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HiotDgraphic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


73  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  !4S80 

(716)872-4503 


1^  <^' 


-t<v.« 


;.     .  W^^ 


Z 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  institute  for  Historical  Microreproductlons  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductlons  historlques 


Ttchnical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notes  tachniqua*  aic  bibliographiquas 


Tha  Instituta  has  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  bast 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturas  of  this 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagas  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
tha  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  la  mailleur  exemplaire 
qu'ii  lui  a  iti  possible  da  se  procurer.  Las  details 
da  cat  exemplaira  qui  sont  paut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  da  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
una  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  una 
modification  dans  la  m^thoda  normala  de  filmaga 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagAe 


□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurda  et/ou  pellicul^e 


P? 


Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


|~~|    Coloured  maps/ 


D 
D 
G 


D 


D 


Cartes  gdographiquas  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encra  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout6es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  la  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film^es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires: 


□   Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


D 
D 

n 

D 
D 


n 


Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^as 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolor^es,  tachetdes  ou  piqu6es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  indgala  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  material  suppldmentaire 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refitmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellament 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmies  d  nouveau  de  facon  di 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


^^rrr ~r 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


e 

Stalls 
8  du 
lodifier 
r  une 
Image 


IS 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  Images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  :he  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  th) 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  Illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -hi»>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc..  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  toe  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  filmd  fut  reproduit  grdce  A  la 
gdn^rositd  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantas  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet^  de  I'exernplaire  fiim6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fiimage. 

Les  exempiaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimde  sont  filmds  en  commenpant 
par  ie  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  p^ge  qui  comports  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  ie  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exempiaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — *>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  y  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  I'angle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


errata 
to 


pelure, 
}n  d 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

->l 


B 


Ite  I 


RBFB 


M 


J 


ENCYCLOPAEDIA 


OF 


Bti8iDe55  |avu  apd  Corms 


fte 


Vmnamn,  Umohamlkm, 
•ad  aii  who  bav* 
iraU  M  ftnr  LAWTBM  AMD 


I,  Worktaf 
I,  of  KOf  kind 
AMOIBII. 


RBFRJS88MTIKO  TH7>     TDDY  AMD  DSCI8IOM8  OF  IfCMIT  ABLS  LAW- 
Y8&8  AM^  tUPMni a  JUDlCXAXf  AUTHOEITXlik 


THE  STAu  S  AND  CANADA. 


WITH  NOTES  ANb  AUTHORITIES. 


HON.    rttoOH    M! 


Vta^  A<t^ 


RPUISED  eoiTION. 

P.  W.  ZliQUBIl  *  00., 
'  pim.*i»tr.titA,PA.;  Bv.  I^ktu,  Mo. 


mm 


W  ^P    I 


p. 

mr 

w.'  Znouoi  ft  Ca 

F. 

"•'^., 


PREFACE 


No  species  of  knowledge  is  more  in  demand,  or  confers 
more  real  and  constant  usefulness  than  that  of  the  law  and 
its  practical  application  in  both  the  private  aud  public  affairs  of 
each  individual : — and  no  species  of  knowledge  is  more  difficult 
to  obtain  at  the  desired  moment.     There  are  times  and  circum- 
stances when  the  necessary  legal  counsel  cannot  be  had ;  and 
times  and  circumstances  which  render  it  advisable  to  be  one's 
own  4egal  counsellor;  there  are  matters  of  minor  importance 
which  may  not  justify  or  require  the  expense  or  formality  of 
a  legal  consultation ;  there  are  private  afi^irs  which  it  may  be 
neither  prudent  nor  desirable  to  disclose,  but  which  require  some 
legal  light  for  satisfactory  solution  or  adjustment;  there  are 
business  difficulties,  enterprises,  ventures,  controverted  and  vexed 
questions,  which  constancy  demand  some  knowledge  of  the  law 
to  successfully  master,  und  which  are  otherwise  fruitful  of  annoy- 
ance, distress  and  doUbt    These  and  many  other  examples 
demonstrate  the  uii/tfy  of  a  work  of  this  character,  a  book  which 
enables  one  to  combine  practical  law  with  personal  knowledge 
and  experience.    The  primary  nutssity  of  convenient  reference 
to  legal  subjects  is  demonstrated  by  the  welKknown  and  univer. 
sal  rule  of  law  that "  ignorance  of  law  is  no- excuse ; "  every  one 
is  presumed  to  know  the  law ;  hence  the  defence  of  ignorance 
avadls  noting:  one  must  suffer  for  every  infraction,--^nd  know 
better  afterwards.    In  thia  work  will  be  found- a  very  complete 
law.libniry,  corniced  with  mudi  care,  and  containing  die  essence 
of  tlie  various  4ittbject8  of  die  law  <»mpressed  into  a  comprehen- 
sive und  conveiltent  form,  with  its  value  gready  enhanced  by  foot- 
note^  to  leading  authorides,  to  whtth,  when  necessary,  easy  ref- 
erence in  any  law  library  may  be  had.    Forms  are  given  in  great 
profoston  and  variety ;  they  have  been  sdected  and  framed  with 
the  ubtiost  care  «ad  simplicity,  and  adapted  to  She  pracdcal  and 
common  neoeantinKMr  actual,  every-day  use. 


1 


AN 


! 


ENCYCLOPAEDIA 


OF 


Law  and  Forms. 


abavm: 


M*«iiiM*s  ftkmnum  ^tmTwZmi  Wjt«. 

AMMOONMRNT  iaom^cd  loan  individul  • 
prop«fty  HMl  {•|i>>  w<*  •q«it«bl«  righta;'  it 
k  •  wnmytoll— lit  M  the  pMt  of  Ih*  owner, 
wlihoot  rafMtd  to  to  fctai.^  |»«m»»Ioii,  and 
with  M  tnltBHan  to  alMiidaa> 

Wkm  ft  ptfwa,  eomid«rtiig  mi  artick  wbrth- 
ItM.  cMb  tt  awojr,  wtth  •»  rnlnrtioii  of  abui- 
doning  h,  IM  tkmliy  divaati  hloMMlf  of  hit 
tiila  ia  U,  CMt  Imm  M  man  caaia  to  tsnapiain. 
if  it  batakM  by  aMllMr,  than  tf  ha  U4  nrrar 
owned  It,  Mitaaa  iadaatf  tw  lackdaa  it  without 
violatkig  tha  ri(hl>  of  othan,  or  bafon  thajr 
teke  it.* 

Mara  nomwar  doaa  »ot  nacwiwlly  or  wmaOf 
comtiiM  abawlaMMwit*  than  awt  ba  an  «•• 
tiMrtm  toahMdaMi*"  a»4nMh  iMaBtian  to  to 
ba  datanriaaA  aa  a  «naMtaa  of  b«l  Awn  all  tha 
drauMtaMM  attandfaw  Ow  ovaai'a  aeta.' 

■Bt  oaoMadl  wtth  a  aiJkiaiitljr 


tong  paaMMaten  bv  aaotbar  pattjr  daatny*  tha 
orijiMl  vmwHift  ni^bla^ 


^Ibaitaitabiidamiiianthaaladapoahimo* 
faith  tar  MMtkar,!!  daalrafa  tha  ovaar'a  rigbta. 

La«l  lyM  mm  ^mmi  awt  ba  divattad 
•cniAiHi  1ft  liar.^Btpilabla  rigbta  m^  ba 

Dvnaat  Km. 


ACWSWABCB.  Sm  titu  o»  CacHAnoa  aw* 
PnoMiHOMT^toTM,  BTC. :  CoMnucrs :  iMuaAMoa; 
Rnrri  BTATvra  or  i^RAuaa  i  Tanmia. 

AccEPTAMCi  i»  the  receipt  with  an  intention 
(o  reiain  it  of  a  thing  oflticd   by  another.^ 
An  ifireeing  to  an  act  or  contract  of  another  ) 
!>y  tome  act  which  binds  tha  penon  in  law. 

Wtjare  a  landlord  takaa  rant  raaerved  on  a 
lea»i  nadc  by  hit  predecetaor,  it  it  an  attrft- 
•nt*  of  the  tarmt  of  tha  laaaa  and  bindi  the 
party. 

As  diMingaithed  ftom  aiaent,  acceptance  de- 
nc  fha  receipt  of  aomcthing  in  compliance 
w  :  id  latitiactory  fulAlment  of  an  under- 
takui|  to  which  aaaant  had  been  prcvioutly 
given. 

A  rtwalpt  with  aa  intention  to  retain  it  in- 
diHpanauNa  to  every  acceptance,  though  a  man- 
•U  taking  ia  not  necaatary.  The  intention  to 
Main  maj  cxitt  at  tha  time  of  receipt  or  aftcr- 
wanfo  t  and  nuqr  be  indicated  by  acta,  words  or 
otharwiia,  and  will  in  many  instancaa  ba  im- 
pliad  by  cirGnaWancaa. 

Aiaana.    •••  M asieAi.  Uw. 

ZMaMwrir.  lea  (>iMm*fc  Uw. 

iawMMMM.   Sm  ^aoraarv.  arc 

liMMMyCaNataMi.  8a«  CoimActa. 
ACefMOnr.  tee  raACnca;  RaMamaa. 
An  AOCtDRirr  b  that  which  taket  place  with. 
o«t  ont'a  aipcGtaiioa  or  fcrcaight}  an  event 
wMcb  pfoccadt  froai  an  oaknown  caatet  or 
to  an  smMMl  afftet  Iroas  a  known  caase,  and 
pacMid.  It  b  dw  happening  of 
aa  artBt  iHdMnt  tiw  concnrrence  of  the  will 
of  tb«  panMiii  by  whoaa  agency  it  was  causol. 
M  tba  bambm  of  a  Koma  fraan  kindling  a  fr- 
for  dOBOaatie  owpaaoat  or  tha  ha|)fiening  of  an 
wMmmk  anr  bmas  latency,  aa  the  bum 
r  ■  Ihnm  by  l^jhtait^.i  It  b  wch  an 
act,  avcst.  IftiB,    misfortana    or 


ing  of  ■  h 

Miaotaaean 


ACCI DKNT— ACCOUimi. 


omiMtaa  m  la  aol  lb«  rw«lt  of  m;  miMxm- 
'ittct  or  MgligMic*^ 

An  •cciiknt  which  mUm  from  •  emvm 
which  opsretM  wUhnul  lb«  tld  or  Intorftrmic* 
of  IMP  b  ciUI«d  Ml  act  of  (kMl.*  AccldwiU 
which  M«  nrndttcad  »>y  phy»i£«l  cauM*,  wch 
M  loM  iw  llfhlniiif ,  tiitf  Momi*,  pwll*  ol  lh« 
tM.  InundMiom.  MrthqaahM,  luddcn  dMlh,  III- 
ti«M,  Mid  lh«  likt,  arc  cailad  fortuiUMa  •vmU.* 
Thn  which  happaiM  by  a  cauM  which  out- 
not  b«  rMlaiad .■  which  ntithar  of  Iha  par<ic* 
hM  occaaionad  or  can  pravanl.*  and  unfor- 
M«n  avant*  which  cannat  b«  pravantad,*  ara 
alika  callad  fortallowi  avantt  wMl  iiMvitabi* 
«ccid«nt«.»  UnforMMti  drewmuncaa  which 
cannot  ba  guarded  againal  by  any  human 
agancy,  and  in  whkk  mui  lakaa  au  part, 
arc  called  caaiuUtiaa  or  Inavitabto  awidatila.* 
inlariHMition  of  httoum  agancy,  aa  th«  inroad 
of  a  ho»iil«  army  whieh  from  ila  natura  and 
power  Is  abaoUtsly  ancttntroUabia,  Is  danomi- 
naied  irmiitibia  furca.' 

Uanarally,  no  on*  ia  ranxMslbl*  far  that 
which  ia  tha  rssutt  of  tupartor  fore*  or  inevi- 
table accident ;  bat  a  man  nuy  be  to  where  he 
has  iiipMlstad  that  he  would,  and  alio  where 
he  haa  been  guilty  of  fhiud  or  deceit;*  for  no 
man  may  take  adnuitag*  of  his  own  wrong. 

Where  la  the  performance  of  a  lawful  act, 
without  any  intention  to  do  harm,  and  after 
uting  due  |>reeaiitton  to  prevent  danger,  a 
person  anfurtttnately  kilhi  another,  it  la  an  acci- 
dent or  miaadventura  for  which  he  cannot  be 
held  amenable.  Eiamples  of  this  art  i  When 
deathensvesi  i.  From  Innocent  recreations. 
a.  From  moderate  and  lawlU  oonrtction  In  the 
domestic  relation,  j.  From  acts  lawful  and 
innocent  in  themselves,  don«  with  protMnr  and 
ordinary  caution.*  An  act  upon  which  death 
cnsnas  must  have  been  neither  bad  in  itself, 
wrong  In  Its  nature,  nor  a  prahlUted  evil  or 
offsnc*. 

'    AnnMmssfiMMMi Vmmv.  SeaaiuaoelX' 
CRAww  *■»  Paotnaooav  Horn.  ere. 

AnnnsMlton.   Sm  CannM«L  L*w. 

AenweC   SmCowtiucib;  Oowmm. 

AcMMMUOwat.   S«s  Mbmcai.  Law 

ACOSWnk   See  trwnca. 

ACCOUNTB.  Am  Aocotmr  Is  a  registry 
of  debts  and  credits,  or  chaigest  an  enliT  in  a 
book  or  on  papet  oi  things  notm^  or  sold,  of 
payments,  services,  ate.,  Includuf  the  names 
of  parties  to  the  traaaacUon,  date  and  ptiea  or 
value  of  the  artide.  A  detailed  statement  of 
the  mutual  demands  in  the  natnrs  of  daht  and 
credit  between  parties,  arising  out  gf  oontntfs 
er  soasc  fiduciary  relation.* 

A  bank  account  is  the  statemert  of  the 
amount  deposited  and  dmwn,  #hick  is  knt  In 
duplicate,  on*  in  Uw  depositor's  bank  book 
and  the  other  In  tlw  books  of  the  bonk. 


An  o|Mn  account  i«  one  In  which  tome  ll»m 
of  the  contract  it  nut  tattlad  by  the  partir'<, 
whethar  iha  account  conaiat  of  one  lltm  m 
many.*  Thu*,  where  ft««  loada  of  com  wcrr 
told  at  tha  tama  time  and  dailvared,  and  Ihvrr 
wat  no  uipulalton  as  to  Iha  firice,  it  It  tn 
open  account.*  Ho,  alw,  whep  there  are  run 
ning  or  Rurrent  deallan  between  tlte  parim 
which  are  kept  uncluaaa  with  the  etpactiiion 
of  fresher  traaaactioN*.*  If  the  plainllll  brlnu^ 
two  tuits  oti  sn  open  aecouni.  It  it  not  im 
prcMOr  to  adroit  on  the  trial  of  the  lecnml 
acuon,  tcatimony  of  payments  that  ware  In 
evidiinca  on  the  first  trial)  but  lli*  dafcmt 
ant  cannot  be  twice  allowed  for  (he  tarn* 
payments.' 

An  acoount  ttaled  Is  an  agreed  balance  of 
aixoutits.  An  account  which  has  been  eaam 
Ined  and  accepted  by  the  partim.s 

An  original  entry  of  account  it  the  first  entry 
made  by  a  merchant,  tradesman,  or  other  per 
ton  in  nia  account  bnokt,  charging  another 
with  merchandiae,  materials,  work  or  labor,  or 
cash,  on  a  contract  made  between  them. 

Entries  In  books  of  acoount  may  be  adssitted 
In  evidence,  when  It  is  mide  to  appear  by  the 
oath  of  the  person  who  made  the  entries,  that 
such  entriee  or*  correct,  and  were  made  at  or 
near  the  time  of  the  traneaction  to  which  they 
relate,  or  upon  proof  of  the  handwriting  of  the 
person  who  made  the  entries,  in  case  of  hit 
death  or  absence  from  the  country.^  The 
books  must  have  been  kept  for  the  purpote, 
and  the  entries  isnst  have  keen  made  oontcm- 
poraneons  with  the  dellverv  of  the  goods,  and 
by  the  person  whose  duty  U  was,  for  the  tioM 
being,  to  moke  thcm.1 

Tae  duugea  of  an  aeoonnt  book  skould  be 
In  suck  a  slate  that  thev  may  be  prssmned  lu 
have  bean  the  daihr  minutes  of  no  buaineM 
or  transactions  of  UM  pany,'  and  sach  book 
may  be  considered  ea  tho  original,  tkough  traa- 
scrfbod  tnm  a  slatei  the  sUl*  ooniaming 
merely  aeaMiranda,  not  intended  to  be  per- 
manent.' So,  aho.  horn  memoranda  made  by 
a  aervnnt*  The  form  of  keeping  tkt  book  is 
not  materia!,*  but  k  must  bo  a  registry  of  the 
bnoinem  actually  done,*  and  tko  ehargaa  lkak«in 
must  be  specifie  and  naiticnlar/.  and  made  at 
or  near  the  time  of  th*  ttansactton  to  wkkh 
they  rakte.*  If  the  party  koqia  a  Mgir,  or 
the  aeoount  book  hu  marks,  sbowlm|  tfist 
the  items  have  been  tranararred  to  a  lMge% 
the  lodger  lawt  also  bo  produced,  ttal  the 
other  party  mnr  kavo  tbe  advantage  cf  any 
itema  entered  OMrein  to  kla  credit.'  ■  If  an 
acGonnt  book  mppau  to  be  manifoitly  erased 
and  akarad  ia  a  material  point,  the  ckaigM 
will  not  bo  admitted,  nnleso  the  akorotfcM  is 
lalbfartoiHTr  STnkiimid  * 


OM  In  which  MNM  llpm 
Mtil«<l  itf  lh«  pariiri, 
contiat  of  ofM  Utm  nc 
A«*  loMfa  at  corn  wrrr 
Md  d«Mv«r«><,  uul  Ihf  rr 
to  lh«  prica,  it  it  III 
Uo,  whan  lh«i«  wn  run 
iiM  batwMn  lh«  panm 
M  with  lh«  •tptctaiiiin 

•  ir  lh«  plaiMtlir  brlntt* 
MCiMirt,  M  I*  ntil  Ini 

Iha  trial   of  tli«  Mcnn<l 

pajrmcnis   thai   w«r«   in 

trial  I    but  Iha  dcfeml 

allowed   for  tk«  aanu 

•  M  tigntd  balance  of 
I  which  haa  baan  aaam 
ha  panim.l 

account  is  tha  inl  aiilry 
iradttHiiaii,  or  olhar  per- 
nokt,  chaffing  another 
•riab,  work  or  labor,  or 
de  between  them, 
iceomt  aaajr  be  adnitted 
I  SMla  *o  a^pftw  bjr  the 

0  maila  the  aatttea,  that 
ct,  and  ware  nada  at  or 
fantaction  to  which  thejr 
i  the  handwriting  of  the 

1  cMtriea,  in  oaaa  et  hi* 
Mi  the  oonntry^  The 
I  kept  for  tha  pvrpoae, 
M««  Man  made  (sontem- 
livarr  of  tha  gooda,  and 
liitjr  it  waa,  tat  tha  ti«e 

Moonnt  book  iImmM  be 

31  may  be  pianwned  tu 
natM  of  the  bmincet 

paiiv,*  and  MKh  t)ook 
ba  onglnal,  though,  traa- 
(  tha  alata  aoMaming 
at  iolandad  to  ba  pcr- 
■I  wainaranda  Made  bjr 
>«f  katpiag  the  bsek  it 
Buat  bt  n  ragiti'jr  of  the 
>  and  tiM  ehargai  tlMlrein 
paitioUar.'  aiM  Mada  at 
M  tnwnctiqn  lo  which 
Mitjr  kaapa  •  liigw,  or 
■  narfca,  thowkM  that 
tnatfarrad  to  a  fidg*^ 

ba  prodnead,  that  the 
I  the  advantage  of  aajr 

le  kia  credit.'  If  an 
to  be  aaaniCntljr  araaed 
arial  point,  tha  Aaiget 
wdeaa  the  attentioa  b 

L  toe.  »*  Ala.  Oti.)  fc. 
Ua.  «•.  jh*  A*.  Ch,  *|i ; 

»!» whajtrfk  pH Vt- 

m,  4ni  •  •HI.  Ml  I  Hal- 


AN  OaiOlHAL  Entbv,  to  be  adiniMihie  aa 
•viHenca,  maat  be  mail*  In  the  |iro|i«r  UmiIi. 
In  general,  (he  huoh*  In  which  Iha  hnt  anIrtM 
irr  iiiailr,  Iwloaging  lu  a  niarchani,  iradnman, 
<»  mechaMlc,  In  which  are  charged  nooda  ittld 
anil  deUvere«l,  ur  wiwli  and  latxir  done,  are  re- 
irived  in  evidence.  Ihere  are  RMuiy  booka 
vhlch  are  not  evidence.  A  book  made  up 
l>)r  iranacrlbina  enlriee  made  on  a  tlaie  by  a 
liHirnayinan,  Ihe  Iraiiwcripi  being  made  on  (he 
«ame  cvenina.  or  MNnetime*  not  aniil  noMly 
two  weekta  after  the  work  waa  done,  la  not  a 
liiHik  of  original  enirle*.'  A  IkmA  purporting 
lu  he  a  book  of  original  enlftea,  containing  an 
entry  of  Ike  aalc  of  gooda  when  they  were 
iirdered,  but  before  ihey  were  delivered,  k  not 
a  book  of  original  enlriea."  And  unaonnaded 
K-raoa  of  paper,  containing,  aa  alleged*  oHcinal 
cntriea  of  talaa  by  an  agmat,  on  aceonnl  of  kia 
prindnal.  and  appearing  on  Ikeir  face  to  be 
irregularly  kept,  are  not  to  be  oonaidared  aa  a 
iMok  of  original  enlriea.* 

Tha  entry  mmn  ba  made  in  tha  conrM  of 
IwaineM,  utd  with  tha  intention  of  making  a 
charge  for  gooda  aold  and  work  donet  they 
ought  not  to  ba  made  after  the  lapaa  of  one 
•lay.*  A  book  in  which  (ha  chaigoe  are  made 
when  tha  gooda  are  ordered  ia  not  admiaaible.» 

Tha  entry  auit  be  made  in  an  intelligible 
manner,  and  not  In  figurai  or  hieroglypbicB 
which  are  mdanlood  by  tha  aaUar  only.4    A 


aaiiar  oniv.* 
I  dam'  woTK," 


charge  made  in  grom  aa  ••  190 
"  for  madldaa  and  attendance."  or  « thirteen 
ilollais  for  medidna  and  attandanea  on  one  of 
ihe  general's  danghtan  in  cvring  tha  whooping- 
cuugh,"*  ware  rniactad.  An  entry  ef  gooda 
wlihovt  cnmrinv  oat  any  prtcas  prwrca,  at  moat, 
onlyaiak  1  tha  }«nr  aaaaot,  without  other 
cvidenao,  ^  price.*  Tha  chnrgea  ihodd 
>>e  ipacMk,  kM  denota  tha  paitkular  worh  or  aar^ 
vice  charged  aa  k  ariiaa  dikUT,  and  tlw  mmad^, 
number,  wdgkt,  or  otkw  dlidMl  daJgnatioB 
of  tha  nMierinla  or  aitieias  nid  or  fhmiabed, 
and  attach  tha  prka  and  toIim  to  anek  iloai.* 

Tha  entry  maat,  of  eoniaa,  knra  baoa  nude 
by  a  panwn  hnviiy  antboiity  to  aaka  It.*  and 
with  a  view  to  charga  tha  party." 

Tha  proof  o#  tha  aaltT  mntt  ba  HMda  h*  Ow 
it    If  tonda  by  tha  aanar. 


pcnon 

ht  ia  Goapataat  to  pravo  it  ftoa  tli«  necaariqr 

of  tha  caia,  althongh  ha  haa  an  faMarM«  in  tha 


,.  xiif.-^  >**■    »«_VMM.  f4Ss  a  Biff.  441 1  I  Natl 


M^(lf.ijpt,VM.4li7e 


turn  Kiik.  ala,  l»-t  BMwne,a|t. 

h  yW^lk.  ii«i  itlAliselCT. 
.  lyi  rfauait,*  C.  "^    ^ 


.Ii^i'^£iif€j3 


matter  in  dtapwie.*  When  m^Hle  \*i  a  ttrrk,  fe 
muat  be  pruvan  bv  him  Mut  In  *i(he«  cm*, 
when  the  pareon  wbu  made  (lie  tniry  1*  out  «tf 
the  reack  tif  (he  (iroceM  uf  the  ctMiri,  aa  lu  (ha 
caae  uf  death,  or  abaencc  >Mt(  uf  (he  !lMe  ur 
cuunty,  (he  hand  writing  may  ite  prmwi  h*  a 
peraon  acnuainted  wii||  the  liandwrMtng  uf  (ho 
pMion  who  made  the  ent"^,' 

The  hooka  and  origin>' '  entriea,  when  piw««d 
by  the  iupplemeula ry  uaih  uf  (he  pM^,  ia 
frim*  fmtit  evi^enae  of  iIm  (ale  and  de>H'ery 
ot  gooda,  and  work  and  labor  <kme.*  M 
ihey  are  ivol  evidence  •/  muwey  lent  or  reali 
paid,*  nor  of  the  liaM  n  riaail  liqp  at  Ihe  platn< 
(U7'*  wharf,*  nor  of  Ihe  delirery  of  gwaia  to  ha 
aold  on  coaMntMion,* 

Theae  entriee  are  evMeneo  Im  auito  hilw  >■> 
third  partiaa,*  and  ako  in  ik««r  af  tha  pai«r 
himaeir.* 

An  acxxwnt  itatu>  ia  in  the  natara  af  • 
new  promiae,'  and  ia  cnnclualve  aa  to  the  Nn> 
bility  of  the  partlea,  with  refcren»a  to  tha  lnH» 
actlomi  kKladad  ia  k,^  aaeayt  in  «mm  af  Iknd 
or  maalfnt  emr.* 

Acoeplnnoe  may  be  Inforred  IVum  elteatoi 
■tances  1  aa  whota  an  aaaaani  to  randna4  to  • 
merchant  and  no  ohiectlon  to  tonda.  alWr  •all> 
dent  time.*  In  general,  when  a  party  Indahlaii 
an  account  reeeivea  and  latotwi  II  h^aad 
tlae  aa  to  raaaeaabia  aadar  iha  tlwttin 


•nch 


for  aaatlnlag  and  rawmtac  1^ 


afthahMl* 


ootomankatlng  any  abfactkMa,  I 
to  aeoaiaaca  fai  Ito  tartartneaa,  and  hoi 
bound  by  it  aa  an  naaoant  itoMd.  HgitoldWi 
to  Iha  aooouBt.  ar  aipaw  ndtoMnn  to  itol 
naoaaaaiy^  Thto  nia  St  kaM  HnllaaUa  to  ••< 
oounta  batwaan  BMiakaMi  larfdtoif  In  Oiant 
Gonatrieo.'  Sack  aa  aaaaaM  to  daamad  eaa> 
ciniiva  batwaan  tha   pawlas'  to  ^ 


Mraad  apoii, 
pbia  anmr  to  ahawn,*  and  hi  anak  aia^  gaiiai- 
aUy,  tka  ncaowk  wUI  Ml  aaaMMd,  kM  Ikant 
toMiNkai|aorMdiy«illlM|l««n.*    Bm  fc 


advaataga, 

OOtHtaika  ( 

opai 

pnrtart 
a  who 

SMi  tr  Uk("U  'Ctak  4af|  H  1 


caaaa  af  graaa  Arand,  ar 

or  faapoaliki  Mrfa  p*l|^akla  to  ika 
ootot.  Om  eoart  wW  ikaal  ika  wkatai  mmiM 
to  ba  opaaad  and  takm  www.»  AecapMiMa 
by  tha  party  to  ba  akamad  mmi  ka  tktMm  If 


•fi; 


TIN 

I 


liMid. 


Aa.  laai  a  I 

t  11 


•eklMwItdglMM  llMl  Ik*  »Mi  to  <llM  hi  tttOI 

*4««i.«  ih<Htgk  iH«r«  b«  b«i  «  dngl*  titin  In  iIm 
•coHini.*  Aec«puni««  mmy  »U«i  l«  liifafr«d 
lr«m  rMalntii^  ih«  •ceuvnl  •  tiillUtoiit  tlm« 
Mih4Mii  ■i«liin|  ii»ij«nl.«»,'  •i«l  (n.-m  attm  sii 
cunM(Mlc««J  THa  •ccvptanta  iif  llM  MCtMiill 
I*  «r.  •<:lin»wl«<1(iii«i>l  >it  •  <t«bt  A—  for  lb* 
laUnia.i  u\'\  i(  U  not  nacMMry  i<>  prov*  IM 
li«in«,  Inii  <mlx  In  pn>««  m  •ilMlng  <faAl  or  tl« 

■MImI,  Mxi  lh«  Malilll  <if  «h«  MiCIMMM.* 

«  Any  •ilmtwiiin  ••(  a  Im  «nca  m  ackiMiwMg 
■am  m»«l«  l>y  Aa  paHf  i'  uiaUMt,  ikiU  •  twiM 
•f  monav  I*  ilaa  lo  lk«  tallar,  la  laiMMl 
»Hm»  /iff*  ffviilanca  lo  aiMiila  klm  lo  naavar 
Ikai  «um  on  an  aectMM  MaUd  i*  to  wk«r«  lk« 
((^(aiHlaiii  *ia(a<l  ikal  ka  wcNiid  call  rwi  muh  ika 
amomii  n(  Ika  <i«il  Mrat  ia,*  or  wk«r«  ha  am* 
Munay  oii  acKuMnt,  k'aling  k«  wwild  p«y  tk« 
imnaindar  nail  waak.*  nut  •  man  qwUMtod 
Mknowla<%M«nt  ia  not.' 

An  accaplanca  of  a  kill  te  avidkiiM  of  mi  m 
eonnt  atalad  by  ika  necaplur  wlik  lk«  koldar  t* 
at  all  avanta  it  la  lo  in  an  action  U  (ka  tiiil  of 
tke  drawer.'  «r  ««  tk*  wM  of  •  V«T>*,  "ko  |* 
alw  dniwar.*  A  wMilaMry  noM  b  •vMano*  m 
M  accoaiit  atalad.  In  M  Mtfcm  bv  tiM  WJTM 

Tlntt  Ika  mnkaf.'  An  1.  O.  U.  M  avidmc* 
M  MciMnl  atnttd.*  Wkarc  aocwuito  v* 
ankwlncd  to  an  MktWr,  MM  bjr  bond,  kit  awanl 
may  ba  givm  In  «vMmc«  audar  -m  accmuM 
Biatad.'  IKHinf  an  acoMNt  wtll,  In  Mnanl. 
ammiM  to  an  ateiwhMi  of  tk«  tiUa  of  iKa  party 
to  racalva  Ika  nMnty,* 

7**  tttmmt  mmtt  Ar  tkdmHv  m  nmfttmt 
pmm,  andadiitf  InfaHto  and  tkoaa  wko  art 
of  nnaowid  nOnd.*  Haakand  and  wifa  mmy 
tota  and  Mate  an  aceowM  wtik  a  Iktrd  panon/ 
An  agmit  «a*  bind  Ma  latettod.*  Floaloran 
ac«<wnl  itolad  villi  Ika  iftalntlf'a  afanlta  Mfl- 
etam.  efowiactlMp«ftjrMb«aackaf«Hl)  ton 
pkiintllr  may  raaavar  on  an  acenut  Mated  ky 
tka  ddandaat  wMi  dw  sMnUr*  wMi,  oriw 
acaannt  ateted  kf  <M  *m»AM**  wt«i.«  if  ifca 
M«*«4  to  ba  rtte  pMly^  «fMl.  Fkrtnaw  my 
■tela  aMonnm  4nd  an  nMka  itei  farlba  pni^ 
antMlad  to  tka  bakinaa.* 

Tht  tm^ptt  mutn*  ^  As  tmmt  wmk  ba 
nrovad  t«  kav«  baa*  mmnjf  and  a  Ml.    A 
dafbiite  lucartainad  mm  mil  b«  Kteted  to  ba 
d«a  *     It  to  aa«alant  to  , 
ateted,  wltba«t||vtat  wrMaM*  «t  dw  Hf«nl 

•    '\'  i,«klfin* 

atry  that  tbaN  ibnnM  ba 

^onldrSite  to  omm  than  oat  tten  or 
> '   Aceonndng  in  a  pattienlar 
Ibat  cbanater.*    An  a«M«i 


•kjaa    not    alter    Ika   aaiara    tt   lk«  atigiaal 

•l«te.» 

4m  Mt0mH  HfUtd  u  mt,  m  t*m*ntl,  €»»<h$ 
iMw  r¥*4ttH*  afaMM  Ika  mrtf  adwMHnK  ilx 
tmlanta  lo  ba  agalnal  kim  *  (la  aitml'l  \m  il 
Uiwmi  In  (ko«  a  grow  arror  or  Mtotali*  la  lh< 
•ccovnl,  m  any  Craad  or  MMrapraaaMallon  \rf 
Ika  (KiMr  imrty.  If  ka  could  add««a  alaar  «vi 
danca  of  ikat  imA.  Bat  arkara  an  aeaoani  t« 
•aalad,  and  ika  paHy  givaa  a  bill  for  ili« 
aaKMMi,  wktak  Mil  la  n«l  |Mid,  ka  canMoi,  im 
an  aatlon  brtMciM.  Imipaack  Ika  ckaifaa  in  ih« 
im  acaoant  wktak  ka  kaa  MttladJ  And  wb«rr 
IMitlaa  kavli^  avm  daar.awdi.  tatlla  and  kalan« » 
ikair  aaanaau,  tbaimh  pan  of  ika  akiiMia'* 
dwawd  aonld  not  ba  raco»arad  in  im  acilun. 
Ika  lawlaiwH  «f  aaaawnta  will  kind  Ika  dafan<l 
ant,  ao  Ibal  ka  aannel  tat  ap  liwi  dafcnea  to  «ii 
mtinn  fgf  Ika  bnlanca." 

T%»  aMMrrM  aUtfattmi  im  mmtHmt^m 
aw  mttmm  jAmW  aitti  (l)  Tfcat  plaintiff  ai«l 
daCmdant  caaa  lo  an  aaaMntitit  tegnthar.  (i) 
la  Mwk  aoaoHMing  daimdant  waa  Ibnnd  in 
dablad  to  piataMMT,!  l)  wld«k  dafandaM  pran 
iaad  to  pay,  (4)  and  ba»  not  paid. 

A«(MIVW 


kaa  ilili  AraiaavtTv,  aaai. 
taa  Accottirt— uaEWToa'a,  tiliw. 
Tka  ateaw*  af  A.  P.  aad  A  ««  a4aritelatra«a»» 

^aaaaa^Mi I t 


9M.  _ 


e^mpjss^s 


naiiir*    «f    iM  attgiiial 

I  Mf,  M  ffn*i  «A  f««  <  ttt 
IIm  mrtf  •4MlUln|;  ih« 
I  kun  ■  !!■  *<MlM  tw  •! 
«  Mrur  (ir  MiMak*  tH  lh« 
or  Mtar«|>f«<i«iM*lU>«  tijr 
cu«l<l  addtlr*  tlmu  t«l 
B«l  wkar*  am  •ccimnl  i« 
ty  ftvM   •   ImH  fcit   th« 

•  M4   |Mt4.  IM  CMIMi,  <m 

I  kM  MMMJ    And  wkarr 
MtM^.  Mlll«  mm!  bskuii  r 

h  ^  of  iM  BlalMlf '« 
I  nco¥<r>«i  tn  llM  miWhi, 

I  Mt  «p  tkai  ililiini  to  III 


.1  (i)TlMl  |»laM«ff  MI.I 
I  MMMndng  logatfMr.  (t) 
dllklMlMl  WM  fwiMl  In 
)irMcli  MMMkMM  prow 
Ml  MM  pakL 


ACCtiUNTI. 


,1  tM  •■«•<•  •«  D  D  ,  vr  —", 


■  ..•4Ml(MMr«U* 


jtSTMiX 

•M4     •(    tkri 


nr  MHi 


*ftinihr|iT 

Ink.  Ml. 


WW 


M«  I 


a  I  ■•  i  Mf  (Mr 

tai*  MM  ii> 

raa'ry  «M<t 

•  Utai*  f- 


■yhal. 


'•!• 


m 


f 


A.  ■..  atfaitaMnMr  af  tita  mmm  •*  D. JD.,  4»- 


5=L_r: 


^ 

1 

r 

r»«OT 

AwnmUMW 

1 

1WW. 

•yM. 

TIM  >■!■■■«  rl  Ar  A.,  mm1««v,«  af  1. 1.,  aar- 
«kwt),jf-— ,  M  AaM  af  vatamiary  aaalgaiinfii, 


la  Mm  aiattav  ff  lk«) 
•Miaiim«««af  I.T.,>I«  liM  — 

A««a«a«  af  A.  %.,  aaalgaaa  af  mU  laaatvaM. 


r 


n*i4  •••     I 

•  radH  M  M- 
loa*,    »!• 


Ttwi  ••ruttni  lii 


Af  Wa  -4l««r«l*a*«, 


A»»ll>A«ir«,  IKMt 

IcHWnl  •iih  III*  I  miri  aH-Hii)!  k*a 
b«>o4i«  h-i|»i   ^y  (li«  gii«t •11*11      ll 


«hiM(l>l  t^Unrly  «^ow  «h«  lUblu  ami  mtltiA  of  ih«  giMf' 
dian,  *n<l  (Ibiuiit  cUailv  ralbr  hy  numkMf  ih  •"harvlM  M 
lh«  vmw:K«r«  pn»«liM  mI  For  vnfk  iiain,  and  ba  ao  a«imfM4l 

•land 


lK«i   any  |Mr«iiN,  wlihiml  aa|Jan«lliHi,  can  uiHiaralan 

th«  |ir««iaa  ittmiii><m  of  <^«  account 

O  N  ,  auariiian  af  i   0.,an«  af  tho  «klldr«« 

and  hair*  of  D.  D.,af ,  daaaaaa4,  la  a««awM 

with  ihii  Mtata  af  aai4  O.  D. 


r 


'nld  guar 
dlaa  chaima 
klaMfaafirf 
lo«*,  *U  : 

AnuMtMia- 
aaivad  uxui 
it.  A  ,  taw- 
ul»r  («r  ad- 
atlnlair»«n  r ) 
of  aald  p 
b  .MagilM 
propnnloa  of 
Dmmwl  ••• 
Itatf '  'rttlktr 
mrtit ,  da*  tiM 

II  D.a* 

of 
hMrt  of  taM 

V  b. 

C**h  (Voai 
K  R.foroa* 
yaar'matof 


r 

fakar 

di*n    cradlta 

himaair    far 

iha  f-jUowlna 
•  uma,  |Mld 

e  ■  accwinl 
•f   hi*     MUd 

wud,  •*  par 

•aiKh*r«  o« 

HI*,  vli  : 

' 

P*MC  C, 
cUrk'a  faa*. 

■ 

f**ldA. /, 

1 

•I'lMy'a  (••*, 

«>r««ioiilk*' 
VrdlbrwMd 

4 

NidT  N., 

tuillaa,  ttr., 

EM.,*«e. 

TaMi, 

ll 


Tk*  gaarJIiia  tkaidJ  add  lo  ih*  cradlu  ih* 
ikal  Ika  eaan  allaw*  Mm  m  coaipmaailoa 


O.  N.,  gMrilaa  af  tha  aaraan  aad  aatata  «f  1. 
O. .  Miliar  Mir  af  D.  0. ,  dacaaaad,  aMaaat  af  r«- 
•aiyta  aM  aapaadMurca.^ 


rll»  af 
raaa. 


Said  guar> 
illan  churga* 
tain  ctUM 
with  Ih*  M- 
kiwing  pay- 
mania  un 
*ou'*f«  llad. 

Ek.,**o. 


Accomrra. 


O.  N.,  guardUn,  la  ucouat  with  I.  D.,  hit  ward. 

Cf. Dr^ 

|l     c 


r 


To  amount 
rccaived  of 
E.  A.,  ad 
minitlralor 
of  ward'i  fk 
Ihar,  .    .    . 

To  amount 
of  note  of  P. 
N.,  to  ward, 
tecured  by 
mnngage, 

To  rent  re 
ceived  of  T. 
T.  for,  Mc. 

Etc.,  ate. 


io;4 


893^' 


750 


Na.  1 

V'aktir 


ttjr  coaia 
andaapaniaa 
of  guainllao- 
■hip  aa  par 
•chadula  A, 
harauato  at- 
Mched,  .    . 

Dv  amount 
pala  for  iha 
malntaaaaoa 
and  tuition 
of  ward,  ra- 
paimon  real 


etc.,  aa  par 
ichaduta  B, 
haraunto  an- 


BjrfaaUuica 
0Dluuid,a<e, 


37 


4S 


Sea  tilla  AmitAvm,  poat. 
Tha  Brat  and  partial  (or  final)  aecount  of  K.  X., 
MMutor  of  tha  laat  wilt  and  taatamtnt  Of  D.  D., 
of ,  in  tha  county  of ,  marcbant.  dacaaaad. 


Tha  Mid 
accounuttti 
chaise  them- 
•elve*  with 
allandtingtf 
larihagoodt 
and  ehaltab, 
riahti  and 
cr^iu  which 
were  of  tha 
•  aid  dec'd, 
acracabljr  to 
2n  inventory 
filed  in  tKe 
—  ofltea,  ate. 
amouallnato 

To  an  Jn> 
•naaaooilw 
talc  of  gooda, 
ate.,  .    .    . 

Xtc^ate. 
Tobal. 


$     c 


jsoo 


He.  or 
TekOT 


Tha  aaid 
accountant  a 
credit  thaaa- 
•alveafortha 
ibUowingdia- 
buoMmanta 
made  out  of 
tha  aatata 
•forcaaM.via 

Bsreaahpd- 
for  jHoMa 
of  wis,  tto., 

of  gooda  be- 
qu'thadwid. 


ByM. 


$     c 


»7*» 


Tha  ■ocond  and  flaal  (tryL^.  ate.,  final,  partial, 
«paup!ilementary)aciB«nBtof  |t  X..T.  •.iMaantoni 

•r  tha  laat  win  and  taatamaat  of  D.  D.,  of 

fttrmar,  doeaaaed. 


Tha  aaid 
accountant* 
ebir^tham- 
tdvtaaa  Ibl- 
lowa,  tIi.  : 

Ttm  amt. 
of  peraonal 
aet'eiemaln- 
log  la  thalr 
handaat  tha 
dote  of  the 
firtt  partial 
(«r«M#r)ae- 
count  Sled 
and  audif.d 
(#r  aUowad) 
-»'te— day 

Baianeeof 
cathonband 
at  tha  dote 
of  the  firtt 
(trttitr) 
coant,    . 

Tha  aaid 
ta 


$     c 


1673 


na.  «r 

T-elMr 


t      C 


I'urther  ch'gi 
thautelvct 
witli  tha  fol- 
inwing  tumt 
received    In 
caih    •  1  n  r.  a 
Iha  fliing  of 
tha  Ant  («r 
otAtr)  aoc't, 
viz.: 
Eio^etc. 
Tobal. 

r 

Bybal. 


Tha  Bnal  (<w  »/iUr)  aeeotint  of  B.  X^  amcutoi 

of  the  laat  will  and  teatamant  of  !>.  D.,  of 

dacaaaad. 


Said  exec- 
utor chaiaaa 
himuir  with 
tha  amount 
of  the  inven- 
tory and  ap- 
praitcaant 
aa  filed  in  the 
office  of  the 
—.etc., 

,      li7,>oo 

Laatintar^ 
ett  in  apodal 
partnarthip, 
with  —  not 
rae'd,  Ib^mo 

Toeaiih,6 

on^to,oaoat 
6  par  ct.  loan 

due- 


Etc.,  etc. 


$     « 


4S00 


M«.er 

T'eker 


Said 

utor    

credit  for  the 
foUw'g  pay- 
m  ntt.ch'rgi 
'  dltb'ne- 


BC 

cmilii 
ih.-.:  H 
Male  I 
Thi 
gener 

In  I 

fcdge 


To 


r 


Andaee'ttt- 


Viaal  («r  Paidal)  aoeoimt  of  B.  X. ,  anetMor  of  dM 
l«atwlUaadtaatwiiaBtofD.D.,ef- — ,  dacaaaad. 

"AasooaMat 
ehamtahia- 
lalf  aa  fid- 

low ! 

aTST!' 


oaditrorifaa 
foDw'g  pay. 

~~it8  Hada 


Plaid- — . 
rwdbybai- 


Ho.  I 
"  a 


MMma,\r  CM 
See  tlile  Avwnav 


1,11*. 


a 

p 


See  tWe  Avwnavm,  Mat 
Mr.  A.  B.,  of-—-.    Botigm  of  &  P.,  of—-. 


-SRSm 


H 


r,  No. .  Now  York.— <k 

fir.  A.  B..  No.—-, Bt. 

Braght  of  C.  Of  *  Co.,  Importcra,  atb.Mo.  -—^ 


i 


TemacaA.    Purchaatt  not  g|yia>,«ai1tfijCllM ■ 
baratamadatOBce.whaatheprtoewlllbeiiihadai. 


B 

si 

i 


ByM 


Dcount  of  BjL 'li  WMcutm 
itamant  of  n.  D.,  of 


VtlMC 


Said  «xw- 
utor  claim* 
crwUt  forth* 
feUw'g  ijay' 
Bi*nti|Ch'rgB 
and  dub'na- 

»<■  nuda 
account 
ol   mM    ct 

•,  vit.: 

Bv  eath 
paid,  CM. 


•  :i« 


«t*f  B.  Z.iwncMor  of  tha 
>rD.D..«r .i 


Andaee'Bt- 

yttm 

f 

■M     clataM 

crwUtfordM 

»iac 

MbdMlfar 

wMmttm: 

Md . 

Ho.  1 

FWdbrM- 

laacf^aie. 

"  ■ 

ler 


noAvtfitt  vaai> 

Might  of  C.  P.t  of—. 

iipdaaof£itaai 


M 


NmrVwrk,- 


pilot  wB  b<iwwMw>J. 


lb* 


^ 


ACCOUNTS. 


BOOK.KBBPINO*  i«  th«  Kiance  of  re- 
cmdiiiK  bi'ninens  iran«4ciiont  in  such  a,  manner 
ih.-.:  >i  uenon  may  at  any  time  know  the  exact 
Slate  of  hia  butineu  afiain. 

There  are  two  method*  of  book-keeping  in 
general  lue :  single  and  double  entiy. 

8INOLB  ENTRY. 

In  tingle  entry,  accounts  are  kept  with  ptnom 
tnly,  and  the  amounts  entered  but  once  in  (hj 

ledger. 

B«|r  ■••k— Mstfri*  vr  DMikI*  Batrjr. 
DmHf  Bmriet. 
IfhIUkialyhIa,  January  lat,  ijyg. 


I^onunaaccd  buslniet*  ihli  day' 
<vith  a  cash  capital  of 


Bouglit  of  j         Wramn,  Ibr 
cash, 
MdM.  01  par  Invoica,  . 

- • 

Sold  R.  Smvoo*.  for  cash, 
MdM.  a«  par  biU,    .    . 


Sold  I.  C.  AiKbrKHi,  for  cash, 
Mcba  ai  par  bill, 


--=  't 


Sold  0«a.  Browii,  on  hit  noM 
at  lo  days, 
Mdte.  at  parbin. 
S 


Boi^  of  H.  C.  Wnghr,  on 
my  aota  at  lo  dayi, 
Mdoa.  at  par  lavoiet 


ipariavoMo, 


Paid  for  palminf  coumot, 

tIMlvat,  do. , 
^ «< 

Paid  for  toa  of  ml  for  tlora. 


Sold  T.C.  Mann,  for  cask, 
ao  yda.  bUi.  caMimoia, 

___f.^ 

Botiglil  of  Saau.  MiUt.oa  ay 
•Ola  at  Tp  dayt, 
«e  yd*,  fancy  caa.,  •  •■.< 
is  ••     bllt.doa..   #   1.1 


Botghl  for  catk. 
lo  tharat  R.  R.  tik.. 

M 


Sold  Goo.  B.  Obarv.  «m  bis 
■OM  at  lo  day*, 
ic  yds.  HMcy  caia» 

#  tt.se 
*eyd*.U{t:.daa.,#  ^M)i 


.n 


Saldi.C.AMmi,,.._. 
ainartatik.,  #9sa 

Md  for  waaEing  wiadowt, 
couBMfi,  ate.  * 


SdU  O.  L.  SnMk,  o«  bia  iwta 
MJ<»<»«Jt, 
ao  vdt.  HAev  caat.a 

looydt.  fcneycata., 

Saydl.bBt.do*.,S  4^4$ 


Rae'd  aaih  for  Goo.  Brown't 
MM,  daa  iMa  day. 


SdMrL,^i.fa« 
tag  yv*.  Mcy  I 


nkl^oo 


MdML«M*.  tKMt  af  H.  C 

WilgkVfliMi  nl*  QKft  * 


Sold  for  eath, 
j    suhartstlk.. 


•HoH 


too 
til 


"•rjtjUjuilUo 


4r 


1^000 


iy> 


*n 


j»» 


3" 


Bought  for  cath. 
loo  ydi.  bik.  ciM,,  A  ti.js 


Sold  J  (J.  Abbott,  on  hit  nota 
(I  J  dayt, 
JO  yda.  bIk.  bt'dciolh, 

7S  yd*,  fancy  can  ,M   *'i 

-•  S4      - 

Bought  ufjumct  P.  Bro'  n, 
JO  ydi.  fancy  cait.,  ^  ta.is 

Oavc  in  payment, 
tihartttlk.,  flItjiH 

__ .  jj 

Rae'd  caih  frum  Gtorn  <£. 

Obcrar, 

For  hit  not*  due  ikit  day. 

— — s« L- 

Sold  for  cath, 
iiharattk.,  ••siK 

Sold  J.  Baker,  for  cath, 
tS  ydt.  bIk.  do*,     #t}.oo 

*fl 

Rac'd  from  Jam«  C.  Abbott, 
For  Ml  not*  due  thtt  day. 

Paid  rent  for  January,    .    . 
do.  su  bill        "... 


«7J 

oo 

;£ 

00 

n 

41a 

7J 

105 

CO 

107 

50 

»' 

50 

75 

00 

41I 

7S 

1 

*^ 

S6 

i 

n 

Dr. 


MmbI*  Batpjr. 

Ltdfir  Smtntt—Gtntrai  Fmrmt. 
J.  H.  Worran. 


Cr. 


Jta.   M,TegMh^^ 
T**e*itl.. 


iUk. 


•DJita. 


Ntll 

im9 
it*« 

iiaiiM 


Dr. 
It7«. 

R.  Stavana, 
it^fl 

Cr. 

Jta. 

M 

} 

It 

T«yr*. 

MN 

i«i« 

taa. 

u 

-M-et, 

M 
11 

111 

•* 
*i 

S4$ 


vn 


Dt. 

J- 

C.  AndataoB. 

Cr 

in. 

•• 

U 

=3S 

TenaMv. 

"ssr- 

••.Ml 

Nt;«t 
-SIS 

M 

m 
at 

ss 

VCft. 

in,it 

-1^ 

Dr. 


H.  C.  Wright. 


w. 


Cr. 


llltiAa.  IS 


■•■■■•■■•nr* 

Vt.  Caah. 

»B>g.         ^  '         tt%. 


Ma.    I 
'     t 

"     I 

•      4 
■•       • 

u 


■•CD.eaael 

■.r.a.aMO 


•tv. 


iSU 


■y  MBtkrtat 

■**&!••'?!■. 
"  fciBy  Ma* 


Ittl     I  I 


OOUBLB  ENTRY. 
In  Tkxmut  Etmr  accoiints  are  kept  with 
Ittkjtrstm  mmd  tkhm,  mA  the  unounto  er- 
t«rM  twic*  In  the  lec^pir— once  on  the  4cbit 


•hd  ow»  <»  the  credit  tide. 

ft.Pi*Ma^  OuM*  W  Baok' 


\ 


-^Tk^s**— 


ACCOUNTS. 


Debtor  ud  creditor  an  oorrtlat^vt  larau; 
dM  on«  ImpliM  and  inrolvM  Um  othor.  Wher- 
ever there  is  •  debit  there  mmt  be  •  credit  for 
■II  equal  amovnt,  and  wherercr  there  it  a  cred- 
itor there  must  be  a  debtor. 

The  same  general  results  may  be  shown  by 
either  single  or  double  entry,  bat  the  huter  is 
superior  in  ihb  respect ;— that  it  not  only  shows 
one's  sunding  with  Um  pcnona  w'lth  whom  he 
is  dealing,  but  it  also  shows  the  pniliciiUr 
kinds  of  prapwiy  possessed,  and  the  ptoAt  oo 
each  kind,  therrajr  fumishiag  a  guid*  for  the 
management  of  muineta. 

Tho  nincteal  booka  oMd  in  btinin— 
ai9  the  Oay  nook.  Journal,  Ledger,  and  Cash 
Book. 

Tk*  Dmjf  BmM  should  eoniaiB  a  cnaeiM  aid 
coinprvLensiTe  histofv  of  the  OMrchaaft  huai- 
ness  transactioM.  It  beiag  one  of  the  few 
books  allowed  in  casea  of  flmwitioa  care  auHt 
be  taken  in  naUng  tha  racoraa  lo  that  an  en- 
tire stranger,  fagr  tmAbm  them,  would  under- 
stand fUljr  the  natare  or  the  twmadioM.  No 
erasurea  are  allowabl*  ia  this  book.  If  a  mia- 
take  it  BMMto,  either  ia  words  or  figniea,  draw 
a  line  thraugjh  it  with  red  ink,  and  idaoe  the 
oorrectioa  abo««.  Do  not  raaKmi  the  (Hior) 
•nb_caaoel  to  eflbet 

Tht  ^(Nvrm/isabook  ia  whidi  ti»t  tnuM> 
actioas  reooidad  ia  the  dar  book  are  prepared 
for  the  ledger,  Bf  deteraiiinng  thepraper  dcfaita 
and  credits  uA  tiieir  aamak  Tua  procesa  is 
callad  ionmalliiag,  and  is,  in  iisct,  the  sdenoe 
of  doubla  eatrr  bodit-kMpiac. 

7X«  Z«^  IS  the  gineial  !!i||istflr  ia  abstract 
of  aU  the  debits  and  credita,  amaged  ia 
nrsteoMtic  order  uader  th«irif|Hroptiate  heads. 
From  this  book  the  lerchaat  caa  readily  aacer- 
tain  the  itata  of  hit  busiaem  aiUn,  as  wall  aa 
his  rebtkms  to  penona  «ith  whom  he  is  doing 
basinem. 

TV  GmA  .Aa«l^  ia  iriiidi  is  ciMerad  aB  calk 
receivud  or  paid  oat  at  the  time  of  oodbaooe. 
Be  carsfU  ta^giva  ltedala»aea«oouvltoba 
debitad  .at  vt^Vvi^i  1^*  *ii^f  iw*Vf ,  wwl  tlMf 
amoant  of  aadi  catty.  Ia  actual  buiiaam  It  is 
nswrily  balanced  aiary  aidtt,  th*  bafamca 
agreeiag  with  ih»  aatoaat  «  oiah  on  haad* 
added  to  Ika  baidt  bataMMa.  if  a  haak  aoeonat 
is  kept 

TiMfa  m  torn  dMaet  claaaaa  of  a«- 
.  via.,  ladividaal,  NfffapMdllive  ttiip- 


eouMjm.,  ladiimaal, 
LoaaMlt  Oaia  Aacoaal 


chidwd  wlai  Oa  aolhaiity  to  iMiataia  a  Milt  at 
law;  tliqrladadaafl(MWMaarid|pMM|M^)MdM» 
and  all  oofponta  ogaq 

JLmtmtl  Gtim  m*    

loascs  tmA^itumdfttuA  dhaot  la 
rqimieatawvalMh   Tndri»cfaaalMiai|f)Pklift 
and  Tuja,  f iilitwt,  fnaiailmfawi,  Tnwpiaiiini. 

thow  -tlat  naiaiiiiii4*'M'M*^:'<'-'li*MHl^Mi* 
wkaik  ikmn  iaa'ka  ii '  ' 


of  value.  aaGMh.BiUslUoa(vabla,Bllb  Psy 
able,  etc. 

ir<«mMUMkw  AwntAiMWafioouats  we  thai« 
which  lepresent  vunc,  bat  aa  whkh  voa  auj 
nin  or  loses  as  Merchaadiao,  Real  B«U(e, 
Perscoal  Proseity,  Shipments.  Shipaiaat  Com- 
paaioB,  Mernaadtta  Compaaua,  ud  all  kind* 
oi  Corporatkm  stocks. 

MBRCANTILB  DBPIMITIONB. 

See  '•  Pnctkal  Kule^"  betow. 


The  priactpal  kinds  of  heiiaam  «wcr  ia 
Bills  of  Bwthamw  ifpralfi 


aad  Inhmd),  Notaa,  Checks,  and  Roaeipk 

Am  Attmrnt  Quvmt  k  a  atiMMnt  of  the 
mereaatUa  twasactinat  of  oaa  mmou  with 
aaother,  dnwa  oat  ia  the  bna  of  Dr.  aikl  Cr., 
deaUag  oaly  widi  gram  same,  aad  is  aa  met 
copy  of  dw  petwaai  aoooant  fcaad  la  the 
leoger. 

Am  Attmm$  Saki  is aitaiamaat  of  all  ths 
details  ooaoamiiw  aa  iatfvidaal  lot  of  goods. 
It  is  disdngaiahea  from  aa  aceoant  aaneat  l)y 
theae  three paidcalant  i.  Tha  aooouat  current 
ia  widi  aa  ladiTklaaL  The aooouat  salmis  of 
a  particular  kit  of  goods,  a.  The  aocoaat  ca^ 
rent  (•itoIvm  net  suma.  The  aeeoaM  sales 
prcseats  itCBM  ia  detail.  3.  Um  aeeoaat  CB^ 
rent  Bunr  faivolTt  the  praciKi  of  maap  aoooant 
sales,  and  aU  tnasacdow  widi  aa  iadMdaal, 
whedmr  arjaing  turn  dM  mla  of  hb  goads  or 
not.  The  unfimnt  salm  is  Haitt^  to  aa  twiwii»* 
of  dMtraaaacdoHiaiiaiflf  CnmdMialaefcat 
ktof  fooda. 

A  Mia  4f  JBrnckm^  k  a  writtM  arte  or 
ratfumt  from  oae  peieaa  ta  aaothe^jmirtag 

oertaia  cam  of  money  dMraia  aamad.  Whca 
divwB  ia  oiw.oaaatiT  (or  State)  and  pmhie 
in  aaothm.  It  ia  caDad  a  fiDNiga  hOL  Whw 
dmwa  aad  parabla  ia  tha  mata  ooaulnr  (or 
State)  it  h  ttdlad  aa  iakmd  hU,  or  aoM  fit- 
qaaaOv  a  diafk.  It  ga—aHy  Is.  aad  la  ba  ae. 
godable,  it  mail  h^nmda  pasaUa  ta  -mim" 
orxbearer."  TIm  pomaa  idbo  dnwa  dM  hill 
ia  called  the  dniMV}  %  panott  oa  wlMaik  k 

after  aoasotaacab  Aa  njjfflwtiTT.  Tha  piihh  to 
whom  the  oMaey  b  Jiraatad  to  ba  ||laid  k 

A  MmVjhkk  k  aa  aeeoaod  of  gaadi 
■Ma*  gnaa  ay  dm  cMMr  to  vw  bwaiv  MH''''' 
iiy^maii^  aiid  pilam  af  dm  aMMjMriik 

bairic.  or  .BMeiM  deiic  kaiUag  nmlaMlt  ■■*■ 
lagttoMyto  *  — ».-— 7-7-P- 


n 


a  dwhr  hpaJi,  payaWa  X'JJJP' 


n9  wMHffHW  S  Ml 

tokii 


olfgoadi^iaMli; 
ths 


Mt  apoit  «r  na  daMaaad 
]ar&4ifl^tt*aamttf 


Bilk  lUoalTOhit,  BUk  Pay 

iNwAiMwMOoaati  wa  UtoM 
Inc,  b«t  OB  whkli  ms  uuy 
lltTchuuUM.  RmI  Emmc, 
SUpmrati.  SkipMat  Com- 
w  Ci>m|NUUaB(  ud  all  Undi 

LB  DBPINITIOMB. 

Ulw,"  iMlaw. 

Jnds  of  bari—  fuptr  li 

lUk  of  Wwdwy  (niraiiii 

I,  OhbIb^  uA  KMtipii. 
rrwM  to  •  aMMMM  of  iIm 
Itow  of  OM  ptnon  witk 
I  is  tiM  font  of  Dr.  and  Cr., 
p«HMnM^«Ml  to  w  «MI 
mi  fHHWwffit  imd  ht  thi 


*tbailalaMiit«raU  Dm 
•a  iadifidMl  lot  of  goodi. 
Iran  •■  acBOMHt  mutmU  hy 
■nt  I.  Th*  Moont  ewnM 
aL  TlMaooowitialMhaf 
loodi.    t.  Tha  afloowft  cw^ 

■taU.  3.  Tha  aeeowt  el^ 
w  nraoaKU  of  aHHW  Momut 
■atfioMvMiaaiadlvklaal. 
mttaaal*  of  Uigoodaor 
mIm  to  Itaitad  to  as  aoeonu 
aitolag  6am  ttoa  mIb  «f  OM 


to  ft  WfttfeM 

to  ftMthafi 


oidaror 


a 
Wlm 

B'  (or  Smm)  and  pmbk 
a  teaigB  MIL  ^IVlMa 
I*  te  dw  aaaM  oonby  (or 
8ft  fariand  MO,  «r  MM  fit- 
t  itftwaHy  to,  «ftd  to  ba  na- 
iiftada  fa|fthi«to''flidor" 
ipanaawtoodiKwathaliUl 
»)  ll^paiaoaoB«^Matkh 

MM^Mtor.    Tka  paraoftto 
to^ifamMd  to  ba  jjtoid  to 


ft  to  aa  aAeoMat  ef  foodi 
aaltorto  A*  bftyr,  ttmh 
jdfitaaarfthaaKMft^srtlk 

1^^  pi^WMv  ■(■|nift 

rti  toMdwbAaidai 


of  faodt  anft  I17 
tha 


I 


afllMltMWI»«lill«» 


ACXX)UNT8. 


J  to  tiaaifiminc  tha  ioftnal  daUla  and 
tftdta  totkair  proper  pUco  in  Uw  lodger. 

A  Prtmiutry  Jvtt*  to  a  proatoe.  in  writlftg, 
k»  pay  a  apadftod  ram  at  a  UaMlhorein  Uadtad, 
or  Oft  daaMwd,  or  at  liglit,  to  a  parM»  thareia 
named,  or  to  hto  order,  or  to  Ibo  ooarer. 

A  MmMi/t  to  a  writiac  ackaowledfiaf  tha 
noe^  of  aMneyor  aajr  otlMr  kiad  of  propntjr. 

A  THto/ JMMMltaayMaautkarraagonaat 
of  dM  ladfer  aeoovnto,  witk  tkair  proper  debit 
■ad  oradit  tetato,  auuie  fcr  Ihenupoae  of  aaoer- 
lainliw  if  dM  deblti  aad  eroAto  of  tha  todgar 
u«  eqaal  or  balaace. 

PRACTICAL  mULBt. 

Sat  ••  Metcantile  I>efleitk>ai,"  abo««. 

Anal.  Tbe  debtor  aide  ikowa  tka  aatoaal 
depoaitad.  Tbe  credit  aide  the  aaMvat  diawa 
oat    It  «n»liy  eloaea  ••  By  faataaee." 

A  MiUt  PufMi  to  a  writtm  obUgadoa  fior 
the  aaooaditbMal  payaait  of  ft  caitiAi  mob  of 
moaajr,  at  a  eoitrift  tuw  to  a  eaita<*i  panoe,  hto 


witkoat  Uitaraat,  tontod  hf 
youndf,  md  payable  by  yoa  bv  viitae  of  ywnr 
trrittaa  pioaMa  ooatainad  ia  it.  At  tha  ttaaa 
of  coaMaeacitit  badwaaa,  bilto  payable  aoooaat 
»iU  ba  ewdtead  Car  aU  aotai  aad  aeoaptaacea 
ottMaadiBf^  aad  dariag  tka  bwiaam  fcr  aO 
notaa  aad  aocaiilaaeaa  iaaaad  bjr  dM  aMrdMat- 
IttodMiadfbranradaanad.    tlMdlieraaoa 


ihowa  tka  aiMomt  adn  a«tolaadfa«.    Itahraya 
dgtaa  "TabakuMM.** 

il  J«ft  #M*wMr  to  a  writtea  oUkadoa  far 
tbe  uaaoadidoaal  paywtof  a  vartata  aua  of 
moeey,  M  •  oartatai  tfaaa  to  a  oartoriB  peraoa,  kto 
order  or  boaiar,  irttkoal  latoiait,  iaaaad  by  aajr 
uae  bat  yoaiato;  aad  peiabla  toyoabgrvbtaa 
ofdMi^llairp«iatoa«Mtaiaadkik.  BUla 
iccaivaklaaaeaMrtto  drtitod  faraU  aolaaaad 
draftaaa  kaad  at  liumiarlM  baaiaaai,  aad 
ibr  aO  laeatvad  dariag  tka  fcaiaaai  It  to 
oedhodlbrallBBMadiridu  neUBMWoato 
Ike  oMaat  adfihaM.    It  ahrajfa  ohtaaa  «  9y 


CtoHl  to  a  aoB-aaacatodi — , 

coaat.    Tha  debtoraldt  ahewt  Om 
lecalMdi  dM.cradk tide dMaawaataaid oat; 
aaddwdilbrnefttodMaiMaatflahBad.    It 

4  ChmAaMMMf  to  a  aana  giT«B  tofoadifa* 


calv#«»to^MMaa  aaeoaai  of  the  dripper, 
aadiTftliiUL  Ufa  dddlad  fcr  aU  akama 
whaii  mihii,  anT  jvaditad  far  all  mOmu 
Whi  ill  Mtiiiaal  win  toraadawd,  it  to  d<dtad 
fcr  a  iiiiMiiii!  riJMito,  wd  far  dtoddppai^ 

ThapMoBifhaiaeawaaftoaa- 

I:  fc  adhd  dM  oaai^PMai 
y^ljaiiHnipt to  MM wlOt  jK 
I  lii  &  ttAfftrlM  kumnad.  tiwi  akhii  1 
ratttm  li'«MMid»  tacli.  li  dMi-'Mi%  al 
teal.rt%    tf^k  «fcHd  «•  %  fNit  Ma  llto." 

nm^-^  ft  li  ttak^STfaTdto  oott  «jf  aMr- 

rtuMUliib  ni^mM  uTiammmlMb  aki  far  aO 
liaiiii  aJ  Jteh^iJimlWM.  w^ciaffltaAjM: fit 

uMtte'lOiiMH'  imiwtoi  dM  todw wM ki 


gain  or  loaa  gain  when  ihe  prodactioa  or 
credit  tide  exceeds  the  coat,  and  Ioh  whea  Ike 
coet  or  debtor  side  exceeds  the  production.  To 
fiad  Ike  gain  wken  the  mercluuidise  has  not  all 
been  sold,  add  the  in  venlory  to  Ihe  lalet  or  credit 
side,  and  tnm  tbto  sum  lubatiact  the  coat  or 
debtor  aidet  tbe  reoMinder  will  be  gain.  Ii  is 
doaed  "  To  "er"  By  profit  and  kMS>  Should 
dM  debtor  aide  be  greater  than  tbe  creditor,  tbe 
differeaca  betwoea  tkem  will  be  loes. 

Real  eatate,  penoaal  i^ropeity,  corporatioa 
Mocks,  aad  all  specalative  acoouaia  are  treated 
precisely  as  oMrchaadiae. 

Mtrtkmmdi**  CmmfM^  to  a  name  gired  to 
fDoda  raceiTed  to  be  aold  on  joiat  accoant  and 
risk.  When  reMrad,  it  to  aude  debtor  for 
dM  oonaifMe'a  bMareat  aad  all  dMrgea.  It  is 
credited  tor  all  aalaa,  aad  at  tbe  dBM  of  render- 
ii^  aa  aoooaat  aaki,  to  dddtcd  far  all  aapoated 
ckaigM  Mtd  dM  ■k^wi'a  not  praceeda.  1 

/Vgk/«M/Z«t  aoooaat  to  dddladifidi  aU 
loaaaa  1^  cradttad  witk  all  oaiaa.  TkadUiiBr- 
oncetotkeaotiidBarloM.  Tttodaaod«To" 
«r  **  Byateck." 

i<  j»y«»flar  to  a  aotoa  gtrea  to  gqoda  ddpped 
to  ke  aotd  OB  aoooaat  of  tka  akippar.aad  at  kto 
rtok.  IttoBMidedditorfar^eoatoftkeaMr- 
ckaadiaa  aaat.  aad  all  tipeaaea  biearrad  at  Um 
dBM  of  tfdppbm.  It  to  eradiud  for  dM  net 
praeeedswhaB  OB  aoooaat  aaloa  to  raoaivad.  It 
to  ckMwd  ••  To"  «r  ••  By  profit  aad  kMB,"  if  aa 
acooaat  aalaa  has  heao  noai7ed,bat  if  aot,  it  to 
Gteditod  for  iti  fall  coat  Tbe  peraoa  skipping 
Ike  goods  to  caOod  the  akipper  or  consignor. 

SUfmtHt  Qm^atw  iMreaanta  tke  Aipoer^ 
tntetest  ia  gooda  skipped  to  be  sold  on  Joint 
acooaat  aad  risk.  It  to  oiada  dd)tor  far  bto 
iateraat  at  tbe  daae  of  akipplng,  and  creditor 
for  kto  aat  noeaada  wkea  aa  acooaat  aalaa  to 
looaivad.    fttodoaadtkeaaoMaaaskfawMat 

Shtk  lanraaaato  ihe  asarAaat  or  atockholdar, 
aad  to  BMde  dahtor  focwkat  dM  boalaeaa  bmb 
oar*  OB  BOBMiriwriBt  basiaoaa,  far  aU  same 
iddMlnMm,  aad  at  dM  daM  of  ebMfaM,  far  all 
kMaaa  dMt  kara  occanod  dariag  tbe  hariaaWi 
IttoaradttodfaraB  aaaa  fanrotted,  aad  for  all 
gafaM.  Ittodoaed«To''«r'<BybabHioa;'' 
«To  bakace**  aboariiM  tke  net  capital,  aad 
«  By  balaaoa  **  dM  act  fiaolreacy. 

JOUBNAUXINO. 

JoaraaUriagaagf  ba.«Bd  oAaa  to,deBa«idh* 
oataJoanMl.  Oat  JoanHUaea wbea ob kaar> 
b^  of^oc  laadtai;  ft  barinaas  traaaaetioB  ka  da- 
temdaaa  dMt  oattin  ako<dd  b«  aMde  on  eeitaki 
■Idaaaf  cattafaiMltBr  aeeooato.  Tka  faada- 
aMalalhnr  af)M&Briag  to  dnt  eiacdv  aa 
nodiikattba  plas«l  oa  dM  Dr.  side  of  die 
ledger  aafoaaaadM  O.  aide,  aad  eucttyas 
maekarart  b*  pktoad.oa  tke  Or.  aide  aa  goes 
oaa«I>r.liAj.  AaAao  badBOM  traaoacdoB 
«aa  be  knoiMM  bmlddb  MH*  of  dba  parilaa  to 
it  doaa  sol  aMMT  Mmdve  aoMcdda^  or  aoose- 
body  or  tkhw  kaa  eoat  Uib  vdaa,  Maf  at  tka 
JMtaaltoliuiiMai  of  Aa  wittoa  to  tetiaaaacHon 
lato  iMftiad  widi  DoaMftiafe  atatBaAadly  or 


ACCOUNTS. 


MCinm  OK  WIIATf.TU 
COnt  VALITB. 
ailOIT  THB  THINO  FARTtD  WITH  Ok  WtU7> 

■VBK  ritoDUcn  valui. 

CLOMNO  A  LBDOBK. 

Qoiiiig  tlw  Itdfar  i<  mding  Um  cwrmt  coa- 
diUon  of  aU  Um  Ladatr  utprnti.  Is  Um  pn>- 
caw,  all  tha  gaina  and  lonaa  tkat  hava  occKfrad 
In  tha  bailaaaa  an  gatharad  toaatliar  in  tlia 
*nofit  and  Loaa"  account  ana  tkare  dini' 
pMrad.  Tha  gaina  am  pkwad  upon  tiia  cvnHt 
aidai  tiMloaaaa  oQtlMdaiiltaida.  Whan  tha 
credit  aide  ia  thn  graatar  tha  aoooont  ia  cloiad 
"To  KotAtVi  and  ihoara  a  not  gain.  Tlw 
oppoaita  anttjr "  Bjr  profit  and*laaB'^la  mada  in 
tha  Stock  aoeonnt.  and  inewniM  tta  capita.. 
Whati  tha  dahtor  f4d«  ia  tha  giwlar  tha  aaoouii 
iacIoaad«BfatDdi."aidaha«aan«tloiB.  Tha 
oppoaitc  aiMiy  «<  To  pfait  and  loaa  "  ia  OMda  in 
tha  Stoolc  aooonat,  aai  daennaaa  tha  cmiitaL 

AbalancaalMat  la  a  ijilBwall 
of  tha  NMWwi  nwS  HahilitiM  of  n 


*  tawM,  hanca  IVnfit  ntx^  T.o«  ncrimnt  will  Khnw 
loaaaa  on  tha  Dr.  lida,  and  gaina  on  tha  Cr. 


I.  Taka  a  trial  hdaneot  if  it  ahowa  tha  total 
of  iha  ladanr  dabita  aqwd  to  tha  total  of  tha 
ledjnr  aWBta.  proooad  aa  ditaetad  balonr. 

11  tha  totala  nfamd  to  ahova  ai»  act  aqnal« 
ra-add  ««ch  jonraal  eoliaui  to  aa«  if  tha  ddUta 
and  eradito  an  aqnnl  Ihcrat  If  tha  wMakt  ba 
undiM»«irad  TCi;  m-$M  t|i«  ladgar  ddiita  and 
aodita,  and  ii^thU  doaa  not  rvred  dw  aiiatalca, 
esaadna  aaoh  iaitviinal  poat  Anai  tha  jonmal, 
and  dMck  it  whan  aanwt  Tha  aistike  in 
jtMt  trial  halanca  Mtnt  ap!iM  from  fimlqp  work 
in  ona  of  thaaa  dma  itona,  fai  amiy  eaanwhare 
tha  ladgar  oontaiaa  no  aattor  fwoapting  what 
waapotHdihmthejaHrMiL  An|OMCaa(ind 
tha  mbtakn  who  enn  natfenti  andi  work  (add- 
ing and  tMafariaf)  eamcOp^  M  ha  who 
fiaia  Aa  nialaka  tdD  fad  it  ia  a»t  of  thaaa 
thnadacaa. 

a.  Taka  aa  InyaBtnqr,  and  endit  Aa  Spaea- 
lativa  Rqinaantativi  aacttoalaiH' thairnapae- 
ttva  ma/aata  "%  halMica,'*  aad  audta  tlw 
oppoaite  or  debit  mrinttaJMhaieaaeeoBa^ 
which  opaa. 

3  Ooaa  all  Spaealativa  Scpraaaatatla*  a»> 
eoants  «To  or  bf  prate  and  laaa,*'  aMddaf 
oppoaita  aatrilaa  in  Frait  aad  Itaaa  aeeoaat 

4.  doM  I^rait  aiid  Loni  aoeigaat  '•To  or  br 


5.  GottBwacawidi^flwilfBtacaoaittaoartaio 
ebaad  aad  doaa  it,  and  all  oOam  wtidkmt, 
••To<trbybalaaee,*^ataU9t  Cha  oppiiilta  aa- 
Hsa  ia  Salanea  aooeoat 


An  dating  mUimtmuk  ba  ^lade  ta  rad  ial^ 
The  suttiea  wAmmtmi,  aptwirita  aad  «0R*^ 
niaa«taf  t»  flw  tMtm  anei,  tafledwr  wifll 
footia|K,wiltabi1iM(&k.    Aceoaatsaloeiac 

"To  liAnea**^ahaw  ll«bti|iai,  Umm  doataf 
••%bdaae«**aaiM»  or  iMoanaa,  hcne*  %P 
aaoa-  aecaaat  i»tt'  .lAttw  laMweaa  oa  ilam. 
rfda  aadliatai^  ail  Iba  Cr.  aida. 

-  -^saaHla''c»«itt«l*»- weit-.aiia  hm^ 
ahow  gain^  Ooaa  <ifai«(  «•  %lpiiit  afed  lM< 


Whan  tiM  difaetion  givaa  raquirea  aa  account 
doaad  "  To  or  bv  anothar."  doaa  It '  To  (he 
other  "  if  tba  debit  aida  ia  tha  Iaai«,  and  "  By 
tha  other  "  when  the  Cr.  aide  ia  the  leaat. 

Tb<ire  are  bat  three  general  waya  of  cloaing 
accoatfti  I  ••  To  or  by  profit  and  l«u,"  bv  whicb 
dl  the  gaina  and  loiaea  are  collected  in  Profit 
aad  Loaa  aeooaatt  "To  or  bf  nock,"  faw 
w^ldi  tiM  Let  gate  or  km  ia  taken  to  tba  Qmi- 
tal  acconati  aad  "To  or  by  faakinca,"  h^ 
which  dl  tha  Naoarcea  and  liabilkiaa  an 
gathksred  together  in  the  Balance  acooaat 

If  no  niitake  ii  aude  la  doaing  tha  ledger 
tha  two  aidaa  of  Baiaaoa  acconat  will  ba  aqod, 
for  ia  pro^MHrity  the  Dr.  aide  coaipriaea  dl  the 
raaoanaa  of  tha  baaiaaaa  awn,  ana  tha  Cr.  tide 
dl  kia  UahiUtiaa  cm^  Ua  net  capMal-tha  act 
caaitd  baiag  tha  exeaia  of  reaotareaa  over  lia- 
faiultei.  AAd  dw  aat  capital  properly  appaan 
aawag  Aa  UabOitiaa.  aa  the  booln  araordie 
baainaia,  aad  ahow  that  Aa  badaaa  owaa  Ae 
BMrdwat  whatatar  ha  baa  iavaatad  ia  it  St 
in  advanitT  the  Dr.  aida  of  Balance  acconat 

ooaaiata  of  Aa  raaoaicaa  aad  tha  aet  imolvaaqr 
aad  Aa  Cr.  dda  of  tha  liaUHtiaa-the  nal  in- 
advaacy  baii«  the  exoaia  of  tha  Habilitiaa  over 
naoareaa.  Aad- tha  net  ipaolTancy  properiy 
appaara  anoag  the  naoanea,  aa  the  a>«eha« 
aaada  to  pagr  or  ntwida  tha  baainaaa  wiA  what 
it  owaa  beyond  Ha  abiUtjr  to  diacliarge. 


n*  tedptr  h  Iha  fftac^  aeiaaBt  book.  ■■«  at  an 
kw  boAi  aiji  wIiiiwImh  m  h.itaaaaMprovarikat 
tiWa akouM ha tkatwt.1  ■ftci mUtni.  UtTSSimki 
afcalt  fcr  a  pmm  wfca baa  —  ftaataaa  taaalalai  at 
dM  atilian  »  mMmmChm  aaa  «r  lH«iiaM  aT tfw 
Mw«al  erda»«o«k  wmHIm  ia  aMdaaaquafiiMiwIili 
Am  aaMM  area  aaa  ar  ika  MiW. 

iRMiMaw  ia  Ifcaljafc  af  jwawaa.  lalo  k  am 
aMDMraOf  raacoaaaaaa4fevai.ilia  vttriaa  aanialnad  in 
aj^  a<wr  ^ift.  Jtmrf  waaiiySa  awat^  eaiBa  >a 

•■sfVHMktfNBMiNQrM|9itWMicl  10  AvtU  wnuntufn  BM 
dMi  lav  dM  ItdMH*  * 

Wwt  iMn  ptlton  WB0  MCMMI  IMlMpI 

m4  dw*!*  aai vSm'^fmST' 


'fM^p'4, 

aoaa  waaia  wp  wm^  wmn  jm ^ 

ssT^sffiniSb;^ 

aNK  OnNI^  won  mm  ••>■•  fc#  WWct  W#  WWMBll 

(Aaiia^ite-wSali  he  aaaii  aaj^waai 

aaat  M'ailiMvdataariaa  at  Mwwaa  i 


.mWm\ 


Bfl  T.o»«  ncronnt  will  iihow 
d«,  and  g*im  on  tha  Cr. 

I  givaa  nquinM  u  account 
nothar,"  cloaa  il '  To  the 
lida  te  the  laaal,  and  ••  By 

Cr.  lida  la  the  Jaaai. 
a  gatiaral  way*  of  cloaing 
prafii  and  Iota,"  b«  which 
■aaa  an  collactad  m  Profit 

"To  or  by  atocfc."  fav 
r  loM  ia  taken  to  tha  Qmi- 
'To  or  bjr  balanct."  b) 
Bicaa  aiul  UaUI'.4iaa  are 
dM  Balance  acooant 
Bade  (a  doainf  tha  ledger 
oca  accoant  will  be  equal. 


Dr.  aide  conpriaea  all'  the 
idtheCr. 


aide 

tf  Ua  net  captel— tha  act 
icaaa  of  raapi«roaa  over  Ua- 
It  ca|)ltal  praaarlf  appean 
I,  aa  the  Boolca  are  oi  the 
iiU  dM  bmiBaai  ovea  the 
Im  baa  invealad  in  it  8« 
.aide  of  Balance  aecoaoC 
eea  and  the  net  imolveaqr 
Ihe  UaUUtiwi-the  net  in- 
icaMofthsHabilitiaaom 
)  net  iiMolvencf  properly 
waoMCea,  aa  the  matcha* 
Ida  Ihe  bnainoaa  with  what 
il%  to  diachaiie. 


■dpaTaMMM  book,  ani  aa  an 
Ml  la  w.  Il  aa— w  arapar  thai 

'Maiaa  paavlaan  haswIaaBi  01 

id  dM  Mia  or  laaguaM  «r  dw 

in  ba  la  awdaaaqiwfiiMd  with 

iWiw. 

wh  «f  aaaanei*.    lajy  It  are 

laaaid  la  aaeid  anaiaaad  Aa 
■ka  Aa  aalrfaa,  al  ttwiadMr 

9  molt  aad  we  laaBaacilaHL  aa 


id,aaacaMBaiai 

"aMMaai  aa  aami 
I  baaitwir 
iMiaaiaL. 

laaMHawt' 
aalifaaaM 
awaacaiaba  1 

rbtMNaM. 


wt» 


Mdy  Mrihar  al  dia  IMnwa- 

um  fill  mW^  tj  wmyi'ti 

kha'  nwia  m%  «k«^--.^- 
NMaika  at  narllM  dwdMhs 


« la^i 


ACCOUNTS. 


cmau 

•hkh 

MpMaM  aeeaaal  la  tha  Maar,  ilw  m 
umI  la  aada  Or.  fcr  wImi  it  coMi  m* 


wImb  ••  bay,  ami 


«M*<llalia 


aMUiaiiJt 

:7 


Id  UlMlMli  dM 


MfW  ID  HMHRwS  IM 

KladMlS&rMl 
iaMaM,llNOr.dMaar 


ArAwtte.    WImm aa ladKrMaai 

dibiad  M  aa  far  laadi  noU  m  Uai  aa  cMdk,  ar  hr  aaj^ 
awaw  aaida  by  aa  »•  MqaMata  oar  lailihladMaa  W  itai, 
nick  aaba  ar  fayaaaMa  aaat  ba  aaMtad  apaa  dM  Or. 
•Ma  af  Ma  aaoaaai  hiaaan  ba  a«aa  aa  Mr  thaa,  aad 

WKw  WPFVB.  wWMi  m  MCOHM  IMWHHI  W  Wi  BiHviailBI 

for  aoaaa  aaani  wbm  alai  oa  aiaall.  af  fer 
nMivad  ftwa  Mai  la  W»dda>«  Mi  ii 

Cr.  Ja 

Tha 

tIi. :  " 

Tilua 

MO  arllaaaar  ar  wlMlaw  anafi  aa  la  vaiaa  av 
out  af  dabt.  ar  aaaMa  aaiaaaa  lo  I 
InlhaMpr.  ^^ 

ioramlw  fMaana.  CaraMy 
and  Maw  k  M  ka  prapar  aaaai 
tiaaifla  aHaM  aeaanr  lara  1 
one  aad  dM  Cr.  alda  ar  aaaika 

nNra|MMM  to  iba  wdaa  af  |i,>w. 
Ia  ihii  anampla  ar  Maaaailaf  wa  bay  a  aaitila  hM 
of  |ii  njnr  aaHail  aMiafcaadlaa.  tar  aiblah  wa  1— Ja  ddn 

to  R.  wvMa.  aad  Mwarlaf  aui  araal  baa  ainaflr  baaa 
mM.  are  aMi  la  tta  atafcoaaMaa  aaaaeaa  H|  mm  lanBw. 
and  wandb  Dr.  ■IdawaaaiarlhadMa.Tkarbaaiara 
ova  ibr  dM  awwlianillaa,  via.,  R.  nraak  and  dM 
MMttat  t)t,|a^aad  liii  aMibaOr.  ylda  af  K.  aaaaa' 

Or.  aiffS.  •SaiTdBbMEia,  afar  dMakoMMarM); 

ihaOr. 

0' 

Janniytg. 

bMaaaaan 

lanwaayifc 


Jaaaa  on  aaaaaM,  aa  ydk 

M  aa,  ihadaia,  Tk  MM 
w  aaaaearbaaBBia  It  «aa 


eAmnmil  bmi  bmqmdm  mi  HM  MBQIWK  HMK  JdM 

a.;»;^t3ivl&i^^ 


rabraety  la.    Kiadaii  ftaai  Jahn  Ji 

f'S- 
n  iMi  aaaaipla  ara  raoaiaa  praparty  aaia 
•ad  aa  all  pwipwiy  arlMa  lacaivad  la  daUlatl. 


HIa 
Mo,  hM  dMI  ba  «aaM  aa  III. 
Pabmary  m.    Raaaivadftooi  Wm.  SaiUh  aa 


ba  awaaaa 


JiMoaB.    wS^flSm^m. ■adtb'ia^CSn 
eaaai  la  daia.4iM.ai. 


balaaoa  bla  atr* 
wnan  wraiu  eMMn  raaaivaa  anoti 


ladda , 

ftii  dii  lidl- 1£  ibi  In  i  illui  iif 

Iq  al  aaa«  aMnaiaUlaMM  bM  b  aurito  or  a  Maw- 


BiaaaaaMwII 


^balaariiV  a  

ndlae  an  OT  aa  aaeaaai  dividn 
laaaaiaM  Iraaiiaa  aaw  ar  aa- 


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ilMiWMvtag  " 


Dr.     Or. 


MMm.To 


Sam  Cm 
rt«  T*  Mite.t 


TWO  ••  now  v«Wtf». 


Th* booh IbrlMi  ■wpoM  II caMd IM « 
■M  M  It  «d«4  tha  botltr,  m4  ^  o«kM*  • 
la  It  M«  wMnd.  la  ik*  afdw  af  OmIt 


iicaa«lllM*qrkMk|bf 

•  •MMMok. 


nalM,  MMl  M  h  h  ilM  «5yko»ii  attMMd  M  W  rmiund 
M  mMmw*  la  •  lak  at  law  (that  k.  «hM  iIm  mmhu 
tfoiwawaot<i»l4»J>*f— i«»tial>oa>a),talai»bould 


I,  ami 

MMt, 

tnlUR( 


^•M  iiaaiiiag  la  Um  tow  af  HMMjr, 
MMte  woSdV  airahM  If  all  huatim 

m  wtM m  pai'iljMW  aaJ laha, ywaiat, 

by  aani  miiMaiad  aafty  aa  laatt  aa  vast*  

Tkh,  of  ««ii«a, Ma  ba  4Ma  la  Saiqr  haih.  '  Tba 
Ma tMMMba  10 awMrifyb  wyaaaertwi te aa iiaribi or 

laaafLd  wmmM  M  a  il^  iwJSSb  •iSaZt  iBaaM  7 
l^MMry ,  la  caaa  yau  aiwa  la  iM  iMwa  waad  ^  law 

iTi  aHMM  at'iataiBiilai  aai  k  alowad  I*  (Ma  booh, 
■aibaiwaaM  wok  mipldgaa  aad  at  aaaa  tenvy  Im 
iiwiHi|i  aa  «»««iBi.  y  M  It  ba  dBiawmidwa  a  waai- 

MCMH  MMI  MMI  MNMwI  HMOVMOlIt*  I  MM  MVMT  HMMlM  M 


Mti  iha  kna, ate^ af  iSbMiii.  IiwOi  ba  <  , 
ttat  dM  taai  MWy  Mhv  »««i  iIm  adian  hi  iiM  h  Im 
Mvana  kta*  afm*Am  rccoitfta.  wUa  Ml  It  Um 
tat%  tba  tawtr  athaM  «f  dM  nra  tl|M>aatf  eWMni  It 
ata<|br>hataaia<tatbn|>aniialitat,aa<ibai— laitl 
af  ai  iha  iHMt  ilMa  «anMl  (o  Ifca  aMtr  athaaai. 
Wha«  NMra  la  bat  aat  Mtai  hi  iha  irawaattlt*.  lh« 
lai  laat  It  taititJ  ealy  la  iht  aitr  winitaa  at  hi  ti  ib« 


oaiyi 
£«ilatt. 


lli<t<1Tiir-  " 
luBi  ill"btilL' 

SaMMi  fa  VMAiMag  *M>  »  «H  M|«ir< 


■a"}  af  R.  InM  aa  a^t. 


laMW«. 


rfair., . 


Ha  Johai  Jaati  M  at^t^ 

tayifcfci£aMt.,#^, 

ywa*  ■■■•  Mw*  MaWi 


nr-L"?"'"''' 


•ii« 


•  fTie 


B^ttfR.  Bvaataaae*!, 
litM.aaHrte*.,   .    . 


M4 1.  Maa  aa  aa't.  aath, 

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ttr.Md  b|r  eOMf*  ■  •MMkoek. 
iIm  aRUr  M  tlMtr  ■cwwuii, 

ity  iovh  allMrMl  M  ba  rmhicMl 

b«r  (Umi  b.  wkM  tlM  mmiu:. 
rMlw«CT^WMi),»aMtikaulil 
Niv  tvwyiMM  fliwlii  1(1  ih« 
■  hm,  miIbIm.  grfo*.  •aMiw, 
lial  M  *fc> WW" Mfawliii Jim 
M  tnwra.  MMjrWMrwaMn- 
M«  of  MMMT,  MMMiM,  mad 
t  iflH  taf|iUM  mI  MNMMMt, 

I  hIm,  wm*jmmtitm  wiinac 
it*4Ma  to  SiWkMfc. 'Tkt 

(ifc  mJSc.  «rtw«p  i^M  7 

I  •«■  In  Ik*  itMN  ■HM  ^  law 

iMMt 


MtlaaaoMlhidriiboeli, 
MB  Mitf  at  MM  iMiiay  Im 
li  U  4ttMv«M«M»  mm- 


If  ita  wo  ri#M-kMd«iM 
>  iImi  MMr  «•!■ 


»iiih<l  lo 

m  turn  la  iIm  MmMMiwk 

la  dM  MMr  mImbm  ■»  M  •■ 


■ijl  RiBl^riMwiMirjKiy^^  y 


•aa^*!, 

via*... 


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Haramcytr  ft  Co.  datiJ 

ow  R.  kT  Bamki  * 
Co.  '^a  a«'»,  .... 

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Total  groM  walgiN  pt- 
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ItBva  AaM  aa  aa'i  eaL.. 
My  aoM^  4a4ay«  far 


ioid  HantM*  ft  fhaciMr, 

ii-klMto.  aat.tugar, 

i»ja    itia    I4fi    IJ04 

1414    •»•     IIM    •$■4 

Taul  pmt  wMgkt  t^ 
TMtaaM  at  loaajrt. 


SaM   Rubt  ThnMaaoa, 

Sbbk, «»  ,ujg^^ 
•7»»  owTi  «U.  •>■«    a)t 


)itM 


Mrdfarl^ILCaqiHi- 
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ACCOUNTS. 


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lltlclMr  lu  balanca  ac'l 

l~ --  —  t] 

Paid  lor  advariUing,    . 
■  ypotty  a«p. 


Paid  j.  Duna'i  UU  fer 
couatan,  ibalv'g,  darii, 
obaln,  aie. 

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Paid  Mndry  pally  aap. 

Invantory.  — 

Slora  and  lot,  .  tjo/ioo 
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8to«a  faniiaa,  ■  ty» 


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Slora  and  lot, 
Ca*b,      .    . 


BIIU  Mao^T^, !    ! 
ft  Itatcbar, 


Hanrlaoal 


Stock  To  Suadric*.  .    . 

KM.  BarMli  ft  Co., 

BIdM.  To  BMidriM.  .    . 


SS'sil:; 


BaadtlM  Ta^dH., .    . 

iSfe  kae^lbb.  : 
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BaadMa  To  BOb  Kae., 

hMwaaiaad  bUeoual, 


BOb  RacahraUa, . 


BBb  hyalta  To  Saadiiaa 
^laHiraai  aad  blaooiml. 


BBIa  Kacalrabla.Vo 

riaaa  ft  Vlatcftarf 


t'o  Har 


BUaPbyaUaToSoadriaa 
faMi.  .    .    ^ .    ■    . 


R.  MJlHMll  ft  Co.  To 


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3b 


'imm'« 


_!•»•.        


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iilt«*Mii 

mmt 


BUM ly,  M  wtt«4r' 


ilCKNU  W  LEUU  M  KNT. 


■mm  af 

(•■rUh,  lowi 


— ,  ally  (af  daMHmant,   4latriat, 
ra,  Mwnahla,  «r«M«r  //iw«  iMk^r*  /A« 

«^,«  toAw  rt«  atkmtm/K4imumt)  af .  aa. 

Tarrttary  af ,  ««jf,  aV),,  af  -— ,  m. 

fravtnaa  af  — -,  Damlaiaa  ml  — — ■  aM. 
Pert  af ,  Bmptre  of ,  at*. 

AlUr  luilng  ika  ytac*  whan  lk«  KliiwxrUdganat  li 
lalian,  iha  c«rtlAcaM,  Ilka  aay  o(h«r  liwIrumwM  M 
•lUiiii,  miMi  ha««  IM  c<iaii«arain«in.  ftaaaiplai  at 
■hlch  an  *•  felluvt  i 

lear«lfyUMt,a«a.,«r.- 

I  4a  karakjr  aartlfy  that  aa  tkia 4f  af , 

In  iIm  yaar  — .  bamra  tka  aubaarlkar,  •  — , 

•l(.,*r.' 

On  Ihla 4»f  af paraanatty  aMa«ra4 

bafera  na,  a Ighri^  ymr  ^(i»l  MU)  In  aa^ 

ror  aaM  amnty,  a«Ma  (ar  paraooaNy  apyaaiad) 
O.  Il.,au.,«r.- 

On  iMa 4ma  •! •  katera  na  (iba  imdar- 

tilMd)  0.:,  mJAt  ^fMml  Mk)  la  m4  far  aaM 
eaunty(or  diy,  ale.)  tajmm  (or  yanoaaOy  appaafod) 
0.  R.,ala.,«r.- 

I,  O.  K.,  a  — -  la  aa4  fcr  aaM  aauaty  (or  ally, 
•ic.)  4*  katabr  awttfr  aata  aU  whom  u  auiy 
aanaara  tkal  O.  K.  4m  thla  tey  aptfaar  kafera 

■a  II  roMaaikaratf,  Om*  aa  thla 4ay  af , 

bafara  nia.  O.  R..  a  (tAaMv  Mr  aaMr^  U  ^rr) 
IB  aa4  Cm  aaM  aaaa^,  tka  graataf*,  Q.  N.,  fTll., 
•lulR.  •,,ata.,«r.- 

ih!fx:;n?:Jir'  *^ '— ^  "'•^ 

AAar  raauaandng  iha  oarlilcataaa  abova  ladicaiad, 
li  te  MooMary  to  MaM  what  ika  party  apptarlng  ae- 
feraa  or  ttataaiaat  vary  la  iha  lilf- 
Clvaa  la  Um  Mawtag  pagai,  lo 


tnowkaanaat 

fcrrat  *  

•rhirh  yoa  ara  lafciail, 


In  orte  dkal  Iha  OMtUeala  tkal  ka  aadiariMU 

nfllctr 


laliva,  iba 


la  I 
In  I 


bava  any)  afla  hia  laal  i 
11m  eaadartaa  May  ha  that : 
Ohraa  aa4ar  aiy  Iiaa4  aa4  aaal  af 

OivMi  na4ar  mj  haad  aa4  aaal  thla  — »-  4ay 
of— ,#».• 

kaai'aliTOSelal  rr  aatarlal) aaXmVjr  aaX 
yaar  laiC  riMva  wtittaa  (#r,  tba tfav  ar — ), 


la  taatltaeay  wkaraaf.  I  kaya  aaaaai  Iha  aaal 

af  (Iha aa«tt)la  kaaifaM«  (at ^)ihla 

dayaf-— ,ar.- 
la 


Tka 


■ada  at  iha  bauoa  t(|^  lUia  tfOtitmu 


(«*«i  a  tad  la  raqafaad  by 
aif  witeia  at  iha  aad  ol  lifa 


Tha  aaal  ar  aa  aAetr  (mm  a  ta«  la  laoalMl  ky 
k,w).  U  a  anawl,  la  atauariyamitta  at  iha  aad  ol  A 


[Uai  M.K..Miqwrar — . 

J.r.,JiMliaaarthaVMMa.   lS*al] 
[L.t.]  N.V.,Ma«af7Vaklle. 
(Ua.J  P.  P.,  rriiMhn  Cmim  •tjitati  witt). 
CL.*.]   0.  C,  dart  af  tha --^Oaatt.«r  .- 

[U«.]  J.J.,Jadcaaf  tba Caart. 

[L.«.)  C.IK,OamlM*aaaf  ar  OaadalkrtlHi 

(L.  •.]  G.^1,         Mri  .AT  «M  Uattad  f  .  >i<«  af 


m-IUmJImm  ap^  to  narMk  vAt.  It  it  alM 
Ml  rMHij  Am  Iha  aarMaaia  rf  adwnwIihaiiBi  ot  iha 
d<rtpyjP>a<wy)twgr^aBlka«ljteatad^byaa>i%>or 

mM  anbaawMyaaBi  waa  ■atChihla  )>waMi,aad  Sat 

i 


ts 

>--«iaMaral  l^artN. 

rtfmitiUt  /•>'  I'lilrit  I  a/  I  ,>/»m 


AakMiaarl 

Kmtrtt  tug  Iht  Itrn 

,  «//  /Ar  .««/#<,  'Ttrtiltr,,,.  am4  (  «a.i^,( 


III    Ihit    ■l.llllualrilM- 

ilrawn  fhim  *  <.iim|Mrl- 


All  ■•ima    wonU,  •■d  |>hrM" 
aMnt  nri  >lcltlly  •taiiiiiiry,  *i< 

•on  iif  mil  Iha  aiitiiii**,  ami  whan  ihia  «■  lii»iwl«il||ni><it 
k  uaad  ll  ahmilil  h«  tilktr  in  c»nn«cli<iii  wllh  Ih*  par> 
llcuUr  auliiMa  r«aulallna  iha  Mrma  at  iha  u.linoi>lwla> 
nMiH  III  \jm  ukan  #r  •  ••(Mail  «i  \*twei 

III*  aacMMrily  Imia,  hui  aahlhlia  prai  lltally  nnd  la 
Iba  ■agrcaaM  iha  tartotM  malhnd*  iif  •acarlng  •  IVaa 
aad  r^uauiry  w^knowlatifaMni.  Than  la  no  n*< raaliy 
la  lu  uaoi  It  balaa  vuMonuiiy  In  uka  and  t.unl'orm  ilia 
achnowladCBMBl  ucordlna  in  iha  prnvltl.ina  of  iha  law 
of  Um  plaea  whan  tba  land  c«n««y«d  la  aliiialad 

■lata  («r  Bmpira  i  Kingdom  t  Perl;  Tarrilory 

af .mt  Ikt  f»t  m4tf  tt).     County  («r  City  i  0I» 

triat  I  PraWaaa,  au. ,  tu  Ikt  iom  mtn  t*)ol  — ,  aa. 

IharaMf  aartliy  t 

That  I  (mam*  i  ' 


J  iW.S.atfnadL 

Um  (abova,  «r  ■nnoaad,  <r  fcrafolng,  ar  within)  con< 
vayaaaa  («r  InainuBnni  of  wrlninw). 

that  aald  A.  ■.  and  W.  hIa  wift  ara  paraeaally 
hnawn  ta  ma  aa  tha  graafwa  la  aald  aonvayanca 
(»r  laMruaiam). 

Or.  That  aald  A.  B.  and  W.  hIa  wife  ware  each 
(«r.  that  tba  Maatliy  ofaacb  of  aald  (raaion  waa)  aat< 
wfiataaMy  pravad  ta  ma  by  and  en  tha  oath  (or 
ainBaikm)  of  W.  T.,af  -— ,  and  N.  •.,  of  — ■, 
kath  gaad  and  aradlkia  witaaaaaa,  who  ara  each 
pataaaaUy  haawa  to  ma  ta  ka  tha  paraena  whoaa 
aamaa  ara  aakaerlkad  to  aald  aanvayaaaa  («r  In- 

ftrUBMM). 

That  aald  A.  B.  aad  W.  hIa  wifc  aaah  paraoa. 

any  appaarad  kafara  ma  at ,  an  thla day 

of ,  A.  O. — -. 

That  aaM  A.  B.  and  W.  hIa  wifb  ware  than  and 
thara  aaah  made  aaaoalntad  with  tha  coatanta 
aad  tagal  aBiet  of  aaM  •M>ymm(M»  (ar  laatnimaM), 
aadlka  aama  aapMaad  ta  tham,  aad  each  ftaUy 
advlaad  •!  their  rlghta  In  aad  cencamlag  tka 
tharata  aaa««rM,  daacrlhad   aad   ra> 


fail  ad 

TKtaaM  A.  U.  aad  W.  hto  wllk  dM  Ihae  and 
thara  aaka<>«-ladf a  that  thay  aaecutad,  alanad, 
aaaM,  aad  daMi^rad  aaM  aonvayanca  (arlaaini- 
BMat)  aa  tha  dai:}'  tha  aama  haaro  dau,  lor  tha  con< 
aMafMlaa. pntrwaaaa^and  uaoa tharala aapraaaad, 

(Tin  W.  T^Taf ,  and  H.  ■.,  of .goad 

aad  aradiMa  witaaaaaa,  attaatad  each  aaaeatlaa, 
algalac.  aeallnc.  didlvary.  aad  aakaawladflmant.) 

A.  B. 
W  B 

■akacrikad  and  aworn  (*r  aBroMd)  ta  kalWa  ma 
tkia  — •  day  of  — ,  A.  D.  — • 

[QfUMumt.]  (SlffUurt  tmi  ^jMmt  lUk.) 

tdaftwtharcairtify; 

Tkjt  BaMW.lk^lfe  of  aaM  A.  B..  waa  tbra 
and  tkara  Mtvlbr,  prfamtaly,  aaaarataly,  aad  apart 
fracB.  aad  la^tha  ahaaaaa,  aadwitbeut  tha  hear- 
lag  ar  her  aaM  baahaad  A.  B.  (and  in  ih 


lag  9^  h«r  aaM  baahaad  A.  B.  (and  in  tha  praMnca 
'*Xi-)J'^  "*  ••*  "TlO^i*  aad  la  Iba  proanca 

olV;  t:^-_i,  aad  N.  S.  (of ).  two  credlUa 

wliMMaaM.aad  KUacbyma(tlMclerlli  of  lald  courtO 
ftiat  niada  aayialntad  with  tba  eantaata  af  aaM 
aaawajraaaa  (#r  iaattiiMMj.  aad  tba  aama  thlag 
•kjw*  •^*i«»  aaplalaad  la  bar,  aad  aba  kalS 
Mr  adwiaad  ar  tha  naiara  af  her  rlghta  la.  to  aS 
naaa  tha  vntm}^  tkareta  daacrikad,  ceawayad, 
ate.,  aaaailaad  bartaneklna  her  ajiaeiitloa,  dan- 
lag,  *  attag,  aad  daUvary  of  aald  coavayaaMT"' 
MMruineal). 

ThM  arid  W.  B.  tbaa  aad  there  and  tberaapaa 
aekaawla^tad  aad  daelarad  that  aha  nuMa  iwp- 

(and  the  iSlaqnMlaam  and  reminclBtlan  of  dowar 
ikaf^a**  to  tba  butdi.  taaanMma,  and  handllaBMala 
ifcarala  daMribad*)  af  bar  awa  firae  wUl  and  aecard, 

Ae  panoB  acting  m  (dark  or,prothoaotary  waa.  at  tha 
daM  of  M*M  dMag  rtia  darli  or  prothaaemiy  of  iba 
court  of  which  hi  WM  JBgpa.qr  Joattoa.    l|.Tli&  dauM 


.1;  =s^a^-<3titm^ie^^«0-MfJti'^'^^^^Jk 


ACK  NOWt  EDOMtSrr. 


Mi4  M  hM  •«»■  •««  ••4  (•••4,  •■><  •»*•«•«  •■• 


HwalM.  fm9H*»*»m.  ««M«r*U«,  »J^<»|2«^M^ 

Si,  w  l»« -♦  1^  ■••*•»«**••<•  ••••1' S'T  CS 
■■■'■  <iMili««fflrt  Mi4  «Im<  aM  wm  aM  I*  MM 


Til*  •«lm-«M>m«j«  ••  ^j^^f.Jf^  ***ka ^-  .. 

"aaauali  •hwUI." 

iiNiniiMMMl  »«  wlil«»i  A*  tor«c«««|  to  •  ••tr*** 
AI^BAMA. 


■ilatomMr 


fcr 


•wMA.a. 


my  •Ny.  MVM,  ka 


it; 


nib  Ml  TSrSfMMlM  h  •!»  •  I 
'       lIl^PIMI 


Bn<i3y3to'Cl  m  mSt^ 


bydHlMtaf  tlib 

■MqrteMiNftMMqr 

ky  IMT  M  ate  arfnawWIpMi 

•  •««•««  to  «M«t* 


to. 


Hat  M  tiM -— Air  vf -— •  **~*  * 

MM«  W.  B..  HMMNI  «•  BM  («r 

A>  ■•  wIm  bataf  aHMriMu , 


M   •'  III*   «••»•»••••  (•» 


w 


w»«rwiii'iyii 

I.  ilwi|»llniy,  u4  fViHtn 

iMto.    If  Mbm  ••,•«>•» 

uf  AlailMM 


,  m  >■— imtol  «»wi  W  t>» 


ttcMka  af  MMk  mIiwnMi- 


MM  MMM  M  e«l»«»« 

It,  ill*  MM^x  May  M 
ilMMilMpdMaaaw 


■MMMMMM  MM  «M  an 


llM  WMCBM  Vf  I 


ElJSwMM^^^iC^ 


a.«g,t5t* 


ArKNOWl  KiKiMRWT. 


*r»m  »h«  k<Mk«it4,  HiMhIllg  hft  »lffn«ltir«  la  lh« 
wttkta   —  aafeaawtoi««fi  imi  .ha  •ltn«4 

ihaaMM  af  har  awn  (^r«  wm  «a4  ..^aia  ,h4 
wllkMU  «Mf,  MWHtalaM  at  UifaaM  oi  iba  haia- 

'■iy«f— y  Wkl—I  I  hay*  Mt  my  Iian4  iMa 

(■%a«M>r«  aW  m*  ^  n0**r.l 

ABK4»aAII. 
CapvajraMaa.  wliaa  aalmawM 

Mala.  f^wT  ar  aafcmmMfwM  may  h 
'*J  •u|W«a»  "f  < ir*«li  (owl,  •«  (liivr  [win  u»  c|«,|| 

prwtdiag 


•I..-*,  i  waa.wka«a.liiiawla<f»it»p»««44[to 
JktaAiala.  Pm^T ar ««fcwn»Mi»«m  mmJU  lakan  h* 
fc»»  Iha  •upr«ai>  of  ■  (null  (owl,  •«  (liivr  fwW*  u.  cUrh 
llM««>r  Of  k««>r«  Um  •ooBly  aoun  n»  pn* tdiitg  Jinlai 
•karmf  w  ■»  jMailaa  nt  ika  aaaca  or  luxary  ixiU!:^ 
Aaywhara  alaa  la  Um  UniM  lUlaa.  b««»«  .ay 
•own  bC  ih*  Unti«l  AtaiM,  Mr  any  Hum  .r  r*nil<>r* 
hairlin  ■  Mai.  Of  iM  clart  ih«naf.  aiaymr  <ir  ckM  oM- 
T  "if"/  •l'".'*  •"•"  >•»•■•  a  taal  of  .MSta  0«l  ■# 
.'Hy****^  tWI-a.  M»a  aay  aoun  .rf  u,y  .i.ta. 
"!"•?" 2  **  •"•»'»•  "a»liif  a  taa),  or  any  maynr  or 
tMjm-t  .r  aay  dto  or  town  hartna  aa  nflclal  taal, 
"w  Mra  «ay  o«««r  «r  aay  feraia*  «oua«ry  irha.  by  lia 
h»«  I*  auttiorfMd  lo  taka  proUla  a/  llta  caarayuMa 
«''»al  «»»»  of  M*  owB  cmtatry.  If  ha  k«»a  an  olRcUi 
•aal  Tka  oMajt  rhm  eanlfc  ikM  iba  graaiur  It  luMva 
lo  klai  panoaafy.  vkaa  wch  la  ika  eaaa,  otharvlaa  U 
"■^fj*  P-ot  it  Ml  MmmHv  by  aMard  m  a«<la*<«| 
MaaaeMamqrilM«af«McaM«raabia«la%M«l.  ISaaf 
I*  aiarfa  ky  aM  nr  man  aabMHMat  vIlMMaf  imarte 
I  IPmfar  nabaatlba  tka  4m*.  m  ItaaH 
*M  Im  ba4  Mbarrthai  awl  taac«a«i 


hiai 


'^^\i^„ 


•>r  jha  aaifam  aaal  towtlikrattoa  ib< 
.  ami  jia*  ba  at  itmj>m4  laliaaHW  tba  i 
■aaidMia^aMafdMiraatw.    If  iba 

>~i»i  af«  4aa4,  ar  aaom  ka  Im<,  I' 

iha  traaMr  aad  u  laaa|  ana  aflba 


•••li 


handwrlllag  af 


S(|»«k.n^|i.    IhOMM^i  Dig.  Ob.  ty. 


rAM 


iVfA 


Tha  prmif  w  ««>a »U<|aniil  af  t«  l«a««Mtl Ml 

ka  m..l«  wtthla  ilta  tWiM  ba«M«  a  li»««aa  atiMfl 
iIm  •u|>r«NM  I 'Mil,  •  iw^ia  at  aiMb  af  •  KwtN  at  Maiai^ 
•  >»ur(  t-umnui"  •»«««,  awtaif  rawrAw,  aaiaty  WMMi 
or  •  JHHtco  of  itM  |M*aa  > 

Ir  yra<«l  or  a»  >aaar>ti%a4  a«t  af  iMa  •«•«•,  fe«| 
la  Iba  UaiM4  iMlaa,  ii  awy  b*  Mtera  a  |aallii» 
JwHr*,  orebiriiaf  «  Man  «f  faaat4  •4iIm  "-'t-<1httM, 
•ny  luMlaa,  )u^  ar  tbrb  af  aay  <nmm|  at  miil,  %  Mi 
lary  »«Mt«,  or  by  a  <«atailMtMMt  iifa»i»w4  by  ibi 
(nvaraot  «f  ikl<  Mara  bir  Ibai  ywrfaii .  atM  by  tm$ 
atbar  o«<;«r  '>r  iIm  ttala  at  Tanltary  »ban  >ba>abaiW> 
atlgawai  I*  aiMhi,  mibaitaa^  by  Hi  la«N  «•  1^  mil 
pnof  ar  aabnuvb^gaMM  i 

ir  Mbaa  <>r  mUt  aM  af  IM  UaM«A  llbm,  ImAm 
a  lalattlar,  tuaiakatdMt,  m r*a<«>i  ttuJ/k^tm  al  iba 
UalMd  Alataa  latMaM  tmi  aatTa4t«a<ii  la  «ba  rwmliy 
wbata  lb*  artMif  or  »abar«>ii%i»aiii  la  <*•<<■,  »r  a •^<«>af, 
*laa-«iMWul,  m  aontalat  a««M  «i  iba  Ua)|ni  Maiaa  fa»k 
4aai  la  iba  t.>wMry  obara  iba  prwrf  <m  «tl>|>.i«l»i>a>t>ai 
la  nada,  or  ■  )>Hia«  al  a  ot^n  of  nK-nfvl  ..i  iba  laawry 

■Mto  •!  — ,  aaSiito  af  — ,  w, 
(MOW-— teyaf — .  MUM  MM- 

ma  (aaHM  aW iMi  y  4|iivr  >,  llwiabhy  a 
A.  ■.,  bIMW*  !•  MM  (or  BtavaJI  l«  ata  ni  lb 
W  ».)w>aUM»<t— bWM— a— wlbbd 

«a  Um  wima  laMramai,  aa4  Maaawn 

■a  yfay^M  (tba  ar  OMy)  aaaaalM  MM  a^MK 

If  dM  4M  ba  aiaaaartbV  a  lataataaS^iiLrXi 
war*  "baaam  laaw  «M.,  haaM  "la  ba  ^  MaAlpM 
(at  Mataaury)  af  iba  larfafallaa  Aai  wiiwii  ih  «iU« 

■^^'Va^P^^VMVy    V^Hl     HCH  V^VW^l^^^pV     W     IMV     aWl    VVHl     Wl* 


A 


by. 


•faAaaaMvaaatkra 

fcna  MM  ba  aaad  •■  If  tka  «iM 
vW 

i»y 

Waa 


ailvaaiWilH  ««M«a> 


lllaaAM* 

ata  «aMai> 


Immm  "miIm  aimanrlaiaii»'— stai 
■  iitimph<H<ib>iUiMbin<bMl<>>i— aaf  Ibami 
aa  iMlaalpai  tm4  bli  awa  aa«M  aa  aUaNNy  <*  tak*** 

aa  hapMHlM  aa  Ma  |Mfw,  a*  aa  «aa  «r  aiM  «|S> 
MaHaaHabbML 

aaiiiai  aa<  amwiM  asa  «ai,  aaa-MHWHi  «f  An 

HMS'W  HKlt  Ml  ViijtfCHI  MMMK  IMI  ^VMR  WMt  iV 

j^^^^^^^^    A^^^     ^^^a     ^^^^^^h     ^HB^^^Ha    ^^^^^^     ^k     ^^^^m^^J^^^^  ^^ 

QM  ImMWMMM  M  a  |Mf|y  m  WC  MtMC  ■MhMjWNl  M  l^ 

If  aaaM*  a*  aaluwwa,  Ml  •( 

WWW!  { ^^^    ^^^^W    ^^P    ^^^L^^t  ^R^W 

aBybaoya  •aaaiabail 

mMMM  BM  WMMI  MMMNH 
tfM  IMtteMMftm  M  I 
■MMf  IB9WMF  VMl  C^  MV 

l«C.|ii*i.>C.C.  Intl.    IMC.Clnit.   Ik 

c.ci>i%.  flbiTciiifa.  rcl;.ii»(Jk. 


ACKKOWLtlXIMEffT. 


U..H  i«  iK.  .I«k  •/  «|M  <Hwr«  m  tiM  ImM  MifW  m  mm 


CAVABA. 


r  »r:^;:s:  tLissr  Tsrat 

I  M  Mj  M  wwiwi 

iMNk  Midi  MNMUr*  I  jr  ImM •>«»  •f  • 


k*  •*••.  awM  IM  nMpfi  ••  *« 
lliliiaim  (»)Ml>lr«  ■*«■"    •••■*•  M 


••--.i 


Wirt  I  viWi^PWAW^* 


wrturlitM  ••  MMttuin*  ar  • 


ur 


ACKNoWtl-t)'  MINT. 


•••M  M«  llM  iwM  aiirf  nirBaMt 


I  M|f  h«a4  and  IM  •••I  •'  MM  tnvift  <  ■>* 
if  tm  tmtmrf.  My  mm»m»Ui  M*i)  iMa   —  4«|r  of 

!*•/  I  (JiraMAww  aW  /«*  ) 


wUklM  •*  Willi- 

tff  •>««llit«f  y 


•M  tiwHo  court  All 
■IiMm  imH  W  Um  UnlWii 
utiilM^  Mh«  •  IJnlMd 


liMM  mMi.  MMry  BiiEiM,  m  jitMlca  >><  il 
M^MMiaM  villi  iIm  pitiir  * 


•a  a  4««4  •«Iiim)wI* 


mMaHaI 

yim  VM4(»tMt"]MilMMMl(L.t.|M«.«MMr 
a(  iIm»,  a^>«lMM  M  «  imI. 


MM,  jgMMiwqy  aMMrM 
M  aft  iiSliiM?!^ 


SM^MwSlMMflM'MSv 

«»kM  wl  af  tMi  fedbni 
«««MMNi|l  igMVardM 
la  any  iM|pL«aaM*]p,  at 

H-Ovft  Co^.  II  |I7,  111 


AAA  ••iTwi^H.    i^BBBV 


tuck 

•M>nr  M  'MMw.  mhI  Ik*  «mI  id  t< 

«(  bamm«n   m  I*  «»«■»  «<HtM.  eMttt 

MAwa  •    .miilailnnti  <if 


tiM  |>r^fim  M  by  a  aMatf  iiaMtt  «r««9  IHwk 

■  •>«  >a  •Mlaww  of  «>:k>Miala^mMH  wtutt  •'  w  tkaf 
iha  wik  nl  aiiuultaa  Im«  <|i>««r,  •ml  iha  |Hi«ai.  uial^ 
M«it'/««  «••><(  «mta<l  I*  ilM  w»ni«  M.ti»>l  la  i  '"(HB 
•a  (iv«*>  >'»!>.» 

*ffcWWla<alW»W«-.HW«MHf»l     IHIB  V       «k 

WUlla  af         .  *«uMI)r  ar  --',  aa. 

■•  It  fa<na«nbafa4,  that  a«  Ilia       -  4mi  *\ 

in  IlM  :ra«r  at      >r  L«ril  aaa  lha<>      •\A  «U)*«  h>    » 
<lra4   tM  —      paraaaaitly  <ama   br  m  •  IVa  ivit^- 
a»lllc'(,  •  ( <»4>w  tfW  «|l.  Ul  IUh\.  A    M.  and  W,  ■. 
hia  w   fa,  parilaa  M  iRla  iManiur*,  knawn  %m  m* 
^r«t.>    illy  ■■•r  ^(loxi  on  iKa  naih     f  W    H  )    |a  ^^-'■ 
au>  h, ,     i|  aavarally  Mhn«wla«ga<l  aat4  In4a«t«ii 
i«  ba     nalr  Mt  aM  4aa4  taanaailvaly,  anJ  ihi> 
ih'  Ml    W.  B.  kafiiff  ai  Mia  aama  lima  pti»«Mlt 
aaainiti   4  kjf  na  apafi  fram  Mr  liualMn4,  ac 
knowlai  <a4  Ihal  aM  aa««ti«a4  iSa  aaU  indanlur 
wIMmU     wmImmM   aaiii|i«lat«n,   or    ihiaala,    ^r 
Natarti      huakan^'a  4la|»laaa<ira 

Olvan  itfar  my  kan4  aii4  aMalal  aaal  iha  4ay 
an4  raai      »raaar4.        ( SifMimr*  »m4  ^ItM  M*  ) 

l>raaf  ^>     iliM  iiWat  vllnca*  la  aat  «*i»a4. 


•l'«TBI<*r  Cr  <MII.|IHRIA. 


>f  MMM,   aiuH   ka  a««< 
•ra  a  Jwdfa  «/  a  court  »( 
uuniy  la  wkkk  iraaiu 


luMtuaMni  hn  ika  eati*«iraaKa  of  • 
kMatvi  in  III  la,  nnaaMMa,  or  kaiadlian 
IMa  Cialrki  «'  for  <la«lar<H«  »r  llmlil. 
Inm  ia  or  O' 
ImowMlsad  Ix 
Ika  HuMa  ami 
kafora  any  jiHli 
•oflal  cowt  nf ' 
ika  |Maca  af  i 
aatmty  la  *M> 
uiMe  In  any  ' 
QriMMWai  atai 
CaiM.    Tha  aai 


r  aatala  or 
»•,  within 

any  una  or 
.«ii  »«i|  ae- 
-^irtl,  99i^*A 


\m  wa|i  wek  at 
la  eat 

li«a. 


orltl 
_  cogaliancr 
at  auak  iKiaaii  • 
ItBawttdgwaiu  In 


of  wprama,  clncitli.  dUtrkl.  tf  larri  . 

'it«4  ntaiaa  :  or  kali>r»  anv  jinika  tt 
Slala,   DialrKt,   or  Tarrliory,  and 

inmtor  aMV  ka;    or  hafeTa  MMary 

<ta  or  TanMary,  af  ika   t>i<tirici  of 

■ifliili«»taf  Ika  rxairiat  QiimII 

vala  iMal  ka  ky  ika  raalaMr,  dan. 

iIm  ciHtrt  ar  cauM*  wMtr  kw  Imim 

vBc*.  ikat  Ika  jadjia  at  akaaadlat 

•M  m  aaatailaii  and  ackaotrMi* 

of  any  aAcar  aai  af  Diaifkl  «i 

of  ika  «Mrk  or  otkat  i^kUc  slbaaf 


f  Ika  fcci  wMarkla  nflMal  a^ 

<  at  Ika  «la  af  kit  enntilaMii  of 

»l  aMck  oHkar  aa  ka  p«r|iort>  M 

«a«atry  ika  aaacHiioa  and  aa^ 

«  kifnra  any  Juilg*  or  ckanccHo* 

,   ar    Htaalar  aMliaoadlnary   N| 

nolary  i    hlic  In  Mtck  feraign  cnttniry,  awi 

CMCuli'«  tmi  a.  ^nottrladgnwDi,  aiMi  alto  IdaMlty 

or,  muai  k*  i  >>itlAa4  tfOit  ar  aauaaad  la  iM 

aack  nAclal.« 


Aalii 


iwrkv  ft  M^flmirm  •»  Jaaa 

iTST ft..  «  {Mu*0tttriSl)  la 
liNraaaM,  In  MM  It  ta,  «•  karaky  i 


-_  liM  aatintr 
karaky  aartlQr  thai 
kaariaa  4Maa«  tha 

■BlkykTifftpk  mH i  "aSfaaaaty  aiiriiiwMUtta 
Mil  O.  R.  Mfaic  farr  naQr  wM  haaava  ta  aa. 
HH  fana«  wha  aaaci.  a^  aa  aaM  daa4,  aa4  aa- 


oTk..  fiartf  ta  a  aartt. 
— —  aajr  m  —— ,  aad 


ON  fana«  wha  aaaci.  '■*4  tta  aaM  daa4,  aiM  aa- 
kM«vMia4  wa  aaiaa  »o  ba  hIa  aat  aiM  4aa4. 

(MtwM  mtm  mw  ham4  a«4  aMi  thia  —  4ay 
•f .  O.  R.  (aJT 

To  kar  4a««r  k  b  laquliad  tkki  a  »)lk  »haN  ka  tt 
aaiiNad  mart  *«■  kar  kaabnml.  aa4  baring  ika  4«c<i 
Mf  ia|lilnii4  la  kar.  ika,1  drclara  thai  aka  kad  trlll- 


lng.r  ttfeaad.  aaa)«M,  umI  daiivamd  ika  mam,  and 
wMad  not  la  nmoi  lit  *a4  tka  awHieaia  agpmdad 

akaaM  aPita  wa  aMti. 

iwiwyl*a^nwMit— pi— B— 41  MiB  WIfc. 

O.  nJTliSSr'^pM'iM*)  la  aiM  ter  tha 
ity  ainMalirft  Hia  aaM  ttaia,  4a  hara^ 


Lam  iBy»-n,  ck.  |i.   v-Saa  Cod*.  Lawi,  ale 

Siaiiiir*  al  UMi. 


f 


ACKNOW I  .F  on  M  ENT. 


ft-: 


Mrtlfy  that  A.  B.  and  W.  B.  hib  wife.  fMrtU*  to 

•  ctrtain  d«*d  bmrtng  data  on  tha day  of 

,  and  h«f  ate   annaxad.  paraonally  appanrad 

bafera  ma  In  tha  county  aroraaaid  tha  atM  A.  B. 
and  W.  B.  hU  wife,  batng  paraonally  wall  known 
to  ma  M  ba  tha  paraoi>a  who  axacutad  tha  aaid 
daad,  and  tha  aatd  A.  B.  aeknowladcad  tiia  aama 
to  ha  hia  act  and  daad ;  and  tha  aald  W.  B.,  wife 
of  tna  aaW  A.  B.,  baln«  by  ma  aaamlnad  privily 
and  apart  from  har  huaband,  and  having  tha 
daad  aferaaald  fully  aaplainad  to  baif,  aahiMwI- 
adgad  tha  aama  to  ba  har  act  and  daad,  Md 
daelarad  that  aha  had  willingly  algftad,  aaalad, 
and  daHvarad  tha  aama,  and  that  aha  wtahad  not 
to  ratraev  It.  ■  .        .    ^.  _. 

Oivan  ttndar  my  hand  and  aaal  thla  -—  day 
of .  O.  «.[*•/. J 

Won  any  of  tha  oObsm  In  ika  Uallwl  Statw  «r 
Tarriiniia,  ladieBlad  aa  coawnaM  M  laha  achaowi- 
adgraann,  othtr  than  thoM  oBoan  laat  abova  namad, 
and  before  any  of  the  oflken  la  a  fertlgn  couMiy, 
BMOtlancd  a*  competent  to  laka  aBkaowMamenla, 
tiatutkx  of  the  deed,  at  well  a*  lia  aoknowMgniaM. 
■hould  be  made:  and  the  cettiScaia  tboold  ao  ttatc. 

FK.OBIDA. 

All  deed*,  moitBagss,  or  othar  conveyancet,  by 
which  any  riiht,  tUte,  (ulerttt,  or  claim  to  ainr  raal 
(aute  in  thii  Suie  may  be  conveyed,  allbclad,  defeated, 
impaired,  or  relaaMd.  all  powan  of  attonay  lelatlm  to 
die  lame,  and  all  inatrumema  under  aeal,  to  be  need  or 
recorded  in  this  State,  In  order  to  antlde  the  Mine 
to  be  to  med  or  recorded.  In  caaa  the  same  ahan  ba 
acknowladgad  out  of  tUa  Blata,  abaU  be  acknowl- 
edged by  the  party  or  parllec  ancuting  the  aanM,or 
tha  eaacution  Uiefaof  by  aald  party  or  parties  shall  be 
waved  by  a  aubacribing  witoaat  thereto  before  a  eom- 
nissloner  didy  appointaJ  by  the  governor  tS  noiida. 
In  those  citlcf  or  oountiet  where  no  oommiatloncr  U 
appointed,  or  whei«  he  Is  neaUe  to  act,  the  acknowl. 
ettmeat  or  proof  nay  be  taken  Mfore  the  chief  Jastlee. 
'  jute,  profiUng  justice,  or  prcsManI  of  any  court  of 
record  of  die  United  Statas,  or  of  any  State  or  Terri- 
tory tkersof.havlog  a  seat  and  a  clerk,  etjaothonotary ; 
but  ao  proof  or  acknoiHed|^cnt  taken  by  any  such 
party  shall  eatide  tuch  deedTpower  of  auocnay,  or  con- 
veyaaca  to  be  tacorded,  untctt  lokan  within  sonw  place 
or  district  to  which  the  jurlsdicitoa  of  Iha  coutt  to 
which  he  belon  shaD  extend,  and  Ae  place  of  taking 
such  acknowledgment  U  by  him  aat  forth  inhiacertilU 
cau  of  acknowhdnwnt,  and  alto  dial  the  court  of 
which  he  is  tuch  chief  jusiica»  jindge.  ptesfaiiag  Joatice. 
or  preaideni.  Is  a  court  of  record:  Oa  feartlfieate  shall 
'  -     -"-    the  aooMWledgBMnt  knows 

making  tuch 
Miwho 

.        certM' 

cata  of  acJowwIe^imtat  of  Mich  chief  juttloe. 


pteaiding  judge,  or  prctiden^  thad  be  L , 

the  cerSlScate  of  the  clerk,  or  prathonotary  of  the 
court  for  which  he  to  tuch  Judga.  jnstka,  or  ,pf«aident 
as  aforesaid,  under  the  sMroTsald  eo«m,  duu  he  ia 
duly  amointed  or  authorised  as  such  judge,  justice,  or 
prahient,etc.  TtaaaekMwIatemaiiteri  marrtod 
woman  (residli«  out  of  this  State)  to  a  deed,  om- 
veyanee,  or  instrumeM  under  seal,  purpordag  to  be 
encuicd  ^her.  ihaU  not  be  taken,  unlctt,  in addidon 
to  the  forqprfng  rsquisiies,  she  acknowlcdgsa,  on  a 
amaraM  or  private  ncaminadon  by  the  oflMOl  taking 
her  acknowhNlgmem,  apait  flrom  her  hwbaad,  dau  An 
executed  tuch  deed,  conveyance,' or  imtnuaent  under 
seal,  ftcdy,  and  without  any  fear  or  coiMuMoa  of  or 
from  her  hudand.  The  ofllcer  must  In  alTcaaaa  eardfy 
to  die  Idendty  of  the  grantor.  It  Is  oompelaM  for  nim. 
however,  to  aatUfr  himsdf  of  die  idendty  of  die  paidcs 
at  his  cani  discretion.'  ... 

Doeda,  ate.,  aaaautad  In  tldn;aiMa  «f  iMfto.  or 
any  intanat  in  laada  dierdn,  ahail  be  exaeutad  In  the 
pretence  of  two  witnesses,  who  jVall  subaetlba  tMr 
names  to  the  saaM  as  such,  and  the  persons  eMcadaf 
such  dseds  may  acknowMg*  die  exeendon  dMKd 
bdm  any  judge,  dark  of  the  eitcult  court,  nolanr 
public  or  jusdos  of  die  peaoe  wldOn  die  State,  and  ff 
any  tuch  deed  or  conveyance  of  Und  thidi  be  asncwtad 
in  aiw  othar  BtMa.  TaniMrjr,  or  dittrict  of  dia 
UnliadrSlatet,  such  deed  may  he  executed  aecordtag  to 
die  laws  of  such  Sta«r.  Terrftory,  or  dstrfet,  and  die 
Mncodon  dietaof  may  be  acknowledged  before  any 

X*Biisb's  Digest,  p.  isi-    y-Lawt  1(73,  p.  it. 


luku  ur  clerk  of  a  court  of  record,  notary  nibllc, 
nlice  of  the  peace,  or  odier  oilcer  auihorliMl  by  the 


laws  of  such  Stau.  Territory,  or  dis»:ct,  to  lake  ac 
knowlcdBmeni  of  dcedt  therein,  or  befori  any  coounit- 
tloner  appoloitd  by  the  governor  of  ihia  Smie  for  tuch 

Iftuch  deed  be  axacntad  in  any  foreign  aoontry 
it  may  be  executed  according    to  iIm   laws  of  tuch 


country ;  any  execution  thereoT  may  be  acknowledged 
before  any  noti-ry  public  therein,  nr  iM^re  any  minislar 
plenipotentiary,  miniKier  extraordinary,  mlnitier  reel, 
(lent,  ck»rgi  i  ^ff»^r^^,  commissioner,  or  cuntid  of  the 


ucni,  cm^rgii  a  t^mirti^  commiHiuiNr,  vr  ^uhsim  w.  uk 
United  Sutet  appointeo  to  reside  therein,  or  before  a 
commissioner  appointed  by  the  governor  of  this  Suie 
for  tuch  purpose,  which  admowMdamcnl  thall  be  f  er- 
tilled  dierein  by  the  officer  ukina  the  tana  under  hit 
hand,  and  bis  seal  of  office  shsU  be  affixed  to  such 
cerdncate.  .... 

If  any  such  deed  or  other  conveyance  shall  ba  exe- 
cuted and  acknowledged  in  any  other  SuM  or  coundV, 
bafora  any  officer  not  having  an  oMcial  aaal,  he 
thoil  have  attached  diercto  a  caniAcaie  of  the  clerk  or 
other  proper  certifying  officer  of  a  coutt  of  record  or 
ccrtiAcvia  of  the  secretary  of  stale,  minUiar  pleoipoten- 
dary,  minister  extraordinary,  ininiilcr  retldent,  tksrgti 
d't^Mn;  oommlttioncr,  or  consul  (as  the  cate  ma) 
ba),  that  the  perwrn  whote  name  It  tubscribcd  to  the 
oerdficata  of  acknowMgnMiit  wat.  at  the  daM  tharaof, 
tuch  officer  as  he  to  dierein  represented  to  be:  that  ta 
beUevet  the  signature  of  such  person  subscribed  dMMo 
to  be  genuine,  and  that  the  deed  ie  executed  and  ac- 
knowledged aeco'  U:.-jj  to  die  laws  of  such  Slate,  Terri- 
tory, district,  or  foreign  country.* 

Tha  wifa  may  raUnqntah  har  d«war  In  any  Und, 
tenements,  or  herediuments,  by  Joining  in  Vbm  deed 
made  by  the  husband,  or  she  amy  eaecme  a  topaiaie  io- 
atrument  under  her  hand  and  seal,  in  die  preaunce  of  two 
witneMcs.  Whan  made  in  thhiBtata.  her  rdlnoidsh- 
ment  of  dower  (to  ba  elhctual)  must  be  acoompaniad  by 
an  acknowleteaeot  under  her  hand  and  seal,  taken  aad 
made  scparaSy  oad  apart  from  her  huitiand,  4c^ 
j»m«  jMcUt  ^etr  rf  MA  »«<»,  dial  It  waa  made 
freely  and  voluntarily,  and^  without  any  eoatpi^ion, 
comtraint.aoprehenrfon.orfcarof  or  from  die  h»ba^ 
Whan  mada  out  of  thla  Stata.  but  widiin  die  United 
Stttes,  It  shall  be  taken  *e  /*#  wmmm*r  afmrttaM,  by 
the  derk  or  prodionoiary  of  tome  court  of  record  In  Ijie. 
Suu,  Territory,  or  dtoirict  in  which  it  shall  be  BMdc, 
In  die /r»««»  of  die  judge  or  jusdoa.  or  of  oaaof  die 
Judgae  or  jusdcca  of  the  court  to  wMeb  die  dark  or 

prothoooury  who  ttk«  *•  ««'n«»*i«>¥i««  "K' 
belong.  And  die  takina  of  each  aakaewUgment.  and 
Sacerdttcate  of  die  derii  or  prolhonoMry,  shatt  be 
BudMudcated  under  die  hand  ef  ^)f^m  Juadce 
piasent  at  the  mokiag  dMreof,  by  his  cwdfytng  dmt 
Sa  saU  acknowle^eni  waa  aiade  In  hta  pftasaca, 
and  that  the  perao»actiiW  as  dark  or  proihonolafy  waa 
al  the  rime  ofhto  ao  dolaa  die  ckfk  or  prodioaodwy  cf 
die  court  of  which  he  bludge  or  fasdee.  _.,. 

If  any  such  rcllM|utohaNBt,(rf  ifower  ttmll  be  MMa 
•lit  ofUia  United  Btataa.  thk  acknowledgmeni  aTtha 
narty  making  It  diall  be  takaii  In  the  manner  at  Mtrt- 
aald:  by  and  befoie  tonw  public  minister,  coatnl  ot<vlet- 
comul.  commercial  or  vic»«omni«rc(d  •C«>i,<*  »• 
Uniteil  Slatea  rtshUnK  in  die  ««1"»7J"  »W«i,£|! 
acknowled«nent  maybe  taken, and  shall  be  .MitIM 
^^S^^be^Iiild  and  die  aeid  of  affiee  of  audi  pnWe 
minister,  consul  or  viea-coaaui,  tuaiwrdal  — *  "• 
vice-comiMrdal  aganlJ' 


•rtlMBtet*. 


State  of ,«KyareouBtjrof — .aa. 

Be  it  r«mambeiad.diat  an  thta diurof----, 

io  tiia  yw  afotir  tird ,  batara  majtia  «larb 

of  tha^^ — e«wt  tor  tha  (city  #r)  eonnty  "» -— j 
and  tut*  of ,  wMeh  add  M«M  in  «  eowrt  ef 

!fr;^'hMWii  aa  tha  petaon  daaMibed  to.  and 
who  Mteeutad  tha  «»»^»«««  ^StjIiy^YS?";? 
(M  ^««  MM  «My  *r).  airf  •Snejrta^  J*rt  «*i 
mada  haraatf  a  party  t»  and  aaactAad  tha  aame. 
feTuta  purpoaa  of  raUnmaahlng  •»«<•«»•».•«' 
^AVt  thaManda  aii«r\aiia««aBt«  therein  de- 
S^bad;  ••»*tba^«^W.B..»naprivatiaiiam. 
iiMtttMi  •Shan  aad.msida  before  ma,  taj*«,iw«» 
aaca  af  tha  Hon.  J.  J.,  Judga  of  our  acM  ejwft, 
aaparataly  and  apart  from  her  aaid  hr?>band,  0* 
knowledcea  and  aaya  that  tha  aaid  rallDqniah- 


mmm 


irl  of  record,  notary  pubik, 
Imt  oAcer  auihorlKid  Vy  iIm 
llory,  or  dUan.'ct,  to  lako  ac- 
i«nln,  or  bafor  i  any  eoounl*- 
ovtmor  of  Ihia  Siala  for  Mich 

•d  in  any  /oraign  Muntnr 
urdlnc  to  iba  lav*  of  tucn 
haraof  may  ba  acknovUdgad 
ikarain,  <ir  oalbra  any  ninlatar 
extraordinary,  minlatar  raal- 
UHBOiiasioiMr,  or  cuiuul  of  the 
to  laatde  tharain,  or  before  a 
by  lh«  oovemor  or  thia  Suia 
•cknowladanMni  ibaU  fa*  far- 
ar  uklns  ina  awM  under  hh 
Ilea  lhaU  be  aAxed  to  auck 

[bar  eonyeyanoa  shall  ba  cxe- 
In  any  other  State  or  cotin(iy, 
having  an  aflcial  Mat,  be 
!to  a  cartiAcata  of  the  clerk  or 
tfficer  of  a  eoint  of  racord  or 
f  of  Mate,  minlatar  pieoiMtfB- 
nry,  mlniiter  reildent,  cMry<( 
',  or  conaul  (a*  the  caae  ma)' 
■e  name  la  lubacribcd  to  the 
motit  was,  at  the  data  tharaoc, 
ilo  represaoted  to  ba;  that  be 
Hich  peraon  aubacrlbed  thereto 
the  deed  la  execnted  and  ac- 
I  the  laws  of  such  Stale,  Terr!' 
:ountry.» 

lalah  IMr  d«ww  la  any  Uiui, 
leau,  by  Joining  In  the  deed 
she  amy  eaecme  a  repamse  in- 
and  seal ,  In  the  pretence  of  two 
I  tn  thia  •tata,  b«  rdtnquish- 
ctual)  must  be  aceompaaiad  by 
ir  her  hand  and  seal,  iakaa  aad 
•rt  from  her  huabaad,  4(Af» 
'  M$  StHl*.  that  It  MM  made 
aad  without  any  coMpuMoa, 
,  or  fear  of  or  from  the  bMtbaad. 
la  ttata.  but  within  the  Ualtad 
I  As  <A»  mmtmtr  t/*nmU,  by 
r  of  soBM  court  of  reeord  bi  Me . 
rict  In  wblch  it  shall  be  awdc, 
idfs  or  juatloa.  or  of  oae  of  the 
e  court  to  wMeh  the  dart  or 
a  the  aekBOwMascM  shall 
I  of  such  aokBowMgBMM,  aad 
mrk  or  prothoaotary,  shaU  be 

hand  A  dM  judge  or  Justtee 
thereof,  by  kia  certiiy  lag  that 
lit  was  BUna  In  his  pteaaaca, 
■g  as  Clark  or  pTothonoiary  «M 
M  the  derk  or  pKilhoao<a(<r  of 
Judge  or  Justlca. 
MBt.Oi  tkmer  sinll  be  nMa 
tea.  ihk  aehnowledgiaent  oribe 
B  taluNi  In  the  nanner  aa  afora- 
I  pubUc  ministar,  coaaul  oi<vlea- 
vie»«o«mefciai  agent  of  na 

la  the  country  la  which  Iba 
s  taken,  and  ahaa  ba  caftilad 
asaalaf  oAee  of  aueh  puUle 
s«onaui.  uuBiwawlal  agaalr  at 


•f  IfW*    Iffc—  Ml* 


r  eountjr  of  — — t  at. 

that  OB  «i*a  - —  dwr  of  ->--, 

«d ,  batata  ma,  the  clerk 

the  (dty  •»•)  ceanty  of  — -. 
Itch  aald  eotatt  la  •  eowt  of 
urn  W.  B.,  wrttoof  A.  ■..  to 
ha  pataoB  daaeribad  to,  and 
regeiac  deed  of  ctHtveyaiita 
S7  acffnowiadffed  U»^  abi 
r  to  and  aaacMed  theaame, 
attDOttiahlag  her  dower,  h. 
lod  tenaaMOtu  therein  «<- 
d  W.  a.  on  a  private  eaam- 
lade  iMfeffaiao.ia  «he  prM 
J.,  Judge  of  etir  aeM  «9tirt, 
;  from  her  aaid  hr?>band,  o.e 
n  that  tbe  aaM  reUnquiab- 


■  ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 


meat  and  renunelatloa  of  dower  waa  aad  la 
made  freely  and  voluntarily,  aad  without  any 
cempalaioo  or  eonatraint,  apprehenaloa  or  fear 
of  or  from  her  aald  huabiaBd,  the  eald  A.  B.,to 
whteh  aeknowledgmeat  the  aald  W.  ■.  haa  In 
my  preeence  and  tn  the  preeence  of  the  aaid  J.  J.. 
Judge  of  our  aald  court,  thia  day  eet  her  haad 
andaeal. 

WHaeee  my  hand  and  the  eeal  of  our  eald  court 
at ,  la ,  thia  the  day  and  year  flrat  above 


\SnU  ^Cmrt.\  C.  C. ,  Clerk,  ate. 

A«kit««l«tlffaMHt— CortUI««t«. 

Mate  af ,  etty  or  eonnty  of .  ee. 

Ii  J'  Jo  i*>4l •  of  the eoort  of  the  (city  ar 

:aumy)  and  Mate  aforeeald,  do  hereby  certliy 
that  the  Ibregalng  ackaowladgment  woe  made 

tn  aay  preaance  at ,  within  the  Jurledlctton 

of  our  eald  conrt ;  and  that  C.  C  before  whom 
the  aaM  aeknowladgment  waa  taken,  and  wheee 
a  la  atuehed  thereto,  waa  at  the  time 
doing  tbe  clerk  of  the  eald court,  of 


algnatore  la  atuched  thereto,  waa  at  the  time 

ofiila  io  doiiig  tbe  clerk  of  the  eald court,  of 

wMeh  I  am  the  Judge  (and  that  the  signature  of  the 
•aid  (taaam  y  turk)  to  said  acknowMnnent  to  be 
geaulaa).  J*  J-  >  Judge,  etc. 

The  wttb  thouU  alao  acknowledge  with  the  husband, 
befara  the  proper  oMcer,  in  tbe  uaua'  Ibna,  in  order  to 
admit  the  dead  to  rasord. 

Pftif  ky  fNiM«rlMaiv  Wltaoan* 

■tato  of ,  eoanty  of ,  aa. 

Ba  it  remembetad,  that  on  thia  —  day  of—, 

in  tlte  year' ,  beCera  me  {luumt  mui  i&Jt  rf 

*M€»r),  peraonally  appeared  W.  T.,  wheee  name 
la  aBaad  aa  a  aubeerlMng  witneea  to  the  fera> 
going  deed  batwaan  A.  B.  aad  B.  F. ;  and  wliOi. 
beini  didy  ewom,  depoaea  and  aaya,  that  the 
Slid  A.  B.  dttly  aigned,  eealad,  and  deltvered  the 
(oreatolaf  deed  to  the  eald  B.  9.,  aa  hie  act  and 
deeo.  in  ate  preeence  of  Mm,  the  eald  W  ^.,and 
atea  in  the  preaance  of  N.  •.,  the  other  w.ibecrib- 


irg  wUaeaa  to  aaid  deed,  who  tliea  at  the  reai 
n'^tha  xatd  A.  B.  duly  aignad  and  attaatad  the 
ef  tta  del 


suma  in  the  praaai 
•aid  A.  I).,  taa  grantar. 


I  deponent,  aad  of  the 


In  teeUmany  whereof,  I  have  berennto  eet  my 
kand  and  attsad  my 


_  If  ( 
Off  aotukty  of" 


J  aeal  the  day  and  year  ftrat 
above  written. 
[QlkimliitU.] 

Acki  . 

•Httaof 

BaH 
la  tiM  yiar—- >,  pafaoiMlly  mpa«red  befeia  me. 
a  cawmlwIaBer  inly  appainiad  and  aatboriiad 
by  tlM  eaaeatlvo  aaUMrtly  of  riorlda  vndar  the 
hnoa  of  aaid  Blata  to  taha  wtthia  tbe  State  of 
—  ptoofaad  achnowledflneait  of  doada,  eta.  («r 
ctJUr  e#b»r,  mt  Me  em$t  mart*),  to  ba  need  and 
recatwd  ia  aaM  Btata,  A.  B.,  to  ma  watt  known 
to  ba  tbe  aaiaoa  who  esecated  the  fbregoiag 
(and  aaneaaa)  dead  br  Mm  aealed  aad  aabacnoed ; 
and  tlM  eald  A.  B.  acknowledged  the  eaeeution 
theraaf  ta  be  bia  fltaa  aet  and  deed,  fer  the  oaaa 
and  pnrnaaee  ttiarein  mentioned. 

In  tawlmpBi  whareofLl  have  hereunto  eet  my 
haad  and  atfaad  my  «Bcial  aaal  die  day  and 
year  Ifat  above  writtea. 


Conveyaaoaa  of  peepaiMr  ia  tUa  Sieie  ehould  ba 
attested  (la  order  to  admit  mem  to  racord)  by  ^  fbUnw- 
iiig  oOdals:  If  wttMa  the  Slate,  by  a  nourr  pobUe, 
judge,  or  dark  of  tbe  aupatior  oaurt  or  ordBnaiy  of 
court,  or  by  anyjoetiee  of  dn  peace.  Wkereadaedls 
executed  wldiia  the  Stale,  h  b  not  neceaaary  diat  dM 
notary  pnbUc  or  other  atnatlag  oOcer  shoaldeaa  aay 
Hcal.  W  eaeiiBtad  ta  aaettwr  State,  by  a  eonuala- 
•ionor  <rf  daeda  (br  die  State  of  Geoifla.  or  a  coaeul  or 
ylea  eoeeal  ef  dm  PakidStatm,  aag  dwkr  aedi^er 
by  a  Judge  af  acowt  ef  leeaid  hi  the  Stale  where  e>> 
ecutad,  wth  a  ceitiBcaie  ef  dM  derk,  under  the  awl  of 
•ueh  ooarl,  or  by  .tw«  witamim,  oae  of  whom  is  a 
noianr  puUic,  widi  Aa  omiitaia  .ef  hia  appoinniett 
attached.  Ad  deada,  moflgigns,  eic. ,  to  realty ,  should 
be  attaatad  by  two  wltaesaaa,  tha  cowmlnloaar,  coaaul, 
etc..  erjadga^balag  oae,  and  should  be  under  aeal  (or 


If  the  •uhacrlUng  witness  or  wilnessea  he  dead  or 
lunatic,  or  have  removed  without  the  State,  or  be  other- 
wise incapacitated  to  make  the  affidavit,  the  affidavit  of 
a  third  person  to  such  death,  lunacy,  etc.,  and  to  the 
genuinenees  of  the  handwriting  of  the  subscriblag  wit- 
neea or  witnesses,  shall  be  sumcient  to  admit  the  deed 
to  record.* 

Renunciation  of  dower  bv  the  wile  la  not  required 
in  Ihia  Suie,  except  where  the  husband  ia  alieaatiag 
lands  to  which  he  derived  title  through  the  wlia  by 
marriage  contracted  prior  to  the  sutute  of  lUd.* 

AaliWwIatMfowl    flaiwwil  r*na. 

A  simple  acknowledgment  befcre  the  wilnessea 
designaMd  above  is  all  that  la  required.  The  atlcsutioa 
clause  oppoelM  to  or  below  the  signature  of  the  partlea 
executing  the  deed  should  b« :  "Hgned,  aealed  aad 
dalivped  In  preeence  of."  No  further  ccrtlacate  by 
the  officer  of  the  exacutlon,  or  ackaowtedgment  of  the 
algniaa  Is  necessary.  This  iachides  acu  of  husband 
aadw&k. 


'  ky  BiAmHMm*  Wltaaaa  Wkcvi 
•«  la  mui  ■■<>  kalkra  OdSaor. 

State  of—,  eouaty  of ,  ae. 

Before  me  (mmw  mm  tUU  ^UUtr)  peraonall* 
came  W.  T.,  to  me  known  to  be  the  Individual 
whooa  etenatura  ia  aflUied  to  the  foregoing  deed 
aa  oae  of  the  wltneaeae  thereto,  who  bAng  eworn 
eaya  that  ba  waa  praaeat  at  the  time  wbea  eald 
deed  waa  eaecoted,  that  he  eaw  the  eama  elgaed, 
aealed,  aad  dellvared  by  A.  B.,  wheee  etgaatura 
la  thereto  alBsad  aa  grantor ;  that  N.  8. ,  the  other 
aubaerlMot  witaeaaoiereto,  waa  likewiee  preeeot 
at  eald  time  and  wltnieead  eald  eaeeution  of  aaid 
deed,  and  that  he  the  eald  W.  T.  and  the  aaid 
N.  S.  then  aad  there  aigned  the  eanna  aa  atteettBg 
witaeeeee.  W.  T. 

Swora  to  and  aabacribed  before  me  thia  — 

day  of—,  A.  D. . 

{Stgimlmrt  mmdMU  ^^fittr. 

■BABNk. 

The  pnef  or  acknowkidgBMnt  of  every  caaveyaaoe 
elbillaa  any  real  caiata  ahaB  ba  taken  by  sobm  eae  tt 
tbe  Miowlag  officen:  If  adcaowladgad  e*  proved 
witMa  thia  State,  by  sobm  Judge  or  dert  of  a 
ceoit  kaving  a  aeal,  cr  soaM  notary  nubile  or  J.  P.  or 
foeeider  for  the  pnpw  county.  If  adrnoaleagad  cc 
piwfti  wtthont  tbla  State,  and  witMa  the 
baitad  Stataa,  by  aoaM  Judge  or  dark  of  aev  court 
of  the  Vakad  Staiee,  er  ct  aay  Stale  or  Territory 
having  a  red,  or  by  aay  cemmliiioaer  appelated  by  tha 
governor  of  thia  Smta  (or  that  aarpeee,  or  by  aay 
oAdd  aathoriaad  by  the  iaara  ef  the  State  where  iba 
acknealsdgm  lat  la  lakaaie  lake  ackaowledoMMa. 
If  achoowladgad  or  proved  witboat  the  Ualtad 
Stataa,  by  •»«  Judge  or  derk  ef  aay  oooit  cf  aay 
%  kkgdam,  or  empire  havlag  a  aaal,  er  by  any 


wwry  paUic  ihersln"  or  by  a^  adaiaiar,  .^^.^..r- 
aiaaer,  ereeaaal  of  ihe  UatocdSBtisa  eppeiatad  to  rtskie 


tadl).< 


■-See  General  Sintuus. 


A  hasbaad  aad  wUb  awy  by  their  Joint  deed  convey 
the  real  aetata  of  tbe  wife.  Every  coaveyaace  aftcting 
laal  aaiale  muat  be  ackaowladged  er  proved  and  eeni- 
fted. 

Kvsty  power  <f  attonM^  or  other  hMfmaeal  ia 
wrlllag,  eoataiaing  aoerer  to  coave*  any  real  est^  ae 
ageat  or  attorney  for  the  owner  tbaraef;  muat  be  ac- 
kmndadsed  aad  cntidad  bi  the  same  manaar  aa  above 
desuilxju  fill  daaib. 

Tbe  parw  eCining  to  make  adsaowladgaMat  shall  be 
knoam  to  the  oflker,  or  prove  himself  to  be  Um  penoa 
he  rapraaeMa,  by  the  oath  of  a  credible  wilneaa. 

d BfcMTflBSBMiWt    BriiMli-  WilUMWm 


Slate  of  Idaho,  Caanty  of—-,  aa. 

On  tiiia day  of— ^  A.  D.  — ,  peraoaaUy 

appeared  befbre  me,  N.  P.,  a  notary  public  (Judge 
er  other  oBoer)  la  and  for  aald  oouaty,  A.  B.,  proved 

to  me  OB  tha  oath  of to  bo  tha  paraeo  whooa 

Bameiaanbacribad  to  thewithia  coaveyaaeei 
and  be,  tbe  aald  A.  B..aekaowledced  to  madmi 
ba  eaeetited  tha  aame. 

In  teaHmany  wharaof,  ate. 

(SipsaMfv  Ml/ 4#nia/ Mklr.) 


u 


ACkKOWI.EIHlMENT. 


ML. 


Any  oflkw  aathoriMd  to  uka  Araof  or  ■chnowladi- 
■MDI  of  any  convcyuica  wharaby  luiy  imI  niau  1» 
•onvayad  or  may  ba  aflcctad,  nay  uka  ami  cartify  iba 
•ckaowlaitanaM  of  a  marriad  woman  to  any  tuch  co»> 
vayanoa  of  r«al  aatata. 

Such  ouurrM  woiwn  muii  ba  known  to  tha  oAoar,  or 
mtlifactoriiy  p  ovad  to  ba  tha  pcnon  rapruaaMd,  and 
auat  be  axwMMd 
of  bar  huaband, 


wlaiitenlfnci  tha  oMCuliaaa/ thai  ,      , 

.  N»  attata  M  tMuM  by  coutasy  allnvad  llM  hwbaM, 
Bor  dowar  M  ika  wMk 

AAMwIV'lCMMiA-Wavl*  rviM*. 

■t*M*fI4«ho,  County  or- — ,m. 

Oathla ♦•7  0# in  tho  yoar  itg   ,b««M« 

mt  — ,  o  — ^lo  004  for  mM  eooaty,  paraoMtty 
■ppoofM' — koowo  to  mo  tt  ko  tho  ponoo  wbooo 
MWBO  —  raboeribad  to  ttiowttkia  laolniaioat, 
•ndMluwwtodgodtomo  thot  ko  OMCirtkd  tho 


U  wltBMO  wharoof^I  ho**  fctrtuf  Mt  my 
loadoiUlaAMdi 
la  thto  eortlteoto 


^, JIVB^VIc    ft    ■■■»»    ■«■■«■■■    ••» 

k«a4  oiUI  aAMd  myofeoUl  ■•■Ltlio4o|'U>4  yoar 
•  IrM  obovo  wrlttoa. 


am  MTm  wmmx  Mm'itMUUBli  woman  alono. 


Stoto  of  Idako,  Covntr  of- 
Oathto 1       '        ■     ^ 


-day  of-—-lki  tho  yoar  il9   . 

no — ,a votaoaanyappoarod- — kaowato 

mo  to  bo  tho  pofaoa  wboaa  aamo  h.  oiriMcittod 
to  tho  within  U)atraaM«t(«Mlaekaowlad|»d  lo 
mo  that  ho  omcatod  tkaaatMt  and  •a^mo— - 
day  of — la  «ho  yoor  ito  ,  bofiMro  mo.  tho  •■oar 
abvvo  dMHlbod,  pawoaa^ly  appowod '— -  koMra 

-^  1  pinoa«r)MafiiMmol9aaba«ribod 


I  fvnoaaiMMao  la  aabflc 
to  tho  within  la«>ramoat.wiMiibod  aa  a,  ■•«>■ 
riae  wamaa:  aad  npoa  aa oaamlaatlanwithaat 
tho  hoaHmi  o?  hor  haoNiMI.  t  <»»*•  k«r  ao> 
qiiaiatad  «»lth  tho  eoMoiiia  of  tfM  UMtrammi. 
and  OotMipoa  oho  aehi^ladgod  ta  ma  thai 
ohooMOtttod^M  MaMtSad  that  aba  daoa  aat 
wloh  to  rotraot  oneh  OMMMloa. 

In  witnmo  whmof  I  havo  hcfoto  ool  my  haad 
and  aOxad  my  Metal  aaal.  tha  daqr  aad  yaar  la 
ihla  cottlAcata  Aiat  abovo  wrlttoa. 

Tha ■ekaowMndtt  to  a  miiwiMaM  aiada  bgra 
GorpoiatioaauiatbalakaibyaadbaAMlkaMMM  oS> 
cata  praMslbad  9»  othar  paMaa. 


•tato  of  •— ^coaaty  of  — — ^ 

m 

, ift 

tho  abova  laatmmoat,  and 


On  tho  —  ^y  of——,  A.  b.  -— ,  bofbia  mo 
poraoaaUy  oamo  I*.  9..  th*,  frooidoat  m  tho  <— ~ 
comaaay.  poraoMdy  kaawa  ta  mo  M  bo  tt« 
proaldMt  of  tho  —  BOfporaMaa  thdt  oaooatoi 


tlMt  ouch  corpotatlen  _; 

In  tMtlmoay  whorooi,  I  havo  horoanta  aal  aw 

hand  aad  ajBaad  aiyooal  of  o«eo  tho  d«yaa« 
Mr  niat  abova  wrntoa*  ^  . 

(Aa/.]  (.SinmHt^mmdUlk.) 

9wmit  by  aakaOTtMa* 


witaaaam  an  dead  or  eaaaot  ba  ha^  by  ovWmm  ofdM 
handwiM^of 'hopartyaadof  otlmwoaamnHirllilaK 

wltnaaa. 

No  proof  of  a  artaaOhy  *!''—.  f^"^  **  *'^m!^ 
taklaCUMBCoof  wbathafamoa  whoMamM  ia  wb* 


aeribd  M>  &  eaaaoyaaoa  aa  a  wttaiaa  iImnMv  ar  aMH 
boaaekbydw  oa*  w  ■■naiiitaa  or  a 


'•?!??'•••'••'  — 
cnaibla  panoa. 

No  oaitUcaM  of  laak  praaf  ahaB  ba  _ 
aach  wihaeribtat  winwai  akoU  prova  diat  iha  . 
whoao  aama  la  iiHiiMlbtJ  thaioto  aa  a  party  la  tha  paf> 


•on  daaoibad  ta,  aadwbowaCiMddta  I       .      ^ 

Bus  BU 


•tataof- 
Oa  Ala- 


ooaaivaf ——•■•. 
day  af-— >A.  D, 


•ight  hundrod  and ,  paraoaally  aapaOiod  bo- 

foro  ma  {lurt  imttrt  nmm*  aid  l^h  ^fMttri,  ta  aad 

for  tha  said eoanty, •  pataonally  haowa  ta 

ma  to  bo  tho  aamo  poraoa  whoaa  noma  la  oaf- 
■cribod  ta  tho.aaaoaod  Inotruiaoat  aa  OjrItaiM 

*Mpf«a- 
ont  an'^  taw  A.  B.,  poroonally  kaawa  to  Mm  ta 


thoroto,  who  bolaa  by  ma  dtily  owan 
aad  aatd  that  ho  rMlMo  ta  — -,  that  ha 

ont  an'^  taw  A.  B.,  poroonally  kaawa 

bo  tho  oamo  poraon  dooortbod  ia  aad  who  ( 
cHtad  tha  aald  annaaod  laatmmoat  aa  A.  B» 
—  tbcrata,  algn.  aaal,  aad  doUvm  tho  aama 
that  tho  Mid  A.  B.  Mknowlodaod  ia  tha  pfMoati 
of  Mid  afimt  tkat  ha  aaatntod  tho  aama  firooly 


rsL 


and  voluntarily,  aad  for  tho  aoM  aad  aaraaam 
thoroln  monHonod,  aad  that  ho,  tho  oaM  awiat, 
•ubaorlbod  hla  aama  aa  a  witaam  tharMf. 

In  teaHmoay  whoro^,  I  ha««  horouata  Mt  my 
hand  aad  aflaad  my  aflmal  omI  tha  day  aad  yoar 
to  thia  cortlSMta  fliat  abava  writtaa. 

nxnrouL 

laatftiHicau  .  jt  tha  oomrtyaoca  of  land  aiaat  bo 
ackao»^o(!|»d  n  provad  bafcio  aithar  of  tha  Mlowinf 
ofltom :  W4i*>  acknawladgad  withia  thia  Blato, 


;  w%*«-  acknowlodfo.  

bafeio  «  vijuey  piMie  or  UaTtad  Slaiw  coaualialoncr, 


whothali  »S< 


ary  pibUe  < 

U  Ml  Mat  : 


a  IMI  tar  iachoaeary.  etocutt  or 


county  dork,  hialica  of' tha  paaoa  (the  oflteU'ckaractar 
of  tha  lattar,  ffka  ba  witboi     ' 


witbool  tha  coan^  whata  tha  land 
.»      .J     .... «o«rt), 


a,  to  ba  cartidad  by  tha  ctok  of  tho  cotouy  «ottrt) 
ly  Goart  of  raeoid  ha¥lng  a  aaal,  or  any  jndaa.laMtot 
'  clerk  thertof,— If  bafera  tha  coiart  or  dam.  ma  aaa 


B     ««,«    lHfl—»    IM    ■  ■■■■•■« 

Whoa  aekaawlodmd  or 
ito.  and  witUa  da  Xlaiiad 


Haa, 

any  < 

or  d  . 

of  court  baing  alllKad. 

>vod  without  thio  Statu.  ^       ^     _ 

lie* :  balbra  a  Juatioa  of  tka  paam  (bia  oaaial  dla^ 
•ctcr  bdn(  oartllad  m  above),  notary  pnblie,  Valtad 
Stalea  oooualaaioiiar,  comariaatoaar  of  dmdi,  mayor  of 
a  city,  or  dark  of  n  oouatr,  luch  oflicar  atUlae  Ma 
ofllcfal  laal,  any  hidM,  Jiauca,  or  dark  of  aay  UMad 
Staiaa,  State,  or  Territorial  court ;  or  tka  odtMarladg- 
■Mm  any  be  ta  coalbradty  with  the  laara  af  tha  Siait 
where  aiada.  fai  which  cam  a  cartUkoM  ofoaafcimity 
A;mi  the  dert  of  a  court  of  roeard,  with  tho  ami  of  oomt 
'red,  or  oonlbrailty  auiy  * 

jta.  WhonackaowM 

without  tho  Ualtad  ■MtMt  bafera 


•aila 


aflxed.  ia  requlrad,  or  oonlbrailty  auiy  ba  provod  by  tha 
law*  ofaueh  auta.  Whonackaowlod|odarBi««od 
without  tho  Ualtad  BmtM ;  bafera  any  aoan  haviag 
a  teal,  auiyor,  or  chief  oilcar  of  aay  city  or  lowa  Mvlag 
a  ical,  BilMalar  or  aaeiManr  of' 
Vaiiad  Stataa  to  oay  MialgB 
oflldal  aaal.  or  aay  omoari 
to  take  ai'iaptrladowaia  i 

aeal,  proof  mt  ha  la  duly  ^ , 

tha  admowladaMM  any  ba  la  caannaiiy  w 
feralga  law,  aad  ao  eartlMd  by  aay  onaatd  or  i 
under  hla  oflkial  aaal.    WhM  aa  ockaowladv 
■•vie  befao  a  oomaiiafaMar  of  IlUaaia.  it  BUMi  oeanly 
with  tho  kwa  of  dUa  Sitts,  aad  U  oartitod  oadwK 
oMdklaml. 
Proof  of  the  aaacMloa  of  aay  hMmanaM  amy  be 
kaay  V  aad^  arkaa  ^  *— *°' 

ttkapr«of'oJrlhdrliMdwriii«^  or  of  tho  koadwrithw 
of  tha  tmotor.  if  tkato  ha  no  aiAaniMag  witaam]  aai 
paat  a  oartidcata  tkaioaC 

Artt—wlodHimat- 

•lata  of  .r— •  ootMrty  af  — *i  M. 

A.  B,  and  »•■  ■•  Bia  wiia,  patimita^r  aaawa  m 
motobaOoi 


made  by  a  aubwribiBg  wttaaa* 
or  auhacribing  wif  "" 


^"^^i^T^s^^^BSi^ 


_  lac  thai 

war  of  Mm  tktht  of  h«maataad.* 
CMvan  undar  my  haad  and  aw 
dw  ar>— ^  A.  K  — — . 


iH 


A.  P.-^-^bAMmo<aam»aarfaWf  <<  jjgg)>Mr 
poaradW.T..ta«apa«aottaayltaaw»tabaaw>f- 


poirodW.T..ta»apa(aoaaltyluMW«takaB«w- 
oartbfaw  wttoatc  t»  tim  foiagatav  4Md  (MfiftM* 
AM*  awy  Ar, "  who  haapravad  to  aw  m  «aik  «f  W.  ti 

••••li'TtaMti 


-,  parMaally  MpMw<  b»- 
w  itW  liHtr  ^tftMr),  ka  Mid 
',  — ,  parMMily  haowa  to 
NMB  whoM  nam*  to  Mf- 
1  lMtr«ni«Bt  M  •  ytmi 
r  m*  tfvly  awwa  MfWMd 
•  la- — .thMlMWMpraa- 
maaaUjf  kn»wa  to  hw  to 
lM«rib«4  la  MM  wka  •«•- 
I  laalnMMSI  aaA.Bi,pwty 
aa4  Mivwr  MM  MMM I  aai 
aawMgad  la  tha  praaiati 
I  asa«ata4  i 
tor  tka 


W  uM  VMM  MIS  Mi^B|l00ft 


a  a  witoa 

tf,  t  kava  harawito  aal  my 


Liirom. 

oomrayum  of  kwd  moti  b« 
btfera  aidMr  of  ih«  failowliit 
vMf  a4  wHhla  thia  tttto, 
r  UmM  Sum*  eoauaMoocr, 
k  awtMr  la  ehaacwy,  eiwiiit  or 
ha  p«an  (ika  oflteU  ckaiMMr 
koul  ih*  eowily  whtra  ih*  land 
te  d«k  of  tlM  couaqr  «o«n), 
ig  a  Mai,  ot  aay  Jadw.laMlet, 
w«  ik*  dourt  ordM.HMMal 
Wban  ackaawMmd  ar 
kato.  and  whkia  dM  ViImA 
of  IM  paaoa  (bit  ofldal  ehar- 
above),  aotaryp^He,  UalMd 
aailiitoBtf  of  aaadi.  Mayor  of 
iiaiy,  (ucb  oMctr  allaiM  "' 
■   *     *       Ua 


mat*,  at  doik  of  aay  t 

tal  court ;  ar  dM  aeknawMf 


■Ibrailiy  aujrba  pravad  by  Ibo 
Ml  ackfwwladga*  ar  pravad 

latoat  balbn aay  aaan ha«iag 


RoMT  of  aay  eJty  or  ie«iilia«te 
ivy  of  l^atlotti  ar  ooaMnof  too 
rdga  cuaairy,  alMMod  bgr  bb 
^^'jiltodtwft-itailfttow 

iba  BiiiT*  wut  aa  aflMal 


,  , . i  or 

■y  ba  la  ooaMndiy  «Hb  Ibt 
llod  by  aay  eoaaal  or  atfalawr 

Wbaa  aa  aabaowMBMMt  It 
•tr  of  nUaela,  it  HMti  atataly 
M9,  aad  ba  aartlted  aadtr  Mt 


oa  of  aay  bMlnMNat  nay  bo 
iumki  aad,  trbaa  ibt  graaMr 
b  daamod,  iba  olMr  amy 
wttm^orof  Iba  baadwriibw 
bo  ae  tabacriMag  witattt;  aad 


Wt*^!^  har«bf«artl^tk*t 
win,  paraaiia%  k««wa  to 

tlag  InauwaiW  ••  haviac 
Maaro4  bcttoa  matWsdw 
wMnd  that  tiMar  ilfHr* 
rtiaiaM  iMMTtiiMM  uwalr 


tdaad 


naalBfw  MMf  «Mr  ^  #btr4 
•wflMMT  Wtta«Mk 

^atMiJMi-~r<ir^ 


MNt#Mitf  2M^#^ 


*<m 


BlliMO||sdi    tpStMMUWy    MP" 

MaMa^ka««niMtefta«f> 
ka  foM^oc  4Mi  (M^  j^  m 
provtd  w  BM  aa  «aik  of  w.  Ai 
DrtatMpaia. 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 


«3 


1  cndlUa  trkant,  to  bo  a  tabtcHblag  wiinou  lo  iht 
A>rt«ol«g  dtod"),  who,  after  baiai 
actardlac  to  law,  dapaaaUi  iw  ' 
whoaa  mmm  apptara  aMbainaifi 

iho  raal  paraaa  wha  aaaaatod  J 

hatkaadd  W.  T.  aubacrlkad  Maoitaiaaaa  witaaaa 
ibMato^a  tka  praaaneaiaad  at  tlia  ra^atat  af,  tfca 
tald  A.  ■..  wkkb  la  anAolaat  oridaaco  to  ma  af 
tba  MMaaUaa  of  aald  daad. 

la  MaHmeay  wHortof,  I  havt  boroanto  tot  ny 
baadaadaaalat .thla — dayof — ,A.D. — ■ 


Wtm    Me  daad  ar 


riiMar 
tala  m 
tatkricM.   Aad 


arwaivlaa  tka 
tk«i  aMMakallaa** 

ar  waMag 
Iba  otrtMoan  of  aa* 


,  tba  latoaaa  aad  wahrar  of 
•r  fcawTaaladd,'  or  atfMr  vordt  wbiek 
irpiiiiil  ibaar  ibat  ibo  paittaa  oaataitag  ib* 


rigbt  Aad  aa  nkaia  or  «al*«r  by  ibt  biitbtad  ibal 
blad  Iba  «Nb  aahat  aha  Jala  la  aaeb  rttaaM  or 
walw."   ft.8.i«n>Ck|is|t|t. 

nrntAMA. 

Ta  a««HM  ray  aaavayaaca.  martiam,  ar  li 


■wnair,  loramw.  aoary  NMO.  or  BMyor  oT  •  dty  la 
*>>■«  or  ■■?  otbtr  Bmm,  ortaftM*  aay  coaHatatloaer  ap. 

in  ihb  iiaia  odMT  Aaa  dw  aaa  h  wi^ibo  tMatSr^ 
jyJ'B'-AJ^fyfrJ'i  *■  J^MBWtiHiaitai  aMM  U 


In  »bl«b  dM  oSotr  rtfMM,,aad  antHtd  by  dM  mO? 
Ktld  caaiti  Uii  M  acbaawltdpaiwit  btlWa  ja  iSetr 
h«vla|  Ml  o«cl«l  tool.  If  MltiMdlv  1Mb  odCUttoT 


AgriiiaiiiilidiM  lai  of  aay  taaiaiaam  la  a  — 


trb^igMiaii, Mrf  bgW  to  prJ^gSritfStdg 

—  'L''l:ni ' ''^~    mm  111  III --..I 

llBtoNH&M «r  aay  la^ adoMwItteMM  aMM  ba 
kavMiicapaaaraiiadMdWMS^aa^S^liSJir^ 

IWMk. 


tayia.  ;^  7^  ~"~  "  "• 


haad  aad  aflUad  ny  eOoial  aaal  tka  day  aad  yaM 
(Sipuiiurt  amdHili  y^brr.) 
bjr  SMbaarlblMir  Wltaa 


{Smi.] 


■mm  af .  aaaaty  of ,  aa. 

■a  It  rtaMatbwad,  kbat  ea  thla day  of 

A  p.  ——,  katora  ma,  tka  undtralKnad  (mmm  «im 
*'*^!JL^**'^' !I!P*»'^  appaarad  W.  T.,  tha 
••baBrtbfat  wftatto  to  tba  oaacutlon  of  tho 
witfda  daad,  af  lawfkl  Ma.  who  boloc  by  mo 
4aly  aworn  apoa  kla  aatt  dM  dopeco  and  aay 

tkai  aa  tka  —  day  af  »   "^       •  •- 

tba  wHkla  aamad  iraBti 


td  arai 
,aad  d 


-.AD. 

I.  A.  B. 


■ .  ha  aaw 
W.  B.hla 


wlfa,  aica,  omL  aad  daUvar  tha  wl'Jila  daad,  aa 
thab  Ml  awl  daad:  that  tkia  dapaaaat  at  tka 
la  tima  aifaad  kia,aama  aa  a  witaaaa  af  tha 


amaatlon  af  aaM  daad,  at  tka  raquaat  aad  In  tba 
praaanca  of  aald  graatera,  which  graatara  wara 
ai  tha  Uma  avar  tha  aaa  of  twaaty-eaa  ytara, 
aad  af  aoaad  mlad  aad  mamary,  aad  laboring 
nadar  aa  dlaabUlto  aa  far  aa  dopenant  haowa. 

la  taatbaomr  wharaof,  I  hava  harauato  aat  m* 
'**"'  f?»^_P!— d  toy  oSlcial  aaal  tka  day  aad 


whkta  tha  Mata  miM  b.  Mk^Mgtd  btfora  tooit 
e««  ^»'"«  •  ••«,  Of  some  Judgt,  or  citiii  or  ifeniiy 
SSttiSTOd^'S.^-  •"  '"""-^P-Wcortcouo,' 
laMrumenn  oXodag  nil  tMatt  txoeaMd  ant  r  "« 
•MM  but  wittladia  Ualtad  Smim  mom  <  ^ 
kao«4adgwlb<^i»«iomeeounofitcord,oroAr  d* 
'■*■  Iba  taal  dMftof.  or  beiar*  tORM  oonuaht  v>  of 
datdtappobMwlbyihtga¥«taorardMtSuM,r      ^of 

aaiary  public  or  lindeo  of  dMnaott  i       ahcn 

-i  a  Jutiiot,  a  ctnlAealc  oadtr  die  oflck  teal  of 
_-  prtptr  auihoriiy,  of  dM  odkHal^Uraeter  of  laid 
Jailict  aad  of  Ml  MMbority  to  trim  taeb  ackaawimla: 
toMM^aad  of  Jht  gnuiatatm  of  .^  tigaatatt,  ibal 
toetmpaay  add  cewMcato  of  aebaowMgaMat.  Sucb 
ItotiiiMiMi,  tf  e»o«attd  wttboot  tba  Ualtad  ttataa, 
■airbtaduio»ledgtdor  |m«*mi  balbre  aaytMbotMidor^ 


bafena} 

ibt  prtati 


Unliad 

MM  may  abo  to  adnMwMlfd  or  proToa  bafin 
"**u?L",'***«»  .9*"«*T  •*•  ••  MlhoHjtd  b* 
kWMbtreof  to  cerdfr  to  At  adiBOwbibMtnM  <j 
fj'*'^^-i^  *»*  tordflcata  «f  Mkiiowloi%k 


■MM byafercign oVricer  MUU  hi'LdMad«»Mi  b^^ 

MMal  wriliM  ctticaMat  dial  iUI  (Udt  and  cradit  ta 
^  to  dM  owddcta  of  tuch  faroigB  oilel^  dSl  U 
dtoiMd  tnficlMi  evidmeo  of  dM  «MU«cadoa  of  arid 
olkw  totoha  achnowMgpaiM,  aa3lwotrd<y  ibaitoo, 
aad  of  tha  fmnmniaii.  3<  ]ita  ilgaatarc  or  taal.  if  ba 
bavaaay.*  ' 

^nMntftiliiaM  of  acfcaoarltdmuiit  miat  oonlaia  iht 


-2— V  x-~- ~ -^  >»  •>~idcal  wrton  wboM  naaie  b 
gywd  toatoto;  or  dwt  ■«*  IdaaUlt  wto  piwad  by  at 
hattoaacma^jiltaato/ianagFto,);  aaddHat  Mcb 
!*•"«  •gapwtodlH  dM  halnuMat  to  ba  bb  vchiatary 

-_-.  die,  or  M*  twaadaaca  oaaaot  bo  pro- 

nh»n  to  acknoaHadat  it,  aroc?  of  die%e 

_____  _jd  daHtory  of  iha  deaf  amy  le  Made  by  oat 

MiMMMtptnoa  other  than  dMWMdoe  or  odMT  pitiHin 
^??y  ?*.''■*"*»«'» "«  •"•cutod,  and  tha  CM'dficaM 
of  aebnoaMgaMM  mmt  contain  dM  dde  of  otBocr'tak 


aetaaddttd,e 

If  ibaaaMor 
eartd,ariMiaKi 
aaacadoaaaddi 


---caaciaion  of  any  dtod,  mortgage,  or  otbtr  imtra. 

■ato  la  wi1t>ag,_e)ioeiii«d  by  an  attomay  In  bet,  may 

by  the  •ttaneytMcudag  dM  nml 

—  - le  IncreoT  mu«l  conlaia  tbe  dtle  ot 

-  Mdag  aeknowisHcnwnt,  that  the  paiaoa  tigni« 
» MM  partonaily  known  to  ba  the  idn^al 

■hSae  Oaaeml  StaaMto. 


•1 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT, 


■igik4«  MiiM  u  MtonKy  In  hcl  for  |ranu>r.  und  lh«i 
Mich  panoa  acknowladgM  the  ImninMnt  lo  M  tlra  act 
■nd  dMd  of  ■nuitor  by  him  u  hii  attorney  thcrtuMo 
•ppointad,  volunurily  dona  and  axaculad.* 

In  avary  coavaynnca  of  real  atuia  iha  joining  of  tha 
wlfa  with  har  huaband  la  dcamod  luMciant  lo  fmatU 
har  Intaraat  In  tha  proparty,  aithar  aa  hia  wifc  or  In  har 
own  right. 

Convayancaa  by  corporallona  nuur  ba  aaaoMad  by 
any  officar  thanof,  qualiftad  iharsto  by  chartar  or  Uwa 
aTlha  corpoiadon,  Iw  giving  hi*  title  aa  audi  oficar,  on- 
d<yii«  ihM  ha  la  dHly  aiithorlud  to  act,  and  by  atiach- 
Ing  the  smI  of  tha  oorporation.a 

A  nurrtad  woman  may  convey  har  laienM  la  nal 
•Male  In  the  aama  manner  aa  other  paianaa. 

4«kiM«l«4iffai«N»-H(MikMi«  •■«  WIflk 

■MM  of .Muntyof — -,••. 

On  thto i*y  of  — ,  A.  D.  - — ,  btfora  m* 

(MU  ^/iA*  tMtrf  or  t*r—m  t»/»r*  tuAtm  H*  mtkHtml- 
MftwMrf  it  Utktn)  paraonaUy  cam*  A.  %  oa^  W.  B. 
hfi  wIM,  to  ma  paraonallr  hiMwn  to  b«  tba  tdan- 
tloal  poraooa  whoaa  namaa  ara  aMaad  to  tba 
abeva  4aad  aa  grantora,  and  aeknowMgad  tha 
wnaution  of  tha  aama  to  ba  thair  volimurjr  a«t 
wd  daad. 

Wltnaaa  my  hand  and  oetariat  («r  oSeU)  aaal 
■la  day  and  yaar  above  writtan. 

iStrnl.}  (Sipmtunmiidtitb^^ir.) 

Pr«*r  by  •MkMrtMa*  WMmcm.* 

■Uta  of ,  county  of ,  aa. 

Be  It  tamambarad,  that  oo  thia  —  day  of  — — , 

A.  D. .  bafora  ma  «#/«  «^  emrt  ar  ^gfe*r  b^fltrt 

mltam  iht  attnumMgrni^U  it  «a4ir«)  pafaonally  ap- 
'  W.  T. ,  who  eaing  by  ma  flrat  duty  aworn, 
poaa  aad  aay  that  A.  B.,  tha  grantor  In 
ng  daad ,  VM  paraenally  known  to  him, 
___  __it  tha  aald  ATb.  wna  dadd  («r  atete  ilu  rm- 
muArlUi  iwM-<iMMMfaMr#),  which  la  aatlafiaetory 
proof  to  ma  that  hia  attaadanoa  could  not  ba 
atocmad  to  maka  thIa  ackhowladgmant  («r  that 
having  apoMiad  he  rcfoncd  to  |cknowladge  iha  inatni- 
OMnt):  and  tha  aald  W.  T.  firthar  dapoaad  and 
aald  Oiat  ha  aaw  A.  B.,  tha^crantor  ttaraht.  «A- 
aeriba  an«  doHrar  aidd  *»»fl*r ^VJ^?^^?! 
tha  gnator  iharaia,  aekoowMgad  to  Mm  thai  ha  kuKl 
whaerlbad.  aaabd,  aad  csacatad  aaid  d««l),  fcr  dM 
naaa  and  pnrpooaa  thaiMn  oMHitlettad,  whiah  la 
aatlafbctoty  proof  to  ma  that  aald  Inatramrnt 
waa  amcniatf  to  aald  A.  B. .  whoaa  aafna  la  thara- 
mto  Buboeribaa  na  a  party.         ^  ^ 

In  taatimony  whoiaof,  f  h«va  harminto  aat  mjr 
hand  and  aflUad  my  notarial  (ar  «<Vr  oOdal  aad 
<olBea)aaallha4a]randyaarnferMaM. 

■AmiiUk 

All  eonvayaneaa  and  atkar  Inatnunanta  ^taet- 
ing  real  aatata.  acknowladflad  within  Mm  ttata, 
■UMt  ba  aduiowMnd  before  aena  court  havtag  a  «m1. 
or  loaM  judge,  joMoa,  or  derit  diareaf,  or  aeina  JuMko 
•r  die  peace,  notary  pttHe,  camaty  daih.  or  nglaier  of 
daada.orawyororclMoraalneofinMtaddty.* 

Tf  aeknowladcad  ent  of  HUa  BlMa.  it  miM  ba 
balbra  foaia  cowt  of  laoard,  or  dark  or  ottoar  hofaUng 
tha  icat  tfamof,  or  balbf*  aoma  comBrftdoaar  to  take 
the  aduowladniMMa  of  deads,  appointed  by  tha  ««*• 
craor  of  thIa  Stale,  or  betara  aontc  notan  puMk  or 
iutice  of  dM  paaec,  or  Ldbra  any  eonaol  of  tba  Unltad 

Stttca,  reddant  ia  any  fcrdgn  port  ' — 

taken  bafora  a  Juatiae  or  die  peace,  the  i»>;».« 
mint  be  accompanied  by  a  eattlncata  of  hia 
charuMr,  under  dta  hand  of  die  clerk  of  aoma  oMnt 
of  r««n{,  to  which  die  aaal  of  aaid  court  muat  ba 
irfHaed.<  • 

Chmeral  Vtirai  ut  AcknwMrlc^gMMi*. 

Butaof , county,  aa. 

Ba  It  ramainbarad,  that  on  thto  - —  day  of  — T> 

A.  D. ,  bawra  me,  the  ubdwraignadi  a  —  la 

and  fcr  <aaid  county,)  came ,  who  tt  (frmn) 

penMaUy  known  ?o  om  to  be  Uie.  aama  paraon 
|M-perM«a)who  es«NMd  tha  (abova, IbngeiBg  »r 
irUUa)  Inatnunant  of  writing,  and  anch  penwB 

n  .Ilea  General  Statniaa.  f-Tida  XIII.  ch. «.  »4I. 
•.tlM.Cll.8e, 1 9.    %.Id.|a>s 


(ar  paraon*  aach)  duly  aeknowledgld  the  aaaeutlea 
'thai 


In  taatimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  eet  ray 
hand  (and  aflUad  my  eftcia' 
day  of ,  A.  0. . 


ISm/.l 


odkial  «r  Botarid  iaal),thla 
O.  R.  (OJUiMlMU.) 


county,  ia. 


A<h— wli<giaHt— By 

ThaMataaf .  ,, 

Ba  It  remembered,  that  oa  tkia  —  day  of  — , 
A.  D.  — ,  before  me,  the  undereigned,  a  —  la 
and  for  aaid  county,  came  A.  B.  aad  W.  B.  hia 
wife,  who  ara  each  paraonally  known  to  me  to 
be  the  eame  peraona  who  aaecuted  the  (above, 
feraadng  «r  within)  Inetrumant  of  wrMag,  and 
aiM»  pareone  each  du^  acknowledged  ttie  ea> 
aantion  of  the  eame. 

In  teetlmony  whereof,  I  have  herewnte  aet  m* 
hand,  (and  affixed  my  —  aaal),  thIa  —  day  01 

"iTiia/."]    ■        '  O.KAt^ltMMU.) 

Aek««wl«dlBiamit--%y  AUmtmf. 

•tate  of , eoanty,  aa. 

Be  It  remembered,  that  on  thla day  of  — , 

A.  D. ,  before  me,  the  undereigiMd,  a  —  ia 

and  Ibr  aald  caunty,  eame  A.  B.,  by  A.  A.,  hia 
attorney  in  faet,  who  le  paraonally  known  to  ma 
to  be  the  aame  pareen  who  eaacutad  tha  (above, 
fcraadng  er  within)  Inetrumant  of  writinc  far  aaid 
A.  B.,  and  he  duly  acknowledged  tha  iaaeatloB 
of  the  aame  (by  virtue  of  a  aowar  of  attomay.  duly 
amcutad  by  aakf  grantor,  baanag  date  Iha  —  day  M 

— — .  A.  D.  — ,  and  racoided  In  tha  odUa  of  Iha , 

of  —  county,  In  tha  Stale  of  — — ,  In  volume , 

pMe ,  of )  ror  and  aa  the  act  of  aaid  A.  B. 

in  taatimony  whereof,  I  have  haretiato  aet  my 
lMnd(and aeal)thla — -day  of — -,A.D. — 


A.  D.— ,  balbra  ma,  tha  wndaralgnad,  a  —  in 
aad  Ibr  aald  eonnty,  came  1. 1;,  who  la  pofnonally 
known  to  ma  to  be  tha  aama  paraon  who  ei- 
ecutad  the  (above,  faragdng  «r  wIBiIb)  laalmment 
of  wilting,  and  each  paraon  du^  aeknowladged 
that  aaid  (natrumant  waa  farmer^  aaecuted  by 


htm  when  an  Infant  under  tta  a«  of  twenty-ope 

log  hia  f 
ttareof,  and  dnl^r  acknowiodgad  the  naaatton  of 


jraara:  that  ha  alnce  arrived 
M  deMrotta  of  cenBrmii 


age;  that  ha 

hia  termer  aMMuHon 


iNaami 

la  taatimony  whereof.  I  have  hweuato  aet  my 
huid  (aad  aixad  my  aoiarial  *r  oAdal  tad),  thie 

[AaTl  O.  B.  (QflcMHUtA 

A«lwwUBB——t   nf  AiBMtelgtwHw  w 

ICmMil«*r> 

•totoof , eoHaty.aa. 

Ba  it  remembered,  that  oa  thla  — -  day  of  •'i—, 

A.  p. 1  bafera  me,  the  undereigned.  a  -— ■  in 

and  for  aidd  county,  came  A.  B.  (asaenMr  of  ae 
btal  win  and  taataaaat,  #r  adminialrator  of  dM  aaute 
and  efltois),  of  A.  B..  deeaaaad.  who  ia  paraoaaUy 
known  to  ma  to  ba  tiia  aama  paraon  who  •»• 
aeuted  Ae  witiiln  inatrumaat  of  writtnci  nnd 
such  panoa  duhr  nBhnowladgad  t^  aatraoBan  of 
th.  I  aame. 

ia  toatfiaoBir  whanof.  I  have  hareuaw  aet  my 

band  aad  aftied  my aaal  tba  day  aad  year 

laat  above  writtaa.  _     .... 

[&•/.]  5tpaaA>rv.- (QtkMtUb.) 

The  wttMB  daad  approved  by  me.  thla — 

AalHiawl*<||W»   mt  Smiv4tMk 

ftato  of —>.->— coimty,  aa. 

Be  Ik  rM^M|Mrad,  that  oa  tide  7—  day  of  — ^, 

aadf 

Kceaaed7wto"to"naraonaifr  ¥nowB  to  me  to  ba 
tha  aame  parao'i  who  eaacutad  the  wittta  iaatru' 
maat  of  writipigi  *M  ■oeh  pataon  duly  aekaowl- 
aAMd  dw  avaeutloa  of  ttM  eame. 
latHUnMaywlHmrt;!  have  hareuato  aatav 


rday 


1  ttreaiMBMrad,  that  oa  thia  — day  of— ~-, 
>,  — — (bmra  ma«tta  uadimigBad.a  --- i" 
for  aald  tenaty,  eame  O.  ft.,  luardiaa  ^  we 
an  anf  Mtato  of  I.  B.,  laiaor  heir  of  A.  B.. 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 


>owl«d|i4  tiM  •aMnttoa 

I  hava  haraunto  aat  my 
kUI  «r  aotariai  Mal),thia 

O.  R.  lOJUiMltHU.) 

Bounty,  M. 

it  AD  taiB  —  day  of  — , 

>a  ua4anlgna4,  • Id 

kma  A.  B.  and  W.  B.  hU 
•onally  known  to  ma  to 
rho  aaacutad  tba  (above, 
rumant  of  wrMof,  mm 
f  Mknowladgad  Oa  aa> 

,  I  hava  hwaMMto  aat  m« 
—  —i),  tbia day  of 

O.n.  It^UMt^U.) 

■t— %y  AM*ni«y. 

>ty,aa. 

tt  OB  thla day  of , 

ka  nadonignad,  ■ In 

ima  A.  B.,  by  A.  A.,  hto 
pawo— lly  k««w*  to  ma 
who  aMoeutad  tlM  (abova. 
imant  of  wntiog  for  aaid 
lowlodgad  tbo  iMcntlon 
if  a  oowar  of  anomay,  duly 

bmrMg  date  iba day  of 

dad  In  tha  oflko  of  iha , 

ua  of  — — ,  Id  aolonia— -, 
I  aa  tbo  net  of  aaid  A.  B. 
r,  I  hava  baraunto  aat  my 
— -  day  of  — -,  A.  D.  — 
O.  K.  (OjfieMMU.) 


irtatr  uitttacgr* 
lty,M. 

at  on  tbto day  of  •— v 

Im  wadaralgnad,  n In 

na  1.  Ill  wbo  la  panonally 
)a  aMM  »H*«B  wbo  a«- 
pttg  «r  wiBiIn)  laatrnmant 
traoB  duly  nekaowladmd 
vaa  fermarty  akacutad  >y 
lar  tbo  nga  of  twanty-oao 
rtvad  M  iUU  afai  tbat  ba 
Ini  bla  tormm  akaavtlon 
iwladgad  tba  •sMutiOB  of 

r,  I  bavo  brnvnto  aat  m 
Mfial  »r  ZSm  iMd),  tbIa 

""^  O.tt.  (QgleMMltA 


Bty.aa. 
«t  OB  tbia  • 


-day  of- 


tba  iiadarnicnad.  a  '  ,  . 
aaaa  A.  B.  (aneawr  of  dM 
r  admMttfator  of  tba  amta 
laaaaad,  wbo  ia  paraoaaUy 
ba  aa»o  paraen  wbo  *«• 
ttrnmottt  of  writtac,  and 
twiadcod  tb«  •M«nBaaof 

f,  I  hava  barannte  aat  my 
—  aoai  tba  day  and  yaar 

mtmrt: {OJkMtUk.) 

rovad  by  ma.tbia— dby 

P.J.,FrobaMjii4iti. 


nty.aa. 

lateatMa day  of—-, 

Om  uB4«rai|Bad.a  —-m 
ma  oTM.,  gaardlaa  af  tta 
r.  B.I  Minor  bair  of  A.  B.. 
toaVbr  knowa  to  ma  to  ba 
HMcntad  tko  witbla  inatni' 
mcb  poraoa  dnty  ackMWI- 
tba  aaaa. 
«,I  bmra  borauata  Mtmy 


■4*^i^  S^S^SMS^^'^ 


-  aaal,  tba  day  and  yaar 


band  and  ailtaad  my 
laat  abova  writtan. 

\SmI. ]  Sirmahu* : ( QMetmt lUh  ) 

^^Tha^w^thm  daad  approvad  by  maTlhta  —  day 

(Wj  P-J-Probaiajudga. 

Itata  of , county,  aa. 

Ba  tt  ramambarad,  that  on  tbia day  of , 

*•  "i — :•  •••»'•  •"••  »b«  undaraignad.a  —  in 
«w  tb9  oounty  atoraaald,  aania  ■.  t.,  tbaHff 

"' !!J«P^'  '"  *•»•  •»•»•  •'  ««oima,  wbo  la 

paraoaally  hMWB  to  ma  to  ba  tba  aama  paraon 
who  aitaantad  tba  within  Inatnimaat  of  wrMnc, 
and  BjMb  pataon  duly  aehaowitdgad  tba  aaocS^ 
Hon  of  tbo  aama. 

In  taatlmoay  wharaof,  I  bavo  haraunto  aat  ray 

I^MabS^ Cfrittan!"'' '^''  ""  ''•''  '"*  ^ 

l*^J  "    SigmHur*: (QgUiUMU.) 

.^  A«)lllMlwlMltM*ti*-T»X  9—*. 

State  of  Manaaa, county,  aa. 

I  hMaby  wtlfy  that,  bafora  ma ,  a In 

and  fbr  aaid  county,  paraoBally  apptarod  tba 
aboraHMiqad  C.  C, elar\  of  aaldco«in», poraan- 

at  tba  data  of  tba  aaoeutlon  of  tbo  abovo  cenvayw 
anca.  aad  te  ba  tba  idaatioal  patMHi  wboaa  aama 
la  attsad  te,  and  who  aiacuind  iha  abova  con. 

vayanao,  aa  clark  of  aaid  county,  and  wbo  ac 
!?,*":£s"*  «»>•  •«f«tttlon  of  tba  aama  to  ba  bla 
ftfJ^ST^JlS^lti!?*' "  •Jw"  of  aaid  aoaaty, 
'•<;»*•  pwpooa  tbwaiB  aapraaaod.  ^ 
^Witnaaa  my  band  aad  aaal  thia day  of , 

Tha  builMuiJ  aniat  Join  la  ooa*«y>aca  of  wlia'a  prop- 
erty; corMBIIoaa  axaeuta  ctnvayancaa  by  dia  pnaT 
denl,  pradding Dunbar,  ortniataa  Ihaioof, attaitedwhh 
ihcir  corporata  aaol,  and  ackaowlaifaEad  tha  aama  aa  cod- 
Tcyancaa  of  wivata  paniaa. 

UiMdiaoaMnd  daada  Duty  be  piovad  bafora  any 

l'.!!?.  ■°*.  t,^"?"'"^.  •»«  itanWbuahand."  or 
ralinqutah  bar  dowar." 

State  of .county  of ,  aal 

Bo  it  ramainbared,  tbat  on  tbia day  of , 

Ai/flduiP—^--"  - -'■"  '"'^ -Vmtmid tait  in 

Btata  I 

whooa 


that 


aao,  baa  diad  ainea  amcotlBg  tha  aama  (m- 
.ri-fc**  ■?5i»*«'  wiM*  bJa  attendanca  could 
°?«>>y*««gX  «"•"««  to  mako  dia  aekaowl- 

■*■■•'»'•*••  »bo  daad,  «*  ihi  tmtt  «■«>  tt),  and 
"??f!.?5'2* iV*J^-  ■•» wboaa  nama  ta  tbara- 

yiS'STa^.'d.SSf  "^  •-•  *-^-- 

quTrad  by  Iha  law  la  thb  Suia,  thaVarSTbTiiS 
hyany  pmoalnmrinBthe  &ciaiobapravao.MMMSHU 

handwriting  of  tha  giaatsr  and  of  dM    "    •'"""""'■ 
i  raaottadto oMfl  It  Ja ab 


'■'^"'■*^«»P«'»««»>r>wtogS?^ 

'abUahod,  aai  w  coepSiUriiiiHidMW  b 

meat 


,. for 

-  M  ba  ai- 

by  aMKM- 


■mTVCl^T. 


■narrlad  woman  may  ba  admlHoTM  laeorri  whan 
*«aattMd  in  thia  i&ate.    rOb^lZdilSSril^ 


iMfnrti  Iha  propar  clark  by  iha  party  nulling  dia  daad. 
1.  Ur  by  Iha  prtjof  of  two  •Mbacribing  wliaaaaaa,  »r  by 
the  proof  of  one  luUcrlblng  wItrirM  who  ahall  abo 
prove  ih«  ■iiasutlun  of  the  oiher.  i.  Or  by  prdof  of 
two  wllMMe.  that  Iha  lubacriblin  wlineiaaa  aia  both 
daui,  and  abo  Ilka  proof  of  iha  •Ignaiura  uf  one  of  lliam 
■"1  '5i.'.™  ■">»•«■•  4.  Or  by  Ilka  proof  that  both  iha 
aubacrlbing  wlioeuaa  are  out  of  the  Suie,  •r  thai  one 
U  io  abaenl  and  the  other  la  dead,  and  alao  Ilka  proof 
of  the  tignaiure  of  one  of  the  wiineMea  and  the  giantor 
S.  Or  on  Iha  certiflcaM  of  a  chrk  of  a  county  cwurt  of 
Ihl*  Stale  that  the  tame  had  been  acknowbdaad  or 
provad  before  him  aa  required  by  thb  tjcilon.' 

Daada  (moitngei,  etc.)  aaacutad  out  of  ibto 
■tete  an4  wtthfii  tba  Unltad  Stetaa  by  peiaoa 
other  than  married  women  may  be  admltied  to  laonl 
when  the  aama  ahall  ba  oonitie  (,  un-ier  hin  aeal  of  oAo% 
by  the  clerk  of  a  court  or  hi»  deputy,  or  by  a  nottiw 
puWJc,  mayor  of  a  city,  or  aecraiary  of  Suie.  or  com- 
mbdiner  lo  lake  the  acknowledcmeni  of  deeda.  oi  b* 
■  JiMf*!  <>"«r  the  acal  of  hb  court,  to  hava  been  ac' 
knowMgad  or  proved  by  him  la  ihe  manner  hereby 
rcqiHred.*  ' 

..R!^"-i"l?!?'P«"'  •"•)  nnocutad  out  of  tha 
United  Mataa  by  perauna  other  than  married  women 

?iZi'?_**""2^  J*  """^  •*"  "*  »"«  ••>»"  »*  <*T- 
lined  by  uy  brebm  minbter  or  conaul.  or  aacralary  of 
bgadoa  ^  tho  Uolted  Sutea,  or  by  the  taontary  of 
foraign  aflUn,  cartiSad  under  hia  aaal  of  oflko,  or  tha 
••Jrltr  ■  *WW«or  «>un  of  the  naUoa  where  the  deed 
r*!!'  'if**F^'  *"  1^**  '>'<"  BCknowledMd  or  proved 
before  him  In  iba  maaaar  pr«M:ribed  by  lawT 

Where  a  drad  b  pruned  by  peraona  other  than  At 
aubMribIng  wliMaaaa,  tha  oflkrer  ihaU  aiaie  tha  aama 
andnaideaoa  of  aueh  panona  In  hb  oartlflcate.a 

,;g!A*i<T!!Fg''  T->*Jf  "wrtad  woman, 
to  baoAmnal,  ahaTS  acknowiadgad  befoio  aome  opa 
of  the  oOoaia  named  In  the  precediiw  aactlona  and 
'"V'J"  •'l*^»*~'^."?*?.  f"  !*"*  Pravloua  to 
auchadiaowiadgmmt  It  ahall  ba  tha  duty  of  tha  olHoer 
to  explain  to  her  tba  contrata  and  aflbct  of  tba  daad. 
?;«yi*'y.-^  y?  «»».»»  huabaad,  and  thereupon 
\'  '^!J*^f*  »«*»«»»<«y.»«»»«>w:»*l»  the  aamc^mli 
bwllllBg  for h to  bo  ramrded, the  oflnr  ahaU  cirtiiy 

I*"."^*  *t  *^ni  »•  '*'*•!•  «•»•  ••haowiadgmant 
iatahan  by  an  o«Mr  of  tbia  Sttte,  he  ahallllmnly 
eartifythatltWM  acknpwiadged  before  him  andwlSan 
It  waa  dona,  wblch  ahaU  ba  avidaaoa  that  aha  had  baea 
uamlaod  aeparalaly  and  apart  from  bar  buaband,  aad 
the  contMiMxptainad  to  ^,  and  that  aba  had  vjrfun- 
jarlly  Mknowiadged  die  inatrumont  and  eonaented  that 

Comawawaalth  («r  Kingdom)  of ,  aewty 

(•r  town,  «r  eity,  #r  depaitmaBt,  fTpiuSS)^ 

»•.!•  *?•  Bv'****'*'.*''  ^M-ltUk),  do  eartiiy  tbat 

with  W.  B.  (#r  from  W.  B.,  wifo  of  A.  B.)  waa  tbte 
dayptadiiMd  to  mo  by  tbo  y«rtiaa,aad  tbocoa! 
2'2ff»<5«tot«»fthalBatrw5^bABfatiplaiBid 
!?  *&4^%*-^  ?*•  aaparatehr  and  apart  tkwa 
bar  huabaad.  dm  tbarwipM  daCUMd  tbatidioSS 
fNaly  and  voliiBtorlfar  meitto  aad  doUWlrttS 
aamo  to  bo  bw  Mt  aa«  dood,  aad  conaanttd  tbat 
tha  aamo  might  bo  raeordad. 

Oliraa  uadar  my  baad  and  aaal  of  oSca  tbit 
— —  oay  of      » 

f*^  O.R.   . 

S  *5!i2?^L!S"  •?  *•»•  *••<•  ^^  ••«•  wiifc 

aad  ackaowlMtea  it  before  the  aame  officer,  hia  acknowl- 
jftBT*  ^rr  «i»d«ad  widi  dyt  of  hb  wife  Imme- 
*?^*..?S!!^"f  ^J«**  "ySliaa,"  ihua,  "which 
J- •!*«"»Mga  by  diaaaid /Tb.  t<^  ba  hb  act  and 


Md.}iT.    a-Id.}!!;    V- Id.  I  at.    w.|d.|ei. 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 


K 


If- 


!        \ 


•r*  pMMMlty  hiMwn  to  ma  to  k*  th«  Mm«  wheat 
MOMS  M*  M  wrltton  ■•  witoMwa,  mi4  kaiag 
wtooiBly  Mrera  few  tarn  In  daa  niMiMr,  <M  mv- 
•raliy  dMter*  m  UMtr  MtlM,  that  ttM  m14  A.  B. 
dM  aeiiMwlad«a  thla  iMtruaiaat  to  ka  Ma  act 
alcaatura  ikaraM  «raa  mad* 


Mid  daad.  that 


lad«a  I 
liattlM 


at  thajr  haow  him  to  ba  tka 
tin  who  U  lumad  aa  tha  grantor  Iharala,  and 
tkatthoydl 
hlaroquaat. 


that  thoy  did  aubaniba  aald 


grantor 
iaadaai 


by 


inowMniMil  aad  cwtlicat*  an  ta  tl 

§Km,  racaM  thai  (Im  eofporatioa  bum  tiga 

'  <■§  by  iu  prtadpal  oAoar,  aad  aAa  ac 


biNH«iai1 


aad  ae- 


Olvaa  andar  ray  hand  aad  aanl  of  oSca  thla 

Corporaliem  mccum  lattnioMMi  ai  IndlvMuab,  and 
ifm  acknowMamcnl  aad  cwtlicat*  an  ta  tha  hum 
pt  thai 
byliai 

An  cofnyme*  or  taMnunaM  BMy  ba  aekaeadadgad 
bdbfa  a  cuwaili«loa«r  of  Loolalaaa,  athoaa  eaitMcaia  > 
andar  Mai  will  admit  It  to  racord  iKaia.  Thla  oAear 
aiay  alM  tanitr  •»  tha  oAaial  ehanetar  aad  toMioM 
ofaU  miMie  oAcan  bi  Iha  Stata  lb.  which  ha  ia  ap- 
aolMail.  An  nehnawladgMant  nwidnln  annfannlty 
with  tha  Uws  •fiwyoBMr  ttata  to  valid  In  thla 
•tata.  Tha  oMdal  characMr  of  Iha  ptnon  bdore 
whMB  tha  aekitowMgHaat  la  aiada  ami,  howarar,  ba 
liiuuMiy  vannad." 

Whaa  they  era  not  aaaevtad  or  adnMwhdaad  tialbro 
a  eotaailialaaer  of  Louiaiaaa,  thay  aMal  ha  auihaMl- 

itt.  By  aoot  Judna  of  a  coon  having  a  Mai,  to  hava 

■a  takan  bafera  Mm,  aMciMiw  tha  tia*  aad  pUc« 
whara  takan.  or  that  thaoMaar  bafcra  whom  it  wa»  lub- 
Mribad  waa  dn  ffofar  oMear,  and  thai  hia  atiaatatlon  U 
to  dna  fismi. 

ad.  Tha  ganulMMaa  of  Aa  tli^aiafaornwh  Jndgt, 
Iha  aaltianca  of  tha  eaoft,  and  tha  fcel  that  MKh  indn 
baHMmbarthanof.BMatt  baMttM  byadaikof  tba 
coon,  nadar  tha  Mai  tkai«a£ 

id.  Tha  official  ohanKtar  of  tha  oflaar  bafiira  whon 
It  b  mbaeribad  awy  alaa  b«  •Mi.n  by  tha  carttteaia  of 
lhagoraniar.theM«Mlaryl«f  alata:  tha  chaaeallor,  or 
tha  kaaper  of  Iha  graat  aualef  tha  Stala,  or, 

4th.  It  nay  ba  takan  bafcra  any  eoaiaiiarionar  far 
LouMaaa,  duly  appulniad  aad  coaaiatidnad  by  tha 
■Dvcmor,  aad  iha  aaid  coaahaloaar  may  abo  oarlUy 
Iha  oAaial  qmadty  aad  acta  of  aayJnd>i.iaHloa  of  tha 


r1  capacity  and  acta  of  any  Jndgt. 
panea, or  oSariuhils  oAoar. haUHng a cmnwiwion  or 
actlag  undar  tha  authority  af  tha  Staia  or  Tanlton  to 
whS  ha  raridn.  and  far  wUeh  ha  thai  hava  baan 

''KehnowMnannt  of  daadn  — awmd  wtdtfn  tbto 
■tnla,eoa*ayiag  bnJt  atoaad  to  oroMof  OaSlata, 
guy  ba  auda  bafcra  a  aotary  pnbUe,  ar  yaibh  laeordar, 
or  hb  defMty,  to  tha  paaawca  of  two  witnaaaa.^of  It 
iMy  ba  draw*  on  and  rinad  aa  a  privau  act,  and  than 
ntlaowMgad  with  thaiSova  £raalltl<a,or  tha  wii- 
naaa  aay  go  bafcia  tha  racot^or  aad  iwaar  that  they 

IT  akfaa  tha  aohnowMpnai*  ihouid  ba  laiWtod  of 
Miidaarity?  ^  ^       , 

Convayaaca, ale., by «ofpak.vicna nra  aaaraiad  an) 
MknowMgadbythapMvarotlaarto  thataaMWnaa 
todlvMualM      ■ 

WkaroMT  ■  oMtftoa  wownn  toisB  wMh  ter 
htMhnad  to  any  act  aAeilag  kb  real  oiaia,  itb  ne 
dmy  of  Hka  oMew  bAM  wEm  tha  act  b  naaad  to 
cmaiaa  bar.  apart  Ao«  Iha  praieaca  of  har>iAand. 
tandttog  tha  OrMdia  of  bar  action,  and  ta  Infaa  bar 
fcnyoftha  aatwaof  her  rkihiaqKmdMprapatty  «r 
hw  hatband,  and  It  antt  apoaar  upon  tha  fcoaof  the 
act  that  thbiuw  baan  dona.  In  other  caiat,no  pattlcu- 
lar  Ibra  of  werdi  b  ratnifad.* 

Anil— ■fliiglfit  mutOmm*  wmI  tn*h 

Ba  tt  MOMNiMNd,  ttiM  M  JUn  dny  MfMi  M^ 

atonSlMl^W  M  MtehlTB.'  n^wf%  Ua 

wlfi.M  moMMMi  Mmw«nltap(arpfo«ad  m^  by 

two  eradlMa  wtoMMaVto  ^2*  jmoM  w^ 

nnman  to ■uMitttil  to.  Xhif  iw^^^■^ dand. and 

thoaaid  A.  B.  MhiH  wliitgirfthjwiohad  inMWgd 

"  aoa¥»y»«o  (ar  tuur  miit  mmmii  Hr  OM 

moa  fiiil  (^  JtfMoao  tbnrala  maattoiiMd 

s4aa  OmmibI  Sianitea. 


and  aat  forth,  and  tha  anid  W.  B.  batng  ky  mt 
Aral  made  ac^unlntad  with  tha  conunia  of  aald 
inatrumant,  in  an  aaaminatlon  apart  fron  htr 
huaband,  and  (telly  adviaad  of  tha  nature  of  h*i 
righu  upon  hto  pranarty,  aehnowiadgad  that  ah* 
taecutod  tha  anma  ftraaly  and  withaut  eompulalan 
or  undue  iniuanea  of  her  aald  huabnod. 

WItnaaa  my  bond  nnd  aanl  of  ofllce  on  thit 

dny  of .       {Stgmmt»r*  aW  MU  ^  ^ttr.) 

KAINK. 

Oeada  ta  order  to  bo  recorded  aim  be  aekaowledcei), 
If  aaoentad  la  thto  tuto,  beista  a  I  P.,  or  nm.it; 
pubiie :  but  If  anaautad  out  of  thla  State,  Mart  any 
JuaMoa  of  the  peace,  aaglatraM,  or  notary  public  In  any 
of  the  United  Staiet,  or  by  a  eammlMiofMr  appOnleil 
In  an*  other  State  by  the  gnvamor  of  ihh  State :  In  an) 
foraiata  aountry,  by  any  United  Sialct  ainiiter  ot 
coaeul,  or  notary  public.  A  wile  auM  Join  In  a  d«ei 
nf  her  huebaad  to  ralinquith  dower,  or  aay  do  to  by  : 
•aparaM  inanuaiem.  If  the  JoIm  with  her  buaaand, 
the  aeknowladgacnt  of  cither  M  MiBcienl.  If  the  *n- 
culM  a  MparMc  deed,  ike  bum  aekaowledne  It.  She 
need  not  be  examined  Mparaie  (roa  her  boebend  In 
order  to  acknowledge  any  deed.  The  huaband  muM 
joto  with  the  wiib  In  conveylag  A«r  laal  eeiata,  when  k 
wee  deeded  to  her  by  kia  ar  Mt  rdaiivaa,  or  paid  for 
by  hb  aaaaa,  kul  not  olkerwiae.r 

Tha  ackatabdaaent  of  lay  one  granwr  b  mlllcleat 
aadlhaaeknowM^antafdtawMb  dwaaaMmthai 
of  any  other  paiawa. 

AaiwwIaJfMi-  ■•■nwU  r*nB. 

Q/rturwMtmt  Sml. 

■tnta  of  — ,  eonntv  of ,  aa. 

On  thto day  ^ ,  A.  D ,  nanonally 

apponrod  the  abovo-nnmod  (rrmmUri)  mm,  ae- 
hnowiadgad tha  foregoing  InMrumant  by  them 
atonod,  t5  ba  thoir  froo  net  nnd  daad. 

Betea  ma,  J.  P..  J^ulkf  ^A»Pm.t. 

Tha  aagbiiaw  need  not  ecHlfy  that  ha  peraoaalir 
kaowa  tha  giaator. 

Tha  dead  of  a  corporation  i*  acknowladgad  by  the 

Gnaon  aulhoriatd  by  the  epedal  role  er  the  general  bjr- 
wa  of  the  corporation,  and  In  behalf  of  the  eorpoia- 
ikm,  10  tign  it;  Ibr  axaaple : 

■tnta  of  — ,  •onatf'  of ,  an. 

On  thto dny  tif .  A.  D. ,  pomoanUy 

nnpoarad  tha  nbovo-nnmoa  {ag—t  «r  nMmni),  and 
MhMwIndgod  tfco  fltragolng  InatrnaMat  tnbo  the 
ftoa  net  and  daad  of  (/A  t*rp»nuim). 

Bolbm  ma,  J.  V.,  JiMk*  ^a»  Pimc0. 

AttmtmdHfgmmt—OmimiHitmr  ^  DnA,  «r  tikrr 

pftm  h»mt»gM Stml.mitifait  JtMr. 

■lata  of .county  of .an. 

Oa  thto day  oF .  A.  D. ,  BonaanUy 

naBMrwl  baforo  mo  (<*»  aww  narMrM  the 
nbovoHUunad  A.  B.  (rmtfer),  aad  achaewMgad 
Ma  laotramaat  to  bo  hto  Srao  net  nad  daad. 

Ia  uatlmoay  wharoof,  I  have  hatouata  aoi  my 
h^dMd  aitood  myaOallnl  ooal  tbodaraa*yaar 

rt—t  %ir  BabamrlMagr  fiUmvmm, 

Tha  ibUowiiV  pnmf  Bwt  beaBndad  (0  iho  deed  I* 
which  it  rdatce: 
■ttta  of — I  county  of  ^-^^  on. 


•r  c. 


-.conn 
'diqref- 


,A.D.- 


.attlM 


b.,  tka  grnatoo  la  the  fcragolac 
A.  B.,  tha  grantor,  a.nMdan 


county,  to  bo  totally  muaiaoBad  *a  apaM  Mbre 

mo  on  tha — -dny*' •  A-J>.-rr.»k^««»« 

taotlmoay  of a.nd ,  aabacrlMnt  ^frg"' 

ta  aald  daad.tiiaralB  oiatiag  tbadata^naMJo^, 


aald  gmntor  wna  (er  wmi  nottpcaants  anoi  waa 
oatkAad  by  the  toMmoay  of  naWwItaeaag  ttwt 
Soy  anw  aoM  dood  duly  oMeutod  kir  A.  B-.tiia 


In  toetlmoay  wbaraof,  I  ha«o  boroaato  nM  my 

aad  nad  nAMd  my  ofltotal  atnl  «M  day  aad  year 
aiampld.    \Smt.)    {Sjgmimr*  — rfftMf  <^<#to»r.) 

The  toaBMoa  hum  ba  taeoad  and  aenwd  id  Jmit 
Mvan  daya  before  tha  tiae  of  haariag.* 

v-R.  S.  en.  n, J|i.a,i7;  ch.  6i,|i:  ch.  <aj.|6 
■-R.  8.  ch.  73,  H  IMS. 


ha  Mkl  W.  ■.  kafcm  uy  m« 
4  with  tha  canunM  oimM 
■•■iliMtl«a  BMrt  ^1"  *<*' 
4vtM4  of  Itia  iMtur*  of  hm 
wty,  Mbii«wi*4t«4  tiMI  (h* 
NW  Mi4  withsul  campuMon 
r  kar  MM  Iliiabaa4. 
I  and  aa«l  of  oflUa  oo  thit 
a^iMtarw  aW  M4r  ^  ^ttr.) 

EAIMK. 

rMoMad  mint  ba  sehaowkilceil, 
Itata,  bafera  a  I  P.,  or  nni.iry 
4  ant  of  tlila  ttata,  hafort  ary 
iglMma,  or  Botaiy  public  In  any 
tr  by  •  comwlMMMr  appa<mc<l 
i«  giivamor  of  thii  Blala :  In  an) 
any  Unlwd  SlaM*  ailaitur  m 
ic.  A  wlfo  auatt  Join  in  a  dc«i 
Multh  dower,  or  nay  do  to  by  : 
Ir  iha  lolM  wiib  bar  hnakand, 
tUbar  b  wiBdaat.  If  tka  •«•■ 
■ba  auM  achaowtadpi  It.  Sht 
laparaM  from  her  hatband  In 
any  daad.  Tba  husband  muM 
mvaylaa  W  laal  aatata,  whan  h 
bla  arlria  rabuivat.  or  paid  for 
itharvlaa.' 

I  of  am  oM  gnMor  la  luAclaM. 
Mariiairtfbia  thaMUMaadut 


rwMtmt  Sml 
tfpt ,••. 

a — ,A.D. 


agoinc  liMtnim 
raa  aaf  and  4ao4 


Iniiinimaat  by  tbam 
.„.aa4  4aa4.     , 
J.  P.,  ymilict^tktPimf. 

1  not  eattUy  that  ba  paiaonally 

MfMlon  Is  acbnowkdfid  by  ibc 
ba  apaclal  *ata  or  tb«  gsaanl  by- 
■.MdiBbabalfoftba 


ity  of ,  M. 

of  — ,  A.  D.  — ,  pataoMtlly 
-tUMiaa  {atnl  «r  aiiinu])),  aiM 
traMlafl  wMranMrt  mm  tha 
'  (M#  M^Mns/iUs). 

J.  r.,  JMk*  ^Iht  Ptmet. 
mmkilmmr  y  DnA,  «r  tikn 

llvof— — ,M. 

M  ——I  A.  D. ,  MfMoaUy 

M  (ghm  namr  ami  Mb)  tha 
(/niafar),  and  acbaowlwlgad 
Mhla  Am  act  m4  (Uai. 
iraof,  I  Iwva  iMfavM*  aat  aiy 
poflto^  wMl  tlM4a]rM»yaar 

f  Bast  baaSidwd  10  dM  daad  l> 


ttyof ,••. 

r---,  A.  D. ,MtlMt««Mat 

la*  in  tha  faraMteg  d«M.  I 
graator,  ■  raaidaw  «f  Wi 

•f ,A.D.-~;toliMrtita 

»d .  MfeoeriMiit  wlMifi«a 

a  atati^t  tiM  4**^  mM*!!^' 
*  tbaf«l».  Mid  of  Ma  MbM*<b- 

I  on  aM --- d«r  M-;->v  A.  C. 

a  apMcnd  wad  laatHMU  and 

»rwatnat)praaaBt>  tutd  Iwaa 

tiaaony  of  aaW  wtfaaaaa  Itwt 

1  d«ly  aMciitad  ky  A.  ».,tte 

tra«r,l  tatralMrmiito  ux  my 

M  ba  hauad  aad  atrvad  at  Jaast 

tiaw  of  baartiiB.* 

i,a, ly:  ck.  'iifi:  ch.  >oj.|i 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 


niora :  in,  •  notary  piiMic ; 
of  iba  Unlisil  Smics  ,  id,  a  : 
Suia  or  Ttnrilury  havina  a  ■ 
of  this  RlsM  lo  taka  ih«  achnc 


VAHTIiAWB. 

if  aabiMwIadffad  within  tha  luta,  tha  aclinowl 
•dnbant  may  ba  mad*  Ixlor*  a  iuallc*  of  ih«  paaca. 
judge  of  (h*  orphan*'  •nun  or  of  tha  cIkuIi  court  ni 
any  county,  or  IxAira  ilir  Judga  ol  tha  auparior  cimtl, 
court  of  common  picaa,  nr  circuit  court  ror  Bak.imor* 
city.  If  acknowladgad  ba^ra  a  jutlica  of  ih*  paaca 
•itnin  ihu  Suia,  but  out  uf  iha  county  or  dly  la  which 
Ih*  raal  (tut*  or  any  part  uf  It  liaa,  tha  olliclaf  characiar 
nf  tba  Juatica  must  ba  cartlHad  to  by  tha  dark  of  di* 
circuit  or  suparior  cuurt  undar  hia  odiciai  taal. 

If  Mhaowladgad  without  tbia  tuta,  but  within 
lb*  Ualtsd  States,  tha  ai  knowladgiaant  may  ba  made 
bsfcra  :__itt,  a  noury  piihllc :  sd,  a  Judge  of  any  court 
I  Judge  of  any  court  of  any 
I  seal ;  4lb,  a  comaiissioiier 
kaowledemaat  of  deeds. 

If  Mhnowladgad  witkoni  Aa  UiUtad  tutaa, 
the  adiaowledgaMat  may  be  made  bafcre  any  minl<i*r, 
coMMal-gsnend,  consul  or  coMufar  odker  of  the  Unliee 
Sutati  any  notary  public,  or  a  coaimiasioaar  of  ihir 
State  to  taha  aebaowladgaMnt  of  dasd*.* 
,^»»ary  odkoar,  bafcr*  whom  any  acfcnowledgmeni 
thai  ba  aMda,  shaU  give  a  caniAcata  thereof,  aad  in- 
doraa  o«.  or  amtaa  lo  the  deed,  such  oertiAcata,  and  the 
certldeat*  sbaU  ba  racerdcd  with  the  deed. 

Toa¥aryearUAcataof  acknowtedgmsni  takca  without 
tUa  State,  hefork  a  Judge  of  any  court  bavii«  a  teal,  (he 
•eai  af  soeb  aourt  sbal  be  aflxed. 

Tha  rardleata  of  acbaowladgment  shall  eomala  th* 
aama  of  tha  pcFSOb  aaklag  Ih*  ackn^wha^menl ;  the 
oiBciai  ttyla  of  (ba  oltor  taking  the  eckaowladgiaeak : 
the  Maa  whan  It  waa  ukao,  and  a  stalemeM  that  the 
paalaracliaowMgad  the  dead  tobahis  act.  or  made 
*n  acbaawiadgBMM  to  tba  like  eflket. 

No  iOBaiata  aaailaarioo  of  a  aNurriad  waiMa  is 

raounMn.* 


LXZL.-; — .^''V*'^  twkBowladga  m. 

|dMd(arMlil#r^rnH>wM)tok«tBlrMt. 

.j,~j.,M»Kf  wkara^,  I  h«v«  karawata  Mik- 

acribad  my  wun.  and  aAaad  ny  aflleial  aaai  tka 

day  aad  yaar  akova  writtaa. 

\Sml.\  {SitmUm^mm4Hlk^4tll€tr.) 

.  ^      ^  ■AMAcnmiarm. 

AakaawtadgaMM  may  ka  nada  bafine  any  Jus. 
Uoa  0*  ^  peace,  or  notary  pubUe,  la  the  State.-  or 
befara  aayjttstiea  of  the  peace,  magistraia,  or  notary 
pobSooaaoauBlssloiier, appointed  for  ibat  pnrpoee  by 
the  gowtaer  of  this  Stale,  within  tba  UniiedSmaa,  at 
iffl'iteSffo'T??'"  orbafcra  a  miaisiar  or  ooaaul 
of  dia  Ualtsd  States  in  aay  foreign  country. 

AckaowkJiiMms  Ubaa  oat  of  tka  klata  by  any 
magiatnta  other  than  a  commlsaloner  tM  Maanebit- 
«««««#  yy  ■>'"^r  of  lh«  United  Stalaa,  idioaU  have 
apaMMaatHliicate  of  the  asagisinua's  appolntmem 
and  ao^ly  aw^  oy  the  saciaiary  of  state  wdark  of 
ootirt  of  lacord. 

.^^LXSS^  ^baa^tdnedeeparmaa^I 

.ba'lSfc'^3!5£2XTl:S^ 

LMiat^  ■M>rn«r  aMMla  by  baaband  and  wHb  fiw  tika 
purpoae  of  authOT^triw  caareyaaoaa  of  bar  laal  Mate. 
amf  Bot  mi>*ly.fi»  iSa  ralaaaa  of  dowor  by  thrirSI 


sHMt  ba  aekadwMgad  by  bodi. 


gCgmmaawaalih  af  Maaaaakuaatm.  aa«a«y  af 

BaatoaTmareh  lat.  A.  D.  — .    Tkaa  paraaaatty 
■HMwrad  tta  akava^amad  A.  B..  and  Mhaet^ 

J.  r.,  Joatioa  of  tha  Paaca. 
,fJtaaa»d|iBaata  byhasbaad  aadwifa  an  amda  in 
L'y.'gy  &»■'  «?»>  «>lrt^  "«fc*  akaaaHMtmad  A.  M. 

-deysf , 

I  General  Statutes.    Ik-Art.  4S.    •Comp.Uws, 


A.  D. .kaltora  ma,  tha  underaignad  (aa«M  aa^ 

IUUtftt^,tr\  paraanally  appeared  A.  B.  and  WT 
■.,  hIa  wifa.  who  aaaautad  tha  feragoiag  aen- 
v«y*aaa,  aad  aavarally  achnowiadgad  tha  aama 
ta  ma  to  ba  thair  Itraa  act  and  daad. 

la  taatlmony  whoraof,  I  have  haratinta  aat  my 
hand  and  aflaad  my  affiolal  aaal  tha  day  and  yaar 
amraaaid. 

[Sm/.]  {/UgmiUmrt  amd  MlU  ^  ^ttr.) 


^  VrMrkyaakacrlMu  WItaaaa. 

Deeds  made  by  nonrssldents  of  Haaaachusetis  should 
ba  acknowledged,  as  the  same  cannot  be  proved  before 
the  commissioiiei*  by  the  suhecriblng  witness. 

If  the  gnntor  die  or  leave  the  Slate  befors  acknowl. 
edgiiig  his  dead,  it  may  be  proved  by  a  subscribing  wit- 
ness  before  sny  cuun  of  probata  or  record.  If  tha  tiib- 
scriblng  wltnesaes  are  dead,  their  handwriting  or  that 
of  the  graaior  may  be  proved  by  wmpeient  evidenc*. 

■ICHIttAIf. 

Convevancas,  etc.,  auy  be  ackanwiedgsd  wtthia 
thia  Stata  before  any  judge  or  commisslona  of  a  court 
of  record,  or  before  any  iwwry  pubMc  or  Justice  of  tha 
pace,  and  the  officer  taking  such  acknowledgment  shall 
Indorse  thereon  a  ccniflcat*  of  the  acknowladgawnt 
thereof,  and  the  tiue  dale  of  auikli^  the  saaM  under 
Ual" 


l«  .  .  .  The  acknowledgment  of  any  married 
aramaa  to  a  deed  of  comrayaiice  or  other  instniBMm 
aAdtng  rsal  property,  may  be  ukaii  In  the  sama 
janner  •* J*  tna  ware  rWlr  (single,  unmarried),  Ast  el 

■M.  B.  Any  acknow!a>lHBKni  of  any  married  waaiaa 
to  a  deed  of  luiivcytfiiui  or  other  iiisirument  alfectiiw 
real  propertv  taken  since  the  4lh  day  of  August,  hi  the 
year  of  our  Lord  liyj,  in  tha  sama  maanaras  If  such 
married  woman  had  been  M!r,  is  valid  aad  eBsctiial, 
and  shall  be  so  he'd  in  att  courts  aad  placm,  Actar 
April  BO,  ilyy. 

No  conveyance  of  knd,  or  InstnimaM  InteadMl  to 
operate  aa  saidi  conveyance,  made  in  good  fakh  and 
upon  a  vjduabla  conaideralloa.  shall  ba  wholly  void  by 
reason  of  aay  defect  >n  any  suiuiory  requisita  in  iha 
saalina,  sirniag,  altestation,  acknowladgawnt,  or  eaitid* 
caia  or  achnowlsdgmaot  thereof,  otB.d 

If  any  snck  conveyance  shall  be  aaacutad  la  any 
atkar  tuta,  Tantitory,  or  dktrki,  sacb  deed  may  ba 


aeeording  to  die  hiwsofsuch  State,  Territory, 
or  disuiet.  aad  the  eaaeatlon  ihcrsof  may  ba  acknowl. 
edged  befoio  any  Judge  of  a  court  of  record,  notary 
p;*'««.  imjb»  <»Oha  peace,  amster  In  chancery,  or  other 
oflcar  aaibotiaad  by  the  laws  of  audi  Suta,  Tenilory, 
or  disttkt.  M  taha  the  ackaowMBBcm  of  deeib  ibeiein, 
or  before  any  cwamiaslonsr  appointed  by  the  governor 
of  Ihia  Slasa  fcr  inch  purpoae.* 

In  Iba  aaam  provMsd  for  in  tha  last  prseedliw  sec 
<lon,  unlew  tba  acltnowladgment  be  taken  befara  a  eoss. 
atfsalonar  appointed  by  the  nvamor  of  this  Slam  for 
that  jpurpom.  tach  deed  than  kava  attached  thaialo  a 


certldeaia  of  tha  dark  or  other  proper  certifying  oBcer 
of  a  eooit  of  racerd  of  the  conaiy  or  diatikt  witbin 
which  such  acbnowkdgaMnt  waa  taken,  undar  tha  seal 
of  bis  odka  In  tha  usual  font,  that  iha  paiaon  wboee 
name  la  subaeribed  lo  tha  certlfieaia  of  aebnowlsdgnMnt 
waa  at  the  data  iheraof  such  offcarm  ha  Is  therein  lep. 
raacnlad  to  ba;  that  ka  baHavm  the  signature  of  such 

Srsoa  subaoibad  tksrsto  lo  ba  asnuina,  aad  that  tha 
ad  la  executed  aad  aekooadaApd  aoeordii«  to  tha 
lava  of  sueb  Stata,  Ttoritory.  or  dfanict.' 

If  aaaetttad  is  a  ferattncmuttiT,  It  amy  ba  accord- 
ing to  tha  lava  of  aack  tnutrf,  aad  may  be  aekaowl- 
s«V«  bafoto  aay  notary  pubUe  lherel'.i.  or  aUnister 
pleoip«<tsatfaury,  minisnr  aatiaordinary,  mlniater  real 
deal,  dkitfgt  f^^iirti,  coouaissloaer  or  consul  Of  the 
Unhad  Stalm  aanoiaied  to  raalda  tbcrefai,  which  ac 
knowtodgmem  shall  ba  certldad  thereon  by  the  odker 

MaMal  of  oBea  skoaM  ba  aOaad  to  tha  oaitldeaia. 

ThmlsBoatatatotyproviaWaforthapraofof  daaib 
by  anbtcrlblag  witastam  eat  of  ihia  State, 
ft  irTfntirl  !§!■■■«  WMaliifB  mMI  WMk 

Blata  af -— t  Mturtv  of—,  la. 

On  tkia --- dnr  of ,A.D .  kafara  ma 

(aaam  amd  lUti  tf^gk*r\  pataeaaWy  cama  A.  B. 

tl-Comp.  Lawa,  i]4>.     a^lorop.  Lawa,  ij4a 
■p.  U«a,  iMg. 


fa'stfc.'ii^^^i^^iL^^e^-- 1^^ 


acknowi.eih;mbnt. 


•M  W.  a.  hto  wita,  kaawii  !•  m«  !•  k«  Um  fumtm 
WiM  •aMul«4  tha  for«t»lnfl  InatrVNMM.  •••  ••• 

taawMfad  iht  mm*  M  m  llMir  h—  m«  bM 

In  Mstlmanjr  wliaraar,  I  Imt*  haraunM  Ml  My 
lMa4   and  aaal  tha  4ay  aa4  jraar  akava  M«a- 


tiiHt1^^0**r  ) 


■iimHHrrA. 

AaknawtotfgMMM  May  fea  Miiaai  wltkUi  A« 
•tata  ky  )u4Mt  ■#  iSa la^taan.  QbtHct  MJlPitikaa 
CoarM^adcUrkiar  iIm aaaMj  byCbriuof  riMUatm 


litltmtfl 


Noiariai  PaWk,  JhmIcm  af 


/DMdi, CMMjr Coaiailailaawt aa4  AudlMfa, 
Tqvb  Clariu.CliyUiH€*.  VIIIb«i  Kiroi^nPiawal 


y—-i«— «.— —  —  —-m-^,  .yClMluaf  riMUalMd 
SlalM  IMirtrief  Caurt  (br^lf iBBMfM,  (Lawf  ■•n.Q'-  M« 

wftaa4 

U*t,  iM,  Ch.  «.  P' >9i)  t  "(Mi  M  baafllMlirkafv 
*«*r  Mak  u«  ataJTcO.  >,  ilitiCii.  fai  •  iUaall,  Ck «a, 
Tltfa  a,  >wa.  I,  lo). 

Aak«fwla4cMaMa  avMMa  af  tMta  kM  wWihi 
UaMad  Imiw  aMjr  b*  lakaa  ky  Cktar  m4  Itwariaia 
JiiMtcai af  ika  |a>wiai  Caancf  iha  UalwJ  ll^, 
JaaBM  af  taa  Bvanai^  MManaf  ■  vInmh  av  aMav 
CMrt  of,  lUaard  ar  aay  Stan,  DtatiM  ar  Tarrtiary,  af 
Ma  Uatlad  Stain  i  Qartw  af  abjoi  iialliiat^  Cuatwi 
lleiarin  PubUa.  Jiwtlaw  af  Nan,  CiwmImIi"'" 
appBlata<  kjr  Ma  Ouman  af  ii)it  tiMai    aaaa  af 

fcr  whtak  1m  aan  lawaJi.  ^,  S.  iM,  Ck.  aa^aiMM- 
iM  Uw  af  iMI.  Ck.  (k. ».  na.)  OAwm  uMai 
aakaa«M|BMaiaf4aadi  aMn  Ikli  iiMlia  ikal  a^ 


0m  <Ma 4ay  af- 


•H. 


aakaawMlBMaiaf  4aadi  aMn  Ikli 
pmMl  M  Mck  4aa4  a  aniMkMa  af  tnak  aakMarMinapii 
wtiktiBimt4aia,aadakal*M  aai  •%!•  ••»«>«»■ 
MU.    (UTiOm^   il^ijiMtwa  jg  mC^ 

Ika  Chwama*  af  tWi  Can  fc  Jiia  Vniiaaa>' ar  Wfctaa 
Nonn  PukHa,  ar  ONk  «fa  CmMl  *  *"**  **'>^ 

paaJaJ  ar  ktaana^l  aif  air  n  aaM'  4*i4  •  aartKkaMaf 
ika  CMk  ar  aAar  fNfar  aAaar  af VOawt  af  Jtaaatdi 

«M  lakaa,  nrfn  aMi,  M  llM 
tafcii^  Ika  nfcaiali<«iiar  mm 


adnM 
ka  la  aaaaaiala^  vMi  ab 
iigaaiur*  W  ka  ataaiM  (t(_. 
kowavartkatiiiapntMteua  af 
Tanlwryi  " 
"  '  that 


mmT  MavM  Ml 
•a<  t)t   flj*l4a« 

aNpaa  of  Smt  ar 


kaawMnaaM, kU  baM  J<22*C*'%l7. iw.0at^ 

(AnMndad  La«t  iIm,  Ck.  <b  9m.  'ti. 

•tttia  it  aaw  ba  aaatand  aaaoNHf  tf  ika  j|tM  af 
Um  malcB  eaaMif  wU  ad 
FSiblk  tkafaliirHMMar  V 
C%artt  A  4MFwr,  Com 
"Bind  Bmi n  laa  nlaliiTft 


waM  10  M  etrtuna  indar  dMr  ^aas  lia|  V  MlHp 
kanra  a  If  aMfy  PaaM  Ma  ani  af  aSaa  Maal  ka  aflbifta* 
(O.S.,Ck.4a>Viit.)  »»>wHaf35ilfaiak STSa 

aad  aataewMgaii  aaafcif  nalit  I*  »Ml  >a  aaM  aiailfcar 
aaaeond  la  iiniiiaBi  vMk  ifca  la«a  af  mM  afaMry 


aaaatty  aapaar*4  A.  ■.  la  n*a  knawa  ta  ka  lh« 
»araaa  wna  aaacMta4  ika  farafoi 


iaairanani 

tlMt  in  •■- 

aa4  4aa4  al 


lakakaif  af  C.  O.  aa4  aaknaw 
Mww4  Ika  aaaia,  aa  Iha  I^m 
af  aaM  &  O. 

•.  la  tka  aoM  af  aaryataWaai  ar  Jaini  aia«k 
aaaaatatlaaa.  It  aka«i4  raa4 1— 

Oa  lata tey  of  —  il«    ,  katera   na  ap- 

aaaraa  A.  B.  la  ara  yataaaalhr  knawa.  wka, 
kalaa  k*  mm  4aly  owara  (ar  •Araiatf),  4M  My 
that  ka  n  tha  iraoMaat  (ar  atkar  aSaar  ar  aa  ant 
af  taa  aatparaUaa  ar  aaaaalatlaa).  rf  (daaarilli 


tk«  aaraaraUaa  ar  aaaailatlaa).  aa4  Ikiat  tiM  aaal 
aM*a4  ta  mUI  UMMruaaaat  latha 


aai4  aarparatlaa  (ar  aaaaalatlaa),  an4  that  MM 
laalninaat  waa  algaa<  aa4  aaafai  i»  ^iMW  9t 


aarparaM  aaalaf 
i),an4  that  MM 

batbar 


^       ,      ilaa  (ar 

lla iaarJaf  Mraatan  .     

aal{iwwlaaaiaa  ana  laaarwaaa*  ta  aa  taa  VMa 

aAa  aaaa  af  aaia  aarparattaa  f^t  aaaaalatlaay. 
.  •.  la  aaaa  af  a  naiitatf  wanaa  lolalac  fear 
kaa|aa4,  Wm.  a,  af  Laaaaaf  iSSt.  raala  >— 

Wkaa  a  aiarrM  waaiaa  aallM  wtik  kar  kaa- 
kaa4  w  tta  aMaatlaa  af  aay  aaakjaatraiaaat 

akaaa  aaaattMSTalM  aSatt  ka  4aaailba<  la  tha 
aakaawMaaMataaMtwIn.  mtktm  allaHnr  ra- 
apaata  ha/  aakaawM(Maa|  ahall  ba  takaa  ao4 
«artMli<  aalf  aba  aporaaaMi  aa4  aa  aoparata 
aaaiaiaatiaa  af  a  Matriia  waauw  ia  mpaat  ta 
iba  aaoaattaa  af  aay  talaaM  ar  4aw*r  ar  atbar 
laatiaaiaat  apkaWaa  raal  latala  abaMba  ra^abaJ. 
Paaaa  raiiaira  twa  wHaaMaa. 

■iMMMBMaMMI 
■■^■■i^«*M*a  ■  V  a* 

lift  ft^^M  a^^k^A    ^MBi^ttHftsaBfl^^^UK  M^^^^  ^^,  ^^^^^A  Im^^MS 

aay  JaSfaaf  a\Jab*4  Stain  aovft,  aa-f  Jiid(n  cf  tka 
8<alB,  iiipunr.  ar  einatt  mom,  aay  CHaaa«nr.  aay 
data  af  a  caaut  of  lacerd,  «b*  ikair  awiMV  mhIi  ae- 
kaowMMMM,  ar  praol^  aadn  ika  anI  af  kla  aMa{  «r 
aayfMMa*  of  Ika  g«s«v?fyf /(.iyrj^i.  •SBl!! 

lbs  WMB  MMWVtM  M  Wfthin  Wi  MMMIT  99  NOla* 
4MBMM  OV  pVMff  MA|r  IM  HMMS  ftBB  OTftnMV  t#  wf  MIJT 

or  A  vliivm  Jv^pi Mtlw UailM BlMi^ or  JmMIm  •! 

TmmSnS  fSmVpkm  j  or  wf  JmUm  «I  i&«  jtm, 
wMM  oSitel  WMMiir  dM^  kr  OMtWod  to  uMir  wm 
tmkvtwmm  tmn  ti  mcoi4  bi  kk noaif  i jr  fciihft 
ay  cmwjMtgwr  lyi^  ki  wwb  ti»to  ag  t^pjyty, 

taka  aMkaialijJiiiaia  M  Jmt  af  dawb  aaiaOwr 

laaaataain,  ar  aatary  pokfia  ar  dark  af  a  aaart  «f 

raoaia  kavlMf  a  ani  *f  aaaa.* 

AjjiMrtai  wawaa.  pMtr  n  tba  < 

Tha  ontMaaia  af  adu 

UMOOQttny  MivHw  wms 
laardbria  atetta  4* 
awl 
fd 

who  Mag  (laT  Ally  twoia, 
Ika  wWkia  A.  B..  whoM  aaa 


'S^SaaSClLr  4MMr,  «B«Hr 
MMa  akclliltwi  la  ika  Siaia. 

ona  of  dn  arl^ 


ihiMII  MM  awka  aMnltla  tka  Ma^iM 
-"C.  P.,  aaa af  Iha  aakaariWag  witmnn n  w» 


NaaaMH,lSa«Mn|r  af  •— vk>. 
«.  4UI  aakaaayiMkqga  tigj  >ag»  jka  alf 

■'  ^MBW^^^B  ai^^W  ^■■^W  WW     a^^^  V^^^^^^^   aMV^HHE  Vl^^^Oba 

m^^«teaahb.»MgM.9l.abatM  labit- 


appaarti  A.  K  tfr  A. ■»!»& &S!) to  —  h— Mil 
laiaaayraaraayi)  daaaKhyl  la,  tm 


aahaawl 

aa» 


a  M  tho  pawiaa  (< 

aba  oaaaaM^  Cba  

awMgari  tbM  halar  Ikagr)  oa» 
I  aa  Ma  (ar  nab)  frM  aet  aal  4aa^ 
la  tba  AM*  •*  anatai  p—qm 


>.it 


Jikaa  fcia  aana  i 

,  iikniM  hi  thapMBMMaf  ihafaMA.B.'^ 

la  aH  fam  na  anan  lakiaa  na  adaMMdadnani 

■Ml  aii  hia  tItMian  aaj  dSaTaad  afa  kh  anflf  ka 

ha«a  aaa. 

Af 

af- 

ap 


tba  wMblBMMMad  A.  B.  fid 

S'S.^S^S^ta^S 
biBbiA  a?  aa4  4aa«,  aa 
■  ■MMMaaatf. 

>AK»aa/M^<^«W^> 


--—    —  —  ^-^—  aWW  ^Ww^ff  JIp^P^T 

I.  tba  wItblBMMi        '   ~ 


thaMpaaisoa 

^Otrca  aaiar  mv  baa«  tl 

OnkaankanaMinaan  laai  ka  «wil»iJnpaiiartr. 
•OMiaaf  a|a,|a4«(.  B-U.  ia<M.  ILi^iM- 


VUft 


ACKNOWI.EUOMKNT. 


»  m*  Imawa  M  b«  iti* 
M  (ortgolM  lMtr«Bi«nl 
iiiiMWl«44«i  Um«  M  •■- 
•  h<f  Ml  aM  4a«4  •( 

wwWaw  •*  JaiiM  tiiMk 


•M  MaM  In  StSalf  af 


■alaUaa),  by  mmitmttf  af 
r  ttaaiaaa).  aM  aaM  A.  B. 
fnwat  w  ba  iM  waa  aat 
*****  i*»  a»*— t*****)- 

MM  MrtM*  wM  bar  baa- 
af  aay  awabUalrMMt 

Wtit,  b«0*  •&  <Mbar  ra- 

laalai  amA  tm  lapiau 

M  waaaMi  hi  lupmi  ta 
toaaa  at  4«3*ar  m  aibar 
ti  wtoia  abMba  f«vriMM. 


MMm. 

[MMaia  MMfC  aa  M4abaiMa 
tiai  conn,  ai>7jMWarilM 
I  taaM,  ■«  CHaMMor.  m9 
,  oba  ikaN  aanMy  MMb  as- 
■darlbaatalaf  bbaAni  «r 
■ayor  al  aarc|l)r«  lawBlar 

ilahliaaiiMy  araa*.* 
Im  fatty  asaeattaf  a  atari** 
ilaa)M»rMH4HM,  aahaam- 
■"•aadewtMMwbrainr 
M  aaan  af  iba  VaM  MaMk 
uaiM  niali^,  ar  jMla  al 
•riot  aawtaf  aaylMa  ar 

m4  la  ^ca— lyi^Rfcw 
la  laab  Staia  af  XHtnafyt 
ilwmwaeraMliataMia 
4  wntt  of  oaadi  aaa  mktu 
iUm  ar  darh  af  a  aaan  «f 
ia.» 

rty  ta  VM  aaawayaaa^  aaid 
■  MrlHNbaM. 
twliitjaiat  *'*'**'"**' 

iklKStoAaSMM. 
I  10  iMMnLoM  of  lb*  wk- 
a  aMdajrii  la  iha  fcBaabU 
t  tahtcrfUag  wttMiMa  w  UM 
I  b«ta«  tral  Aiif  twota,  4b- 
•Mria  A.  f..  arlMta  aaaa  b 
Mi  Miver  iba  lama  la  X.  f  • 
IA.B.ael»mrM|r|lHl^b« 
MM  M  laM  X.  r^),  aM  ihai 
bmlli^  bb  aaaM  aa  a  vh- 
•  aTAaiaMiLl.'^ 

Maraud  aSvk  mTW  ba 
ifj— .aa. 

MftM  Mm  (A#W  nMfVV  MMHf 

wHbte-MMMrt  A.  B.  Mi 
i  MbMtwMia  Am  iJMy 
w  iNVMtaf  9aa4  (rr  aibar 
Iwlf^wtf  <M  Ma<.M 

iMtiSt>---tal  a(^i— I 
■Akv  awf  tm*yt0ttr.\ 
mK§  ha  ««t<MM  a^pariiMVr- 
te-U.|a#l.  •-M.Saiff. 


May  RTmaX  whan  ih*  frantnr  U  unahh  or  ua«<t|. 
iiH|lfl*rliikiwl«<1a«ui)r  liMlrunMni  •ffiKiIng  rwl  nlaia 
•  iwiiidl  by  hini 

(.onvmiMai,  Ma,,  miMi  b«  ncknowMBMi.  If  aaa- 
ila4  la  tbia  BtaU,  lM«t>r«  •  court  haWn«  •  fi«J,  or 


•im«  Juda*.  JiMkM,  or  ckrii  llMrwif,  nuury  public,  or 
iiiilc*  or  Iha  PMC*  of  lha  county  whtn*  tha  auala  1la« 
r  taaaiita4  aal  af  tbIa  Btata.  than  baAwa  •  coaiaiU 

!■     Ml  a^y       alkllH  flBA.A.^  »d«A_    ^. ^^-Lll_  «  A 


liniica  oTiba  paua  of  iha  county  whara  tha 
(r  aaaaiita4  aal  af  tbIa  Btata.  than  baAwa  a  •:<»•■•». 
Uonar  of  ikb  9<aM,  apury  public .  coan  of  raeord  of 
ilw  UnlMd  Ruua  of  of  uiy  Sttia  or  Tarrliory  harlna  • 
•nl,  or  alarh  of  any  wch  court .  aad  If  aaaaala4  In  a 
teraifln  aauatry,  than  baA>ra  any  court  of  aay  aiaia, 
klngduia.  or  aai|4ra  havlag  a  naal,  or  tha  mayor  nr  cMa/ 
offli  tr  of  any  city  or  i»wa  ka»ln>  •■  olHcM  Hal,  ur  ba- 
fcrt  a  ainlaim  or  comuI  of  cho  Uoiiwl  SlaM,  ar  a 
aoiary  public  ha*lna  a  taal  •• 

Tha  achno«l'-!%inani  of  iha  oAaan  aiacuilM  for  tha 
(orporailon  ih.wM  ba  canldad,  according  lo  iha  form 
«««  abova  tlvau  modirylna  It  to  daacriba  iha  oAca  ami 
ihai  Iha  act  la  iha  act  of  iha  corporalinn  by  iha  oltcar 
1"  "??"  •««c«llng  Tha  form  of  <  ariiHcaia  af  ac 
knowladpiMnl  bv  a  lru>ica  or  partoa  not  acting  in  kia 
•wn  rijht,  •hould  be  ■•  In  ihc  form  (Inl  abova  fl»an. 
ma<lilla<i  lo  ahow  tha  chancier  of  iha  nantoy  and  ihal 
iha  act  la  iloaa  In  that  characiar. 

A«k«*w  !•<(«■•■«- 

Mala  af -,  coiurty  af 

Oa  tbte  «»  of il^.  bafara  ma 

P"!?"?"'  yt**y aa4 bia  wifb.  la 

ma  hnawrt  ta\a  tba  aaraaa daaaribad  In  and 

*t"  •".'!l"'*f  ^*  *»»«^"«    •nrtramanl.  and 
aeknawMgad  ll|nl  — -aaaciilad 


-fr 


i4  iaad 


In  UaMaiaay  wbarMf.  I  hava  barannio  aol  ni 


-  - — -laiSpy  wbaraaT  I  hava  barannio  aol  i 
hand  M4.ailaa4  my  allcial  aaal  al  my  oliaa 


In 


■•  tba  day  Md  yam^  iral  abava  wHitaa. 

My  Mrm  aaalraa  — -  ili-. 

If  Mfwm  mahliMMknowManMat  I*  unmarrlad,  onii 
Ji^r~: '""'  *«*»,"  and  ad^  and  Iba  aald  —1  fbr- 
ih^  daalM* «•  ba  alagla  aad  anmarriad. 

A«kM«Wl«4«MMi*-ay  A«U»r««j. 

-.2?  ^.r-l *•»■•' .  ••-.  bafcra  ma  aaraon 

ally  aMaarad  A.  B..  lo  ma  baowa  la  ba  tha  par 

K.S&;!"!f"*"*.»''r.*"«f«l'HI  •■amimaorii 
M^J'JS'  ^  •*"  •■l««>"«wladgad  Ibai  ba  aia- 
antad  tbaauM  aaiha  ftaa  aalMd  daad  af  aald 

Vi    Ob 

A«fcB«wlg#BMMi t   0»ap*iim— . 

r  M daiiva«Mr!l*('*S!S!^ baawn,  wha,  balu 
tta  yraHdaat  (ar  oibar  odkor  or  h«ii  of  iIm  corpora 
Hon  or  aaBoeladoa)  of  (dtaeribiM  ika  corporaiiw  or 
I  affaad  ea  aald  tnatnc 


waiMH  !•  b«  tha  fra* 
roraUMI  (ar  iWBCbalon). 

ai>«M8lhaaarpaniitfMioraB>ociaiioahBa  no  corpa- 
nia aaai,  ooui  tha amdi  "tba aaal aSsad  i«  a^dh^ 
T^'^SSt  *  ^  *9f!*»**  "Mi  •#«M  aarparalbw 

•Odavb  etaaao  tba  vori,  "aiid  ibM  aaid  coraar*- 
UoB  (ajraawelwlony^  't»  CotpSJStaTS.'^**^ 


Whoa  a  _ 
■he  aaacolioa 

•dna 

<h?,- 
.ifa, 

•halt  ..  ,mmmm  MB  <ia| 

wparaM  •muak.atiaa 
ine  em — *^ — *   * 

nsM  ai 


laa  a  maittod  weam  uallw  wUh  bar  hoahaad  ia 

•T-^  and  «ftiiad.«  If  Bba  w^aX^ST. 

rata  MMbatioa  of  a  aMMad  woaam  in  rMM  to 
of  any  nioiio  or  Anrar,  or  olbarMsm- 
\  Nat  oamia.  ahaO  ba  caqitaad 


„  .f  f*«f  ^H  "iiba-rlbl**  WltaM» 

irall  ih«  •iibKriliii.a  wiinaaua  ara  daad  ar  cannot  ha 
had,  than  \ium(  itii  ba  mada  by  al  Uail  loo  trmhbia 
wiinaaaoa  |iri>ving  iha  hawlwrliing  i>f  iha  aranlnr,  and 
two  or  mora  rradlMa  wilnaaaa*  prnvlng  iha  hamlwrliing 
of  at  laaal  ona  of  ika  auhacrtbina  wliiiaaaaa  a 
■•MTABA. 

l»ary  convayanca  in  writlna  of  or  al^ilng  raal 
pmpany  miial  \m  acknnwIadfatTnr  prtivad  and  carilAad 
aa  haraaftar  iialad  Iha  proof  or  a<  linowiailamanl 
may  ba  iiimla,  within  tha  Tarrliory,  bafura  iht  mc  ■ 
lary  i>f  iha  I  armory,  aoma  )iMl||a  or  dark  i,f  a  curt 
havtng  a  a<ml,  a  nnury  public,  nr  Juaiira  i.f  iha  |>aaca 
Iha  cuunly  Clark  ami  ar  ^tl»  cnuniy  rar.irdar  wtlh- 
oul  Iha  Tarrllorv,  bui  wlihin  iha  ir,.liad  Siaiaa  by 
•oma  Jii<l«a  i.r  il.rk  ..f  anv  i  nun  "f  Iht  Unua.l  hui— 
iny  Siaia  or  Trrriinry  ha 


or  any 

a  Juaiira  uf  tha  paata 

Iha  auvarm>r  uf  i 

lakan  liy  a  iualica  M  ilia   pa. 

muai  Im  lartlAad  m  undar  iha 


iving  a  tral,  a  nntary  pnlilici 

-  , ...   .:r>mml<iliinar  ap|H>lnlad  by 

iif   Iha   Territory   fur   Ihal   imrpma      If 


i«ie,  hia  oAlrlal  i hi.racler 
it  uf  ihacKurt.  irthunal. 


or  offltar  wiihin  arsl  for  ih^cnuniy  in  which  auch  JiiilWa 
'hich  haa  ciigninnce  of  hia 


uf  the  peace  may  b«  acting, 
oMcial  character  • 


AeliM«wl««4viM«>Hl  ««i««ral  rorm. 

•lata  (»r  Territory)  of  — ■,  county  of .  aa. 

On  thia  -—  day  of ,  A.  D. ,  paiaonalt/ 

appaarad  before  me  (aa«r  »md  lillt  n/  .ffifr)  In 
and  for  aald  county,  A.  B.,  parsonally  known  to 
ma  (#»•  uliafitrlurlly  |>r»ve<l  lo  ma  bv  iha  oaili  of  W  T 
•  cumpeteni  and  cradihia  wiincaa  for  Ihal  puruoae  by  me 
duly  .worn)  CO  bo  Iha  oaraon  daacrlbad  In  and  who 
aaaautad  tha  foragolng  Inalrumeni,  and  who  ac- 
hnawlodgtd  lo  ma  Ihal  ha  aaacutad  tha  aamt 
Iraeiy  and  volunurily  and  for  Iha  uaaa  and  pur- 

■Oaaa  tharain  manllnnaH  '' 


liiarain  mantlonoid. 

Wtinoaa  my  hand  and  aaal. 

(*•/• )  '  Signalurt  mnil  lit  .  ^/^0ttr., 

jKala  (»r  Tarritory)  of ,  county  of ,  as. 

.-^L*"?  ZiT  "'•'  •' •  ^-  «>•  —f  P«ra:Bnally 

appaarad  bafora  ma  (.n»mt  miul  aumlliv  of  oMcer). 
in  and  for  aald  caanly.  W.  B..  wife  JTh.^'n^'. 
aanaUy  known  lo  ma  [#r  MUlahciorily  proved  lu  ma 
U  '"1^".^  °f'  •":  )  «a  ba  Iht  paraon  wboaa  nama 
iH-^X"^.**  't*  '•'H?«'»ll  »»atrumtni.  and 
wRt'fw  ." •  fcy,«"allral  mada  acqualnlad 

with  Iba  canlanta  of  aaid  Inalramani,  achnowl- 
adgad  la  int  on  aaamlnalioa,  aaparala,  apart 
from,  and  wlthaitt  tha  baarlng  afb<r  wid  hJabaad; 
SSI!?".  ?"?•"*•*  •"•  ••«•»•••»  ••««  »alunurii;: 
rJHl'Si  L**'.S.'  eompnialon,  or  undua  Influtnca  ii 

iSLJ!!*.^"**^**!.*"*  I**!'  •*•  •••«•  "•»  with  ta 
rMract  tba  aaaeutfan  of  tba  aama. 
Witaaaa  my  baad  and  aaal. 

(■Sm/.J  (SigmUurtmm4lMU^^eir.) 

aIa*^^  S^mt^  ^ •  «»n»orallon,  the  cenlflcai. 
MiooH  Mate  that  tha  officer  executing  wa«  penonaliv 
known  aa  audi,  and  that  the  Intlrument  wa*  rxrcmod 
mUy,  tic.,  aa  tlM  act  and  dead  of  the  corporation.* 

WBWBAaK^. 
Adnwarladgmanit  oy  proo&  of  Ck.  eyancaa  may  ba 
taban  la  tha  Btata  by  Judgaa,  clerki  of  couru,  Jiiaticea 
•'i.*'*  ?T*'  "^  "ourlaa  public.  The  cenlKUie  of 
adiaow1ai%men>l  muat  ba  Indoiiad  on  the  Imirumeni, 
and  (how  that  the  grantor  acknowlednd  tha  lama  to  ha 
bit  vohmtarv  act  and  dMd,  and  that  the  officer  taking 
tba  ackoowledgaiaoi  knew  him  to  U  the  aamt  penoii 
wbott  name  waa  aignad  ibtrtio,  or  had  uiialaciory 
avidaiiM  <rf  that  Ihct.  If  the  grantor  die  before  ac- 
hnowMgatnt,  or  if  for  any  eauae  hia  altemlance  cannot 
bo  piocarid  to  maka  tba  adinowladgmeni,  w  if  be  i«. 
fUMB  to  aalia  ll,  proof  of  axacullon  and  dtllvery  may 
htmadt  by  any  sompttaM  aubacribing  wimcaa  thereto, 
"**'*  '"''.P"J??r  aulhorlied  to  take  ihe  acknowlwlg- 
atnia ;  or  if  ali  tha  aubtciibing  wItncMca  are  out  of  Iha 
Sjaw,  proof  may  bt  auida  by  proving  the  handwriiiiw 
of  dia  grantor  and  of  aay  tulMcrilJng  wlihaat.  Tha 
daad.  with  tba  canideate  of  acknowladgmem  or  proof, 
Biuel  ba  racoixlad  ia  iba  couaty  where  ihc  landa  lio! 
Aeknowla^natats  or  proodi  Uhan  out  of  Iha  ButOi 
and  in  tha  Uaitad^taa,  nnM  be  uk.n  tn^ 
lonnliy  to  tht  law  of  tha  State  or  Tarritory  in  which 
•"*"•  ^n""  •  ••awilttloneT  of  thh  Stale  for  thai  pur- 
pota.  AO  aucb  aeknowledgmtnia  or  proofii  iaai  nwn- 
aoiied  taken  by  aa  officer  having  no  aaal  of  office,  mutt 
be  accompanied  with  a  ccrtldcate  of  a  darh  of  a  cotat 


ACKN()WLEtM;MBirr. 


ft  tmnt*.  m  ■»rtl«r  iwiwr  iiMwt  ot 

oActal  M*!.  du)  ill-  ■>*• »  i^li^l  ik*  «•'*<  ***  '^ 
Miau  «  n^nnantwl  tan,*  ai  ilt*  lUw  <>«'»«.  *"M  IM 
•|«iwuir«  It  MftulfM  ^ihI  iM  «lirM»wWB«l«1M  i«  MP*; 
finally  i<>  l<«  I  h.<  <lw«  U  aWMrf  M  cot«I*«M*  of 
MliimwMgiMiii  i~.t.  i.»  comatMBtoiMr  w  y»g«y. 
•a  ««kMl  c.itl««*  .  .  '    ilM  wMWwy  jT   N«kr«k». 

•MtM   lll«»    Ih*    •'•••■I'      ""W  •«•    •«    »•    '•'^f*    *^ 

miSmAm«I  in  i«>i«  ih«  '  *.  «Mi  ^ihM  »*•  •^g^'nr  fc 
MMMtuMH  oiik  Nl*  iMii  •riilM.  hM  iwipMHrf  tl.  m»d 
M»  •»!.  Mkl  thai  iM  M  vw  «K*  atgaMM*  aMi  M^  af 
Um  cuiiMBittwrtwr  w  W  (amriiM  »«<Ai  •»••»••<  la 
Ibratajl  ••ualriM  »•»  b.  wtOm  •«cotAa«  ^  lfc«  !«•» 
liiMMr:  mm!  MhimwMlH  t>y  'MT  iMurv  p«Wl«.  ar  b* 

r>  Mlut*Mr4«l  oMcar,  cowiMrak^  ifWil,  wr  mmMi  tjT 
r  U«lwU  Stumt  nwotMMi  •«  mMtOtfUim  p«W« 
•timiM  «UM  nlliMtuhhaMM  of  rifki  af  liaarar,  IT  Miy. 
bMltMcartiltcaMorwkiiawMiMiMMadBM.* 


kaH4  an4i  aMi  •<  — ,  In  a«MI  awia«y.  ika  4*9  aa^ 

]r«af  l«M  akava  wftnaa.  ^  ^,     -  _ 

Bvatt  laaoiraaai  la  «f4ll««  aibMlai  i«l  «•«• 
«l«klii  «Ma  ftiMa  *ImI{>*  achanaiMiHi  m  j»«y«<l.  •mi 


^•rtttM  m  IMa«* :  Ir  wItMa  iMa  Ma**. 

Jiofaa  <M  ckrk  aT  a  ««mm  KaoHia  a  taal.  w  m«m  rmuit 

HtiSc  or  HmCm  m  ^  fm-    If  withaat  Mm  ttata. 

Ia(  wMkIa  Mm  UaMa4iMMa,  Mm*  a  Ja^gi  '» 

clath  or  a  »m%  llavtag  a  wal,  av  wtaM  aoury  paMh  <» 

iMNica  of  Aa  faaaa,  ar  b*  aay  awawlMliiaar  apfalawd 

V  ilM  «a*anMf  af  tMa  liaM  m  itm  l«7mi  wlMa 

lakaa  Mbta  a  ))«#«  af  iIm  »aaa*,  to  thafl  b«  womi. 

IMMlad  by  dM  aaftliaaM  af  Ik*  chtrk  af 

of  (da 

ui 

ir 


I  «aaanr  iM*t(«  a  aaal,  akmriag  i^ 

oT  iM  jUlaa,  aad  jka  fMiajiiwiiiaf  ^  .!••,••«. 

MM  wtSawt  Um  UaHa4  Maiaa,  It  • 


ra«u«<n«f  n 
ibaaMalal 

JwIIiSImU 


lUaHMMaMav^    ,      ^ 

.. ^ ,_  .  mmm  ,m«^,  ^  ~~-  a<  a  aaaH  a/  a  >y .  Wlaa^.  nt 

aaurtMaMa't    ^tfimmatl«t»m(  ,    <  'M^i*  I^Wac  a  aaal,  ar  a  aatary  iMMh  tbafrta,  ar  bf 

!l<m  I.  llaa  o#  ackuTall^fiiai  la  aanaSS.  dM  my*  i  ^^MaMr, aaaMataiaaat,  af  aaaarf'»*a  Vtmi  Sum. 

May  ba  aMda  <  v  a  aabaariMag  vltaaM  .*mm,  »k> 

Buwituuupun     ■hhltawaphwarfrmliiiaaa.tklb* 

•at  hia  nam*  m  ik.        d  aa  a  wItaaH,  Iha*  Im.  kaaw  I 


graaior  In  tuch 
achnuvhataa 


eh  dc«i.  »ai  Mw  blai  ilipi  cr  kaaif  hha 

ikM  ba  had  ttaaad  ^  MMM.    AadMwh 

prooT  •haTiMt  U  labaa  MdaM  iha  aMaar  l«  panoaaa* 
aoquaiataj  vlik  (oeh  wliaaai,  m  baa  MtlahcynMrd- 
danca  dial  ba  la  tfca  aaaM  paiiaa  wha  waa  a  aahaeribtaf 


wltaeaa  to  ,-..    _  -, 

"  It  ttiai  ki  iawAd  «»r  aay  cooKifaliM  la  coavay 
lamk  by  daad,  aaatad  by  dM  coaiaMM  aaal  at  -Mjor- 
poraHoa.  aad  Ogmd  by  dia  mm«4mh  or  waaMlag  ••«« 
SftbabeaidonUraalafaardM  .i>f>^>a«k>a:  aad  aacb 
4.ad.  »kia  ackaovMjad  by  »/  \  «Mr l« ba*a  act 
at  Iha  carporadoa,  or  prarad  I*  •**  WKBl  "••  tfaj 
tcHbad  «ir  odiar  eoavnaana  tai  luaAi,  •ha'lba  raaaaM 
hi  ika  olarh'a  a«ea  af  >ba  aawMy  la  aUiik  dn  iMadi  Ua, 
la  liba  aMMMT  la  a£ar  daadr"* 


jr55;i^j5jy!iirx^ 


TraafaruM  aaaaudaa  af  araavavaaca  ahad  ba  atail*, 
dial,  b*  dM  MailaHMiy  af  a  MtbacriUag  »«iaaaa  t  aacwid, 
wMa  aO  dM  aabaeiibhw  •kaaaaaa  ara  •M.  ar  «a»a»i 
ba  had.  by  avidaaea  oT  iha  baadvriilag  of  tka  Mny, 
aad  af  sM  laaM  ««a  tahaarlMaa  wiiaaaa,  ^*aa  by  a 
atadlbia  wiMaaa  M  aaah  algaalara.  aadar  aalfc.* 

Tka  eanMlcaM  a<  aahaoalidianal  ar  atarf  Wfi  bi 
„jiW  iba  kaad  aad  aaal  of  alba  vkaa  lafcaM  by  a  Ja^ 
or  ctarb,  or  aa  aAcar  kaaiag  a  Mai  of  aMaa.a 

O?  «rie  — -'  SJ  V  — ,  A.'  R  -— ,  /ffl«M^ 
M(»«Mrad  kafaraMa  Omm  aaif  fjMr  if •fc'y.  <• 

<«MM  MMNaa  ara  avkaaHiad  ta  Mm  aMMwad  la- 
airvMaM  m  fmMm  ttMyaWUMwaiiatly  ijMwn 
«a  Ma  ta  ^  tka  iMdMdaala  daaartkad  »•  m4  wha 


uMMlylakad  <«r  daly  alaaMd),  aM  |M 

aa#tam(«rby  ihaaa^aafjayar  ay*)  wtwaMaaaywa 
MM*  aia  kaf«M  aabacHkad,  aadiAetadly  pravad),  M 
ka tka Mtaticat  fafa8M#Marlkad  la. and  whMa 
■MMa  ara  afflaaiM  tia  Sraiatap  aatMNMWM  aa 
ffwMat^  aad  tliw  mmOS  kiiiia  artj^iai  Um 

SaaMlateUiairvMMMnrMlaiiddaad.  

la  taaUauMf  wlMfw^f  te««  kara«MM  aal  m 

kaad  MdaBaial  aaal  M ,  te  aaM  aMUMy,  Um 

day  aiii  yaarlaaj  akaaa  wfttwg. 


OaUrta — ^S^ .A.  I 


lamadaauafliM 

IfBMar  M  UM  ]^r^p^c_aM«ay- 


_  _.  >  Bvaattvad  Is  ordaf  ta 

haawtadfikaM  Ujinaf  (<r  ^t  ika  tald 


r,  aw.  f  la  ^nd^  ar**  havlaf 


ta  aaaka  •«• 
Jd  XjT.  th* 


aUy  anaarad  W.  TmI*  w_Mwaaally iiiMMlar 


aiwMiMat,  aakaawladfad  «•_«■•  ,y_y«yi»*«j;»| 

|UM(  IHMN  Mm  WnMKlft  tiM  iMMHrtNB  9m  MHT  MM 

|iMM4|rtMlakaaaMMad  OM  aMM  IrMbMd 

:±±:^t?:SdTXT*'!^ 

aat  wiab  la  iMract  Um  aaaaMaa  of  Um  aaaia. 

la  laallmaay  wbaraaf,  I  iMva  karMMa  aM  my 
kaail  'and  alKaad  ny  oAclal  aaal),  tka  4^  imi  yoar 
itatakava  writlaa.  .  „,    ^  ^      . 

[&M/.]  (S(pNi«Mv«W  fMr^^i^wr.) 

Whan  Iha  graMor  la  ariuMva  M  dw  aaaH  ar  iMaar, 
ite  caiiHkala  iMt  ka  waa  "  Mlh»c«atWy  !""'«*.» 


mm 


ZiSi 


lit  af  W.  T..a.aM 


aaMM  aad  ciadiMa  arfiaaai,  tat  ikM  tffm  W  ■• 
Sdynrom,"  aad  ik*  MidT.  B.  a«ha»iilifcid.ai». 


Tka 


icatddcattof 


kytka 


ky'tka  oaiha  of  taar  «r 
hy  aw  aahacttbad;  taiaai. 

MMBUaai  paiaaaiiMMaa 

wrajiaiai^ 


ikaamiac  aa»«afaaaa  aa  MImUmi 
lMliwfaild«tar»*?>MtMN*:fi9»     j^^ 
piMaafmliiiiMtoiw — Twthaa— i^<f--f> 


iiaUmaitywb«taaf,  I  kavt  karamic  aal  aiy 


Tail 


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k  Re».  9m.  eh. 4^.  |;Bgy.ga«,f  .^r*!.  f  7.  Bi«a». 


.^roofkya   ^ 

aat  CMPtk.i(rM,  ikM  tack  aabaMlldn  trliaaaa  aaa  pti^ 


yayaaea  at  a  wilMM  dMNM.  or  *«a  praatd  la  ha  «cb 
kydMaalh  of  awNaavvkaaa  aaaM  thai  haifwala 
ikt  aattKhati :  j«r«ibA  iha  yraaf  fiaaa  by  tadi  WMaait 
<iflhataacudaaofiadiiiua»a/aa«a,aadoflha>Wldiat 
dM  panoa  whata  aaaM  ta  aiAacHbad  w  tuck  wyy 
aae*  M  a  Mtr  ihaMia  k  Iha  p*p»  «lNi  waMtd  ita 
taM*,  aMlthat  laeh  wkaaM  tahaci<iad  hia  aaM  10 
aaah  aaaaayaaca  aa  a  m liiii  ikaraaf.a 

St, 


AH 


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of  nal  oilaM 

•»  I 

,  8mm  hi*  iidliilal  iiiMaif  thiiiild  I 

deatad by  iha darh.of •  «"■* *4  laaaidorW 


artMtkoMBaM 

tStSMMhltadUai 


SallM*(hatlfl 


Ml*  of  BlatB).  ar  bifcia  a  adalaMr  c 
Vimi  WatM  la  a  feNtga  «0«Mry.  1 
liMph  la  ih*  ngitlry  of  daadt  la  iha 


aMih*' 

haaShni- 

itatf*- 
of  rtHi 
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^-m!->?*•^^*^»■/■f;-i■^rf;|^^fc-,fc*^^".'i^feftjrfSMft«^f-■■i' 


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ftc-  #'wrsf"inBK*  ?  ^^r^f^ 


In  mM  •••nty.  lk«  tey  mmi 

I  «rf4l(<ia  aihcMiifl  nti   (MM* 

ivttM*  Ikto  lUM,  Man  hmm 
«  iMokM  •  tMl.  w  MMM  *M*rir 
^HM*  If  wMtMt  tiM  ttala. 
w4  twiw.  Mm  •  Mp  '•« 

•  MM,  or  MMM  wMaty  raMIr  .x 

I  MM*  Mr  itiM  wnaui  >)■«■ 

if  WR  B(MM    l(  hMw   W  Hf  Colli" 

lardMcbrii  aracu«M««f  rwvrf 
wl,  nlMwHiig  l»«  »y^^ '^ 

lattSliMtM.  11  tiif U  k* Mm 

•  MM*  tl  ■  SM*i,  klagftfaai,  m 
w ■  miurr  y«Ml(  >h«i«W.T ky 
«,  or  SMMMt  af  ifc«  UalM  MMM 

if  a  MthacriUif  wHiwh  i  Mcnwl. 
■  wlWMii  an  liaa^,  M 
~|]M  lM«i«rtila|  of  dM  . 
•kHHMat  w4iMM,  ■!««■ 

I  of  ••••  vImii  ikMN  by  aji^p 
iviagaaaaiafaaM.*  ' 

l<-M— »■■«  Mi«  WIte. 

— ,  A.  O.  — .  •f«i»«»lly 

r,  A.  i.  and  W.  1.  Ma  »H«». 

!■■■■<  lM«rtM(Ml  iiijpiftfaa 

llMillMiyi 


I  ay  • 


I  IiimCiM.  MHlSMitiM  «Ma 
fta  MM«««a  of  «M  MaM. 

oicU  aaal),  tk«  ter  aM  r)w 
Sltmlmr»mmdl»k^4/Uir.) 
mAmm*  m  Om  amm  m  tUfm, 
I  wat  "iMMlMMHhr  r"'?*  *> 

mmT.  ■.  a«luip'fTBi.2a.** 

"■  ■!  •  •■R*""^  wi^^  ■■■■ 
•A  mtaaiftlag  whiMaa  «aa  i»M^ 
■■car  jwatlaa  iM  MHlfaaia  la 
rr —  li  luliTikail  M  MHlMa- 
kaiwa,  or  «M  pr«*«d  la  IM  a*di 
awlMaaiMMailMl  ha  ifvaala 
L  Um  pttwf  gtvaa  >y  "mAmimm 
k  eauranHMa,  MHl  afriia  •»  AM 
H  la  artaerlbai  w  aMk  «a«<iy 
»  la  iIm  faiiua  rta  aaawiirt  tta 
laa  iwtitrttad  Ma  mm»  w 


■tf-agSfUj--* 


:r^*sssrte 


hn  a 


iMCR- 

ef  t»>« 
hi»H«cb 


ACKNOWLKOUMINT.  || 

Jf^hraPMf^f"  ^••*^    T*?"  *•  "•'•  '•  "•      ?i**  ko«*«  i.  thai*  iM  aMMalB  iSm*J,  that 


Mt  kar  1  kiialaa  la  Ika  raaTayaau  «,  tttmyt 
Ma  ay  Ma  wUa  "  la  hmt  am  rlghi  lu  k.r 
mId  mhI  lafataw  aaa  fraa  Awa  iIm  lawffcramw  nr  eon- 
mi  ar  M  ktwhaai,"  la  wkxK  cm*  iIm  aiay  ciNivcy 
ttoaa,  apaiM*  iba  bailwad't  ((aaaMn  I*  »wm  iltM 
ynftfaUa.  TWa  haibaMd  aaaJ  aM  cawanaM  a*  iha 
ntnmtj.  bM  niaaaaa  Km  i«(bt  by  cnuMaay  ttmitr  iba 

"tba  bMlbijf  af  »ba  jfaiwaw  — ad  wal  ba  c«rtl«a4  by 

jaa  MfllpHfMa.  WN  ■  aaMrwFavMd«  aMM  ba   BfaaaiL 

.  T>?t<MM  iRwiMif  aTia  pawaa  lablaf  iba  a» 
kaawMnMM  mmM  ba  liilliit  M  ta  *a  aaaM  aMWMt 


aa  iMir 
a«4  p»r 
W   ■  ,  , 


vntafy  aat  mm!  i»f4  lb* 
.  •  ibatat*  Mitwiaii  Mii 
»•••  af  tba  mMI  it  i    Miw  •!  I 


4M  rta««««p»n  Mvarally  M%»f«fMnl 


lb««  Ihay  •Iaa.4.  aaaM.  aiU  4«il«aA4 

vaUntafy    aat  mmI  «l«a«l  lb*  |M  MM 
Ma  aaptMM^i  aai.  iKi  mM 


'  IPMbtM  MMag  ^q^aaWMa.* 
Iiata  af '— -,  aawate  ai  — — ,  m. 

KJ3f  tars  :SSr':f^'!j.i!=? 

TVy»i(iaaia«<a^laMjHa4p«igpaaa<  aat  nata  tbal 


A^p  filblh  ar  pdaaw  anyaMiiM,  iiabiilaarf  ta  baU 

afaah*.  aa4  aakaa«ihA|i  Mh  anaiiyiaia  hi  iba  ar- 

Aaafyfcm.  aaaaa*^ 

■ipailllaa  aa4  iiyaa  mm  aaltw. 


;»•*«  iHHii  Mr  aaM  bMbai4,  M  Nt^M*  m- 
bMwMc  Mm*  .Im  Mai^XaaaU.  ••d  MIm*wI 


(i)|pM#«^  <Mif  MMb  ^^M»^) 


1**^.1'**'  "'  yi»UiiM»<iMaaat»<^>l  bmh 
fcf.  iiali'  af  Haw  Jaiaay, 


4taiaVi 


,    )  fiw,  an  Ma 
tM(HMtaarMiMv 


tha 
Mtka 


ctllar,  a  JaMM  a<  Uia  ia>naii  aaaM,  a  aw 
cbaaawy.brfp  af  tba  aaaH  aTaaaHaaa  plaa< 


la 
>*>  iw- 
•mt  af 


w  diMlat  MM.  iiMMXr  aflMa  ar  IWiMiy  wbata 
ukaajM^  rf  iMiiMi,  laaartai.  aliMli,  ar  akutai 
cowl  «f  iSa  fMiTtiiba  TSaaa  wMmmi  iba 
•<H*afaw«r«aMn)i  a  iMyar  ar  a*ar  akiaf 
in«  WVahjraMiM'dM  taal  af  mM  sKy ;  • 
i»  wMByi  af  Waarjaway;  «  *   • 

IbrjkaS^ 

2tey"t^fit£SS?SA*a: 


EMr«MM)7tkat  It  wM  ia  albMW  aNaraf 
MM  (MT^^ar^Mkei),  diM  T 
r  aaaoMiva  oAcar)  afMM 
ba  Mw  dta  aaM  1^.  r,  M  M 


vahiatary  Mt  aaX^ 

/rmMNi)  by  ilMrtr  an 
attaa4  hia  awM  ikaraM,  at 


35 


y^  -kMa  wrlttai^ViUofcir*  mS'^Sil^iXf 
^f*S^  IV  — »«bHMf  WIHMM. 

^  It  raaMwWa^\iiat  aa  (Ml  ~- «M  af 
«TII««JMM<i 


byiahi 


Aateakafaii 
■iwMary~afNawXcnayA 


r'?=:vis'. 


Um 

la 


w.*?.**—'*'^  »£_*■  wMb  aafarata  Aw  b«  ha.. 
W|aJ;  litaMiiha -      -. 


af  tiM 

arTi 
eaitiiy 


Aaki 


Wll^ 


S 


ara  tha 

I  4S  M.  p.  414. 


2.^62;JSj*liiJSf**  **'~'"'  ""^  H«.  •♦  *^ 


.«• 


iWte^'HiHiMiwim 


:...., t^. 


ACKNOWLElMiMRirr. 


«Ml  Xl  (MMMi*  Mai,  lfiM>r, 

!«■>  |i*M-  1.  Lav* 


lM>t4r«4    A«« .  k**W«    «M    »■»■>—■»  •»■ 

yM««4  A.  a.  (•»  A.  B.  Mi4  &  O.  t  •»  A.  B.  •»< 
M*  wtit  a  r.)  M  M  H'WM%  kMW«,  mU 

I  kl,  Mrf  wiM  MMMMM 
«|M  MMM  M  Ml  (•»  llMtr)  »W  M>  ■■<  <lti. 

(My  u  ■>■!■»>■■  M«*r«i — .  *.  O. 

— .) 


iftM  *•  |«%i  Mbw  MktMM  itM  wnf  •*  MkamMa 

Mil  ,    tlMI   IM  I*  IM  JM  MMMf  I  ikM  Im  li  Ml  W 

•MlnM^  ■Ilk  Om  tMaAvMctat  af  Mm  >i^.  *m  W 


mSThm  *■'*'<'*£*  ■'jFr^f' 


liMNM,  ft  iM  iiiiiiiimy  iiphI  Am»«  »««■  ••ki«. 

•  MMWM  ImMM  VHM*  M  tMHI.  MM  I 


MnCt  MM 


^      II  inirntr  fir r~ — "'"'  ~"f""r"  ' ' 

'•SflrMTiiMBSiw**^'"    '"'     **** 

._  ^ liMv  *•  pmnm  iiiiiliiTWi  mmI  •«•  wmmm 

tlMWIlfMH* 


dMiVa 


"ISUm!* 


WhM«  ■  4Mi  I*  3an)Mpi>«MB  Jim*!  M  W 


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f.»rwiiini>i<nipy<Ml»>g<  f 


h  not  «  iMMlltW  mivm  tw  •**  »■  I**  Wi  'M' 
MMl  Mm  MnrSiNM  liSiitriM  mhtmi. 


MWM  M  HM  MvinMM!:9V^ly  19  M  VM  MMMl  JMMWM 

SIR  'i^rA/iMW'"^  * 


to  iiamr  taatai  ■>•  wmm  ttttm 
■MB.    Whw  *•  mmiIm  k  kt 


vttk 


)Cteii  MiM*  JhaM.  M  W 
•  tl  ilMN***,  M  mSTm  «f  <t» 
tin  ytiirtim  irf  '>fc'«*  J*  j*  ** 

%  MUNI*  It  UMMM  M  MHMWN'B  M  • 


•I  — i,'  XTo.  ■— .  iMtm  iM 


1  l«,Mi4  WtM  fMNiM  tiM 


ACXNOWIEnnilRNT. 


OaUM* 


wUh  A«  Mill  A.  •  .  ,%it  iHai  Iw  |in«w  »,,«,  |„  fc, 

'?•  •*.!!?  »•'""  <••*"»»»•  III  aiMl  »M  •■•«ui«4 

th.  WWW*  «««vMiai<««i  ••4  ilM««»^n  iha  aairf 
A  a  M«MwM«a4  Umi  ha  ai|Miita4  iha  aam« 
O.  ■.  <,«iUt»4ttlh  I 

,  — -  aattMty,  »4, 

ai«  kafWM  W  k«  Iha  IndlvMuala  4.Mttka4  In. 
•■^'•■«  ••aauiart  Iha  wiihln  i»r  ab.,*.,  «  ,„ 
"••*»'  ••ij»«»»"«a  (»»  iMmimaMi.  aiMl  aavarally 

*' .?"i*"  8  iMvata  aMMtiMiiiM  hy  ma  wiSa. 
•'•'L!!!'!^"**  *"••*•"<»  aalii»awl.ilt.a  that  alia 
•■aavMi  Ika  aMta  tn^h,  •»4  wniaut  aay  r«M 
a»  (MN^ittilM  ar  Mr  at21  kuahamt  ' 

(  Wr«aAM-«  aW  /MiS>  ^^flrtr  ) 

imwn  ts  lbs  ili# 

W.  &  MkMwl«4«a4,  ••  *  ^Mta  aMMitiiailoii 

aa»  Mr  m  *mmm^ii»m  mt  k\m. 
C  O.,  Cnmmftihmi   V  /JmA  im  mmd  M  mM 


4#Mrtl»4  m.  Ana  wlk« 


^rf^  ••««%  ••fci.^6^' Wt..  ma 
thai  tftM  a«Mat«4  Um  ■wmi  mm  Um  aM4  W 


iw'i«>tlMa«kl 


2  .T*!!!!*  "S!*  H*w«  Jo  ma 
— 1  >•»»>■  4Mar<k«d  in, 


■am*  I 


wfSfc 


MUM ;  AMI  tlia  MiM 


rriP'' .*****  •"•J  aaasinas  hm  uma :  And  tha  aau 


^'k    "•#    %^^^K^K99mWtK90rm  'Wf» 


-,  bafon  m« 
cAma  A.  K 


an4  W  Ata  iMira.  ami  C.  D  aM  W,  W  hia  wira. 
»  lawi.  ta  ma  M  ka  «Aa  i«4WMuala  4«a«tllM4  la 
a«a  wha  •■•,ui«4  Iha  wllhia  aunvayana*  anW 
a«»n«wla.»,.a  ih.«.....,i,rf  ,|,«  .am.  .  an.l  tha 
aalA  V  ani  W  W  ....^.ally,  ...,h  fo,  h.,«l^ 
ackn«wl«4aa<i.  on  a  pti.au  aa.minailan  by  mt 
ma4a.  a|>Arl  f»am  hat  h.i<«Miid,  that  ah*  aaacMia4 
«Ha  aama  ftaaly,  wltAaiii  any  ^aar  a>  (ampMialaH 


A«k««wl. 


•uiaaf 
On  thta 


I«  •  A«fNh> 


—  aaMAiy.  aa. 
*»y  of        ,  A 


D 


.  bafara  ma 

fJ2.J.i  ".•^'*  W  bam,  know^  la  ma  la  La  Iha 
UlAl»14ual  4aa«rlba4  In.  and  *h«.  «.*«uta4  Iha 
a«M  a««*ayan«a,  an4  aha  acknawladaad,  an  a 
K..^!!^"!?'"*'!""  ••'  •"•  "'•''•■  •pa.'from  har 
l^Ik^*  '*•.'  ••"  •••<''«»^  "ha  ••ma  iraaly. 
wllkam  any  faar  ar  «af-j.i  lalon  «t  him. 

A*klt«*»l«4««MMt~a|r    ««•  •»   HMM 

■UM  nf , caunty,  aa. 

On  ihin  — ~  )iav  of  — ,  AD,—,  kaferc  mn 
itrS  •r'.-*^'**; '"*».  paraonally  cama  A.  ■. 
!!^!£:<  <.'  T  ""•'•'"  «"  *••  •»••  tndlyl4«al«  4*. 
acrlM4  tn,  and  who  a>»^ui*rf  <*,«  within  eott> 
vaynnaai.  and  i, ay  aavarally.  aath  for  hlmaalf. 
•afcnnwia4ta4  that  Ihay  a.aculad  iha  aama         ' 

J.  r..  yu>ii.,^  ik»  i,Mt 

__ ,         /» "#  *«wwa  <#•./  /aw  Mrm/iA*J 

■MM  nf —  , county,  aa. 

On  tkia  4av  of  -     ,  A.  D,  —    bafora 

(MM«  mmtj/ftrmf  /,//„.  p„i«,.„|v  cama  A.  IT 
TlStT^ri  '••  J?  T*  k"***"  'a  »a  thraa  ol  «h< 
^vMiMla  4aa«rlba4  »,  nd  who  aaaculad  \hI 
«<^in  aonvaynnaa.  <<.  j  »)»>  cama  Q    H,  aid 

'"itf""*"  '••"•karf  In.  and  who  aiacutaa  ica 
wl^in  cnnvayanca.  s»y  iha  oath  of  ■.  W.    .** 

■ww'n.  JM  4apM«  .ml  any.  li.ni  ha'raafda.  In  lu 

wltA  una  anM  O,  H.  nn4  I.  J.,  and  tlial  Ka  hnaw 
tMm  M  b«  two  or  tha  IndrvkMato  4aacrtkad  uT 
m4  t»k«  •"•««IH  Iho  within  «o"yayirn«r  «n«^ 
OltMk^n  tka  add  A.  ■..  C.  D..  B.  r  'o  M..  2^4 

MM«M4  tka  aoma  Am  tka  purpoaao  ikaratn  man' 
W«w«l.  19.    "jhuikt  y  ikt  ftm: 

A«liN««»laitf|rNM>it*~By  •mm  t  mrmrta 

_.    ,  ^i»M«A, 

■MHO  or , . county ,  aa. 

On  Ikiu  ~-  day  or  —1.  A.  D  ■  bafara  ■>•• 
il^nirllf'ii:'  /*^).  |.ar«.nAll,  «.»rA^..'to 
ma  hnown  to  ka  ana  of  tka  (adlvlduala  daoartM 
I*.  n..4  who  aaaautad  Iha  wtthtn  aonvoynnca,  m3 
ncknewMiMl  that  ho  aaacata4  tha  onma! 

l-  '-.  >'"(«  •  /Ar  Awwi 

•tiu  oi . —  county,  m. 

On  ,nta  —    day  of ,  A.  D.  barora  ma 

iTown'VS'j^irZ.':',.'"'  p«'~"«"y  ««mt  A.  "■ 

known  to  ma  to  ka  tha  aama  paraoo  daacrlkad  In 
and  who  naoutad  tha  within  con-ay7nerar<< 

:c?SSd  d!^*f r  A*4 " V"f  "S"'  'It  """.•'h. 
act  MM  daod  or  A.  B.,  tharain  daacrlkad.  kv  virtue 

A  I'^s^a;:!  diisrxr  ""•v"-,-*'^'  ♦»>•  ^^ 

#».  ■■,  "^OAnnc  data  tha day  of in  iha  vaar 

;i:;.'r«7***  i"  £lJ''^'    ''  «»>a  cjirk  oV?h, 

pn»a  — ,  on  tho dav  of .  in  tha  yaar . 

J,  P.,  >ii',.v  It/'  h*  I'nt*. 

AffkMwtjteMMt-ikr  Au«nMr. 

■•^»      t  ««MW«i  fa  Ihi  ^en 

te.•S'.5^^*l5:>•  ^"i'hTc'am/'A.r 
known  to  mo  to  k«  tha  nttoruay  m   act  of  A.  B 

Ifi! ilrfir""*'  daocribod  la,  »/d  who  a«^itaa 
ttw  within  cottvojmnca  by  «»  .»u  «MarB,J7  ,JJ? 
tta  mUd  A.  A.  naVnowtadv  imt  ha^an^o^ 
tho  Mm«  Ml  tha  act  and  dSS     ,i  tha  aald  a!hi. 


..I  ^iWBBBfc.. 


mtk0lM^]' 


34 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 


P'.  i 


AekMWl^VMM»-By  At«*riMy. 


PrtvtH  I*  Ik*  ^0lttr 

Stat*  of , county,  ••. 

On  this  ity  of ,  A.  D. ,  b«fOM  mo 

HUM,  ..»</  ##'«/  «*),  p«r»oniUl¥  c«m«  A.  A., 
^rovan  Htiafactorily  to  m*  to  ba  *•  aama  paraon 
Jaacrtbad  in,  and  who  asaeutad  tha  wUhln  con- 
vtyanca  aa  the  attornay  In  fact  of  A.  B.,  oy  tna 
oath  of  8.  W.  (tubtcriSint  ruttntii  tlurtto).  who 
bttni  by  ma  duly  aworn,  did  dapoaa  and  aaw. 
that  ha  raaidaa  in  tha  town  of -— ,  »•»••»» 
county ;  that  h*  ia acquaintad  with  tha  aald  A.  A., 
and  thit  ha  know  hTm  to  b*  tha  indWidual  da- 

«:riba«  In.  and  who  •«•«"»•*,«*•  ""S'^iJ" 
anca  M  tha  attornay  in  fact  of  A.  ■••  •"*  ^l**"- 
upon  tha  aaid  A.  A.  acknowlodiad  bafora  »na 
that  haaaaeutad  tha ••"'•  m^' «» •"* *«!*/^ 
tha  aaid  A.  a  J.  P. .  >*<*'  «'''**  •'*•''• 

AelMi«wI«*«wiM»-T»  ••«•«■  a>«^. 
Sx*emt*d  daring  Infamy. 

Stata  of , county,  aa.  .    . 

On  thia day  of  — ,  A.  D. bafor*  ma 

(mtmt  and  ^cial  /iy//),paraonally  eama  A.  B.,  to 
mo  known  to  ba  tha  Individual  daacrlbad  In.  and 
who  aiacutad  tha  within  eonvayanca,  and  tnara- 
upon  duly  acknowladgad  that  tha  aaid  eonvay- 
anca waa  formarty  aaacutad  by  him  whan  ha  waa 
an  Infant  undar  tha  aga  of  twanty-ona  yaara; 
that  ha  haa  ainea  arrlvad  at  full  aga,  and  ia  de- 
airoua  of  conArmIng  hto  formar  aaacutlon  theraof : 
and  that  ha  now  acknowladgaa  that  ha  aaacuUd 
tha  aamc  aa  and  for  hla  act  and  daad. 

J.  P. .  yiuHcf  rf  tki  Ptact. 

Aelia«wlMkpMii»--By  mi  ■«•«■«•»« 

Btata  of  — > county,  aa. 

On  thIa day  of  — ,  A.  D. ,  bafora  ma 

pami  and  official  Uttt\  paraonally  camo  B.  X., 
Jmown  to  ma  to  b*  the  eKo^utor  of  tha  laat  will 
and  taaumant  (»r  iru»i«  ef  the  ataia)  of  M.  U., 
raantionad  and  deacribad  In  tha  within  eonvay- 
anca, and  tha  aaid  B.  X.  acknowledged  bafora  ma 
that  he  executed  the  eama  aa  anch  caacutor  («r 
iruatte), aa aforeaald.    .  ^    ^    „      ^,.    _ 

J.  P. ,  ytutkt  rf  tk*  Phk*. 

MxtcMitd  ir  a  M»mi*d  C»rptralMH. 

Rlataef — -, county,  aa. 

O?  thla  —  day  of  — i,  A.  D.  -— ,  before  me 
tmmmt  and  tUU  ^(Olctr),  pcraonally  came  P.  P., 
tea  preaident  of  thi  —^.  County  Bank,  to  m* 
known,  who,  Uaing  Iw  ma  duly  •worn,  did  dapoea 
and  any.  that  ha  reridea  in  tha  village  of-—,  In 
eaid  county:  that  he  ia  tha  preaident  of  the  — - 
County  Bm^:  that  ha  knowa  the ewporata aaal 
2;? %e  aald  twnk;  that  the  aaal  aaUajl  to  the 
within  coBvayanceMaauah  corporate  aaal ;  that  it 
WMM  aSud  by  order  af  tha  board  of  diraciora 
of  thaMMbaafc:  and  tihat  ha  aigaad  M»  ume 
Aanto^  A  lilia  order,  aa  prSUMtt  tA  aald 

ikiucrHary^m^mianiV.'ndtMmAdtfihm  and 

p.  v.,  feSSrekya,  tint  ba  alM  ki»*««  ••  W.^ 
pcealJkmt  of  tha  Mid  bank  '•^""la^iJJl"?* 
Um  aignature  of  the  aaid  •.  W..  aMbMHWdW  tto 
aaid  MAvayaBM. ia  in  the  e<!^!?h!!£!S!^ 

oftK^Sdboardofdlr^^^^^^ 

gf  m  KtUgUmi  Cfif^iMtn. 

•tataof —t—' county,  aa.  ^  . 

OntWa  —  <9r5<r— ^.A-D.---,M«ma 
(mamt  nnd  tM^iMttr),  g<ia*nally.  caiwf  j.  Cm 
to  me  kMwa.  wiM,  bainf  Iqr  ma  duty  mMR.  did 

c^^*WiCStS"«Sr&«g 

ofm.  Paul  (a^JSm  Corporailon  of  tb«  TniMaee  of  the 

— .  afereaaid ;  tlMt  the  acal  afiised  to  the  wdttalB 
navayance  t*  the  corporate  aeal  of  tba  mM  eor- 
^Matlen,  and  that  it  waa  attaad  by  order  of  tha 


aald  corporation,    (ff^  ntrnmry,  addtlmu* /rmdnt 
Ik*  kff»dvnHi>it  of  Ih,  ta/tcrO*rt  U  Ih*  canmnamc/.) 
J.  P.,  ymlkt  if  Ikt  Ptact. 

Ack««wlMl«Mi«Nt^B]r  m  BiMrlV. 

■Ute  of , county,  ea. 

On  this day  of ,  A.  D.  — ,  before  me 

{nam,  and  official  iitl,\,  pereonally  ca-na  S.  V., 
aherlff  (.»-  laic  .hcriff  >  of  the  county  of  — -,  to  me 
known  to  be  the  %mtM  peraon  deeeribed  In,  and 
who  executed  the  -vlthln  conveyance,  and  ac- 
knowledged that  he  aaecuted  the  aama  aa  iuch 
aherlff.  J-  P- .  7*"*"*  ^  '*♦  "«''• 

A«fcn*wlMlciMNt-M|r«  l>«pM«7  MMriK 

Bute  of , county,  oa. 

On  tblB day  of ,  A.  D.  — ,  bafor;  ma 

(namt  and  ^cM  lilUS,  paraenally  cam**  D,  S.) 
known  to  mo  to  ba  thelndlvldual  deaeribcd  In* 
and  wbo  executed  the  within  conveyanct,  aa  the 
general  deputy  of  ■.  P.,  eherlff  of  Ae  county  of 
Z—,  and  acknowlc^fied  «iat  he  esecMted  the,aald 
conveyance  aa  auch  genenil  deputy  aa  afo^ld. 
J.  P. ,  Jmlkt  V  /**  PtMt. 

Pt««r  wltkla  tk*  ktat*.  kjr  BakMrtMM 

WlMMUk 

Kntvm  to  Ik*  ^ttr. 

aute  of ,  -—  county,  ea. 

On  thla day  of  -r— ,  A.  D. ,  bafbro  me 

pereonally  came  W.  T.,  eubacrlbing  witoaea  to 


>f , county,  aa. 

m day  of  -r-,  A.  D. 

Jly  came  W.  T.,  eubacrlL._.  -^ 

tna  within  (»»•  ebove,  nr  annexed;  conveyance  (»r 
imtrdment),  with  whom  I  am  peraonalhr  *c- 
oualnted,  who  being  by  me  duly  aworn,  eaid  that 
8a  reaid^d  In  the  city  of  -— ,  »»»•»  «>••'»  «• 
qualntad  with  A.  B.,  and  knew  •»«««•*•*• 
perwin  deeeribed  in,  and  who  e«eeu»^  tte  aaM 
conveyance  (or  instrument* :  and  that  be  aaw  mm 
execute  (end  deliv«r)  the  aamei  and  that  he  ac- 
kMWIedged  to  him.  the  .aid  W.  T. ,  that  h.  .».- 
cutad  (aad  delivered)  tha  aama,  and  that  he,  the 
■aid  W.  T.,  thereupon  aubacribed  hie  name  a*  a 
witnaea  thereto.      (Signalnrt  and  MIt  «f  ^tr.) 

Bf  Snhtcrikinf  mintM  knamn  It  Ikt  ^etr. 

BUM  of , county,  ea. 

On  thla  —  day  of ,  A.  D.  — ,  bafora  me 

(namt  and  official  lUU).  peraenally  cama  W.  T., 
aubacribing  wiueea  to  the  within  eonvayanca,  to 
ma  known,  who  being  by  me  duly  aworn,  did  de- 
poe*  and  aay.  that  ha  raiddaa  in  the  town  of ---, 
in  aaid  county:  that  ha  knowa  A.  B.,  the  indl- 
vidua!  deacribad  in.  and  who  axeeuted  the  wid 
canveyaaea;  that  ha  waa  praaaot  and  aaw  the 
aaid  A.  B.  aign,  aaal,  and  deliver  *•«»«•••■»* 
for  hU  act  and  dead,  and  that  tha  eaid  A.  B.  then 
acknowledged  theexacution  thereofi  whareupor. 

TZ ij  uT  1*   %^M^»m^^  »w«  ■„ha.  rlMnif  «rltfiflea 


the  aaW  W.  T.  bacama  tha  aubacriMnc  t 
thereto.  J.  P..  fiuHt*  V  *  ««^' 

Ackm>wlMMtM«it-«|r  BakMrtMiw 

WIUlCMb 

Prtvin  '•  fV  (jbw. 

S?'3i'ZZ'4-;^S'^A.D .  Mf  -• 

8.  W..  aaJthe  aaid  B.  P.,  to  ma  kMwn>K«tog 
baan  l»  ma  duly  awom,  dil  dapoaa  •>«  "S^  «^! 
ha  raatlaa  in  Aa  town  of  -r-  to  imjd  «m^ 


M»aa*  ud  aay.  tKat  ha  raaidaa  la  tbatMmof, 
rS^to  5?  coaatyof . — ,  aad  kaawa  A.  B>.  M 
indiwidaat  daaernad  ia.  and  who  «nc«lad  tha 
MSreoavayaaea;  that  &c  waa  praMat  «*•«!«' 
tba  aaid  A.  B.  aaaeate  tha  aama,  md  l^t  Nijka 

wltiMM  thanto.         J.  P..  5»»rt«p»  iftki  Ptatt. 

Aefcm>«l«<B«aag»-gy  ■«*■•■•••■« 

WitmMMk 
Cfw«/«rt  r»»MifV  <•  <MMM(r  5te«(i. 

Stttaef 1 couaty.BB. 

OM^to day  of  ~I^  A.  D. ,  Mbra  me 

(MOW  MNf  ^MUim,  PWMnaUr  MMMt.  W..  to 
ma  known,  who  being&BaaSftr  •»«.<»*  *•• 
soae  and  tay,  that  he  resldee  In  »•  *"'*2{iTi: 
la  aaid  county:  that  he  knowa  A.  B.  aad  W.  bli 
wlSr^  li2uMduala  deacribad  ia,  amd  wba  9m>- 


^l,g^jl^lKjQ«Hi^Ha^SilH%Me»Ki<iJn»»>i.«^KMWVi^^ 


in/  tcritirt  l»  tll4  c»tn>tf*mf  j 
J.  P.,  7iutic*  ^tki  Ptaci. 
■•Ml— Bjr  m  mMHK 
unty,  ••. 

,  A.  D.  — (  bcrora  me 

<\.  Mrsonalty  ea-na  S.  P., 

•f  tna  county  of ,  to  me 

la  paraoD  daacribad  in.  and 
Ithln  coBvayanca,  and  ac- 
laacutad  tha  aama  aa  auch 
J.  P.,  TuaUct  ^  tht  Ptatt. 

I— Bjr  •  INtiiaty  Mi«rlir. 
unty,  aa.  .   , 

,  A.  D. ,  bafara  ma 

r),  paraonally  cama  D.  S.ji 
thalndlvtdual  daaarlbta  in, 
I  within  convayanet,  aa  tht 
P.,  aharlir  of  tha  county  of 
id tiiat ha aaacutad  tbaaald 
■naral  daputy  aa  aforaaaid. 
J.  P.,  JuMtkt  ^  tin  Pmet. 
UImU:  bjr  SakMHkta* 
'!(«•■■. 
t«  tk*  fglctr, 
•unty,  aa.  ^  , 

,  A.  D. ,  bafara  ma 

T.',  aubacriMng  witaaaa  to 
nr  anncxsd)  convayaoca  («r 
lom    I    am   paraonalW  ac- 
hy ma  duly  aworn,  aaid  that 

ty  of ,  that  ha  waa  ac- 

/and  knaw  him  to  ba  the 
and  who  asacuisd  tha  aaid 
iienl> :  and  that  ha  aaw  him 
the  aama  J  and  that  ha  ac- 
he aaid  W.  T.,  that  ha  eae- 
tha  aama,  and  that  ha,  the 
n  aubacribad  hto  name  aa  a 
ignmtnr*  mud  MU  y  ^0ttr.) 

Umtt  kmtmm  l»  Ik*  igletr. 
>unty,  aa.  .    . 

f ,  A.  D ,  bafoja  ma 

It),  paraonally  cama  W.  T., 
to  tha  within  eonvayaoca,  to 
If  by  rao  duly  aworn,  did  de- 
t  raaidaa  In  tha  town  or-—, 
t  ha  knowa  A.  ■..,tha  tndi- 
and  who  axecutad  tha  aaid 
I  waa  praaant  and  aaw  tha 
and  danvar  tha  aama  aa  and 
and  that  tha  aaid  A.  B.  than 
Moution  thareof  ( wharaapoc 
ma  tha  aubacribtnc  witaeaa 

J.  P.,  yiutkt  ^  tt»  fHKt. 

mt-Kr  IHikMrtMiw 
riMCM. 

nlf^^lSetr. 

T^Si  A."  D.  — ,  batoft  m« 
').  paniMMfly  cama  B.  jf  •  Md 
Kr..  to  ma  known.  iMvtof 
»ra,  did  dapoaa  and  a«p,  that 

»wn  of in  aaid  mMiMy; 

Id  with  tha  aaM  •.  W.,  Oa 

to  tha  wItMM  eowrayMMa, 

htm  to  ba  tha  awM  P«Mo. 

tiaCB«*Mir  ai>U«p<a  IMraofj 

It  ha  taaldaa  im  tho  wwo  of. 

(f ,MdkMwaA.a.tlw 

I  la.  and  who  «mc«tad  tha 
lat  be  waa  praaMt  aad  ajm 
*a  tha  awna.  aad  ^t  tejha 
pen  bae«0M  tb«  Mj»MMa( 
J.  P„  ymHluift**fMf- 


,i,U^tmtmttk»rSMii. 
sounty,  aa._  .   ,      _ 


ni  b»  ma  d%  awora,  did  de- 
«e  re*|d««lntha»w«of-—  . 
A  he  knowa  A.  a  Md  W.  bit 
la  daacribad  to.  Md  «riM  aw- 


ACKNOWLEDOMENT. 


35 


cutad  tha  within  convajranea ;  that  they  aaverally 

rceida  in  tha  town  of ,  in  th«  Suta  of , 

that  ha  waa  |>raaant  and  aaw  them  tian,  weal,  and 
ddivar  tha  aaid  conveyance,  aa  and  Tor  their  act 
end  dead,  tod  that  he  thereupon  became  tha 
•ubacribing  witnaaa  thereto. 

J.  P. ,  J^iulict  rf  llu  Prmtt. 

AchH*wlo«l^aa«iit-B)r  liMbw»rlklav 

WitHCMI. 

Pr0Vtn  t»  tk*  ajfftcir. 

Btata  of , county,  aa. 

On  thia day  of ,  A.  D. ,  before  me 

(warn/  lat/c^r/a/ /?//«),  paraonally  came  B.  P.  and 
3,  W. ;  and  tha  aaid  B.  P.,  to  me  known,  having 
been  by  me  duly  aworn,  did  depoic  and  aay,  that 

he  realdea  in  the  town  of ,  in  aaid  county : 

that  ha  ia  acquainted  with  thf  aaid  B.  W.,  the 
eubacribing  witnaaa  to  tha  within  conveyance, 
and  that  ha  knew  him  to  Im  tha  aama  peraoo. 
which  ia  to  maaatiafactory  avidanca  thareof;  and 
the  aaid  8.  W.,  baing  by  ma  duly  aworn,  on  hia 

oath  (aid,  that  ha  raaidaa  in  tha  town  of ,  in 

the  Rtata  of .  that  ha  knowa  A.  B.  and  W.  hia 

wife,  tha  indivtduala  deccribad  in,  and  who  exe- 
cuted tha  within  coavayanea ;  that  they  aeverally 

raaida  in  tha  town  of ,  in  the  State  of , 

that  ha  waa  praaant  and  aaw  them  elan,  aeal,and 
dalivar  tha  aaid  convayanca,  aa  and  Tor  their  act 
and  dead,  and  that  ha  tharaupoa  became  tha  aub- 
acribing  witnaaa  tharato. 

J.  P.,  yutik*  1^  tk*  fltiut. 

Aeka«wl«dcM«at-By  Makocrt  blM*  Wlt> 
M«NM  mm  tm  Of  Hmitaad. 

Ami  A*kn*nil*4gm*mt  by  Ik*  Wift,  totk  b*hig  knfuiH 
I*  Ik*  offie*r. 

Stata  of——, county,  aa. 

On  thla day  of ,  A.  D. ,  before  ma 

{n»m*  smI  ifftcial  lillt),  paraonally  cama  B.  W.,  to 
ma  known,  who  baing  by  ma  duly  aworn,  did  da- 
poaa and  aay,  cnat  ha  raaidaa  in  uia  town  of , 

in  aaid  oounty ;  that  ha  knowa  A.  B.,  ana  of  tha 
individuate  daaeriliad  in,  and  who  aaacutad  tha 
within  convayanca ;  that  ha  waa  praaant  and  aaw 
tha  aaid  A.  B.  eaacuto  tha  aama,  and  that  ha,  tha 
•aid  S.  W.,  theraupob  bacama  tha  aubacribing 
witnaaa  thereto.  At  tha  aama  time,  ateo  ap- 
peared bafore  ma.  W.  B.,  tha  wifa  or  tha  aidd 
A.  B. .  to  ma  paraonally  known,  who,  en  a  prlvato 
examination  by  ma  made,  apart  firom  bar  hua> 
band.acknowladgad  that  aha  aaacutad  tha  within 
eonyoyaaea  fraaly.  wtthout  any  fiiar  or  cempul- 
•ioa  or  bar  aaid  huaband. 

i,V.,J^utk*<ftk*P*met. 

Arti— wi«<a»M»-B|r  IHihMriUar  Wit- 

And  Atkinmlt4t—»»t  h  Ik*  Wift,  ktik  prtivtn  t*  Ik* 
^c*r. 

■tata  of  — .  —  county,  aa. 

Ob  thla  —  day  of  — ,  A.  D.  — ,  belbra  ma 
(aaMW  mtd^gUM  MU\,  paraonally  cama  S.  W.,  to 
ma  knowa,  ato.  {Felbm  Ik*  prtenHiur /mm  U>  tk* 
nul,tmilHmrtt*wm/i"tamm  pcieonaly  known"  M 
lk*atk»*mBtfptt*ni^(k*w(fii,*mltk*HMU):  And 
at  tba  aMMo  anM,  alao  appawad  balbra  ma  B.  P., 
to  ma  pMMMriSy  knowa,  who  baing  by  ma  duly 
■worn,  Ad  dapoM  and  jay>  that  ha  raaidaa  in  tba 
towa  of  — -.  fa  tha  eonMty  of —^^that  ba  taMwa 
thaaaMt.  W.  tobotkaiMuaa  naraon  who  waa  a 
iobaarlMac-wftaaoa  to  tba  witbin  eonvayanca; 
and  that  Ba  akw  kaowa  tke  aaid  W.  B..  who 
mada  tha  alb««a«td  askaowladgmant,  to  ba  ono 
of  tha  ladtarMoala  daacribad  in,  and  who  aaaevtad 
tha  aaid  aonvMroaoa,  which  ia  to  ma  aattefbctory 
evidaaca  tharaof.         J.  P.,  ^hulk*  ^tk*  P»at*. 


Avluamrl 


■$-agr  Bakacirtklav 


mMtd*jntit*dtf*»AII*mtf. 

SiaM  of-—, eonaty,  aa. 

Oa  tUa  — —  day  of  -.r-,  A.  D.  -— ,  iMfora  ma 
'iumie4uid^0iMliil*Y,  MraoaaHy  cama  8.  W.,  to 
ma  koMpa,  who  bdiagagr  ma  diOy  awora,  did  da- 
poaa maa  aay,  titat  ha  raaidca  to  Aa  towa  of — , 
ia  aaM  aptwty  i  that  ba  kaaw  A.  B.,  tha>iraoB 
deaerlbad  to.aad  wiw  aaaet^  tha  ^fHtbin  con- 
vayaaaa  aa  wa  attoraay  to  Ibet  of  B.  P.,  tharaia 
naiaad  s  that  ba  waa  praaant  and  aaw  tha  aaid 


A.  B.axifcute  the  eameaa  euch  attorney,  and  that 
na,  the  eaid  8.  W.,  thereupon  iMcame  the  aub- 
acribing witnew  thereto. 

J.  P.,  7uUK*nftk*  P*»t*. 

^V?!**  •,'  •*•  KmMtitloM  or  m  Il4i«4|. 

*rk*rc  tht  Suhurihmg  WilHttttt  art  lUnd. 
1  he  lUtuies  provide  thui  proof  of  the  e«ecii(loii  of  a 
convi-yaiice  where  the  »ub»cribiiig  wrtneruei  are  dead 
thall  be  made  bcfors  any  officer  nuihoriKd  lu  take 
proof*  and  aclcnowlcdgmenii  of  deeds,  other  than  com- 
mii.ionen  of  dotda  ( jintice*  of  the  pcai,,  iwing  included 
in  thi>  deiilgnation).  i..J  :  .mnly  judgen  not  of  the  degree 
ol  counacl  In  tha  •upreine  court.  The  evidence  e>i;ib- 
hahing  lite  death  of  the  witneksea.  and  of  the  hand- 
writing of  auch  wiinemwa,  or  ol  either  of  ihem,  and  of 
the  grantor,  with  the  namca  and  places  of  rr«i<lence  of 
the  witncsMa  examined  before  the  officer,  niuil  be  act 
forth  in  hi»  certificate.  The  cunvcynnce  having  been 
thu«  proved  and  certified,  may  lie  recorded  in  the  proper 
"  '  i^'""'^''  ••«>  original  deed  is  depoaited  in  the 
»ame  office,  to  remain  there  for  the  Inspection  of  all 
penons  desiring  to  examine  it :  such  record  and  deposit 
will  beconaiructiveevidence  of  the  execution  of  the  said 
conveyance  to  all  aul»cquent  piircha»er>i,  although  such 
conveyance,  nor  the  record  thereof,  nor  the  tnuucript 
of  the  record  can  b«  read  in  evidence.* 

8Ute  of  — — , couifty,  aa. 

On  thia  "—  day  of ,  A.  D. ,  bafera  ma 

{nam*  ami  ojgituil  tillt),  paraonally  cama  O.  H.,  to 
ma  known,  who,  baing  by  ma  duly  aworn,  and 
the  within  conveyance  being  ahown  to  him,  did 
dapoaa  and  aay,  that  ha  knaw  the  partiea  therein 
describad;  that  he  waa  well  acquainted  with 
A.  B.,  the  grantor;  that  ha  had  frequently  aean 
him  write,  and  knew  hia  handwriting,  and  that 
tha  name  of  the  eaid  grantor  aubacribad  to  tha 
aaid  convayanca  ia  in  the  proper  handwriting  of 
tha  aaid  A.  B.  And  tha  aaid  d.  H.  further  on  hia 
oaiJi  aaid,  that  ha  waa  wall  acquainted  with 
S.  W.,  one  of  the  aubacribing  witnaaaea  to  tha 
aaid  convayanca,  and  with  hia  handwriting ;  that 
tha  aaid  8.  W.,  at  tha  time  of  tha  data  of  aaid 

dead,  reeidad  in  the  town  of ,  in  tha  county  of 

•-— ,  and  luw  been  dead  about  one  year,  and  that 
tha  name  of  tha  aaid  8.  W.,  dcceaaad,  aabacrtbad 
aa  a  witnaaa  to  aaid  conveyance,  ia  in  hia  proper 
handwriting.  And  tha  aaid  O.  H.  further  depoaad 
and  aaM,  timt  at  tha  tlma  of  tha  dato  of  aaid  con- 
vayanca, ha  waa.  alao,  and  for  aavaral  yaara  had 
baan,.acqualntad  with  ona  B.  P.,  a  ahoamakar, 

who  than  raaidad  in  the  aaid  towa  of ,  in  tha 

county  of ,  and  In  tha  netohborhood  of  tha 

aaid  grantor;  that  tha  aaid  B.  P.  dlad  at  tha 

town  of ,  afbraaald.  In  tha  year ,  and  alnca 

tha  dau  of  aaid  convoyknca ;  that  ha,  tha  aaid 
Q.  H.,  waa  not  acquainted  with  tha  handwriting 
of  tha  aaid  B.  P. ;  tliat  ha  baa  never  known  or 
heard  of  any  other  paraen  of  tba  nama  of  B.  P. 
Oy  n*c*tmrf,  imt*rl  h*rt  "  raiding  In  the  ndghbor- 
hood  of  the  said  grantor  "),  and  tliat  ha  cannot  aay 
to  wboaa  liandwritiBg  the  nama  of  tlta  aaM  B.  r. 
la  aubacribad  to  tha  aaM  convayanca. 

And  I  haratm  cwtity',  that  thaafaraaaid  dapoal- 
tton  ol  tba  aaM  O.  H.  la  to  ma  aattafitotory  avidanca 
^f  tha  death  of  all  tha  witnaaaea  to  tha  within  con- 
vayanca, aad  of  tha  handwriting  of  S.  W.  oaa 
of  Iha  aaid  «vltnaaaaa,  and  of  tha  handwriting  of 
A,  B.,  tha  grantor  tiMrain  named. 
•.  Z.,S*^.  Cmtrt  Cm,  in  mndftr  tk*  ccumif^—. 
Ihtmmt  mi  Matmtmttmm  mt  AtUmmwtmi§tc 

Bf  ^aherlibn  Witmtt  humn  la  Ik*  »/lctr. 

Staia  of——,  —  county,  aa. 

On  thto day  of ,  A.  D.  — -,  bafora  ma 

paraonally  cama  B.  W.,  aubacribing  witnaaa  w 
tha  abova  eartiSatto.  to  ma  known,  who,  being 
by  ma  duly  aworn.  dM  dapoaa  and  aay.  that  ha 
raaidaa  in  tha  town  of^-^— ,  in  aaM  county;  that 
he  la  aequatetad  with  A.  B. ;  that  ba  knew  him 
to  ba  tha  aama  pataoa  daacribad  in,  and  who 
oMcutad  tha  above  eartiScato ;  that  ha  aaw  him 
alga  tha  aama ;  that  tha  aaM  A.  B.  acknowta^gad 
tlM  aMcntion  tharaof  la  Ida  praaaaca;  and  tliat 
ba  aabaeribad  liia  aama  aa  a  witaeaa  tharato. 
J.  P^  >wMiw  rf^Ht*  Ptat*. 

••I  R.  S.,  )di,  R  30  to  31,  iarinive,  and  ameml 
menti. 


*3«i*it8..4^?«il^Sl 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 


rv—l  mt  Bx««Hti«N  mf  A«hN*wlt>«l|(- 


Hy  Su6t(rlHii£  Wiliuii  fravtn  I0  lit  tjfftctr. 

But*  of , county,  as. 

On  tbU day  of ,  A.  D.  — -,  bofora  roe 

pcraonally  cama  L.  II., to  ma  known,  and  B.  W. : 
and  tha  aald  L.  M.,  balng  by  m«  duly  aworn,  did 
dapoaa  and  aay,  that  ha  raaldaa  In  tha  town  of 

,  In  aald  county ;  that  be  Is  acquainted  with 

the  aald  B.  W.,  and  that  ha  knew  him  to  be  the 
eame  peraon  who  la  the  aabacriblnf  witneaa  to 
the  abeva  certificate,  which  la  to  me  eatlafactory 
evidence  of  hia  Identity:  and  tha  aald  B.  W., 
being  by  ma  duly  aworn,  old  depoae  and  aay,  that 

he  realdea  In  the  town  of ,  In  the  county  of 

— ;  that  he  la  acquainted  with  A.  B. ;  (/«//»a>/r«- 
ctdint/orm  In  Iht  tnJ)    J.  P.,  ytulkf  qftkt  /Varr. 

Aekn«wl«4irai*Mt'-*f  ItattaAicttoa. 

To  i*  writttm  oa  tik*  Mvrlgag*. 
I,  A.  B..  the  mortgagee  within  named  («r,  iha 
■MigoM  of  th«  withinnamcd  mortgagee),  do  hereby 
eertlfV  that  the  within  mortgage  la  fUUy  paid, 
aattofled.and  diacharged. 

Dated  the day  of  — -,  A.  D. -,      A.  B. 

Bsacuted  In  preaence  of  C.  D. 
Add  an  acknowledgment  tame  u  preceding  form. 
A«kM*wl«Ml|rmeHt— «r  MattaAMttoH. 

By  Indimiual  frovtH  to  lit  fgfetr. 

State  of , county,  ae. 

On  this day  of ,  A.  D. ,  before  me 

{nmmf  atui  till*  ti/»jfli:*r),  peraenally  came. A.  B., 
aatlafhctorily  proven  to  me  to  be  the  same  person 
deoerlbed  In,  and  who  eaecuted  the  above  certllt- 
eate,  by  the  oath  of  C.  D.,  to  ma  known,  who, 
being  by  me  duly  aworn,  did  depoae  and  say,  that 

ha  reatdea  in  the  town  of ,  In  said  county: 

that  he  la  acquainted  with  the  eaid  A.  B.,  and 
that  he  knew  him  to  be  the  aame  p«raon  deaeribed 
In,  and  who  executed  the  above  certificate,  which 
la  to  me  aatlafacWy  evldantle  thereof:  and  there- 
upon the  aald  A.  B.  acknowledged  before  me,  that 
be  asoeuted  tha  eaid  certlflcate. 

J.  P.,  yiutiet  rflht  Pntct. 

A«kMwlM|frBi«nt-«r  N*«lsliiMrtl«a. 

Bf»  Ctfptrmit  (Sm/anri),  mik  trtef  ^  txncutitn. 

I,  P.  P. .  prealdant  of  the  Bank  m — , Do  haroby 
•sertlfe,  that  a  certain  mortgage  bearing  data  the 

day  of ,  A.  D. ,  made  and  aaecutad  by 

V  &  and  W.  hia  wife,  to  C.  D.,  and  Iw  the  *Sa 
C.  D.  aaaigaed  to  the  eaid  Bank  of — -.by  aaalgn- 

ment  dated  the day  of ,  A.  D. .  and 

recorded  In  the  o0tee  of  we  elHb  of  the  coanty 

of ,  in  book  No.  —  of  mortgagea,  page  — :  and 

which  said  mortgage  waa  recordad  in  the  ottca 

of  the  clerk  of  tha  eoaaty  of  —  aitoreaald,  I3 

'  book  No.  —  of  mofUragaa,  pagea  —  and  — ,  en  the 

day  of ,  A.  O.  — <.  ia  TtiUy  paid,  eatiaBed, 

and  diaeharted." 

In  taattmony  wberof,  &a  aald  Bank  of haa 

caused  Ita  coraerata  aaal  to  ba  hereunto  alBaed, 
the day  ol^ — ,  A.  D 

rw.]  P.  p.,  Pruidtnt. 

Baectttad  In  preaence  of  W.  •. 

•tata  of ,  — —  countyi  aa. 

On  thia  —  day  of ,  A.  D.  — t  bafera  mo 

((MMM  mmd  i^ffttikl  Utk),  pefoonalhr  cania  P.  P.,  in 
the  above  certilUate  menttonedt  pceaidaBt  of  tha 

Bank  of aforesaid,  to  me  known :  and  tha 

aald  P.  P.,  being  by  ma  duhr  swam,  dM  dapoaa 
and  aay,  that  ha  resides  in  tbi  town  of——,  in  tba 
aald  county;  that  the  aaal  aflUed  to  dM  above 
eertlBcate  la  tha  corporate  seal  of  tha  aald  Bank 

of ,  and  waa  aflaod  thereto  by  .ttM  wrdar  of 

tha  board  of  directors  of  said  bank :  aMi  ta«t  ha 
aafeacribed  hia  name  thereto  by  tha  wa  oMpar. 
J.  P.,  TwiA^  if  tit  ArMW,; 

IlB.JC.,  aaecotocef  tlia  tqatwitl  and  tsaiament 


of  b.  D.,  dacaaaad  («r.  adminiMraior  of  the  aaodi. 
chattilt,  -ind  credha  vkicli  were  of  D.  D.,  deeaaied; 
tfr.  tiuMae  of  the  csiau  of  D.  D.,  etc.),  do  httktf 
certify  that  a  mofttaca  made  and  aaeauiad  \tjf 
B.  P.  to  tha  aald  D.  OTTib  hia  lifMme  (#r,  to  me  as 
■ucli  tnaue si  sfisiiisid),  iMarlng  data,  etc.  (AUn* 
thifrtttdh^/0rmimi a* tmtt mgi rtfrnitt).  M.%. 


A<>liN«wlMicL 

JIMMlMaKt. 

/(•  «  Cturl  <{/■  Ktttni. 

Satiifaciion  of  jiiilgmenii  In  courts  of  rei-ord  may  U 
ack«.owledgcd  by  the  attorney  witSin  two  yean  sftci 
liliiig  the  recDril  uf  the  judgment* 

Supreme  Court,  («r Common  Pteaa). 

A. ».    )     Of  —  term,  A.  D. . 

vt.       V    Batlefisctlon  for  B — — . 

C.  D.  )  Batlsfaction  is  acknowledged  be- 
tween A.  B.,  plalntllf,  and  C.  D.,  defendant.  In 

said  action,  lor dollars.   Judgment  docketed 

the day  of ,  A.  D. . 

A.  B.,  (or,  A.  A.,  Attorney  for  plalntIB). 

Bubacrlbed  and  acknowledged  before  m«|tht 

day  of ,  A.  D. ,  by  A.  B.,  kaovM^  to 

me  (or,  made  known  to  aie),  to  be  thii  plaintiff  in 
the  above  entitled  cauae  (tr,  the  aitoroey  fbr  tin 
plaintiir  in  the  above  entitled  cauae). 

i,r.,yMkt^UtFtmt. 

A«luMwl«4tanN«Mt-aiaiaAi«(lMi  wf 

JwJfaw*. 
/a  «  ykuHct't  Cmrt,  wXtr*  »  Dmmicrift  iijtmdh 
Iht  Ctumfy  CItrk't  OJUt.* 
County  Clerk'a  oAca. 

A.  B.    )    Judgment  rendered  In  favor  of  the 

nt.       >  plaintiff   againat   defendant,  beiora 

C.  D.    )  J.  P.,  Baq.,  a  Juatiee  of  the  peace  in 

and  for  eaid  county,  for  ■—  doilara,  and  —' 

eenta,  debt  itr,  dsmsgei).  and  caats. 

Tranacrint  tiled  and  Judgmeni  doaketad,  ths 

day  of ,  A,  D. . 

BatisTactlon  of  the  above-mentioBad  Judgssent 


is  hereby  acknowledged. 

rknowledged  belb/e  me,  the 


Bubeeribed  and  acl 
of ,  A.  D, 


.  B..  known  to 


—  day  01  — -•  J».  u.  — — ,  oy  #».  ».,  muawru  va 
me  to  be  the  plaintiff  abeva  named  («r,  aiadi 
known  »j  me  by  the  oath  of  W.  S.       ' 
me  to  b'    ae  or  tlie  pHolMiflb,  etc.) 


Jttdgmen 

idged  t  ' 

,vjf  A. 
plaintiff  abeva  aai        .    . 
the  oath  of  W.  S.,  to  be,  cr,  kaowa  to 
'  liflb.atc.) 
J.  P. ,  Jiulict  y  /A*  AwM. 

A«UMaU«k«tMi«rUMC*Mnt|r«;i«rh,««c. 

Tt  tt  itimtJMd  It  lit  Ctrti/lctt  ^  ArktutUulgmtnt  tr 
Prtf,  Htktn  acftrtUng  It  tit  ttmt  ^tmttitr  Stitt*. 

State  of ^1 aounty ,  aa. 

I.  C.  C,  clerk  (recorder,  ngiiMr,  or  pralbcaoiaiy), 
of  aald  eotwty  {tr  of  —  court  of  said  county),  do 
hereby  eartl^  that  A.  B.,  who  aubaerlbad  the 
forageliHi  certlfleata  of  aeknawladgMMtt  (tr 
proaf),  waa  at  tlia  time  of  taklag  aucfi  MkMWi- 
edgmoBt  {tr  proof)  a  notary  pubUe  (er  «Mm>  0l*tr), 
retfdlag  in  a«id  county,  aad  dolf  awtkariiai  to 
talta  aad  certify  tba  aame  by  UM  iawa  af  Mid 
State,  and  tliat  ilia  aaasa  Is  uhaa  and  aartIM  in 
ail  reimacta  aa  raquifed  by  the  Iawa  of  aaU  Male. 
TbatTMi  wen aSqoali^  with  tha  handwtMM 
of  aald  A.  B..aBd  verfly  briiaya  tint  the  ilgaa- 
tura  attached  to  tba  (brecaini  aartUlcata  ia  tike 
genuine  algnatwra  of  aald  A.  B. 

WltDeaany  hand  and  oflMal  aaal,  thia  — .iay 
of ,  A,  D.  — -s  ■'  " 

[QtUMttm/.]  '  C.&,Cllml,«lr. 

CVsHBaM* 

I,  A.  B./of  tha  tawB  af .  ta  tta  omn«y  9* 

— ,  and  Itata  of  -7—,  4a  haraby  aartiiy,  Mktt  a 
certain  flsortgaffa,  *" 
-— ,A.D.-— , 

the  Brat  part,! 

part, and raoavdad I.-  ..  -  . 

eouBtar  of—,  ia  book  —  of  «ortga|w,  M  MS** 

— and  — ,  ott  tto  -—  day  of ,  ATd.  -—Of  »• 

mongagi  has  beea  aislBaad.  iasert  ihs  bsbm  ar  Ibc 
sMlaies  iBMsad  of  A.  B.  at  Um  coaNNeacesMM  tf  iIm 
eerdacai*:  o*>t  ibe  wards  " me,  the  said,"  h»Mtn: 
and  lay  here:  and  wtmh  iM  ■lactMva  waa  4aiy 
aaaigned  to  ma  by  tlM  aald  A  9.,J»»  mOliMM 
abo^  ttamad,  by  aaalgnmsnt,  daiM  tba  --^99 
of  — ,  in  tha  year  — ,  aad  raeat4ad  Inrtha  fPfe 
•r  tha  Clark  af  tta  eouii^  af  —  albreaaii.ia 


icaidad  in  tta  a«aa  af  ttw  alariiatMie 


oi — 

charged, 

PiSad  d»8 d^  af — ^,  A,  O.  — — 

Sneatad  is  prasanca  of  W,  S. 

m-»  R.  S.  360.   4«  R.  S.  S4a, )  tit. 


A.B. 


turl  «/  Rtttnl. 

i«ni>  In  court*  of  ncord  may  tit 

■tiormy  wItMn  iwu  ymn  thzt 

Ji»%iiiiim.< 

' Common  Pitas). 

torm,  A.  D. . 

;tlon  for  %■•     . 

ittoo    U   •elinowMM<  bt- 

Iff.  and  C.  D.,  dafandanl.  In 

lollan.   Jutfgmtnt  dockttad 

K.Xi.~. 

A.,  Attarnay  for  plalnliV). 

Bhitewladgaa  bafora  ma.thi 

D.  — ,  by  A.  B.,  hnawV  to 

to  m«),  ta  ba  t)M  plalntw  In 

:aiiaa  («r,  th«  atloraay  fer  lln 

MitM  cauM). 

J.  P..  ytutkt  V  I**  fiMt*. 
MMt-atrttaAMtlMi  t 

HiMMMt. 

wXm  »  "nmntcrift  kJUkdh 
ty  Ckrk't  Q0f*.* 
ica. 

lot  randarad  In  favor  of  th» 
•gainat  dafandant,  bafwa 
iq.,  a  Jaatlea  of  tha  paMa  In 
If,  far  —  dollara,  and  — - 
■n).  and  eoata. 
nd  jiidgmoai  deohatad,  tho 

I  'abova>mantlonad  Judf  mant 
load.  A.  B. 

:hnowladj|ad  bafo/a  ma,  tha 

.  D. ,  iy  A.  B..  known  te 

tiff  abova  namad  <«r,  aiadi 
ih  of  W.  S.,  to  be,  »r,  know*  to 
iatilb.Mc.) 

J.  P. ,  jiulic*  y  tk4  AmM. 

•r  Um  Cannty  in«rk,«««. 

'trt^k*!*  ^  Aclm*mM(pmimt  «r 
tgUtht  Um*  ^tmthtr  SMt*. 
louaty,  aa. 

trdor,  itfiattr,  or  arollicaoiaryX 
if  —  court  of  Mid  couatv),  da 

A.  B.,  who  aubacrlbai  tba 
«  of  MkMtwtsdimant  (*r 
Ima  of  tnklac  auafi  MkawwI- 
notary  pubtta  (ar  Mttr  I0t*r), 
laty,  and  diihr  aHthariM  to 
a  aama  by  wa  lawa  ^  wM 
mm%  ia  takaa  and  aartUM  ta 
rad  bjr  tba  lawa  of  aaM  tlatt. 
lainlad  with  tha  handwtMac 
rarOy  baNayo  that  tha  aima- 
a  ftwMolM  eartlflcata  la  wa 
raaidXK 

Md  aflMal  aaal.  thia  -r-.  4>]r 

Co  Wa  t  OWfWf  00t* 

wa  of  ■— ,  ta  um  omhMp  •f 
-<-,«•  haaAir  aartliy,  «m  • 
marUM;  doto  tha  — »  ww  of 
ta  tmf  Mijwgjwd  by.  C.TK » of 

a  tho^fca  of  tho  alark^Hit 

Httaad.  iaaait  dw  aa«a  of  Mm 

B.  at  tta  cwnnwaBiBunt.  af  ib« 


rofdi "  mt,  tha  laid)"  ktlMi*; 
tteh  aaid  tortiyy  wt«  «i^ 
iM  aaid  A.  •..  wa  m»l|Hfn 
itgWMBt,tewd  tho  -— wy 
— ,«nd  toeordad  lai^a  oMaa 
oemmp  of  -—  albrwoW.la 

'Of — ^.A.JD.— ^     A.B. 
neaofWJl. 

.   «-aIt.S.  84a,i>tl. 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 


StaMof- 
On  thia  - 

ma  la 


-I  —  aounty.  aa. 

■  day  af ,  in  tha  yaar  • 


bafora 
i^*0ctr),  aama  A.  B.,  known 
M  ma  to  ba  tha  Iadlv3dual  daoaribad  in,  and  who 
mtcutad  tha  abava  cartlSoata,  and  ha  acbnowl- 
«4fl «.d  that  ha  aaaautad  tha  aama. 

J.  P..  J^uik*  f^iJkt  Pi»n. 

Wkara  tha  gnntor  or  makar  and  tha  aubacrib- 
Ing  witnaaa  to  any  daod  eonyaytag  laada  la  thla 
Itata,  or  tha  awkar  of  any  lotMn  of  nitonMy,  or  utiior 
imtniaMnai  ooavavlag  ih*  taaM,  ahall  raalda  bayond 
tha  UMlta  of  tho  Btata.  bttt  wlthla  tha  Unitad 
•tataa.  ikty  (halt  ackaowiwigo  tha  laaia  bafcri  a  Judgt, 
ckrk  af  a  cauit  af  rooord,  notary  public  kavlag  a 
nouriai  Mai,  awvor  of  a  city  havkig  a  mai,  or  J.  P.  of 
Ih*  Siata  la  trhich  Mwk  grantor,  ale,  raiidai.  Thma 
uActn  oaa  aho  lako  tba  privata  ajuunlwitloo  of  a  WBf- 
rM  waoMa,  to  wkkh  thay  bum  ontthr  undw  tkab 
ropoeiiya  Mab.  If  tha  laiiruaMat  It  acfcnowMgod  ar 
pcowakafcraaj.  P.,aearti4caiaiV«Bi  tba  clerk  of  tha 
court  «f  laoaid  of  tha  couaiy  In  which  tuck  I,  P.  ra- 
•Ida, aMMbaappcndod  le iha «0mi that  tuek /.  P. «aa 
Mtlag  J.  P.  at  tiM  tiBM  of  ukfaigtha  achnotrladgwMK, 
«c.,  and  that  kk  gonulna  tigaauva  ki  aflaad  to  tha 
prohatt.*  Any  coaunlatianar  of aMavIti  fcr  tha  Slala 
of  N.  C.  appoiaMd  hf  tha  nvaraar  ihaMaf,  bi  aay  d 
dM  StaiM  and  Tarrliartaa  af  tha  U.  8.,  ar  ia  the  bla. 
•f  Cd.,  BMy  alw  taka  aad  cartMy  tha  acT 


•rjmbaia  «r  daadi  ar  aihar  InMramaMi. 

Wharo  tha  graator  or  makarHi  tho  oabaarlb- 
lag  witaoaa  raalda  hayoad  tho  llwHa  of  tiM  Unitad 


■tataa,  Jho  aaknowtadnaaat  or  arehali  may  ba  bofera 
Ik*  ckMrniglMnM  oraay  dnr  ia  tha  com 
tho  giaator  or  witaaM  h  ratMaat; 


oooatry  whars 
.  or  kafera  aay  aai- 

Unitad  SfcaiM;  aJl  wtwra'aaekpMofar  adiiwwlwfa- 
aanl  la  m.'Ci.mi  \imlm  tba  oorpocaw  aaal  of  luek  chief 
auglitraM,  or  uadn  Iha  oAdal  aaal  of  aacli  ambaiia- 
itur,  BUahlar,  eonaM, 


Mck  caitiieaia  Is  aAiad  ta  the  aaal  or  other  iaainunant, 
vA  ika  MOM  la  aabMtad  hoAMa  tha  prokai*  Judge 
htviac  JuiMtetloa,  ha  ahall  aiUu^  that  auch  iSiSlt 
other  TmimnMal  ia  driy  provad  or  aekaowMerl,  and 
-v_.  -^  J.    ..     ,rt>e»e each regl*. 


thtll 

iraitoa  ta  nacaaaary.* 

WhaaTTS;* 
•tramaat  aaaB  « 
wamaa.  It  wmi  ba 

MldluMaad  taach'jg  her  vaMMaiy  tt 


irihawUkiarfiala , 

■tat  ana  privy  aaawhatina  mobi  ba  I 
tioaerappotaaadto  Aa  prakatijaiii 
ar  a  aoaualnlaiNr  aC  aaldaviii  I 
h  CawHaa,  mahnid  by  tta  aaw 


r  of  attoraay.  or  other  in- 

tho  fifMa  of  a  OMrrlad 

nnailil  by  bath  haabnad 

'  '  by.  or  proved  a*  to 

and  apart  froia 

tbamo. 


koth,  I 
kertd 

other  Stale,  lar  aekaowiadg- 
"  befcra  a  coauala- 

f.<"v*l^  «.«aiwWtnir'af  aldavg  ftr  the  StaMMT 
iucb  paoMaMBMat  aad  aaaailakilaa  anat  ba  i*. 

ar^da»l.jg»  |ia»[<^  Ag  hi^dwiteii^  of 

c^s^ntsB^^rtf'*^ 

Uoa^ManTaiirit  ihp  MiBa  •»  iMlWiailyii.aadla 

oatv.StapiMrar  tSfiii 

iutiMaat.    wkwiiiit 


produced  and  eahiUtad  bafora  ma,  tha  aaid  A.  B. 
and  W.  B.  acknowledged  tho  execution  thereof 
by  tham  aa  their  act  and  dead  for  tha  purpoaaa 
tharain  aapraeaad,  and  tha  aaid  W.  B.,  being  by 
laa  privalaly  aaaminad,  eaparata  aad  apart  irom 
bar  aaid  huaband.  touching  bar  free  conaant  in 
tha  aaaeutton  of  tha  aaid  dead  of  conveyance,  In 
bar  aaamimtlon  daclarad  to  ma  that  aha  asauutad 
tha  aama  t^aaly,  voluntarily,  and  without  com- 
pulalon  or  roatralat  upon  tha  part  of  bar  aaid  hua- 
band. or  any  oWar  paraoo  whataaovar,  aad  did 
atUI  voluntarUy  aaaaat  tharato. 

In  toatlmony  wharoof,  I   hava  eat  my  haad 
aad  aAaod  my  ottdal  aaal  thla day  of 

\Stmi.]    '  (,Sitmmimr*mm4iUI*^^ctr.) 

*t  kjr  BakaartMaar  Wltaaaa. 


A.  D. 


•lata  of ,  coanty  of ,  no. 

Bg  it  ramambarad.  that  oa  thla day  of , 

.  D. ,  paraoaally  appaartd  W.  T„  the  aub- 

acrlblag  wltaaaa  to  tho  forageliig  dead,  to  ma 
paraeoaUy  kaowa,  who  oa  oath  duly  provea  tba 
MacutioB  tharaof  for  tha  purpooaa  tharain  aa- 


In  taatlmemr  wharaof,J  havo  horonnto  aat  my 


■ad  my  oBelal  aaal,  tha  day  and 
yaar  abovo  maaUoaad. 
(■Sm/.J  {S^pmimrtmmdHtli^^cfr.) 

The  certiSeau  of  ackaowladgawnt  of  huiband  or 
wifconthoaale  of  tka  buaband'i  laad  la  the  aaaM  form 
M  the  abovo,  baviag  out  tha  etoaing  worda, "  aad  did 
atlll."  Mc.  and  iaaettlag  in  Ueu  thereof  the  following, 
"aad  lUa  aho  doH  bi  raUaqiiiihaieal  of  her  dowerla 
tha  kad  aeatloaed  bi  aakl  deed."* 


Aay  laainiaaat  of  wrMag,  b^y  wMeh  aay  laad, 
loaomMt,  or  haradnamaat  to  aoavoyad  or  othar- 
arloo  aflbotad  ar  lacaabored  ta  law.  amat  bava  tha 
•igafaig  admawladged*  by  tha  graator  or  giaalon, 
■ahwar  aMhew.  ia  thaprMenct  af  two  witaeaeea,  b»> 
fMaaJudaaof  iHaaapraaMaaurt  or  of  the  eourt  of 
aa*aa,aj.  P.>aatarypublie,awyor,«  or  other 
I  oAear  ar  aa  InootponMad  town  or  dqr,  a  cam- 

r,  a  camri  of  tha  V.  8.  rarident  hi  aay  pert  or 
ooualiy,*  wfae<  awat  eartUy  aoeh  achaowlcdgaMnt*  oa 
the  aaaM  ahaal  aa  which  auch  deed,  mangage,  ar  other 
laattaaMai  of  wiidag  any  be  priniaJ  or  wrtttaa  aad 
aMMaababribakia  mbm  te  auch  eaitiSGaia.k 

Whaaahuahaadaadtrifc,  ihabeiaK  ei^leet  yean 
af  age*  ar  upward,  aaeeaua  whhia  thb  State  aay  deed, 
BMrtgaca,  or  other  iaatfuaaat  ofwiiihig  Air  the  caa- 

Swaoriaoumbnaceof  ihaaataleaf  ttawifaJ  orher 
M  dewM*  ia  aay  toad,  leaeaMat,  or  hetadiauMat. 
a  wllhto  this  Suta,  aucb  deed,  ■ertgaga.  or  other 
iMMBMatar  write  aMalfaj^aaJbylhRUiaad  aad 
wMk]  aad  aaah  sigalag  auiit  ba  aueaaed  aad  ackaowl- 
ajpd  aa  ajhriiilf;  no  aepatate  aaaaainatlea  of  the  wifc 
braeulred.) 

All  dooda,  aMttgaa  00,  Bowon  of  attaraajr,  aad 
athar  taatttMMWla,^  wrttfac  iM  tho  aaavayaaco 
naihtaaao  of  aay  IffWi  taaoaMBta,  aad 

' *-  Maato  wlSadito  ftataiaaaeatad 

etharMata. 
waol 
with 


-,1a 


■a  It  romooibarad.  ttwt  oa  tba- 


lyaya 

>r  to  ba  thalr 
thorota 


la 


tho 


M  havo  boraaato  aabocrlbad 
wy       aaal  oa  Iha  day  aad 


IQtMUMU.) 


wyaamoaadi 
joir  ajntaaald. 

S.  f  C  «k.  M,  I II.   l-M  CMUo,  37. 4a.  Jkif  id.  MS : 
V^iVHi  7t%to&37j  iaOhio.sos:  60hioSt.  <&. 

l-$Obto  SLit^  to'ld.ls:  )Ohto,iot:  9ld.iaii  a 
Id.  »Mi  jTd.  4Slt  a  Id.  ii|i  w  Id.  iMi  II  Id.  475. 


s« 


ACKKoWt-EnCMENt. 


A«liH«wl<Ml«M«Ht-Wltk««l  Ifwr. 

■taUofOhto, County,  M. 

B«  It  r«m«mb«rad,  that  on  th« i»y  of-—.  •» 

the  yoar  of  our  Lord  Ona  Thouaanrf  Blgbt  Hun- 

drad  and  Nintty .bafora  ma.tha  undaraiRoad, 

a within  and  for  aald  County,  poraonally  cama 

tha  grantor  to   tha  abova  con</ayanca,  and 

acknowladgad  tha  algntng  tharaof  to  ba  — -  volun- 
Ury  act  and  daad  for  tha  purpoaaa  tharain 
mwntionad.  ^  »       ^      ...  j 

In  witnaaa  wharaof,  I  havaharaunto  aubaeribad 

my  oama  and  afflsad  my aaaJ  on  tha  day  and 

yaar  aferaaaltf. 

[Stml]  (CUMil  lUU.) 

A«kM*wlMitCM«M>-Br   At««rMr. 

■uta  of  Ohio, County,  aa.      ... 

B«  it ramambarad. that ooAa i^,"' TTir'.L 

tha  yaar  of  our  Lord  Ona  Thouaaud  Bight  Hun- 

drad  ard  Ninaty ,  bafora  ma,  tha  aubacribar,  a 

within  and  for  aald  County,  paraonaUy  came 

,  by Attornay  in  fact,  tha  grantor  — -  In 

abova  eonvayanca,  and  acknowladgad  tiia  ^gn- 

Ing  tharaof  to  ba voluntary  act  and  datid  lor 

tha  purpoaaa  tharain  maationad. 

Id  witnaaa  wharaof,  I  hava  baraunto  aulMcribad 
my  nama  and  attaad  my  - —  aaal  on  tha  day  and 
yaar  aforaaald. 


[&»/.] 


(OJIcialUllt.) 


Sail 
thayoari 
dfodasd 


A«ka*«l*d«mMit-or  JL*m%mtmVtm»»9, 

«taofOhio, County,  aa.       .       ,        ._ 

I  it  ramambarad,  that  ontiia dajr  of-—,  in 

yaar  of  our  Lord  Ona  Thouaaud  Bignt  Hun- 
orad  and  Ninaty  — ,  bafora  ma,  tha  aubacribar, 

a within  and  (br  aald  Coanty.  oaraonalty  eama 

— ,  (aaacutor  of  Iha  latt  Will  and  1  ettanMnt  of —— 
dccaaaadl,  or  (AdaOaiatintor  of  ihae^uu  oc— —  dc- 
oMCad).  or  (Oiurdiaa  ol  Aa  panoo  »nd  •««•  of-— 

■laor  Mr  of d«o«aiad>,  tiia  grantor  rja  a^" 

•MW^nwea,  and  aa  nuch-aehnowJadgad   iha 

aigntac  tharaof  to  ba voluntary  aat  and  daad 

for  tha  parpoaa*  tharain  menttonad. 

la  wttoaaa  wharaof,  I  hava  haraunto 
my  aama  and  aBaad  my — >  aaal  on  I 
•MrnfMaaaid. 

[5ka/.]  {CaUUl  MU.) 

Tha wMilB daad apptovatf  bymatbla d«y 

of— tt9~* 

[ftml]  {Pfttmtt  9Mr'') 


.auboarlbad 
tha  day  and 


All— Wi»i«M>f*    O* 

•uta  of  Ohio, County,  at.       .       ,        ^ 

STkromambarad  .jlwiondM  — -f  ttSj-tT-to 
tba  ya«r  of  our  Lord  Ona  Thooaand  %^t  Hm- 

KdandHlnaty .l»««r«  ma,tha  rflhowJhar, 

■ — wrltian  and  tot  aald  Co<ui«r.P2noa«Q^«MM 

I—Shoriffor Coanty,  in  tbo  MMaof  OMo, 

tto  grantor— In  ■toevn  cenvMnuMO.  •«*»*- 
knowkadgad  tba  aiming  tharaof^lo  ba  — -  v-i— - 
ttty  net  and  doadfor^  purpoaan  diarain 


1»wit.a..wh«oJ,^h.j;^h«y.^^bj^ 

AAa*«l«««iM«>B*-7  %x 

•taloorOhto. County,  00.       .       .         . 

BaitioaMmbarad.thMtontiM ^SIt;;^ 

tha  yaar  of  our  Lord  Oi*  Thouaand  ■!«»  Bun- 
dradand     " 


tba  grantor  —  m  anova  CTiiTvy»»i»».  -g-  t-- 
knowlad«d  tto.alci^ng  tharwrf  to  <m  -vAhwMqr 
net  aSdTdaad  «»r  tha  purpoaaa  tharain  man- 

*'1S^tMoa  wiMtaof.  I  hava  »««5W*«  •«%??'!^ 

mynamaand  aSsadmy aaal  oattedayand 

yaar  afaraaald. 


ConvaynncM,  •♦«. ,  canBot  (w  pro»€<!  by  MWriUni 
wUmaut,  but  mutt  Im  ■cknowlcdgad  by  Um  irauwn  In 
Uu  prtMoc*  of  luch  wilMtMi. 

ConvayanoM,  Hs..  tMCuMd  In  urn  othn  8uw, 
Tcrritoiy.  or  dittrlM  of  tha  Uailwi  Sums,  awv  »» 
•■•cuUMi  aecomUng  to  Iha  Uw»  of  ruch  Slau,  Tanlton 
or  diMrici,  and  tb«  cuacutloa  thanof  may  ta  acknowl- 
tdgml  hdbra  any  Jodga  of  a  court  of  racard.  JuMloa  of 
tba  pcM»,or  notary  publtc.  or  othar  oAcw,  aulhorittd 
by  A«  Uwn  of  tuch  iiiaU,  Territory,  or  dirtikij  to  lake 
(ha  acknowMgnnitaf  djadi  th««ln,  jt  brtm  any 
commlulooOT  appointwi  by  Um  govamor  of  Oiagon  for 

tuch  purpoiOT.* 

Unhw  tha  acknowkdgawM  be  lak<«  bcCira  a  Coo- 
miMlonn  appointed  b*  &a  ■pvemor  of  Ojagoa  for  that 
puipoM,  or  before  a  Notary  Public,  certlAed  nader  hb 


notarial  ual,  or  before  the  clerk  of  a  court  of  ■«<^"«. 
cenMed  under  tha  leal  of  the  cuurt,  euck  deed  *h*U 
have  attached  thereto  a  cartltcaie  of  the  eleik.  otpther 
proper  certifying  oflcer  of  a  court  of  record  of  the 
county  or  d&trlct  wlKhla  which  luch  acknowledgment 
w*i  taken,  under  the  teal  of  hie  oAoe.  that  tha  person 
whoM  name  b  MOiecribcd  to  the  cerlOcale  of  acknowl- 
edgDaat  wae,  at  Iha  data  thereof,  inch  oOeer  at  be  It 
repietentcd  to  be,  aad  that  he  bclievet  the  tignatina  of 
•uch  perton  eubecrlbcd  thcre>x>  to  ba  genuine,  aad  th«l 
the  deed  it  executed  aud  acknowladavd  MeonUng  to 
the  Uwt  of  Mich  Suie,  Territorv  or  dlilrict.*  A  mar 
ried  woman  mutt  Join  with  her  huabaad  In  makiag  a 
deed. 

A«ka«wMkPiM«f-0«**<nd  ■*»«. 
" *       ,aoonty  m—r~>*^ 


'day  of — -,  A.'d.  -  •,  oanoiMUy 
»MiMU),lu  nad  lw„anM 


Mataof- 

On  thia . ,  ~. 

cama  bafora  ua  (umu  b..-  ..._„  .-  —  -=„—ii^ 
county,  tha  withla-namad  A.  B.  and  W.  B. 
hia  wlfa,  to  ma  paraonally  known  to  ba  tho  Maa- 
tical  parMna  daocribad  In,  and  who  OMOatad 
tho  within  iBOlr«mant,nnd  neknowlodfod  to  me 
thatthayasosHtod  tho  aama  l^aohr  oM  volun- 
tarily for  tho  noaa  and  purpoaM  thordin  namad. 

^tnaao  my  hMid  nitd  aad  thia day  o*. — , 

A,  D.  — . 

[Ami]  (S^utnrt mmdHOt^  Q0efr.) 

PKHMaTl<TAaiA.  ^ 

CoBvayaacea,  etc.,  execuiad  In  tiio  Mott,  mntt  be 
acknowladgMl  bcfora  Jutlteaa  of  tha  Mprnna  court  of 

j^-sikiaasia-i^s^^ 
^"!ns;iA5rp5i.^!i5a^ 

Out'oT'tiM  Itnto,  hth-  dif  aMyar  ot  diM 
mai^iaardM  city,  town,  or  plaea  whma  dM  deed 
iaSwcMcd  (uader  tha  paMia  aaal)TaayJ<Mcaar  Judge 
-*  •^'  .-—  or  euparior  court,  or  oowrt  t*  cwiyia 
court  of  ptobaia  or  court  of  raoordof 
any  Si  -    •       •     •    ..---^  ^. 

onderi 


ofaqr  UnhadStajee  diMrieii  rawt,  bafon  anra«ewar 
mtglMtaie  of  any  Staia  or  TarrMory  in  thaUahai  Bmm, 
whSliaathoriaed  by  tha  kwt  of  % owmSiWp  or  tW 
ritory  to  laka  atknowledgmjinM  thenta.  the  ptaoT 
of  tuch  authority  b  tha cuti«caleardMcMt  or  p£ 
theBotaiyorany  court  of  raeoid  i",  •"•*S**V!!|^ 
eMaofiEaeonrtthMihaoflcer  taking  mdi  a^M«>- 
adkment  it  duly  qiudUiad  to  tate  <m  mmai  bafcie 
ludMMiiuiofa  anil  oi^  pnbHcahiiMm  of  dM  UnM 
SiateiAindrr  official  leal):  coandi  ami  vtaMOMah 
of  tba  baited  Siatet  hmdor  OMMlar  mal)  t  haAmov 
Aotary  public  fai  any  ihata  or  Tonjmy  el  dm  Unhed 
States,  or  hi  any  Ibiaign  county:  mfcre  tunMMinnrn 
appoiniadlv  tha  governor  in  any  waM,  Teniioty^ 
iimSn  oomi>Tr.mt»m_temmlmiam  la<  Ita  yy 
uniSTioenerMvoked.  ^R^Mralte  pane^aMl^  Ae 
achanwlndgment  la  In  dw  nriMtMT^  Mi^  •{.  *J 
United  SMmTbefbia  any  mhmi  haUiagtha  taakof 
iuJar,oranyhMMriailkEi  Iha  aald  wgtary earvtee 
tmdarV  cenMnieJco  ftom  dW  awawar  af  fiwmyhwU 
Thataal  ia /rdma  /M<r  avidinea  oT  IM  own  gw 


Aeknowladgment«,talt«ibyeeauni«clonan  ef  daad* 
out  of  the  States  aaad  not  be  certified,  aaecpt  ondtr 
!%c!r  own  terit.*  .   .  .  .       _^ 

No  dead  or  contractt  rdadng  to  laal  «Ma«a  by  a  wK, 

■  gaeOenwalg' 


kukiKiwIvdgwi  by  llx  gnuilan  In 

IMUM. 


taacuMd  In  Mnr  otkar  Smk, 
of  iha  UaiMd  SiMW,  may  b* 
th*  law*  of  ruch  Sum,  Tarrilonr 
culUia  tharaof  may  ba  acknowl- 
I  of  a  couft  of  NMrd.  Jualioa  of 
lUlc.  or  othar  oSear,  aulkorind 
lU,  Tanritory,  or  dlf  trk«,  to  Uka 
r  djadi  llMraia,  4>r  bafcta  any 
li  by  tha  govarMr  of  Or^pm  for 

dnicM  ba  lakui  bafgra  •  con- 
r  Oa  ■pramoror  Oragoa  for  llui 
ottry^ubHc,  OirtlAad  radar  hit 
iha  dark  of  >  court  of  racord, 
I  of  iha  Guut,  tuck  daad  (hall 
a  cartltcaM  of  tha  claik.  or  Mhw 
wof  a  court  of  racoid  of  th* 
ilo  which  luch  acknowMgoMM 
aal  of  hit  oflka.  that  tha  panon 
bed  to  the  carlBcala  of  acknowl- 
ua  thereof,  rach  oAeer  at  be  !• 
that  ha  belia*«t  iha  ligaalura  of 
d  ihcrtfo  to  ba  gaaulne.  and  lk«l 
aud  acknowWEird  aceonUng  lo 

1,  TarrHofT  or  dlttrict.*    A 

with  Imt  Butbaad  in 


ily  oL 

of — -.A.  D.  -  -,  MrMMlhr 
wit  MiU  Milt),  In  •■«  •»  MM 
B-asma4  A.  B.  and  W.  B. 
woalljr  kDVWB  to  ba  tb*  Man- 
ribod  in.  ond  who  osoMtad 
•Bt,  BBd  BCkBowlodgod  to  mt 
tbo  Mm*  Artoty  *■*  voIob- 
ud  purpoaao  thorola  namod. 
iMdaMO^ day  of , 

E^mA>*v  Mif  «Wk  «^  Qtk»r.) 

MTX.TA1IIA. 

uecutad  In  tbo  Msto,  iMtl  be 
court  of 


ibf   Mayor  or  cbitf 

or  Bhco  whavt  ika  daad 

, •aal)7aiiy^'^«'Hl* 

iparfair  eeurt,  ar  eowt  r*  coawoa 

L  of  probata  o»  court  of  racoid  of 


yta  idw  Uahad  SiaM  (cartMad 
I  Jwin  and  Iha  aaal  of  tha  9e«M)i 
ke  UBUadStattt  aapfoaM  «S«rt,or 
ditiriM  oowtt,  bafcra  88V  adtoar  or 
laor  Tatritory  ia  ihaUaiMd  liMit, 
dM  law*  of  «•  ewa  SiM^  or  T«t> 
lahilaiBtiiii  tbaiola.    Tbe  proof 


hacutUkaMcrdM.dMfc  or  pro- 
rt  of  roeoid  ta  each  SM*.  «b4ct 
tfMoaocr  lakiiii  aaA  ai^rmrl- 
■UCad  talaiw  iSa  laaMt  Jba*ia 
trpoMleadalMm  of  dM  UaM 
ttal);  eraaab  aad  visa  caaaah 

jsgTor'^asro^'ggaSa 

Saor  fai  any  StaM.  Tanteiry,  or 
MM  cewikafaiaa  lact  ««•  ytui 


L    Wbaratba  paiioa  Mririif  A* 

la  dw  aOMait  m*^  •»:  *; 
aay  panoa  hddfawiha  raab.cf 
rank  bi  Iha  aatd  j^Haryacrrtee 

hiai  dMrnewaor  of  ISMNyhwda. 

/tMdr  ovUkaia  of  lit  ova  gw- 

takaa  by  coemiitdOBaw  cTdoidt 
id  BO*  b*  eartified.  oaccpl  dadir 

»t  rdaiiag  10  Mat  adaM  by  a  wtt, 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT, 


wlieilier  ^l  hm  hot  own  or  kar  huihand'i.  It  binding 
h|>.in  her  unlett  acknowledKecl  r  The  witt  muti  tc- 
kiiHwIadge  on  leparate  e«uniiiM*ioii,  and  her  tlgnalura 
i  .iiinot  be  provea.r 

A  dacd  by  a  corporation  thould  ba  antculed  by  lla 
corpotala  taal  atlatlad  by  ihe  pfaaidanl  and  tacralary.r 

AeliiMwl«tf|nN*Nl-«9M«iwl  Wmwm. 

•tata  of  PaaBoyivanla, eouoty,  aa. 

Bo  It  romamt>ar«d,  that  on  tha day  of , 

A.  D -,  bafora  ma,  ono  of  tha  Juatteo*  of  tbo 

paaco  In  and  for  tha  aald  couaty,  poroonaUy  ap- 
paarad  tbo  abovo-oamad  A.  B.,  aad  achaowl- 

idgod  tbo  forogolBfl to  bo  hia  act  and  daad, 

tnd  daairod  that  tha  aamo  rnlgtit  bo  rocordad  aa 
uch  aacordtag  to  law. 

In  taatiwoBv  wboroof,  I  havo  barouato  aot  my 
■utd  aad  aaal  tbo  day  aad  yaar  abovo  writtoa. 
i.r.,yiuHc0^Ukil>ta€*.    (£W.] 

A«ha«wlf4«MMi«~nmkMi4  mm^  WIIIb. 

■ttto  of  PaoBoyhraala, oouaty,  aa. 

Oa  tbia day  of ,  A.  D.  ono  thouaand  eight 

huBdrad  aad  — .boforo  mo  (oaa  of  tha  Juatkaaof 
tha  poaealnaad  Ibraald  county),  camatba  abovo- 
aamod  A.  B.  and  W.  B.  hIa  wifa,  and  aovaralty 
achnowladgod  «ho  within  written  indantMro  to  bo 
thair  act  and  doad,  and  daairod  that  tbo  aama 
might  ba  rocordad  aa  aueb  according  to  law. 
■ha,  tbo  aald  W.  B.,  bdng  of  full  ago,  and  by  ma 
asamlood  ioparata  and  apart  from  har  huaband, 
th*  fbll  eoatoata  tharaof  being  Krat  made  known 
to  bor,  daclaring  that  aha  didvoluntarily,  and  of 
har  own  froo  will  and  accord,  aaal,  and  a*  har  act 
aad  daad  doUvorod  tha  aald  Indantora  without 
any  aaorekm  or  cempulaioB  on  tho  part  of  bor 


tSk 


In  taatimony  wboroof,  I  hav*  horoanto  aat  my 
hand  aad  aaal  tha  dav  and  yaar  albraaald. 
[A*/.  ]  {Sigmmimrt  mml  iHh  ^^tr. ) 

A«kM«wl««sMMit— H[aMk«««  Mkl  Wlf^. 

Btata  af  PaMMybraaia,  — —  ownaty,  aa. 

Ba  It  ramawbarad,  that  oa  tbo day  of , 

A.  D. .  bofera  ma  (namt  tmd  Ml*  ^i^/UM), 


duly  aommlaalODOd  la  aad  tat  aald  conntar,  cam* 
A.  B.  aad  W.  B.  bto  wlfo,  aad  acknawtadgod  tbo 
farogalag  tadaatara  ta  ba  tbair  act  and  dood,  and 
daahad  Bm  aama  ta  bo  roaordod  aa  aacb.  Sho, 
tbo  aald  W.,  baliw  af  iawAil  ago,  a<»d  tar  mo 
aaamlaad  aaparata  aad  apart  Aram  bar  aald  baa- 
band,  aad  tfia  oaatoata  of  aald  daad  batag  flrot 
ftiltar  mado  kaowa  ta  bar,  did  tbataapea  #jclaro 
tbat*a41d«alita«Brilyandof  borawa  fltaowill 
and  aeaaad,  alga  an*  aaal.  aad  aa  bar  act  aad 
doad,  daH*or  tfia  aama  wtthaM  aay  coorcloa  or 
'Mamdaioa  of  bar  aald  hnahaad. 
WHaaaa  «y  band  aad  aaal  tha  day  aad 


'btooaaatlu 


[AaA]  {Skmitmr*  mi  mi*  V^Utr.) 

^Mk.fgm\9tt/t9mmmt   1>  AtKknwjr. 

■taia  a^  piMaaylvaalai      ■  oavatv,  aa. 

Bafbra  mo,  aoa  af  tha  Juaticaa  or  tba  paaea  la 
aad  for  tba  aaM  aaaatyi  waraaaaWy  oama  tba 
aba«a«aaMd  A.  B.,  aad  n  Bib  awB  nana,  aad  la 
tba  aamaa  af  Ma  oaraUtaoata,  tba  abaoa-aamod 
C.  D  aad  B.  9,,  ia  daa  Mrai  af  law.  aakaowl- 
adgad  tha  abava  wtftko  liidataro  to  ba  bla 
act  aad  daad.  aad  ^  cat  and  daad  af  bla  oaa 
ooMa,  tha  8Md  C.  D.  aad  B.  F.,  by  bim,  tha 
AB.,do«a  an<  airaoatad  -by  virtaa  af  a  lattc 
attatMyta  him  Ibr  that  aw^aaa,  giantad  ta 
»M  that  tiia  aama  mi|ntTM  aa  BMb  ncofdad. 
'  WlwaM  Biy  haad  mU.  aaal  tha  ■■—  day  af  - 

[£m£]~*  (.flIfwafcwaarfoWk.) 

ata  afVMUNfiiraate^^^  afWiHadalpMa,  aa. 
I  te  raaajM^Sa^rSat  an  tbla 4ayof — , 


Mtlvr  of 
tba 


hIa  wift,  namod  In  CMaindaataia,  aad  aararaily 
aekaawMgad  aald  Indantara  ta  ba  Aair  aet  and 
daad  raaiiwtlvatar.aad  daaifadthat  it  Might  ba 
racoraad.  Aad  tint  on  tha  aama  day  tba  «wW., 


wife  of  tha  aald  A.  B.,  baing  privatoly  ommined 
by  tha  aubacribor,  apart  hom  h*r  aald  huaband, 
aahnowledged  that  aha  aaacutad  tha  aald  Inden- 
ture willingly,  without  rompulaion,  or  threat* 
or  fear  of  har  huaband 'a  diaplaaaura. 

In  teatlmony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  eet  my 
hand  and  aflaad  my  offlclal  aaal  thu  day  and  year 
aforeaald. 

[S**!  ]  ISigmUmr*  a  W  Ull*. ) 

■tata  of  Pannaylvania,  city  of  Phi'       iphia,  aa. 

Bo  It  ramombarad,  and  It  It  hataay  eertiflad, 

that  OB  tbio day  of ,  A.  D. ,  before  ma, 

C.  R.,commiaoionar  far  tba  btata  of  idaryland, 
realdont  In  tha  ■uta  of  Pannaylvanla,  to  take  ac* 
knowladgmanta,  atc.paraonaliy  appeared  A.  B. 
and  W.  B.  hIa  wife,  thay  baing  known  to  me  iar 
they  being  •alitftciorily  provtn  by  oral  lettlmony  under 
oatn  received  by  mc)  to  bo  tha  paraona  named  and 
daaeribod  aa  and  profaaaiog  to  Im  partiaa  to  tha 
foregoing  indantura  or  inatrumant  of  writing,  and 
do  aavarally  acknowlodga  the  aama  to  ba  their 
act  and  deed.  The  aald  W.  B.,  having  algnad 
and  aoalad  tha  aald  inatrumant  or  Indenture  ba- 
fora ma,  out  of  th*  prooance  end  hearing  of  hor 
aald  buatand,  and  lialng  by  me  examined  out  of 
auoh  praoanco  and  hearing, "  wha^.her  aha  doth 
aaacut*  and  aekaowladg*  the  aama  freely  and 
voluntarily,  aad  without  balna  Induced  to  do  ao 
by  ftar  or  tnraata  of  ill  uaaga  ay  har  huaband,  or 
l»  faar  of  hia  diaplaaaura, '^daciarath  and  aaith, 
that  aha  doth. 

In  taatimony  wharasf,  ate. 

(Aw/.j  (SigoMtmrtandtitU.) 

■tata  of  PaniwylvaBla,  city  and  couaty  of  Phila. 
dalahia,  aa. 

Ba  It  ramamborad,  that  on  tbia day  of , 

A.  O. ,  boforo  mo,  C  R.,  Baq.,  commiaa'^nar 

dniy  antbariaad  b/  tha  govomor  of  Alabama,  par- 
aaaally  appoarad  A.  B.,  tiia  graator  In  tha  abovo 
and  feragoing  doad  named,  who  ackaowisdgod 
tto  aama  to  bo  bto  valnntary  act  aa4  daad.aignad, 
aaalad,  aad  dalivarod,  an  tho  day  and  yaar  tharain 
abave  motttloaod,  ta  tha  abo«aHMmod -— ,  for 
"M  purpaaoa  tharain  aapraaaad. 

WItaaaa  my  band  and-  aaal  tha  day  and  yoar 


aibriiald 


(Sipmtmr*  ami  MU.) 


Btata  af  Faanayhraaiaj  oauaty  of  Pblladal- 
■h!a,aa. 

Ba  Mr  ramombarad,  that  oa  tha day  of , 

A.  D.  —— ,  bofbra  ma  (C.  M.,  commlaoloBar  for 
Maoaaebiiaatta  wttbin  tha  Btau  of  PonBayhranla, 
daly  authorUod  ta  taba  acknawlodgmaBta  of 
daoda  aad  othar  liiatram«nta  under  aaal),  paraoa 

Id  V 

. win* 

maat.  by  tliani  aabaeribad,  ta  ba  tSoIr  nraa  act 


bla 


^rin 


and  aabaowladgad  tbo  ferogolni 


B. 
inatru- 


aaddTood. 


In  taattaany  wharoof.  I  hava  boranato  aat  my 
Md  aad  aaal  tha  day  and  yaar  abava  written, 
pkt/.]  (Sitaaimrt  M^  til/t.) 


af  fannaylvghla,  eonnty  af   Philadal- 

nbla,aB. 

Be  It  romembarad,  that  on  tha dur  of , 

A.  D.  ,  boforo  mo,  C  R.,  commlaaMnar  fbr 

Malaa  within  tha  Btau  af  Paaaayhfaala,  duly 
antliorliad  ta  taba  acbnowledgmaBta  of  daada 
aad  atitof  laatramanta  nadar  afil,  paraaaa^  an- 

Inatmmend 
act  and 


paarad  th*  above-namad  A.  B.  and  W, 
wlfo,  aad  aaknowiodgad  Om  wlthia  ln« 
(tar  tham  aubacribadF  M  ba  iboir  l^aa  i 


IStmi.] 


aaay  wbaraof,  I  have  barauato  aat  my 
aotftha  oay  and  yaar  abova  writtan. 


iSltimimrtmmitmt.) 


tha 


AchumJHdmtmt    aufdr  Cnmttr. 
Oty  aad  county  of  Haw  Vark,  aa. 

Oa  tUa day  of  — — ,  A  D.  — ,  boforo  ma, 

•  C.  R.,  a  raaldaat  af ,  ta  me  kno«'a  to  be 

aaiaan  daralbcd  In  and  wha  eaocuted  th* 

„jiln  laatnunaat  in  writing,  and  who  acknowl* 

edged  dahr  ta  have  eaactttad  tho  eame,  and  thto 

to  me  ia  eatieihctory  proof  of  the  oMcatlan  of  the 

aald  written  Inatntmeet. 

In  teaHmany,  etc 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 


4eiiuw/t4fmtmi—Gramt0r  tmd  Wif*. 

City  and  couoty  of  N«w  Yerli.w. 

On  thte  4«y  of ,  A.  D. ,  iMfor*  m^, 

Mm*  A.  B.  and  W.  his  wita,  rMldanu  of ,  ta 

ma  known  to  ba  Iha  paraona  daacribad  In  and 
who  aiavuud  tha  within  tnatrumani  In  writing, 
•nd  who  aehnowUdfad  duly  to  hava  aaacutad 
tha  aama,  and  tha  aald  W.  (tha  wlfa)  havtns  boan 
aaparauly  aaamlnad  by  ma,  aehnowladgad  that 
aha  aaacutad  tha  aaid  Inatrumant  of  har  own  fraa 
will  and  acaord,  aU  wblah  la  to  ma  aatlahctofy 
mroof  of  tha  aaaautlon  of  tha  aald  wrlttau  Inattu- 
mant  by  tha  partlaa  aforoaald. 

In  taatlmeny.  ats.  ,  ,  . 

\SnU.\  (SifiuUur*  amd  tait.) 

City  and  county  of  Haw  York,  aa. 

On  tbto day  af ,  A.  D. ,  bafora  ma. 

e»  -na  W.  S.,  a  raaldant  of ,  to  ma  pOTaooally 

known  aa  auch  (#r  arovcd  to  aia  by  iha  oaih  of—, 

a  midani  at ,  (who  U  jpanoaaUy  knowa  lo  ma  aa 

■uclg  10  ba  Um  mom  parwrn),  and  baln(  aworntdo> 
':  ba  waa  nraaant  and  aaw 


poaatbi  that  1 


rum,  mw^ 

•.duly 


asatuta  tha  within  inatrumant  In  writlac,  that 
thla  witaaaa  haa  known  tha  aald  A.  B. ,  andhnowa 
him  to  ba  tha  pafaoo  daacribad  in  and  who  9u»^ 
autad  tha  aald  lnatnimant,awl  thla  la  aatiafaetory 
l^roof  to  ma  of  tha  aaaautlon  of  tho  aald  inatru- 
mant. In  taatlmony,  ate. 
iSnU. ]  (Sifnalurt  mmd  lUU.) 

A«liM*frl«tf«MMifr-Kr  •  VrwrtMmm. 

BtataofPannayhmnla,- — eounty,aa. 

Bafbra  ma,  and  of  tha  Juatlcaa,  aia.,  naraonaUy 
appaarad  A.  B..  Ma%.,  praatdaat  9f  na  abavo- 
Mamad  eorvoraUon,  who,  batni  duly  awom,  da- 
paaath  and  aalth,  that  ba  waa  paraaoal^jraaiBt 
•t  tha  aaaautlon  af  tha  akava  writiatf  iMaatar<i. 
•nd  aaw  tha  aamman  aaxl  a/  tha  aaM  (naar#  ^ 
fr*»rmtitm)  duly  albad  tbarata,  tiMt  tha  aaal  aa 
•Mud  la  tha  eammoiiMidcoKporattaaalortiM 
•aid  — ,  and  that  tha  alMva  wtlttan  — -  ynm 
duhraa«ladand<lallvarad,tv.aa.Mid  iartha  Mt 
anddaadartbaaaideor|iOT«fiwiiaftiM — .fM-tba 
■aaa  and  putnoaaa  tbaroln  mantloBad.    And  that 


ant  aubaeHhad  ta  Oa  aaid 


M  ncaatdnnt  oftha  aatd  caraeratlan.  In  attaa- 
tatlan  af  tha  dua  aaaautlan  and  dattvanr  «f  aald 
•ad,  la  fff  thta  dapanaat'a  wapar  hMMwritlnc. 
Bwani  Mtd  aubaartbad  banra  ma  thla 


of — .A.D.- 
Aeka*wli 


(JlfpMlwvMr^MMr.) 
■■•IMlMk  mS 


Raaoadatloaa  of  laharilaaee  and  dowar  an  bidafiad 
npon  dia  daad. 

■tata  of  Padmsrhninte.  ata. 
'  !,&•.&.  commbwiowar  •waintad  undar  tha 
•at  of  tha  OanarSl  AaaamM^  of  tka  Itata  of 
■auth  CatoHaa,  of  dM  —  day  of  — >  A.  O.  — -, 
to  taka  raaunatatioao  of  dowar  md  udMritaMa, 
•te.,  la  tka  ttata  of  Panaaylvunta,  da  h«fn^ 
cartiiy,  to  •U  whom  It  may  coacarm  tkat  W.  B., 
tha  wlh  «f  tba  wltbbi-BWiiad  A.  B..  did  thla  dM 
•ppaar  bafeta  «a.and  upon  baiag  arlvataty  aad 
■apaMt^ai!aa»UMdinrma.dld  dMUf*  ttiat  tkm 
doaa  fraa»,  vohtatarlqr,  aad  wttlM«t  mhp  com- 
.pttlatoa,dJaM,or  faar  of  any  paraon  or  patao^a 
whomaaovat,  raaoaoca.  rawMa,  mMI  Ibravar  ra- 
Vnqaiah  noto  iba  wltUa-aamad  A.  B.,  hia  haira 
•MM  aaalfwa,  •!!  bar  lataraat  aad  aatata,  and  •!•• 
•n  bar  nnt  aad  cfaUm  of  dowar,  of.  In  or  ta,  aU 
•nd  aliwnlar  tha  pramlaaa  withia  mantioaad  aad 

Wvaauadar  my  haad  aad  aaal  thla— —tfmraf 
,A.D .     l&N/.]       (Slgmalmnimmltai.) 

Aali— ttladteiiiaiH   »«wrt»rta«  of 
■■karttMM*. 

ttata  of  Paaaayhraalat  alty  of  >bll«dalpMa,  a^ 

I,  C.  •.  C  aammlaaioaar  aapoletad  aador  tiia 
act  of  tha  Oaaaral  AaaaaaWi' aftha  Mata  of  Soatb 

OHt«llaa,oftl^-*— dayaf         *  "■  " 

raaaaelatlona  "  " 

tha  Stata  < 

•n  whom , 

•f  tha  wttMc-aamad  A.  B.,dM  tiila  day  appaar 
bafera  ma,  and  upon  balna  prlvatabr  aad  aaaa 
rauiy  aaamlnad  iy  bm,  did  daclara  that  aha  did 


aatually  Join  har  aald  huaband  in  aaacuflaa  tbt 
within  ralaaaa,  aad  that  tha  aama  waa  poaMlvaljr 
anA  bona  (Ida  aaaautad  by  tham  at  laaat  aav«n 
daya  bafera  thla  bar  •aaminattoa,  ar.d  that  ah* 
did  than  and  attll  daaa  at  thla  tlOM  fraaly,  votun- 
tarily,  and  withaut  aay  mannor  of  eompuialon, 
drtad,  or  faar  of  aay  paraon  or  paraona  whomto- 
■var,  ranounac.  ralaaaa,  and  foravar  ralinaulah 
unto  tha  withln-namad  A.  B.,  hIa  bairn  and  aa- 
algna,  all  bar  aatata,  Intaraot,  and  Inharltanca,  la 
ail  and  ainaular  tha  pramlaaa  within  mantlonad 
andralaaaad. 

Olvaa  undar  my  liand  and  aaal  thla day  af 

,A.  D. .     [Jm/.]        {S4ti»^»r»  am4 tUb.) 

iMi«-MMrlfl^a 

-  county,  aa. 


A.  D. 


Aali— wla<«Mi— «   Bliai 

■uta  of  Pannayhranla. coi 

Ba  k    ramambarad,  that  thla 

.  D. ,  In  tha  opan  court  of  common  piaaa  or 

aald  county,  and  bafara  tha  ludgaa  of  tha  aaid 
court,  cama  A.  B.,  high  ahariff  of  laid  county, 
and  acknowladflaJ  tha  above  daad  poll  to  ba  bla 
•et  and  daad,  and  daairad  that  achnowtodgmant 
of  aaid  daad  might  ba  vatarad  of  racerd  amang 
tha  pracaadlnga  af  tha  caurt,  aad  tha  aama  waa 
tharaupoa  aatarad  aceordtngiy. 

In  taatlmony  wboraof,  t  hava  harauato  aat  my 
hand  and  cauaad  tha  aaal  of  tho  aaid  court  to  be 
affiaad  tha  day  aad  yaar  abova  mantlonad. 

[*»rf.J  (S^mUmrtmmlMU.) 

Aali— wiaJf  •■>— A— <iiap  Wwrwm. 

■tata  af  Paanaylvaala, cauaty,  a*. 

Achaowladga/  by  A.  B.,  blah  AicrUT  of  fjia 

county  of .  la  opaa  court  ofaommon  plaaa,  la 

and  far  tha  aaid  eouaty,  tha day  af ,  A.  D. 

,  aad  aatarad  amoag  tha  proaaadlapa  of  tha 

caurt. 

Witaaaa  my  haad  aad  tha  aaal  of  my  ofltea,  tha 
day  aad  yaar  abova  writtaa. 

(5kU.\  iSv>^r»  tmd  Mb.) 

Aalf wlaiiBMiaii»-B>y 


■tata  of  faanaylvaala, aouaty,  aa. 

Bafbra  ma,  oaa  of  tha  Juatioai  la  aad  far  aald 
aouaty,  paraaaaUy  aaaaarad  tha  abova-aaaaad 
A.  B.,  C  D.,  aad  B.V.,  wka  aavarally,  ta  dua 


of  law,  aabaowladgad  tlM  Cwamiag  aartlft- 
»«  aa  aad  far  thalra.  aad  aaah  af  Qialr  act  aad 
daad,  ta  tha  aad  tkat  tha  aama  migkt  baraaatdad 


Witaaaa  my  kaad  aad  aaal  tkia dayaf , 

it-WrlltaMr  ta  ■■gllaB. 


AMia«WM«MiMit-<wnfta>  ta  ■■ell 

CMnrni  MMdkar  IdManMiBW. 

Mata  of  faaamrhmnla,  —  caaaty,  •■. 

Mbro  maTj/P.,  oaa  of  «ka  Jaadaaa  af  tha 
paaca  la  aad  ibr  tha  aald  caaaty,  paraaaaOy  aa- 
paarad  tita  witbla  A.  D.,  wka  ia  my  praaaaa*  did 
•ckaawladM  tka  tbcagoiac  — -  — — ,  wkawef 
tiM  anaaaad  pur  porta  ta  ba  a  trsa  traaabittar,  to 
ba  tria  volnatary  aat  aad  d$ad,  mat  by  hUa  «•• 
Uvarad  t»  tko  wUkiD-aaiaad  C.  D.,  for  tha  par- 
pacaa  ttwiaia  maatJaaad -— -  tha  aaaaa  aad  aaal 
thwaaata  prwctlbad  and  aBlaad  kalag  tka  fiapir 
kaaii  aad  aaal  of  kim.  tha  aaid  A.  a 

ia  taatlmawy  wharaaf,  I  htnm  hwaanta  aat  mf 
kaadaadaaiHrttia dayaf .A.D. .  . 

IStmt}  {SfpMmrttmdHU*.) 


rwiBfcCB  «r  u  IbMd  By  »  W 
-iMre  iHal  ba  taw  wdKawwa  lo  a  diad  i 
oaaofwhoai  aaat  laka  thit  aflUavIt  to  ba  ladamd  ea 


lofiaa! 


iba  dead  toanlM*  it  to  record  la  South  CaraUsa. 
Oaa  wItatM  h  mAoiam  far  paiaaaal  propcRy. 

■tata  of  Paaaayhmaia,  ate  _      _ 

ParaaaaUy appoarad  bafera  ma,  & ■. C, «Mn- 
mlaaloaar  aapoiatad  nndar  tha  act  af  tta  Oaaanl 
AaaamMy  of  tka  Stata  of  Boutk  CaroHaa,  of  Oie 

day  of .A.  D. . ta  taka  ackaowladt- 

ataat  or  praaf  of  daada.«tB.,  ia  Oa  Mataef  Paaa- 
ayl*aala,W.S..  aad  mirfa  oath  tkat  ka  aaw  tin 
wttfcla-aamad  A.  B.  alga,  aaal,  aad  aa  hia  act  aad 
daad  doMvar  tka  widMa  wtittaa  daad,  aad  ttat 
ka  with  C.  D.  witaaaaad  dw  aaamntoa  dnraaft 

(&«£]  ***"*  (JKpMtaiwaatf/Ur.) 

9*^  hw  ■i«hanrifc»iHg  WU 

Proof  of  tho  aaaeailaa  at  a  daad  auqr  ba 


iuab«n4  la  •aMuAafl  tht 
t  th*  Mini*  WM  paaMvdy 

I  by  Ihtfii  at  laaM  Mv*n 
lamiaatloa,  *u4  that  ah* 

II  thia  tima  f^taly,  vetun- 
'  mannar  of  compttlaton, 
raen  or  parsoaa  whomw' 
I,  aii4  foravar  raliaauUh 
I  h.  k.,  hta  halm  ana  aa- 
laraal,  and  Inharttanca,  la 
amlaa*  within  mantlonad 

and  aaal  thla day  af 


county,  aa. 

hat  thla day  of  — . 

Bourl  of  common  plana  of 
•  tha  Judga*  of  tu  aald 
li  aharlff  of  aald  coanty, 
akovo  daod  |toU  to  ba  hla 
•d  that  naknowladgmant 
untartd  of  racord  among 
court,  and  th*  aama  waa 
rdlnfly. 

r,  I  bava  harauato  aat  my 
al  of  tha  aatd  court  to  b* 
r  abova  mantlonad. 

{Sigmt»r*  mitdMU.) 

i«>-AM«tli«v  Wwrtm. 

i, county,  cs. 

.  •.,  hC|h  abcrUr  of  fh* 
Bourt  ofcommon  ploaa,  la 

,  tha day  of ,  A.  D. 

ig  tha  procaodlajta  of  th* 

I  tha  aonl  of  my  ofltea,  th* 


{SigmmtmrtmrndHUi.) 


i, aonntjri**- 

w  )aatl««i  In  and  ibr  aald 
■*  ^b^  nb — "* 


.,  who  aairoralhr,  to  dua 
dgod  tha  teramlai  aartUI- 
ud  aaah  of  noir  net  and 
I*  anma  might  ha  rnordil 

d  aaal  thla day  of . 

(%wa«nr»aWriflf.) 
-WrIJtas  te  ] 


M  of  tlM  Jvatleaa  of  tta 
•Id  cavMy.  paraonany  M; 
..  who  to  my  praaapaa  m 

igatnc ,  whaaaaf 

to  ba  a  trsa  tnaalntlar,  to 

lad  dead,  a»£  by  blm  do- 

lamad  C.  O.,  far  tha  pmi- 

ad — -tha  aama  and  aaal 

adaSaadbaiagthatfi 

lha*aMA.». 

(.  I  hava  baiamito  aat 

Jagraf .A.0. .  , 

iSfprntmrttrndmU.) 

mt^k  Iv  •  WltaMS. 
•MUM  10  a  daad  of  r**l  «au 
M«  aSdavIt  <o  b*  tndonNd 
Boid  la  SaMh  Canlica. 
;  far  panoaal  prapany. 

**>  •^^^  ^  ^  ^ 

bofbr*  ma,  &  ■.  C  ,  e«m- 
ndar  tha  net  af  tiM  Oananl 
I  of  South  Caionna,  of  tta 

,  ta  toba  aeknoiwta^ 

.  aiB..  to  oi  twia  of  rann- 
ladaealh  thakhaaaw  «m 

e,aaal,a»daaMaactaiM 
wHttaa  d^ad,  aiid'^ 
nI  tha  asaontloB  tDataofk 

oTa  daadnuiy  wiaadaW  «)^ 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT, 


41 


lAdavll  of  a  tubacriWng  wIumm.  Powan  of  allnrmy 
iirliitint  to  phU  aauia  miul  b*  acliBovladgad  tha  Mm* 

i«  <lc«<b.r 

Suta  of  Pannaylvanla, county,  a*. 

Ba  It  ramambarad,  that  on  th* day  of , 

A.  U. ,l>*rorama(aMMr«iN/////ry<!^('M/),duly 

commlaalonad  In  and  for  aald  cojnly,  paraonally 
appaarad  W.  ■.,ana  of  tha  aubacrlblng  wttnaaaaa 
to  tha  axacution  of  th*  abov*  Indantura,  who 
balnf  duly  awi»rn  (or  affirnnd)  accordlna  to  mw, 
doth  dapo**  and  i,ay  that  h*  did  a**  A.  ■.,  th* 
iranlor  abov*  nam*d,  aign  and  aaal,  and  aa  hla 
act  and  daad  d*llv*r  th*  abov*  lnd*nturk  (cUcd  vr 
Kinveyaoca),  far  th*  ua«  and  purpoaaa  tharatn 
mtntloaad,  and  that  h*  did  alao  a**  N.  i.  aub- 
•crlb*  hla  nam*  th*r*unto  aa  th*  oth*r  wltn«*a 
of  auch  aaallng  and  dallvary,  and  that  tha  nam* 
of  thla  d*pon*nt  th*r*unlo  aat  and  aub*crlb*d  aa 
a  witnaaa  1*  of  thla  daponant'a  own  proper  hand- 
wrltlng.i>  W.  i.,  WilHtii. 

Swam  (*r  affirmcdt  to  and  aubacrlbad  b*for*  m* 
th*  day  and  y*ar  aforaoald. 

Witnaaa  my  haiUI  and  oMdal  aaal. 

[  St»l.  ]  {Sigtmlmr,  ami  litU. ) 

Btata  of  P*nn*ylvanla, county,  aa. 

Be  It  ramambarad,  that  on  th* day  of , 

A.  O.  ,  b«for*  mo  («<im««  and  lilU  ^  i^<er) 

paraonally  cama  W.  T.,  who  bolng  duly  aworii 
(«r  aMnnad)  according  to  law,  data  dapoaa  and 
say,  that  h*  waa  paraonally  praaant  and  did  *•■ 
th*  common  or  corporata  omiI  of  tha  abova-nam*d 
(MM*  ^f  ctrfmtliam)  aflbuid  to  tha  faragolog  In- 
danturn  (*r  daad  poll  j.  That  tha  aeni  aa  alllsad  la 
tha  common  or  carporata  aaal  of  tha  aald  («Mw<r 
^ctrfMrmtitm),  and  waa  ao  ailxad  by  th*  authority 
of  tha  aald  eorporatton  aa  tha  act  and  daad  thara- 
af.  That  tha  abova-namad  P.  P.  la  tha  praaldant 
•r  th*  aald  corporatlan,  and  did  aign  tha  aald  in- 
icntura  («r  d**d  ppO)  aa  auch  in  tha  praaanc*  of 
thla  doponant.  That  thia  daponant  la  th*  aacra- 
ury  of  tlM  aald  eo  rporatlon,  and  that  th*  nama 
or  thia  daponant  ahava  aignad  In  attaatation  of 
til*  dua  aaaauttoa  of  tha  aald  Indantura  («r  dacd 
P")!!)  la  of  thla  daponant'a  own  propar  hand- 
writing. t.lL,TVttmrtr(»rMlur4tfie*r). 

Sworn  to  and  aubacrlbad  baforo  ma. 

VSfl.\  (SimUmvmmdlUtt.) 

WBMVm  ni.AHl». 

Convayanc**.  «tc.,  cxaeuiad  In  tliia  tlata,  muat  be 
icknoariaf^ad  before  •  aeaalor.  Judge.  Justice  of  the 
Mace,  noury  public,  or  town  clerk,  aiid  recorded  or 
lodged  to  be  reconied  in  the  office  of  th*  town  cl*rk  of 
the  town  vrlMre  the  land  llei.t 

If  the  ■nuttor  or  grantors  die  or  remove  firoai  tlie  Stale 
bcfcre  aekaowledgaMnt,  the  aupreme  court,  or  ooort  of 
oo»"onpl»i,  on  proof  of  algaatura,  aiay  order  the 
flceo  racoidcd.V 

Fmcaud  out  of  thla  Stat*,  a  convayano*  of  landi 
vliMn  thla  StBM,  or  inatmawni  lalaiiDg  thereto  executed 
withont  lb*  Units  of  this  Stau  ^  within  the  United 
Sntte,  aaay  tie  iw}.^iwM|t*d  before  any  Judge,  Juttioe 
of  lb*  a  saw-,  laayor,  or  notary  puMre  In  the  Stat* 
where  tt«  aaaMi  ia  eaacuied,  or  by  any  oaatmlselooer 
•ppoiatod  by  llie  governor  ami  duly  oualilled  tbeia- 
Mnto :  and  iTwithoul  the  Uaills  of  the  Unitad  Stataa,  be- 
fore any  aaifcaasador,  mlnntar.  ckmrgi  tt^tUm, 
recoanlaid  consul,  vice-conaul,  or  connBMCial  agent  of 
the  Vnilad  States,  or  by  aiiy..oommisslooer  appoinlad 
and  quallSed  aa  afotaaid,  in  the  cmntry  In  wiilch  auch 
deed  or  iastrumcnt  t«  •xceulad.e 

Where  tana  h  conveyed  by  «  nianried  man,  th*  fte  to 
which  ia  ia  hlai,  ht*  wUe  any  Join  in  the  erecutlop.  of 
the  deed  In  order  to  release  her  right  of  dow«r,  althoiwh 
the  huabaad  oaly  la  raqidied  to  aocn     '  "~ 

the  huahand  *t^  erife  are  adied  of 
the  wi»,  iiia  officer  uUng  tlw  acknowtodgawni 
exa«ia*  the  wHk  wivlly  and  apart  flrom  her  husband  hi 
regard  tn  th*  d**d.  and  aha  must  dadaia  to  sack  officer 
that  iIm  deed  or  Inetruonnt  shown  and  explained  to  her 
by  sa^  officer  la  bar  vohmary  act,  and  thu  siia  doaa 
not  wish  M  retract  the  aaae.' 

A«laMwtadl«M«ia«^|>MkMki  aad  WUto. 

BMW  af 


ner  ngnt  oi  aow«r,  oitnougli 
1  to  aMcnowledp  it.  Where 
■deed  of  land  in  the  tighi  of 
;  th*  acknowtadgawnt  most 


tto  at —~,aotmt)r  of ,  aa. 

It  raaMmhwad,  that  on  thla  —  day  of , 

A.  D.  — s  MWra  ma  ( waw  imd  lUU  ^^fktr),  par- 

■^Saa  Cioarel  Statute*.    ■-GcBcral  Siaiuiaa.  i«e. 
Md.ch.isa.  •.See  Geneia)  Staiutea.   t-Cade,|io7i. 


aonallv  apuarad  A.  B.  and  W.  B.  hla  wife,  and 
the  aald  A.  B.  acknowledged  the  loregotng  Inatru- 
roeni  by  him  elgned  to  be  his  free  and  voluntary 
act  and  daad,  and  tha  aald  W.  B.,  being  by  me 
examined  privily  and  apart  from  her  eald  hue- 
band,  and  having  aald  Inatrument  ahown  and  ex- 
plained to  her  by  ma,  aeparately  and  apart  de- 
clared to  me  that  It  la  her  voluntary  act,  and  that 
aha  doea  not  wlah  to  rauaci  th*  aama. 

In  taatlmony  wharoof,  I  have  aat  my  hand  and 
aeal  at th*  day  and  yaar  abov*  wriltnn. 

{H^ifl.  J  (Hiputtur^  indlUU  i/^cer. ) 

■•OTIS  CAUOUVA. 

Before  any  deed  or  InatruaMot  In  writiag  can  be 
lecunlsd  In  the  propar  oflke  wltbla  this  Slate,  the 
esecution  ikeraof  shall  flrst  be  proved  by  the  affidavit 
In  wriliag  of  a  aubacribing  witaass  to  such  Inairumeni 
taken  bslor*  sosH  officer  within  this  State  competent 
to  administer  aa  oaih,  or  bcfora  a  commiaaioner,  or 
oommlsalonCTs,  appolatad  by  dtdimu$  laauad  from  the 
court  of  coamun  |de*a  of  the  county  In  which  the  lo- 
alrumant  ia  to  be  recorded  i  or,  If  taken  without  th*  limila 
of  thia  Suta  and  within  the  Unitad  Sutea,  before  a 
commlaaloaar  of  deads  of  thla  Sute,  or  before  a  dark 
ol  aeourtof  record,  who  shall  ceitiiy  the  tame  under 
his  offidai  seal,  or  bafor*  a  notary  public,  who  shall 
affix  thereto  his  official  seal,  aad  accompany  the  aama 
with  a  oanlScala  aa  to  hia  official  character  from  iIm 
clerk  of  a  court  of  record  of  tha  county  In  which  th* 
affidavit  ia  taken :  or.  If  uken  without  the  Unitad  Sutea, 
before  a  oonaid,  vtoenxMsul  or  consular  agent  of  Iha 
United  Slates  it  America. 

(Ota.  Statutee  iMs— Sec  lyn)- 

Stata  of —^.county  of——,  aa. 


Parai^oally  appaarad  baioira  ma,  W.  T.,  and 
oath  that  ha  (or  aha)  aaw  tha  wltlii»>namad 


made 


A.  B.  (orpartlaa  totha  daad)  aign,  aaal  and  aa  hia 
(har  or  thalr)  act  and  daad,  daHver  tha  within- 
written  doadt  and  that  ha  (oraha)  with  N.  8.,wit- 
naaaad  tha  aaacatloa  tharaaf. 

\.S^md\   W.  T.,  WUmiM. 

•worn  to  bafata  ota,    thia  — day    of— 
A.  D. tig   . 

[Aa/.]  (Sfraa/lMV  amdlUU^  VlUtr.) 

■iNiWhctattoH  •£  V*w«gw 


aa*  w-— ,  aovaty  of—,  aa. 
t  (mamtmnd  tUlt  if  tgUtr),  do  haratoy  cartiiy 
anto  all  whom  It  may  ooncam,  that  W.  >.,  tha 
wife  of  the  withto-aamad  A.  B.,  did  thla  day  ap- 
pear bafota  OM,  and  apon  Kaink  privataty  aad 
aaparataly  asamlnod  by  ma,  did  daclara  that  aha 


valaatartly,  and  without  aay  aom- 
paMon,  draad,  or  faar  of  aay  paraon  or 


aad  atagilar  tha  pramiaaC within  manttonad  and 
ralaaaaZ.  (Stgmturt  ^  m^/ii.)   W.  B. 

Ohpanuodarmyluuidaiid  aaal  thla  — day  af 
—.A.  IX— H 


[£m/.J 


(Sfcwa/arw  mmd  tHit  ^  ^fUf.) 


rwMnwmnM. 

AwMrofeonveyanoee,  etc.,  is  by  not  ki*  than  two 
suhacribing  witnaaaae.  Aekntmlti^tnt  is  by  maker 
himaaif,  In  erhicb  case  th«i*  is  no  need  of  subscribing 
witneaam.  Such  probata  or  acknowledgment  Is  evidence 
trimm  /»cU  onlw  ia  the  courts,  of  the  execution  of  the 
inatruntant.    In  tha  abaanc*  properly  accounted  for  of 


the  original  instrumani.  a  copy  from  the  office  of  registry 
with  the  certllMalar  of  ntobat*  or  ackaowfcedgment,  i* 
primm/mci*  evidence  of  the  oonlonu  aad  execution  of 


the  origtnal.* 

The  eaaentlal  sufaalaac*  of  the  ceiiitfcat*  of  probate  is, 
the  oath  of  the  two  aubacribing  wltiiesaee  that  they  arc 
acquainted  with  tha  maker  or  grantor,  aad  that  in  their 
presence  he  acknowledied  th*  dead,  etc.,  to  be  hi*  act 
and  deed  on  the  day  it  beam  data,  or  eom*  deainated 
time  i  the  eascntial  aubatanoa  of  a  oertlfleate  of  acknowl. 
edemcnt  ia  that  the  officer  before  whom  it  ie  taken  i|i 
r  '«  n  .lly  acquaimed  with  th*  nakcr,  aad  that  he  <ihi 


ACKNOWLKDOMENT. 


O.U  X.r  tn  or  out  of  lh«  Hu...  If  *1 »-"».""» 


JM  !•  Mwo^'ly  •aiu«lM«<.  '•'  rm.h«^  which  wtll 
I  iiKcir  penumlly  •tuiwlnwd       n»« 


mital  tub 


.  «lh  !•  th*l  .h.  •PIMnrad  ^l^'""  ""^iX-d  oi 
.nd  .pari  fro-  Mr  h.-iUnd.  •«»  «'"»?"'2fKLl7 


l«^  or  chrk  W  dM  wMMty  aMH*.  «Am  atN««9«aM 


A«lll 


voTunuriiv^  uB.Wr»UB»ll««lv, 
■     *        "■--  *— -b«iia,  I 


folununn.  un.».«™.n,y,  wHlwul  CO-puUloa  or 
:amlr*lnl  from  h«r  hwUnd,  Wc  •  «,i,i,|« 

A.  fcSJTJf  T.nn«.«.  b.for,  cWrk.  .T  co«j.,  co«« 
and  ih«lr  dc|Mill«i.  uml  noinrto  pwhtle  '"•■r  •'"•' 
aut*  or  T.V  itory  of  «h«  Ui.t««l  Suiw  h^t*  •  «"•», 

T.nn..M.'  lor  «:.  I,  Hum  or  r.rr«lory.  or  '^'Tff'M^ 
«fM.h  St...  or  Itrrllon-.oronif  «"«"  '»V^;;7 
■ny  .-(rrl.  ol  .ny  c,»„i  of  r«.ord  «»«"*»"  "u^  , 

or.  <io«rv  »««  V  f  .1*11  •'":'^'^,'^^}.l'r^'- 
or  »mb*M«»!l.r  cvf  f^»»  U«lwd  Smw  In  tiMsh  couBtry- 

not>r<«.  c««»li,  ■iBkl.r*.  or  »«l»»««lor»,  J")^ Jj 
UBd.r  l»;.lr  o«dlJ •«!•.•    iV «•<•  ky  .court  of  r«od^ 

th*  copy  of  tiM  Miry  «•  ih*  r«wd  titiH  •»•  «''*«'^ 
lh«  f  ".(U:.»  of  th.  cterk  of  lb.  comt  "'«»"  ^l.  m«1 

oAciiJ  eh.r.cl.r  of  ih.  clerb  »h.H  U  »«ri««rt  by  ih. 
MftUlcM  of  th.  prwldlm  Judi*  of  ih.  court.* 

Xr  •.«#).  with  whM  « •«sj^;*s5' J!: 

cuMd  U>«  within  ««•«  («..*»»rftKriiiiNitf)  fcr  th« 
purMMa  tbarain  MBlMWM. 

PpmT  ky  — >mH»I—  WIUMMk> 

■tcMof — <jv^*f—r>*^.     . « 


•^  Mat  •# 
MiMWtflrwBlMr 


K«l««Mi«M«  p«««  **»»*••»  til. 
wl£7«a  U.l«»!id8uM.  w«r  >>•  ■«'•  '" ; 
fcn.iUMr:  tu.  A  clerk  ol  mm  coufi  •••  ."'''I 
barilla  .  m.1.  mI.  A  oanaiiMlaiMr  o(  dMd*  duly 
tyaoiiiirt  uirfM  tk.  law.  of  ikl*  UiaM.      yl.   A  iMUvy 

_.   Ik* 

_,„.„...„    ..•Inltur, 

'otilUrgt  diJfmtrtt  A  the  UbiiwI  8l«in 
ItM  in  lE.  couBiry 


ValMSaUkMaawy  b«bAr..«lh.    :  i»    A«jl 

>h.i.  ih»  piiioJ 


or _  l»  aMul..     «l    A  eo»«il-|.B««l. 

oommI,  vtM-cuMul,  comaMrcldl  .*»!,  *lc.  coaMcp  i>l 
MMM,  dnuty  coaMil  or  comuUr  .g.ni  of  th.  Uhlicit 
8mm.,  natdcBt  I.  lb.  cmuMry  whar.  ib.  proof  or  *c 
'   '        ~il  I.  MMk.    ad.  A  notary  pubilfe  , 


Ja7!m€^\  M  Uila  da*  MnoMUy  appaarmi  A 

I  tha  Mm. 

_■•_  tMraIn  .»• 

jaaM  C.  D..  wMb  •»  »•? ^  ^ 
'b^u'kMa  aMwlMil  by  mo  privUy  and 

oM  wlah  ta  r*»faal  H.  , 

QiVM  «ii«ar  My  ban*  an*  aaal  af 


tha  (btWalMl  laatmniaiit  af  wrlttna, 


Iva*  MMar  ■»/  b 
teyaf — ^.liM- 


Hrt^yrahHataagJIhjr^^^^ 
kgr  a  wita« 


SctraN 


nam  aitMtitfaii  •»  •i'ijR^  *•  ^**'-TrTg:--g 
bar  frM^.  valMtaftty,  i»<l .  «>*M**"f9WS> 
withoM  awMPtriala*  at  aeaaltWM  m  hat  MM.hya* 


£TUriMr««rf«aaMl|y  app«ara4  A.  S, 


•«a.<««*i 


laihlii 


^r*i  diMtlei  __ - - 
,Sa.W,ee39«,*.*.«; 


giBMadMMMpMMioaa  bo  <^m  ktfcn 
rvSlT     Sfadn-tt  ana.  •&»«.#.(,«;  Aat 


f5af;a.?JS^iaL.Ti^."5^?i=Jt 


5pyrtkVi5«a» 


jtaa,baiMoajHdr 

e.ptthatawawta<apMa—y«**«y— y"  ""' 
MwOaavalStatntaa. 


%  mrnM*  wUb*«t  Ik* 
Ib^Huua  n«r  Im  nad*  Ik 
li  al  lOHH  toun  i<  ret't.l 
uMnmluioow  o(  ittiU  duly 
of  ikl*  uutM.     yl.   A  Munr 


It    plIK . 

ihtfcnaillH'.  :  ■•>■  AiKlnltMr, 

I  iKi  counUY  «rlMi»  lh«  ptinJ 
iiuhl.  id.  A  comMil.i«nrtal 
Hn  lal  >cani,  vl««  ammtf  lal 
niwuUir  atanl  ef  iIm  Ul>lir<i 
imry  wImm  ih«  orooC  of  •<: 
M.  A  Boianr  public . 

■iljin — *  •'  HimMiwI 
I  Wlltk 

iy«A«  iMwI*  */  mmtltkmrMltr 
)•«  MrMMUy  appaarad  A 
iCiK.  ■..  «•••«'"«•""  " 
•  aamaa  ara  anbacribad  to 
nant  af  nariMnf .  and  ac- 
It  tbajr  aaaawtai  U»a  aam* 
MMMat  atiaM  «*•"»"  "- 
I C.  dT.  wifc  •»  «l»a  baM  A. 
aMiMtl  by  ma  pHvlly  and 

.■ha,  tha  aald  C.T>..  wifa  o( 
Ua4  avail  laatrumant  ta  b« 
lMlara4  that  aha  ha4wtl- 
a  M  tha  purpoaaa  aB4  «on- 
ipraaaad.  aod  that  aha  did 

ind  an*  aaal  of  a«aa.  tbto 


"^ilL-Sattr.T.-.. 


r  •  witaMM. 

,rftk*mmmfml  tkaimtitrtf 
MraMMlly  appaara«  A.  ■. 
wMTtTaaa  «» Jba  aath  at 
I  wbaaa  m«m  to  aabu.-^ruad 

ka<  wa  ■■•■»•«  w  panaMjalM) 
■at  af  wfhtaf  ajtoaw 


Ibia 


I  aar  •wte.kNianit 


SSSv  aS?M>«  ««»a«Ma  are 
aN«  awf  aasvay  aiqr  <>•  »*rwn 
QaMMklStaWtM- 


ACKNOWLEW.MENT. 


41 


MUM,  or  laMr«B'^  ikronln  by  coavayaMo.  •■•otlad  aad 
wliimwiadflad  aiut  varliAad  In  iha  uma  uunnar  a*  a 
//M#  W«,  or  oiair  (Ninon  Whan«*«r  all  tha  Mib- 
writing  wlina««««  arn  daad.  out  M  iha  {iiritdklloa,  or 
caniiol  b«  had.  (ha  «t(tMtura  <i^  lh«  gt.*nlttr  or  tub**  rt^ 
iff|  wiin«a«aa  t\iay  l>«  ^riiw«il  liy  proving  hamlwritlng.t 
VBRNWMT. 

AahiMwIadiCinanI  may  !m  laatlo  "  balbra  a  Juaiica, 
lu«n  clarh,  notary  puMk,  nwxiar  la  '  hancary,  county 
Lkfh.JudgaorragiatardfpriilfaKr  "  R<v   l^wt,  wa  |  ifay. 

AahiMwIadsmaala  ar  prt^fa  wlihout  tha  alala 
tea  valid,  "II  earlltid  aflr*«j>>ly  lo  tha  la »t  of  tha 
Stiia,  provlaca  <Mr  klnadiMn  In  which  luch  achaowladg- 
laani  or  |traaf  la  lakaV'  •  a  •  m*y  ba  atknawMgad  or 
pciiof  UMa  "  bafera  a  Jualloa  of  tha  paaca,  maflalraia,  or 
iMHary  pubile  wllhin  lha  Uallad  Sutra,  or  In  a  (Drciga 
couniry,  ai  bafora  a  aommiaalonar  apjiulntad  for  that 
yarpoaa  by  lha  govanior  of  thia  Stata,  >>r  ba<ur«  a  minis- 
lar,  tkmrgt  ^'if/b/rvt,  conaul  or  yli»-<:ofHiul  of  tha 
Unliad  SlaMa,  In  a  feialgn  country."  Hav.  Law*,  taa 
1 194*.  Tba  aaparata  acknowladciaael  or  privala  taaail- 
•atlon  of  tha  wifi  la  not  raquiraa.' 

Arkii«iir|««l«MM>Nt— HMaki»N4l  •ml  W%9r. 

•tata  of ,  county  of ,  la. 

At ,  thIa day  of ,  A.  D.   ,  par- 

•enally  appaarad  A.  ■,  and  W.  B,  hia  wifis,  lha 
•If  nara  aaa  aaalara  of  tha  abova  writlan  Iniitr  ii- 
manl,  aaA  acbnowMgad  tha  aama  to  ba  ihalr 
frta  a«t  ard  daad. 

Bafera  ma,  (Signmlurt  »n4  till*  ^^ffUtr. ) 

Pawf  bjr  ■■ka«rlkla(r  WltNiMM. 

In  eanain  caaaa  aihara  daad  it  not  acknowladml, 
proof  of  aaacutlon  may  ba  madn  hy  iha  •ubacrlGing 
witnaaaaa  bafnra  any  Judga  of  tha  miprcma  or  cuiinty 
>  nurt  In  ihla  ftlata :  aira  If  tha  wllnaann  are  daad  or  o<it 
>f  tha  State,  tha  deed  may  ba  proved  bafure  luch  court 
IV  pfovlng  tha  handwriilni  of  the  frantor.  and  of  any 
•iihiicrlbing  witnaaa,  or  addwting  other  avloanca  to  lha 
ijilifiictlon  of  lha  conn.  If  a  grantor  relbaaa  lo  *c- 
linowladge  hIa  daad.aav  pcraon  claiming  untlarhlai  may 
ciie  him  bafera  a  Juilica  of  tha  paaca  to  haor  lha  laall- 
mony  of  lha  aubecrlbing  wlinaaaaa,  and  If  iha  daad  la 
proved  lo  tha  aallalhclion  of  tha  Jueiica  by  ona  or  anna 
of  lha  aubacrlMng  wlinaaaaa,  he  thalt  ao  canliy,  which 
(hall  ba  aguivalmt  to  a  dua  acknowladtpMiM  oy  tha 
frantor.  Thaaa  pmcaadinfi  mutt  ba  hadTn  ikia  Stata.' 
▼■Mil  If  I  A. 

Tha  eoun  or  chtrh  of  aay  oauaty  or  aorporatiOB 
In  which  raai  aalala  Ilea,  or  paraooaky  morally  OMy  b« 
at  tha  liaM  batogp  ■mU  aaail  any  diad  or  coniracl 
ratpactlag  ll  la  racord  aa  lo  any  penon  whoaa  namt  la 
rigiiad  ihafBto,  upon  a  oartlAcataofhia  ackaowladgmanl 
6cfora  a  JtMiea.  a  coauaMonar  In  chancery,  or  notary 
public  withia  laa  Vattad  Slataa,  wriltan  on  or  annMad 
lo  ll,  10  lha  following  aibei  :■ 

Arti»«wla<awt   fkmmnwwA  Hmrm, 

•lata  af .  eoiMtv  •' .  aa. 

I.J.  P.,  •  Jnalica  of  tho  vaaaa  («r  notary  public, 
T  cowllaalnnar  la  chancary  of  tha — court  of)  of  tha 
county  («r  cotvonthM)  afcraaaM,  in  tha  Btata  («r 
Terrlisry,  ar  Diitrkt)  Of—,  4o  eartl^  that  A.  B. 
(or  A.  B.  and  W.  B.,  ate.)  whoaa  nana  {er  names)  la 
i<"-  are)  aignad  to  tho  writlac  abovo  («r  hereto  an- 
nexed), hoiftac  teto  on  tha day  of ,  A.  D. 

— ,  bM  {.mr  have)  •ebaewladgad  tho  aama  bafora 
ma  ia  oqr  comity  («r  corporation)  aferoaaid. 

Otvoa  (mdor  my  band  th>a  —  day  of  — , 

A.  D. {.Vpmtmrt  tmdlHIt  ^ajlc*r.) 

Or  upoa  a  oiftttcaia'oracknawlcdgaMnt  of  tuch  par- 
ton,  bMoto  any  caauniaaloaar  apptMoted  by  tha  gov- 
ernor, wilkia  tba  Unhad  Slaiaa,  ao  wtillan  or  annexed, 
to  lha  feUowtag  aftct : 
Bt(Mof  «— ,  ooBBtv  of ,  aa. 


eorporatlon  court  In  thia  Kuta,  or  hit  daputv.  n>  .1  Iho 
elerk  of  any  court  out  of  Ihia  Stale  and  within  IhO 
United  Slataa,  that  the  %*u\  vtiiing  vat  •i.knuwia.lgad 
by  luch  pan.«i,  or  provad  ti  in  him  hy  two  wiipauea 
before  tiich  clerk,  ,  or  bafora  the  cnuri  of  which  ha  I* 
clerk  :  or  upon  a  cartlrtcaia  under  lha  nflli  ul  Mal  of  anv 
minlaiar  pienipoirniiary.  tkArgi  >f'%fffK**i,  cunauf- 
ganaral,  tonaiil,  vica  cunaiil,  or  Lomniaii  ul  agrnl.  ap- 
pointaij  liy  lha  govarnmeni  of  lha  lliiiird  Slataa  |.i  any 
lor.'igii  couniry,  or  of  lha  proper  oflli:cr  of  any  court  of 
tuch  <  uuntry,  or  of  the  mayor  or  oihar  rhitf  maaltlrata 
of  any  city,  town,  or  cnrporaiion  iharein.  thai  lha  lald 
writing  waa  a<  knowlcHg'd  hy  inch  |>ahon.  nr  provi'd  aa 
to  him  by  two  wlinaaaaa.  hafore  any  penon  having  auch 
appolnimrni,  or  bafora  tuch  court,  auyor,  or  chlaf 
magittrata.f 

Adiaatoal**  t*  ro««rdl  *t  wvltlHB  Vrtm 
kwik«Mi4  «n4  w\tm\  oflkot  mm  riffht  •# 
«rl«a. 

Whan  a  hutlund  and  hit  wifSi  have  tignad  a 
writing,  purporting  or  coniraiting  lo  convry  any  etiala, 
real  or  paraonul,  ir  any  writing  uiiihorixlng  another  10 
convey,  or  coni-icl  to  lonvay,  any  tuch  eilala,  tuch 
wrllina  may  h<!  ailmliieil  to  record  at  in  each  of  them, 
acconllng  to  ilir  provitiont  ahov.-,  and  whan  ll  thall  have 
bean  to  admli  -<1  to  reconi  at  lo  lha  hiiahand  at  well  aa 
the  wlb,  or  II  i  be  a  writing  eieciiud  under  a  power  of 
attorney,  wh  u  auch  writing,  at  wril  aa  aiii  h  power  of 
atlornay,  ah  ll  have  hecn  ao  ailmiitad  lo  record,  il  ahall 
operate  to  '  nvey  from  lha  wife  her  right  of  dower  in 
the  laal  eal  .■■••  emtiriced  therein,  ami  paat  from  her  and 
her  laprearnuiivea  all  right,  liile.  ana  Iniereti  of  every 
nature  which,  ill  1^  Jate  of  aticli  writing,  the  mvy  h.iva 
inaay  eaialc  conveyed  or  emhraceil  therein,  at  elfetiu- 
aUy  at  If  >he  ware,  al  iha  dale,  an  unmarried  wonuin. 
Such  writing  thall  not  operate  any  further  upon  tha 
wife  or  her  repretaniaiivat  by  meant  of  any  covenant 
or  warranty  cunlalncd  therein  which  It  not  made  arlth 
rafcrani'e  lo  bar  lapafata  aaiata  at  a  teurca  of  credit,  or 
which.  If  it  ralala  to  har  »aid  right  of  dower  or  to  any 
aalala  or  iniarasi  convoyed  other  than  her  own,  la  not 
made  with  refciMica  lo  har  eeparala  aetata  aa  a  aouioa 
af  eradli. 


CMiT«r*ai««  ky  NUMrrlotf  w*m»m  mt 
k«v  ooyibrat*  ••tol*  I  k««p  algaio4 1  whoa 
i»a4  Tvkorei  •tfailtlMI  !•  rooo><. 

Kothing  contained  in  lha  preceding  laclian  ehall  ba  ao 
conttruaoaa  lo  impair  or  anci  any  right  or  power  a  awr- 
riad  woman  haa,  by  her  sole  act,  to  ccntray  or  Imnalbr  any 
tatalaraal  or  personal  which  la  har  aaparata  wialaj  B.-.d 
any  wrilliw,  which  la  lo  be  or  may  be  recorded,  signad 
by  a  nurriad  aroaun,  though  not  signed  by  her  hiia- 
band,  convoying  or  traiuferring  any  aalala,  real  cr  per- 
sonal, whicn  is  Tjiir  taparau  aatala  as  aforesaid,  may  ba 
admiuad  to  rseord  at  to  her,  in  ibe  aama  auutnar  ■•  If 
she  arara  unauurriad. 

Or,  if  lha  wMb  ba  wlthouctha  Unitad  Btataa,  aba 
may  appear  befbra  any  miniticr  plenipoianiiaiy,  tkergt 
f^ffmirtt,  coosul-ganaral,  consul,  vica-consui,  or  com- 
merchd  agaat,  appointed  by  the  govaniscni  of  iha 


United  Stalaa  lo  any  fisralm  country,  or  before  any 
court  of  such  eounlry,  or  the  mayor  or  other  chief 


I,  C.  >.,  •  commlaaioiior  araotatoo  by  tho  gov- 
aor  of  tho  atMo  of  VfanriiBa  for  tho  aald  Rata 
•■  Tarriioty.  «r  Diairtet)  Of .  cartify  that  A.  B. 

(or  A.  B,  and  w.  B.),  whoao  Baa<  >  (*p  naaica\  la  (or 
nre)  itmad  10  tko  WfitlBC  abOM  <*r  hereto  an- 

nexad),  Mactas  into  on  tho  —  iaa  of .A.  D. 

— ,  baa  <«r  ha*a)  aahnowladcad  tha  aama  bafora 
ma  in  mySl«ta(«rTanl<qry^«r  District)  aforaoaM. 

Qhraa  nndor  my  hand  thIa diqr  of  , 

A.  D. .  (Sigmatmrt  ttmdtHU  )^0jflctr.) 

Or  upon  a  oaitiicMa  of  the  clerk  of  any  county  or 
MaaOanand  Slatulaa.  ff-Sae  Coda,  ch.  iii.  fc-Coda, 
ch.  iti,  {  aso). 


magistiala  of  any  city,  town,  or  corporation  iharoln, 
who  shall  aaamlna  har,  and  make  such  eaplanalion  aa 
Is  abova  raqniiad  whaia  lha  wH*  la  in  Ike  United  Slataa, 
and  if  than  sha  maka  such  acknowlcdgnent  as  la  ao  ra- 
quirad,  tha  paraon  baring  such  appolnlmcni,  or  such 
mayor  or  chief  magistrata,  or  the  proper  oAcer  of  tuch 
cooft,  shall  give  a  certlflcaM,  under  hit  oAcial  teal,  of 
lha  said  anamination,  axplniuition,  and  deciaralion,  to 
lha  eflbct  raqulrad  where  tha  wife  is  withia  tha  Unitad 
Statn,  and  upoo  or  annexed  (o  such  writing  in  lika 
■aanar.h 

WASHIMCITOIV. 

A  married  nroman  shall  not  be  bound  by  any  daad 
aflteling  her  real  estate  or  rdeasing  dower,  unMsa  sha 
is  joined  in  the  conveyanea  by  her  husband,  and  shall, 
upon  examination  by  the  olBcar  caking  the  ackilowlcdf- 
mant,  saparate  and  apart  from  bar  husband,  aeknewia 


ACKNOWI.EDCMKlfT. 


•rfji  ikM  thm  (aMMtMi  iIm  4m4  af  kw  »«•  (ta*  wtll, 
•nH  viikonl  HMr  nl  »'  euanion  fey  h«f  KiMlMiMi.  Th* 
oAcar  mini  «riiry  ihal  Im  Im«  Nail*  knuM  10  hw  ik« 


mon^ftiif  iMir  ta 


AcknowMfniOTila  al  daarf*  aiHl 
lak«fi   by  •  )u4«  of  ilu  miim«mm  amn,  )udg(    of  IM 
MMrior  OMfl,  JhmIm  al   dM  pwc«,    OMniy  Mtrfllor. 
•r  hi*  ihipMiy ,  •  dwk  of  ih*  MtMrtar  w  M|»t«M  caun. 
•r  hli  4ayMy,  w  f  mtmtf  »mMIbJ 
AfllM«lMM«M«l-MMateMl  Mi«  Wlf^. 

fuiM  •!  — .  •Mill/  •r  — -.  w. 

On  Ikta  — --4«y  of .  A.  D. ,  kator*  mt 

(•MM  «»/  /«fr  V'  tfiff),  pcrMnally  apyaartd 
A.  B.  aa4  W.  ■.,  hta  wllW,  paraaaally  kaawn  l« 
ma  la  IM  Iha  MantMal  yaraaaa  4aa«rika4  la,  and 
wha  aaaaata^  Ika  faragainf  tanvayaaaa,  aa4  t 
liavina:  trat  maala  hnawn  M  Ikam  Uia  aantanu 
tharaaf,  tkajr  414  tharaafwa  aavaralW  atknawl 
a4ka  kafara  ma  Ika;  thay  aji«i«ula4  iha  aama  ai 
IhAr  valaalary  a<t  an4  4aa4,  Ih  ika  iiaaa  an4 
autaaaaa  Ikaratn  a«|praaaa4.  _ 

Aii4  Ika  ■at4  W.  B.,  wife  af  Ika  aal4  A.  ■.. 
kalac  ky  ma  privataiy  aaamlna4.  aafaraia  and 
a^rt  fram  kar  taM  koakaiUI.  414  Rirlhar  ac 
kn}wla4fa  ihai  alM  aaa«<i«a4  ika  aama  veliin- 
•arlly,  afkar  awa  fraa  will,  aa4  wlUiaut  Ik*  faar 
af  or  aaarclaa  fram  kar  kittkaiMl. 

In  taallmaiiy  wkartaf,  I  kava  karaania  aal  my 
ka«4  an4  aMiaa4  my  alRclal  aaal  Ika  4ay  and 
yaar  Mral  akwva  ma«Uana4. 

|5Im/.]  iStgmlmr*  miHmilr  ^ iSff) 

WMTV  ▼lacilIIIA. 

Daa4i  In  ikb  Cmh  atuM  M  (aacuiaii  ne.i'v  mbI,  mmi 
k*  achaowMgwi,  aalmt  p*a*wd  ky  iwo  wImmm*.  * 

Any4M4.  mortaafi,(w«ilafiniM,  power  of  altanMy, 
m  coMiaci  in  writiaa  mada  in  mptci  to  laal  «Ma<«  or 
fondt  and  ckatMh,  Inckidlng  l*aM<  tor  mora  ikan  Ava 
foan,  aha!  ka  ■dmliMri  lo  racord  ■«  lo  any  ptnon 


la  tlmad  iharato,  upon  a  cartlMcaia 
acfcnowladgwani  aafeta  a  Jmtka,  notary  pabllc,  ft- 
con*ar.  arolkeaalary,  clarh  of  any  court  wUkIn  tha 
Unliad  Staiaa,  or  comailationar  appolniad  wUhIn  ika 
mma  ky  iIm  govamor  of  ikhi  Staia,  wrttian  on  or  an- 
naaad  lo  Ika  laHM]  or  provad  by  iwo  wUn*«*««  aa  to 
him  bafera  ika  prMWr  clork  of  tka  coanly  court  or  bo- 
fon  Ika  propar  ajjciar  In  fcraign  cauatrlt*.  * 

If  ameutad  oal  of  tka  Unliad  Siaia*.  ika  caitUkaia 
anM  ba  nndar  ika  oMclal  «aal  of  a  aiinkMor  pknlpatan- 
t{»rf,  tkarfi  tf^fkirtt,  conaul4anar»l,  comul,  rka- 
cohmI,  or  coaimarcial  agam,  appMMad  by  ika  garam- 
mant  of  tka  Unttad  Siaia*  to  any  (btaign  couMry,  or  of 
Iha  propar  omear  of  any  coma  or  «Kk  county,  ar  of  tka 
aiayar  or  otkar  cklaf  aiaglalraia  ct  any  city,  wwa  ar 
oorporaiKNi  tkafain* 

na  nna  m  praacnaaa  ky  law  nr  provng  tka  aaat 


Ihm  af  a  convoy Bnen.^atc.,  by  arltnam. 

Tkaiaiotoll<mi|i«fenmfcr«rtHtc«ta»ofa«knowkKlg- 
aMM  ara  prawrlkao  by  tha  >atatala.*  Tka  oAcar  l»  noi 
iharaby  laqaifnd  la  oanMy  ikai  tka  gninuir*  ara  parton- 
ally  known  to  kini.  Tka  quantlon  of  idaniily  at  lo  tka 
graniofa  wfco  appaar  bam«  Mm  la  M  ta  tka  oAoarcar- 
ufVing  tkaadmowkdgawai^Tka  wikmnut  hi  all  aaim 
ackaowladga  tka  daad  knbra  tka  ogKor  In  paiion. 
Daada,  ate. ,  can  only  ba >ryaM^  Jjy  MAorMM,  bafefO  tka 
propar  racording,  oftcar  of  tka  county  wkaia  tbay  ara 
adminad  to  racord ;  or  wkaa  aaaeatad  oM  or  tka  UMad 
Riaim,  bafera  a  mloiaiar  plawlpetamlary .  or  oikat  oMaar 
abova  nMMlonad,  having  aMkorlly  to  Mlia  BckaowMf- 
maala  in  foralgn  countrica.w 

•r 


Mau  (ar  TatrtMry  »r  DIairki)  af- —  («r  I,  J.  FT* 
luallga  of  iIm  aamNy  albiaaald.  aad  OtelriM  U-J^i 
a*-,  I.ate..i**<  tt»trykUtJM^pimtim\i»MnUt 
tlMt  A.  %,  wiMM  MMia  (ar  aamm)  k  (ar  arn 
aig»a4  M  Am  wfMag  abova  (ar  haiato  aanaaad) 

knaring  4^  «■  th*  — •  4ar«r A.  O. 

baa  (#r  kava)  MtCa  Mr  ■ebaawiadgad  tha  aama 

balkra  ma,  la  aiy  nald . 

(Hvaa  aadar  my  hand  tbta  — -  day  af  — , 
A.  O.  — — .    (&•/.]     iSiimttmrt  mint  Mu  ^  i^4r.\ 

l-Saa  Oanaral  ScaMlca,  ch.   — ,  I  s.    J-Saa  Qcoarki 
I,  ek.  -.  1 5.  k-Saa  Coda,  eh'  yt.  »J.  7«.  VsMft, 


Aalii»««l«dM|Nio«*~  MmalMiail  aii^  Wllk 
•lala  af  — ,  aaanty  of  — ,  m. 

I,  C.  R.,  a  notary  puklta  for  ika  aald  aaanty  *< 

,  4a  aariiry  ikal  A    ■.  and  W.  •.,  kla  wif«. 

wkaaa  namaa  ara  algna4  lo    '    •  akavn  wrltlnn, 

koaring  data  on  tha day  a(  tig  ,  kava  iMa 

4ay  aaknowladgad  tha  aama  batora  ma  la  my 
aal4  aaunly. 

Olvanandar  mykaa4  tkia  —  4ayaf  — — .  Ill  . 
( JfTM/arr  amd  )M*  lf^*r. ) 

A«llM«wl«4lgrM«lil-<'*r|M»MlllMi. 

■lata  af  Waal  Virginia, aounty,  la  arlt . 

1,  C.  II,,  a  aalary  of  ika  aald  aaualy  of  — ,  da 
aorll^  Ikal  A.  B.  paraanally  appaarad  katara  ma 
In  my  aai4  aaaniy,  an4  kalng  by  ma  4uly  aworn. 
414  4apaaa  and  aay  that  ha  la  tka  praaMaal  af  tha 
corporallan  4aoarlba4  In  Iha  writing  ahavj,  baar- 

Ing  4ala  tha day  af  — ,  il— ,  autharlaad  by 

aald  carparatlan  la  aaaauta  and  achn«wlad|* 
4aada  atid  otkar  wrillnga  of  aald  aoryarallon, 
aad  that  tha  aoal  anaa4  la  aal4  wrttlag  la  tha 
aaal  of  Iha  aal4  corporallrn,  an4  that  aaM  *rlt- 
Ing  waa  atsnad  and  aaalad  by  htm  Is  kalu^f  af 
aaM  iorparatiaa  by  lla  aatkaHty  4aly  givan. 
Aa4  Ik*  aal4 aahnawla4ga4  tha  aaM  writ- 
ing lo  ha  tka  aet  an4  4aa4  af  aaM  aorporaUaa. 

Olvaaua4atmykaa4,thla — •4ayaf— ,  ll    . 

,  \0^pWwWWT»  ISMH  www.  f 

A«li«|awla<g»iwl— CarMBaiHa  wT  >i— f 

•r  »■■<■,  mtm^  hy  Iw*  Willi aaaaa. 

•uta  of  Waal  VJrgiaia,  caaaiy  af ,  aa. 

In  tlta  alork'a  afllaa  af  tha  aaaaty  court  of  — 
county  (ar  conMihl*  af  ika  Unitad  Suia*  of  AatarU*. 

at ,  aic.),  1,  C.  C,,  clarh  af  tha  <atuil)r  aaiirt  of 

',  I,  C.  L..  cooMil  of  ika  Unitad  Sii 


county  (•r, 

of  Amartca,  al 


lain 

— ,  (ic),  4a  batafey  aartiiy,  that  tka 

ftoragoinf  daad.  lMarliw|  data  aa  tha  -' —  4ay  af 

,  A.  B. ,  waa  thw  Myaravad  bafbaa  ma  aa 

ta  A.  B. .  tka  ffaatar  I  w  oaa  ofika  grantor*)  Iharoln, 
hjr  W.  T.  aol  M.  t..  two  witnaaaaa  tbarata,  wka 
4a«lara4  upaa  oath  bafera  ma  ikat  It  waa  kla  act 
aad  4aa4,  aa4  that  ihaf  baa  aaaa  him  asaaata  It. 

Olvaa  uadar  my  haaa,  etc. 

[5m/  J  (5^ir«/«rr  amf  tMb. ) 

WIBC9VBIH. 

Coavayaaea*,  ale.,  anaeuMd  wUMa  thia  Mala,  ol 
land*  or  aay  intanni  In  land*  tkaraia.  ommi  ba  aaaculad 
In  iba  pra*«nca  of  two  wki>a*«*i.  who  (kail  •«h*erii» 
tkair  aama  to  tka  aama  m  uick,  aiid  iho  panom  caacui- 
Ing  muat  acknmrladg*  tka  aaaaution  bafera  miy  ju^gt  •" 
court  oommia*ionar ,  clarli  Af  a  circuit  court ,  county  dtrk . 
notary  paMlc.or  JuMtoaof  tk*  paaca;  aad  tha  o#c«i 
taking  nHt  aomowMgiaant  mu*t  IndofM  a  eanWeaii! 
of  iho  adiaiowladginaat,  and  tha  inia  dala  of  maklag  it, 
uadar  hi*  hand.* 

Daad*  cnavaying  !an^,  or  any  Intarau  In  famd  (ItuMcd 
I,  if  ciacutad  In  '"^     ~         "" 


in  ifci*  Siaia,  tT  ciacutad  In  any  albar  Btaia,  Tcrri 
tory,  or  Dbirici  of  ikt  Uniiad  Statm,  may  ba  aaaculad 
actxrdlng  lo  tka  lawi  of  *uch  plaot,  and  tha  acknowl- 
adgmam  any  ba  bafera  any  Judga  tt  a  court  of  racord. 
aotary  pubMc,  Juatlsa  of  tka  paaM,  KWtar  In  ehancary . 
or  otkar  oikar  than  •Mkorliad  by  law  to  wika  ika  *c- 
knowJaHgatani  of  daad*  tkaiain,  or  bafera  a  coauni* 
aionor  apaoliMod  by  iha  govamor  af  thia  Siata  fer  auch 
yanma.  m4  IT  aaaawwd  vMhhi  iha  Juriidictian  of 
am  BilUlary  nasi  anadda  of  tha  Stata  tbaa  It  amy  b* 
acanowiadgad  aaCaa  wa  mmamnillng  oMear.  But  in 
at  auch  caaaa,  aaetgt  tha  achaawMgrnaat  ba  nud* 
bafcia  a  rnaimlwloaar  aapolmad  by  tka  nvamof ,  or  * 

attacMdiwiaa  daad  a  •aniicata  of  ika  duh,  or  tha 
ol  a  mlUlaiy  poat,  or  other  propar  canify 
tali^       ■      ■■    '^^        ■' 


km  oBaar  af  a  oouit  af  noaMb  af  iha  county  ar  di* 
Mot  withla  wbiih  auch  aduwwladgnant  «a* 
nndar  tha  aaal  rt  kk  oAca,  that  tha  paraon 


di.7S,is.4-  ■»4:oda.di  n.l*i>- 


ACKNOWLEDOMKNT-ACQUIFJICINCE— ACTt. 


r  mt  —  .M. 

iibHa  for  iHa  MiKl  tomily  •< 
i  m.  ar>A  W.  ■.,  hto  wir«, 
tf4  to  •  «>■»»  wrilln(, 
-4ar«i  'H  •  k>*«  •■>•• 

M  Mm*  b«(ofi  m«  m  mir 

4  thi«  —  4a|r  •#  •— •,  lit   , 

••■•  -  4^r|»*r«UMi. 

nia, founty,  ••  wU . 

Ih*  •»i4  cauaty  af  — ,  da 
laaaily  apyaara^  katora  mt 
4  balng  by  ma  4ttl|r  awarn. 
at  ha  la  tha  praaMaat  af  th« 

In  Um  writing  abovj,  baar- 
af  —— ,  it—,  aHlh«rt*a4  by 
aaaaula  an4  aeknvwUdft 
illnga  af  aal4  aaf^aratlan, 
■a4  te  aal4  wrttiac  la  tha 
»ratl<<n,  an4  that  asM  vril- 
aa«la4  by  blm  la  b«lu,4f  a( 

lu  aittlMrity   4illy  gWan. 
ika«wla4ga4  tka  a*U  writ- 
la«4  at  aaM  aarporaUaa 
tf.tkla 4«y«f— ,il   . 

(fJBMI    aill    !!■ *    i^h     V 

i-c*v«ia««t«  AT  I 

tar  •«•  ««•■« 

Ml,  aaunty  af  - 
•f  Um  conaty  court  of  - — 
Iba  UaiM4  Siaiaa  of  Aaiarlca, 
%ark  of  tka  aoviity  aaart  af 
...  coiMul  of  iHa  t/ntlad  Slain 
i.  4o  baraky  cartlfy,  Ikal  tha 
M  4ata  an  tha  —  4ay  of 
kii  4«y  provo4  kafora  «a  aa 
w  OMB  of  iha  iniiian)  tharatn, 
wo  wItBooaaa  tkarato.  wha 
iCaN  ma  that  it  woa  hia  act 
ay  bM  aaaa  him  asaavta  It. 
•4. ate. 

(Sifmttun  am4  MU.) 

•eaiad  wllkUi  thta  %Mm,  ol 
>ii4ii  iharata,  aMHi  Iw  aMCMad 
wkiMMat,  Wna  tliaH  (ttbacrib* 
a  luch,  aad  iha  panoa*  cxacui- 
a  aaaCMlloo  balbm  aay  iu«||*  <" 
I  Af  a  dmill  court,  couMy  Mrk . 
•f  tha  paaca ;  ukI  iha  aAcai 
MM  ffliMl  Indonc  a  cartMkaie 
and  tha  inia  data  uf  nMJllag  It, 

,  or  any  Intaiau  la  hmd  ittiml«< 
i  In  any  othar  tlaia,  Tarri 
Tiiiiad  SuMa,  may  ba  aaacwiad 
f  «ach  plaaa,  and  ika  ackiiowt- 
iny  Judga  ct  a  court  of  raconl. 
IM  paa«a.  awMar  in  ehancarv. 
korlaad  v/  law  to  lalia  ilia  a'c- 
ihaiain,  vt  baaara  a  coaiaii* 


lovamar  af  ihia  Staia  for  auch 
i4  vtlbia  tka  JurMictian  af 
Ida  af  tha  Stala  tbaa  It  amy  ba 
I  niMwaiilag  eUcar.  But  in 
Iha  ackaavMlpBaM  ba  auria 
iMoiaiad  by  ilw  covar 
r  oSca  aSaadt,  uuna 


fit  > 
_^  — .^).  Ouna  muat  be 
•artltcaia  of  ua  dark,  or  ih« 
y  paat,  a*  atkar  piapar  Mitlftr - 
I  laeaMB  af  tha  ootnty  or  dia- 
I  aaimoariadgiiiaBt  waa  tthaa, 
afica,  that  tha  panon  wlHiaa 


.ck  »>■■.»• 


»i(nMnt  waa,  ai  tha  data  Iharaaf,  MMh  a4U«i  m  ha  la 
ikaMia  rayaaanud  la  ba,  iNai  )h>  b«li««M  ika  •Igiiaiufa 
•f  •w.fc  panoa  lulMcrilMil  ib*r«lu  lu  b«  nauiiK,  and 
llMI  IDa  daail  !•  •aacHt*<l  xmI  a<  li«a«M(«<l  act  orillM 
hi  iba  laoa  af  auch  %*»f,  r>rfii»ry,  ■»  lli^iiit:i.  (f 
•■Mb  daad  ba  aaaciMad  In  any  foraign  tountry,  liaiay 
ba  aaaaatad  aaaardlna  •«  lu  U<n,  aiul  *,  kno»l«Haad 
k>fan  aay  aoMrr  bumic,  wiik  bM  a«*l  tn>mm*Jk,  ur  iMMt 
oA<a>  aittlUirlaaa  by  law  ih«r«  la  iak«  (Hch  •>  liaaarladg 
awnia,  o*  any  aaiaMHr  aaitaordlnaiy  or  nnidani  ik^rft 
4af»lr»t,  aaaaailaalaaar.  ar  aanaal  of  iba  U»IMd 
•lalaa,  affatatad  la  laaMa  WaMla,  and  cantAad  by  Mai  r 

A  marnad  wanaaa'a  canvayanaa,  obaihar  by  bar 
<<il<  ilaad  m  by  bai  >oli>iiia  arMh  bar  buabaad  lo  ewniray 
Wr  ntaia  or  raUaaa  bar  dnvar ,  aiuai  ba  aaaeutad  and 
<>  luMwIadaart  ■>■  If  aba  w«ra  tida  <lb«  May  bar  bar 
l"«f,  If  «i|htaan  yaan  »(*■•,  by  almplir  |<>lnlng  In  bar 
hiwhand'i  cmivayancaj  »ml  tha  may.  by  lallar  of 
•tiumay,  aaacinml  in  Ilka  mannar.  appoint  an  aimmay, 
nbii  may  ba  h«  huahand.  i»  tall  or  connav  bar  aalala, 
or  bar  Mr  dowar  In  Uml,  and  bfai  dand  *a  kir  allnmay 
ihall  ba  alhclual. 

iJaada  af  huida  ollbln  iha  Siaia  may  ba  aiaiiuiad  by 
(orsorallaaa  craaiad  andar  lb*  law*  of  ihc  Htaia,  and 
•ball  ba  ttenad  by  iha  praaldani,  or  oihtr  anlhorlia,! 
oAlcar  of  ina  corporation,  and  lanlad  atlih  iha  aaal  uf 
di«  cnrnorallon,  and  coiint*t>l|n«d  bv  iha  Mcraiary  or 
clarb  inaraaif  and  ih*  nartnn  (lanliit  XKb  ilaad  may 
acliBnwIadga  aaacMlun  ikaraef  bafcif*  any  uMcar  aiiihor- 
Imt  by  hint  to  lalM  ncbaowiaiton»t».'  tha  cnmmim 
lb*  oflcan  ligBing  ika  daad  lo  acknuwi. 


praiMlca  la  (ur 
edfa  iba 
ihii  iha 


edfa  ibaiama,  and  aMha  oath  liioi  lliay  arauich  aflkar*, 
ihii  iha  aaal  la  tha  aaal  of  iIm  cnraonulon,  ihal  ihny 
hava  algaad  and  acluMnrladgad  MKh  daad,  ami  aMiad 
ih*  Malay  Ofdar  of  tlia  bearil  of  ditacion,  iruaiaaa,  or 
other  maaaglng  board  af  iIm  corpuntlan.  Na«  York 
(irmi  ar*  fotHnaad,  ohlsh  *aa.> 
A«ka«wla4siBMii— ■■■b*M«  mm!  WIMh. 

•lata  af  —,  eoaiily  af ,  *•. 

ParaaMalljr  aMaa  kMora  ma  tkia  —  day  af — 
iff  _,  tha  akava  (ar  wtthlj)  aamad  A.  B.  aad 
",."'•■  aflaor,  adding  nama  af 
oAaa)  ta  mm  haaara   ta    b*   tha  paraona  wha 


wlkhta! 


riraona  t 
laatrami 


aat. 


ilf   .  tha  ahava  (ar 

V/.B..  btowlfc(ar,  If 

oAaa)  to  MM  haawa   .. 

aaaaatad  tha  Ibrtwolag  (or  wit 

aad  aakaawladgaCtka  aano. 
[Am/.]  (Jjraatei'i  tmdtttk  ^  ^gttM.) 

No  aapaml*  aaaailnallaa  of  wilb  la  aacaaury 
Tbaaoury  or  Jnalieaamy  ackaowMg*  In  iha  far 

pwitrlkad  by  iha  lav  of  ika  8«ala  whara  iba  acfcatnrl- 

riigjaaal  ia  lakaa,  and  adia  eartideM*  af  (faib  of  cmnt, 
no  aMMIory  pioiiatoa  far  proof  ky  aubacrihing  wllaaaa 

oMofihhillal*,    IlbaurfakyaprocaadlMlacaaitaa 
I  riAiaiag  gramar,  If  la  b*  fa  aad,  Me.r 


If  an*  d**d  or  awiitgaga 


hoB  ka 


ia  aay 


thai 


nvoaadari , 

lMla,T*tfltary,or  DtMriatofikaUMMdBiaMa, 
■oBMy  ka  laacmai  aeaardtagloihaiawaof  lock 


Stala,  TarrHary.  ar  DiaiHcl,  ky  aay  adtaar  aotliorimd 
W  ika  lawi  of  MMh  Stala,  Tatritary,  ar  Diairici  to  tab* 


lofdtaAar 

r  appaiatad  ky  ik*  geaaiaai  af 
laa.  Ia  tha  caaai  trhata  dtada 
jtad  aad  acknowladgad  oiMaida 
of  dlia  ItMa;  aad  dM  o«a*r  kafcacwkoai  tkaachaetrl. 
adgiMnti*  takaahaaaaiaal,  mwfcdoad  ar  iiirniai 
ibal  hav*  atlacbad  iharala  a  oaititcai*  of  tka  dark  ar 
otbar  proper  o*rttfW«g  afkar  af  a  court  af  naord  of 
iboaaaatyordiaiiiMwIikIa  a^kh  tack  ackaaolailr 
■Mai«aalBhaa.aadi»tha  aaal  af  kk  adlaa,ikal  ik* 
poioawiMaaaaaaliiahacrlM  lo  Iha  rmtiSmii  af 


Ih*  daad  or  mongtmt  H  asacaiad  aoeordtag  w 
af  Mi^  Slata,  Torrttorv.  or  OI*triat.r  Bvotr 
iikUB,J  P.  aadcam.  af  d*«l*  ahaB  add  to  ki 
a  dM  data  wkaa  kli  coaiaiiiafaa  ar  Mim  «( 


iboiawa 
notary  pubtto, 
cartifcala  dM 
oAcaaapifM. 

Whan  apy  marrlad  woman  nM  laaMtac  la  tkIa 
Stata  akad  Jala  har  haabaad  ia  aay  eaaaoynaca  «f 
y-Sa*  OaaanI  Siatutm.    ••Lawi,  ilsp.  «k.  )y. 
i3»ii  t  IMat  CoBMB.  4|t    "' 
Ag.  J 


raal  aMaia  •iiuatad   ollbln  ibK 
•ball  bar*  iha  aama  t9mt\  aa  If  a 
ackmt'aWda'noni  **t  a«>«if  af  iba 


s 


Bouy.  laM, 

/"»•  LSIi  Uv»;fi«.  Ag.  41 !   PaUy 

41  i  4  Jirai.  C  C.  MO.  4  Maaa.  C.C.m:  s 

««!  <Mm^im:  jPleVtgSi  •J^Am.Cao.iio:  a  k 

4^4:  itJidiM,  ]bq:  3  Cow.  tlh.    ^sse  t  Roecr  Leg. 

43»i  I  Vm.  Cb.  usi  a  id.  lyi :  la  Id.  i]ti  J  pTWw. 


•a*  CmrTBMTai  CaiimMb  Idiv. 


Mt»,  ami  ibl' 

rWdgntam  t»  ^■•mI  af  iba  aa aanllon  mf  uwb  MKn 

•*>«nca  by  bar  mahaa  bar  ilM  mom  *•  If  aha  oart  iMk* 

At-lltlJMM'BNrB.    bMArroi  AaamVi  Cm- 

lamra     KiacTltm. 

AdiuiBMRNrK  ta  a  q«l«4  canaani  wr  ailaiM 
•ulimtaaiiin  with  a|ifair«Al  ronttM  i  It  l<  <(l* 
tinguiahril  frnm  avowoil  or  aipraaa  runaonl  nn 
Iha  ona  hanil,  and  npnoaiikM  or  opan  i<t*««Mi 
lent  o«i  Ika  cdhar.  Ii  te  a  tiloni  a(ifM«i«M«  id 
cimaanl.     A  fallura  lo  maha  any  <>>i)awimn. 

Aci|ul«»«-ant:*  In  Iha  avia  of  an  bUVhlt  m  «M 
who  haa  aaaumtil  that  characttr,  will  ha  a«|aiy«> 
l«ni  to  an  caiiroaa  aathuritjr  fur  ihnaa  a<^.*  <il 
la  a  ratification,  anil  Ilka  II  rtliavo*  lb*  |iot«ii« 
whit  haa  acltti,  of  all  roaponatbiltty,  M  H  bi 
now  mad*  tha  act  of  him  who  ha*  at^nlaarotl 
in  it.  Whara  a  porai>n  ia  honntf  lo  cbawa  ho- 
iwcan  a  paramount  H||hi  and  a  laalainanlaty 
dltpoaition,  hia  acquifmcnca  in  •  otbl*  of  Ihii^p 
which  indlcalaa  a  choke,  wb«n  Ka  waa  awatv 
of  hi*  right*,  will,  In  ih*  abaanca  of  pnmf  lo 
Iha  contrary,  lia  cviilanca  of  aurb  cbttica,^ 

Act*  of  acqulaactnc*  which  will  ctMMlitDl* 
an  Implicil  choice  or  election  ar*  to  ba  dtt>«<«h< 
by  the  circumaianca*  of  aacb  ctwt,  rallMf  tbdw 
by  ar,y  gtnaral  principla  or  Mai.* 

AwMifaiMlew.    S**  DtMtMitiOiPTi 
WTK. ;  rvm 

Z«««lliMM».    S*a  Coimi*cy«i 

ACnS.     S**  Acciamrr;    Aaanrri    A«ffMmt*i 

CaiMiMk  Law:  tviBBHca.  taawmtan i  t«*ttr*« 

An  act  it  MMMihiitg  lioMt,  mkI  kt  wbkd 
the  patBon  d(»ing  is  rta|MNiaibl«.  iidWlfc<ng 
done  by  an  indivTdiMl  M  •  pHytUt  Mi«M  or  aa 
an  ofKcar.  Somalhing  tfcmt  by  a  My  «f  Mr- 
■ona,  M,  an  aaatidaiion,  a  corpowHdH,  ltfMli> 
tvrt,  council,  or  a  cotiit.  II  iit««M««  Md 
marely  physical  acts,  but  alao  tinma,  wtlms, 
judgments,  awards,  adicts,  law*,  NtoitttMMS« 
and  deitnainaiions.  > 

Acta  indicate  Iha  ialanttim  i*  Ibt  atl  dusa  mk 
malia  a  parson  lailty  ublass  iba  IbMNMitm  Ht 
guitiy  abo.  This,  kowavar,  apptiaa  auhr  iti 
criminal  cases,  in  civil  MaMata  H  m  allwwMX.* 

Acta  Of  Ood  wrong  mo  immi,  hi  atbat  wartiSj 
no  one  ii  raiHpoiisibIa  Iw  InavilaMa  MtidaMs/ 
See  Acaorirr. 

Agaots.  Tha'  act  of  ilia  aQaiM  wIlMii  «Imi 
scope  of  his  aulbority  is  ilia  a«l  af  Kit  pHMi> 
pal  i  but  berond  sack  awhofity  Ilw  agaM  alana 
is  responaibia,  unless  Iba  ad  ba  ralMM  kfr  mmIi 
principal.    Sea  AoKNCY. 

Aeticipattoa.  The  doing  or  laltkig  of  a 
thing  betora  its  proper  tiasa  will  am  vMtM 
tha  act  or  diacbaiga  tba  obligatioa  if  M  hM 
or  damage  occur,  and  tha  ad  na  in  aaad  Mill, 

AatlMflQr.  To  act  for  aMtthar.lbar*  ih«m 
he  a  lawful  dalagatkNi  of  poirari  Itt  a<iH  fir 
one's  self,  oiie  must  ba  ttadat  mo  legal  dlaa> 
bility.    This  auibor^  may  ba  covpiad  wilb  aa 

eh.  11$.    o-i  Swamt, 
dMiceltad.    dMCo. 


tuv 


rami.  ck.  afs,  a.  sad  ■Manran.MiM 
ICo.  *»ij  BmamMaa.  HOi  mJswm 


*>r»  a. ft riji ;  jAfr'v.  im!%,m^%if* 

Intt.  n.  3SSI.    f-«^.  CesHa.  tat:  C». fffj  t  H  cf 
Co.  Litt.  •*•«;  4  Taaat.  ytfi  i  T,  H.  )|> 


Acn. 


or  noi  I  U  mmy  ba  nfMM  m  im^imU 
niMral  »r  ifMetel,  tlMtlwl  «r  uhIImIImI.  Hm 
Aoam  V. 

■«ffuii.    An  act  •Irwwiy  ^^"t  whoM  oum 
{iImUm    cliiptnih  upjo  «h«  win  of  IM  partlM, 
may  b«  racalMj  Imi  if  It  <l«|»«niJ»  upon  ih« 
c<HM*r<t  ol  •  Ihird  i*n«in,  or  on  •  t..niliig«n«y, 
it  cannm  \m  racalMrf* 

Clul4rMl.  An  nfnni  la  proUctad  againal 
hla  contract*,  btit  nui  tifalnat  hU  Arau^  «» 
iMbar  lofta  »  With  ratarrtto  iha  raapunaibiliiy 
>f  IttfanU  for  crma*.  Iha  rula  I*  that  no  Infant 
within  Iha  aga  (rf  aavan  »aart  tan  ba  gwllty  of 
felony  or  ba  |tiinl*had  ftir  Any  capiul  or  l«w 
offanca.  for  within  that  aga  an  Infant  I*,  tiv  pr«- 
lamplkm  of  hw,  d»Jt  imntfrnM  (lM«|MUa  of 
mtachiaf  or  vrlma),  and  cannot  ba  andowcd 
with  any  dkcraiion  i  and  agatnit  thia  prcatimp 
lion  no  avermant  can  b«  fa<ei»ad.  1  bI»  JMal 
Incapacity,  howavat,  caaaaa  whan  tha  Infcni 
aitaina  I K«  aga  of  fovrlaan  yaan,  aftar  which 
period  h»  act  bacoroaa  (ublact  to  tha  taHM  mla 
t»f  coMtnictMMt  aa  that  of  any  oihar  panoki. 
Batwaaw  tha  agaa  of  ««vtn  and  fouriam  yawrs 
an  infant  la  daamad  frimn$  frntit  (wiikotit 
twoaf  to  tha ooMtntfy)  to \mMimtfM!  b«it 
In  thia  CKM  tha  maaim  "  malic*  MMillaa  Iha 
wairt  of  matiinMrmra  "  appll«a.>   8m  iNVAirt*. 

Coarcloa.  Diract  or  poaiiiva  oaarekm  lakaa 
placa  whan  a  iman  ta  by  phyaleU  fcrea  cow- 
pallad  to  do  an  Mt  contrary  to  Ma  will.  Im- 
pllad  eoarcio*  aiiala  wh«r«  «  panm  la  l«iaity 
undar  aa^ection  lo  anoOt^r,  and  la  induced 
In  cont«<|>i«n(a  </  awck  ntbjactlon  t«)  do  m  iwt 
contrary  li    hla  will. 

Aa  will  I*  mcaaaa-y  lo  tha  commtaakn  of  a 
criiM,  or  th«  aakiiig  of  a  t^uniracl,  a  paraon 
oowoad  bite  aillMr  haa  no  will  o*  tho  a«h)«ct, 
and  ii  not  nuMMdble.l  \1m  eoaaoMnd  of  a 
MnpaHor  to  an  fnftrior.*  «  a  pwrmt  lo  a  child.* 
of  a  matiar  to  til*  acrvar  ,  or  «  priadpftl  to  hU 
ageni,"  may  amount  lo  lardoa.  So  of  ik  Mtui 
who  fall*  lolo  (Imi  handa  of  iIm  aaaailaa  of  kU 
oowMft  ani  ti>«ir  oompol  (•>«•  Utroogii  fow  of 
da«Ai  to  MK  againal  ii.    8m  CmiMlNAL  LAW. 

CMBptumon  ia  ferdbk  ladntwal  lo  Um 
cumiImIow  of  Ml  tot. 

AMI  4m«  Nadw  coMiMlakNi  u«  Mt,  in  |oa- 
wl,  hto^MWI— aportyt  bMwknaawi* 
onmitwiiiil  nr  '-  "Nl  nitS-rHr  ir  ■*-  ''—  -"-'- 
Im  owAi  la  dri  tlMt  oowpolsMM  dooa  not  affect 
Um  fimMv  of  ho  Mil  M,  for  tauipb,  wIm* 
a  OMMt  <M  cuiapotont  jMadicllao  coaipai*  a 
putjr  to  <>^eciiia  a  dood,  indor  tht  poin  of 
atlaMlBei  for  mmtrnf/L,  iIm  malm  caasot 
o^oot  to  A  <M  tb*  graiud  oi  eoapditon. 


j  iTftKltf  n  •  Dill. ••:  iQ.*. *ni  *  Ua», 

jM.    Tha  law  itpo"  Iha  rHMadbttlly  dTi 


l-i  ¥  m. 

a   r<«aibr'«taMiir(ii!vMaMdln  i  , 

Cr  Caa.  iMit.    k  .  «>h.  C.  C.  ao?,  waijtXat. 

Maa.  (ai  M.)  ii.   mm-*$  Ha.  a«l>  la  u-  >it>  ]«ai  i 


But  If  Iha  coart  compallad  a  partr  to  do  an  m 
btrbtddau  by  law,  or  h*<l  nut  |Hr(*dlcti<M  ««rr 
Iha  iMfllaa,  or  tha  tubjact  matur,  ih*  act  dona 
by  (ui  h  ccmipulalon  would  'w  votd. 

Conatroint.  It  t«  a  g«aar«J  lula  that  wh«n 
(NM  I*  cumpallad  to  anlai  InU'  a  contract,  ur 
lo  parform  tnj  contiMi,  ihar*  la  no  •ll'ciiual 
conaani,  though  imunalbly  Ikara  I*  a  furai  <>t  II. 
In  ittch  a  caaa  the  act  or  c<mlr»ct  will  h« 
viiitUbla  or  of  no  affact.  But  Iha  coMatraim  ta 
ihu>  annul  m  vitiala  tha  act  or  contract  mu*( 
ba  '*  ittch  aa  would  ihaka  a  aan  of  Anoacw 
•lid  rawilutlon."  * 

Cofporottono  and  bodloo  polltlo.  Th« 
acta  ul  a  corporation  or  body  politic  aro  lo  b« 
iraaiad  aa  tha  acta  of  any  (Khar  parMina. 

CHmtiMl  MM.   Saa  Ckiminal  Law. 

DUic«n«o  la  tha  doing  ikioga  in  iIm  (iropaf 
lima.*  Thar*  >r«  tkraa  aagrooa  of  diliganc*  i* 
I.  Ordinary  diJigancc  la  that  dagroa  of  dill- 
gmica  which  man  of  ordinary  pradMMO  aaar 
ci«*  in  raapaet  to  their  own  coiMama.  a. 
<  >r«al  or  aatraordlMry  diUgonca  ia  that  which 
T«fy  pfttdant  pataowa  Uka  of  tHcu  own  ton- 
cama.  j.  Might  diliganco  ia  thai  dogroa  of 
diligence  which  nMn,  Mbitiially  caralaaa,  or  of 
llitia  prudaiMO.  ganaraUy  aaarcka  in  iIm  mm- 
agMMAt  of  dMir  own  bodiiaaa. 

In  tha  aBacottos  of  avary  cotitract,  Urwl.  or 
undartaklng  tonio  one  of  lliaao  dagroca  of  dill- 
gfiica  ia  applionhlc. 

OWOM  4f  im^frimmimmt  niitti  wiMro  a 
poraoo  adoMly  loan  hU  lihaity.  If  om  ba 
lllagkUy  daprlvad  of  hu  Htmny  wMU  Im  akn 
and  aaol  a  boiKl  or  iha  lika,  ba  may  alkgt  ihi< 
'duraaa,  tuid  avoi^i  the  botkl.*  Bitt  if  o  ihm  ba 
legally  itapriaoBad,  wd.  eldMf  to  praoira  hit 
diadMfga,  or.  o.<%  umt  otkar  Mt  iMOomM.  aoal  • 
bond  or  dcod,  tMa  k  not  bv  &umm  tA  Impri*- 
omiiMil,  and  k«  b  a<4  at  lilMRty  to  avokl  it ' 
WKwa  tho  proctrnding*  at  laar  an  a  mer  -  prr 
teal,  tkn  IntWimawt  m&jr  ho  nvoidod.' 

Airmt  h  H^rtmli  (wWdi  InalllMr  for 
toaa  of  IMi,  or  oho  nr  f«ar  of  mayh<  f 

teHof  IWb)mMilw«paanMffick  >  • 
In  IM*  oaM  a  mnii  anf  nMld  hla  own  ^a.  A 
iM*  ton*  ntpotd  Uo  owa  ait  bf  rtaxm  ,(  man- 
iM«foriMrof--i.  LoaaofMfci  a.  !4m«  if  -tiam 
bar  1 1.  MayiMBi  i  4.  IaipriiioaaMi!i '  Rr  raint 
tt  Modt  amlar  cboaaMtanook  ut  nai  dnhip  will 
avoid  a  Gonttacl."  In  ca*e  of  duraas  tha  act  ta 
eotMMared  involuniaiY." 

Tha  violoice  aiid  thieais  maat  ba  tach  aa  an 
ealmlated  to  operate  on  a  paraon  of  oi^bary 
Ivmnam,  and  snttpirr  ■  juat  <  aar  if  grei.i  iaj»r^ 
to  paraon.  r«piMati<m,  or  fortune.    Tba  1^1 

Oaih.  'Mi  II  MeL  (MaM.)  U.  |  MIm.  sh>J4#»' 
]l(l  »Vl.j«iaD«nio.ui:  I4jaiiiw.ll*.  ••»•»» 
laal.  1, 1, 16;  4.  f,  ><:  I  Mil  Cmuh.  B.  Lm.  I,  «k.  1. 

tl,  ftt.  1,  p.  w.    •  ^mry  iUlai.i  j  Ua:  au,  ^/if 
Lay,  *ii ,  9  John'    im  ,  >o  F«t.  tey.    %JCo,  m 
;.  4«!> ;  iCaiaM,  t» .  Uttm.  s<t  i  1  Ur.lat  1  H*n. 
■  ;  17  M«.  ])«.    r-AI.  gv    >  p.  Cmhb.     a. 

K»  Bi     omni  iji     f--Co,  j<)  I»M,  ■  1  Rela  Abr   .  a; 
IC.       hr.   fhtrttt  Mttr-f    A.;    ■  Str.  I|i|  VaMar  C 
-     5m:  s  I><«-  R«>  •  Ji^l  nmUmf  or   Ra*. 
«.a  B«y,  »u  :    !    iulHW.  aot :  M  Wm,  •» I   tat 

M«.  (Sy.)  4«.  *  <UL  CCm-   9'WtMm 


UM.  1, 

h>  BI 


M    t 

|..4 


ACIlw 


WIM  •  pMt*  10  4o  M  M 

tM<l  nut  |Mrt*dlcit>Mi  >>«<( 
lijaci  iMAitti ,  (Im  Ml  4ofl« 

•  g««m«l  iul«  (h«l  witcn 
«nl*>  l«li:>  •  omiract,  or 
«c<,  ih«r«  i*  nu  tlf<K-liMl 
•Ibly  than  I*  •  funn  irf  ll. 

•ct  or  oMtlract  will  h« 
«t.     But  (h«  comtnUnt  i« 

lb«  Mt  «Mr  cunUiu:!  miuM 
kh«lM  ■  ■•n  of  AnaiiMi 


I   MtUtto. 
poiUt«  an 


Th. 

ur  body  polUhi  art  to  Im 
My  olMr  panwM. 
M  CKIMINAL  Law. 
oIm  Uitafi  In  Um  proper 
«t  <M|T«ni  of  dillfmc*  I  • 
■  k  IM  dtgTM  of  aili- 

m^tuuj  (midMMSo  «ui 
llMir  own  coMoriM.  i. 
y  dUigmca  U  thai  wbtck 

toke  of  titcit  own  ton- 
Imiico  It  liuu  d«frM  of 
,  Mbitiwllv  c«f«l«M,  ur  at 
kUy  txorciM  In  Um  mm- 


if  tr«ry  coutnci,  tratt.  or 
I  of  iham  dufnn  d  m- 

wMmunt  mriMi   wlMrt  • 
I  hi*  liharty.    If  oa«  b« 

hH  i|)>«rt]r  mtU  !•  •ten 
«  lik*.  Im  nuy  alWgt  ihi< 

bead.'    Bni  if  a  mm  U 
Ml.aMMff  lo  pracw*  hit 
'  oUMr  fnir  aMovM,  imI  • 
I  Mat  bv  «hif«N  of  Impio 
if4  •!  Iib«ny  to  nvofal  it 
|l  M  ki«r  an  a  mm    pn 
»M  ba  avohM.' 
'wUdi  la  aitlMNr  for  i«*r  oi 
Sar  faar  of  ataybaaf^  or  of 
I  ajpOH  a  aalKcMiM  raaitiw.' 
iqr  aaald  kb  own  aei.    A 
«a  alt  bf  rMioii  of  man- 
MaofMbt  a.I.ouof  men 
UnpriiauBtn*.'    Rr  ntot 
wmawoa>  M.'  iMi(tt)ii|7  will 
n  CM«  of  tturwis  lb«  act  it 

tare««i  iBH&i  be  such  m  are 
e  on  s  p«r»on  uf  ordinary 

•  jttK  ,  Mr  <tf  greiit  il^iii7> 

»,  (NT  fertnna.    Tba  ag^t 

■M.)««.  <  Mhi.  JHI  u  AS, 

««i,'4  J  '"»•••».    ■•■w^l'K 
MiCdatM.  B.i,pi.  i.«h.  I 
tory  BaJlM.i  j  uk 


•oi .  lo  rm.  ray.    jSSi,  'kI 

r-AI.  99    1  n.  Ommb.      '-' 
y-i  tiliiM. .  *  Raw  Akr. 
4.:  ■  Sir.  dilJ'M 

Swrlga*  Dr   

(liMM.  wti.  I*  Vm,  ijitji* 


Oal.c6.tir. 


rt 


Ml,  ftaia  M  hotllb,  lampai,  anH  lilaiKMliltin  uf 
ih«  party,  and  <)<)t«r  vircumtianKa*  «.-alculai«d 
ui  |iT«  graaiar  or  lata  rflbci  lo  Ika  violanca  or 
thraaM,  mitai  b«  Ukaa  Into  ciMulflffMlon 
Vloltnca  and  Ihraalj  ara  rauta  of  miDtly,  not 
i>nly  whara  laay  ara  •ii«n;lMNi  im  tha  ciMiinu-l- 
mg  (larty,  b«(  whan  tha  wlfa,  iha  htuhaml,  (ba 
ddtcandanu  tm  aacandani*  <>{  iha  part*  ara  Iha 
ulijaci  of  Ibam.  If  iha  viiilcnca  aMd  iia  only 
I  Ugal  riNUraliit,  or  iha  ihrrai  only  of  duln|| 
ihai  wbkh  Iha  |jati*  uilng  iham  ha<l  a  Kghl  lo 
•i»,  ihay  wilt  n«i  lnvali<Uia  Iha  conlrat:!.  A 
jiui  and  layal  lm)irlaa<im«nt,  or  thraai*  ol  any 
mcMtira  aatboriiad  hy  law,  and  Iha  circuni 
•ttncaa  of  Iba  caao,  art  <if  ihia  daacripilon.* 
Hui  Mara  form*  uf  law  lo  covar  cocrclra  pro- 
(««<linga  for  an  unjual  and  ill«||al  c>iuaa,  if  uacd 
ar  Ibraaimad  In  ordar  to  procura  tha  aaiani  to 
a  ccMract,  will  Invalidate  It )  and  arrnt,  with- 
ant  oanaa  of  oetlwi,  or  a  damand  of  ImII  In  an 
unraaaoAabUiam,  or  ihraai  of  «uch  pmcacdlng, 
oy  thia  i«l«  iniralldau  a  contract  mada  under 
Ibair  proaraia. 

Tba  abota  mlaa  ail  ralala  10  raaaa  wbcra 
ih«r*t  awy  ba  tmna  other  moilva  baaide'  tha 
«l<>l<ii«t  or  ibraala  ibr  makl^ig  tba  cttii.  tcl. 
Whan,  bowtvar,  Ibara  ia  no  othar  cn«»a  for 
making  Ibo  coiMract.  aay  ibrwMa,  tw  ofiligbt 
injury,  will  Inv      <ite  it" 

Frail  •  »ctt,  obliM*k>r  s  and  con- 

fa'  '  uicti      enltra,  and  thh  law  raliavaa 

'h'  dafraudad.      If    buh    partiaa   act 

>ii«ntiy,  Hciihar  can  it.kf  atlvaniaga  of  Iha 
iha  oibar.    If  ona  acta  fraadalanlly, 
'  cmv-tiH  aai  bia  own  fraifd  «  'da  for  bla  own 
bantii.     Aao  FlAUD. 

lllMa,  iuaatiea,  and  non  eooipotaa  men- 
tia  ara  In  ganaral  abaolvtd  fnNn  all  raaik^Mii  ,ti(y 
for  ihair  civil  and  criminal  acta.  T»ic"»  hava 
no  will.  boMO  tha  axotpiion.  There  •  rx- 
cepiiona,  kowovar,  to  ibk  rala.  8ae  M<^  ai. 
Law. 

judMsial  arta  ara  tboaa  wbtdl  feals«f  lo  a 
jtMlga  and  bb  Juriadkllon,  and  nvc>r  which 
ilone  can  aurciaa  tba  fancttoi>«     (  bia  oft, , 
*nd  for  wb'«k  he  ia  anawwable  (o  n.     thti 
iurbdictlon  or  powar.    Bat  that  whi<  r    .tu«/  -n 
neilbart«lilBiiortey()«fiadiction       cans  >i 
lawfaUjr  ttika  omniaaiica  of|  If  hr   ioaa,  hi* 
KU  art  abuohrtdv  void.'    A  JwMciat  act  befaf« 
one  not  a  Jadfi  ia  void  i  aa  to  a  mintetorial  act, 
fron  wkemmovm  U  ptoaaadg.  tat  it  ba  valid.* 
Mftilmftol  acta  ara  iboaa  wMcb  arc  par 
formad  iMdar  tba  anthortty  of  a  aimarior.  a* 
opDoaad  to  jatfciali  thai,  tha  (kariff  or  eon- 
iubia  la  bond  toobajr  tha  Jadidal  coatnanda 
of  ihaooait. 

Whaa  an  oAoer  act:;  in  both  »  judicial  and 
miniilaikl  capadtv,  h«  ntay  be  compdiad  to 
pcrfcm  aininarial  acta  ia  a  particular  way ; 

wsil  MMarally,  a  WaM>,i4*;  i  Bally,  ta;  alUai. 


Ui  whan  ba  art!  la  a  jadidal  cafaclly  ha  can 
only  l>a  ratiuitad  Ui  (Wticfad,  ih* 
ddtng  U  UR  tniirvly  lo  hi*  juda 


only  l>a  ratiuitad  Ui  iwocaad,  iha  mannar  o(  m 
l»n  tniirvly  lo  hi*  judcmanc  • 
Mia«oriduat.    'I>a  wrongtiil  riding  of  tba 


huna  of  another,  without  hii  leave  or  llcenaa, 
and  lh«ralty  raiMing  lit  death  «i  ln|ury,  |«  an 
ail  (■>*  whlfh  tha  narty  U  reiponalbia  In  dam 
agrt.  The  unlawful  a<  t  or  Iwhavlor  of  a  per 
•on  Inlrualed  wllh  the  mlminiilralinn  of  Juttlca, 
hy  which  the  right*  ot  ihe  |Mirtlc«  and  the  |ua 
tica  of  Iha  cane  may  h»>"t  Iwen  affected,  will 
Impair  and  render  vo|<l  ihe  |)ro<  ecding  affeclail 
by  il.  The  unjuM  performance  of  some  act 
which  a  party  bad  no  right,  or  which  lia  cmi 
t/actad  wot,  to  do,  will  create  no  olillgatlon  for 
lecompenie  therefor,  but  will  render  the  |>arly 
performing  Iba  act  liabia  for  tha  damage*  in- 
curred. 

Nacaaaity  la  that  which  mutt  Iw,  and  can- 
n<rt  tia  olherwiM.  It  la  irretitiihia  |Niwar, 
comimUive  forte,  nbyiical  or  moral. 

Where  a  peraon  *  action*  are  determined  by 
cauita*  hayond  hU  control,  h'-  acta  from  nece* 
ally,  an<l  fit  n<il  a  free  agent.  Whatever  li  dona 
thriMigh  necc«altv,  i«  done  without  any  Intention  j 
and  aa  tha  act  la  with<nii  will,  and  i«  compul 
•orv,  Iba  agent  la  n<it  legally  raeponiibla.^ 
••  Necemity  ha*  no  law,"  it  i*  lt«elf  a  law  which 
cannot  tia  *>  Jed  nor  lifringed.*  Not  with- 
■landing  this,  no  parton  can  plead  nacaaiily  In 
axcuie  lor  crime. 

Naglifanca  I*  the  want  of  oue  diligence, 
a  lack  of  oare,  an  omiudon  lo  do.  ||  coiuikli 
of  ttf  folliwing  degree*:  l.  Ordinary  negll- 
.  BMiu  ia  the  want  of  ordinary  diligence,  a. 
Silt  i  1  neiellgcnee  ia  (he  want  of  great  dili- 
gence. )  Crroaa  nagllgance  ia  Ihe  want  of 
*li|hl    ti!i,enca. 

In  ,;r,u  r«l.  whara  a  party  haa  cauacd  an  In- 
jun or  Ioaa  to  another  by  hi*  negligence  ha  ia 
rt-sjujnaiblr  ft»r  all  the  conaequencc*.'  A  par- 
aor  who,  during  a  dark  night,  drive*  hi*  car- 
Hag*  on  the  wrong  «ide  of  tha  road,  by  which 
ha  commit*  an  injury  lipon  another,  ia  rrxponai- 
bla  for  Iba  comequence*  of  hi*  negligence.* 
.S«a  Bailments. 

Npn-parformanca  i*  the  neglect  or  failure 
to  parform  that  which  by  one's  act  or  contract, 
or  DV  the  requirement*  of  ihe  law,  it  become* 
hi*  tfuty  to  do. 

Hnman  action  it  «xnctly  conformable  to  the 
law*  which  raqnire  us  to  obey  them ;  their  non- 
perlormaitca  involve*  u»  in  the  natural  cnnac- 
quencaa  which  follow,  i  he  neglect  to  comply 
with  the  lemM  of  our  contract  makes  u*  re- 
aponaibla  for  the  breach. 

Where  a  iegi»)  i»e  act  require*  a  person  to 
do  a  thing,  tti  n  u-performance  will  lubject  the 
party  to  punishment.' 

NQika  it  information  given  of  some  act  done 

««».  »JOi  »  H.  »  M.  49| :  I  Sirangt,  m6;j  East.  ii9«. 
^'iJ^JVLi  "t-ampb.  «7;  a  Id.  M.  5  B.&  P.  119; 
•aaOateftW.tMaiBanM:  6T.  K.Sjg;  1  Ea<ii.  lotf; 
B.  ft  Aid.  Sfa;  ■  TaaM.  fU;  *  Sluit.  tyw  -.  a  Biia 
lyo;  s  E»P.  IS.  »t3J  s  B.  ft  C.  jso.  Whether  the 
eamlawi  coodacl  of  'he  piaimlff  will  excuse  ihe  neall 
|M!«e  of  the  de^BtbiH,  see  1  Q.  B.  99;   4  Pcrr.  ftU 


±. 


KBflani,  see  1  Q.  B.  m;   4  Pwr.  a. 
Km  I  RMMtrCrln**,  41. 


ACTS. 


or  to  bt  perforaMd,  official,  public,  or  private, 
to  the  public  or  an  Individual  or  individuals, 
corporationi,  companiei,  auuciations,  etc.,  by 
wordt,  writing,  or  printing.  See  Advertisb- 
Murr;  NoncB.  , 

ObcdicBM  to  the  compliance  with  a  com- 
mand, prohibition,  or  known  law  and  rule  of 
duty  prescribed.  To  contlitute  obedience,  the 
act  or  forbearance  to  act  must  be  in  submli- 
sion  to  authoiity ;  the  command  must  be  known 
£0  the  person,  and  his  compliance  must  be  in 
consequence  of  It 

A  child,  an  apprentice,  a  pupil,  a  mariner, 
and  a  soldier,  respectively  owe  obedience  to  the 
lawful  comtMuid  of  the  parent,  the  master,  the 
teadier,  commander  or  capUin  of  the  ship,  and 
the  military  officer  having  command,  and  in  case 
of  disobedience,  submission  may  be  enforced 
by  correction.  .    ,  .l  . 

OfBctrt  who  obey  the  ccmmand  of  their 
superiors  having  iurisdiction  of  the  "ul^wt 
maUer  are  not  liaWe  for  their  acts.  A  sheriff 
or  constable  may,  therefore,  justify  a  trespass 
under  an  esecntioa.  where  the  court  has  juris- 
diction, although  such  execution  was  irregularly 
issued.! 

Officen  acting  in  the  scope  of  their  jurisdic- 
tion and  authority  are  justified  in  all  their  acts ; 
exceeding  thto  they  become  liable  as  a  private 
individud.  ,  .  ^ 

Omiaaion  is  a  neglect  6r  failure  to  do  some- 
thing which  a  person  has  power  to  do,  or  which 
da^iwittired  to  be  done,  or  which  the  law 

5)Vhen  a  public  law  enjoins  duties  upon  cer- 
tain officers,  and  they  neglect  to  perform  them, 
they  may  be  indicted  for  the  omtodon.  The 
omUion  bf  private  individuals  nay  be  pro- 
ductive of  loaa  or  iniu»y. 

Omission  nqr  be  innocent  w^en  no  doty  de- 
mands perfonnance,  and  crimbMl  when  the 
duty  to  ne^ected. 

Ovrt  act!  aw  open  mett  a*  disHngutohed  ftwa 
seovt  doign  or  intention  not  carried  into  cflect. 

The  mctc  contemplation  or  intsntioo  lo 
eommit  a  crime,  although  a  mand  sin,  is  not  an 
actamcnaUetothelaw.  The  mere  speculative 
wantonnesa  of  a  liceatioos  or  mischteveoa  imag- 
ination, however  dangflKWs  or  even  sai^naiy 
in  its  (Meet,  can  in  no  case  umomtt  to  acrinei 
bat  the  instant  any  overt  act  to  manifested  the 
ofbndnr  beconet  amenable  to  the  law.  See 
Ckiminal  Law. 

Porfldy  to  the  violatiod  of  faith  in  agency, 
offit  <  allegiance.  connuUal  ei^Menenu,  and 
transactions  in  me  hiritest  official  circles.  It 
to  the  act  of  one  who  baa  engag$d  hto  faith  to 
do  a  tMi^  and  does  not  do  it,  but  does  the 

^ufiMnaaae*  tofheactorddngMMMtUng 
pievioa^  caatemplated  or  stipnlated  for  the 
otecntiwii  or  ooo^iletton  of  a  thing.  It  i^  the 
act  br  which  OM  to  exonerated  from  tlie  obliga- 
tioB  of  hto  eontmct  or  undertaUng,  previously 
mads  or  RBlered  in'a. 
«.WoM;|»a   IhCUtirPr.Ts:  HcauaMMiM.P.48. 


Peraonal  npreaeautivea,  while  acting  is 
such  capacity  and  within  the  scone  of  their 
authority,  are  liable  only  as  such,  where  they 
exceed  that  authority  they  become  personally 
and  individually  responsible  for  their  acts. 

Pnrauaaion  is  tne  persuading  or  the  in. 
iluencing  the  mind  with  arguments  or  reasons 
offered,  or  by  anything  that  moves  the  mind 
or  passiors,  or  inclines  the  will  to  a  deter- 
mination. ,     .    , . ,     . 

While  the  persuasion  to  confined  within  those 
limits  which  leave  the  mind  free  H  nwy  be  us»c 
to  influence  another.     But  if  such  p«nH....on 
so  br  operates  on  the  mind  of  the  person  in- 
fluenced that  he  will  be  deprived  of  a  perfectly 
free  will,  it  will  vitiate  hto  act. 
Pablleaeta.  See  Statutc  Law. 
Publication  to  the  pubUshing  or  offering  to 
public  notice,  notification  to  the  peopleat  large, 
either!^  words,  writing,  or  printing.  The  act  by 
which  a  thing  to  made  pnbfic. 

To  become  effiM:tual,  awards,  wills,  laws,  etc., 
must  be  puUtohed,  •'.  e.,  made  known.  In  thii 
manner,  atoo.  public  and  judicial  sales  are  an 
nounced,  the  service  of  l*gal  process  ma<1e, 
and  many  other  acts  proclaimed. 

Publicity  to  the  state  of  being  poblic,  opes 
to  the  knowledge  of  the  community,  perform 
ance  or  transacmn  of  business  in  the  view  «<  sll 
peieons  who  choose  to  be  present 

Courts  must  be  open  to  tlie  public;  Uwrecsa 
be  no  secret  tribunal,  except  the  gruid  jury, 
which  acts  in  the  interest  of  the  pablic,  snd 
whose  fonctions  are  merely  for  investigatioa, 
and  not  trial. 

The  acts  of  the  lq|to1atare  must  be  made 
poblic  before  they  are  of  effect  Thn  are.  in 
general,  made  public  either  bjr  their  bci.« 
placed  mon  a  record  {Xovi<*ed  for  that  pwpose, 
and  at  all  times  open  to  public  inspection,  or  b]i 
being  made  pablic  ihroi  ghtlieniedinnofnews- 
napen,  or  fav  dtotribntica  to  the  various  officen 
bf  law  entitled  to  dMm.' 

Rntificatloii  to  the  living  saneUon  and 
validity  to  soasething  done  by  cocAer.  An 
amcmeat  to  adopt  an  act  perfaraatd  by  sn- 

oiber  for  ns. 
As  a  general  mle,  a  person  may  dcct  ^bether 

bewilladoptannnaatboriaedactornot  Bat 
bavW  once  ratified  the  act,  upon  a  fiiB  knowl- 
edge of  all  the  material  drcumstancei.  dM  nt- 
ification  cannot  be  revoked  or  recalled,  and  be 
becomes  boondas  if  he  had  ori|^ly  aath«- 

isedtheact.    SeeAotucv;  C6m»A«3». 
RMumMbU  acts  are  those  governed  by  anc 

under  the  inflnence  of  reason.    Tbcyaresucb 

as  the  law  requires. 

When  an  act  to  gnnccessaiy,  a  party  cannot 
be  requited  to  perform  it  as  a  roaaonable  act,' 
and  a  court  will  ndther  enforce  its  perfonnance 
nor  give  a  mned^  for  its  non-performance. 

Rnftucl  to  the  denial  of  anything  demanded, 

solicited,  or  offined  for  acoeptenoet  faflure  to 

perform  a  duty  or  agreement    In  some  cases  • 

neglect  to  pmMcm  a  duty  which  a  party  ii 

1.9  Price  Esch.  4):  Ydv  Pbtt  Cov.  M*.  iff. 


mutivas,  whU«  actins  ii 
rithin  the  scope  of  their 
mW  M  »>»ch.  Where  ihej 
f  they  bacomc  personally 
Minilble  for  their  acts, 
le  persuading  or  the  in- 
with  argamcnts  or  reasons 
ing  that  moves  the  mind 
incs  the  will  to  a  deter- 

bn  is  confined  within  thoic 

e  mind  free  U  may  be  umc 

.     But  if  such  pcna^.on 

lie  mind  of  the  person  in- 

1  be  deprived  of  a  perfectly 

tte  hit  act. 

B  STATtmt  Law. 

lie  publiihing  or  offering  to 

atioo  to  the  people  at  large, 

ing,orpcinUng.  The  act  by 

de  pablic. 

lal,  awards,  wills,  laws,  etc., 

I.  e.,  made  known.    In  ihii 

I  and  jti^dal  sales  are  an 

ie  of  1^  proceii  mai^, 

I  proclaimed. 

state  of  being  naUic,  open 

( the  community,  perform 

if  bosineaa  in  the  view  of  sll 

I  to  be  prefcnt. 

{Mn to tiie pablic;  therecaa 

«1,  except  the  grand  jaiy, 

interest  of  the  pnUic,  and 

«  merely  for  iavaaligatioa, 

legislatnre  mat  be  mt4e 
ue  of  dfect  Thev  are,  in 
]|ic  either  by  tMr  being 
id  jiiwri^ed  for  that  pwpose, 
IB  to  pablic  inspection,  or  bjr 
htoi  gh  tlie  medimn  of  news- 
tmtioa  to  tlM  various  officcn 


I  the  giving  sandioD  and 
ling  done  Vf  cnolher.  An 
A  as  act  petfomed  by  an- 

I,  a  person  maydleet  if  Iwther 
BaathoriaedaetorBot  Bw 
1  the  act,  upon  a  fbU  knowl- 
terial  drcomstaneea,  Oe  rat- 
iwvoked  or  recalled,  and  be 
If  be  had  originally  aMhoi 
Aontcv;  Cotrnutcn. 
ts  are  thoae  foveiaed  by  anc 

t  of  reason.  Tbay  are  sach 
t. 

HBneceieaiy,  a  party  cannm 
form  it  aa  a  reuooable  set.' 
lither  enforce  its  perfonnance 
for  its  non-perfocmanoe. 
leaial  of  anything  deroanded, 
id  fcr  acceptance}  faihirelo 
agreement.  In mmw  cases  * 
R  a  doty  which  a  party  »• 

43 ;  yrfv  V\M  Cor.  jm*.  »«. 


ACTS. 


required  by  law,  or  his  agreement,  to  do,  will 
amount  to  a  refuaal. 

Refusal  is  also  the  ri^ht  of  taking  in  prefer- 
ence to  others :  the  choice  of  taking  or  refusing. 
()|ition.  Pre-emption.  Thus  a  person  has  the 
refusal  of  a  horse  or  a  house,  or  the  refusal  of 
a  place  of  business  or  an  employment. 

Servanta  are  those  persons  who  engage, 
hire,  or  let  their  serv-ces  to  another,  to  be  em- 
ployed at  any  work  or  occupation  whatever,  for 
the  benefit  of  their  employer,  and  for  compen- 
aition,  subject  to  the  conditions  of  their  em- 
ployment 

A  nuuter  is  responsible  for  the  tortuous  acU 
of  his  servant,  which  wtr*  dont  m  hit  terviet. 
The  responsibility  of  the  master  grows  out  of, 
and  begins  and  ends  with,  his  control  of  the 
servant.  On  this  ground  rests  the  well-estab- 
lished distinction  between  the  negligtnct  of  the 
tervant  and  his  witful  and  maNciom  trespass  ; 
the  act  in  either  case  bring  done  in  the  course 
of  his  employ.  For  the  former  the  master 
must  answers  ^  the  latter  he  is  not  held 
liable,  unless  the  trespasa  is  proved  to  have 
been  antboriaed  or  ratified  (n-  him.'  The 
master  is  responsible  for  what  u  done  \ry  one 
who  is  his  servant  in  fact,  for  tlie  reason  that 
he  has  snch  servant  under  hik  wnslani  conirol,. 
and  may  direct  him  from  time  to  time  as  he 
sees  lit ;  and  therefore  the  acts  of  the  servant 
are  the  actt  of  the  mastor,  because  the  servant 
is  at  all  times  only  an  instmment;  wid  one  is 
not  liable  tat  a  person  who  is  servant  only  l^ 
construction,  excepting  so  far  as  this  essential 
element  of  control  tna  direction  exists  between 
them.  When  a  master  gives  general  directions 
to  his  servantr  tmating  to  his  discretion,  the 
master  may  be  liable  for  his  servant'a  muose 
of  his  discretion ;  but  if  he  gives  n>ecific  direc- 
tions, and  the  servant  transcenoi  i^em,  the 
matter  b  not  liable^  Where  the  negligent 
party  exercises  a  d..*Jnct  and  indraendent  call- 
ing, hit  employer  it  not  liable,*  and,  if  the 
negligence  be  committed  in  the  performance 
of  a  pieee  of  work  undertaken  in  contequence 
of  a  sp«€itU  emttratt,  in  such  case  the  contractor 
is  solely  responsible.' 

SUIl  it  the  fomiliar  knowledge  of  any  oc- 
cupatija,  art,  or  science,  with  readiness  and 
dexterity  in  its  execution,  performance,  or 
aps^ication  to  practical  purposes. 

Every  person  who  jmrports  to  have  tk^ll  in 
a  businMa,  and  undertakes  for  hire  to  perform 
it,  is  bound  to  do  it  with  ordinary  «kilf,  and  is 
responsible  civilly  in  damagea  for  want  of  it." 
In  sane  instances  they  will  be  rtqxmsible 
criminally.*    See  Mkimcai.  Law. 

The  deg|ree  of  skill  and  diligence  required 
rises  in  proportion  to  the  value  of  the  article 
and  delics^  of  the  operation.*  See  Baiuiknts. 


W.  4t}.   n-k  Rnsaett  Cn«Mi,  an.  •  'Jones  Bwlm.  oi ; 
a  Kent  Coo^ai.  4J*,4fi9i   >  Bdl  Coaua.  459;   a  Ld. 


Stultification  is  the  state  of  being  menially 
inca|Nicitated  from  performing  an  act.  To  alle){e 
or  prove  to  be  insane,  for  the  purpose  of  avoid- 
ing .<ome  act  or  contract. 

The  rule  laid  down  by  the  old  authorities,* 
that  no  man  should  be  allowed  to  stultify  him- 
self-—that  is,  plead  disability  through  mental 
unsoundness — was  toon  doubted  as  law,*)  and 
has  been  completely  overturned,'  still  this  de- 
fence is  frequently  interposed. 

Time. 

When  an  act  is  \o  be  done  within  a  certaik 
period  from  a  particular  time,  "-•,  for  example, 
within  ten  days,  one  day  is  to  i>e  taken  inclu- 
sive and  the  other  exclusive,* 

Tmnafer  it  the  act  by  which  the  owner  of 
a  thirig  delivers  it  to  another  person  with  the 
intention  of  pasting  his  rights  in  it  to  the  latter; 
to  make  over,  to  patt,  to  convey,  to  sell,  \i 
give. 

The  title  to  land  it  conveyed  by  deed,  tbt 
property  in  a  bill  of  exchange  it  transferred  l.y 
indorsement,  stocks  are  transferred  by  assign- 
ment, or  entering  the  same  under  the  name  of 
the  purchaser  in  the  proper  book. 

Uncertainty  is  the  want  of  certainty;  that 
which  it  unknown  or  vague. 

When  the  act  to  b^  performed  is  so  vague 
in  its  terms  that  it  cannot  be  certainly  under- 
ttood,  it  it  of  CO  effect.  The  act  must  be  cer- 
tain in  its  essence,  quality,  and  quantity,  aiw) 
that  it  certain  which  may  be  made  certain.' 

Certainty  is  required  in  contracts,  wilb, 
pleadingt,  judgmcntt,  and  indeed  in  all  the 
actt  on  which  courti  have  to  give  judgment; 
and  if  they  be  so  vague  and  uncertain  as  not  lu 
be  understood,  they  are,  in  general,  invalicV* 
See  Contracts. 

Vacation  is  the  making  void,  or  of  na 
validity;  anpuUing. 

An  entry  which  has  been  made  upon  a  public 
record,  through  fraud  or  imposition,  may,  upon 
application,  1^  vacated.  A  charter,  a  franchise, 
an  office  of  truit,  etc.,  may  bo-  vacated. 

Void,  Voidable.  Void  aett  ire  thote  hav- 
ing no  legal  or  binding  force,  such  as  are  null, 
of^n'o  effect,  not  tufficient  to  bind  partiet  cr 
to  convey  or  luppott  a  right.  Vmdaik  atlt 
are  thote  which  maybe  annulled  or  made  void, 
or  may  be  adjudged  invalid,  void,  or  of  nu 
effect.  They  h§ve  force  and  effect  in  conte- 
quence of  tome  inherent  quality  only,  but  may 
be  legally  annulled  or  avoided.  A  contract 
between  an  infant  and  adult  is  voidable,  be 
caute  it  may  be  avoided  or  confirmed  on  the 
infant's  coming  of  age. 

Wife.  The  actt  of  the  wife  are  consid- 
ered the  actt  of  her  husband.  For  her  crimes, 
however,  the  it  liable  as  if  she  were  a  single 
woman.    Where  the  commits  a  crime  in  the 

Raym.  909. 918 ;  Sloty  Bailm. J  431,  tt  trf. ,-  a  Green* 
Ev.  I144.     I^Utt.  {405;    4(3).  i»3;    Cro.  Elli.  »9». 

Srt  Hon,  4>4:  •  Stmrtw.  Bt.  Comm.  wft.    r-«  Kent 
omm.  4SI.    a-SecHob.  119;  Cowp. 714:  Dougl.it): 
a  Med.  tSo;   3  Ponn.  St.  »oo;  1  S.  &R.43;  jB.Jk 
Aid.  SBi :  3  Ent.  407 ;  Com.  Dig.  E«u«» {O S).TeRi|^. 
•  ■  Chittjr  Pr.  89.  «4r-    t-Co.  Citt.  «.    a-i  Russ  t 
ii«;  t  Chltty  Pr.  1*3:  9  Martin  (N.  S.)  sw. 


^} 


t% 


fo 


AFKIDAVIT. 


presence  of  her  hutlMind,  unlets  it  la  of  a  very 
aggravated  character,  «he  it  presumed  to  act  bv 
hh  coercion,  and,  unlcM  the  contrary  it  proved, 
<he  will,  in  the  absence  of  a  statute  to  the  con- 
Irary,  l>e  held  irresponsible. 

Writing  is  the  forming  of  letters  ind  char- 
acters upon  paper,  parchment,  cloth,  wood, 
■tone,  or  other  material,  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
cording the  ideas  which  the  words  or  characters 
expren.    Printing  is  consitrued  to  mean  writtng. 

Many  contracts  must  be  in  writing,  all  deeds 
for  the  conveyance  of  real  estate  must  be  in 
writing.  Records,  bonds,  bills  of  exchange, 
and  many  other  obligation*  and  undertakings, 
must  be  made  in  writing. 

A«4 1 0*4.   8m  Acodbnt. 

Aet  la  Psto.    Sm  PaAcrtca. 

A«tl*a  at  I4»W.    Sm  PaACTtCt. 

Ae<wa  OaiMMNM.    Sm  Damaois. 

AataMPjr.    Sm  CoRroRATioNS :  Imsuramcb. 

Ad  Vatorcaa.   Sm  Dvtim. 

A«MltfaHi.    SmNamb. 

A<Hlr<M.    Sm  LaoisLATiaif ,  PLaAoiNO. 

A4*apU»«>   SmIjkiact. 

A4l»li*»«*  Tern.    Sm  PKAcnca. 

AMoamaaeBt.   Sm  PaAcnca. 

A«il4lM»tiMi>    SMjuooiuirr. 

AaiMataWMt.   SMimuvAHca. 

AAalMtot«rlav'*<****  SmCkimimalLaw. 

AdauaftatnstlMR.  SmEstatb;  (^ovamniatfr. 

AdHBtals*nM*r.    Sm  Pmsonal  ItBumom 

AAminkl.    8m  Ornca  AND  OmcBW. 

A^aalMltir.   SmCoiats. 

A«iiMl*Ma«  Sm  Coaroa^TioM:  Eviimhcb: 
VaAcnca. 

AJwIM— .    Sm  Practkb. 

A4«l— — ■ea.   SmAgb;  Invamt*. 

A4ImI1«h.    Sm  Childrim. 

Atlut.    Sm  Aob;  InrAim. 

AtmttmrmUmm,  Sm  Cbimimal  Law. 

AAalMnstor.   Sm  Criminal  Law. 

A4*U«rlm«.   SmAdultbrv:  Chiuibbii. 

AmmltmBtf,   Sm  Crimiiial  Law. 

A<w— — t.   SmGivt. 

AtfvMNiWk   SMAaaina;  Loan. 

Atr^mtmtn.   Sm  Mbbcahtilb  Law. 

A4v«ra«  Wml^T^umt.  Sm  Rbal  Pmormm. 
■  A4mmm  Wmmmimtmm.   See  Rbai.  PaorMrr. 

A4v«rMBMBM>>   SmNoticb;  Pbacticb. 

A4vlc«.   Sm  Mbrcantilb  Law. 

AitrtmmtmmmL  SMPaAcncB. 

A4T««Mt««  SmAobmct:  Anoaiwn;  Pbacticb. 

AabetlMB.   Sm  ComiDBRAnoN:  Patmbw. 

Afltomw.   SmMUbbuob. 

ArnBATHW.  Sm  Eviobncb;  Pbacticb: 
Wrmasa. 

An  Apfioavit  is  a  ttstemmit  or  declaration 
reduced  to  writing  and  sworn  'or  affirmed  to 
before  some  officer  who  has  authority  to  admin- 
ister an  oath.  It  diffiers  firom  a  deposition  in 
this:  that  in  the  latter  the  opoosite  party  has 
an  opportunity  to  crass-examme  the  witness, 
whereas  an  affidavit  is  always  taken  txpmrt*.^ 

A  counter  aSdayit  is  av  affidavit  made  in 
opposition  to  one  alrisady  made.  Its  essentiid 
requisites  am  the  same  as  an  affidavit. 

Amendments  at  obmmoo  law,  indepeadent 
of  any  statutory  provision  on  the  sid^ect,  are, 
in  all  cases,  in  the  discretioo  of  the  coiut,  for 
the  furtherance  of  justice,    i^n   amendncnt 

T-Greilv  Eq.  Bv.  413.  W-n  Ad.  ft  E.  «*;  •  Pick, 
sso :  « T.il"5i, :  4  iwr.  «*«.  js-PWI.  W. K)  L.  199 
|r.5 T.  R.  i6t:  14, 8j.  JjiT.  R.  ar:  j East.  n«:  » 
Id.  Tfli ;  i^Xnis.  ma:  ■  H.  ft  8.  <B3.     »-ii  Ohio,  9«}, 


where  there  is  something  to  amend  by,  may  b« 
made  in  a  criminal,  as  Tn  a  civil  case.*  But 
such  amendment  must  be  by  leave  of  Ih^  court, 
and  upon  the  terms  prescribed. 

An  affidavit  amended  by  order  of  the  court 
must  be  re-swum  to,  or  it  is  no  affidavit.* 

Amounte,  Deecriptions,  et«.  An  affidavit 
should  be  positive  as  to  parties }  as  to  a  claim,' 
iu  nature,  how  it  arose,  upon  what  it  11 
grouided,  and  the  amount.*  If  the  amount  it 
unceita'  .,  still  i»mi  amtmnt  roust  be  stated.* 

The  namea  of  all  the  deponents  should  b« 
mentioned.^  In  general,  an  affidavit  must 
describe  the  deponent  sufficiently  to  show  that 
he  is  entitled  to  offer  it ;  for  example,  that  he  it 
a  party,  or  agent  or  attorney  of  a  party,  to  the 
proceeding  ;*  and  this  matter  mutt  be  stated,  not 
hj  way  or  recital,  or  as  mere  description,  but  a» 
an  allegation  in  the  affidavit;*  the  affidavit 
should  show  that  they  were  severally  sworn.* 
The  Jttfat  is  that  pait.of  an  affidnvit  where 
the  officer  certifies  that  the  same  war '  tb  " 
before  him. 

The  jurat  should  sUte  the  da  '   1t  it 

was  swom ; '  it  need  not  specify  th«.  ^.-«.  where 
it  was  swom,  as  the  venue  sufficiently  showi 
that.*  The  jurat  should  be  in  special  form 
where  deponent  isiUitente;^  or  blind;'  other- 
wise, the  common  Cam  b  sufficient }  Where  s 
deponent  is  a  marksman,  the  foct  of  the  affidavit 
having  been  read  over  to  him,  and  his  andcr- 
standing  it,  should  be  <!tated  in  the  jurat.* 

Tlie  jurat  must  be  signed  hv  the  officer  with 
the  addlHon  of  his  official  title.'  An  affidavit 
should  show  on  its  &oe  that  it  was  made  befoie 
some  officer  competent  to  take  affidavits." 

8aal.  In  the  case  of  some  officers  the  suttttct 
conferring  anthprily  to  take  affidavits  requiie 
also  his  seal  to  W  uBxed. 

Whenever  an  officer  I^m  an  official  seal  he 
should  affix  it.       ' 

Signatura  of  aflant.  The  affidavit  should 
be  subscribed  by  t|w.  deponent  or  deponents.* 
'  The  absence  of  tMe  parqr^  stonature  does  not 
prove  thiitlie  was  not  sworn;  lor  ttbaot  neces- 
sary to  constitute  an  affidavit,  unless  required 
by  sutute  that  the  party  niiaking  should  sign  it.* 
But  there  must  he  an  offidal  authenticalkiii.r 

Surplnaage  in  an  affidavit,  not  incoqsuteut 
with  the  substantial  averments  requited  hj  the 
statute,  will  not  vitiate  it< 

Title  of  the  actkm.  The  affidavit  rowt  in- 
telligibly refer  to  tlte  cause  In  wMch  it  fai  atade; 
in  other  words,  it  should  show  by  its  title  wha 
is  plaintiff  and  tfefendant,'  and  the  co«rt  ill 
which  the  action  is  pending.  The  strict  nW 
of  common  law  is,  that  it  must  contaic  the 
exact  title  of  the  actkM.  When  there  is  no 
proceeding  pending,  the  affidavit  must  not  be 

I  Abb.  Pr./M.S.)  tjl;,*  How.  Pr.  »fei  «» J^*!*- 

I7J.  •-4  Sm.  ft  Marah,  sf».  •  lowajwj  «l  Oa.  «r- 
»4Rob.(L«.»"»i  aSoua.  »3<i  «l6-SMi  »«« 
Si ;  3  Ala.  m.  'a4 S.  ft  M.  tftt  ti « aib.  n»!  n 
lifii;. Vi  MlA^i  i  La.  Aa.  Till  w QblmT*. }» 
-■isH«w.  Pir,4w. 


AFFIDAVIT. 


S* 


<\g  to  amend  hj,  mty  be 
In  •  civil  CMC,*    Hui 


Ina 
s  In 

be  by  le«ve  of  th%  court, 
'escribed. 

ed  by  order  of  the  court 
>r  it  ii  no  affidavit.* 
ptlont,  nc.  An  affidavit 
lo  parties  t  aa  to  a  claim,' 
troae,  upon  what  it  ii 
louni.*  If  the  amount  ii 
m»mnt  muat  be  t(ate<l.* 
1  the  deponent*  ahould  he 
leral,  an  affidavit  muM 
t  sufficiently  to  show  that 
it ;  for  example,  that  he  it 
ittomey  of  a  party,  to  th« 
matter  mutt  be  itatcd,  not 
u  mere  description,  but  t» 
e  affidavits*  the  affidavit 
eywere  severally  awom.* 
pait.of  an  affidavit  where 
It  the  same  war  '       td" 

■tate  the  ds  ■    ^  it 

not  specify  tkt.  ;;tLtt.  where 

venue  sufficiently  ihow« 
konld  be  in  special  foim 
iterate;*  or  blind}*  other- 
m  b  sufficient.'  Where  * 
MB,  the  fact  of  the  affidavit 
er  to  him,  and  his  mdcr- 
t  stated  in  the  jural.' 
Kilned  hy  the  officer  with 
iffidal  title.*  An  affidavit 
ce  that  it  was  made  bifon 
Bt  to  take  affidavila." 
of  some  officers  the  slatntM 

to  take  affidavits  require 

ixed. 

!er  1^  an  official  acal  he 

•nt.  The  aiBdavit  ahould 
».  deponent  or  deponents.* 
par^s  stoMUnre  docs  not 
aworn;  feritisiMlneces- 
affidavit,  unleaa  lequired 
rty  makinc  should  aign  it.* 
I  olfidSal  autbentica^.' 
I  affidavit,  not  inconsfiteut 
averments  required  by  the 
teit.< 

m.  The  affidavit  mwt  in- 
cense in  whid  it  ia  made ; 
HtM  rinw  by  its  title  wha 
mdant,*  and  the  oo«rt  in 
pending.  The  itilct  nW 
that  H  muat  conlaic  the 
Etion.  When  there  ia  no 
,  the  affidavit  must  ml  be 

i4>:  M  Wtjjl. 
Pr, 


ja  How.  Pr. 


•Nm7. 


(DtiUed  I  but  a  superfluous  title  may  be  disre- 
Ijarded  as  not  affecting  the  substantial  right* 
of  the  party.* 
Venue  u  the  place  where  the  affidavit  is 

lalien  and  must  be  stated— (thus,  State  of , 

county,  ss.)  to  show  that  it  was  talcen 

within  the  officer's  jurisdiction  ;*  and  an  omis- 
^ion  of  the  venue  from  an  affidavit  is  fatal. 
The  venue  i*  an  essential  part  of  every  affida- 
vit, and /TMM /iri>  evidence  of  the  placewhere 
it  was  taken.*  If,  by  the  venue,  it  appears  that 
tlie  affidavit  waa  taken  at  a  place  beyond  where 
the  officer  was  authorised  to  act,  it  will  not  be 
received  by  the  court.* 
Tht  UUeoTaa  action  U  geiMnUly  as  foUowi : 

—  wun'S?    }«^    In  the  — Court. 
»  &,|ihJntlBr;  I 


va. 


C.D.,dell»daBt.j 
V«au*is  luh 
•tatad  diftrtnd 


ABdnvtt  for  (tMt  mW). 


-  Jtwi  di*r«id7  In  <HAf«M  tuta  and  couotri**.    S*- 
Mnpiw  ta%  •§  Ibllowi : 


&!!•£ ,-— •eounljr.  aa.  (tr  set.  «r  lo-wli). 

Kate •»— — ,  elty, («>  d«paftai«M,  dlMrict,  pariih, 

Tmttonr  s»l ,  elty  (*r  town)  of ,  aa. 

Previnaa  of — ,  dominion  ef — -Teto. 

Wofde*  •' .  etty  (.r  port)  of ,  eta. 

Empire  ef .port  of---,  ate. 

Tw    «     Airr»AVITf  MWL 

.«hu»?,f sriT  ^'"^ "  "*«^'^  ^'^  '•  •» 

That  A.p.  la(th«attnt*rMieraM  -  ~  u  -arty 
(#roMi)rihtpartla)tetbtapr«eead..i,  .Vk.  iiarf 
forUr  *°'""'™'  •**  of  Jurat  la  aidMr  of  <te  foUowlnt 
JwtT**^  ••»*  r#ro«i  to  baflm  mo  thla 

failawaaM  baaMde  iMfeia 


•^JLIiy  ""'.y^^*  .o*"**.  havli^  audiorltv  to 
"irKy  an  oadu  aad  dds  oath  last  gsdwinfawad 

2?!?J2I^'k  "ISSSS  •»•>"?»«*.  Uw  court  or  o«. 
cw'hnviaenoJwMleltoafer  lUs  puipowi  ladMtattOT 
Mua5r.~Th.adavi1fcrtm.wl  pSSSlwoiddiS? 

f*U"  W. — 5  T—  aountjr,  aa. 
ft?  fc"aS2!'S"*'**C"»L''Vf  (•'*"««»)«hal,ate. 
..^^^wMavtiM  to  UTKyia  a  forS«icouMryit 

OreoauBsaeadiw: 

On  iMa  ---•  day  of  ■— ,  tMlbte  ma.  tha  aubacH* 

po*«.iM>dipeaMl>Md mUkfvSHtS.  ^^' 

,  '/  ^  "P'*^  la  to  ha  uMd  in  a  dvll  er  criadnal  ae. 
tta  tha  Ud.  of  th.  acdoa,  diM : 

lathe —.court. 


It  will  be  obMrVMl  that  11 "  ilateincnt  ofvcnua  "  la  twica 
nmda  in  thla  rorm.  'the  firat  rcluleH  10  the  court  ia 
which  iha  aciion  I*  panding.  tha  itaccinil  la  the  dUc* 
where  tha  affidavit  i*  ukan.  *^ 

in  order  that  the  affidavit  ihall  lie  dTcctual  It  must 
hear  upon  iu  face  (he  evidence  of  in  being  duly  made. 
Ihiaiadone  by  the  ufficert' bearing  witmaa  to  and  af- 
firming iu  liavlng  been  ao  made,  b>  >,i»  ^ujcinn  declara- 
lion  10  ihal  affieci.  Thia  ia  called  the  jural,  t..  which  hia 
ilgoature  ia  abaoluuly  ncce»»ary.  An  officera  official 
title  ahould  always  accompuny  hi*  aigiMiure. 

««««iwl  r*inai*r«R*«clMi*M«r  jHMktis. 

■worn  («r  affirmed)  b«for.  ma,  tlila day  of 

■ubacribad  and  aworn  to  bofor.  m.  thU da* 

", — T'  ( Ojgictr'i  tigtMtur*  »md  titlt.  I 

In  tMtiniony  whmcof,  I  hav.  horaunto  sat  my 

band  (and  affixed  my  officiitt  acal),  tlila day  of 

.        \Sfl.\  (OJUctr'ttignalunumitUlt.) 

If  an  affiant  la  blind  nr  illiierata  It  ahould  be  thua  • 

Subacribad  aad  aworn  to  bafer.  ma,  thla 

day  3f  — -,  A.  D ,  th.  aacna  having  bean  In  my 

Er^?**,ir  ""y  ■">  '*?••  »«  ^hla  affiant,  he  balna 
f  ?*  */r  ""««"*•).  •»*•  undcraundlna  tha  tama. 
l-S»«/.J  iSignaturtmnd^ciMlttiU.) 

If  aa  affiant  U  c  foreigner  It  ahould  ba  diu* : 
■tthoerlbad  and  aworn  ta  bafar.  ma,  thla  — ~. 

day  of ,  A.  O.  — ,  I  haviag  Ant  awora  I.  R., 

an  IntarpraUi,  to  intarprst  truly  tha  aamo  to  thla 

Jhf*E2,*iJ.T''^  •••  '^•'•^l."*.!  «»?<«r«aodln« 
I^. 21^"''  "•■fM*.  and  ha  having  ao  lata? 
prated  the  aemaT;,)  aaid  daponeat. 

vSml.\  (SigMMurnmd  ^gUM  lUU.) 

AHilai^H   Qewewi  Vwr^^a. 

tHliyjhi pita4hgt,  which  oonakl  of:»  1.  The  nam* 
of  tha  Slau  and  county  In  which  the  nctlon  h  broucht. 

*l"-  ("  — 7-).  being  duly  aworn,  aaya  (or  allciM. 
•rdapoaaaoadaays):  ^^    ^     -"««"« 

That.  etc.  (MrMv  «•'  Mr  mMn-t  tc  it  •llmtl). 

•worn  {•-  affina«i)  baftJffeSI^'^^fe'^of 
— •       ■  "^       AmMi^  (Jiir«*.r«r»  «^e^«..) 
A.  B.,  plalntie,    -w""""^- 

i%  «   TfL-^       Mnthe court. 

C.  D.,dafandaat.) 
w«*e  of — -,  — -  eounty,  aa. 
A.  B.  (and  CD.),  being  duly  aworn  (^r  aOroMd). 
■•je  <r;»«»««Ol'  *ay.  «»*  for  (imadr) :      "■™~'» 
That  be  to  ptaiuW  («r,  that 


day  of 


tonwy  I  of  Um  pCdmiff)  la  t^  above  entltiad  action. 
Th2t,«fc^SW/*r>rt«).       (SigmJ^h^ 
■Mbacribed  ami  aworn  to  bafenT  me,  thla — 


State  of .— 


{Sigm'mtrtmmltttkimiHilt.) 
Amtthtr. 
eountyrtowlt. 


•worn  to  IMa day  of -— jA.  D.  — ■,  b.fer« 

•  ■Hinrlf-Ae— cM^ 

_       .  ,  , .        oaa  Accooina. 

Bf  admMUnUtr,  «MjnMr,  «<»,afer  rutr^am, 

■lata  of  — •,  —  eeiMty,  iw. 


CO. 


,<br) 


llSS."^  I     ^•^•Si<*SBMSSM«,ahyel^ 


I  U.  Aa.  Ttf  J  sa  OWal 


*>^USfk£l' JL.  •l?Bt53L  *"  •  '•aft*  **• 


S^to  thTftat  of  Ma  toS^todi^Md  telM 
•w««  Hid  a»baariljH%  thla  -/i^T^  if '  II. 

12^SL^^  Id.  «»»:,«.•«•:  18  BaA.  4o8.and 


!^v;:i 


•«****eiliHMMNMMii 


AFFIDAVIT. 


Autil^tr. 

■Uttof , county,  •».    ' 

A  T    baina  duly  •worn,  sayi  t  ,  _  n 

Th.t  v..  !•  idmiSuuMor  ofth.  ..UW  of  D.  D., 
0/ 1  d«c««»«d ;  »r  _....  -fir   at 

^.  tUMlvont  lor  B.  T.,  of .  bankrupt) ;  *r 

^^t^Trh.  t.  A.  .MSUtor(#r  on.  uf  ih.  "«cutor.) 
•r  th*  iMl  wlW  and  MoUBi«nt  of  D.  D.,  of , 

*  nSSI?hl'«.'^u"ata"  -If  «>•  ("-"rirJilnS)  ••^' 

I  D  .  minor  Mir  of  D.  D.,  of ,  docontj*).  •r 

(Ti;«T  ho  ••  trurtti  of  th. uu.t  funi.of 

"Th«'ti«.  Obovo  (.nnc«<l.  f"'^"*'*.  '^J''!!'^)^ 
•CGOunt  (.nd  th*  .ch.du»*«  'htrrto  wfarrjd  to) 
!oot*ln  •  full  ond  tru..  compl*t*  •n^_Pf,I,«f» 
•Mount  of  hit  ndmlntatrntor.  (^'f"*- •»«;'??'i: 
iuSrtllM.  *r  tn-m)  •hip,  tO  th.  ^J^^  )^^ 
idg*  mttA  b*llof.  .  iSipu4.)  AT. 
lubieribod  iind  •worn  to  b*for*  m*thU 

"'^.  cTciV*.'  "(si^r/  .Mf  «^ii»/  w/«  «<■  ^i^^" 

tmlATUud  U  a4lmimirt*r  «•**. ) 
AitDlhtr. 

■tatit  of ,  — county,  ••■  ,  , 

AT.  (•dmlnfwr.ior  of  ihe  niai*  l»r  nooMt  <f  th. 

ta.t  wiU  i^"..m««.t]uf  U.  p.,  d««««d.  »r  Mtigne. 

IIM  fe»iale  and)  penon  of  !.  D.,  minor  iMfr  of  D.  D.. 

«uUuM^  <.rtniif»ofth. fiind.*ie.>,«w*««th«t 

S^^MoiaiKcruBt  pr*Mf<t*d  1*  ]u*t  •ad  tru* : 

ol1<!!ii!Si  uUt  th*Torw*nf  •ccount  i.  Ju.t 
•Dd  tru*  (*r  corr«»>  ••  h*  ve^y  b«H.v*»  J 

5r;8w*Ma  th«t  th*  i*r*f ping  •ee»»"V!i!l.,Sll 
•nd  Mrr*Gt  *Mhlblt  of  hi.  dolngB  ••  •«»«»>  (nd™'"'*- 

a«»UMt7««eount  of  bl«  (.dmlfliuratlon, «e.)  of  Mid 
"atl^Vn  («-  .«ra»d)  to  and  jyl^criW  by|»W 

Anah*r.  ui  \    r 

Salt .    Th«  city  (county  tr  towndilp)  of , 

Dr.  to  A.  ».*Co.  .^ — 


^^'      I,      To  tooo  BUnk  licTji«l. 
1  I,  1  To,  we. 

If  the  o«c.r  •d»lnUterfn(|t  th.  onth  h«TB  •»  o«cW 
M*|  It  tbould  aUo  b.  ananad. 
Amtktr. 
State  of , «5«"'^'!*«  !..«»•«• 

tha     " 

Mi 

**?£* ^""RVa  •Mouirt,  a*  •»»•<,  ••  1»*  «»* 
dua  and  owteg  to  thto  daponant  by  tlw  rtw^ 

"•ih«  h,%  -MA.  B-.«3?^«rs^sl.2c 

•una.  or  any  f»M«  **l«^S2»*E-tS?dSa«5«a  « 

S^,  hiiowl£l%i  wfSfaf^jL-  -.  .hi.  ^T., 
^•^^^jeau^^rfbjd^h^*^ 

■tBtac'f'— •< eooaty,  aa.  _^ 

(•r)Ubnad)Minii 


That  h.,  tha  aald  W.  T.  and  M.  •.,  tha  aub 
acrtblna  wltnaawi.  to  uld  In.trum.nt  of '"["yn*; 

w.r.  (uii  ilie Jay  o' /  »»««>  pr.Mnt  a*d  did 

M«  th.  a*>ov.-nam.d  A.  ■.  d^|n  ( W  "J^K  •»^" 
hia  act  and  daad  «chnowlad|.  and  daUtr«  •*«! 

'•l*lIt"''b.V.upon  -Id  W.  T.  •nd  H.  ••  did  .ub- 
•criba  thalr  nam—  —  witoaaa—  to  tha  —ma. 

Int-tlmooy  wh.r*of.I  haya  hw««»"»»»««  J»» 
hand  and  i.Aaiad  my  o*«ial  (#r  notortet)  a— I  th» 

^'^n  '•"  ""^  "*"'  ^^  O?*.  (^*./  'MU.) 
AflMavlt^ArkltMiU**. 

Sm  Aobmcv,  AaMTBkTtON. 

AIMaiVlt-Arrwii. 

Sw  AaaaiT,  PLiAmtm,  PaAcrica. 

(tata  of , county,  a«.  „       . 

A.  B. ,  baloK  duly  aworo,  — y»  (#r  •}**«"):     -  , 

That  h*  la  tha  ownar  of  tfia  On  «")«['*«^»': 
lowinc  dMcribad  (•'P~«""»*~') '^..•iSSl' v 
wit  (3l»crib»B«  It):  all  of  tha  aggracata  walaa  o 
,       doUara.  «  «.    #  h.^ 

That  ha  ia  th«  ownar  (aWutdy)  of  »•  fonoj^ 
Ing  d*acrib«d  (untncumbered)  par— o«l  prop*it>, 
io  wlt^«fr*Av  *).  •»  »'  th.  aggr^gata  *alu« 

"'fhit  hi'taT'wc.rth <«<'J»«»ffl2L.*"''  "^'* 

aU  hia  d*bra,  •a*irptioo»  and  UaMUn—.    ^  ^ 

Subacrlbad  and  aworn  tobafara  2i.V/!5/,T~ 
d,y  of ,  A.  D. .  O.R.('fi>i»'  ""*)■ 

^       ''     A«W»trl*~At«a«h««»». 
Sm  Attachihmt,  Vimaiuhg,  PaMmea. 

So.  t3v»Ku.m,fMt. 

A.  8.1 
w.    >  In  tha ecurt. 

CD.)  _ 

auta  of .  -— ■  county,  —. 

C.  D..  being  duly  awom.-y«:  ,...,. .,„^._» 

That  ha  iaiba  (*gent  or  attorney  of  th.)  dafandant 
in  tha  above  antlttad  action. 

Thatheltald defendant) haa  a  )uat  and  '^fU da- 
fenw  to  the  whole  (*r'p«rt)  of  the  plalnak-a  de- 

"iSit  V!:^ch!SlS^  ar)  «tur.  ef-«d  *•»••>«  »• 
tafoUowe(*J»nW«ir  <<»'»-")•      (5*~')   «.  D. 
■nbaertbad  and  awom  to,  etc. 


i  fer  aaid  county.  P«««S5^»S£  «  i.wV*l 
_,  and  being  (duly)  awom  (-cordlag  to  law)  «•- 


AflM»vl«-P*Mln. 

•ta»««'-— ■•lea.    A«dnvit eoncaming 

«r«uS?«,  i-)  Be  It  ramembared  that  on  tMa 

—-day  of —^,  A.  D. .befcra  »«>0*'>*rT> 

in  nnOw ,  rtalding  at  «ia  —-,  of  — rj*^ 

Sii«l-U,.nad  «^5w«n,-d  to  tew  njjtt^ 


Intaatir ' 

band  and 
Mir  An 

l&a/.] 


Yn  t— tiinany  whereof^  ifcvebwfa  unto  eat  my 
JndVSrnSliad  i»  a«al  of  ••-  the  4ay  nni 
ymir  fttat  above  written. 


A«tor«t-V«tiMs.  ■••. 

8*.  PtnrMCAWOM,  bdow. 
ma.  of  th*  action,  (f*VM  ^ 
Stat*  of , eotinWt««- 

co^?;^)  c^^Mrf  Ae  witWn  -^on  tba  wt^ 
M&ed  C.  Dm  on  tha day  of- — .  A.  ¥•  rrr; 

S?!L  ••d-h.  -  «..  &«-v»^.  S!hlHbii5L2? 
lUttl.  mual  piae^  o«  mldwra,«r  at  hfc  *"'***i*?'R'' 

._, (la  the  prasenor  of . •-r-Z!  **"*  iiM,^.!lj. 

A.T"-!l!^'  c«d  «.^^JM«*6-^S»53- 

liwtaot-^. — cotinty.efc 


'.  T.  mni  N.  •..  th«  tub 
iM  InMrutnant  of  wrttln*, 

I  betb  praaant  him  did 

.  B.  aign  {*«d  wal).  ani  ai 
owladga  and  daUtrar  aaid 

W.  T.  and  N.  ■.  did  aub- 
rllnaaaaa  to  tho  aama. 
f.  I  hava  haraunto  aat  my 
Aeial  (»r  Mtartat)  aaail  th» 
a  wrtttau.  .     . 

.ArMtM«l4Hi. 

,  AaaiTBkTioM. 

It-ArrwK. 

.■AMMO,  PkACTICB. 

M    A— M. 

orB,a«.ya  (•raUaiaj): 
tr  oftha  (In  (M)af  thafol- 
lucumbnad)  ra*l  aauu,  ty 
of  tha  agcracAM  vataa  o< 

r  (abwiuttly)  of  tha  foHow 
nbtrwl)  panoMl  proport}, 
*U  of  tha  acgnc***  *^>" 

dotUra  ovar  and  •bev* 

maandUaMUtlaa. 

(,S(rw^)  A.  B- 
orn  to  bafora  ma  «W;,T— 

-.Jktiimmttm*mU 

;  PuL^.DiMC,  PuMrnci. 

tt-WftBm<T«, 

lourt. 

luntyi  ai. 

I'ertMmai  of  the)  dafandant 

•ctlon. 

KM)  taasi  •  Juat  and  iami  da- 

;«•  part)  of  tha  ptalntdTa  4a- 


(SigntJ)    CO. 


tr)  oatura  of  aald  dafaoca  U 

i^1rrK«).      (%i 
"-  ate. 

...        •Mljpi. 

f9r*it»<mimiry»rt 


ortt  tof  ate 


Affidavit  aoaearalBC 

it  ramambarad  that  on  thia 

.ba«pra  ma,  O.  «.i«--r> 

lag  at  tha  — — ,  of  -— ••  *^ 
1,  and  by  law  aatbortjjrt 
anmatloM,  i 


^,  ^nr-T^ndSiKii  bjr  »• 

•«)  dW  dcpMo  an«  *>fi~,^__ 
/grtltht  mmiUrs  ami  MAjp 

Poaf.  iSiMharauete  aat  my 
^Mial  of  efllea  tha  day  and 

/^ra«/M>4tffeMf«ft.) 

HjcATiON,  balow. 
Boantyiaa. 

)•  wMiia o»  tha  wtiMtt* 

•  —  day  of  — -t  A.  »^rjrrj 

a  jS^,^  Srd«»J59g-haii^ 
umiiig-n>on.  •tow,  ihop,  jW^IS 

iWara'to  «w«»-r:^4S52rr" 

( jjpaWMv  eMf  I^Mi' MUr.) 


rr<4iEa<r  4r /arAMTMi^ 
cottMy,aa. 


AFnOAVIT— AGENCY. 


A.  B.,  balag  duly  aworn.aaya,  that  ba  la  aaa  of 
Ik*  gaDaral  aartaara  of  tha  withtn-aamad  part- 
rMrtnlp.  aaa  that  tha  amount  of  moaay  con- 
trlbutad  by  aaah  of  tha  wltMn-namad  apaclal 
partaara  to  tha  aammoa  ataah  tharaof,  la  aa  fal- 

bwa:  B.  F..  doUafa,  O.  H.,  daliata, 

which  aald  amrunta  hava  baan  actually  and  la 
food  faith  aantiibutad  and  aapUad  to  tha  aama. 

A.  B. 

Subacrlbad  and  aworn  ta  bafero  ma  thIa day 

of ,A.D. .        ],  f„  J^uHn  ^  tkt  fttm. 

ABMhatrlt-yMM— . 

Bra  PLaAainaa. 

•tata  af , aounty,  aa. 

A.  B. ,  balag  dnly  aw6rtt,  aaya  t 

That  tha  Ibcta  aat  fbrth  In  tha  akova  (fongoiiw. 
tr  within)  patltlan  ara  trM  ta  iiha  boat  of  hia 
knowladf  a  and  baUaf  («r,  u  ha  r-rUy  baUavaa). 

Subaariaad  and  aworc  ta,  ate.  A.  B. 

]n%t~    

Saa  PuaucATfON. 

Btata  af ,  ^—  county,  aa. 

P.  P.,  balag  duly  aworn,  aaya,  that  ha  la  tha 
printar  oti»ri*  ia  tht  trnfUy  *f  P.  P.,  tin  Mnttr 

y  I  tha ,  a  nawapapar  puuUahad  In,  and  of 

(unaral  cirealation  In  aald  aounty:  and  that  tha 
Dotica.  af  whtca  tha  aiinasad  la  a  traa  copy,  waa 
pubUanad  fer  —  Maaaeutlva  (day*  ««•)  waasa  In 
laid  nawapapar— commanclng  on  tha  —  tfay  af 
— ,  A.  D. .  fTf. 

Bubaoribad  and  aworn  to  bafota  Ma  thia  — 

day  of ,  A.  D.  — . 

i.V.,yuiikt^tktP»mt*. 

Saa  SMNAVtma. 

iVwUmu.  Jtei»ttamrmt»tmt,t»»€mmnmt€*,  tit. 

fttata  of ,  —  aounty,  aa. 

Ba  It  ramambarad,  thai oa  tka— -day  of — , 

A.  D. ,  bafora  ma,  tho  uudofaifaati,  O.  R.,a 

-  -,  la  a»d  for  M«ld  cauntaf,  MnonaSTapMaroS 
(ocaaa)  B.  T.,  wbo  brtag  ii^  owarii(«r  adUmadL 
d'ipoaaaandaayai 

tl>a  within  — ■,  la  (aor  aba«iiaat  Ola  Biati,  «r  da- 

Thatkaha8«ra«iiantty(aadbaiwataiba day  of 

*nd  the  —  cGnr  of -~— )  aaan  aald  t.  W.  witta. 
lat  ho  ta  wad  acqualntail  with  tka  hudu 


That 
«tlt<agofHitd«.  Wc 

a.'^JSS^rtS'^*-^*' 

witnaaaaa,  la 
ivrl:lagofaaMB. 
Bubaetlbdd  and  awoni  to,  oti. 


la  *o  tafi^ffl'^*VSK?S£Sfl 


JM«t*(«r  CoauMaviaMi)  af —^ -—.  aounty.  aa. 


wa  at*  raalJanta  of  mt  eeoaty  and  Btata.  and 
chat  waara  MMb  of  im  •^^f^SSSt^ 
doUan'boyoad  ttia  ammwt  of  our  <Mta.  asama* 
tkoiu..ai<rhabUlttoa,  and  hava  mmmt'  SSab 

mTO.  *•  •"•~**~  •J*^ «'  •offSSr  ShS; 

Bubaaribod  M«  owom  to  bafcca  «a,tu;~ 
*ayaf— ,A.0r— .  '^^ 

(Stomtmr»mdt0€MiiU»,) 
taaCmuMM. 
iHAaBuaa. 
SaaC 

..SmUmi;'. .»... 

Cnatntti.LA«r. 

"»•.  8ae  llAaniifsL4w. 

SaaPucnca. 

aaaCMMuui.Uw. 


Palay 

»4 


"*i^ 


nsjaBMv.Itat. 
wJdMa.]M:  s( 


>».   v>8io<vAc.'|tyt 


t  u  Wand.  s|9i  gK< 


AmImI  tiM  Wm 
Saa  CumHAL  Law. 


A«almrt  tk«  WIU,    Saa 
Ac*>    Sm  PaaaoHAi.  Rilai 


CaiMiMAi.  Law. 

■LATIOlai. 

A<IB]f<!T.  Saa  AiaioHMBMT ;  ArroauBva;  Con- 
TBAcni  pABTmaaMir. 

AoBNCY  is  a  relation  between  two  or  morr 
penoiu,  by  which  one  party,  usually  cnllcd  the 
agent  or  attomev,  i>  authoriicd  to  do  certain 
acta  for,  or  in  rauttion  to  the  righu  of  propertr 
of,  the  other,  who  i*  denomirtated  the  princhMl, 
Cdoatitnent,  or  employer .t  The  businesa  of^lhe 
agency  mmy  concckn  either  the  property  of  the 
principal,  of  a  third  penon,  or  <4  ine  principal 
and  a  third  penon,  or  of  the  prlnciual  and  the 

Tnt,  but  mutt  not  relate  solely  to  tne  business 
the  agent.  A  contract  in  relation  to  aa 
illegal  or  immoral  transaction  cannot  be  the 
foundation  of  a  legal  agency.' 

The  agency  must  be  antecedently  given,  or 
subaequently  aciopted ;  and  in  the  latter  case 
there  must  be  an  act  of  recognition,  or  an  ac- 
quiescence in  the  act  of  the  agent,  fiom  which 
a  recognition  may  be  bii^  impliMl.'  If,  with 
full  knowledge  of  what  thq  agent  has  done,  the 
principat' ratify  the  act,  (the  ratification  will  he 
equivalent  to  an  originail  authority,  according 
to  the  maxim, "  subsequent  ratification  is  equiv- 
alent to  prior  oommand."*  An  intention  to 
ratify  may  be  presumed  fram  the  silence  of  the 
principal,  who  has  received  a  letter  fttrni  the 
agent,  informing  him  of  what  has  been  done 
on  his  acoQunt.* 

The  authority  may  ^  general  when  it  extends 
tn  all  acts  'x>nnccted  with  a  particular  business 
or  eui^o'-ment:  or  special  wlten  it  is  confined 
to  a  single  ad.*  If  tne  powers  ate  q>ecial,  ther 
form  the  limits  of  the  authority;  if  geitetw, 
they  will  be  mote  liberally  construed,  according 
to  the  necessities  of  the  occasion  and  the  comae 
ot  the  knnsactiaa. 

The  crentioa  of  an  agencw,  when  express, 
may  be  either  by  deed,  in  wnting  not  by  deed, 
or  by  a  verbal  delegation  t>f  authority.*  When 
the  agency  is  not  express  it  may  be  infened 
fnm  Uie  relation  of  the  parties  and  the  natu* 
of  the  employment,  without  proof  of  anr  ex- 
press appddument."  In  moat  of  the  ordinuy 
xnameaom  of  business  the  agency  is  either 
conferred  verbal^,  or -is  implied  from  circum- 
stances. But  wMre  the  act  is  required  to  be 
done  in  the  name  of  the  principal  ay  deed,  the 
Buthoritar  to  the  agent  must  also  be  bv  de«<^ 
unless  the  principal  be  present,  and  verbally  or 
impliedly  anthorue  the  agent  to  fix  hii  name  to 
thedeed> 

Adtftim  «r  ConfirmmtiMt.  As  agency  wtcf 
be  prtmmcd  from  repeated  acts  of  the  agent, 
adMted  and  confirmed  by  the  principal  prtvi- 
ottsly  to  the  contract  in  which  the  question  is 
raised,*  to  Kich  agency  may  be  contumed  and 
establiahed  by  a  subsequent  ntifieatioa)  when 


iiriiMiiiMm 


AGENCY. 


•nv  una  cMitncts  m  aftmt  without  naming  a 
princip*],  hit  acta  enure  to  the  benefit  of  the 
pwrty,  although  at  Ihr  tme  lincertaln  and  un- 
known, for  wliom  it  sb-'l  turn  out  that  he  in- 
tended to  act,  provided  the  party  thus  entitled  to 
b«  principal  ratify  the  contract.'  And,  on  the 
•Ihcr  hand,  if  the  principal  accept,  receive,  and 
hold  the  uroceedt  itr  beneficial  reiulU  of  tuch 
contract,  he  will  b«  estopped  from  denying  an 
original  authority,  or  a  ratification.*  And  If  a 
party  dues  not  disavow  the  acts  of  his  agent  as 
■oon  as  he  can  after  they  come  to  his  knowl- 
ctlge,  he  makes  these  acts  his  own.*  An  a4o|»- 
tion  ol  the  agency  in  part  adopts  aa  to  the 
whole.* 

A  principal  dischantcs  his  agent  from  respon- 
sibflity  for  deviation  from  his  instntctions  when 
he  accepts  the  benefit  of  his  act.'  He  may  re- 
ject the  transaction  altogether;"  and  if  he 
advanced  money  on  goods  which  his  agent 
purchased  in  violation  of  his  authority  he  is  not 
bound  to  return  the  goods  to  the  agent  when  be 
repudiates  the  sale,  but  has  a  lien  on  them,  and 
may  hpld  them  aa  the  property  of  the  agent." 
Bat  he  mutt  i  eject  the  transaction  at  once,  and 
decisively,  as  uxyn  as  fully  acquainted  with  it. 
For,  if  he  delay*  in  doing  thU,  that  he  may 
have  his  chance  ni  making  a  profit,  or  if  he 
perform  acta  of  ownership  over  the  property, 
ne  accepts  it  and  oonfirnu  the  doings  of  the 
iigent.' 

An  MftnC  it  one  who  nndeitaket  to  traiuntct 
iiome  businett,  or  manage  tome  affair,  for  an- 
other, by  the  anthority  ami  on  the  account  of 
(he  latter,  and  to  render  an  account  of  it.' 

The  term  agent  is  one  of  a  very  wide  amtlica- 
tioo,  and  includes  a  great  many  clataei  of  per- 
HHM  to  which  diatincuve  appellaliou  are  given, 
>•  fisctort,  brokers,  attorneys,  cashiers  of  banks, 
auctioneers,  clerks,  supercargoes,  cansigneen, 
ritit>    husbands,  masters  of  shUM,  and  the  like.* 

A  general  agent  is  one  autnairitcd  to  trans- 
act all  his   principal's  business,  or   all  hi» 
business  of  sooe  pinticulat  kind,*  or  at  some 
.putkular  place.*  >. 

r«Hu>.  ft  0.«4»:   J  Bi  ft  C.  9o»:  ii|afl.  •74; 
I  M.  ft  W.  «i«i T hr'ft  B.  ■•■r7il.ft8«L4ts:  S 


Met.  193;  sQ.B.  143J  ifMX.^ii  >4Jiir.u«.   ••1  L. 

,  I  •  OU.  ft  iMt.  .A  J.J :  7  ™l«Jf  •)  "*i 
>9»s  ««^'nd.  tea.   i-uSaSjItWMriSra;:  I 


•  Pkk.i 
How.  iM 

■•aStra. 
iScouN. 


1.  tea. 

,  tail 


«»• 


1:  to  Paig*.  •><:    i<  P«nD.  tlft  l<^ir* 
tk»:  4T:R.»i.:  7B«»t.ii6«]  7i*C.»o; 
.  If.  «$;  13  N.  H.  i45t>  Coast,  m;  <  ■  flek. 


a-iUvom. 


••  aa4^"ail 


Bc«Miy.    ttat,  a  bttw  m  f»ww, of  «ttan«Mt5n: 
tiaaily  tpetei  of  at  the  fefOMl  itematM  fey.whk^ 
aa  afcacv  It  c»ai»4.~Pal«y 
Ib-But  U  it  not  alwam  aat 


i  v«» 
I.  J.      <^'l 
oAm  mad  twway 

lywhS 

(Dualap't  od.)  t  a. 


Palay  Am.  (Dualap't  fd.)  t  •. 

4tt*(miM«Mi  oMiakiwlMMwa  Amt  two  kMtff 

Tto  Bondiato  aU  Ihaif  Mtsoa.  sad  he  it  dM^  Mr 

M^  aar  hm«MU£tt  kitr  &»«•  Orttaat. 


A  special  agent  is  one  authorised  to  da 
une  or  more  special  things,*  in  pursuance 
of  particular  InstructioiM,  or  within  restric- 
tiuns  necessarily  implied  from  the  act  to  b« 
done.' 

The  Importance  of  the  distinction  lias  in  ih« 
rule,  that  if  a  special  agent  exceeds  hit  authur- 
ity,  the  |>rincipal  it  not  bound;*  but  if  a  gen 
eral  agent  exceeds  his  authority  the  principal  ii 
bound,*  provided  the  agent  acted  within  the 
ordinary  and  usual  scope  of  the  business  he 
wax  authorised  to  transact,  and  the  party  dcti 
iiig  with  the  agent  did  itot  know  that  he  ex 
ceeded  hit  authority.'  Any  specific  anlhoriiy 
roust  be  itrictly  pursued ;  as,  for  esaaiple,  one 
known  to  be  the  agent  to  settle  cUima,  and  with 
specific  authority  to  this  effect,  cannot  he  sup- 
po«c<l  to  have  authority  to  commute  them.i 
The  general  rule  is,  as  to  the  public,  that  the 
authority  of  a  general  agent  may  be  regarded 
by  ihem  n  measurtd  by  the  usual  extent  of 
his  employment,* 

ArPOlNTMBNT.  An  agent,  generally,  may 
be  appoinled  by  parol,  and  so  authorixed  to  do 
onytmng  which  do«s  not  require  him  to  execute 
a  need  for  his  principal.'  He  may  be  author- 
ized by  parol  to  make  and  sign  <»>ntracts  in 
writing,  and  may  be  authorised  without  wvitinf 
to  iniuie  even  thoae  contracts  which  afc  tai 
binding  upon  his  principal  unless  in  writing 
signed  oy  nini.1  A  parol  ratification  ia  equiva- 
lent to  an  original  auckority.*  An  authority  is 
presumed  or  raised  fay  imidication  of  Uw,  ou 
the  ground  that  the  principal  has  Justified  the 
belief  that  he  has  givoi  such  authority,  in  cases 
where  he  has  am|Haycd  a  person  in  us  rqinlar 
employment,'  aa,  where  one  sends  goods  to  sn 
auctioneer,  or  to  a  common  repository  room  for 
sale,  tb<!  bailee  has  an  tmpUed  authority  to  sell." 
S'lch  presumptions  frequently  arise  in  the  case 
of  a  wife,*  or  of  a  doR^tic  tkrvant,*  or  of  a  son 
who  has  been  permitted  for  a  conaiderable  time 
to  transact  n  nutlcokr  business  for  bis  iitthcr,' 
as  to  sign  bills,  tic    It  must  be  remembered. 


aral 


Kam  Cms.  6n :  0  a. ...  . .  .^r, . 

S.ftR.}3i:jM«M.iii  sBbm.<i3 
Baa. 4So;  t «*. ft !-"»!_»;•■ 

■fsM  any  IsaMi,  eikstt,  or  laMtast  «^ -^^  -rmrszj 
«icmH««  05s  jaaTto  doiaiioa.  awMhs  aHharissd 


I  on*  aiilbariMd  to  d<i 
il  thingi,*  in  punuaiicc 
itiom,  ar  within  retlric- 
>li«d  from  th«  act  to  b« 

Um  diatinction  Ikt  in  ih« 
agent  cxcceiii  hit  authur- 
not  bound  I*  but  if  a  gen 
*  authority  th«  principal  iit 
«  agent  actad  within  the 
Kopa  at  th«  bvciiMM  he 
inaact,  and  tba  paity  deal 
iid  not  know  that  ha  ex 
'.'  Any  specific  anthoriiy 
lued ;  aa,  tar  evanple,  one 
It  to  wttle  daina,  and  with 
thia  affect,  otanot  bt>  aup- 
orily  to  commut*  them.* 
,  as  to  the  p«iblic,  that  the 
d  agent  may  be  regarded 
d  bf  the  uaual  extent  of 

\n  agent,  generally,  may 
>l,  and  ao  authorited  to  do 
not  require  him  to  execute 
Ipal.'  He  may  be  author- 
ake  and  sign  oontracta  in 
authoriied  without  w^itinf 
I  contracts  which  afc  ttci 
rincipal  unlets  in  writing 
parol  ratification  ia  eqniva- 
ti(kority>  An  authoricy  i* 
by  implication  of  law,  ou  ' 
principal  has  justified  the 
reu  such  aathonty,  in  cases 
fed  a  peiaon  ia  ius  rqinlar 
ere  one  sends  goods  to  an 
Mumon  repotitMT  room  for 
n  im^ied  authoriqr  to  aell." 
rreqaeatly  arise  in  tbe  case 
MRUttic  tirvant,*  or  of  a  ion 
Ited  for  a  conaiderahle  time 
lar  butincM  for  his  father,' 
It  must  be  remembcrad, 


OtiddMlr  t 

dZ«.r'£!?t£2tS^? 
ltd  fa  nvvdMiaittNlrjiaid^ 
liar  itBBMctlM.  »4i  laA  aM. 
I.JU17;  •  Id.  los:  I  bp.  itij  ■ 

•mm.  W.  S07:  «S n.  H.  mI;  h 
ft  r.  Mt-an:  M  ^^-M,' 

b.  C.  C,  4J4!  ««*»*  •*•»  »  B. 
Ml  sBiag.4Mi  itmm.ut: 

'^dttu^KHfid' 

m.i1»;  tPUk.ms  •»"*{} 
thm.  im;  4  J*.  Ab.<o»;  fjl. 

•t;  oVw.  S34-a|ak  Byff*- 
r  rtauds,  an  apml  M  aMiBiar 

i^wQ.  *. 4i»  <ham§' HI 


AGENCY. 


however,  that  an  agent  employed  for  a  tpteM 
uurpoae  derivea  from  this  no  /vMrr«/ authority 
from  his  principal.* 

Many  persona  who  are  disqualified  from  act- 
ing Um  themselvca,  such  a*  infants,  aliens,  out- 
lawn,  snd  others,  may  vet  act  aa  agents  in 
the  execution  of  a  naked  authority.'  Per- 
tons  Htm  (omfos  mtntit  cannot  be  agents  for 
others  t  nor  can  a  person  act  as  agent  in  a 
transaction  whei  in  he  has  an  advene  inter- 
**t  or  employment.*  And  whenevei  the  agent 
iiolds  a  nductary  relation  be  cannot  contract 
with  tbe  same  general  binding  force  with  his 
principal  as  when  such  relation  does  not  exist.' 

Dtl  "^redtrt  Gmmhtim  is  nne  under  which 
an  Mgfsiit,  in  consideration  of  an  additional  pre- 
mium, engagta  to  insure  to  hfai  principdl  not 
wly  the  tolTency  of  the  debtor  but  tbe  punctual 
dischargsirfthe  debt,  and  he  is  liable,  in  the  first 
insrsnce,  without  any  demand  from  llie  debtor." 

AirrHOUTY  ta  the  lawful  delegation  of 
power  by  one  Miaon  to  another. 

ISxpraaa  authority  U  that  given  explicitly, 
«ifher  in  writing  or  verbally. 

Implied  authority  is  that  which  the  conduct 


of  pefson  poasetsii^i^  tbe  power  warranU,  and 
which  the  law  preaames. 
G<>,ieral  authority  it  that  which  authorises 


the  agent  to  do  everything  connected  with  a 
particular  businata.* 

Special  authority  is  that  which  is  eonfined  to 
an  indiviJual  ^anaaction.' 

Limited  anthority  is  that  wher*  the  agent  is 
Ixrand  by  precise  iaMradioas. 

Unlimited  authori^  la  thai  wheiv  the  agent 
1*  left  to  pamw  Ms  own  discretion. 

AuikoritT  coupled  with  an  interest  is  an 
saihdrity  given  to  an  agent  for  a  valuble  con- 
lideratloo,  or  which  forma  a  part  of  a  security. 

NalMd  authority  b  that  where  the  principal 

delegalet  the  power  to  the  agent  wholfy  for  the 
ben^  of  tile  foniMr.' 

The  right  on  th*  put  of  the  agent  to  act  is 
termed  bis  anthority  or  power.  In  tome  in- 
•uncea  the  authority  or  power  moat  be  exercised 
1","^."^  ^  ^  prindpd,  and  the  act  done 
itforhtobraefltaloM.  both«rt.itii««ybeex. 
ecoted  in  the  n«M  of  tb«atint.and  if  the  power 
is  cou[^ed  with  aa  intereat  on  the  part  of  tbe 
agsnt.  It  au^  bo^cMontcd  for  W%  own  benefitjr 

J^'»  Ur  J  J!.  »'2 '  l«  ^^  h  C.  P. 

*:  'story 
Ho.  U  f) 


Pick. 
V-Story 


plavMat:  aaf  fe  etaMt  he  Ua^Sdlv  aavHi 


privais 
wiek 


dtrntTMcHom  p/.  An  authority  Is  to  be  to 
construed  as  to  include,  not  only  all  the  ne- 
cessary and  proper  means  of  executinB  it  wilk 
effect,  but  also  all  the  various  means  which  am 
Justified  or  allowed  by  the  usages  of  trade.' 

D*ltg9liim  of.  •  All  persons,  not  under  legal 
diiabiliiy,  may  delegate  to  another  aulht^ly 
to  act  for  them  in  a  matter  which  is  lawful,  and 
oti  wise  capable  of  being  delegated.*  Hut 
when  a  bare  power  or  authoritythas  been  given 
to  another,  the  latter  cannot,  in  general,  dele- 
gate that  authorltv,  or  any  part  of  it,  to  a  third 
person,  for  the  oovious  reasa;i,  that  the  princi- 
pal has  railed  upon  the  intelligence,  skill,  and 
ability  of  his  agent,  and  cannot  have  the  same 
confidence  in  a  stranger.**  A  power  to  delegate 
his  authority  may,  however,  be  given  to  the 
ogenl  by  express  terms  of  substitution  ;•  and 
sometimes  such  power  is  implied,  us  in  the  fol 
lowing  cases  :  /iVi/.  When,  by  the  law,  such 
power  is  indispensable  in  order  to  accomplish 
the  end  proposed,  as  when  goods  are  directed 
to  be  told  at  auction,  and  the  law  forbids  luch 
sales  except  by  licensed  auctioneers.*  Sec<mt/. 
When  the  employment  of  such  substitute  it  in 
the  ordinary  course  of  trade,  aa  where  it  is  the 
custom  of  trade  to  employ  a  thip-broker,  or 
other  agent,  for  the  purpoae  of  procuring  ft*ighf , 
and  the  like.'  TUM.  When  it  it  understood 
by  the  parties  to  be  the  mode  in  which  the  par- 
ticular thing  would  or  might  be  done.'  Fimrtk. 
When  the  powers  thus  delegated  are  merely 
mechanical  in  their  nature.* 

An  authority  nmy  be  delegated  by  deed  for 
any  purpose  whatever }  for  whenever  an  author- 
ity \ri  parol  would  be  sufficient,  one  by  deed 
will  be  eoually  so.  When  the  authority  is  to 
do  something,  which  must  be  peifcnned  throu^Si 
the  medium  of  a  dM^l,  then  the  authority  mus 
alto  b»  by  deed,  and  executed  with  all  the 
forma  necessary  to  render  the  instrument  per- 
fect ;  unlets,  indeed,  the  principal  be  present, 
and  verbilly  or  impliedly  autluiriae  the  agent 
to  fix  his  name  to  the  deed;  ea,if  nmanbe 
authorised  to  convey  a  tract  of  land,  the  '»f.ar 
(or  power)  of  attorney  must  be  by  deed.!"  Lut 
a  written  anthority  is  not  reqnired  |o  authorise 
aa  agent  to  rign  an  unsealed  paper;  or  a  con- 
tract in  writing  not  under  teal,  ^ren  where  a 
ttatate  make*  it  necetsary  that  the  contract,  in 
order  to  hind  the  party,  shall  be  ia  writing,  ua- 

or  MsrtsB  rtslrictiim.  annoxed  th«rMo,  U  aust  be  ob- 
sarvwL  MhnwiM  tba  |>.l»dpal  is  di.cb«|«|.  P.l,y 
Af.  toy.    M.-K  MjMd  auihoiity  nuy  be  ravoktd;   aa 

S!f*  ^»^  »'^*-  ••»»i  .«  TXmix.h.  I  111.  15.   imi^. 


gfory  Ag.  h  J  tM/Mj,  di.  "AttoTMnrs." 
Wijd.  aiS  J  II  IB.  tyy.    iCom.  big.  M 


Aitf.t.x;  9C0. 


.'•« 

•-Story Ag. 1 13;  iLivonn. 
Ji  i,P««-39o;  3  Story  ( 
15  Plek.  303,907:  mSWcad. 


7»,'/  8loryA|. 

K.M:  a  Kam.  Ceaaai.  633: 

4JI.  tfSS^i  MeMall.  4S31  ij 

!!;?*.•  n' 5% »^-  *fJ*>-J»  "^  »*.*T 


*l*iWi»«8NliWtl«>iiiii 


t;f.t..>«.«j»,...>,^.»^,.,.^.o^^  .^^^^j 


AOBNCY. 


ipioyvr,  in 
Mma  in  bit 


km  lh«    tlMuU  potllivvly  raqutrwi  UmI  lh« 
•ttlhurily  *ht\l  altu  be  In  wHUni;.' 

For  most  purpuM*  tb«  dtlcgmllon  m«y  b«  in 
writing,  not  under  m*1,  ur  vcrUUly,  or  by  lb* 
n»er«  cmt>ioyni«nt  of  an  ■f«ni ;  or  II  may  be 
implied  from  the  conduct  of  the 
Mnctioning  the  credit  to  a  peiton  actli^ 
name.*  When,  however,  the  act  it  re<)iilr«d  to 
be  done  under  teal,  the  dclemMion  mutt  alto 
be  under  teal*  unleta  the  principal  ii  praaeni 
and  vaibally  or  impliedly  authoriiea  the  act.* 

DiiMhttim  */.  In  (eneral,  an  aitlhohty  it 
revocable  fi  s  iu  nature,  «nlcaa  it  it  given  tor 
a  valuable  conaideralion,  ia  part  of  a  tecurity. 
or  coupled  with  an  intereal.*  It  may,  in  gen- 
eral, be  revoked  at  any  moment  before  the 
actual  «<^efctM  of  it  ( *  and  a  revocation  may 
'be  eapraaa  or  implied. 

The  authority  may  be  renovnced  by  the 
agent  befcm  any  part  of  it  ia  Mecatad,  or  when 
it  it  in  part  eiecoted.'  If,  by  the  exnreea 
icrma  of  the  commitition,  the  authacity  of  the 
agent  be  limited  to  a  certain  period,  it  will 
maniftatly  cease  aa  soon  as  that  period  haa  ex 
plrcd.  The  authority  of  the  agmrt  it,  by  the 
liACt  ilsell',  poaitively  determined  by  the  com 
pletioa  of  tlMMtrpos*  for  which  it  was  given. 

Enlmt.  Tm  authority  of  aa  agent,  ualeas 
the  caatniy  elaariy  appeart,  ia  presomed  to  ia- 
elude  aU  tht  necemary  and  wnmI  aiaaM  of 
t'-ucntiBg  it  wiUi  eibct.*  When,  howtvar,  the 
wbole  aalhority  Is  confcrrM  by  a  written  inatni- 
nient,  its  nature  and  exwnt  must  be  aaoertainod 
fiom  the  instrument  itself,  and  caMnlbttn- 
liBved  by  parol  evideaeo^ 

Generally,  in  private  ageaciea,  whan  aa 
lathority  is  glvaa  by  the  piucipal*  to  two  or, 
i«>r«  persona  to  do  aa  act,  and  ao  mftatH 
•  tthoniy  is  giToa,  all  the  ageais  mu^l  ooacur 
ill  doing  it,  ia  ordar  to  buid  the  priadpai, 
lloughoMdioorreiW.*  Thtwofda'^jolatW 
mtd  aavanlly,"  aad  "Joiatly  «r  sevttally,'' 
hiwe  been  ooastrued  as  avthoriaint  aU  to  aot 
iiiatlv,  or  eadi  om  to  act  separatdy,  hat  not 
u  auuioriidDt  aniy  portion  of  IM  namber  to  da 
tha  act  Jointly.*  Butwhci*  the  aulboriqr  i*  ao 
wcfded  that  it  is  apnannt  the  priacipBl  iaiaadwl 
to  giva  powar  la  mther  of  taeai,  aa  asacaiUoa 
by  a  part  wiU  ba  valid.*  Aad  gmandly,  ia 
coBuaerdal  transaetioaa,  each  o«a  of  savarat 
«geats  posssnes  Om  whoia  powar.    Vor  «utai< 


r>PBlarAg. 
Starr  At  * 
Ind.r4- 


^jSjSlH'vJl''  •fly"**!?'  '^^ 

ndiqr A^i^ilf t  fKentriagi.am,!  ajmSkpTc. 


TL4>iLJ0a.  Ml 
lUitlieUinC.f 

m^jitSt  J^J^.^  sTmi'tij^h  t.  atais 


Pw.  t<4 ;  I  Qaaok. 


R 


Kle,  on  a  contignmeni  nf  goodi  for  tale  lo  iwn 
kctort  (whether  they  ara  iwrlncn  or  not)  eatli 
of  ihcm  it  undcrtiiMxl  Iu  iMwxta  the  whole 
powt;  nvsr  the  ^mmU  for  Ine  i>ur|KMiei  of  the 
contignmeni.*  In  (Htbllc  agencie*  an  authority 
executed  by  a  majority  wi'l  be  luAcleat.* 

Where  a  principal  hf*  held  one  out  at  hli 
get  tral  agent,  or  aath  jriicd  panlet  to  to  re 
gard  him  Dy  cuatlaued  acquietceiice  and  con 
finaalion.  the  priBCi|jal  cannot  limit  or  qualliy 
hit  own  liability  by  inttniciioat,  or  timitaliotu 
ven  by  him  lo  his  agent,  nnd  not  made  known 
n  any  way  to  partiet  acting  with  such  agent.' 
And  where  aa  agent  it  cmphnfud  u  trantact 
tome  tpeciAc  basiaaai,  and  only  that,  yet  he 
binds  us  principal  by  such  subordinate  acu  at 
are  neooatafy  to.  or  are  usually  aad  pmperlv 
done  in  coaaacoon  with  the  principal  act,  or 
lo  carry  the  saaM  into  eiiecl.*  And  ha  hat  a 
reaaoaable  discretion  as  to  the  executioa  of  hi* 
authority.*  But  aa  ageat  is  not  at  liberty  tt> 
eierdae  thia  diacretion  ia  the  choica  of  a  nuidc 
of  parforadag  the  duty  impaaed  on  him,  if 
some  other  BK>d&  and  taat  only,  it  fis<(d  either 
by  usage  or  by  tlie  orders  of  his  principal.  If 
he  is  a  gaaaral  agaati  or  if  he  is  a  particular 
ageat,  by  the  priacipal's  orden  alone  t  farlben 
be  mast  adopt  the  verr  ntodo  aad  no  other. 
Aa  authority  to  aall  ooaa  not  cany  with  H 
authority  ta  sell  oa  credit,  ualeas  each  be  the 
usage  of  the  tra.le  s  but  if  there  ba  such  usage, 
thea  tha  agent  asay  sell  o«  credit,  anktt 
specially  faMtractad  and  ntqalred  to  sell  oaly 
for  casli  Aad  if  ba  sella  for  audit,  baring 
no  aallMriiy'to  do  ao,  he  becotaea  peiaonallr 
raspoasttiia  to  kla  principal  for  the  wMa  data.* 
So  is  he  also  if  ha  blenda  Us  acconau  of  hit 
priac^  whk  his  own,  or  takaa  a  aole  pmble 
to  hiiBsaU;>  VITbere  tha  aatkoritv  la  oral  and 
is  known  to  the  party  daallag  wMi  tha  agent, 
naage  mmf  enlarga  aad  afbct  the  aalhorffir  <» 
contrscti  bat  usage  kas  not  this  powtw  wacre 
the  wbtda  aallMiSy  ia  la  writing,  aad  this  it 
kaowa  to  llw  party  dealing  with  tha  agaat,* 
(or  sack  lastiaawnt  mnst  ba  strictly  fsUowed.* 
If  aa  Meat  to  whoa*  gaoda  are  intiaslad  far  a 
partleaCr  pwpoaa»iM|  tha  smm  toapnaon, 
or  ia  a  oMumar  not  wiiUa  Oa  aeopa  of  hia 
aathot^,  Um  priadaal  MqrdHMdfcm  tlia  aile 
and  laoover  the  goodi  of  tha  vondat,  if  W  has 
aot  jaaiiMM  the  vondoa  in  ik^Aavlac  the 


Am.  *.  11}  ate.  Air. ilailti'la  C» « T.  K.  Ma.  I 
IM.  iliTj.  mi  -jrtmt.  s*  lo M.  H.  JTi  I 
mil  MJM.  atfi  I  Im.  ««j  •  n.jm  it^aw.  ^. 


AGENCY. 


ml  of  $oodM  for  mU«  to  twn 
)y  are  partnen  or  nol)  eai  li 
iuimI  Iu  tKMMM  th«  whole 
mil  for  tne  nurpu«e«  of  Ihe 
(Hilillc  aganclc*  an  Authority 
rily  wl'l  be  tuftcitnt.* 
iA  yt  h«ld  one  owl  m  hit 
HlkjrtMd  pMtiet  to  lo  re 
lawd  acqiilMcmic*  and  con- 
i(«l  cannot  linil  or  qualify 

Inalruciiuiu,  or  limilalioiu 
igcnt,  and  not  nuula  known 
In  acting  with  tuck  •gem/ 
nt  b  cmploywl  U  tiamait 
mm,  and  only  thai,  yet  he 
bjr  Mich  twbiHdinat*  acts  u 
r  ar«  waally  and  pMfMrlv 
I  with  tha  pnndpal  act,  or 
into  cOiKl.'  Aim  Im  hat  « 
n  at  to  th«  cJieciilkNi  of  hii 
I  agtal  it  not  at  llbMty  tu 
ion  ia  the  choice  of  a  mode 
dnty  iaapoaed  on  him.  If 
mi  OM  only,  k  fi««d  either 

ofdcn  of  hit  prindiMkl,  if 
it|  or  If  he  it  a  particular 
pal'i  otden  alone  t  for  tken 

nowda  and  no  other. 
laa  not  canjr  wkh  it 
I  credit,  tmlem  iwch  be  the 
bat  if  there  be  MKh  WMgc, 
my  leU  on  credit,  nniea 
ud  rvqniied  to  tell  only 
he  aelia  for  citdit,  having 
■o,  he  becomee  penonnln 
rincipal  for  the  wbole  defat> 
I  bicnda  kte  ■ccanau  of  hit 
iwn,  or  takM  n  note  pamble 
t  the  aMdMrit*  k  nial  end 
irtjr  daaliag  vMi  the  agent. 
and  aflMt  the  aatborter  or 
■  hM  nnl  tMa  pow«  whcit 
f  la  ia  witting,  and  tkia  w 
tf  daaling  with  the  acMit,* 
;  MiHl  ba  ilHctly  fbtlowed.* 
•  goadi  an  iMiwtad  far  a 
t3ii  tka  aaiM  toapwaon, 
01  «llUa  tlMMopa  of  Mt 
jnl  anqr  dteSnn  Hit  aile 
idi  of  tka  vaadat,  if  k*  hu 
vtadaa  in  Mhving  the 

4  jSuHU  «t  i  I  CMMt, 


^^ 


•♦»■ 


aulhorihr  of  Ihe  agent.*  If  the  principal  letU 
giHfdi  by  an  agent,  and  the  agent  nialcee  a 
RLiierial  mi»repreR«niatiun  which  he  l>elicveii 
!•'  Iw  true,  and  hii  iwincipal  know*  to  be  false 
ihi.  li  the  faltehiMMl  of  the  principal,  and 
a».mli  the  aale*  The  acU  of  an  auihoriied 
agent  are  the  acts  of  the  principal.* 

/•Uft-fiM  0/.  An  agent  who  haa  bare  iMjwer 
.*  authority,  from  another,  to  do  an  act,  muM 
rxecute  it  himself,  and  cannot  delegate  hi> 
4uthority  to  a  tub  agent  i  for  the  confideiue 
l*ing  penonal,  it  cannol  be  aaaigne<l  to  a 
-ranger.'  But  the  principal  may,  in  direct 
t"m«,  bUtboriM  hit  agent  to  delegate  the 
whole,  or  any  portion  of  hia  authority  to 
another;  or  the  puwe.  to  appoint  a  .ub  agent 
may  be  implied,  either  from  the  termt  orthc 
oriKinal  authoritv,  from  the  ordinary  cuatoni  of 
ira.le,  or  from  the  fact  that  it  it  Indiapenaable 
in  onler  to  accompliih  the  end.* 

When  the  authority  it  .pedal,  It  mart,  in 
geneial,  be  tirictly  pursued,  or  it  will  be  void 
unlua  the  variance  be  merely  circumaiantial :  • 
a^  if  it  be  to  do  an  act  upon  condition,  and  the 
•gtnl  doea  It  abaolately.it  ..  void;  and  vict 
'^H^JL^  pawon  do  let.  than  the  authority 
conoyttad  to  him.  the  act  U  void ;  but  if  he 
d«w  thai  whkh  ha  ia  aath(»i«»d.  and  more,  it 
k  good  for  that  which  ia  warranted,  and  void 
far  the  reat    Both  of  thete  rule.,  however, 
kave  many  excepliona  and  limitation*.*    An 
authority  given,  by  the  act  of  the  principal,  to 
two  or  man  pnaona,  cannot  be  executed  by 
one.  though  one  die  or  refuse;'  it  beinc  in 
wch  caae  oonttmad  atrictiy,  and  uadentood  to 
he  loint,  and  not  aaveral."    And  an  authority 
given  to  three,  /timify  mhJ  $wiralfy,  is  not,  in 
general,  well  eKecuted  by  two ;  but  It  mutt  be 
'l«.ne  l7  mie,  or  by  all.t    The.e  rules  amjy  to 
an  authority  of  a  private  nature,  saving  in  com- 
moicial  MinaaGtioaa,  which  form  an  exccpUon. 
Where,  however,  the  aathtmty  ia  of  a  public 
nature,  it  aay  ba  executed  by  a  B»jority./ 

Where  an  agent  ia  authorixed  to  make  a 
contiact  for  hia  principal  in  writing,  it  must,  in 
KeMral.ba  panoply  signed  by  fim.»  It  is  a 
n«Ie,  that  an  act  done  under  a  power  of  at- 
torney mnit  be  doMTia  the  name  of  the  peiKm 
who  givea  Um  power,  and  not  meiehr  b  the 
... ., u- ._. ^  deacribed 


oiomay's  naaM.  tlM«i|^  the  latter  ba  deacribed 
«  attoratiy  in  tlw  iaatnutents'  bat  tt  matters 
not  m  what  wotda  it  is  done,  \t  it  snffidently 
appear  to  be  ia  the  Aame  of  Ihe  principal.^ 

<>  Plea- J4ri  asfii  aa  Id 


I 


i?'  '"U  l?Ms  V    '"••)  **»iJ  WtaicJfc  jw  Id.  I 
•P:  9 1». H.  afe  ,%.  tjix'Wer  "A.  8."  (&^ 


1  he  strict  rale  of  law  in  thi.  retpecl  appllet. 
however,  only  to  aealed  in.trunirnt.;  ami  the 
rule  ii  further  modified,  even  in  such  cataa 
where  the  aeal  is  not  etaential  to  the  validilv 
of  Ihe  intiruraent.*  ' 

An  authority  mutt  be  exercised  within  the 
lime  limited.* 

/lutntdiM,!  or  orders  given  by  a  principal  to 
ma  agent  in  relation  to  the  butineat  of  the 
agency  must  be  carefully  complied  with. 

An  agent  with  inatructlont  i*  bound  to  reirard 
them  in  every  point;  nor  can  he  depart  "rom 
hem  without  making  himself  re.pon.lble  fur 
the  conaequence.,'  unless  he  i.  juMi5cd  by 
uialter  of  nece«iity.t  If  he  ha.  no  fnstructiona, 
"'11.    J  **  »*^'»'  'nttruction.,  his  duty 

will  depend  upon  the  intention  and  under- 
jtanding  of  the  parties,  which  may  be  gathered 
from  the  circumttance.  of  the  case,  and  espe- 
cially from  the  general  custom  and  UMige  in 
relation  lo  that  kind  of  butiueta.k  But  he 
cannol  defend  himself  by  showing  a  conformity 
to  usage,  if  he  hat  disobeyed  potitive  Inttnic- 
Hon,.  If  ioM  issue  from  bis  disregard  to  hia 
Instructtons.  he  must  luauin  it;  if  nrofii,  he 
cannot  retain  It,  but  it  beiongi  to  hit  principal  • 
JutMcatum  of.  The  authority  given  mutt 
have  been  poatetsed  by  ibe  person  who  dele- 
gates it.  or  It  will  be  void;  and  it  mutt  be  of  a 
thing  lawful,  and  be  otherwise  capable  of  beina 
delegated,  or  it  will  not  juuify  the  person  to 
whom  it  is  given.*  Thi.  power  is  the  authority 
by  which  one  person  (called  the  donor)  enables 
another  (called  the  donee)  to  do  some  act  for 
mm.     It  IS  derivative  or  Inherent. 

Pim*ri—-D«rimti»t  are  thoae  received  from 
anoiher.  When  coupled  with  an  inteiett  it  it 
a  right  or  authority  to  do  aome  act,  together 
with  an  interett  In  the  matter  on  which  the 
power  U  to  be  exerdted^  Thit  kind  of  a 
power  turvives  the  person  creating  it,  and  in 
case  of  ita  excess  in  execution,  renden  Ihe  act 
valid  so  far  as  the  authority  extenda,  leaving  it 
void  as  to  Ihe  remainder  only.  N»kiil  powtrt 
are  those  rights  of  authority  disconnected  from 
any  interest  of  the  donee  in  the  sutgject-matter.* 
iMkermt  or  Mafir»l  powers  are  thoae  enjoyed 
by  their  potscsaors  by  natural  right,  not  having 
been  received  from  anoiher.  Such  are  the 
powers  of  a  people  to  esublish  a  form  of  gov- 
ernment; of  a  father  to  control  hia  children 
The  exercise  of  some  of  thenf  powers  are 

5lllV!H.^V*M  "*f~')'i!  ''•""•cl"-:  Story 


"  Pick.  56;  17 


Ctaach.  4i»-«»i  I  WasR^C.  C.  4H:  3  "•  $5,- 4 1* 

iSlory.41;  lA. 


J«3 


M:  3  Jotas.  Qm.  36:  3  Plor.  >7; 

Km;  4  Wiig.«6-7.i  J  Iiwi.  C 

»«.    «-4  BtaB.^! :  I  llvarm.  Ag. 

4«j:  >o  A.  ft  C  af:  <  If.  ftwT 


iSMry.M;  aA.gi 
S3«;  7  HUI  <N.  Y.) 


}.  B.  }0Si  10 


,,  --a.mC.ita,    1-4 Ca«D.  ila :  I 

»  Ugh. ..»  Ti  wiini^.'"V.J 


fa 
,t   1 


f 


■ma 


mmmmmmm 


AOIN(^. 


r*i;ul«t*i4  »n<l  r«ilrkl««l  Hy  l«W.  MtitMt  {»r 
Itti0r4ima{')  p*w*ri  «•*  tlwwe  tB«:»«<€m  U»  ••*♦ 
m«ry  pnw«r'«  giv««  f  v  •  print ij»l  u.  hto  ■fvni. 
Thu*.  »«  if^nf  •ut>k>rU«<i  u»  p«f«*w  certain 
«ru  hai  power  Co  ewpUiy  •»  ••«•  inridtuM  to 
hl«  aulht.riiy  U.  »ccoi«|ili«h  ihd  ihiitR  lnttnd«d. 
rh*  ganarai  aurluTitv  given  to  coll«»t,  rtc  -i  -e, 
and  par  <»«b«  a««  r>y  or  to  hti  prmcip  i«  v 
itrintarv  |>.>war.  In  oitl«r  to  accompltah  »  lia  <« 
U  fre.  1  ly  naceaury  to  »««ll«  aceodnta,  a.lji»at 
4t»ptti«<l  >  lalina,  rw*'*  unjuai  <lemami«,  and  tic 
fend  *ult».  rhwie  .uUHTilwrta  i>«»w«f»  an 
called  mediate  power*.* 

Kalifiui'  m,  w*  ti  txjirawi,  •»  thai  ma<l<  In 
open  and  •  •  prwt  larma.  Implied  rall^nt  i»fl 
la  thai  whkh  the  law  prc«umea  Uvm  the  acta 
of  the  principal :  lh«a,  if  A.  huya  pKxU  for  B., 
and  the  latter  knowing  of  the  pvrchaae  recelvei 
ihcm  and  appllea  thmn  to  hi*  own  um,  the  law 
will  prtaume  R.'a  aaaent  tn  the  purchase  By 
nMifytng  a  contract  a  p«r<M>n  adopt*  the  agency 
•Itngather,  a*  well  wliat  ia  «l«triai«ntal  aa  that 
which  ia  heneAchkl.i 

The  prlnM,!al  haa,  aa  a  general  rale,  the 
right  to  elect  whether  h*  will  adopt  an  unaulhor- 
Ited  act,  or  not ;  having  once  ratified  i  le  at?t, 
upon  a  ftill  knowledge  of  all  the  material  cir- 
Cttnulancea,  the  ralHlaUkNi  cann<4  be  revokeil 
or  rec*lle<l,  and  the  prifici|NU  becHne*  boand 
as  if  ha  had  ortginMlv  Mtnorited  the  ad." 
The  rslificatioi^.  of  •  Utjvful  conlnKt  ha*  a 
retnupective  ellfact,  and  binda  the  principei 
from  it*  date,  ud  not  only  from  the  time  of  the 
retifintion,  for  the  ratificelion  ia  eqmlvaleni  tu 
an  original  nihlhority.*  Such  ratlncatlaii  will, 
in  Moeral,  relieve  the  agent  from  Jl  rmponsi- 
biliif,  when  he  woiUd  have  otherwiae  been 
liable.*    See  CoNTKAcn. 

RiMgmHitm  is  the  adinowledgment  or  avcwal 
\\vA  lomething  which  baa  been  done  t>y  one 
patMM  in  the  name  of  mother  waa  done  bjr 
aathority  of  the  latter.  A  recognition  by  the 
princifMl  of  the  agency  of  another  %  In  the 
particnkr  inalancc,  evidence  of  the  aiMhority 
of  the  uent;  and  thk  recognition  may  be  «i- 
pram  or  Implied.* 

Rtvtmtitm  ia  recalling  or  revohtog  aa 
atithority  conferred,  or  the  annulling  or  vaca- 
ting of  an  inatrament  conferring  a  power 
prvviouly  made.  The  principal  may,  at  any 
time,  pnt  an  end  to  the  reineioa  between  Mk- 
tdf  and  his  agent  by  withdrawing  tlM  aithotlty. 
unletw  the  atrtnoiitv  :s  coupled  with  an  inta«>^, 
or  given  fcr  a  vaiudtle  oomiikHration.*    And 

* £■!.••«!  tiVMmlXM    •'II  iVai.ai. !■»;  flWlii 
Vefeh.l..tk>:8MryAg.  I  •*»:•>■*€. 
%,  I  .,».  #^  XillW.  M.)  .n 

I..  »9f.     M^rMli.  Ok.  «i»  :•>.»«»■»•  M»S 
«ja;  s  Barr.  afay;  aj.  Bl.  aaj:^  i  B.  m.r. 


loha* 
Bouv.  laat.  sf 


Caa.  4a4:a, 


i(g.  G*h  Ed.)  iM;'B»oeai.  Mas.  yij;  a 
;  a  Kam  Caana.  %^;  *■%  Pick. 


Ihi*  ciMinlermand  may,  in  general,  el  the  mn* 
will  of  the  iwinclpal,  \m  «tfKte<i  at  any  iini<> 
before  the  contract  i*  cii<n|iicir>l,'  even  ituitiKh 
there  lie  an  eiiweaa  aKiffimneni  not  to  rev.Ar 
Hut  when  the  authority  or  power  U  cuupiinl 
with  an  interest,  or  when  it  Is  given  fur  • 
valuaUe  considerattim,  or  when  It  is  i.  'lart  uf 
security,  then,  unleia  there  la  an  ek(>re«k  tii^xi 
lation  that  it  shall  )«  revocalUe,  it  cannot  \w  rr 
v>4ed.*  Unir**  the  powvr  (provides  a  ^|iriih< 
nMfdc  of  revtwallon  (in  whe  h  caM  It  mii^i  \» 
strictly  f»lluwe(l)  it*  auibority  may  be  rrv..kri| 
in  any  form  the  constituent  or  (Mlnvi|  <l  nu* 
adop<>  Where  third  |«rtie*  have  ileilt  wiiii 
an  agvnt  clothed  with  general  power*.  wht»t 
acts  have  therefore  bound  his  princiml,  ai«t 
the  principal  revtAes  the  auiluwiiy  ha  fs*« 
his  agent,  such  principal  will  continue  tu  l«r 
bounJ  by  the  further  acU  of  hi4  uent,  unl«« 
such  third  partiea  iMve  knowledge  of  ih« 
revocation,  i>r  unleaa  ha  does  what  hr  can  %» 
make  the  revocation  na  notorious  and  i^cnenily 
known  to  the  world  as  the  fact  of  the  agency ' 
This  is  usually  done  by  adveitisiiis. 

Nttktd  funv^rt  m»t  €om^4  win  m»  mttttti 
may  always  be  revoked  oy  the  esprcwi  *it  of 
the  conatituent  or  principiti  whenever  Ite  lo 
elects,  he  being  bound  by  all  the  acta  <if  the 
agent  until  notice  <>f  the  revocalltm ;  until  tucii 
notice  the  agent  is  entitled  to  comDematioa 
and  indemnity  for  all  act*  done  and  Uabilille* 
incwred.  The  act  of  revooallon  ia  merely  pra^ 
viakmal  and  ciMitingenl  until  notice  is  coik 
municalnd  to  the  agent.*  Third  nerMMu  wbu 
iImI  wldi  Om  agent  before  notice  i>f  the  rev<> 
cation  of  hia  puwen  are  w*  aflbcied  Inr  it.* 
But  strangers  who  have  never  deaK  with  the 
agent  before  the  revucatluit  of  hia  powers.  If  ihr 
ptineipal  has  given  public  notice  of  the  rcvoc* 
tion  in  such  a  manner  as  to  render  the  hct 
generally  known  in  the  vinnlty,  will  have  no 
i«nedy  against  tnch  princlfial.*  Where,  how 
ever,  the  power  was  confmed  in  writing,  aixl 
the  agent  retains  and  eahibits  it  as  the  evldencr 
of  bki  authority,  so  that  strangen  are  (sirlv 
jaetified  in  belifving  in  its  oontmance,  kaviaf 
no  adequate  mean*  of  knowledge  of  its  revo 
cation,  the  act*  of  the  )igent  will  bind  (Ik 
pttacipaljr  ii  is  a  (|«estian  of  fact  whcdwr. 
under  all  the  drctinisiance*.  a  party  is  |u*lifiid 
in  suppoung  the     ithority      U  oonlinnes.* 

An  agent's  autiiorily  teruKnsMa  by  the  bank- 
riiptcy  of  either  the  principal  or  the  sgeiit,'  I 
though  not  necesswrily  by  the  bankruptcy  of  the 

^  jC.  ».Im:  tlM.  »  ^«»o..  »-lC>©rC.»M 
seii  I  Uvena.  Af.  mt  IJsley  Af.  jHl  marv  AtJ 
«•*.  tfc.    artery  Agri  ^fCyTi  » tJ»«»-  M  »^'  I 

4Caapbwais.  v-i  PiwMiwCoair.  jf  and  Mats;  <Im> 

ai.  W-t  Sir.  |i«!  «T.R.*jt-eM;  iaQ.IM<»;  « 
imph.  sis;  I*  Med.  y/k;  «  MimC  tjai  |  BlaiijW: 
■^  II  TU.  H.  iMt  *  K«"- 

:  II  Ad.  anl.  A, » 

_        _      _  .  ».  *»:  Dav.  DIsl.  Ct-  s*?-  T 

XX  N.  H.  M.    »ta  0    *«•»,»*  1^  ^Ti\ 

Am.  aad  aMS{  4  xfeMtt.  $441  «*  nM<  sf* ;  '  >'  •  I 


$«3i  «T  Mo.  soti. 
Ceair. 


!i.^-"' 


AOINCY. 


•y,  In  gtiuntt,  •!  Ik*  mn* 
tl,  Im  ttftcl««l  M  uny  llm« 
It  C(im)>l«<e>i/  av»n  ihiiuKk 
t  •ntxviiMnt  nai  to  ravokr 
oritjr  or  power  b  cuupM 
Mr  wh«n  it  U  givaii  for  • 
Um,  or  wiMta  ii  >*  k  ■Mtt  oi 

•  tiMrt  l«  M  «>^«rew  ali^ju 
«  ravctcikliUi,  It  canmit  Ik  r* 
«  powrt  fJTOvUiM  •  «|>rrifi( 

I  (in  wht<  )i  CAM  it  miM  h« 
I  nuiboriiy  may  be  n-vi>kti| 
m»iitu«nt  or  |irtnvi|«il  m.ir 
r<l  |i«rtte9  k«v«  (laall  wiili 
riih  (cnaml  pow«n,  wh<iM 
>  bound  hl»  princimi,  an<l 
m  th«  •uilviirity  nc  fnv« 
nctpal  wilt  cuftiinM  tu  Iw 
tr  Mil  o(  Hm  •««nl,  unl<!M 
Iwkvt   knowledge    of   ike 

•  h«  doM  what  llw  can  ta 
I  ««  notoritHi*  and  gciwrally 
.  ai  lk«  fact  nf  (h«  agrncy  • 
I  by  advartUinc. 

«/  t»m*k4  wtM  «M  m/emt 
okad  by  the  viprma  mI  o( 
principal  whenever  be  to 
lund  by  all  lh«  act*  iif  the 
f  tb«  iwvocation ;  aniil  Mtck 
I  •nfitlcd  to  conMButioi 
all  acta  dtine  and  Wiililt»« 
of  revocation  la  meraly  pro- 
iigcnt  until  notice  is  cmk 
tgant.*  Thifd  •wnnru  who 
t  baforc  Botica  of  ih«  rev<»^ 
in  art  n«M  aflectad  bf  it.' 
have  never  dealt,  witn  tKc 
ucatiun  of  hia  power*,  if  ihr 
public  iKHit  •  of  lk«  revoct 
intMT  ■•  to  raBd«r  ^e  fact 
I  th*  rictnily,  will  kave  no 
b  principal."  Where,  bow 
tt  conMred  !■  writing,  ami 
)d  mMMM  it  ■>  Om  avidenn 

0  ikat  atrMMft  are  birly 
If  in  iti  cmttHNnnce,  kavinc 

1  of  knowMfe  of  iti  rrvo 
.'  Ih«  ag«M  will  bind  ikt 
a  4«e«(kMi  of  fact  wbetker, 
Mtanceo.  a  puty  it  fmlUM 
itkority  11  ooMtiftttM* 
Miij  ttrt«inMU»  by  tbe  bank 
he  principal  or  th*  agent,' 
rilybythabMkrapleyoftbc  | 

tA.tn  M  N.  H.  •»:  iCmw 


If! 


■•^    Ctiai  •( 
l1rr«d.«!«^5^t4*i  : 

"N.H.JW.  «tO.B.}j; 
n  CoMi.  ffani  nain :  6  M 


I T.  K.  ati-eM;  hQ.  B.  4<a: 

■  ciMd:  ti  A<i.  ant.  A,*! 

"0.    B.  4<»    aHi  Ibm  CW 
laML  j^j  t<  *a»t-  *  :  '  B.  •  I 


kll«r>    Where  th«  agent  ha4  a  lien  ft  may  be 
tuinnrti  in  the  nitine  of  tbe  aaaignee.* 

The  antkorily  „f  an  .i^nt  may  be  ri^vukad 
It^ (ifflith  4f  either  prtncipej  or  atg^ni*  In  k«»# 
<ift  naked  authuritv  |ii«  death  of  Iha  principal 
Ktminalca  the  aulhonly  of  the  agent  by  ibal 
eitnX  llMilf.  and  wilhual  no«iL-c  eithe*  Vt  the 
i(tR(  nrth<we  wirh  whom  he  'leali.  At^%  done 
in  jfKwl  Mlh  In  diariMrge  of  the  agent'*  dulv 
k«tof«  knowledge  of  il  (leaih  of  hi*  fmncipnl. 
■hI  which  enure*  to  »,  bciieAt  «>f  the  («tnc|. 
^'i  mlate,  are  Nnding  u|)nn  hU  jwrwMial 
ir))r(«enlallve«.*  Where  (he  agent  I.  *«  enlerr.l 
wpm  (he  biMlnc**  or  incurred  eapcnae*  be  i- 
(milled  to  r»ni(M-nialion.'  \i,.i  if  he  ha*  in 
corrr-i!  liabiUtie*  he  ia  enlitled  to  indemnity  • 
pr,«rr<  coupled  with  an  inlereat  which  are  n- 
«»(..  able  by  the  act  i>f  tho  itiincipal  during  hi^ 
li/«,ii-e,nrv«rtlticl««a,  annulleil  by  Um  death,  * 
lit  M  any  act  in  Km  name  i«  concerned.*  Joint 
iHikoritv  by  two  penon*  tcrminateti  by  tht 
ilMth  of  one  of  them.* 

A  "xnpletc  exerwiion  of  the  lru«( ,  or  accom- 
[Jinhnumi  of  ih.'  btuincM  or  «.!deTUki!!jj, 
(lycnlee  an  estlnguiahment  of  authority/) 

The  agency  may  terminate  by  the  exiiiratiim 
ofllfcr  iwriod  whuh  it  was  to  eaitt,  and  to  have 
cfevt  m.  if  an  agency  \»  created  to  ettdurn  • 
)mr,  or  uMil  the  happeni  -  of  a  contingency, 
Il  b«K.<MD«a  ealinct  at  Ihr  nd  of  the  year,  or 
ikr  happening  of  the  contintcency.* 

The  ealincti«>n  or  de*lnictW<n  of  the  »uh|<c«- 
mtiter  of  the  agency  >l«MKr/«  with  it  the  power 
luaccompliah  tfie  result  intended.' 

The  authority  of  iki  agent  may  be  i«voked 
hj  ihe  incapacity  of  cither  |>rinci|Ml  or  agen' 

Iin«nity  either  of  tbe  principal  or  agent 
irrnimatea  ih«  agrncy."      Bui  third  pcraom, 

«nt  of  the  facv  of  inaanitr.  and  whoae 

ujntiiict  with  the  agent  it  fair  and  jtut  will  be 
pn)tnied.»  An  inqniiition  of  Inaai  i*  cm- 
«ii  ive  notice  to  all;«  and  Ihe  imioisition 
'  >  <img  the  baaiaof  the  eaouniafilcHi  ia  allow-d 
lo  intedaM  Um  finding  o(  tho  liwapMity,  in 
which  CMM  it  wovM  pr^wbly  throw  the  bmden 
of  pr  jof  en  tbo  other  party  If  the  power  con- 
fer ar  intowt  upon  tbe  tu{enl  wlkich  in  be 
mftirced  in  his  aaaM,  inaani^  wiP  not 
u  *  revocation, 

LoM  of  Um  priadptl'i  ia^ortst  opentiM  as  • 
'f*'>catioo.» 

i  h«  BMutiaft  eif  •  /mt  loit  termiaalM  her 
pnwei  eldi«r  ai  prindpal  or  a|(eiit,»  though  not 
neceiMarily  to.' 

When  the  attth<»ity  haa  bacn  puttally  «m- 

«ted  by  tho  ocont,  if  it  admit  of  tevrrance,  or 

of  beii^  revdted  as  to  the  part  which  is  un- 

bSionr  Ac.  M  4*s.  |M:  H  Mod.  jiji  t  Burr.  i4<», 

•.Wine,,  ^j  »  M.  ft  W.  ,  •  S^  At7*ll:  ,  rS. 

Ki   Cl.   *,i  Ke.  Akr.  .4w«IWr^  (£).    v-Chlity 

!F^*ii.  iiy;«tosr  js«j|Wh«at.  im:  allSit.  Coaua. 
M.ille.  i4;Fjac.  •.Ch.  uj.  f-e KtM  t^ona. «4S : 
y."*';**  i-StoryAc.|«»j  SioryB*aai.|ag7:i 
B^i»  !wl.  s«.  ss.  k«onr  Ag.  )  4fc.  l4  K«i<t 
Lontm  <4S,  aM]  cane*  clltd  In  aeie.    |B-t«  N- H.  ij*. 


:  operate 


eaecvlod.  It  may  he  rv*<Aed  aa  t»  liM  |>Mt) 
Irtii  If  II  be  not  thai  •everahle,  nn<l  <k«  agMl 
by  its  eiecnlion  In  pan  will  (Malum  dainagv,  M 
<  unnol  be  revoked  as  to  Ikw  une«e«ui*d  nait, 
unless  Ih4  a||««(  lie  Ailly  l«<lsmnllW<i  •  l1kkl 
revocalifNi  may  lie  by  a  formal  dMlarallttn  puh. 
Ill  ly  made  known,  or  an  infunital  wndng,  w 
i'y  iwroli  or  II  may  be  impiietl  IWmm  tlrvan»- 
Miincaa,  aa.  If  auolher  perann  It*  an"<<«i«^l  Iw 
•lo  the  same  act.*  It  laka*  e4l»««  fr«m  (he  lime 
it  Is  made  known,  and  mil  before,  b«<k  w 
regards  Ihe  S)j«*>t  and  third  perwins,* 

The  detrrmiitaliun  mav  be  Vry  the  renvnria 
lion  i<f  the  agent  eilh«r  Wfor*  or  af^  a  |<«tt 
.if  the  SKlhiirily  »s  esecutwl  i  •  li  shoald  be  .i». 
*erv»id,  h<iweveT.  that  if  Ihe  t«nunciail«w  Im 
ms<le  after  the  authority  haa  been  paitlally  *%%• 
>ulcd,  Ihe  ageni,  by  renouncing  it,  be<>imea 
linMe  f'w  the  damagen  wMch  asay  Ihtietiy  hi 
ou.rained  f^  his  |.rinclfial,»  m^  ^  opemtkM  «f 
lj«  .  Ill  various  wa) 

/iMMVi  t-iw^AW  wiik  mt  Mkeetf  an,  In  g««t' 
er»l,  no!  r,  v.Kable.  Being  imMfermI  a|»i« 
consideraii^^,  a  piMrtr  h.  ««  mmn  rwmcanle 
than  any  «nher  conli s,  r  ■  Whene^wr  the 
|M/we.'  conCen  an  Interest  In  the  Milled  nt<iu«r 
only,  and  not  In  the  raavlla,  and  ca«talit«ie«  *n 
essential  p*rt  of  a  i««.iirfty  «pon  IIm  Ruih  of 
which  money  or  tu  Her  thlMg  hiM  bee«  advam^ 
or  liability  imurrvd,  It  Is  not  rtvnca^<>»  «v*n  Sty 
the  dmh  of  ihe  nrtiicipol.  but  may  lie  tll»r»> 
after  executed,  where  It  cam  Ul  d«*W«  w*»h«»Ul 
Ihe  uae  wf  '  name  of  the  principal.*  Ilie 
crmsignee  •<  voodn  fw  sale  wh«  has  inrarreil 
Uabiltiy  or  made  advances  upoe  the  faiih  \4  iht 
consignment,  acqniros  a  powe<-  tit  mW  whit  h, 
to  the  a  stent  of  hia  Interval,  is  nm  iwticabhr  «w 
iittfaject  ti>  the  eantr<ol  of  Ihe  nmrngnnr  '  Mul 
if  ordors  arc  glvwi  by  Um  conaigfiar  c<mle«n' 
porraaoosly  with  UMConaigaaMOl  and  mI«m««^ 
in  ranrd  to  the  tim*  ami  node  of  sak,  a«4 
which  trr  either  oxpruMljr  or  tmpli«4l*,  m. 
senlcd  to  by  the  eonalgweo,  he  is  mN  at  libsny 
If  depaurt  ftrom  thon  aAorwMd.  ll«t  if  no  in> 
siiuctione  ar*  gi«««  at  tho  tint  of  ihe  oniMign. 
ment  and  advstfcea  the  htgnl  pMsuinpMan  «• 
that  the  consi|{tiec  has  the  orddMiy  right  nf  li  - 
tort  to  mU  according  to  the  oaifW  nf  tni<  t 
and  tho  cmot^  duty  of  factors.  In  tho  eaeiv  t»« 
of  a  aomd  dhcretion,  and  r«i»hiirM  tho  ad< 
vance«  oiM  of  tho  pn^tceeds,  kod  that  ikia  ii||hi 
ia  not  (objoct  to  tho  latorfe>«MO  or  MMriNi  «f 
tho  conal|iAor. 

A  plodf^  of  poraoad  propoity  to  aocor*  tK» 
liabUitiea  td  Im  pledgor,  with  as  oaprem 
power  of  aal«,  conwrs  sucn  an  >nt«f«al  In  iht 
sub|ect-in*ttet  that  it  will  not  tio  ivvohttl  by , 

■•s   K*nl.  Canai.  64J      •>Ckhiy  Camr.  •*«,  sa4 
aotss,  cPsrIilas    Kd.)   tHo.     »>t   Rait   Akr.    ui 
Amlktritf  (t    n.  4):  W   Joasi,  jM;  j  tm*,  m. 
Kern,  rumsi    "  "  " 

M.  la   .Mod 


^■Sssty 
»4»l. 


!l''  "bmt  VL.  I, 
mm  •441  it  }t.  H. 


I  to;  >  KitaicoaiR  1441  11 
4»*.    v-SwryAs    I4M:  Je 
4.    sr-i  ParMMw     <tm.%t.i 


v-Sio»y  As    }  4»i :  Jena 
I  ParwMM    <tm.  %t.  and 

H4,  a«d    iMMe*  (iotiiim  M,  llfcu;  e  V 
x-i  CsiM*  C<k>    i.  %  %  £.  C.  V,  1^ 


X-i  l.aiBS>  <-ii9.    i;   3  B.    ci   «..  *4a,  illi  ■  KM,  < 

s6|i  fCaaipb.  97t;  irMass.  s)4-    JM^ruT^^ 


AOINCV. 


Im  4«atll.'  !•<  •  I01WOT  tn  ptaiif*  «iut  MlJ  Ilia 
fmxpmty  ti  •  e«MMlll«<n(,  •n>l  fr>im  il»«  avalU 
hi  nrtmbuna  Mlvaiic**  mail*  m  linlttllikn  tn 
MrfMl  by  IIm  Atili"'')!**,  la  mM  ••■  nmfilail  xiilli 
Ml  IMMWI  M  In  lia  r««<iriabt«  i  Th*  inUrmI 
MMM  Mlil  tn  »h«  ••bj«et  m«H«f  at  th*  pnm«r, 
mm!  imI  niortly  ><i  lK«  rvtuli  o<  !(•  •■•»••«,  i>> 
twew—  lrr«vfiMM«.*  tian-n.  If  rm*  g|¥«  « 
latter  <4  r.fa«lll  •<(<r*almg  in  accafK  b(ll«  to  a  ««» 
Utn  amownt  wilkin  a  Uililla*!  (Ima.  (Im  Itftar  i< 
r«ir«lia<l  tiv  dMik,  and  Mlit  <lrawn  ailtr  )hc 
daalli  aiwt  hafora  kntirtalarfia  Ihataof,  raaehmg 
ilM  draarwr,  MniMit  ha  •»>iorcad  ««ajii*(  tha 
aalaia  of  Mich  iWcmwhI  paHjr '  Allcwtiract* 
which  ara  It*  <>a  taaoiUwd  in  :.««  nama  »f  )ha 
ctMiMUMMi  or  nindiw)  bf  "irtN*  *n  agancy, 
alilMMgli  IbnMMg  an  aaamlial  p  <>f  a  •acvrtiy 
•pan  iVa  (allk  of  whteii  advaiMct  hava  !>«•  - 
Nm4«,  an  of  nacaaaltt  ravokait  bf  Iha  daaih 
of  Iht  aoiMttt«anl.  Kv«n  •  aramnt  of  alt<irt»^ 
W  eunlHa  jadfmant.  aklKMich  not  ravmaMa 
by  tiM  aol  M  Um  party,  i«  ravokad  by  hli 
rfaath. 

DtrrtM  AND  LiAMUTtM.  TIm  paHkwIar 
iib)%aii6«ia  of  AH  aganl  vary  In  w6*m4tui«»  tw  ih« 
aatuf*.  tcnua,  am  aiMl  of  hia  •wj  loyawni  * 
lit  k  oam»d  to  aiMSIa  the  ordan  oi  hto  prinrl 

e,  whanatrar,  far  •  fslaaya  con«Maratton,  ha 
uMlartakaa  to  paHbrm  tham.*  Whan  !ii* 
•^thority  U  HmiMHl  by  MMtr«cll«MM  It  la  hl«  <ivty 
t»  idbara  (aitbAilly  to  llMaa  InMracttofMi*  tmt 
tijmm  of  astraNM  moawlty  and  MnforaMan 
•in«rK«ncy  LUMlkuU  MUJtplioM  to  ihia  nilas> 
■rid  whara  tha  agaM  la  r«i|«irad  to  do  an  an- 
laarfal  or  an  iiMMnd  aiX*  ha  wtm  vMata  hU 
li  itnuitkNM  wKh  laHwnily.'  If  na  bnvo  n<> 
•I  ladAc  Inatnicttona,  M  rnuud  follonr  tht  aecm- 
i<«»ad  oMtraa  of  (ho  bniinaw.*  Whm  iho 
•  ananelion  BMnr,  wtth  o^pMl  ndvoa^tgo  to  tha 
pHndonl,  bo  oona  In  two  or  aort  dMnont 
#ayt,tlM  agont  NMir,hi  gawind, do U  in  eithor, 
ftvMti  o  putiralMr  mtido  boa  not  bam  pn- 
a  iHbtd  to  hl«.»  Ho  li  to  oaanHao  tho  diill 
»Nipicqrod  by  patMiM  of  oooinhmi  eamct^ 
hinllarlv  ingngad.  ved  Uto  mmw  dograo  of  dili- 
gonoa  that  pvwiM .  oi  ofwRory  ptvoonco  am 
aMvMoaiod  to  mo  abool  dwtr  mm  alMn.*  It 
U  hi*  doty  tokoaoMt  prtnctpnl  lalbtMod  of  hi« 
doinfit  Md  to  nfo  Mm  poiowrtli  Mileo  «f 
whatovar  my  M  iapoMMtt  to  Ida  IntarMa.' 
Ho  li  •)»  bo«nd  to  m«p  ngiriw  monniIi  of 

RWIMM  AMI  mHU90f  mMNMIKMHi  HMI  lO  ffllavf 
Mi  MOBMttIi  to  his  ptlM^M  ttt  mi  VMMNMMMC 


ll'ij'rAv.  iuA^^    n^, 


a  Kawia.  »«,■---,-- 
«f.  iM.4ll>  ■Jaa.pw.fHi  yina.  Bt.aifi  nQ. 


r 


ft;  4  WhaM. 


Ml 


ii^-ig: 

i«jW. 


iimM,  and  whatimar  caRad  <in,  vltbnat  lan 
i.«iilman<  <w  •t«er<  N«r(*  * 

Iha  r«a|K>n<i'  >i<iir  uf  an  agani,  whwihx  hi 
larwlltva  oitacoii  <i'i.  m  for  tla*lalloi<  ff<m  i» 
MirHctina*.  I«  n<>i  inaaaMrad  hy  lh«  •utanl  nf  hi, 
I  i/iNaii««lna  or  (-•xn|MiiMllon.  bui  hy  ih«  Inw  'i( 
iDfury  whteh  ha  may  cauaa  hi*  |Mtn<-|pal  *  AikI, 
>a  gan<-  tt,  a  ««r<ilct  aaalaal  •  |i«4nrt|iat  foi  ih» 
Ml  at  1  tarv^nt.  t*  iha  maaiMra  of  ilwnnfn 
arhkh  th-e  fonB«r  oMy  r«ro«*f  fi<ini  Iha  Uim  f 
An  i|t«<  t<  boantl  U>  araai  •Itllganca  aiKl  >  tn 
for  bla  |>rinclpal|  mn  ina  ainMai  |inaail>li>.  M 
all  that  a  raawtnahia  man,  vndar  iha  fU>  'im 
«iaa«Ma,  »«miUI  lalia  of  ht«  own  aibira.*  A< 
h«  t*  iMMind  t»  ptiaaaaa  and  a«att  tbo  (kill  im 
knowladfa  nacaaMry  far  iha  |iropar  parfemi«nc>! 
<)f  Iha  dailn  which  ha  andartifcaa,*  II  tn 
axant,  wilbo'  t  nacaaMrv,  haa  miaad  iha  ]vt>fitfty 
i>f  hk  prhUi^ail  vitb  nla  own  in  tach  k  «ay 
ihai  ha  cannat  raniiar  an  acimini  praclaahr  dn 
criminalinc  balwaan  iha  Iwn,  iha  whola  ol  «h*i 
ti  no  IndMngMMMbla  to  hald  to  ^>ala«||  )i>  iN* 
prin«i|iol  I  *  R>r  It  wa*  (bo  doty  of  iho  agaal  in 
imp  th«  pro( ■«!>«»  anil  aeconnli  tatjorata,  •nd 

ij  K'nir*  lot  not  doing  to.  If  an  agant  cai. 
}>4<7e<t  (or  any  Mtacial  porpoaa  dlacMrf**  hi* 
chiiv  And  4o««  all  h«  wai  raqnirod  to  <!••.  H«  k 
«ntlll«d  to  ibll  ooniprnaaiion,  allhoUK'^  >N< 
princiftcl  (lacll»aa  or  'cfoaaa  to  taka  advikniaft 
n'  Iha  agant'ii  act,  or  avan  •dofM  It. 

f  >  *>  ttfir  ftitmifmli,  tha  liabilitiaa  of  igrnH 
•«•  Irooi  a  violation  of  dnilaa  and  obllgailom 
:  >  them  by  aacoading  tbair  aathorlly,  r^  nin 
ondnci,  or  by  any  nogHgonca,  Mnlaaton,  or  *n, 
riy  tba  natural  raault  »r  jaat  eoaaaqaanca  ai 
which  tbo  principal  lavtalna  a  loat.*  Aadlnini 
aganta  who  hav*  a  common  (ntaraat  af«  lublr 
lot  tba  mkca«daM  and  omhMrfona  of  Mch  nthrt 
In  violatton  of  tbair  doty,  alihoogb  the  bnaiim* 
baa.  In  Ihet,  boon  wholly  Irmnaactod  by  un« 
wite  tho  knowladgo  of  tha  principal,  and  it  ha> 
baon  prtmtaly  agrood  bctwaan  thamiialve*  thu 
noltbar  aboil  b«  Kablo  for  tlr«  acta  or  loaan  vi 
tboothor.« 

Tbo  dagwo  of  n^kct  wbkk  will  Maka  ibc 
agont  r«i|ioM!blo  f'>r  dawagta  vnriaa  noeardini 
to  tbo  notwroof  tkM  liwtinaat  and  tbo  rdatkin  in 
whicb  ho  alMida  to  bit  principal.  Tkt  nil«  ti 
eomtaon  law  Is,  that  wbora  •  panon  boMt  hi». 
Hlf  out  M  of  n  Ointaia  botinoaa,  trade,  a«<< 
profmioii,  tad  ondortnkea,  wbodier  mtokoatly 
or  othorwfao,  to  pofform  an  act  wMdi  r^a*  i« 

■aWMrf.^:  iBriXdats.    t^^m.m$iC 

•  Maaia,  la*  »Ca.  Ull%,«;  toMafl.  sfi  i  Jiki. 
Cm.  •»!  iwa*.  C.  C  iMi  4  war.  (k  M.  in;  t  A.« 

taawlm  ihawHI  mn|M<aM  y  wm  tmm  ar  profew  w 

•  9  Pkti.  $m  Sli.  i«f  I  ri  Ohio.  ]«2j  ti  Waail.  •>■* 
tfWhart).  4-1  Zittrai.  A«.  n-*4:  Mary  Ag.  1*1* 
MayA»si,  Hi  jTOan».40i. 


•r  parpoM  dlKliarK««  hM 

ill  be  wM  raqalrvd  to  d-i.  ^w  h 


NK-rvf   mlltaf  nn,  wMloat  wi 

iHiy  uf  an  •gani,  wK««hri  li| 
ii.  I.  m  Ibr  )t«*l«tl(it>  from  i» 
itM«*Mf«d  by  (ha  aiitant  til  kii 

•  i«n|MnMll<m,  bwl  hy  Iha  l<>«a .« 
majr  rauiaa  llta  f)rin<'lpal  ■  Aixl, 
liid  •(•iMI  •  |#«nrt|i«l  r.rt  ih. 
nl,  la  UM  Maaaar*  ol  it*m»fn 
r  oiajr  racovat  tiimt  llta  laiin  ' 
ml  lu  araai  tliltganea  ait4  <  •» 
I  not  IM  alMoai  f/tmuiiU,  liai 
4iahta  man,  Mii<l«r  tka  <^tt<>iin 
alt  a  {)f  kla  own  aUbln.'  Ai 
|HiaMaa  aiHt  aiaft  (Im  akill  •!> 

Mary  far  iha  (wnfMr  p«HannaiK« 
rhlcfc  ha  nnd«f«yiw,«  If  ■« 
•caaaity,  iiaa  miaad  flia  |«r<i|wrtT 
wtik  Ma  OWN  In  racli  •  way 
•iM^af  •*  accownt  prtclaaly  <)m 
raan  iba  iwn,  iIm  whola  of  whai 
ilMbia  U  held  to  '^■•kinii  to  iIm 
it  w»«  ik«  duly  ai  ilM  agaai  i« 
rty  and  acctwiMa  MiMnta,  tnd 
tiM  TMfionaitiiiity  ite<i  cirfM 
t  doti^  ao.     If  an  tgant  «m. 

ill  N« 

oompaiMMMkm,  atih-ou^h  ilw 
•a  or  rafMM  to  Uka  advantap 
A,  or  avail  M^api  It. 
^H<pm^^,  Ikt  liabllltlM  of  «t'*i>t< 
lallon  of  dttllaa  and  oMigaikioi 
Mding  ihatr  BtMwtity,  of  mn 
mj  Mg(i|t*"c«.  (MBlailon,  or  mi. 
rcauk  <w  JmM  etmaaqnanca  of 
l|ial  (UMaina  a  loaa.*    And  '.dnt 

•  a  coAiOKMi  inlarcat  •»  liabl* 
1(1  and  omiaaioM  of  Mch  n<h«r 
heir  duty,  allhrniflt  Ike  bvniiwm 
MM  wholly  Iranaactad  by  m* 
(dgt  of  ik«  pdnci|Ml,  and  It  ha« 
fTMd  hetwcan  thcmMlve*  ihti 

llttbia  for  lira  acta  or  loaaa*  of 

rf  ii^[|ImI  whkk  wll!  aaka  iIm 
WJ'-)i  dumagtt  nwtea  utwrdini 
icM  IrtwiiMH  Md  tkfl  rtUtkm  in 
I  le  bli  priflcipftl.  TIm  rale  of 
tlwt  wkara  ■  ptrwn  holdi  kiw- 
a  Nrtain  bosiiMw,  tmda,  «vH 
imUttakta,  wlMthcr  mlviloatly 
fwrfoni  m  act  wMdk  raktat  lu 

C C  «MJ  4  Mat,  »«.  tio!  .  A  4 

94}.    •-Oaa  wk«  wrnHMkai  lo  i* 

,  kfioNiaMl^w  SfMia,  ¥>«)'«<' » 

Hwuplaia  Hj  luiik  tiaai   

kaaadsMO-^Uijaj 


*.»?;•  J<*»»  Ck. «.   


AOEKCV. 


kh  |Miil%Hla(  ani(>tnyiiMin4.  an  omimntm  nt  ik« 
•kill  tahtcfc  lial<>n«  1,1  hl«  «lliiaiNi«  m  fmdtmutm 
It  iin|M«lak(a  l«  kim  aa  a  fk«a<l  M|iiin  kli  ^« 
pi<iy<ir  •  HmI  whara  kla  afnpluvmaol  diMn  nt* 
aarmMTlly  Impty  iklll  in  l(t«  iMMinaaa  h»  kaa 
antkriakan.  and  k«  la  lo  kava  mi  >  (>ni|>aiM«tl*i« 
ftir  what  k»  ifci»a.  ka  will  not  Im-  JiaMa  lo  an 
xiton  If  ka  act  in  frKst  fajik,  and  lo  tka  baal 
•r  kla  ability  ' 

/<»  A.  Ik4rtt  *,iHi»i.  <l»i  *rally,  wkan  a  |F«r- 
•on  having  full  amkodly  la  known  Ui  act  maraty 
for  anot^r.  kla  acta  antl  eontraata  will  ha 
laaatad  Ikuaa  (^  ikk  pHae^pal  -mly.  am!  ika 
aC«nl  w»ll  .  'M  paratmal  raaponalbtllty « 
Hal  wfrft  KM  r"^  d<»«  aa  a«l  wlikout 
<Htkor«^  „  r'  mtm*  kla  aaikorlty,  and  tka 
araiM  •  a  k*i«*r  ;  a^known  lo  Ika  otb«r 
partir,  t  f  »,  ...n  M^,  ^  p#f«owally  raafMwalbla 
to  tka  «K- f..  HiHl  awn  ka  daal«.»  Jf  ika 
•««rt,  l«rl  ..,:..' J  auikorlty.  .onlract  in 
tka  aaw*  m  r  nr1n<;i|ail,  and  li  Happena  ikal 
at  ikaiiaaa  of  ika  oom.act,  ank  «n  (.>  hotk 
iwtiaa,  U»  aatkorlty  wa  /aYokad  i.y  the  Jaatk 
of  !ka  prindH;  «Imi  ajaiK  will  not  b«  p«n«>fi 
ally  r«ip8iiUbla.> 

An  agant  will  ka  liabU  on  a  contract  nwda 
wltk  him  wbm  ka  aipraaaly.  orby  impllratinn, 
Incart  a  panoaMi  raapomibiflir  -.  i  aa.  ifka  make 
•n  aapMaa  ararraniy  rrf  till*,  and  ika  likai  or 
if,  tkoMfk  known  to  act  aa  agmt,  ka  giva  or 
(ccaM  a  drafi  In  kia  own  nana  i »  and  pabllc 
aa  wall  aa  pr4vata  aganta  may,  by  a  paraonal  «n 
<atanMiit.rBndar  tkaaaaalvaa  porKmally  llabla.' 
In  gananl,  allhoagh  a  paratm  conirart  aa  agmt. 
yat  If  than  ba  no  olh«r  raapttnaibif  iirinciiiat 
to  wkoM  raKirt  can  ba  ka«l,  h«  will  i*  pam>n 
illy  liablai  aa,  if  a  man  a^n  a  mXa  aa  "guar 
dian  of  A.  B.."  an  iniani.  in  that  caaa  nailkcr 
Ika  infaiw  nor  hia  propafty  will  ba  liable,  and 
tka  m^  ttont  will  ba  raaprmaiMa  -    TTie  caaa 
of   an  ag«nt   of   govaranaant,  acting  in   Ikat 
capacity  for  ika  poWic.  la  an  axceti«raii  lo  ikU 
rala,  worn  though  ike    erma  of  tka  eoatra<  > 
ba  tmh  aa  mle»ii.  .«  a  caaa  of  a  private  nataia, 
in»olv«  kIm  I.,  *  paraonal   obligation)   it  not 
balng  praaamad  that  a  public  agant  maant  to 
Und  bimalf  ImUvMaally.-     Maatm  of  iklpa, 
Ifcoagh  knoarm  to  contfict  for  tka  ownen  of 
Iha  •!   pa  and  not  for  themaalvaa,  ai«  !» ihle  for 
Iha    ontracta  ihajr  inaka  for  rtipaJn,  unleaa  thay 
negatHa    ibalr  raaponaihilny  by  tka  expraaa 
trrma  of  tha  coMnart  *    A*  a  K.!naral  rulaVthe 
■Mtrat  of  a  paiaoM  raaMcnt  In  a  foreign  country 


Ala.  M 1 1  prawn 


tli 


■JMay AauM^ m- and M i B. k 


I  w  pafwwall^  llaUa  apM  all  coiMraala  mtdt  b* 
him  for  hi*  .  plrtyar,  whether  ka  daaarlba 
Kimaalf  In  tka  cr/nira«.t  ••  agff."  .w  n.rt,  ihu 
haing  tka  aaaga  cif  irada.  and  ,.  baing  m« 
•wnMnl  Ihai  tka  cra«IU  wa«  Kivan  to  him  and 
•Kit  lo  kla  prtnctiMl  r  |i  ihu  pr«*umi4km 
may  ba  rabwiait  by  proof  .A  a  contrary  ,,t(ra«. 

Ati  anant   !•  not  paiaoMiW  HaMa.  a«|««a  ka 
tranacamU  hia  agancy,  or  .'  ,:f,^  from  iu  pro- 
»toi.ifi» ,  •  or  unlam  Im  ••prw  .Jy  ,C^p9%  hIa  own 
liah.  ,iy..|„  which  ca^  ha    ....',  although 
ha  u«a«rihaa  himaelf  aa  aganii'  m»  anUw  K« 
concaala  hia  character  aa  Mcnt  t  •  or  anleaa  he 
afi  con.lutia  aa  to  r«it.|*r  the  prlntl(ial  inaccea 
•ibia  ..r  irraapoTMiMa  i '  or  unlcia  |-.»  acU  in  Iwd 
with.     If  •  aaalr<l  inalrumaitt  I*  tiecu|«i|  by 
an  agant,  and  it  conuin  covtnanla  wMcl,  aa- 
preaaly  purport  lo  be  ihoaa  of  the  (irlncipa',  ■>.-mI 
tha  agent  In  eiacullng  it  catia  him«alf  an  a^..  /t, 
h«  la  not  liabla  ,>n  ihoaa  covenania  i "  hut  if 
they  ari.      ,t   aaprrsUy  tka   urincipara  cova- 
nanit,  tha  agent  I*  HaMa  on  thani*     If  «  par. 
•on  .lealing  with  an  acant  knowi  hia  agancy 
hia  righta  and  obligaticma  will  h«  ihe  wme  aa 
if  Iha  agpit  fliftf  loiw,|  ii,r  unleaa  the  agent  pur. 
IKiaaly  leprraania  himaalf  aa  a  principal   and 
aaaom*^  ihe  rcaponaibillty  of  one.     And  If  tha 
agent'*  act  ba  open  lo  two  conalractiona,  ann 
of  which  Mnda  him,  and  the  <ither  Nnda  Iha 
principal,   iha   law  jwrfera  Ihe   latlar.'     If  « 
party   dealuig  with    «n   agent   a«    ageni    and 
knowing  that  tha  principal  i»  bound,  .aiie«  the 
agent'*  n  «e   the  principal  la  diacharged  •     If 
one  daaoibaa  hioHelf  aa  agent  for  anma  un- 
named i>rinclpal.   he   ,*   of  course   liable   if 
pruvad   to  ha   Iha  real  principal.*     And  cne 
iKtIng  at  agwtt   la  liable  ptnuwally,  if  it  ba 
•howQ   that   he  arts  without   authority*    An 
agant  la  not  rcapon  ,bl«  to  third  partlea  for  mar* 
naglact  or  omiiaion  i ,  diacharga  of  hia  duty, 
for  thajLmuat  look  to  th(  principal.*    An  agent 
who  escaeda   hia  authority  randan    hitnaelf 
Hal  1  •   to  Ihe   whole   extant  of  tha   contract, 
although  a  pan   >f  it  waa  within  hia  authority.* 
An  agant  k   oaiaonailv  raaponaibte  where 
moi»a»  haa  been  i^id  to  him  for  tha  ua«  of  h.« 
ptincipta  mdar    auch  circumatancea  that  the 
P***/  l*y*"f  •«  l)e<!omea  entitled  to  recall  it. 
InaiKh  eaaaa,  aa  long  aa  ilw;  money  haa  not 
baan  paid  over  by  tha  agent,  nor  hia  aituation 
altarad  aa  by  giving  hb  principal  fi«ah  cre.lii 
upon  Iha  Mth  of  It,  it  may  ba  racovrrad  from 

M.  J«J  11  Maa.  107;  y  Coarwi.  «j;  4  Harrinc  ait  ■ 

L.  •  B.  i*t;  8.  C.  J.  E.  ft  ».  la.;  «Co«n.  im.    «.4 
C'S-  *J»:  3  A  *  K    ija;  9  B.  »C  7«;  a  Sap    X- 

•r.    y-a  ailnaajn.    B^  lie.  ij.    m-io  Mat.  19.1 

SI  M.  411 :  «  Oiaai^.  aao.    *•$  Jt,  tT  »  E.  joi ;  10  Id 
;  7'i'rit>?j-^aid-»ft;s^f5.'5Vs 


I 


h 


I: 


63 


AGENCY. 


tha  agent/  And  if,  in  receiving  the  money, 
the  agent  waa  a  wrong-doer,  he  will  not  be 
exempted  from  liaNlity  >  bjr  payment  to  hit 
principal.! 

A>  to  torts,  there  ii  a  diitinction  between 
acta  of  misfeasance  or  positive  wrongs,  and 
nonfeasance  or  mere  omissions  of  duty.  In 
Jie  former  case,  the  agent  is  personally  liable 
to  third  persona,  although  authorised  by  bis 
principal,*  while  in  the  latter  he  is,  in  genatml, 
solely  liable  to  his  principal.' 

Rights  and  niviumwi.—j4M  tit  tMr 
primcipali.  An  agent  is  ordinarily  entitled  to 
compensation  for  his  services — commonly  called 
a  commission — which  is  regulatud  either  by 
special  agreement,  by  the  usage  of  trade,  or  hj 
the  presumed  intentum  of  the  parties.)  In  gen- 
eral, he  must  have  Mthfiilly  performed  t|ke 
whole  service  or  duty  before  he  can  claim  a^ 
commissions.^  He  may  forfeit  his  tight  to  com- 
missions by  gross  unsfcufnlncse,  by  gross  negli- 
gence, or  gross  misconduct  in  the  couiae  of  nis 
agency;'  as,  Iw  not  keeping  rkgularacomnts;* 
by  violating  his  instructions ;  oy  wittilly  con- 
founding his  own  pnxMt^  with  that  of  his 
principal;*  by  fraudnfently  misMiptying  the 
funds  of  his  principal;*  by  emnuUng  the 
property  in  iUegal  transactions,  or  by  doing 
tttt)  bing  which  amouts  to  a  betmyiu  of  bu 
trust.' 

The  agent  has  a  right  to  be  leimbwied  his 
advances,  expenses,  and  diabuncmints  reason- 
aUv  and  in  good  fidin  iaciuved  aad  paid, 
without  any  default  on  Ua  part,  in  the  oonne 
of  the  agency,*  and  also  to  M  paid  iatenst  on 
inch  advancements  «ad  disbnisemcnta.  when- 
ever it  mav  fairly  be  presumed  to  have  been 
Btipolated  lor,  or  be  due  to  hia.'  Bat  be  can- 
not recover  for  advances  aad  HuiavnmetiMk 
made  in  the  prosecntioa  of  aa  iltegal  traMac- 
don,  though  sanctioacA  by  or  ewn  nndcttidieB 
at  the  request  of  his  prine!p<ll;*  and  keatay 
forfeit  all  remedy  amiBst  his  |>rincipi^.  evea  nr 
his  advances  aad  disbaraemeats  mad*  ia  the 
course  of  togal  tranH^etionB  bj*  his  owa  jmaa 
negligence,  fraud,  or  miacoodiKst ; '  nw  wtu  he 
be  entided  to  be  rriiibotsed  hia  expeBsaa  after 
he  has  notice  that  his  anlkority  kaa  been  re- 
voked.* 

The  agent  may  enforce  the  pqraieat  of  a 
debt  dneliim  firob  his  principal  on  aeooant  of 
the  agency  bnr  an  action  for  the  amount  i  and 
he  mnr  abo  aavc  the  benefit  of  his  daiai  jqr 
way  of  set-vff  to  aa  action  of  his  priaeiiiu 

(May  Ag.  jn^||a;   •  Uvwni.  A|l  afe,  i8it 


againiit  him,  provided  the  claim  is  aol  for  un- 
certain damages,  and  is  in  other  respects  of 
such  a  nature  as  to  be  the  subject  of  a  set-off.' 
He  has  also  a  particular  right  of  lien  for  all 
hit  necessary  commissions,  expenditves,  ad- 
vances, aad  services  in  and  abont  the  property 
intrusted  to  his  agency,  which  right  is  in  many 
respecu  analogous  to  the  right  nf  set-off.*  Fac- 
tors have  a  general  lien  upon  the  goods  of  their 
principal  in  their  poaacMion,  and  npon  the 
price  of  auch  as  havo  been  Uwfully  sold  liy 
them,  and  the  securities  given  therefot.*  There 
are  other  caacs  in  which  a  general  lien  exisu  in 
regard  to  particular  classes  of  agents,' either 
from  usage,  from  a  qwcial  agreement  of  the 
partial),  or  from  the  particular  habit  of  dealing 
oetweea  them ;  such,  for  example,  as  insMrance 
brokeiB,  bankers,  common  carriers,  attomeyi 
and  solidtois,  packers,  calico  printers,  fnlleh, 
dyers,  and  wharfingers^ 

At  l»  tUrd  ptrum.  In  general,  a  mere 
agent  «rho  haa  no  beneficial  interest  in  a  con 
tract  which  he  has  made  on  behalf  of  hiii 
principal,  cannot  support  an  action  thweon." 
An  afent  acquirea  a  right  to  maintain  «a  actioti 
upon  a  contract  agaiast  third  peraoas,  in  th<t 
foUowiag  caaaa : 

I.  WCea  the  contnct  is  ia  writing,  aad  nadt' 
expressly  wiUi  the  aoeat,  and  imports  Ho  be  a 
contract  penonally  with  him ;  aa,  for  example, 


a  prottisaory  note  ia  givea  to  ike  Ment, 
as  sach,  for  the  benefit  of  the  principal,  aad  the 
promise  te  to  psgr  the  noaey  to  the  agnt  nader 
that  name  or  oescriplioai*  and  it  haa  been  held 
that  the  right  of  the  afent  in  sadi  case  to  sue 
in  hia  own  name  is  not  ooi^ned  to  an  express 
contract:  thna,  oa*  holdf-^,  aa  awre  ageat,  a 
bill  of  csdukige,  or  pronussory  i 


tn  blaak,  or  a  diedi  or  note  pmfale  to  bearer, 
may  saa  on  it  ia  hia  owa  aaaw.* 

a.  The  i^eat  aaagr  amintain  an  action  against 
third  petMos  oa  contracts  made  with  dien 
whenever  he  is  the  only  known  and  oatensible 
priaieipal,  aad,  coaaeqaeatly,  ia  coatemplMion 
of  law,  th*  rial  contracting  panyj*  as,  if  an 
ageat  sell  gooda  of  his  pnadpai  ia  his  own 
awM,  aa  thoai^  he  were  the  owner,  he  is  en- 
titled to  sac  Ac  bimr  la  Us  o#a  aaae;'*  aad, 
OB  the  oIlMr  iuwd,  if  the  so  bay,  be  iftei  ra- 
foroethceootiaetbyaotiM.  Iwfaaanmtion 
of  the  ogcat's  contnct  fa«  the  prfQc^  4oC» 
not  neoMsarily  predade  ue  agnt  from  «iain- 
taiaiagaa  actiatt,bBt  be  will  still  be  <M^led 


In,   r-SttirM'lsmTj  thmm.  *fcj»;  t9mi\t 
|Mt.s6:  tswm.0ni  jCtaipk4fe;/w**t|ijj  s 


I  n  Wcad. 


tfU.tiHi 


*tiflr 


aT.R.H). „,„   , ,  ,     ^ 

""F»    »  ^*w*   I.U  nuclei*   -  j^-  «    ^f   "^^»<  ^^  ^  J.^^  S^^*  r^l 

jfoo.'  fcWky A«. tPaiilsa's JM.)»w, mm.  ••iwwdt 
fact.  Ik  K  Ml,  sm:  Pitey  A|.j|«t,Mi«;  Story  Ag. 
I  sn-  •■•»  wMc.  4>3;  s  U.  mfS,  Da. 


t 


AGENCY. 


ded  the  claim  ia  not  for  un. 
ind  it  in  otlMr  mpccta  of 
I  be  the  sobjecl  ef  a  aet-ofT.* 
ticttlar  right  of  lien  for  all 
imiaaiona,  expenditnre*,  at)- 
la  in  and  abcmt  tba  property 
mcjr,  which  right  ia  in  many 
to  the  right  oTaet-off:*  Fac- 
lien  upon  the  gooda  of  their 
poaiMaioa,  and  opon  the 
h«v3  been  lawfully  aold  liy 
ritiea  given  therefoc*  There 
vhich  a  general  lien  o^iU  in 
*r  daiaea  of  agenta,' either 
a  qiecial  agreement  of  the 
>  particttlar  habit  of  dealing 
:h,  for  exaavple,  aa  ioamrance 
coofiman  canriera,  attomevt 
kera,  calico  printen,  fallen, 

■rtpiu.  In  geneval,  a  mere 
beneficial  wtereit  in  a  con 
aa  made  on  behalf  of  hiii 
rapport  aa  action  thereon." 
a  right  to  maintain  «i  action 
igainat  third  peiaoaa,  In  thit 

ilract  ia  fai  writing,  oad  nadt- 
acent,  and  impoM  to  be  a 
with  hin  I  aa,  ibr  caample, 
Y  note  ia  given  to  the  Ment, 
lefit  of  the  princi|»l,  and  the 
be  money  to  the  agnt  under 
ption  {•  and  it  haa  been  held 
M  agent  in  andi  cm*  to  Me 
ia  not  ooafincd  to  aa  eiqiceai 
t  hiddi'ig,  aa  mare  agmt,  a 
ir  pramMBory  aolai,  indoiaed 
k.  or  note  pmUe  to  bearer, 
la  own  aaaaei* 
qr  ■niniaia  aa  action  againw 
contracta  made  with  them 
i  only  known  and  oatenriUe 
Hw^uenttyy  ia  contemplation 
nairaeting  panv}*  aa,  if  an 
of  hk  pnaeipal  in  hia  own 
be  were  the  owner,  h«  ia  en- 

riria  Wa  own  naittc;'*  and, 
if  the  ao  bay,  be  fiay  at- 
a^aotiea.  Hwreaiactttieo 
itnct  hv  the  priitc^  4o«»: 
tdade  the  agnt  fraa  ^win- 
bnthetriUatinbecMMIed 


)  M  Weed. 


■oak ;  Story  iA(- 


413:  s  M.  «  8.  ais. 


io  «ae  the  party  with  whom  he  hat  contracted 
for  any  damages  which  he  may  have  luiUined 
by  reaaon  of  a  breach  of  contract  ^  the  latter.* 

3.  The  right  of  the  agent  to  sue  in  hia  own 
name  exiata  when,  by  the  usage  of  trade,  or  the 
general  course  of  businew,  he  is  authorised  to 
act  as  owner,  or  as  a  principal  contracting  party, 
althouKh  his  character  as  agent  is  known.* 

4.  Where  the  agent  has  made  a  contract  in 
the  tabject-matter  of  which  he  has  a  special 
interest  or  property,  he  may  enforce  his  con- 
tract by  action,  whether  h«  held  hi-"  lelf  oat  at 
the  time  to  be  acting  in  his  own  beih-.if  or  not :  7 
for  example,  an  auctioneer  who  sells  the  goods 
of  another  may  nuintain  an  action  for  the 
price,  although  the  sale  be  on  the  premises  of 
the  owner  of  the  gooda.  because  the  auctioneer 
has  a  poaseaaion  coupled  with  an  imenal.* 

But  titia  right  of  an  agent  to  bring  an  action 
in  his  own  name  is  subordina  >  the  rights  of 
the  principal,  who  may,  unics  in  particular 
cases  where  the  agent  haa  a  lien  or  some  other 
vested  right,  bring  a  suit  himself,  and  suspend 
(IT  eatingnish  the  right  of  the  agent.* 

An  agent  mi^  mainUin  an  action  agtinst 
third  pertom  for  injuries  affectinff  the  poaaes- 
Uon  of  hia  prindpal'a  property;  and  wbetTl^ 
has  been  induced  by  the  Aand  of  a  third  per- 
son to  sell  or  buy  goo<b  for  hU  nrincipid,  and 
ne.haa  sustained  a  personal  loaa,  he  may  main- 
tain aa  action  against  auch  third  person  for 
«uch  wrongful  act,  deceit,  or  fr»ad>  But  his 
remedy  for  mere  torts  ia  confined  to  cases  like 
the  foregoing,  where  his  H|^  of  possession  is 
injurioualy  invaded,  or  where  he  incnn  a  per- 
sonal  raqwnaibiUty,  or  loss,  or  damage  in 
t  snseqaence  of  the  tort" 

SlONATVKB  >y  AN  AoiNT.  If  A.  signs  "A. 
for  B.,»  this  ia  Aa  a^natare  of  A.,  uid  he  is 
the  contracting  party,  althoagh  he  makes  the 
rontract  at  the  histance  and  for  the  benefit  of 
B.  Batirhcsigns"B.  byA.,"theait  isthe 
contract  of  B.,  made  by  him  through  his  imtru- 
mentA.  In  the  fint  case  A.  is  the  princibal : 
m  the  second,  B.  is  the  principtJ,  and  Arhis 
agent  But  with  whatever  technical  inaccniacy 
the  shpiatore  ia  made,  it  roiay  be  detenained  in 
uchinstanot;  from  ike  Ada  and  the  evidence, 
OM  a  party  la  an  agent  or  a  principa],  in  ac- 
cordaaoe  with  the  intratkw  of  the  murties  to 
the cootract.  if  the  worda are sefficinMto bear 
the  ofmttractioa  «  But  it  ia  stilt  requisite  that 
the  amae  of  the  priodpal  appear  as  raeh  in 
thesigaatireof  adeed*  Ptool  evidenoe  aiay 
alw^  be  admUled  to  eAargt  an  unnamed 

'•  •■•/s'^?%^"»i8'w»AfT4os:  jH1U;k.y^J 


Per.  sW.MBjli 


9  IT  ft  W.  )9;  M  itau.  ns  M. 


not    to  discharge  the  actual 


principal ;    but 
signer.' 

SuB-AoKNTS.     An  agent   can  do  for  hia 
principal  only  that  which  his  principal  author- 
ises, and  if  the  principal  appoint  an  agent  to 
act  for  him  as  his  representative  in  any  particu- 
lar business,  this  agent  has  not  thereby  a  right 
to  make  another  person  the  representative  of 
hu  principal.    A  mere  agent  cannot  generally 
appoint  a  sub-agent,  so  as  to  render  the  latter 
responsible  to  the  principal,*  but  may  when 
such  is  the  usage  of  trade,  or  is  understood  by 
the  parties  to  be  the  mode  in  which  the  particu- 
ar  business  may  be  done.*  The  principal  may, 
if  he  chooses,  give  this  very  power  to  his 
agent.'    A  substitute  of  an  agent  who  haa  no 
power  to  employ  him,  cannot  be  held  as  the 
agent  of  the  original  principal ;  but  is  only  the 
agent  of  the  agent  who  employs  hira<»  and  who 
IS  accordingly^  4w  principal,  and  the  penon  so 
employed  is  bound  only  to  his  immediate  em- 
ployer, and  can  look  only  to  him  for  compen- 
sation.'   But  a  substitute,  appointed   Iw  an 
agent  who  has  this  power  of  substitution,  be- 
comes the  agent  of  the  original  principal,  and 
may  bind  him  by  his  acts,  and  ia  responsible  to 
him  as  his  agent,  and  may  look  to  him  for 
compensation.    If  the  agent  has  either  express 
or  implied  authority  to  appoint  a  sub-agent  he 
will  not,  ordinarily,  be  responsible  for  the  acU 
or  omiuions  of  the  subatitute,'  and  this  is 
espedalhr  true  of  public  officeia;  but  the  sub- 
agent  will  himseir  be  directly  responsible  to 
the  nincipal  for  hia  own  negligence  or  mis- 
conduct"   The  agent  of  an  agent  is  generally 
accountable  only  to  his  own  principal,  and  not 
to  the  principal  of  the  party  for  whom  he  acU ; 
that  b,  only  hia  immediate  employer  can  call 
him  to  account* 

H^ktrt  m*-ifg*mi$  are  tmphytd  withoot  the 
knowled^  or  consent  of  Uie  principal,  their 
remedy  is  agaiaat  their  hnmediate  employer 
only,  with  regard  to  .whom  they  will  have  the 
same  rights.  ohUgations,  and  duties  as  if  the 
^^t  were  the  ade  principal.  But  where  sub- 
agents  are  ordiaarify  or  necessarily  cmirioyed 
in  the  bosiaem  of  the  ageacy,  the  sub-agei« 
caa  maiirtaia  hia  claim  for  conpeatatfoa  both 
agafaiat  the  principal  aad  the  immediate  em- 
Moyera,  unleta  the  ageacy  be  avowed,  and  ex- 
elusive  credit  be  ^nxi  to  the  principal,  in 
which  me  hb  remedy  wiU  be  Umitedto  the 
principal* 

A  aub-agent  wiU  be  clothed  with  a  lien 
against  the  principal  for  servicea  perfonned  and 

«  Whsrt.  M ;  10  B.  Moo. J4« ;  Paine  C.  C.  ts« ;  8  ll«. 
34li  I  C^48ij  ioB.ft<r«7.}aC«ndi.4»;  ycSh 
37?:  5  W.101.  jr^iioryAff.|  13:  9Co;m;  VmS 

•%r. « Maul,  ft  s:i98,3oirt  YrftT  E»ai.  jgy.- ; 

f«*'ftSv<««:  •  W.  30«!  «  S.  ft  1?38<{;  JaC^cVi 
Sutr  Ag.  ft  3B6, 3*7  i  Psiqr  Ag.  « ;  6  TauSf  147!      ' 


>mmmimt!ijut<'m!m*<m£- . 


AOBNCV. 


diKhunemcnU  made  bjr  him  on  account  of  the 
(utvagency,  whenever  •  privitv  cxi»t>  between 
them.*  He  will  acquire  a  lien  againat  the 
principal  if  the  latter  raisftet  hi*  acts,  or  leelu 
to  avail  himielf  of  the  proceedi  of  the  inb* 
agency,  though  employed  by  the  agent  without 
the  knowledge  or  consent  of  the  prmdpal.*  He 
may  avail  hiintelf  of  hti  general  lien  against 
the  principal  by  way  of  subatitution  to  the 
rb(hts  of  his  immediate  employer,  to  the  extent 
of  the  lien  of  the  latter.'  And  there  are  cases 
in  which  a  sub-agent,  who  has  no  knowledge 
or  reason  to  believe  that  his  immediate  em- 
ployer is  acting  as  an  agent  for  another,  will 
have  a  lien  on  the  property  for  his  geiieral 
balance.* 

ArMtnton  are  private  extraordinary  jndges, 
to  whose  decision  matters  in  eoatrovenr'are 
leferred  by  consent  of  the  paitics.  RtnitU 
is  used  aa  a  synonym  of  arbitrator,  but  if  in  it* 
origin  of  broader  signification,  and  leas  accur- 
ate than  arbitrator. 

App0itUm«nS.  Usually  a  single  aiWtiator  is 
agreed  upon,  or  the  paitie*  each  appoint  one, 
with  a  (tipnlaticin  thrl,  if  they  do  not  agree, 
another  penon,  called  an  UMriKB,  named  or  to 
be  setei^ed  by  the  arUtralors,  shall  be  cdled 
iu,  to  whom  he  matter  is  to  be  referred.'  The 
jurisdi^ioa  of  the  umpire  and  aifaitratois  can- 
not be  concurrent;  if  the  arbitrators  make  an 
award  it  is  Wndii^;  <f  not«  the  award  of  the 
umpire  is  bindimr."  If  the  umpire  sign  die 
award  ti  the  artMtratws,  it  is  still  their  award, 
and  Viet  vtn»>  Arbttratwa  may  appoint  an 
umpire  after  their  term  of  service  has  expired, 
if  tne  time  has  not  gme  within  which  the  um- 
pire was  to  make  his  award;*  Sitfaaequent  dis- 
seaarfoo  uf  the  parties  without  Just  cause  will 
have  no  efiect  upon  the  utptrintment;  bat  they 
shoold  have  noUcc*  u  an  umpir*  refine  to 
act,  another  may  b««n>QJDted  as  ofkca  u  the 
thing  sbi^l  happen.*  In  gcMral,  any  ot^tion 
to  the  appoinbaaait  of  m  oiWtntar  or  umpire 
will  be  waived  by  attending  Urn.*    Any  per- 

«.  Uv«.  A....W..  R-^  ^M.  i^^^gr 


si:  9  Mm.  ft; Ci  tail:  3  >*(«'■  &  AM. aJK:  j 
17  jaBM^^^os:  I  Bwb. 

u  li«t,'Mi*s.TiWi  * 


:  iBkrn.  ft 

v-t.  tMt.  jfaj  1*  ii«.  mm.rmi « l^^'-  *  I 

,n.    wS«es&uad. iMi,«.naM.    Xrabc.  L.Ot 
^  ^  ^^9  Ad.  E.^ :  •  lB5t*M  :^  Ji:.  j^-^'J; 

Abr.  JlM.X.t;  tD«»l.tni  1  F*.  «N:  f  ^.  ftS. 
la;  10  Mil*.  1*7.  tmtrmpSm.  Wt-  MftkmMitJt.  C 

■SI 

s» 

AlL'ck.  ««;  Oo.  EHir.  «6iO  D<n»l.  P»llJC#J.  WHJ 

44t.    h<  Mo.  w.    •tt  G«.  ».    4-StMry 
57 :  Kyf  Aw.T«  JM.  no.    *-j  A*.  «^  1 


i  Abr.  10 


id.  ni:  '«9  Mo.  3-3.    f* BmI.  ««:'4 •«»•  47! 


tii 


son  selected  may  be  an  arbitrator,  notwith- 
standing natural  incapacity,  or  legal  disabillly, 
as  infancy,  coverture,  or  lunacy,^  or  disqualifi- 
cation on  account  of  intcrgst,  provided  It  br 
known  to  the  paitiea  at  the  time  of  making  th« 
submission.* 

Dm/itt  aM4lp«m*r$.  Arbitrators  cannot  dele- 
mte  their  authority}  it  is  a  personal  truM.> 
The  power  ceases  with  the  puDlicatioB  of  the 


award  \  *  and  death  after  publicatioa  and  be- 
fore delivery  doee  not  vitiate  it.*  They  cannot 
be  compelled  to  mi^e  aa  awa^d,*  or  diiclote 
the  grounds  of  titeiriudgmeBt.*  An  i^t>itrstor 
may  retain  the  award  till  pai4  for  histwrvlcct, 
but  cannot  maintain  an  action  for  them  without 
a  promiiw,'  which  may  be  implied  fton  circura- 


ArbitraKm  proceed  on  the 
reference  aslndgei,  not  as  agents  of  the  partiei 
appointing  them.'  They  should  give  notice  of 
the  time  and  ^mc  of  proceeding  to  the  partiei 
interasted.k  They  should  all  conduct  tne  in- 
vestigatioa  together,  and  should  sign  the  award 
(a  eaoi  other's  prescaoet*  but  a  mi^ty  ii 
sufficieat<>  la  iiiVestigating  matten  in  dinate, 
they  are  alknred  the  gr«Mast  latitude.*  They 
are  Judges  bodi  of  law  and  £Kt,  and  are  not 
bound  V  the  rale*  of  practiee  adopted  by 
courM.>  They  BMy  deddt  ia  Jastioe  and 
lioaesty,  and  need  not  fblknr  the  law;  the 
award  wUl  be  aet  aside  only  when  it  appcsn 
tint  they  ibeant  to  be  governed  by  the  law  hot 
have  mutaken  it,* 

Rt9tt»H»m  tfptmtrt  of  arfaitratoia  amy  oc- 
cur at  the  plearare  of  either  party  at  aay  tine 
before  final  award."  It  is  not  connetoit  for 
the  patties  to  deprive  themselves  of  Uib  power 
by  any  form  of  contract*  Bat  whea  the  rah- 
mosioB  relenm  the  «!gb»l  G«ne  «f  actioa, 
and  the  advenaiy  itmwea,  the  party  ao  relco- 
ing  OMy  reoover  the  aaMuat  so  rcleaaed  bf  way 
otdataagaa  caused  fay  the  revocatioa.»  where 
the  sttbniarion  is  aiade  a  rale  of  coart  H  be- 
conca  practically  imvoeable,  since  sack  aa  act 

ft  P.  n:  CMm  I  Dwie,  iMi  19  MjM.  «•.  K>>V«. 


<rl;  eCow.msia 

tj  IiaMn,.46i'Mli*.4SS.S>» 


«  r. 

K 

KMoa.  tga 
tBos.ftT, 

J&S.  rtJ'jim.  ,4»j«r  VI.  n:  i-aay.  J*i  1  m. 


Urns,  O*  iHttHQl*  ««•  aM  jtMM  I 


'•J^'Mi! 


'II- P**' 


■OS 


tT  be  an  wbitnUor,  notwiih. 
I  incapacity,  or  lagal  dUabilitv, 
irture,  or  lunacy,)'  or  diiqualih- 
ir.t  at  int«r«at,  provldtd  it  be 
itiw  at  th«  timt  of  naking  (he 

wtrs,  Arbitralon  cannot  dele- 
orityt  it  ia  a  panonal  tnut,' 
Ma  with  tb«  pvblicatloii  of  th« 
aalh  aflar  poblicalioB  and  be- 
M  not  vitiate  it.*  Thay  cannot 
9  make  an  awa^il,*  or  ditclote 
iieir  iudcoMat.*  An  i^Utnior 
ward  tUl  paid  for  r 


bifacrvicn, 
itain  an  action  for  tham  withoat 
•h  may  tt*  ImpHad  tnm  circum- 

Arbitralon  procsad  on  the 
gct,nat  aaagantaoftha  partia 
iJt  Thay  ahonld  giv*  notice  of 
ict  of  procatding  to  the  oartie* 
ley  ikmild  all  coodnct  the  in- 
thar,  and  diould  sign  the  awtid 
:  pracnoet*  b«it  a  nu^o'ity  ^ 
iikVattigaling  mattan  in  dismte, 
i  the  gRMtaat  laiitad«.>  Thejf 
I  of  law  and  Cut,  and  are  not 

nl«  of  pntctlce  adoptad  bf 

0My  dadd*  ia  Jnltce  and 
iced  not  ftdlow  th*  kwi  the 
■at  aside  only  whan  ft  appean 
:  to  he  govwiwd  fay  the  law  bat 
lt» 

f  p«mtrt  ot  aibitraton  nay  oc- 
are  ot  either  party  at  atty  time 
rard."  It  ia  not  conpetMit  for 
sprive  theoutWet  of  Uiia  power 

conHtct.*  Bit  when  the  tab- 
a  the  oi<giiMl  ONNe  of  actioa, 
ay  levoitea,  the  party  ao  relecs- 
rthe  aiMwl  aorclaaMd  hvwt; 
iiadbytherevoeatloa.*  ^nwie 

ia  made  »  rale  of  eowt  it  be- 
ly  Irrevocahlt,  sfaice  avdl  an  mi 


AGENCY. 


«J 


waokjwi 


sw«MaMfw«Mi  Hfflft&jMo:  N 
m.jlUs  .4 Id.  w;  }1mi. j*t  n U. 


woald  be  regarded  a  cctetempt  of  court  and 
puniihable  \^  attachment.^  Thi«  it  tbc  only 
mode  of  making  a  tubmistion  irrevocable.'  A 
^abniuion  by  rule  of  court  it  made  irrevocable 
tnr  the  espnta  provitiona  of  the  italutea  of  most 
of  t!>e  State*,  and  the  referee  it  requintd,  after 
due  notice,  to  hear  the  caae  ex  fartt  where 
either  party  fails  to  appear.  See  Gkncral 
STATtrris. 

I  The  fom  of  the  revo»aiion  it  not  important 
if  it  be  in  conformity  i»ith  the  tubmiidon;  or 
if,  when  it  it  not,  it  be  acquicMed  in  by  the 
other  party.'  The  rrraoition  thould,  in  gen- 
ral,  be  of  u  liish  a  grade  of  contract  aa  the 
iiubminioa.*  Where  the  nibminion  ia  in  writ- 
ing the  revocation  ought  to  be  in  writing ;  •  and 
however  the  form  of  revocation  i>  eximHed  it 
muit  be  diatinct  and  intelligible.* 

A  patty  nav  revoke  the  tnbmitaion  by  any 
act  which  tmdera  it  impracticable  for  the  arbi-  i 
tn^ton  to  pracead.' 

Where  the  arMtratora  decline  to  act  it  will 
operate  a*  a  revocation  of  the  *ubmi«ion,« 

Bankruptcy  of  a  party  does  not  operate  to 
revoke  a  aabniasion  to  arbitration,*  though  'it 
mqr  Juatify  the  other  in  revoking.' 

The  death  of  either  narty,  or  of  e-  'tnUor, 
or  of  one  of  them,  will  operate  m*  «  .  ^jjon 
of  the  aabmiaiioB.  It  it  oompeten.  '  ^  make 
proviifaMi  ia  the  rabnitrion  for  the  comidetlon 
of  a«  award  notwithstanding  the  death  of  one 
of  the  parties,  by  proceedings  in  the  muse  of 
the  penonal  representative.*  Where  the  sub- 
nitskm  k  Iqr  rale  of  court,  and  the  cause  of 
•ctfam  mrvivvt,  this  provMon  is  not  necessary, 
it  m»  be  rmrivMl  and  proaecuted  in  the  naine 
of  the  peiaowd  rqmeeatative.* 

Thapowar  of  the  ariiitrator  is  determined 
•ad  dMtrojraU  by  the  oecurreace  erf  any  fact 

»W* '■?^'«^  the  piBty  from  proceeding 
wlA  Oe  hMiiag.  ^ 

■..'."^y  *?  «*^  ?«y.  Of  «n  «  MWtrator, 
^njfwaitae  and  dcMragr  the  authority  to 
prooaeo. 

^2S!^l?'«V««*»««"toboth.«  The 
•MMtfow  to  Ala  rak  are  purely  ttatutotr. 

rf^5!L*f^&!L*2*J***  *«  Mme  cause 

time  kK-lmiba  award,  b  ai»  Imp^TwS^^ 


«r;  iJSeat. 


^^•'^% 


«7.-3liWl.|33:»w«J«o 


When  one  party  to  a  tubmitsion  contitu  of 
teveral  peiu>ns  one  cannot  revoke  without  ti  : 
concurrence  of  the  other*,*  though  hit  death 
would  operate  as  a  revocation  on  the  part  of 
tlie  pwrty  of  which  he  was  one,  but  if  the  cauae 
of  action  survived,  his  personal  lepresentative 
might  be  substituted  in  hit  stead. 

Where  the  revocation  it  by  the  express  act 
of  a  party  it  will  be  efTectual  when  notice 
reaches  the  arbitrator.'  But  in  case  of  death, 
insanity,  or  marriage,  either  of  these  events  of 
themselves  terminates  the  power  of  the  arbitra- 
tor at  once,  and  all  acU  done  by  him  thereafter 
are  absolutely  void.* 

Skimutiom  is  the  agreement,  oral  or  written, 
by  which  parties  agree  to  submit  their  differences 
to  the  decision  of  a  referee  or  arbitrators.  It 
IS  sometimes  termed  a  reference.^ 

Any  inatter  may  be  determined  by  arbitra- 
tion, which  th«  parties  may  adjust  by  agreiv 
ment,  or  which  may  be  the  subject  of  a  suit  nt 
law.    Crimes,  however,  and,  perhaps,  acticra 
OR  poial  statutes  by  common  informers,  caii> 
n^oe  made  the  .ubject  of  arbitration  and  coin- 
pcaition  bv  arbitration.'     Disputes  respecting 
rent,  or  tithes,  chafes  of  slander,  breaches  of 
contract,  matters  of  account,  trespass  to  perstm 
or  property,  etc.,  etc.,  may  be  submitted  to 
arbitration^    Fkutties  may  by  parol  submit  any 
matters  in  controversy  between  them  So  arbi- 
tration; and  this  is  the  common  law  of  the 
land."     And,    notwithstanding    the   statutes, 
parties  may  submit  to  arbitration  as  at  commoii 
law,'    When  a  statute  provides  a  new,  aiid 
does  not  abrogate  the  old  mode,  and  parties 
mr  adopt  either  mode  at  their  o«rn  election, 
bat  th^  cannot  pursue  both  at  the  snme  time ' 
^y«|«^I»We  of  making  a  dis^  ,,ition  of 
nta  ptoperty,  or  release  of  hu  right,  or  capable 
or  sniiM;  or  beini;  sued,  may  make  a  binding 
submission  to  arbttration;  but  one  under  civil 
or  Mturai  incapacity  cannot  be  bound  by  his 
submission.*  In  general,  in  cas«  of  incapacity 
of  the  real  owner  of  the  property.  a»  welfas  in 
manv  cases  orafency.  the  person  who  hak  the 
1^  control  of  the  prc^rty  may  make  the 
submission ;  mtlmiii^  a  husband  for  his  wife  ;■ 
a  parent  or  guardian  for  aa  infant  ;•  but  not  a 
gmrdum  ad  Bttm,'*  a  tmstw  for  his  eeUui 
fwr  irtut.'*  an  aUomey  for  his  client;'  an 

Barb.  Ch.  4S».  l<:Ji?:'Arb.  ,;;^.*D!i.  Arb"(b* 


|.4). 


»9«; 


S  llaaf^tp:  4  Dsiiiu: 


4N.  H.»n;   i<llh».,»98;   it6Vt.4gj   /ooSffV 

J-r  K!Wij«.  k-ia. 


«S!  Kwtdl  Arb.  so t  »  P.  WsM.  4S-S0 :  a  Ve*.  Ch.  >a« . 


«.jF.w-..4j3^^<g,^; 

J67;  t  ^taib.  jjUi  14 
•  •»»■  «■ ;  ruaa.  C.  c:.  «4« ;  I  wtiatt.'3L ;  «  How'  U 

t-o«9-  JfJ;  3  CaiMs,  njj.    »«  Ruttph.  (Tran  >  lao 


'ii 


-*rart«|*M«»B(#j»!5';- . 


M^ 


AGENCY. 


■ttent  duly  authorised  >or  hla  prindp*l{*  do 
executor  or  admi'iiistrvtor  at  bk  own  peril,  but 
not  thereby  necetuMril^  admitting  oMCtt ;  ■  as- 
nignees  untlvr  )>ankrdptcy  and  imoivcncy  tawi 
under  Matutory  rmuictiont,  the  right  iKing 
timitetl  in  alt  r«a«t  te  that  which  the  ctcntoii 
acting  can  oiUrol  )>nd  legally  di*poa«  uf,'  imt 
n«t  iMtlttdiuf^  a  ]>«rtner  foi  a  partnemhip.' 

The  subqiimiiun  whicl).  define*  and  limit*,  as 
well  an  co.iferj  And  imiwse*  the  duty  af  the 
arbttratcr,  must !«  followed  by  hlin  in  hi»  cotv 
duct  of  the  ewoni :  but  a  fair  and  liberal  con- 
ttniction  M  allowed  in  i!»  interpretation.*  If 
general,  it  submitii  both  law  and  fact.'  If  limited, 
the  arbttmior  cannot  exceed  his  authority.* 

n*  avtard  U  the  judgment  or  detkion  of 
arbitraton,  or  refcreea,  or  umpitot,  on  the  matter 
submitted  to  them.  The  writing  «»nitaintng 
wch  judgment.*  A  court  has  no  )xiwer  to 
•Iter  or  amend  an  a  ward. ^ 

Enfercemenl.     An  uward  may  b«  en- 

for-.-ed  by  an  action  at  law,  which  in  the  only 
remedy  for  diiiobedience  when  the  tubmitwion 
bi  not  made  a  rule  of  court,  and  no  Matute  pro- 
vide a  «|i«cial  mode  of  enforcement.^ 

Form,     The  award  ihouid,  in  general, 

fallow  the  terms  of  the  submission,  which  fte- 
tjuer.'Sy  provides  the  time  and  manner  of 
mailing  and  publishing  the  award.  It  may  be 
oral  or  written,  at  by  deed.*  li  should  be 
(-^'gned  by  ell  the  arbitrtttors  in  the  presence  of 
each  other.  An  award  .will  be  sustained  by  (i 
lib«rHl  coditiruction,  dutt  it  may  be  supported 
sooner  than  be  lostt.* 

— -~  Effect.  An  Award  is  a  finid  cad  am- 
elusive  ittdgment  between  the  parties  on  all  the 

«^  Tmmt.  37«.  JM:  »  B«m.  ft  C.  i6:  5  Id.  Mf :  t  Vr. 
*»»1 1»  Urn*,  4J9;  5  Orten  (N.J.)  a ;  119  N  K.  403;  8 
«.  V.  ««rj.  M-a  Sir.  ««44;  5  T.  R.  6;  »  Id.  453;  5 
Mass.  t<i:  so  Pick.  s*4:  etcirii-As;  s  Uoar.  ««>;  6 
Cona.  <>(t :  M«  s  Bins,  ana',  i  nwrb.  419 :  3 Harr.  N  J. 

i   44*-    V-4MaHi.  78;  6  MuMf,«(^  4Monr.  sfiraiJHIim. 

"  m-  W-3  Bing.  101 .-  Hc4i,  143:  I  Cr.  M.  A  It.  «8i  i  i 
f».  »*i ;  19  Johm.  IJ7;  ■  N.  H. ;  s  GUI  ft  J.  4i» ;  »»  S. 
ft  R^43:  Co«.  Part.  M  430,  47*;  j  Kott  Coatw.  49. 
X-i  wms.  SrJiMl. ;  95  Cn>.  Car.  nO;  11  Ark.  4ni  3 


Penn.St.  114;  I 

•<:<«Mi,  ■ 


.  187.  /-7  ind.  40.  s-ii  &sK' 
CtM.  Cm.  >37:  BdunaiAw.  119 


^waast.  40:  9  ChtCt.  316}  g  X«it.  a<6;    5  Baro.  & 


Afb.  >n:  RimnmI  Arb.  gu;  3  Bouv.  Inst.  a. 
My.  Im  Dutch.  13a;  «CbI.  17^;  r«;f.  V.  9: 
)SS.    C^Ve*.  ttj;  t7  Id,  931 ;  19  Id.  431;   t 


^w.      «    ^..•■ii.«.     J*v^     3     ■■■*.    www,        5 

rAM. sp*:  4  Bara.  ft  C.  lo];  1  Dowt.  ft  R.  106:  j  C.  B 

<f-3  Bulttr.  til;   ao  Vt.  s8g.    »t  N.  H.  t«6; 

101.  i8t:  8  Md.  ■»«;  I  Ind.  310,- 


s  Pick.  534  i   4  V 

I*  le.  477 i  S9  Pann.  St.  s^ii ;  Read.  Aw.  110.    ^3  H. 


ttajfia- 113;  3  East,  ij 


t4(:4DaIl.no;itfVe. 


»».»»;  »S  Mns- »?7;  $  Wsnd.s«8;  t  CbI.«m:  « 
Rawic,  4it,  4w;  7  Walts,  tu  j  if  Coou,  s^;  il  lie. 
ts« :  ••  Ah.  (K.  S.)  «S.  l*Vaiaon  Arb.  «|^  tt  N.  Y 
9i  41  M*.  353.  JU3BaA.  »»»:  «8  Vi,  ••.n6t  A»ii*>M» 
a  Curii.  s«a  kOMW.  syi:  8tr.  fttji  i  Ck.  Cit.  >•«; 
2^  ftjM.  rtaA.  i4ti  94faM|;XatBB.  14«{  SOarir. 
3«t :  5  BaiB.  ft  Ad.aMi  13  lohaa.  •r. »«:  M  M.  »3J 

nek.  144:  J>  Cittii.  jn;  it  M«.  nt :  40  Id.  iMJ 


CoB)l.7is  sKwripc^ 


.)8a;  I  Bun.  toot 


S  nai 


Sc  »74t  /■  OM  ft  jf.  >sil,  iHi  Ueu  Sd.  CteTSs;  13 

17/:  1-  " "^   "'  "■ 

tt  Johna.  <i !  I  Call,  jeo :  7  I 
:  %  Ad.  ft  B.  147;  «  Sim.  ft  S. 

jS.  ft  R.  340:  I  Id.  30J ;  9  Joins. 
43;  13  Id.  187J  M  Waad.  tS5i  sjBaA.  tf7;|9«iA', 


.   .    jAhussi:  yCrss^.  S9$;  M«>7Sira~ -.  ~ 
,  B.  tjA;  It  JohiMi.  il :  >  Call,  jeo:  7  Penn.  3t.  134 
Burr.  375;  5  Ad.  ft  B.  147;  *  Sim.  ft  S.  tto :  >  Vem 
«I4;  a  BuMr.  s6o:  iS.  ft  R.  340:  t  Id.  39: 


matters  refermtd  by  the  submli&iAtt.  It  tran* 
fen  procwrty  as  much  a«  the  verdict  (vf  a  Jury, 
And  wili  nrevcnt  the  operation  of  the  itatule 
n(  limitations.'  A  verbal  or  wniten  award  'ol 
lowing  a  verbal  or  written  subnii^niun  will  have 
the  same  effect  as  an  agreeitient  of  the  same 
form  directly  between  the  |i«rties.«  The  riglu 
of  r«il  property  cannot  shv*  pas*  by  mtrc 
award ;  but  no  doubt  an  cirbilratar  may  award 
a  conveyance  or  release  of  lard,  anrt  require 
deeds,  and  it  will  be  a  liruach  of  the  agreement 
and  arbitration  bond  to  refuse  compliance ;  anri 
courtf  will  iKNnetim<:«  enforce  this  speti^lly.'i 

Arbitrament  and  award  may  be  plaSded  to 
an  action  concerning  the  mit.I!  stsbject-nialier, 
and  will  bar  the  action.*  To  an  action  o«i  the 
award  nothing  can  be  pleaded  a^ast  the 
award ;  not  eveii  fraud > 

To  be  conclusive,  the  nw»rd  ihotitd  be  con- 
sonant with,  and  follow  the  submission,  and 
affect  only  the  patties  to  the  submijiion;  oeher 
wise,  it  IS  an  assumption  of  power,  and  not 
binding:.^  It  must  be  fiiy&l  and  certain,'  con- 
clusively adjudicating  all  llie  matters  aub- 
mitted,*  and  Mating  the  deciiion  in'  sach  Ian- 
page  as  to  leave  tto  doubt  of  the  arbitrator's 
intention,  or  the  nature  and  extent  of  the 
dutios.impMed  by  it  on  the  parties."  It  must 
be  possible  to  be  performed,  and  mtsst  not 
direc>  anything  to  be  done  which  is  contrary 
to  law.o  It  must  be  without  palpable  or  ap- 
parent mistake.'  An  award  aiay  be  in  part 
g«K)d,  awd  in  part  void  j  3n  whtch  case  it  will 
be  enforced  so  far  as  valid,  if  the  good  part  is 
separable  from  the  bad.* 

405 ;  7  W«<-  (M»M.)  316 ;  4  Ciish.  .17,  35^;  I  Gray,  41  j 


«•  Id.  M»:  aadse«4 
MM)  Hd.  13s;  I 


.      -                   ..  .     .  -I-  7" 

»w;  J  Wheat.  J5f4;  11  Id.  446; 
Com.  so :  6  JohM,  39 ;  6  Maiw.  4«. 
McMniA.  30$ :  «  OU.  109.  n%  Cai.  ago,  aaH  '^sct 
above;  an  awiutl  nKerWng  the  detetmlDtUon  of  fiiturc 
disputes,  6  Md.  13s ;  or  directing  a  bond  without  nauint 
H  pmahy,  5  Co.  77;  RcJI.  Abr  Art.  1,4:  Or  tfcaf  oiw 
shall  give  sMUTity  <br  the  periormacec  of  Some  act  or 
iMymsat  ofssoney,  wItlKHtt  tp«ciMma  Mad  ^wcurity. 
art  SnvkUd,  VIr,.  KhirArk.  tu;  Bac,  Abr.  Jbi.  K.  11, 
ai,d  cMNts  above.  4».i  d.  Cm,  87;  3 Taunt.  4<4j  is 
Mod.  38j)j  •  Bam.  ft  AM.  js*;  kh%.  asi:  I  0087384: 
- ijiiwrnbavoMfritdbm!! 


4  Id.  i^i  4  GUI  ft  J.  998 


Esny  tc  pay  a  som  of  money  at  a  day  past,  ordfaaet 
Im  to  conunit  a  ttespass,  Moinr,  or  an  act  wnieh  would 
saaMtbinteaaiijetloB:  aChRt.  fM:  iM.ftW.sya; 
or  n  it  ba  of  tbtngt  nuiatonr  and  omrln|  no  advaman 
to  diber  of  dtc jpaniea,  6  J.  V.  Moot*,  «iv    »«  Call 


C.C.«i:  3  B.ft  P-syi;  >  Didi,, 
133 ;  fer  if  the  arUtxator  acleBewic>%o  that  be  iiud«a 
•skiake,  of  if  ,ui  tnw  flu  eontnuuiBoa  ibr  laataiM*}  is! 
anjisrent  on  t^«  thee  oTth*  award,  It  wilt  net  ba  nee,  4 
Sfsk.  <»7;  •  Stocfct. ,«;  »  Dmc^i.  rjo;  n  N.  KAi 
It  Cush.  549!  j8  Bsrt.  3.14;  •  Jpbui.  Q.  jM;  sy  yt 


Zsb.  617 :  •  SUocfct.  .m;  »  DMeb.  rjo;  n  N. 
It  Ctwh.  M9J  li  Bu«.  344!  •  Johui.  Ch.  3M:  sy^V 
s4« ;  •  Md.  act:  4CaJL  £45;  5  Id.  ^i  fbrab|M«gb«ii 
arNtrator  aunr  daddii  eonmry  to  tew,  yet  if  IM  award 
slMnna  t»  RflowA*  law,  iMt  ftih  to  do  seftvMsdw 
mistake  o|  the  arbhrator,  it  wffl  be  void,  3  Md.  isj ;  15 
ni.  4»t :  .«Vt.  4««»  «5:  4  N. ».  '^47!  jy  W«rs44 
<Hw Mod. aoa s  m id. rt» ;  Cro. Jac. «i4 ;„? I5M. »4 ; 
3  I.tf».  4>J,-  00*.  ««4:^i  Taunt  697:  »  Wend.  yJTi  s 
Cow.  197;  13  Jeha*. »f}:  a  Cat  ass:  t  Ma.  saa;  is 
Ctnh.  37:  eorsei^  (K,  T.>  147;  t  Ducd».  081 :  i  Raad. 
44?:  «  Hen.  ft  M.  6j;  Hai^ln.i 
Vj.  34; ;  a  Swarot.  aij ;  a  ~  ' 
ftj.  lOiSWlMM,  3M. 


-Iar<iin,  318:  3  Dans,  ^j  a< 
iCal.  ft;  4l«d.  S48:  flinr. 


by  the  submUdAii.    It  tnni 
(luch  u  ih«  verdict  of  a  jury, 

the  operftliun  of  tbe  atatute 
A  verbal  or  wriMen  award  ♦bl 
»r  written  iybniiMtwi  will  have 
«»  an  agreeiticiit  of  the  wnii- 
ween  the  |)itrtiet.<  The  righr 
cannot  ihiix  paaa  by  mtn 
oubt  an  arbitrator  may  awans 

reieafte  a<  hrA,  anrt  require 
I  be  a  hruach  of  the  agreement 
and  to  refufic  compliance }  aiwi 
Inta  enforce  this  spet.i^lly>{ 
nd  award  may  be  {[;!e«ded  lo 
ling  the  ntxr.r.  sahject-nialter, 
action.'  To  am  action  o»i  the 
can   be  pleadod  a|pdut  the 

fraad> 

ve,  the  nwiird  thottid  tm  con- 
i  follow  the  submttiion,  and 
itiea  io  the  subuii^sion;  oCher' 
ttum^nion  of  power,  and  not 
»st  be  find  and  certain,'  con- 
»ting  aU  ihe  matters  aub- 
ing  the  decinon  in'  aach  lan- 
?e  no  doubt  of  the  arbitrator's 
e  nature  and  extent  of  the 
jy  it  on  She  portiea."  It  most 
be  performed,  and  mast  not 
to  be  done  which  i»  contrary 
t  be  without  palpable  or  ap- 
An  award  »av  be  in  part 
1  void ;  }n  wh;ch  case  it  will 
r  tst  valid,  if  the  good  part  is 
le  bad.< 

3i« ;  1  Cu»h.  ,1;,  !k4;  I  ftwy.  4>« : 
)4;  »  Oner,  N.  J.  J33;  (Hifct.90; 
*"  '     a;  t  Harr.  ft 


II  li.   .. 

30;  eMwfi.  46, 

li.  M9.     n -3  Cai 

«rWnc  the  detcnalnw 
or  ■■      ■ 


♦46;  «»  '^r^U ?"«'••*< 

M9.     n  3  Cai.  tgo,  aaH  caact 
'utiont " 


_  -of  fifture 

:r  diracUaii;  a  bond  wiihous  natalnt 
RoM.  Abr  Art.  »,4:  «r  thar  one 
ftr  the  partomaoM  or  itamn  act  or 
viilMMi  •p«ciMBBf  kiad^iMcurity, 
t.'Ark.  tit;  Bac,  Abr.  Art,  £,  ii, 
»-i  C3|.  Cat,  t;:  $  Taunt.  4541  i* 
kAU.  5il;  Kh«.  asi;  (Dan.  304; 
J.  igt;  it  w«l  ba  v^  (fit  dlMeta 
1  oTnoDcy  at  adayiiaM.ordltaet 
isaM,  Momr,  or  aa  act  whidi  would 
tloa:  *Chfti.M4:  iM.ft  V.sr*; 
nugaton  and  otlMnf  no  advaaup 
lict,  6  J.  V.  Moon,  n%,  mt  OtS. 
.  3r>  IX  Dafi.  4l7£  «!4etT<Ma«) 
a<or  acVaewte4|e;>  that  he  madca 
rot  (la  eonputatien  ibr  laataiHw}  is! 
offfic  amud,  ii  Witt  atst  b>  nea,  4 
«;  »  Dutdi.  >3B;  M  H.  M,ik. 
*b,  344!  •  Ji*us.  <S.  m;  at  Vt 
alt.  S4s:  si(i-,<ao:  forflflwngkaB 
ti  eoattanr  to  tew,  yet  if  ua  award 
b*  faiw,  tat  fcik  to  do  10  A««  th* 
rawr,  it  wjO  bavold.  3  Mi.  3^;  15 

d.  5*7 :  CcD.  Jac.  «i4 :  !<  Imril.  «>4 ; 
«*!  I  Tarn*.  «»7:  »  Wjnd,  pi;  s 
>.  »f.f;  a  Cat.  ajs:  t  lla.  jeo;  it 
^?.Jf>*<7;  tIhKc^-a*i:  t  Raad. 
Sj,  Harrfin,  31$:  s  Daoa.  ^1:  at 
>i:  aCid.  7/;  4liid.  94S:  SRatr. 


AGENCY. 


— -  SrtttMf  asidt.  All  awaru  will  not  be 
disturbed  except  for  very  cogent  reasons.  It 
will  tie  set  aside  for  misconduct,  corruption,  or 
irregularity  of  the  arbitrator,  which  has,  or  may 
h»yfs,  injured  one  of  the  jiartics.'  For  errtir  in 
fact,  or  in  attempting  to  follow  the  law,  appar- 
ent on  the  face  of  the  award;  for  uncertainty 
<ir  inconti^aency ;  for  an  exceeding  his  authority 
(•V  the  arbitrator;"  when  it  i»  not  final  and  con- 
cliwive,  without  reserve;  when  a  party  or  wit- 
ness hM  been  at  fault,  or  has  made  a  mistake; 
or  when  the  arbitrator  acknowledges  that  he 
iijn  made  a  mistake  or  error  in  his  de';ision. 

ABBrmATPtoBr  roBnm. 

>  -k..  "»  additional  formi  ■«•  Plbaoinos. 

When.  She  p.rtia  Intend  to  refer  ali  Aitoaxci.  iho 
f:««.rll^*  '•*'T"  "'ould  be,  ••  of  .11  nuiUr.  ?A  di' 
fcwnce  iMiween  the  jwrtle.;"  but  where  the  reference 
relates  m  matttf  111  a  particular  cause  only  It  ahould  b« 

«(  aid  m.itteni  of  difference  In  the  caused "•  ' 

Know  all  men  by  tliaaa  preaonta : 


That  wc,  tlia  undsraianad,  do  herabv  mutuailv 
acraa  to  submit  alt  the  mattara  In  dlXrTne,  bZ 
i«?"  ?••  •'•'•'y  nama,  kind,  and  natura.  to  tha 

That  aaid  orMtrator  (#r  arbliraion,  «-  any  two  of 
??ii!;'^y5'T^  ??•'"•.?•'  •""•  datarmlna  uTa  Min?. 
L^-^^y"**"'-  •?''  •*■■»«•  »»>a  payment  of  tha 
costt  (and  e«peiije»)lncurTad  in  auch  aVbUraUM  1 

Thai  aoid  arbitrator  shall  raaka  hla  ("r  dSri 
awwd  in  writtag.  on  or  baiora  tha  —  day  of-— 

^TMimitfoM— Bakaaiaat^^  AcMaMma. 

ThfTJ!"  ■••I  •>/  thaaa  praaanta : 

Tnar.  diveta  diaputaa  and  c«ntroveraiaa  hai» 

UMf^i  '  *""*"■■  ««»  eoncanUng 

That,  for  thn  daciding  and  andiog  tha  aama  it 

D.rtl« '.hiS*^''-.'^'  JV  •»dT.t^Mo"ild 
partiaa.  that  all  mattara  In  varianea  betvwMn 

™!J?.:.*»"fy.?«  *^  conearnlng  iulJd  ww 

n.tii» -I?  aS*S  ?••  •'blUamaBt  and  datarml- 
Sam  ■••  ■•  '  •  •^  *•  *•• "  ""y  »*»™f 

Ka«w  all  aaaa  by  theaa  praaaata  1 


arbiter.),  ready  to  ba  delivarad  to  ua,  o»  althar  of 

uajon  or  bafora  the day  of .  A.  D  _ 

_Wltnaiia  our  hands,  this day  of A   D 

|»V/«„„.l  <-^^"'^>         ^;g;  ■ 

tS'T'^H*  "••"  '•y Jhtsa  praaaiitaf  ' 

and  ara  now  aalatlng  and  pandlng.  between  A.' 

mnk?LZ~\  V^  9-  °  ' "'  — :• '"  '•'•"on  to  diver; 
•ublocts    i  controvaroy  and  diatiuta. 

n.u  AM? i'.iJl*  ••*'•  *•  ■■.•'"'  C  "  .  do  haraby  aub- 
HI  ^lVi*!I""*"  ^  »•'•  •rbltraraent  of  X.kI 
.J^Ia  Jy  .'  V  *"y  ***•>  «•'  *»«•»».  to  arbitrate 
?«!f-l  •"••'.  Judge  and  datermin.  of  and"" 
£212  2R.!^  manner  of  actions,  suit..  blUa.  bonda, 
t52iS^^dl!!2-•'°!i••w5"'^.•''•  wntroVaralaa; 
I!?!,'^^*"' "'"*?«•■•  ^•'•'•>  «>almi.  damanda.  an^ 

iMuiSa  ^K^""'  ^•'••♦'''ora  had,  poaaaaaad.  In- 
atitutad,  Buad   out,  proaecutad,   made,   becan 

«".:r'3r.:?iir:rTdi;;;.'«'y'"~'  "»•»-•"'  -'-  »«'■ 

.kT!!."?? •*  f^f^  ahallba  mads  In  writing,  under 
«Jd,'{^"'^'^  *  arWtratora,  or  any  two  oTJham' 
Ih!^-*°  •?  f,*'J'"r"*  "»  •■•«•  partiaa.  or  auch  ol* 
^dSS^—*  Mme.on  or"  bafor,  the 

—!*•-?»'*'"' i?'*''^.»''*l'' '"  •"  things,  by  ua.  and 

_Wltneaa  our  handa  (and  leala)  thia day  of 

W.  T..  M.  •.,  WZ/a^m,.  c  D  &\ 

S^^Vn'"*'*..'*^'^*''  Praaa.it.r'^  "~'  "'• 

.a2't:*orD°-^"^dS;aMr  •"•-"»••«'"«>«  •'«*• 

.^Iii«r-"'  *^J*  •  [•"*>'«y  corporation  created 
and  ejdatlng  under  the  act  of  thalcglalaturalW 
Oenertl  AisemWy )  of  tha  «tata  of  —  •'"""'•  ^"^ 

»rr,^"  ^  '•"■'*  '**  """"■'  •^  '*''«■  •■"  '^«"-»- 

h«  A  a'*!!**"*'?'!.'"*'"*  •"<•  •»•»*  corporation. 
dX  t»^i:i2  ■••"*•  ^'•"n*"  lawfully  authorliad 
do  by  thaaa  prMsnta  nominate  tni  appoint  A. 

aV;  ifco'r j.vU%''.raid^,':j£» 

In  witaaa-,  a*e. 

Ml2*fri^SS?T2![i'**  •»«•«  Md  have  for  a  Itoac 
Uma  oaiatad  batwaon  A.  B.,  of , and  C.  dJ, 


trovaaa^^ij.  "tf jff^y?*^  -^^^ 

.aaiatiag  orjNM  by  and  batwaan  i 


«  u.  loj:  ijOrait.  $3j:  T4Tex.  sd-  tg p^.V$t.  514; 


an  manner  of  actlttpa,  cauaa  and  cauaoa  of  utialr 

»«ton).  who  (#     ;      two  of  thei)  ahallarWtraU 
That  aaid  arl>.-rat»r8  ahaU   hnw  nowar  ta 

Mmedjoua,  or  either  of  ua.  an  or  baftwa  the  ■— 
"TjW  la  aaae  atUd  arWtnttora  do  not  make  their 


hi  «.M  .  jEETr'"*  '■"  """■«  aao  indoned  hereon) 


it^^^fiiilittf>i^'»*M*^\<iimi»i''*^'t' 


rnvHotummmuiis^-  a 


Afm^fw. 


»t' 


1;. 

'1: 


•A«  umplrac*  !■  writlBf  on  or  bafer*  Uia  -     iaji 

of ..      ,. 


Hit 


T:H  .\%  mM  pturtlM  4«  mvtiwUy  ««v«nMt  i 
wit\k  Mch  oth«f  that  th*  award  (aad  war 
nMiit  aa  aforaaaM  akall  (:  v  aach  o''  -ham  aa< 


Uwat  raaraiantaUtmt  ka  wall  ani   lUtlihiUy  ii.*i>.t, 
•Mt'vvaJl,  and  parfirnad.  „,_...  . 


(Jjraarf) 


I  parfi  rna4. 
W.  taaaa  our  kaada, «(» 

W.  ?.,  M.  t.  {wittwt.iuf. 

Kaw"  ■,(,  maofcjr*"-' "J  ?''•••••••' 

fid' ;.  i»  t  sutfavafay  r,.  ■»<»'','■  aaiMlaa  *■<  vandtbrt 

la^waaa  A.  •.,  a# .  ati4  C  0..  «f -— -, «»  w* 

Uea  to    MMr  wAai/,  m/  ar  «iieha  .     or  ho  «  <•  aa- 

larMBialdi  ixr.' 'm  at ,  »•,  .>.<  —   d«»-j' ,!** 

paai.  whareb, ,  <,Wi.,il1int  tiu  ntaUt  *  «r«*(J'»»w*.f>. 
^ibat  aaM  A.  9.  and  C.  D.  A>  «iwt>  V)    aij^""^ 


:.att< 


,K..B. 


mM  aoatrovaray  to  tha  arMUae 
I.,  mat  T.  K-,  or  any  two  -.A  tbaia 

Tlwt  aal4  >i.  war*  akall  ka  ma4c  ««  « 't'^<«f  r»,it. 
dar  t^a  han4».  of  aal4  arkttratora.  vr  a«i>  twc  s:>r 
a»r:-  raady  to  k«  4aitvarad  to  aald  partlaa,  or 
%%''^\  i.f  itbam  aa  may  daaira  tba  aana,  ob  or  bo- 

fe, ',  <»i    day  of oaat. 

That  laid  award  akall  In  all  thinca  kf  «a  a»d 
tni.eh  or  ua  ka  wall  aad  faitklliUy  ko|i"  "kaanrad. 
isirtJ  carformad. 
Witnoaa  our  kanda,  ate.  A.  B. 

W.  T.,  H.  «.  {wilmnut).  &  O. 

ChmutltitimtritJ  m  tkt  fnttJi^fi' 
kig  I*  thttmutmmen  : 
Cowcaamim  Accoinrra. 
Tkat  •  aoatrovany  kaa  ariaaa  katwt.^^ 
partlaa  coaeanrtag  an  aeeoant  (a  copy  of  ^<>>«»i  h 
howmio  atlachad.  anriwd  A.},  and  to  to  wi  atlior 
aaM  A.  B.  avar  daHvarad  ttta  («<«!#  t<  .W,  ^m- 
Hoaad  tharaln,  or  aay  part  tkaraof ;  and  ir>i>,  tha 
vahia  aad  artea  tkataof,  aad  within  what   ima 
aald  C.  D.  abatt  My  tha  kalaaea  dua  upon  aald 
aocoaat. 

CoHCBamMO  Amhuity. 
That  W.  •.,  wldQW  of  A»  B..dacaaaad,  wan  aa. 
'  ta  dawor  la  tha  feUawing  daacrttod  r«al 

I,  which  had  '  "     *  ~  *-  -- 

aa,altiiatadl 


which  had  balMutad  to  aald  A.  B.  in  hto 

fetlaia.altiiatadla — sto  wit  ^wHMar  A). 

That  aald  raal  aatau  waa  aoM  by  H.  B.,har  ef 
aald  A.  B..to  P.  B.,aaid  W.  a  a«nwiH«*t^« 
aa  har  ahara  thaniof  (ha  quartwhr  mmul  -— 
danafB,toha*acaradaadp«M  tabaadariag  har 
tUMlma  la  tlaa  ef  aaid  dawar. 

That  a  coa«roveray  baa  ariaaa  batwaaa  aald 
parUaa  aa  «a  what  oaartarly  aum  la  a  nir  oqiklva: 
Cat  la  ilaa  ef  aaid  dower,  and  what  amaant  ef 
aacttrity,  aad  tha^natiire  meraaf,  la  wicaaaary  ta 
be  givea  by  aaid  H.  a  to  W.  & 

foNCBawMa  BovNoanaa. 

'    ^that  a  cantrovar0«si8t*  batweea  the  uader- 

aimd  4.  a  and  CD,,  conc«ia«  the  bei^b» 

aaddWiaiea  Una*  of  th£  Miewiaf  daacribad 

trneia  and  parccta  of  land  idt«Mtad  in ,  to  wit 

(JmtWMw  fM*m  arndtUthtg  thtfarU  *•  oMtnmtrv)- 
CoHcaaNiNc  Ho(j«»  TaMW. 

That  a  eaatrwraray  aidata  betweeh  A,  B.  ud  C. 
D.  eeaecralaK  aa  eai^aage  of  henea  mmU)  be- 

twaaa^iam  at .In  -7-,  enjAe 3r:;^dajraf 

— >  wbaMtu  It  ie  tlaim 
boree  eaabaasad  by  Mi 


I  i  WaaM  A.  a  1*«t  «be 
i  C.1).  WM  Mwkiht  wav 
reapect,asd  W'-.  ^^IMy 


■•tdA.%V*"*h'»«^  *•  mefca  MM 
That  mM  beraa  wa^  A9t  at  tittnine 
.Juuge  aeuad  aa  warrantad  Iq  wa  tr«: 

That  A.  a,  C  D.,  aad  B.  K .  -^  ■:  -  ^- . 


baalaaaa  under  tb«  flrm<aaaMe 
areabevt  to  dtaaohra  aald  par. 
Tbat  a  coatn>««ragF 


rwdalaf 


eaaaeralat  _<ili*  :ay 

by  Md  batwfenaald  partlM) 
d^of— >-laal..  ^  -v  _ 

OMNcaamaa  Svrt  Pbmmim. 
That  thh)  MVbMiMiaa  AM  nat  am' 
cantlatMtBca  of  tha  aauaa.  Mo.  — ,  a  & 
«8.  &.  D..  etc..  new  pMfl^K  >»^M - 

hareef»aad  tbat  ita^Sct  aa  ta  aucbaolt 


proaaediaga  uatU  auck 

j|  aaid  aukmlaaloa  ahaU 

jt  te  ravobad. 

TiTLf  AMD  TaaavAM 

'  »>!iaw  katweoa  A .  *!.  and  C 

a*  aad  rteht  M      ^aaaalon 


iih«i$i  ka  »ii 
dtaaontir').u»«ei 
l»(i«oraa  I  :'.apara( '  ■>  ■'^ 
«■  Kcrar.',   '. 
!lMtta.\  "»rlro»-  ': 
Jk>.  «nit-«*vaiaf  '  Wv      .... 

of  tha  loUowlii^  K'tui  aauta.  aiiuatad  ^    (t/t 

tr0ttur  //).  wharaon  vwrieua  traapaaaaa  have  kaan 
eomauttod  ky  C.  U.  and  hto  aarvaata,  la  thia 
I  :Mim  Ik*  matmr*  «/ 1^  h-Hftt***!  tmd  aawa<  V 

*'**•'•  Am^lm. 

Tbat  A.  a,  •>!  — -i  c^aia'the  title  aad  right  oi 

poaaar^tojt  -ni  tMa  ■eUciwiag  daaarlked  pramia**, 

aitaat«i  in  -  -  UUttMut  «*«»)■ 

That  C  t.*..nr ,  claimlag  Utla  thereto,  and 

v\%^\  jf  we«iM'«ioi),  with  hto  aarvaata,  entat«d 
ticH>:ii  «ell  '^**t  *a4a  and  (ttmu  wluU  thtrnft  imi 

T^t  by  reawm  thereof  aaid  A.  a  alaima  to 
<>»va  auatainad doUara  damage. 

CoMCBKMtRG  WAoaa. 

That  a  controvaray  axUta  between  A.  a  and  C. 

D.  aoncarning  wagaa  due  aaid  C.  D.  for  aervicta 

haratofora  randarad  aald  A.  B.  aa ,  from  thx 

day  of I  Hto  tha da»  of ,  wharaio 

C.  D.  elaima  (fM*  mW),  aad  A.  a  alaiaaa  (ttmlt 


Cowcaamao  Wakbanty  BaaAca. 
That  a  ceatrovarey  eaiata  betweea  A.  a  aad  C. 
D.  ceacar nine  a  certain  (itorae)  aaM  by  aaM  A.  a 

to  C.  D.,  at  — J  In ,  on  Jba day  ef -— , 

upon  the  aale  ef  wbleh  aaM  A.  a  warraatad  aald 
(horM)  to  be  aouad  in  e««ry  raMoet,  aad  which 
(horM)  It  to  alleged  waa  aat.  at  Aw  MaM  af  auck 
aato,  eauad  aa  warraatad. 

Kaaw  aU  men  bir.^Maa  araaeata  t 

That  A.  a  and  CD.  tava.  thto day  of 

,  A.  D.  ,  aabmittad  aU  their  aMtiera  to 

diffitranca.  af  avary  aaaM,  bind,  and  aataie.  ta 
A.B.  (B.l..aodT.ll.),taarbitrata,award,ard«r, 
Jodgo  aad  detamlae  af  aad  caaaarMag  wa 


That  we,  the  underaigaad.  Mad  eataeNdi  to  A. 

a  itrC.  D.lla  »•  aawaf dyiW8,tik«t  aaMC. 

O.  \»rk.  B.)aha&Mbmittothedeetoioaaadaward 

■ "  arbHraiar  (•r  aibUmtOfa.  •r  any  two  af  mW 

ra),  pravMaa  aaM  awnd  be  aaada  M  wrlt- 

-   -    -  "'   ._  gay  of  .>— ,  A.  D.  ~— • 


atbtaataral,  ^ 

lag.aaor  baCwe  the 


That'^^SeSma  bafadWS?«rC.  D.),oi| 
I  lafiaeaatauaaa  Ml  eabwit,  peiicKHij 

•rbHratara  named  aad  iilMtid  taraatd  i^--^ 
•   ta  award.  detar«ilM,  Mia,  and  atdtT^wM 

■er af  aaawaar  ntnma  af  fdifea, wiim, aantw 


IBM  tff  Mt^tt 


rrw  tft  »»ari  aawneatef  aaaw  jwd  »»ymea 
•aid  aitdMBtM^iwrtddd,  hMraver,  {"«.»■ 
award  be  mada  ^Ummmivutm  tta  fcutte  of 
•rbttratwm,  «e  Mw  tw»^tbeia,  wdrawb  la  be 
d  si»e»ad  to  aalgX»WM.gr  tmh  ti  ^JifmUmv 
d  «ire  th«<  aenM, aaa» bala«a tfaa--—  d(w«i---> 

,t  ,   *   ••  Hm.  oSa  oMgattMlMII  ba 

tMia  fuU  Ibrae 

"'fATB.arCD.) 


void,  otherwiaa  it  - — . , 


Stm*--Wkkmrt  Dlteemi^uiimfm  S»tl, 
•   •    fiftrvUiA.  that  this  eubmfiaion  a' 
operate  a  diaeodttkaaaea  or  etherwtta 


AGKNCY. 


I  mM  sitlMitMloa  alwU 
I  r«vok«4. 
.11  AMD  T«nr«M. 
•wkMwaas  A.  i^aMC 
Mi4  richt  kf  -aMMlon 
Uta,  ■itoatad  t  —  (i^- 
MM  tTwy—M  Iwvi  btan 
i»4  hto  MrvsRt*,  In  thi* 


_  It  of 
pnmiMs, 


lam  Um  VM»  ud  ftghi 
flac  4«MHbM  pnmii 

mlBf  Mtla  llMrcto,  nntf 
th  hla  MrvsMa,  mttwd 

mf  MM  A.  B.  «talai»  to 

Rci  Waium. 

lata  batw—  A-  B>  and  C. 

i«  a«M  C.  D.  far  aarvlcaa 

4  A.  B.  aa ,  from  thu 

My  of ,  wkarain 

),  aad  A.  B.  alaliiM  («fai< 

IMKAMTV  BaBACH. 

lata  katwaan  A.  •■  aa4  C. 
<hofM)a*MbyaaMA.  B. 

,  e«  tka day  of  — . 

mM  a.  U.  wafHMtatf  aaid 
avary  laafaat,  «■<  which 
I  aat.  at  tta  wm  af  aacb 
itf. 


SkfvMr*. 

laaraaaatai 

>.  Mva.  thta day  ol 

IttaA  all  tbalr  matian  la 


M,  Und,  aatf  aatvM,  ta 
»  arMtrata.  awafd.aMar, 
•f  tmA  cnaairalBc  tha 


inwl, 


«aA. 


wMck 


af — «laaara,tiUMaaidC. 
I  to  t  ha  Mciakw  aa4  award 
Mnataia.  «r  aay  tiM  of  Mid 
4  awoM  ba  M4a  to  wrH- 

—  day  of  — ,Ai  O.— — . 
•Mf)       C.a.<arA.a) 

D^of .a*  UM  mU 

(•rtha  paywMH  af  « 

J  raptaaa«t«tivaa  try 

aahaalt,  ptmm 

a,jS{g!uaa7aHk'f;'«r5i 

Mftaf  Mf)ail  m4  M  iMhi* 

!>'<#"  aattwi.  JKj.  aaiSa- 

and  aipaaoM  awwred 


►.'  M^waiB* 
ia,frattcji 
hanta  tbo 
^S  ohOcatieai 
loinl 


n 


_„fuU 
■^WLarCli.) 

thiH  antaSalOii  ahaB  • 
«c«  or  odMTwiM  aAwt  a 


•all  aow  ^ndlac  la  tha aaaat,  haiwaaa  aatd 

A.  B.  aad  C  O.,  without  an  award  mada  purao- 
•ni  to  tha  tanaa  haraof. 

Sum*— Oat*  V  ArMr4U0r$  Ctrnttrnpiettd 

•  And  awara  («r  affiraiad)  hanaady  and  Impar- 
ilttly  la  haar. 

Skmr—Um/irt  C*mitmttaH4. 

•  •  •  rrovidad,alae,  that  ifaatdarMtratora 
thaU  not,  within  tha  tima  Umltad,  maha  aald 
award,  datatMlaattaa.  Jadgmant  aad  ardara,  thaa 
•ad  la  avah  aaaa  tha  aania  ahall,  la  aU  raaaacw, 
la  Uiia  auaaar  and  with  r'ba  aM«t,  ha  Mada,  da- 

"  idgad  and  ordarad  hy  W.  B.  (a  par- 
iMalon  iadlfkraatiy  chaaaa  aa  uapin) 


i«rffllaad.ad)Ndgi 
•M  by  MM  arWlfal 
aa  ar  hafara  tha - 


■  dayaf — ,at- 


ArMtnttiMb— AM*lMt«Mit  cT  VmbIp*. 

rtmmitri  Mugrtttag. 


Art, 


That  hy  agraanant  (*r  Smd)  haaring  data  tha 
' — dayaf —.  tha  ntattcra  In  dii>faa«a,aM..ha' 
twaaa  A.  B.  and  C.  D.,  warn  hy  thaM  aahMlHad 
M  our  aaaatdarati-Hi  ta  hoar,  datarailna,  and 
award  tharaan  (w'th  pmvar  so  Mbat  aa  uaipira  la 
CM*  of  diaigraaaMM,  aic, ) 

That  wa  ar«  not  ahia  la  dalantlna  aaid  dUhr* 


That  wa  da  hy  thaaa  praaanta  ahoaaa 
appaint  U.  B.  ta  datanMiaa  aad  award  aald 
tara  la  dMhraaaa  Mua  aahwHtad,  puraHaat  ta 

t  IJV^  IMMMI* 

'       '  ,tWa d^fof — ^A.  D. 

A.Br.aL/t.B. 


Wltaaaaaar  handaii 


ArBitwilteB    »•«•—  to  AvMI 

A.  B..B.I.,aadT.B. 

OantlMian— Vav  ha««  haan  ehaaan  arhttntata 


M  prafliiaaa  mr  yam  inapaaiia  .  wmh  yav  maai 
•t — ,1a — ^-.aotha  — dayaf-*— .ail— a'alaeh 
~  U„  ta  haar  tha  aWnaWaaa  and  proafh  af 
yaura,  Ba.,  A.  B. 


CD. 


c.D.wia 

— ■•to— »anUl- 

-M.    D*MlMlcaattan4. 

Ai 


itag 
hatwaan  A.  B.  <«r  Mvtalf }  and 
-'--'-  ,aadT.  B.,i 


A.  B.,  B.  I.f  and  T.  B.,  at 
d^r  sf  — ,  at  —  a'elaah 
n4.   Vaw«,Ba.,  A.9. 


A>MBw|M«B   kmamrH  mf  AvMlMton. 

ThMa  aBdafifi  HUM  la  aMaa  hinfa  aaoM  oaa  auihor- 
iitd  by  law  W  tdMlaiatar  aaiha.  M  a  MaglMiMa,  notary 
piiblia,claihara  wart  ofiaoHd,  and  tka  Uha,  AaMra 
arWtiaiM  (aM  aajfrhwd  by  mm)  aaanat  adnJalatar  an 

Itata  •>--->    1;  BWfWar.ae.  ,  

Wa«  Bbi  tuMMailnaCt  apd  aaah  af  aa,  da  aav^ar* 
ally  ailaiia|f  ,»»■■»«  wtt  w»  <dlt  haiaatly  aad 
'''iJKStf'W'*|8!*i*!?!'8JSf  **'  ***  wtlatilii 
log  DoMv^an  A*  Bb  ana  &•!#.»  WMaii  aaau  oa  tmm 
Jtta«^<laaaiha«i^{walaa^jMjlj|tty  *^T^ 

oa  Oad.  A.  B.'tlK  V'X.  B. 

BwhaaHhid  aai  mutmrn  m  hajbti  om,  wa— - 
!«»•«— V  A.  ©8- — %  Agtmtm*  <<#fari»twf 


^^•^^W  91^VFW  ^^Ww  K^w  ^^^WBPp  tHUmtf 


•r  A*M«*B> 


Wa,  [tka  9»imil^X^mi)l^»^KU  aacfc  of 
-a,.d.  M^^^firTJ^^  tnay 

8»ArB.ai 


dactata  _ , 
partiiifly^WL 

whisrxtifi* 

and  aMfcaA  JiMl««»tiMlBJ 
'  wMtaMiahdIac;  aad 


^  traly 

aadtai' 

in 

andCn., 


laa  ta  Ha  lar  nrhttrnt 

BMraan*  aaaaidtag  ta 
rt^Ha  wa  d*  Mdar 


our 
tho 


,  A*tltrmt»r*. 

jwiiMaa'aanaa*     ' 

«ayar..^,A.R. 

(4|b<rr'«  awNf  Mrf^^bdi/ AMr.) 

»«Ho«  f>r.)i«ViM  Y.l4» Oka.  lift. 


ArBI*MMl4Mi-Aa4tovl«  m»  WU 

■tato  of ,  —  county,  aa. 

i  do  aolamnly  awaor,  that  tha  taallmony  1  ahall 
gtva  la  tha  mattor  of  arbitration  batwaan  A.  B. 
aadC.  D.,auhialttodtoA.  B..B.  I.,andT.  M.,arbl- 
tratara,  atiali  ho  tho  truth,  tho  wkola  uuth.and 
nothing  hut  tha  truth,  ao  holp  ma  Ood.     W.  S. 

Bubocribod  and  aworn  to  hafero  ma,  thia  — 

day  of ,  A.  O. . 

( QfUtr't  mmmt  mml  iflclm:  tUU.) 

Arlta«ni«l*»-Aflli«uiUmi  mt  Wltaaaik 

•tata  af , aaunty,  ao. 

I  da  («r  wa,  aad  aach  of  m,  do  tavatally)  aol«mnly, 
ainooraiy,  nnd  trjply  daalaro  a<»d  anrm,that  tho 
toatlmaay  I  (ar  wa)  ahall  giva.  In  Um  mattar  of  or* 
htlratlon  kotwoan  A.  B.  and  C  D.,  aukmlttod  m 
A.  B.,  B.  I.,  and  T.  B.,  nrhttrntora,  ahall  ho  tha 
truth, tho  whala  truth,  aad  aothlag  hut  tho  truth, 
aad  tkto  I  (ar  wa)  do  under  tho  palaa  and  poo- 
ahlaa  m  aaqury. 

iStrnd)      W.  ■..<«•  W.T.,N.S..««c.) 

•ab««rlkad  and  awmad  to  haibro  ma,  tnia  — — 
day  af — >.  A.  O .     (/hum*  amd  ^lUkU  tHlt.) 

AM%MnMmm  ABytaifiiBb  mt  AvBltMt* 

(•Mk 

ina  SuMiMaioK  Aoiummbwt,  oAmr. 

AvMdMiMMi— €MiMapMi««  AgrrwMMMi*. 

wa  barohy  agraa  that  tha  tlma  for  making  tho 
award  la  tha  mattara  ralbnod  hy  tho  within  (rr 
aanaaad)  atihmlialaa  ahaU  ha  aatandod  unto  na 
day  af .  (Stgnttl)       A.  B. 

WIUmB,  a.  B.,  B.  I.,  T.  B.  C.  D. 

ArMto«tlmi— ■•tr«c«tl*Bi  mt  r»w«i«. 

A  aaal  la  Baly  nacaaaary  to  tha  lovocattoa  If  tha  aak. 
ailaaloa  ba  WBifar  aaal.* 

A.B.,  B.I.,aadT.  B. 
-    Oantlaman    I  horehy  ravoka  your  pawara  aa 
arkUratara  uador  tha  agroemoot  af  auboUaaton 
(«r  bond)  oaterad  into  hoiwoan  A.  B^  a*d  Onyaalf, 
•ri&D.,ontha  — dayof— laat.         D.  & 

t)Mad  thia day  of — . 


A.  BTibaar  Mr— I  liavo  «bia  day  rovohod  tka 
powara  af  A.  B.,  B.  I.,  aad  T.  B.,  no  arMtratara 
uadar  tha  agraamant  of  auhmlaalon  (»r  bond),  on- 
'  lad  Into  hat  w  aon  ua  aa  tha  —  day  of  —  laat. 
aa  laatnimoat  of  whloh  tha  aaaaxad  la  a  ei 
—  dayof .  CI 


A«»Mra»la«   Awyi<.<l— •■ 

>  -        9fm  tti^  Anitraiar. 
Know  an  man  hy  thaaa  praaanta  t 


That  by  agraamant  (arboad) hoortag  data  tha — 
ayef—^  tho  mattara  la  dlflaroa^,  ate.,  batwoan 
A.  B.  aad  C  D.  wfra  bytfctm  aubmittad  to  tho 


conoldorattoa  of  tha  nndatalgBad  arbitrator,  ta 
haar.  datanalho.  aad  award  conaeralng  tha  aama. 

That  by  vbttno  of  aaid  agraamant  («r  bond),  and 
attar  haaring  tha  anagatjana  and  praolb  of  aaid 
partiaa,  and^OKamlwIag  tha  anklaata  In  contro- 
varay  batwaan  tham,  I  do  award,  datarmiao,  and 
ardor  aa  loliawa  t 

That,  ats.  {mM^  ant  tk*  mmtttrt  amd  lUap 
tmankd,  Attrm^ud  tmm  tnbrtd,  h/*H»wi^  tM 
tmimittiaa,  JHtraitaii^  aU  tkt  mmatrt  tmhiSutd, 
and  ttatiag  tk*  maard,  dittttaimatim,  amd  ardtri  tm 
imk  a  ammmtrmfta  Nam*  madimtt  ^ Uu arMrtUar^ 
iatratitm,  ar  tka  mmtmra  amd  ijttimt  ^  llu  datiit  6m- 
ttfdam  tkttartiu). 

Witaaaa  my  hand,  tiHa dayof ,  A.  Dl 

— -.  A.  K.,  Artitratar, 

ArBltmUaa— Atnw4i.  «•*•*■!  PMSi. 
ilfttaa  ar  warr  ArUtnalart. 

Know  ail  man  hf  thaaa  nraaonta.  that  wo,  tho 
indomtgnod,  arbttratora  of  all  tha  matiars  in  dif- 
Monco.  OT  ovwy  nnma,  bind,  aad  nnturn,  batwaan 


A.  B.  aad  C  D.,  by  virtua  of  thalr  agraamant  of 
aubmiaaien  of  aaid  ntattan,  datad  at  ——,  oa  tho 
— -  day  of  — ,  A.  O.  — '>  do  award,  order,  Judga 
and  dotanalno  of  aad  waaarnlag  the  aanM,  aa 
fbltowa: 

ThattOte.  (kan itati tka awowf. «aata— t'^ iMk 
aad  JaUtnttatt  tha  ja^aMbrlba.  aa  Mat  it  ad/itttt  amMa 
tktfartitM  U  tta  anmrd,  tta  muMtrM  tmlmStad.  m3k 
tbarmau,  ttrtaimlf,  mmd  mitkamt  attiiait  «r  dtmtt.) 

las. 


AOKNCY. 


la  wMmm  whw— f,  w  Im««,I«  MMk  Mhar'a 
fprMMM*.  haraunta  Mt  9tu  hasM,  tlita  -~  My 

of — ,  A.  D — .  iLm.,m.i.,r.»r 

ArkltmtNMi  ~Aw«r4.  «t«>M#r«l  r****. 

Af  lArrt.rr  m»rt,  «r  «M«  Ar4ilrmt»rt 
T*  •if  ta  wham  Ihaaa  fraaa«<a  alMll  caaia, 
kawwya.: 

Tlial  wa,  A.  R..  B.  I.,  «ii4  T.  ■.,  •rMlraiora,  la 
wiM«  waa  ■ubanUtad  tha  m*nara  In  aandovaray 
aalatlag  katwaaa  A.  B.  aa4  C  O.,  aa  by  agraa- 

maat  («r  bonl  of  laliailMlBa)  Maria«  4aU  »la 

4ayar —  .  mm*  ftUly  tmpmm 
Thai  wa,  ika  aai4  arMtmara,  katag  >••*  4Miy 


«vara,  kaar4  Ika  all^nntaaa  an*  praafc  aa4 
filtoaa  at  parUaa,  aai  awailaai  Um  ■amw  la 
raatravaray  auk«itta4,  4a  fMka  tha  tellawtag 
awar4  aB4  Aatarmlaattaa  i   * 
Thal^ata.,  (A#r»  mmtHkt  mattiri  mtmnhd  amd 

In  witnaaa  wharcof,  wa  bava  karaaata  a«^ 

aaribad  tkaaa  praaania,  tblk 4*y  af  — ;  A.  D. 

— — >  A.  >.,  >.  I..  T.  >.,  AvMlf%tn  ». 

Arfcltrxton— AwH^  Mawawl  yaii. 
Bf  Mrtt,  M-  MMnr,  «r  h*»  ArUtnUtrt. 

To  all  ta  wham  thaaa  yraaaaia  ahall  cama,  ar 
■lay  coaaarn,  know  ya  i 

That  tka  matlara  la  eaBtravaray  aslaUag  ba- 
twaan  A.  B.,or — ,aa4C.  D.,ar— ,aa  ky  Uia 
condltlaaa  ar  thair  raaaaatlva  bontfa  m  awbmia' 
alan  aMaatad  hy  aaM  ^artlaa  raapactlvaly,  aach 
ta  tha  otkar  («r  by  ikair  iHtaUMlon  In  wriilNg),  kaat- 

lag  4ata  tha  — -  4ay  ar ,  mora  lUUy  awaara, 

waa  aakafitttMl  ta  A.  R..  B.  I..  an4  T.  K..  ST^' 


Tkataald  arWtratara  baiag  awara  ,'*r  aBnaad) 
aeaardtag  t«  law,  aa4  having  haartl  tka  mnam 
aad  allagatlena  of  tka  fartlaa,  aa4  aaailaa^  tha 
mattan  la  caatrevaiay  ky  tbaai  aakiltta^,  4a 
laaka  tMa,  tkak  awani,  la  writtag  i 


lo  wltaaaa  wk^raaf,  wa  hava  haiaaaba  aak- 
aerikatf  aar  aaaaa.  thia  — -  4ay  •T— ->  A.  D. 

■"'■""%  A*  K*(i  B*   laf  T>  Ra|  ^fVMffiMjlNV* 


Bfikvtt, 
Ta  aH  ta  wham  ihtaa 
A.  K.,  8>  1.,  and  T.  R.. 
WiMtaaa,  tf  ivara  aaHa 


_  ita jftaB  aama,  wa, 
kfta  gfaatlagi 
aaa  aaatt iwwriM  >'.v^ 

lanAarayat  aanMag  katwaan  A.  B.,  af    ~-, 

a«4  c.  D.,af  — —,  nr  tha  daMnalaaita*  af  wMck 
aaid  A.  B.  and  C.  0.  hava  aakMiltMd  tbamtahraa, 
and  kaaama  kaaad  aath  ta  tha  atkart  ky  thrir 
aavaral  ohMgaUaaa,  4at«4  fta  -—  day  Vf -— .'In 
tha  aota  af  — -  dalfan,  wMi  aaadMaaa  thardn, 
ta ahida hy, tMMMrt, and  ha«»  tka nrwd.datar* 
■daatlaBt  aai  )i^[iiiaa|  af  wUd  AJR^  ■•  <<  ■  hkfj 
T*  R«t  artMnffatoffai  HMlwMnMMiy  ahaaaat  aa  ^ttvx 

MM,  aad  JMi|«  ar  aad  kaMvrtBing  al|a««  i^ 
WMlWMVWr  MlldtiiC  b<t,y«ii  Mml  A* 

Dak  IrOni  wM 

aad  data  ar  I 

and  that  Hi 

i*^uald 


MOrtiMW 


Bta(«< 


S: 


nMWMia  — 

,-1 M  In  wiltug,  ttadaff  atw  ha^pa  (aad 

aaab),  <>■  ar  hanra  ttM>~~dayot-~,wili]rMld 
^UMt^M  aad  caafitiMB  aan  IWty  divtiM. 

.  t£Sm!!<iMN!d^*«v*-lMkMT>M<.taMB« 
hpM  «•  tha  aharaa  er  aatdMthfkraaMMjMd 
awaid,  kaiag  dahr  awarih  aad  hawlag  da9w«'« 
ataly  aad  at  iatga  haartf  aad  aaMMwad  wm 

aHaMiiawi  ai  haul  paiUaa  aad  wMMMiMi>aaA* 
ewiSag  aaM  pnmtmm,  da  taha  wai  ••»» 
wrltiaf  awfwaM,d«tanBiaaMaa,  Uft-itdbrntmr. 
balwaaa  laid  aaitiaa.  aaaaavaiag  aittd  attfliiiawi 
ia^iM—ayMd  twrnjattawlag,  ta  «^  ^^^__' 

I»WitllW|tBa 

At  mm%  m-  bi  ■■  Raa  Jt$'§ih't9t$l^t 


Wa,  A.  i.,  a.  L,  aad  T.  B.,  tha  w^thiiMMinad 
athluiikwt.  kinrtu  wtdatuhM  tha  wrMtrMiMi 
ayan  and  eaaearawg  ailMMi«lni«ilar  tha  OMlMm 


aad  Ihlaga  tkaraia  la  ua  ralWrrad,  da  maha  ihk, 
aw  award,  ia  Iha  maaaar  fallawlag,  ta  wli : 
Wa  da  mward.  datarmlaa,  adjudta,  aa^  t,4„ 
Tkat,  ata^(MMhir/w«*  tk*  mtUifi  ^mj  tkii^ 

la  wltaaaa,  ata. 

WiMtaaa,  A.  B.,  aT ,  •*  tha  aM  part,  and  c. 

0.,  ar .  aT  ^  aMar  aart,  haya  mataaUy  «it 

tarad^latakaada  la  aMk  alkar,  haarlag  date  tht 

day  ar — ,  la  tka  paaal  Mm  ar  —  dallan. 

aaaditiaaadtkat  aald  partlaa  akaU  wM  and  truly 
aWdaaa4Mr«af«attM  awwNI  aad  datarmlaation 
af  A.  R.  |B.  1.  .aad  fjl. ,  afMtntMa,  ladlflHaatly 
akaaM  W.Mid  yartiaa,  af  and  aaaaaralag  all 
mMMT  *r  MtlaM,  aantiavaralaa,  at*.,  yandlni 
kawraaaaati  faftiaa.a«id  awaid  takamadaan 
ar kafcra  tka -—  day M—~, wMh tha aandltlon 
that  ir  aaM  arMtratara  ahavM  not  maka  auch 
award  ky  tka  HaM  M  agraad  «Ma,  ikM  aaM  Bar- 
tiaa  ahaald  M  all  ihlaga  wal  aa4«rulyakMa,nr 
nna  aad  haap  Um  award,  datarnriaailaa,  aM 
iHNplraga  •!  BMk  patMa  m  ahaaM  tharMftar  bt 
ahaMa  ampkra  ky  aaM  arMtratara  katwaaa  mm 
MtlM  ^  aad  canaarnlng  aaM  dlOiiainM.  mM 
ampita  ta  maka  Ma  award  m  amylraga  m  w  b«- 

Aad  wkiraaa,  aaM  A.  B.,  B.  L,  aad  T.  R.,  mat 
apM  aaM  arWtrattan,  aad  dM  aat  maka  thair 
award  katwMa  mM  aartlM  withia  tka  Uma 
Umitad  tkar^ir,  and  dM  thaaaapaa  ahaoii  tha 
wadtftlgMd  U.  R.  amptra,  m  agraad  la  tht 
pramlaaa  |  tharalara,  hnaw  ya  i 

That  aaM  U.  B.,  havlag  nadartakan  tha  arkitra- 

rateraaaM,  kalM  daty  awnta,  kavlag  kaard 
aMagatlaaa  aad  ptaMb  aT  parUaa.  aad  ai- 
amIaadM  wall  tka  aaM  ^artiaa  aa  thah  r  aap  ■  m  ¥« 

ata".","aa(i]y|y  laaaidarad  tha  aaata  aad  liM  mat' 
tarn  ta  mm  rtlirtad,  da  maka  thia,  my  award  and 
wmairaga,  to  tiM  oMaaar  fialiawtag  s 

lia  award,  t  lladga  aad  ardor 

That,  ati..  (MMh«>r«l  tkt  wmUtn  tmi  iMyi 


la  wltaaaa  wharaar,  I  kavo  kanaato  aat  my 

kMM,tkto dayor — ,A.O. . 

OJi.,  (hxth: 
AtpfcH— ttmi   AwWI  Iqr  PmmMp» 
AmiAiitf—- 
aiii 
_  lal.  {mh 


gnaw  ail  mm  Inr  thaaa  ■raaaato 
That.  (nrM^tKt  nuMMmt  ^Hkt 


Thai  mWi  arMtratara  iMii  aat  maha  any  award 
In  tha  pramloaa  withto  tha  Um*  fcr  that  parpam 
limllad  M  aMroaaM. 

Titat  hy  a  wtWIm  aadar  tJMtr  haada,  datid  iha 
—  day  af— >,  aaM  afWtratata  iMagiM  that  I, 
tha  widMnimad.  U.  B..  thaaid  ^jlhC  amplrt  la 
aad  eaamrniag  aaM  mattara  of  < 

Now  hnaw  yat 

Thaj.  ata.  (y^yyiyt  t*t 

CaaaMtt  w  ar  9t9fnttt  m  iEa#  ^rwafltif  ^vnar, 


ttmik 


I 


A.  B.  a  gaad  and  atrifctant  aaalgaaiMt  aT 
M  haaS  Mtd  movtgMMMMMadaad  daU^ 


(Kwaaaat  •»— -  i*>iBa»a  tharalbta,  apoo  tha 


•  u3  doBvafr  wtM 
C« 

I  aaM  A,  a. 
,waa  and  < 


That  aaM  A,  ■.  alMi>|«a  m  hd 
(,f_,^  and  adieiMctly 


*MI«ar,  a  hand  ar  i 


d«Ba|wtaC.BiTairtiiafMl^na.a%athilMy  tka 

--»dajn(-;~t ata.  (#r  Br  MM  pwiaaianw af, aw-, 

******'"'^jQa«nw«M«::a»W|(faiiM.     ■ 


That  tha  wilMaHUkM*d  4>  >.  diMI,aii  «r  bafcra 
aM-~diKKal>----.lt<»«hiMMoviiMMa  aaaUC. 
&  (kbhafaa.  ts  aitigari,  w  aawaaaDahMI  nd»laa,  waa 


ud  MflMontly  gra&t.  foMty.  «#■  aaawa  mm 
af— '.aaaa^  of-— ,  to  «aH<fW*^iM^|ii^i 


tmmmwfp''**'''*'^--'^ 


A08NCV. 


tt 


M  —t»n*4, 4«  maka  ihia, 
■•r  fell««*ta«,  ta  wii 
alaa,  a^Ju^ga.  sad  ord<i 

«M«  tar  VmbImi. 

—,  •(  tM  CM  fin,  and  C 

*  ■•ft,  iMf a  MMtaaUy  <it 
lab  atkar.  baattag  tela  th> 

paMi  MM  •! Mian, 

MWttoa  alMn  waH  aa«  truly 
•wm4  mm!  4atMr«laall«n 
t  aranrMM*,  IMUhranily 
^  of  m4  aaMaralac  all 
--"vnaiM.  at*.,  Hn4inc 
•w«f4  ta  ka  awd*  on 

llton 
-. auch 

igrairf  HMM,  tiMii  aaM  ft- 

•  wall  mM  Iruhr  akMa,  p«r 
iwa(r4,  ^ataraalaaitaa,  m* 
•a  fa  alitftiM  tkaraaHar  bt 
I  arMtfMM*  Jatwaaa  aaM 

I,  MM 


.mat 
tkatr 
tlma 


niiif  M 
vaMar 

L  ■.,■.!.,••«  T.  R., 
,  MM  4M   MH  MMka  < 

MTtiaa  wHkIa  tka  <»~.. 
4lM  Uiaffaa  akaaaa  Um 
mflf.  Ml  acraaA  i«  tka 
aawyai 

■■  in<ai»i>nn  Um  wMtra- 
liHjr  Mwyt*,  kavlac  bawd 
inak  af  |WrtiM>  Mid  •«- 
1  yartlaa  M  thair  raa|Mctlv« 
mu  »aM»— ,  a>«teava»a>aa, 
a4  wa  aaia  aad  tka  mat- 
naka  tkto,  Mf  Awai d  and 
Mrfoltowlact 

nt  «k  maUnt  m4  iMyi 

.  I  k«««  kaww  aat  roy 

— ,  A.  O.  ——, 

UJL,  M^f. 
waMkgr  VM^HmT 

•  AmmF). 

1 4t4  MM  MMka  MV  awMd 

tta  ttaM  •»  MMt  fwnii 


4artk«lrlMU|4a,4*kad  tka 
immlM  M^Nattat I, 


liMhrar 
.>_^    •»  aaataaattal  of 

mI!V.,m  ar  MaMlka 
•lnWA.1EakafipS)rMM 
mva  llMMfBi*,  kpoa  tka 


'>«M|la*«toa.walt 


aaavtaPa  k4H  aaawa  unta 
jMaJMMfaWtf.aiaM- 
itati.  wtTMi  tart  In  UMttata 


TtiataaUl  0.  D.,  la  aaaaMaratlaa  tharaof,  and 
«foa  tka  aaaaatlaa  af  aaM  caavayant;*  or  «an< 
vtyaaaaa.  akall  pay  ar  cauaa  la  ba  paid  unto 

Mid  A.  B.  (hU  hain  nr  •wlaiui)  tka  aaia  af 

^sUaf*.    *a4  akaH,  II  raottirad,  t**«  Matwlty.by 

kenda  ar  martaaaaa,  far  tka  faymaat  af dal- 

taia.  In laatamanta,  payaMa  •m  tka 4aya 

•(,  Ht. 

CoHcaaniMo  Coata. 

Tkat  '—  dallara,  iha  coau,  charaaa,  and  tk 
Btaaaa  of  ikia  arkluatloo,  ba  paid  ky  A.  M.  <». 

Tkat  <—  daUara,  tka  caata,  ekargaa  and  aa- 

^0  Vtf*  4^ 

CoNcaamaa  DMuaaa. 
That  mU  A.^  a  MM  uata  aald  C  D.  tka  fellow- 
laa  artlalaa  (dIrtrrdMv  ikim),  rapraaaatlaf  tkam 
Mka  la  Mad,  aatakaatakia  aad  amtad  aoadMan, 
tad  la  tfaaa  aad  avary  atkar  raapaat  warraatias 
ibai 


raapaat  warraatiac 

That  aaM  aiHalaa  wara  nattkar  gaad,  aiarakant- 
tWa,  ar  aaaad.  aad  wara  aad  ara  wertk  oo^  — 
dallara* 

That  mMA.  B,  akaU  rapay  aaM  C.  D. dal- 

Ian,  tka  dimraaaa  la  prtaa ; doUara,  Ibr  aara 

'"" *    "'     propartyi  and dallara, 

(,  aad dollara,  for  coota 

I  arMtratloa. 


•  ••■•  jMa  o.  m,  ■■ail 
Ian,  tka  4lmraaaa  la  p 
■ad  cuatady  af  aaM  pi 
cartaga  af  tka  aa«a,  i 
aad  aapaaaaa  af  tkia  ar 


CoNcaamHO  a  Uavr. 

That  A.  ■.  ta  aatltlad  ta  tka  auni  of dollara, 

with  Intaraat,  at  tka  rata  af par  caat.  par  aa- 

aaai,  fraailba dayaf . 

That  aaM  C.  D.  akall  pay  tka  aaM  A.  B. .  oa  ar  ba> 

kraiha dayaf .Miaaumaf dallara,witk 

iaiaraat,  at  tka  ra^  ar 

framika 

Am»tk4r, 

That  aaM  A.  B.  kaa  aa  eaiiaa  af  actiaa  afalnat 
•aid  C.  D. 

CawcjBwiiai  Dauvaar  of  Ooona. 

That  aaM  CTO.  akaU.  an  daiiaad  (oa  or  bafcra 

Ik* day  af  •—  at ),  Araaqr  daMvar  up  to 

■aidA.B.flkaMlawtef  aaoda  (ZwrdM^ /Am  u 

I  law  A,  ■•idviMrpiopariy  m  o,  u.. 


tka  rata  af—~  Bar  aaat.  par  aanam, 
-^af aatutkapaymaattkaraaf. 


•rtyaf  • 


CoMcaanMO  Dauvaar  o*  Wamnqa. 
That mMaTb. akan (aa  dwajnd  of  cTD., 


w(u  rapaMaatanva  i  a^  aa  or  batbra  tka 

— -at- 

Hide. 

wriUaga 


AU 


day  of 


P.  /ar  kff  iii^jl  wyriaanaMlwjtfca  Miawiag 


"J^. 


„  j«a.aad  iaamimaata 
of  writlaf  wkaiaaawj,  eaaaaralag  aay  aad  aM  aa- 
■"  *  ~    — ^"^L^* 


I4t$cr00  ^rwm^tmX 

That  aaM  A.B.riiall 

—  dnraf— — ,at— — .daUvariHita 
bllawMf  iaauikal  wytttaaa, 
(•aeatlaf  aa  daMvMy,  la  wIl  {< 

CotrMMOMi  DncoiimivAMca  oa  Acvioii* 
That  aaM  A.  B..  ot  Ma  la|al  taptaaontatlvaa, 
•haU,  OB  ««  kalbra  tka  — 'wgr  ar->— ,  aaoaa  aad 
pracura  al  aottaaa  aad  wriw  aafiaaBid  wM 
ptodlng  agalaat  aaM  C.  D.,  ta  aagr  aad  ail  oawrla 
whataaavar,  kjr  ar  ta  tka  aaaw  af  aaM  A.  B.i  ar 
la  tka  aana  af  aay  atkar  aataaa  ar  aataaaa,  bw 
thacMMNait,aMaaa  aad  praetiraaioaf  af  aaM  A. 
B..  tkaauprtk  M  aaaaa,  aad  ba  aa  taftkar  pro- 


caadad  tanr  Mai  ar  tkam,  aa4  la  ba  atlariy  dia- 
aa4  uM  aw4a  vaM. 
That  Ika  aaaiii  aaittiad  and  la  aaeraa  of  Mid 


conttaaad  i 


Mtioaa,MilM,aa4  dlaaaattaaaata.  akaS  ba  paid 
^••Mx*-.  ^ 

Ctir«aMiniia  Hoaia  TkAna. 
That  aaM  A.  B.^M,ea  tta<~-day  af — .at 
7—,  uKk  tNMa  aaM  0.  D.-a  Miaa.  aaawarlag  tka 
wliowtaf  iiaaiMtlia  ()*Mri*r  Mr  Aarar  If  t*. 

Tkat  add  e. 


tka  ddiTvary  or  aaM  korw\a'*oa 


rhat  aald  A.  B.  akall,  upon  iha  paymanl  of  aald 
aum,  dallvar  aaid  horaa  to  C.  D.  UlTowing  uid  C 

II   Iha  turn  of <l'>ll«r«,  i.i  h*  lUilu)  Kil  ih«rafrain  kik 

'I  'iti.ig*  (or  Bon  tl«ll«(ry  •ml  um  oI  tnkl  huru) 

C'oMI  liMNIN<«    iNrKNBHr 

That  aaid  C.  D.  aliall  pay  unto  aald  A.  •.  intar- 
aat on  Iha  aum  of dollara  aforaaald,  al  tha 

rata  af par  eanl.  h-oni  tha day  of unto 

Iha  — —  day  of (*r  unlil  full  iMymaiil  ih«raal;. 

ConctaNinu  Minini.  (  laim 

Tkat  aaM  C.  D.  la  anUtlad  to.  and  ahall  hava  aat 
apart  to  hia  own  uaa,  Iha  foUowlna  daacrlbad 
mlalMi  alain  Hturiting  tti. 

Tkat  la  aoaaMaratioa  titaraof  aald  C.  D.  ahall 


if  la  f 

«mI«/>. 


CoMcaaMimi  PAVMairr. 

Tkat  aald  A.  B.  ahall  («ii  d<m«i><l .  «r  on  or  bafuit 

Iha  - —  day  of .  ai ,  „,  old, In day>  from 

Iha  dala  haraoi  i  pay,  or  cauac  (o  ba  paid,  to  aald  C, 

D.  tka  aum  of dollara.  In  full  dlacharaa,  pay- 

mant,  ralaaaa,  and  aalUfacilon  of  and  for  all 
claltna,  daku,  damanda  and  monaya  whalaoavar, 
dua  or  owing  froia  him  unto  aatd  C.  D.  at  any 
and  all  timaa  prior  to  tha  dala  of  aald  aubmlaalon. 
.Saarr— />«»</ A«r. 

That  aaM  A.  B.,  upon  daya'  notlaa,  ahall 

wall  and  aumaiantly  maka,  aaacuta  and  dallvai 
to  aaM  C.  D..  a  bond  or  obllgalloo,  in  tha  panal 

aum  of dollara,  condition  for  Iha  paymanl  of 

aaM  aum  of doUara,  to  C.  O.,  hia  baira,  or  aa^ 

aigna,  va  or  bafara  — — . 

CoNCBamMO  PAVMaiiT  or  Coara. 

That  tka  aum  of doilara,  baing  tka  aapanaaa 

and  •harada  Incldant  to  thia  arbltralioa,  ahall  ba 
paid  by  tkam,  Ida  aaid  A.  B.  and  C.  O.,  in  caual 
amouala  aad  ahwraa. 

Saiiw. 

That  aald  C.  D.,  hia  aaacutora  or  admlniatratora, 
ahall,  katwaan  tka  koum  of  ~  A.  M.  and  —  P.  M.  ,al 

,Dayuato  aaM  A.  H.  ihs  aum  of dollara, 

in  ftoO  aatkifectloa  Ibr  bl«  damagaa  and  coata.  In 
a  cartala  aetiea  lataly  cemmanead  by  him  againat 
aaM  A.  B.,  acd  alao  tot  tka  coau  occaaionad  by 
tkIa  rafaraaea. 

CoNcaamMO  PiamaMANca. 

Tkat  aaid  A.  B.  akaU  (n*t*  ih»  p»nkMlmr  tkingt 
rtfpirtd  t»  tt  thm  fy  A.  S.) 

Tkat  aaM  C.  D.  akaU  (thUt  UU  pmrtkuUr  Mugs 
rt^uindU  it  dm*  If  C.  D.) 

CoMcaamno  Rilbah. 

Tkat  all  contrevaraiaa  ahall  caaaa  katwaan  aaM 
partiaa,  and  tkat  aacb  of  tkam  akall,  on  or  ba- 
wra  tka  - —  day  af  — ,  duly  aaacuu  and  da- 
Uvar  to  tka  atkar  a  gaaaral  ralaaaa.  In  writing,  of 
all  aatloaa,  aaita,  daiaaad8,and  obligationa  what- 
■oavar  oatattag  at  or  prior  to  tka  data  of  aaid  aub- 
mlMlaa. 

.^arr. 

TkataaM  A.  H.  ahalLanorbaforatka  —  day«r 
— -•  aa  kla  act  aoU  daad.duly  aaacuu  and  dauvar 
unto  aaM  C  p.  a  gaaaral  ralaaaa.  In  writing,  of 
all  maaaar  of  acuana,  juito,  controvaralaa  aad 
daaaaada  wkataaavar,  llrom  tka  baalaniag  of  tha 
warM  onto  tka  day  aad  dau  of  aaM  aubmlaalon. 

AiMtmMaa— Atrartf,  Bavrlaa  ar. 

J>rw9tm  If  ^fhUttiH  ^ ttrttm  trtim. 

•tato  of  — ,  — —  eouaty. 

W.  •.,  balag  duly  awora,  aaya: 

Tkat,  OB  tka  — —  day  of .  at  —  o'clock,  — 

M.,  at  — ,  ta  — .  ha  tanrad  tka  award  (of  whkh 
iha  arfthla  la  a  tnf  copy  «r  coumarpan)bydalivarlng 
tka  aama  nato  tka  wttkio-namad  A.  B.  and  C.  O. 
(Sifmlurt  ^  nfflmM,). 

■abacrtbad  and  awam  to  bawra  ma,  thu day 

of ,  A.  D. .  J.  P. ,  >r/f«  «^  tAt  t  tact. 

AiPBKwiMaw   Awrtb  YaHBcatlaa. 

Bf  AiSieriltitftr  tlitr  Witmt*. 

Stato  of ,  - —  coaaty,  aa. 

W.  •..  being  duty  awora,  aaya  i 
That  ka  haawa  A.  R.,  ai..  and  T.  B.,  tka  arbi- 
tratora  oaaMd  In  tka  anncaad  award. 


llMt,  on  tka day  of .  at  — — ,  ka  wm 

>t  aad  aaw  tkam  \ar  ihMt  he  heard  UMIB  aacb 


declare  th«tt  the;  did  teversDy  >  tlgn  and  pntn^  tha 
aama  aa  thair  final  award,  oataraiinatloa.  and 


iii 


«*fe**'iW>}CW'i<tft|WilnV»i91fe  :. 


AOINCV 


oitM4  UMm,  batwvtn  A. 


Iy« 


ut 


~,  tmt 


I  Ml  tiM  Mm**  af  Mi4  A.  R..M   l.,aa4T.  R 

K«  Ik*  Mtual  aiMl  ganuliM  •t(a^uirM  «f  ■JMl  •' 

i«hMHlM4  aiUI  mrtn  M  kafer*  m«  lht» 4*y 

A  M  ,  i.  I..a»4  T.  |..MiH  4uly  •«««.«,  ••y  I 
Th«i  th*r  ar*  ♦♦•-     ^'*-      -•  aMiarf  In  ih«  •»- 
■•■•4  awsf* 

Thai,  an  -       —  4a»  al ,  at  —  ,  •  ■  •«««  »«- 

Wiratara.  ihay  414  aM*  aM  pubMah  Ika  aama  aa 
th.lr  Anal  awaril,  4atariMla.tl«a  aM  Jii4(m«nt 
u(  'ha  waltara  aa4  iMiaga  in  fcantiravara*,  auli- 

A.  «.,  ■.  I.,  t  «..  Artilr,l»r, 
•uka«tib«4  aaA  awara  la,  ata. 

IQtUiri  ik^tmn  mt*  tUh. ) 

AnorneyB  am  thoaa  who  act  for  olhtrt  bjr 
viriB*  of  Appoiiiimant.    Thay  ara  of  varlovi 

kinJi. 

An  attobnky  in  fact  i«  a  panon  to  whom 
Iba  authority  of  another,  who  ia  calM  the 
CONtTlTt'KNT,  ki  by  him  UwAilly  del«gaied. 

Tha  term,  ••  attomaya  in  fact,"  ii  cmploya<) 
to  dealgn^te  rxnnaa  who  act  andar  a  apadal 

rney,  or  a  «|»^  iai  latter  of  attorney,  %o  that 
jr  Mra  apunnK     in  tha  matter  for  tha  deed  or 
•pacial  aci  to  be  performed!  but,  in  a  moi 
extended  ten»«,  it  im'ludca  ail  other  agent*  eni 
ployed  in  anv  butirif'i''   ar  to  do  any  act,  or 
arts,  in  and  M<^>at  itii  Mine,  for  another.* 

All  peraom  wh     ^/«  capable  of  acting      t 
ihemMivaa,  and  c  'o  ;h(iaa  wh"  *r«  di>">i«ii 
fied  from  acting  in  their  own  cai    citjr,  i.  ihey 
have  sufficient  underttanding,  >'       mni^    tf  ■ 
rroper  af",  may  act  Ml  Mtomeyt  i»  * 

A  L»if  ■  or  Povt*r  »/  Atttrtuv  i»  «n  in* 
itnii  vtit  on  «ritint(  by  which  '^ne  or  more  pafv 
VMM  (callad  prin  41*  or  com.  imenta)  »  horiae 
til. '  or  mora  oth  .«r«on*  (cal'ed  the  atiomeyt) 
Ui    '    aomi^  !  lu^  ibr,       the  stead,  an(\ 

plac«oftl     '      .^>  ■     An  instil  iiutni  of  writint 
aalhoriiiti       ^>«r  on  <  >  act  aa  the  «|{ent  or  attor- 
ney uf  the  Y  r<ni.  granting  it.    This  vristramrnt 
)'  mora  generaiy  called  a  power  of  attorney. 

A  gtBeral  pow  authotiitea  t'.  tgent  to  act 
lenarally  in  i)clui'  l  -A  tiie  prlactiMl. 

A  tMciat  ( ^rUmited)  ,»'Vkern  one  Umit.J 
to  paroenlar  acta. 

-y  lar-f  %c  rirol  or  on-ki 


[»wer  of  «t>. . 


.'1.  DO' 

ital/ 
II  br. 

powarof » 
pal  ft  iw« 
altormnr  h 
preaeribea  certain 
reqniaiui  tor  the  « 


that  oM)  adting 
tot  eMtmte '^>>r  bk       i 
It,  mint  uM  po 
<nd  wlMra  A« 
for     ilities,  and  mal(e- 
exci  titioa  of  an  instrumei! 


ute 


power  to  make  tha<  instrument  mu  i,  in  wtw 
crat,  be  itwlf  execntel  with  simitar  fonnalMts.' 


••Sac.  Abr   AUfmn:  Stary  A»  >»; 

|t,«;  I  lap.   i%*\jt  la.  S".    V-i  Moei 
41-1  Fan 


.     fc-Co.  Ult 

'aed.Cr.Cai.»- 

•-7  T  R.  too;  a  B.  It  P. 


ill :  J  B. »  C.  «| ;  a  Onaoi.  td':  ♦  T. ».  31  j ;  i  CWfty, 
im;  7M.  ft  W.  3a«,  J|«;  5 "*«»»•  "-M;  59  Jo'tna. 
Id;  *  Pick.  j«;  7  CraaeK.  x/ s  jo  Vi.  tij:  4  w.«h. 


1;  *  Pick.  Mj:  7  craaea.  V      . 
fit*.  i»,\  SrV.    .s«?y  M.  «i  W 


t 


t<3 


•M    «t7:  «  C  «  J.  e|a:  }  Mn(  36^    <■  Wan.. 
•  ^*W  ^i  1,  ii  IC  M«<  r  Mat.  a44.  J  Ma.  ssS. 


«.  36?     fi  Wan.. 


Hal,  «a  oral  or  written  puw>  are  arjaaily  par^^3. 
uoe  '>y  oral  auihortty  >>  *v  ugn  <h«  name  ul  It  1 
prittci|r>l  without  *  «ea.  thereto)  and  «oheauy 
\m  aulli'  'ris«d  utt.  U>  bind  hia  prtn  i|ial  tr) 
Written  i.-iiatra«t,  •m't^m  the  Maiiiie  of  fr<«mU 
(•riiutraa  a  w'UingaiMei^  by  the  paitie*  luiighi 
lu  lie  ebarged,  Ml  ow  fMUMlatiMi  of  an  ac 
liua.> 

Powen     i    attortif^y  ara  airictty  construed.* 
Gencml  term*  uacti  wuh  reference  to  a  particu 
lar  tuti^ect  matter  are  (irean'  t»d  tu    >«  used  in 
sutMirdinallon  to  thai   tiattr< 

Where  a  power  is  special,  and  lit  authorliy 
limited,  the  attorney  >  r  tnot  bind  hu  princliMl 
hy  any  act  In  which  be  exceeds  His  authority, 
i'ha  auihorily  iif  an  altorn'-y  is  to  be  strictly 
onslrued  :  thongh  it  is  to  taken  to  im  Ude 
!,'  nece«»»  '  means  of  eaecu  '  It  w  »h  effect. 
i).  ce  a  paity  JMling  with  ai  ioi  y  umtrr 
a  i>  wer  of  attorney  .'  another,  shoulci  looli 
the  terma  of  the  power  to  st  that  tbo  aatho 
given  Is  sufficiently  broad. 

If  a  {lower  prescribes  any  cr>i'  loa  in  , 
execution,  it  must  be  ••nelly  pursu    1. 

Where  »  poww  i»  estea  in  several  penon« 
Join  !y,  all  ohoald  um^'  *n  executing  it. 

\ii  attorney  acting      i>ler  a    ~>wer  cannot 
gate  his  aathority  or  •    |>  >iat  a  '^ilvtitute,  uti- 
le-. 1  the  power  exprasalygi  «saui>    ntrtodd 

A  revocu         of  a  pow  <     tite*  <-.  > 

an  agent.  ^        the  thnc  it  i     ommu 
him  I  as  d  nefaons,  ftb..-  tli<: 

c>  rnmnni'  itet>  lo  taem. 

An  at'   mey  in  a  simple  f 
m  Ht  act  iriily  in  the  :iame 
aig      \\,  shoald   si^n    hi» 
adMiog  hb  owa,  thust  A.  a 
attoriMy. 

It  i"  only  necessary  to  have  1  powei  wf  attoni,  y 
and  th<-  tibatitutian  acknu*  '3;ed,wf-n  "^ 
power  g  -n  la  to  coo'T'-*,  «  Jierwi»«  '<■» 
or  encuH'  any  land,  i  .leiaeat,  or  hen'uu 
ment.  It:  icb  cane  ihu  achnowledgmetit  and 
filing  for  reoord  it  the  "^^nc  as  a  deed  01 
moftfage. 


of  ail 

icipal't' 
•  C 


I.  TM 


aeta)  aiw' 
uooiat 
Tl 


mw  Kftmnnvt: 

a  powOT  ./ awwaay  aia : 

iMsaftkaprtaeft'ilo    ^iriaelpals  (coasiha; 

the  ■  ".«!.•  y  «•       luoraaya.,  and  war*  "f 


ithjV" 

MMmd.. 
liona,*!. 


i  iiuxia  «rf  I,     ./foiapoa. 
«:lw   »f  tha  power  Imam 
ic:   with  r  >  (Utiooa,  linUtdii./t      natric 

»»>;■ 

«r  «f  aufaalltuti'x   aad  1 ' 
TItc  ruificaitoo      coaflriiialtaii 


6.  fWaiiit»lure 

7.  TBeBK«*i'  atu 
tw]uiii(d  by  \-*-  'aa,  ia  < 

ncuabnr  1.-.)    ttaia). 
B    "Dm  rccoKUng,  whao  ^ 
thz  :  iwar  is  ta  convey  01 

r-ta  roster 'N.H.)4»' 
aVaa.«}4:  <  ^<:>^  <(t.a~ 
X.  C.  <So7     Is-ti    (h.  ii7i 
t  Id.  8^4:  $  uivh-  «4« 


r. 


ijti :  I  Youafi  i 


1;  J  Gray.  «»y;  see. 
iackf.  ai|a :  tosatdaai- 


-fi  :  to  make  aa  a4ilM" 
Watts.  7i«;  14  Ca).  % 
.11..7B.»C.ai*. 


'  l!Ml  or  |N-lu.i:lpalt. 

•■'•         -■-■■»f!«dfss»w.  ».-h» 
.it*  J       r  1st    ceanrsy  «> 

'ilreil  by  taw  (a%  ia  case 

''         ile»iala>. 

;.    w4  Pick.  9; 

..  Ch.lsj;  sftng. 

,  #b«at.  ^:  I  11.  ft  W. 

,    I  1 1  aimi,  MB ;    7  B.  ft 
?M   &W  «STiOeelo, 

k'Et         tfiaet  •  Ml,  I 
,a,j   'i    ■  645:      '^'ackf 

olof  »i!  '  ,8  Wei       494 

7Ala. (.        liao:  Macespi 


■=--.>«*w««fflis-r" 


ly  ugn  •>««  nun*  o(  It  « 

iheroto  \  And  *o  h$  Mqr 

IhihI  lUa  prtii  ipU  b^ 

<hi  Miiiiw  III   rr^wta 

liytli*  pM<U«  luajihi 

[windatlVM  of  Ml  ac- 

ir«  Mridh'  coiMlru«i1 ' 
I  rcftrente  lo  t  pauiicn 

PtMi"H'<l   U>     «  U»e<l    ill 

iitc> 

cUl,  «nd  III     •aihoriif 
'iiuN  Mnd  hi*  princliMl 

CMMdl  His  kuthuHtv. 
lornty  U  to  b«  stricil^ 

U>    <■  takni  lo  ini  U<le 
laacu      'llwnh««iri, 
rith  III.      401  i     r  undrr 
iuolh«r,  tkoald  look 
o  It  <  tlkkt  tha  i«tiio> 
d. 

•  any  cm       loa  ia  .3 
Idly  punu    ). 
»te(f  in  tev«r»!  pcnons 

•n  executing  it 

nier  a    "iw«r  cannnt 
•^  '|tiinlB<iiit>itilute,  u>i 
|i  Maul!    iritytodi 
i«'.'ii   'tkta  <-< 
it  I     .(MHMIDI 
H,  hutt'  Ul«  > 


ipl« 


DC  ,    ndft       m 

kii         icipal'.  e, 

A.  B.,  '.If  C 

htf*  «  pomrer  t4tllffmty 
knarn''  '  Ted,  irfcli  m 
:ierwl»«  "■' 
lit,  or  hei  1 
i  ackottidtdpMiit  and 
)•  —m*  M  a  dead  m 


•oww  itf  anonMy  an : 
ipni  »>  ,iriaei|Ml»  (coMltla- 
iora»)rt.  Mid  wor*  nf 


of  Ike. I 

jimMIHM. 


ly  |{ 


t  (WWW  Im 
Udow 


ir  Impm 
I,  UnJutiu. 


naUtk 


i<»-  and  »■" 
tiauMlaa. 
rincipal  «r  priwifahi. 

-iid  -     -^.-.wl«di>a»ii«,  whw 
^  dw  ,      -r  !■  I    soamy  <» 

«    itirad  br  law  (aa.  ia  c«m 
«»       -  \!  tsHlii)^ 

^44  *  i  Daaio. 

.1.  545:        li»ckf 

iof*il'-        .  » Wei.     494 
7AU.(i        ,aoo.  t»«cMpi 


rmw9  •#  *(«*«««r  ^•M«Ma  W»rm». 

Rmw  aU  aiaa  fev  ihcaa  praaanta  1 
Th*t  I,  ika  iMi4af«iaa«4,  ut   — ,  4*  ».*i«fey 
iuik«.  caaatUnta,  and  apMiai  B,  r.,a(  —  -.  aiy 

UM*«4  lawfut  atliMn«y,n«  ma,  aMl  la  at    <M«a 

••4  (laa^  la  '  4>><  laMX  >*<  in^/Af  «iw..>r  ^ 

w  /.mvr  I,  la  da  a»4  Mrfarm  all  Ika  aaaaaaary  aala 
M  ih«  •■aaaUan  and  moaaauMaa  af  ika  aAnaaald 
»iMin*M.  and  In  aa  full  and  am^  a  nkanuaf  m  1 
iBlj|lil  4a  If  I  waf  a  parMnaily  ptaaaal.       A.  B. 

f'M  fiirm  •i"A<.KMi<  •!  ■uut-.ntnr,"  m*  iltai  ilUa. 
ranav  •#  .%«t«vii«y    W*»*|  r«»M. 

Know  all  man  %y  lka««  araaanaa  i 

That  I  {mmm*^frtmi/a/).  da  Iky  Ikaaa  praaaala 
tpyatnl,  <«na«lt«ta,  and  maha  (  mim  «^  a«l»m»y) 
mf  lawful  and  (rua  altornay,  far  m;  an4  la  My 
iiama,  pi*   •.  an<l  "UaJ  —  (a  (»/w»  «m4</i 

Thai  I  ^<  !^y  th**»  iiraaania  frant  and  (i*a  unw 
•y  tald  •uotnay  •utkarlly  and  Mwar  la  da 

•lid  parfof  m  aK  *  try  aal  and  (kinfl  whatta- 

•m  nacaaaary  «  ^qulalta  la  ka  4atia  In  and 

ibaul  Iha  f<fa«niii«,.  ••  I  nUgkl  or  ca«ld  da,  If 
p«rtanalty  praaant.  with  full  powar  of  aukaMlw- 
Uon  and  •voeallnr. ,  haraby  cAnArralna  and  rall- 
lyiKf  all  th*l  my  aoid  allornay  ahall  lawfully  da 
or  cauaa  to  b«  dana  by  virlua  haraaf. 

la  laaUmony,  ttm.  iiuHnlu  tUmt  /»rmt\ 

fm  tnriB  of  ■'Ai  aNowtJiiMiHanT,"  «aa  thai  lilla. 

ttuv^w  af  A»terB«|r-e«>a«r«l  Wmm. 

Know    II  man  by  tkaaa  pnmmU  ■■ 

That  I    1^  ■..af aannty. In  Ika  ftau af , 

Kav*  ma4i#'  «aaatlt>aad,  and  anpatnlad,  and  by 
ilMaa  praaaute  do  n  (ka.  aanatltata  and  appalnl 

*-y.,af — 'coanty     lUiattntaaf ,  mytrua 

•ad  lawlVil  altornay  la  Akat,  far  ma,  and  in  my 
imm*,  ft»M,  and  aland,  la  (ktrt  imttrt  Ikt 

That  I  alva  aata  my  aaid  attoriMv  AtU  pawar  ta 
1*  tvaryUilng  wbataaavar  ra^alaila  aad  nacaa- 
Mry  la  aa  daaa  la  Ika  praaaiaaa,  aa  fUUy  aa  ka 
:»ttid  If  MMaaaUy  praaant,  witk  ndl  aawar  of 
MhailtuUan  and  ravnaatlani  karaky  raUlyiac  and 
conArmii^  all  that  my  aald  attaraay  akaR  iaw- 
'"iiy  da,  ar  aaiMa  ta  ka  doaa,  ky  vtrtaa  karaof. 

9  witnaaa  wbaraaf,  I  kava  karaanla  aait,  ata. 
.  "I<  /iawr  J»  /«  fmimtf,  fmrmmttr,  «r  Mktsrmit 
t^^  THkl$tMt,  tk*n  tkit  eimu*  tkmtU  t*  (Ar  mmr 
ti  /a  /4#  {tmvtmuft  ^  Ik*  rtmlfrtftrtji,  wkkk  WW. ) 

For  torn  nf  "  AcxMnwtaooKairT,    laa  thai  tMa. 

Pawar  af  **«arwair    aa»awkl  P»r«B. 

Know  aU  man  ky  tkaaa  praaaata  1  * 

That  I  (aaaar  tf^>m^*t\,  of  —  irtmt*  tf  nii 

iimt  t/ikt  frhtelput],  hava  by  tkaaa  praaanta  coo 

ttttutad,  ma-'     iadordalaad,aiidiamyplaaaaaii 


•uad  aukatl 
i<wru),a«mt.c 
In  my  aaaia.  pi 
t*ri»it  or  fw 
That  I  karai 
kathorlty  and 
«ad  to  iiaaaK 
law  fn:      s  aai 

of     '.,■  if. 

prr     .. 

whomff 
•nd  t> 
•ctloi 
nlatlng 
make   aed 
chargaa,  aa> 
That  aald* 
P«»»a»  ta  •«< 
•nJ  tra^^af 
ralatiair  «»tei 


J.,    .(ill 
-.ssuta 


-  (mmu  »/  mtfrmfi,  ta  ka  mv 
>nd  triM  attomay,  far  ma,  aad 
•  1  cfaad   —  ta  (tt/irtk  tkt 

hkk  tkt  ^im*r  tifiutm). 

tt  unto  ray  aald  altornay  fUlI 

'  In  aad  ••  Hoat  aald  r-  ramiaaa  1 

<^,  m  una,  and  p  oeaaa  af 

-tual,  aMI  ttM  csacatlaB 

•cribadj  and  far  aald 

-apraaant  kafora  nay 

>i  mlniatarc    'law 

urtaafjad       xan. 

.   ,  aad  praaa.      <  all 

.•r*      i<)  thiiwawkat'    «*ar 

!  i.ud  In  mtrsald  prt     laad 


all  <taa 


r>«yahait  huv 

%.  a< 
"art* 
,..     -  —  jea.a  -jly.  ^ti 

ftiny,  i       n  and  y,         >«a«  ^ 

conaiii.  mclpal,  is    pr»»<>f 

ouKl't         loi         laid  mattw*  and  t 
'•quir  ^rr  ciat   BU*'    jHty  t^ 

lompri,  .:tudad. 

That  I  allow,  r  fv    <nd 

'aUdalln  ta  and  thin           atac 

■tornay  o-  itia  luhktitD'           ail  la 


jaa  to  be  doaa  in  aad  a. 
'ua  of  tkaaa  ytaaanta. 


'«id, 


■■^9n  Ha- 
lt* aad 
nniah. 

iy,„ 

ia  aaid 

aSlMUld 
-  harain 

irm  aad 

r  myaaM 

liy  do  ar 

m    ■ .  by 


AOCNCV.  ft 

In  laatlmaay  wkaaaafi  I  kM^HHHIMa  tat^  aia> 

y(f  Ikt  /»«nrr  m  H  ««aa«y.  tm^^K^9f  aMrrwM 
a/In '  >m/  r#<«/«  Ik4t  I tMU»  I aMak  tafimtra  ih«  tlaMi 
lute  aixl  wMl  <>(  (r*a(»r    'vt  ■ilaalpal.  «<i ■«•■«■,  aK  . 

mtt.  UAMttiitoik*  ttumt     *lf*m'iim  la^^aiii  aa  mm 
^  >a>  >4n<  ■""  tpaa*,       1 

rur  brm  .if  "  Ximhuh    aaMM!-  f ,"  1^  dM  MHa. 

|k«waa  «l  At— a  mag- 


i,i'*»»^ 


>al    I,  A 
maka,  canatltula,  aad 
N.  V.lalnily. 


-r«a\,.k 


Knaw  all  man  ky  Utaaa  praaaata 
tkai   I.  A    i..  af  -r-Vi^ 


aia,  aad  ayaalat  X.  TTVnTTMM 
my  iraa  aal  tawftil  atiamaya,  Mr 

,..,  .».  .r,  ..'V  aama.  plaaa.  aad  ataad  —  ta 

tUlimg  1*1  /«   *»M  a<  M«  aM^MMmnMi. 

^•trar  af  Al 


Til  nw»rmi.  tt  ar<  /bdKA  a»  l#W » «a>^  . 

Know  ail  man  ay  tkaaa  praaaata  1 

That  I,  A.  •..(of  tha  cliy  nl  -— ,  ruwaiy  nf  — ^ 
and  luM  M<  —  I.  da  ky  tkaaa  ataaaata  ataha.  a«a> 
atlluta.andappalnl  A.T..T.O,,Ti.  N.,a«dN.V.. 
lolntiy,  and  aaak  «r  tkam  aaaaram,  lay  traa  aa« 
lawrul  altornay  and  attaraaya,  tar  ma,  bad  la  «f 

nama.  placa,  and  aiaad  ta  (afaur  tmftt^tm 

/»r  tJkkk  Ik*  a^ituimtnt  4t  laiiilb), 

I^W9  mt  A*iftm*M    WamaamI  y>imi. 
7>  Maa  p*rt0mt~ittml  mH  aravva/-  •*  <«ar  ff  a^ 
amrr   4m«*,  ar  tyWai/  V'  »*Air  t      ^,  MM  M 
aoMhtr,  ttt. 

Knaw  all  man  ky  tkaaa  araaaaWt 

Tkai  I  lar  «rai,  A.  S.,  ai——  I'aad  C  t'  afo—X 
da  ky  tkaaa  praaaam  nkabai  aaaaaitatr  ~^  " 
palaf  A.  T.  aad  T.  Y  m«  («r 
attaraaya,  aad  la  eaaa  ar  Ika 
altkar  ar  ka*k  af  tkam,  ar 
aotk  af  tkam  ta  aat  ky  »irt« 
karaky  maka,  caaatltata,  and  a 
or  togatkar  wItk  bim  af  tkam  tba  laM  a.  T.  tM  T, 
Y. ,  wka  ahan  ka  Hvlag  aad  praaaat,  ajk«  WW  aat  ag 
my  («r  c>.)r^  attam^  •{  attantaya  ky  amtta  af  tkaaa 
praaaata,  )alntly  ar  Mtbar  af  tkam  aavaram,  aty 
(or  .air)  traa  aad  lawnil  aitariiay  i^-  attaraaj^  «» 
to  (arr/Air/tWd  Ik*  /ar/Wr  >r  wkiii  Mr  dM^adl^ 

rMHHT  •#  Atttwrtkay-  ■Wanaai 

7k  Iknt  Mrtmu   >'«d»r  amtf  tn>t*'»f-t 

tut*,  dhirt.  ar  raAMa/  V^  ##drr  aa> 


itkar 


Amadlr). 

•f  Att«Mrikay-«MaMl  V^OMh. 
Mtkm  awir^a^"."^!  ciMr  ay  ain 

■■  in V,  ■««*,^,  w     ru  mm^i  ^r    0Wktf  ak*  awa,  MMI  ^y 

•aafiwr  Ai  dw  idaaif. 


Kaaw  aH  maa  by  dMaa  pmaatai 
Tkatl  («r«<),  A.  B.,af  —  (aad  C  D.,«f- 
da  ky  tkaaa  praaaata  ataha,  aaMUtata,  aad 
aoiat  A.  "t, o  R..aad  N.  Y. ,  «l»  (ar  aar)  ttaa 
lawful  attarnay  aad  altarnaya,  UM  Hi « 
akaanca  or  dacaafa  *t  aaM  O,  K,  aad 
I  af  thaw,  ar  raAMal  at 


altkar  or  kotk 


a^^^m^a<|    ^^W     awa^M^BW 

both  af  ihaoi  ta  aat  aa  atkak.  tMa,  *%■ 
'•"-  wa)  maka,  taaatWata.  aai  ai 


of  aa' 


oar) 


ijraai 
T.,la 


Mi  WWflgll  MVMttltfi 


ana  la,  a,,  ar  aitpar  at  wma,  ar  raa 


HAr  4varrw/>MM  aaA^rv        *a<». 


To  AcaaawLaaoa  CoNvfYA  iiaa, 

ta  aaaaar  kami'a 

thahiwaaf—- ta 


aayi 

aakaaariadga  a  JiiTin 
ana/)  kaarim|  data  Aa  ■ 


I,  tlMraadd''iL  ik7B(gM4(*ankd,aaiu)  ta  bt 

prapar  act  a«i  Ml.    Marahiy  raHtViag, «, 

To  AcB^n>wuwaa  RanaaacrtoN  a*  M 


•«w* 


"'■  to  aaaaar  aaatra  taa  taaiivgar 
•add  (ar  eoMaty  daib,  ata.)  uii  MWI 
itar  aatlafactfaa  af  taa  aaaa  ar  """^ 
daUara.  iMataat  ai 

ng  aaaarwaa  iMaaai 
'.•iddeiwiar-— 


aaaftkai 
5«a  th«  —  giiya}~;._.,  iftaai  cTl 

follewl 

!»rov 


clpal,  and 

of)  Cfcord  No, 

at 


M 


» 


I 


AOBNCY. 


Mr  m4  M  Um  Mm*  ka  «li«  ««<UMtM  •!  mM  ■»««■ 

Til    AfOtWt    A»»IMI>ti«,  »ff 

la  til****.  ••  »M  <lt««i.«l«»i  of        .  my  •» 


(•  111****,  ■•    "»•  w™«i-"-TO  -■  •  -■•»    j- 


, Iniwfttalty 

,,pf,„,     iB^wuHr  >«lil<    'w«  Mail   4lMr*«(   sM 

«r  p«r»..n«li  pii.^Mirty    >»  •h«ll  km  Aavm  f''*Ll(LZII 
iW  •fc««  |K«|>.«w,  •'     •     i«  •'•■iprlwtl  I*  Ma  MCMWig 

Hhaiuli  I  «)•.  (<*<•  •  ■»•  V  if»' 
To  A»tu" 

—  -»  lubmU  •ny -- — -  -  , 

•lalln«  <«  iM/«  ••**<i,«»  >  Ml*,  tl"*  «»•»»•••'••• 
•  Mbftratlon  or  olhofwloo.  wti*  T»M  •••'W  «« 

malio  and  aukotttuta  fjr  »M  •«»f>oao  ••Moaatil, 
%»*  •«  hia  option,  oof  or  mac*  *Ha»«aya. 

T1»«l  aaM  anmriM/  «•»  awhml*  a. .»*•«!•»  In 
4tiif Mta  rMfMtlni  «M  rramlMO  M  arWttaltoa  or 

•ttlorwlM. 

1  .  A<carr,  »•»»  »«»•,  *"0  «■».«•  ■*■■  ""V    ^ 

-  - 10  acaapt  all  Msital  a»och  la  iha  —  fcanH 
Which  I  hava  a|ra«dyVu4fhl  -i^d  (on'taatad  for. 
W  ahali  hataafta*  buy  ««  eont  •««  lo  buy,  ar  any 
Mraon  »r  paraona,  U|>a«i  «»»a  traaafar  t^aravf  la 
tta  auaUMaary  anJ  lagal  waanaf ,  aii4  lltataupon 

i  pay  auak  luma  oC  manay  »r  e«a«*afa«ion  wr 
thaV«r<*tMa  afrta  aama  aa  may  Im  Aar»»af»fa 
uatiU  upaa  i  vH  »  oo*  '•'  "•»  ••»"  "^'  ^'J 
aM  iranjfcr  all  or  any  .1  .«»>  Mack  aa  I  ah«H 
Wm  lima  iu  lis-  dlrs-Si  sni  -><»  *?•  ^^  t*" 
Ma  to  raaalva  i  •  mai>»jra  and  tanat4ar«Mana 
wlilallaiiali>>«t<  <»«»««|4.W»*>'«Jw«lt<««lw 
■•4  «f««ial*,..  «tv,  4  •i**'.«il  raaalpto  ■«<i  '•■ 
llMai  rar  Uia  aaiaa. 


■r 


To  L*<"«  OM  BWHWIW  OwnuALLV. 

W  aan  >     n  mhI  aMitfuat  Ika  ^iMteaaa  .. 

(f^^  mU4>.  at ,  »•  — s  ••  Imr  •■<•  •••>  J«*^ 

rf».  M  raaatva  aad  mN  ••  aaiiamla<UM  Uta*t 


^ .  a«ii««yMMM  u4 

wiiUiHi  wliaiiM»w.i" - 
fwnt  aMMMaag  m 


—  to  laba  «k« 
MMI  at  mtf 

—.In 


^^Ar'ta,' 


^^^ 


M  *Hn  thmitf  •(.  arkMlfMa  •. 


•U 


■M  M9iMil.  WV  tMhw  M  «t««lt, 

— M.  mm**,  w>nfc*ii<M«a  •■<l  wwm 
IMM  irajw.  waawwy  |Ai  Moikil  M 

>, I  •UwaTilfSifciwwiw}*  ij»—!l 

M«MauM.  cvMftMHM,  Mllatt  kM  aMtf*  an 

«iM*rfMtMMr«>«3ttfai  axfavfri  •••«- 


I  aaM  tMUMte  OT  otlianflM* 


nonty  t  to  wtuia. 


immMJjmjtmkv^ 


_„ aMMirwi 


0*4  aaaaitMa,  a*-*  »««a»ali»  «•  a*«fr  < 

and  tMng  which  t    '  nal^r•  nf  aoM  b<M 


„  bott  MathM 
iitalaart  •»•! 
faawlf*.      Maiab,  fyi««f  wha»a»a»   mw   mM 

■MotMya  aay  la»  <«  iy  •wina  hafaaf. 

Tn  Cmm*  "■  t      ^mxmtuf  Rimiaaaa,  nt. 

-  to  a«f*«  M,  tondaa*.  *ii4  traaaaat  at  — , 

ir.  -,  Ilia  f— twaaa  af  a  aaiiatal  tammfaMit* 
<«r«hanl.  aii4  ■»•»•  partla5la»lf  «ha  i«^.i«..«. 
nad  aalUna  o«  aM*««IMtaii  alt  hlMa  •'  <i>y  •nj 
iw^t  grc>«aHao, 
«»••«*  and  warahaa^tao 
%^eM(a*aa,  •»  my  ••<•<  a««o»ea»  i 
•a4  na««Ma«yi  it>  <l#aw,  waha,  «aaawM,  •!(» 
t««l,  aaci  4«Uv«t  Iwr  aaa,  a«4  la  say  aam*.  •:! 
btlla,  lM>a4a.  — «oa,  aoavayanaaa,  or  *ihar  laaitu 
m«nta  la  writtof  wh«ta««irar,  wh<  h  ahall  k< 
naaaaaary  t*  tha  |K«Par  cMryiMg  on,  ar  vaMlaallnt 
•  nd  ttanoMiiac  tka  hm«i»«aa  afaaaaaMt  ao4  i* 
d»  aa4  p«t«ana  aM  imA  a«ory  aol  mmt  tfU  i» 
whataoavar  ntpa  or  oAlwra,  la«am  awarMinini 
to  (ha  aaima  i  Wn4ln»  ma  ft  ^'m\f  aM  If  ravoo 
'  4aa4  Oi  partarMianaa  aa  If  I  wart 
mymw  Maar-t.tharata  canaaattng  .  harabyxil^ 
aMn«  all  •hat  my  mUI  a«tarn«y 
•auaa  ta  ha  4a««  ky  vlrtua 


T*  partli 

i«g|iatan 

,  ta^atkar  with  all  %»4  vftmvt**, 
■ar«kaa4laa  aftpartalalaa  «•  mm 
iy  t«i4  attofcajr  OhoK  4a«M  prop*' 


My  k*  aiiah  4 
mammK  ptaa*' 
Mtu  aM  i^"   iiraitnf 
ifcaBJp.wft'    y  4a  or 


Iha 
•ainli 


To  C*«««      <  <l8««i«L  MaarAirriLa  <>>ih.b«ii», 
(#1tf4  </«»  "<  t»f»r*U 

— .  to  tarry  un,  ««n4«««,  noMia  a«4  Iranaa** 
aatira  kwolaa**  «o«««rna  In(iii4a4  I*  l«4  aar. 
ilof  to  (#*•  <*<  n»m»  ttml  dtmtrifittm  ^  Mr  ♦•i(- 
,  •!  — ,  la . 

For  ma,  a»4  la  aay  MPaa.to  Ma  0*4  amploy  all 
tuah  maaiM,  rtehto,  rana4taa  tad  <ta44M  aa  *r« 
baat  aataitisiMM*  tlM  aah  •■4  auaaaaiM  praa»^ 
«utlo«  of  aaM  kwataaaa.  aM  to  Inaaro  Maaaalant, 
IncraMi,  an*  ■>aaaiy»tloa  •*  all  »rof*rty  i  IH« 
dillaoM  stfUaaUoa  aa*  aatttamaaf  of  Ili«ablt4 
ii««a,  tka  maot  J«4laiooa  pwrakaaaa  aMl  huatai 
■aiaa  thara'.n,  aa*  for  aU  a«4  avavy  othat  aialtn 
an4  tkla«  h«laaaia«  or  portalatag  to  aaM  kualaaaa. 

AnttHmn.   Ta  aoaapt  aay  MN  or  WUa  of  ii- 

<.aaf  a,  4ralto  oc  ar4a(«,  aiih*  uMl  aaaaiita  any 
ptomiMory  aa'.a  or  iMtM.  baaia,  ««a«raaia,  m 
uthor  laattwaiaBta  af  wvllint  In  my  aaafa  a<t4  •• 
my  acaouat,  to  or  (br  any  amount  whiah  ha  mai 
«aom  a«ro4laBt.  aacaaaary  m«4  prayar. 

Aammh  To  a4Juat  aa4  aottia  witk  ^  •»<« 
•vary  porwin,  all  «<  -~u»«a,  4aauia4o  «a4  4uai 
•abdatlM  »'  to  ■<  tat  batwaan  tham  aod  m*, 
aad  to  «emL«aod  i  «»*•»<•  kkd  agrea  to  thj 
aama,  In  %w&.  manuar  aa  my  aal4  Mlw«ay  ahaU 


coaaaoat. 

Attfu.  Ta  aypaap,  aaawar  aa4  4*lka4  i  «« 
ceaMiiaaaa,  atwry  oa.  aa4  nraoaatrta  aay  mII»m. 
aaHa  at  lagarM£e«a4laaa,1»r  any  a«Mi  ar  ttla« 
4iia  or  MSadaf ,  m  la  »•  4ama»4a4  t^  fS.^l' •' 
frMk  «a.  a<MMiata»Bf  aay  ehat^la,  mm,  4a- 

wCtaaatiarTjtta  at^WBiK  ta  or  ky  ma,  Waw- 
^       *^      -ialk«aa»»naa, 


npro- 


tara.  naw.or  haraamr  italkKaatiBiM,  ar  fcac* 

rtanauit  tiwMrala,  kwi  fct  ««iMa  la  a«4,  aamy 

•  ^      maha  aaiyaaiti^  ar  aaraaaMat  la  i 

<...,. <;emliig  ih4  aaaafar  hay  imrl  tharaM 

t.<f/w(*ri*«f-    "^  M*  «aaMut4,  awi  •pf.«S»y. 
ra«   #ar  54  raaatva  aSffi^to***.  ^f^j^^^ 

4a»'ar^SM«a%Mi81UaaiM,SM!a^^  acTOin' 
raclaafM,aiia««aant<rfaiMi<i4kMa,arfiitwao 

MV a^ar  aaawnt  wkaMMvarTky  awfaiaaa •* 
yawaaa  wkMiMaamtr.  *eA  wMn  »«w«l*  •'jj* 
auM,  ar  aay  Mrt  tkirat*  ta  fj^ra  M^gOttanaaa, 
4la8hargaMi«aa^  ar  rahmaaaltor  ilia  mmm. 


Tn  aak.4aiua4,raa«mr  'iia4  laaaiva  aU  ana 


taywm  av  awM  af  Mfnqr,2abl^4«aa  a«4  mar 
«S»a4Uw  ar  »igiy,wa4ltw  •a4  a*Ma 


|a««ta|  la,ar  wMak  w^ at  aavtim* 
SaanMa  4aa  or  yiMba  tuNa  matlmm  a 

yaraaaa  ^vvaiBaoovor* 


duaarb*- 

haraallar 

anypanoa 


To  eomya«ui4  ani  ««m|ir«mla« 
tin  Aabta,  4ttaa  at  4ama«4a  ewtnc.  er  wM«h 
may  Haraaftar  tea  awtof  ta  «a,  end  fg 
SA  tba  wkata  ar  t>m 


CiWBj^WPBWw^p  wPo' 


ar  otnarwiaa  t 


r  tht 
xmy 


aaaia.  In  naab  ■taaafr  «»4  an  au«u 

■aM  attaraay  (a  Ma  otocratlan  may  4at      ,>rapar . 

■air  for  att  ar  any  ef  ihwa  purposKu  to     aka  end 


•^mmmtmm* 


n 


laniUy  #•  •«•»  M«,  Man« 
fYtnf   wMMrtr    •»    MM 

>4m*,  imI  «r«MM«  ai  — . 
•I  ■  aMMMti  (•mmlMiiD 
••tttailMiy  IM   rt^ovoa 

>lil«(««  •»  klM*  ■'  d.y  .n4 

M  With  All  aM  vvaty  t«<>4i, 
ma*  aiiVMUiiitMi  i«  mm 
•nwe**  alMiit  <m«i  ^rafH 
Maw,  lAakt,  •«Mwta,  ttin 
M«,  aM  la  any  aa«M,  til 
Kivayanaaa,  ar  «tMf  l«««iu 
rhawaavar.  wh  h  ■tiall  b< 
It  caif  ytaf  a«,  at  t.<i«4H«(i<i( 
fcaataiaa  afaraaaM  I  a«a  i* 
•■4  avaty  aai  aa4  4aa4  i* 
aalaia.  >Hiaiir  aMMfWinini 
ma  aa  H»»ii»  ••*  il»«»'«» 
paftarmaMa  aa  It  I  wait 
i«a  «aiMMada« ,  karaby  r>u- 
I  alt  tkat  my  <mU  at|a«n«y 
•auaa  la  ka  4aM  by  vi'tua 

lAL  Maar^imia  CoMcaam. 
laif-w*  tfr*l* 

tdi)"*,  Maaaf*  **^  Iraaaatt 
>nc«riMI  tn«l«i4a<l  ta  i.«4  f«r- 


<«««u«a  any  ralaaaaa.  aaniMami* 
«w,  ky  4aa4  a«  aifc«twi«< 


,  aataamaata. 

>«  kta  • 


._.,ta  MM  aMi  aanplay  all 
■laMaa  •■4  MM4aa  aa  ai* 
«  aafe  aa4  auaaaaaAil  ptaaa- 
aa,  an4  M  tnaura  aaaaaataaa, 
rMtaa  mi  ail  9—f*^  I  •>*» 
•4  aatKaiMaaf  ^  ki4ab«a4 
laaa  M*«lMaaa  mMI  fair(«M 
'  all  aM  avary  albat  maiur 
r  parulnlaf  «•  a*M  ktiaiaaaa. 
ae<  aay  Mil  ai  MUa  af  ••• 
lata,  maka  aii4  aaaattia  any 
nataa,  ^oitAa,  aaMraata,  m 
wfMnt  In  My  Mwa  ai>4  •• 
r  any  amoant  wMali  ba  mai 
laaary  Mt4  prnyar. 

at  aMI  aattia  wltli  all  *t* 

.<tuBU,  4a«aa4a  aM4  4ua* 
.iat  batwaaa  than  •n4  «•, 
•iMtrat^  and  agrea  ta  ta« 
cr  aa  my  aaM  anarnay  akatt 

»,  uawar  an4  <aran4  ■  *« 
.MMl  nrwMavte  •*»»(«»»•, 
llnta,%r  aM  «fnM  at  ttilof 
«•!•  4ainan4a4  to.  af,  by  or 


ln(a,%r 

wl«4an 

tt  MwabandiM.  ar  iMitatt 
•ifMit  to  «f  1^  ma,  fcwato- 
Mr  1  tnllaeanUBaa,  •»  baaam* 
\\m  MM*  ta  aiii.tMnp<r<>- 
Mim  at  acraaaMM  la  and 
rwr  nay  |>«n  tharMK 

jrSM».4a«M!tU3X'<liS- 

m}  MMMNf  wkaiMavai. 

NMM  iwa,  •«<««,  ar  lalaai 

talMli  bw»«aa*i  w  IM  ar  aa 

rfcaiwavafTfcy  ■gLfff "  £ 
w,  aai  apaa  raoaiM  af  Um 
kan»ltaf|va  aa^SltWncaa. 
ar  ralaaaaa  wr  um  aaaia. 


aaavar  aa4  raeaiva  aU  ana 
■aan^,  daMa,  4«aa  aai  BM^ 
tailtn  aa4  aibata.  4aa  a*  ba- 
ll afw  at  aay  ticn*  haraantr 
ilaaaaa  ma,BM«i  any  |>araea 


htch 
elaai 
r  tb« 

..rapar, 
abaand 


ipaaM  aai  tampramlaj 
vt  daauMM  awinc ,  < 
vfMi  ta  m;  *'^*  (u 
otmrwiaa  t     t-xn 

Kiif>4  aa  a«i«iiM<' 
leratlan  may  4a* 
th»)ia  purponcii  to 


M  ««atra«tlr,  ky  a««l  a«  aikwwua.  la  nta  «|it«taa 
nMtaaafy  aii4  •■a«4i«nl  tn  lii«  i>i»mM«a. 

,v/i>  •!•  !>«/  •n4  4>a«ka«(«  all  4«kta  aa4  4a- 
n»<>t4«  4m*  a*/ itayaltla  fram  nta  uA«a  any  paraaa 
«,  |>«r««iia  whain«««*«r. 

/'•V'*'  '''  *'*  4ta<w,ai<apt,  maba  ■n4  In4araa 
til  kill*  •(  ••••liang*,  Lhack*  4i*n*.  ptomlMafy 
•alt*,  an4  •grta'naniaailrftwnlfaclaliiiMiilIng,  In 
my  uwn  nam*  *  m  iha  nama  uf  my  mmI  tiiuiuty), 
which  h«  ahall  tta  y«a|>af  tor  iHa  taitying  aa  af 
Mi4  bwunaaa. 

I^itt^fttrntmit,  th  -la  cammaaa*,  tarry  an,  In- 
MMul*  •a4  a^aaauu',*  any  |;racaa4ln«,  alvtl  ar 
tiimmal  tor  any  mfrlnftnitnl  u(  m^  ilgbla  aa 
yr»p-<<(nr  af  .  iitit  u<Aa/),  an4  for  Ih*  |>unMlinianl 
t'  any  paiaaa  ar  |»«i'*ana  far  ih*  mrrlngamar.!  o( 
iht  tama,  ar  tba  Imllalina,  caunlarfalltM,  *t  I'll- 
iii|  aa  r«al.  ayariatta  imllatlaaa  af  aaM  KAtirar 
*>,«*•( 

liumrmmt  — ta  l^•ar•,  at  aaaaa  laauranaa  la  ba 
«klala«4  ufaa  Iba  ««)a4*,  waraa,  m*rthan4laa  uf 
ial4  cenaarna,  ar  auch  pari*  Iharaaf.  au4  at  awah 
mtmiuma,  aa  ba  akall  In  bia  4ta*ratlan  4*am  pi  u- 
4tnl  an4  naaaaaary. 

iMfi  — ta  rnaaiva  all  r«ni«,  laauaa  aa4  froAla 
•f  all  mi  Ian4a  aa4  itnamanla  t«r  uf  <Ka  i<4l<>«ina 

Ktminati,  la  wit  itltti  'i*i»x  '*tmi,  an4  from  lima  to 
nt  la  ranaw  tba  laaaaa  tharaof,  nut  ««tan4lna 

Iha  aaaia,  nawavar,  bayand  iba         day  af , 

Mat. 

UfJi.—lm  aatar  lata  aa4  taba  poaaaaataa  af 
iny  laiula  ar  taaananta,  «r  atbcr  real  tatata  ta 
which  I  Mt  oa  May  ba  antllla4,  an4  raaavar  paa- 
laaaisa  tMMa*!,  aa4  4ama«aa  far  any'  'alary  thMa 
tkarala. 

htrthem  wondr.  «ar.— la  parabaaa  all  gaa4a, 
waraa,  aa4  NMraaaarfUa  far  *aah  ar  upaa  iraalt, 
tl  au«b  priaaa  aa4  t«  auah  ataaunta  aa  ha  ahaU 
taa  praitar,  aa4  tha  aaina  la  aall  again  an  my 
tctoaai  aa4  Ibr  my  baaaAt,  Ibr  aay  prtaaa  what* 


I'mrtk***  rml  ttMt,  «#r  —la  aarahaaa  aay  raal 
Miata  aa  ny  aaaaaat.  In  faa  almpla  —  atbarwiaa. 
'  I  whataaairar.  ami 

,  maba  aB4 
.  .  csatracta,  ar 

«th«r  iaatnuaaata  whataaavar 

Still  rf  smdt—^  aaH  all  ar  an; 
loada, 

lahla 


tl  any  prUia  ar  aaw  aaahangna  whataa 
far  thaaa  parpaaaa  ta  racalvr,  conArm,  i 
tatcuta  aay  wm,   aanvayaacaa,  csa 


-  -  •»/  - 

|o«da,  waraa  an4  marnhanaiaa  which  ma/  eama 

■  I  paaaaaalaa  ar  haawla4fa,  "  *■' 

prieaa  ar  tariiM  aa  ha  ahall  daaii  i 


part  of  aal4 
th  mi 
on  anab'  er«41l 


aaiaa  by  and  ta  arfeltra- 


Suin  if  Immd,  i*t.~^m  aall,  bartar,  aaehanga,  ar 
ditpoaa  «f  any  raal  aatata,  ta  any  parar>  itr  par- 
•a.ia,  far  aay  ^'^  aa4  la  aay  manaar  ivhalaa- 
•a«*ar,  aa4  fbt  thaaa  parfoaaa  ta  aaaawtai  aa4 
acknawMga  aH  4aa4a,  aaavayaacaa  aa4  aaaur 
ificaa.wltk  gaaaral  aaraaanta  a?  warrantv  aaaiaat 
all  ptraeaa  ar  taaaMhraner*,  ar  aayatiarlbova' 
nanta  whataaavar, 

\aiiiimmi  ^  mttumti,  tte.—*o  aattia  and  adlaat 
all  (partatnup)  aanaunta  and  4aHMiida  (and  all 
uihcr  accoimai  and  ttamandi)  new  aabalauaa  ar 
whl«h  RMur  haraallar  aabaiat  batwaaa  ma  and 
any  atbaf  t*^**"  ^  pamana  whamaaavw,  and  to 
ubmlt  aal  d««lda  Aa  aa^ 
Uon,  Of  athai  wlaa. 

lKH>4an>a,  'ii/k^  •«(.— ta  •acagai  hlra  aad  a«> 
flay  all  warnman  rvaitia,  ainiria  aad  aaalataaaa 
tot  tba  bat.air  ar;,  otara  dnatually  aarryiair  aa. 
candaaiiM  maja^ioa  and  traacaaUag  taldlnat- 
Maa,  and  la  dtaehargi  auch  af  aaid  amplayaaa  aa 
h*  may  daaai  ptapar  aad  aipattaat. 

^adiiiiaAwn.  Aad  I  barahy  gtva  aad  graat  aata 
myaaldattaraay&n  pawar  to  aabatlfiita  ana  ar 
mora  atlaraay  or  attamaya  aadai  Mm,  la  or  «aa. 
ctininf  tha  arawkMa  ar  aay  part  tharaaf  t  baraby 
rati^ag  aal  aaaf riala«wlMMaaa*ar  My  aald  at- 
lornay  ar  Ma  aabatitmaa  ahall  da  ^ 
In  tha  prr  niSaaa. 

^•ti/ttm^m.   Andwharaaa,aaidA.Y.  I 
tofora,  aa  my  attamay. .  aaarctaad  tha  , 
troraaald.  or  aama  of  (ham,aad  haa.aa  myattar- 
■ay,  aaaaatad  divara  agraamanta,  ' 


i^yirtaahataaf 


iraala,  aaavayaataa.  4aa4a,  wrliing a  an4  aihat 
Inatrumanla,  •n4  aina'  Ihinga  in  and  abaal  Iha 

rratnMMa,  I  4«  uiaxliift  harab*  ratify  t.n4  taa 
im  all  tha  4*lnfla  a(  Iha  aal4  A  V  ••  my  •ilur< 
nay  in  all  maiiti*  an4  ihinga  kv  nun  tlont  an4 
Iranaa«la4  al  any  lima  litfur*  ina  •••i.ullxn  al 
Ikaaa  i»raaanla,  la  all  Inlania  and  |tutpaa*a  «,har 

aaavar 

Tu  l,<>i.ia<  r  llaar*  (laHB«*t.ii,« 

Iaaah,4amaa4  aua  far, tallaal,  racalva  an4 

raaalpl  far  all  aucna  af  monav,  4akt*  and  4«man4a 
whatawavai,  ilu*,  awing  <>r  aalunamg  to  m*  iiaw 
an4  hataaftar,  by  or  fiam  all  and  avary  paraan 
an4  paraana  whamaaavar  lof  Iraai  I  II  ur  h«*  lag^l 
r«|>rt<.>til«ll«t»; 

I««r4/' 
- —  ta  aak,d*t»aB4,*u*  rar,aalla*l  and  racalva 
all  auah  aum  and  auma  af  maaay,  accannU, 
4*kla,  diia*.  rania  and  nihar  dtmanda  whalao- 
avar,  which  ai*  or  ahall  ba  dut,  aw>na,  payakla, 
or  katonglna  la  ma,  In  any  mannar  whataaavar, 

by  C    D  ,  of .or  bla  lagal  rapraaanlaiwaa,  ar 

aay  of  tham  c#*  uv  .iny  ptrii<m  or  partinit  rt«i«ling  w 
balag  In  iha  Mar*  u« ) 


Antikir 
——  tn  4aman4,aak,  ana  tor.  tallact  an4  raaalva 
all  auma  of  manay,  aacounia,  dabia,  duaa,  rania 
and  4amauda  af  avary  daacrlpilon,  kind  and  na- 
'lura  whaiaoavar.  which  ara  dua,  owing  or  pay- 
abl*  from  any  paraon  nr  ptttnnt  whum«oavar, 
and  lo  glva  good  and  auAdtnt  rtcalpta,  at^iull. 
lanaaa  and  diacharaaa  Ihartfnra ;  glv.ng  and 
granting  unia  my  aald  ailornay  fall  aulbartry,at«. 

ta  aah,  damand,  aua  for,  collact  and  raealva 

411  and  avary  auch  aunt  and  auma  of  manay,  dabta 
and  damanda  whaiaoavar,  aa  ara  now  dua  and 
awing  to  ma  by  and  fram  it'a/f  ivA^m)  .  and  In  da- 
fbult  of  paymani  iharaaf  to  bava,  uaa  end  laka 
all  tawt^l  waya,  maana  and  proaaadlnga.  In  my 
nama  ar  otharwlaa,  for  Iha  raaavary  tharaaf,  by  ar- 
raat,  attaahmant,ar  otharwlaa. ana  io«ampaun4, 
liompramlaa  an4  agraa  for  iha  aama  i  an4  an  pay 
mani  lJi«.-aaf  to  giva  racalpta  or  othar  auMalaM 
diachargaa  far  tba  aama ;  an4  to  4a  all  lawful  aata 
aad  thlaga  whataaavar  concarnlng  tha  pramlaaa, 
aa  tally  la  avary  raapaat  aa  I  myaalf  might  ar 
could  da  If  I  wara  parBanally  praaant  \  aad  an 
altomay  ar  ^tlornaya  undar  hlra  far  tha  purpaaaa 
aforaaald  ta  maiba,  aad  at  bin  ulaaaura  la  ravaha  j 
haraby  ratllVinf  and  aanflrmlng  all  and  whataa- 
avar my  aald  atioraay  or  hia  •ubatllulua,  or  allbar 
af  tham,  ahall  lawftilly  da  i^  aauaa  to  ba  dana  la 
and  abaat  tha  pramlaaa. 

Amiikir 


ba  aab ,  damaad ,  aua  for,  raaavar  and  raaal va 

all  auah  auM  aad  auMa  af  manay,  dabta,  gooda, 
waraa  aad  athar  damaada  whataaavar,  whlah  !a 


1  aa     ...   „  

at  ahall  ba  dua,  awing,  payabia  and  balbaging  to 
mc,  by  any  raaaaar  or  mdana  whataoavar,  aapa- 
dally,  «U.  {tUiUnt  aAaf  *»rtkiiMr  matiiri.He.,  Iki 

Olvtag  aad  graatleg:  uato  my  aal£  attaraay,  by 
thaaa  praaaata.  My  KM,  abaolata  and  ua^uaUilad 
authority  aad  pawar,  la  and  abaat  tha  pramlaaa ; 
Ui  hava,taha  aad  uaa  all  lawlMwaya  aad  n 


>o  my  n  ima.  far  t>  a  pwaaaaaafbraaild  i  aadupori 

aay  aim  monaya,  daMa,  gooda, 

'        C4iuittaaaaa  or  atbar 


atnarwiaa,  far  ma  aac  la  m*  nama. 

And  gaaarally  aU  aad  aVfty  athar  act  aa 
thing  aad  HUnga  la  law  whataaavar,  aai 
ta  ba  daaa  la  aad  abaat  tha  praMlaaa,  lar  i 


'fWw  wa  aad 

tha  racitpt 'af       ,'   i''      

waraa  or  4amaBda,  to  gIva  ac^uil 
auMcti'nt  dtaahargaa  tharatera, 
atharwiaa,  far  Ma  aad  la  my 

and  aata, 
iry 

._ , ma  and 

In  My  aaaM  ta  da,  aaaaau  aad  par«arM  aa  ftilly, 
garMMrally  aad  amp^,  to  all  latanta  aad  purpaaaa. 
aa  I  Myaalf  might  ar  cauld  do  if  paraoaally  praa- 
aat  i  and  ta  oMha  aad  eaaatltuto,  and  again  at 
ahmaara  ta  ravaha,  ana  or  mora  attornaya  ui)4ar 
bim  far  tba  purpaaaa  aforaaald. 

Haraby  ratifAac.  allowlog  and  homing  Arm 
and  aitataMl  ul  aad  whataaavar  my  aaMattar- 
aay  at  kik  aabatitmaa,  ar  aithar  or  aay  af  tham. 
A*a  iawMly  do,  la  aad  about  tha  pramlaaa,  by 
vutua  haraaf. 

To  CoLiBcr  OBBTk  roa  CoiroRAnom  GiMaaALL*. 

-^ —  to  damand.  ra«»var  and  raealva  all  and  aln- 

galar  tba  auma  afm^aay  aaw  or  which  may  hara 


'A 


7« 


AGENCY. 


•fur  b«  or  b#soma  du*.  p>y«bl*  aed  coming  t«  u«, 
or  to  our  auccctaota,  by  virfja  of  any  accounia, 
iigraamact*,  bui4  ol  axchanfa,  bonda,  contracta, 
yromiaaoiy  notaa,  or  other  rnfigomanu  In  deto 
or  in  law,  from  any  person  r;  peraona,  corpora- 
tion or  corporatirni  m  i\«taocvcr. 

Hereby  giving  mni  gi  anting  our  aaid  altoroaya, 
or  any  tv/o  of  tnem,  wnaraof  tht  aaid  A.  h.  s!<«li 
be  oiia,  lull  authority  and  power  to  laatituta  aaiii 
puraue  unto  Anal  judjmant  ntnd  aateution  any 
procnaaa*  or  jproeeadinga  whata««var  which  our 
Mtd  attotaayiiy.  or  any  two  of  tham,  wharaof  aaid 
A.  A.  anatl  b«  ona.  ahall  doam  e«7edi«nt.  and  in 
auth  procaaaaa  or  procaadlnga  for  ua  to  i<)|>p«>ar. 
•nd  ua  to  rasrcaant,  bcfort  any  court  or  courta 
having  jurtaainuoa,  and  therain  to  ptcati  for  ua 
and  ( Dtar  into  alt  sUpulationa  or  othar  raqbialtea 
raquiaiu  and  naccaaary  to  tha  aama ;  and  at  thtir 
dioctatlon,  or  at  the  diasration  of  «ny  two  of 
tham<  wharaof  aaid  A.  A.  ittaH  be  ona,  to  aubmit 
to  •rbitratio'a,  vr  any  comprooilaa  wh«tao«vcr, 
•ny  matter  in  dtapute ;  «nd  aa  our  deeda,  and  in 
our  stead,  to  maka,  acai  and  dalivar  sll  accaaaary 
roeeipta,  acqulttaneca  and  relaottiaa.  Hereby  rut- 
{tying  and  con(iriBi»tt  whatsoever  our  aaid  attor- 
Beya.  <  r  any  two  of  tham,  whereof  aaid  A.  A. 
fchail  b»  one,  may  lawrfully  do  In  thk  |^remi««4  by 
virtue  hereof. 

To  COLLBCT  UlVIORNO  * 

— ~  to  reecive  from  the bank  (»r  coniiMiny, 

«rct>rfk -ation)  tts*  d)vtiS«nds  now  dua  rae  on  at! 
stock  a*  vjdtag  in  my  name  oa  tiieir  booka,  and  to 
:ei;eipt  for  tba  aam*  -,  hereby  ratHytog  and  sou- 
firming,  etc. 

To  COW.tCT  RlNTS, 

<—  to  aak,  damand,  t^lstraib  for,  coli«<t  and  r«- 
ceive  all  aucn  rente  and  mtrmt*  af  ran*  ««  now 
•re  or  may  or  ahatl  bereaftar  gffow  doe  or  owing 
tft  nta  (Vem  C.  D.  or  B.  P., of—, or  atiy  or  cither 
rf  tiient  (ir  from  .".ny  penon  or  ptnom),  at  tenant* 
»i  «ccupa«ts  of  any  laoda,  teMmuata  or  hcr«<ii< 
tac'itntf, balongiag  to  or  claimed  tnrwt, in   ^i« 

iil /  (gr  town  rr  ewfstj}  ot ,ia  tHa  Stat*  of —v 

I,  whieh  temy  b*  dua  from:  or  payable  by,  any 
^kv  peraoa  or  pafaoaaw^omaoavmr.Aa  taaaata, 
oorupants,  or  Unaaa  vi  aaaignaea,  of  «iny  tarm  or 
ttnea  ef  sa<^  lands,  taftaments  or  ii«fodItaDi«nt8, 
«•  any  af  tb^m,  or  any  part  tii«reof,.«nd  upon  ra> 
ciljM  of  tke  same  to  idva  proper  acquitlancas  and 
sitlilci«at  dlachatga  tBeraof. 

To  CoimaM  Act*  or  Arroeixw*. 

And  wheraaa,  Mid  A.  Y.  feas  har«t«>fiM«>  as  my 
altarnay,«MreisMl  the  powers  aforesaid,  or  somt 
ol  tham,  and  naa^aa  any  «ttern«y,a»acut4d  divsra 
afjrMimact»,  t.atia.  wU«  of  eaehanctt,  ahseks, 
ec  atraets,  convsyaaiM*,  ditads,  drata,  promissory 
aiites,  and  otitsr  lastriiMerata  and  writings.  M« 
many  otbsr  tilings  ia  sad  aboat  the  prwnista,  I 
dii  UMrafors  ««ccjM,  acotileses  in,  eonUm  and 
rstl^  and  mabafalld  aO  and  ovary  mattsr  and 
tliiw  by  s«ld  A.  Y.  aa  my  attoraajr  dons  and  p«r- 
lormsd.  at  ani'^riad  «Q  time*  prior  to  tbs  S)c«c«> 
tlon  of  tiissb  prsaanta. 

To  DBkiYBa^^mMKiaioN  o»  Lamm. 

— -  to  SBtar  iate  all  these  lands,  taaements  and 
kersditAMMts,  sitiMta.  In  — ~,  ia  ths  Stat*  of 
— ,  and  alter  au^  sntry  to  aetlvsr  posaeeoioa 
thereof  OMS  C.  D.  or  bis  iMtal  representatives,  or 
either  or  t^  -aA,  to  Ms  or  ftstr  wm,  seaordiag  to 
tu*fem,v  xir and sflhet «f a csrtein itoHl b«ar> 
ingdatt  tlM— T-tfajrof— ,!>y  MM  tosMdC.  O. 

Am  gsAonHr  t«  dr  tit  and  avtry  act  and  thing 
whataoat  n  nacasaary  to  making j|iit«t  entry  and 
giving  MMsahw  poafissMoa  as  alSrmUd. 

Heresy  ratifyii«,  ato. 

To  DtMAItl)  klMT. 

— -  to  aak.  AOBitad  and  raeal**  of  C.  O.  tha 
im  of  — —  mOAra,  for  on*  luaath'a  (ar-  year*) 


sum 


rent  of  {/liitrUf  Mr  *rtmfK»),  dita  m«  «n  tiw ' 

day  of laar,«iM  on  ra«eiMtheir«b*^j|(v«|( 

SuBsicat  diseharf  *  5m  the  earn* ;  aa4^  on  iccflniit 


of  paymant  titsraof.  for  m*.  amd  la  «Ay  Mm*,  to 
antar  i^to  aM  taka  pse*asaim>  of  ania  prsnlas*. 
and  d«tali|  and  iKsa|i.the  aam«  Tor  my  us«. 

—  to  domaod  and  raesive  of  and  from  C.  D., 
of  — - :•«  tho  ——  day  of naitt, dm  mtm «f 


—  dnltara,  for  ona  monrh'a  ('jMHrter'a,  or  yur't 
etc.)  rent  for  the  folSrwing  dtKribed  premitei' 

Kttuattd  In  ,  in county,  la  tlit  State  of 

— ~  iiUtcrliing  tlum),  dua  by  ihu  terma  3f  a  leait 
bearing  data  the  — —  day  ol  -  — ,  wberr',>y  »u( 
premtsti  were  let  to  tarn  C.  D.  by  aaid  A,  B  \m 

a  term  af . 

And  in  d«fstilt  ef  ]M>yat*rt  of  ««»d  <um  I  iriur 
my  naitt  attorAay  full  outhority  and  |>dwer  to  er 
ter  Into  and  taktt  posseMion  of  said  premiaca,  <m 
th«  Intent  that  naid  I««m,  according  xn  provi. 
amna  therein  contained, (halt  become  Mo',i:  anj 
further  to  do  and  perform  all  thiinga  tt«<:c»aary 
and  re^unitt  to  b*  done  in  tind  about  th«  execu- 
tion Gi  theae  jK-caenMi  according  to  the  true  In- 
tent and  meaning  thereof. 

To  Dhaw,  iNnoRHs,  anh  NiUKm*TS  Rilu  m 
Ex(;han«r,  H-rc. 

< —  to  dmw  and  aubacribe  bill*  of  tuwhante 
aingly  and  in  *\Vi  (m  circuniaiancea  require)  upo.> 
i/ifrr  iwiert  tiuf  namfs  <(/  ttriiwrtt  er  dtit*rt),  on  at 
Lount  of  moneys  due  from  them  to  m*  for  th; 
sales  of  my  goo*!*  (wares  nnd  merrhandiaie),  bt«'y 
uolu  by  i,ii«nt  Ti'T  ine,  vr)  purehaaed  by  tb«m  of  me, 
and  in  my  nen<*  and  behalf  to  oegctiata  and  ael! 
the  same  in  th*  mar'jECt  fii>r  the  largaa  t  sum  whlrn 
my  said  attorney  can  obtain  therefor,'  and  tht 
procaeda  thereof  to  receive  and  retaib  for  mv 
oiM. 

And  i  do  ftirther  authorli*  and  empower  nij 
said  attorney,  in  my  name  «n<}  bahetf,  to  indorac 
xt>y  bill  or  bula  of  exchange  which  shall  he  drcwn 
p«>y*bl«  to  m«,  acid  a*  rsMuied  to  m*  to  my  .b- 
«>ince,  and  th«i  cams  to  ncgettats  and  sell  to  my 
best  advaatMC,  itnd  to  rrcai^  and  retain  the 
pr«icMds  of  tm  satn*  to  nty  uss. 

H(rat>y  granting  my  oaiid  attamsy  power  to 
•tibstitute  one  or  mors  attoraeys  under  him  I'. 
the  fur*fnia««:  and  ths  same  at  ]>l«asure  to  re- 
voke. 

To  Emtbk  Lamm^ 

tosutor  into  all  lands,  t«nsm*!tts,  add  h«tc- 

ditamcsts,  situated  In  «-— ,  and  .  and  — . 

which  at  any  time  heretofore  was.  or  did,  or  doe* 
ftew  apperMiS  theicto,  or  did  in  his  lillitim*  be 
lone  ualo  D.  D.,ef — -,d*c*a*«d,graitdCkth«ro( 
ms.  th*  naid  A.  D.,  in  whose  ssvaraH  or  other 
tenur**  af  occupation  the  aam*.  c«  any  of  them 
notif  at*,  or  hsretofors  Imvs  twsa.  for  at*  and  !:< 
my  aams  or  right  to  etalm,  ehaUsng*,  and  de- 
ntand  aa  my  lawftil  inhsritanr 

And  hKVuM,  tot  m*  and  in  n  nam*,  and  as  mv 
right,  to  «!lalm  and  demand  all  *n4  avery  tuch 
lands,  tcnemeata,  and  bareditaiuieats,  remaio- 
dsrs  and  rsvmeioas,  biwfally  or  rightfiilty  sppet- 
tainiag  aiwi  balonging  tioto  ms  tbroiigh  my 
hrettar,  B.  O.,  sf  — -,  deceased. 

And  lastly,  ibr  me.  in  my  namt,  in  my  right, 
and  to  my  ass,  tc  maks  all  and  svery  ench  entry 
aed  enbrtes,  claim  awl  cfaUimt,  in  «>r  tmaa  all  and 
•vary,  or  *ia  of  tha  mrsmisss.  as  to  ley  said 
attorney  «ihaU.  at  any  u«*  or  times,  *«sm  coa- 
v*ni*nt  aad  rsMdieat  for  the  reducing,  rs-vcit- 
ing.andssttUi^nnto^^msallsv'  Mt«t«s,  poeeet- 
siMM,  rsvwaloas,  AndMm-'^idcr*  as  t«  A*  did  or 
6m»  lawfblh  hslong. 

Ohring  and  grantiag,  ate.  u 

To  fiT  Out,  F«mm«M.  Am»  L«t  Vbhw. 

to  ordar  S.  P.  to  fit  out  ths  vssM,  V.  U, 

of -,~,  of  —  ton*  bnr^f  a.  wharMf  W*  ar*  pan 
owners,  and  M.  M.  its  matter,  for  vm*  *^* 
to  sea  aa  our  said  att«n<«*hhgasomi  a>^  we 
do  hsrshy  mpm  to  p«r.  or  lOtojr  «w*  of  the 
moaeys  ih  So  hanrfa  «Fial4  M,  B.  ,o«r  Pjop«- 
tioBs  of  tik«  auntwm  of  aaid  voatot's  ««iMt,  s<^ 
cording  to  oar  r/«>ot^*MMits  Urtatsatsttgsln. 

R.  toistsaidtdOpite  fBrsMitfbranefcavoyag**; 
h*  Shalt  dasm  p««|Mr  and  «*r  our  advaatsgs  sb4 

And  we  do  ihrth«r  a<r**  wlfli  aaid  ll.  B..  ssch 
fvrMmsslf  OiOi  ,aa4  not  ;!oindy.  »e«o«|»M  to  ear 
rssMctlM  MiKwtieiW  in  wM  va*s»lViB&ll  **< 
wiaintfamAArsaid  M.  R.  fsr  dl  stamen^twagei, 
and  an  actions,  costs,  and  damages  by  rcsifa 
thereof,  that  4|«U  or  may  gr<rw  due.  or  be  In- 
curred «a  account  of  said  vssssi  fbr  h*r  li^tsndM 
voyage  ou<  aatf  bom*. 


AGENCY. 


11 


«•  raon'h'n  {'j',i»rtef'«,  or  y«i'i 
r^lirwing  d(wrtbad  premltei' 

1 ttouitly,  in  tht  Butt  of 

«),  dua  by  thu  t«rms  3f  ■  ie«i, 

d«y  of ,  wharr'oy  •iii< 

to  Mint  C.  D.  hy  Mild  A,  B  fuf 

>?  pttytriKtint  of  **ii(i  aum  )  ^m 
ulf  iitthorlty  mad  |>aw«r  to  cr 
iou«Miavt  of  Miid  prcmiiKu,  '.i 
lid  !••■•,  accordlitc  t»  provi. 
«ln«d,  Shalt  bccom*  va^,J :  «nj 
psrform  all  things  (i«cc«>ary 
I  dont.  tr>  Mnd  about  th«  citet;;!. 
eiiu,  according  to  the  true  tn- 
tharaof, 

i»R,  AHn  NwwTiATm  Bills  or 

l>l4:HAM<iB,  IITC. 

id  •ubacrib*  Wila  of  eiichange 
I  ts«  circunitupccs  raqutte)  upo.' 
wv  .y  driiiiirtt  ar  dtisiri),  on  tc 
dua  from  tjt««n  to  m*  for  th« 

•  (wares  nnd  mcrcharKUwe).  (tite'y 
!,  <»■)  purchMMd  by  tbam  of  mt, 
nd  bahalf  to  n<i;f>Hat«  and  icl! 
ar'i:at  fturtha  larsMtaum  whlr'< 

can  obtain  tharafor,'  and  Viv. 
to  racaiva  and  rataib  for  my 

ir  Muthorif*  and  ampowcr  ni; 
ny  name  «a<}  bshalf,  vx  indorw 
DKcbanga  which  »hm\\  )m  drcwn 
id  a*  riiM«iti«d  ta  wa  to  my  .b- 
ma  to  otRotlate  an^  sail  to  my 
itnd  to  r«co(4«  and  rataln  the 
kcna  to  my  uaa. 

t  my  said  at*«rn«r  power  to 
mora  attoraaya  uodaf  bim  (' 
I  tha  aama  at  plauura  to  re- 
st Emtiik  Lahiw. 
I  ntl  landa.tanamants.atid  hcre- 
cd  Jh  — -~,  and  — .  and  — . 
I  barstofon  w«a>  or  old,  or  doe* 
aiato,  or  A\A  In  Ma  lihtlm*  be 
r-— ,  dacaaaadt  grandtather  or 
D.,  to  whoaa  wvtmii  or  other 
ttioD  tSia  aama«  MM>y  of  them 
odor*  hava  baaB|  for  *•  and  in 
t  to  eMiB,  ebananga,  and  de- 
al tnhafitanr  -. 

nM  and  <n  n  namat  and  as  mv 
nd  damand  all  and  avary  toch 
,  and  b«reditat.iicnta,  reinsin- 
M,  tawftiUy  or  rigbtfoUy  apper- 
loflng  unto  na  throegh  my 
- — idecaaaad. 

•na,  in  my  Banc,  la  my  right, 
maka  aU  and  avcry  cttch  entry 
\  Mttd  daioM,  In  ««  a»on  ail  sbd 
tha  srambMa,  as  to  ny  said 
any  mnt  or  tlmts,  aaaos  con- 
diant  for  tha  rsdiKlng,  re-vtit- 
int»(na  all  av'  Mfait«a,poaMt- 
•ntf  •«in*'nd«r«  aa  t«  Hhe  did  or 

iSnii,  etc.  it 

FtnuttsM,  AMB  Lit  Vaiwi. 
.  P.  t«  At  out  tfc«  vaawl.  V.  U, 

•  bnrtikfD,  wbartof  wa  «r«  part 
t.  it*  mattor.  for  •oetl  »  veyagc 
I  uttanMgr  •mQm*  t«!  wm  wc 

M  vaor.  or  «li«ifir  mt  of  tiie 
t  •fa»M  U.  R.  aw-  propor- 


mm  of  MM  vMtai'a  atiiMt,  V' 
MMiWMta  fittetaata  OaMlo. 
%a«|Ma««rarMidor4arwid  M. 
t  Iw  firateit  fiir  aiMt. «  ««yNi*  «* 
i|Mr  ma  «»r  our  •«««•«•(•  m4 

kwr  airao  Willi  MM  ll.ltv  ••di 
\aA  wit  j!«ifitir«  tK«9^HM  «> «» 
rttom  tin  Mdl  vaaasMMli  •"' 
td  M.  R,  far  aU  •CMnan'awagai, 
costs,  and  damagca  by  raaifs 
11  or  may  grow  dua,  ar  b*  i«- 
t  of  aald  vaaaal  for  her  iiitendfd 


To  FiLt.  u»  Bmmks  in  a  WniTtifo,  «rc, 

—  as  aooa  m  convectantly  may  ba  (or  on  or 

scfnre  il3« day  of '— ),  t«  flII  up  blacks  in  UtttI* 

Ikt  kintl  ar  tharmitr  t^  tk*  iiutrmfrMi)  a«  rsllows : 
UMi&int  t^rtinUmrh  Uu  Htut  tr  p*rU  t»  tt  A/M 
»*  amirv  fouilil*,  t»*  *SMt  itnMrr  t*  It  JUltd  in) 
with  wa  propaf  da^  when  tha  saAia  afaail  bo 
caeeuMd.  aa4  alga  (and  eaal)  and  deliver  tha  same 
for  ma  and  la  ny  oama,  to  C.  D.  (lilt  heir*  »nd 
Milgn*  <!bi«¥er>. 

{.If  it  it  mm  imttrmmunt  ^ftetiiur  I/Ml  t$t»tt,  or  out 
rtiiHirititatkiumiiideminl.iuU  H*/eil*wi<tt).  and 
afierwarda  to  aaiiaowladfa  aaid  conveyance  (»r 
Mlur  huttmmtmt,  mmimf  B)  M  my  free  act  and 
daed.bafofs  anyafliovavtliottsad  by  law  to  uha 
acknowladgmatita* 

And  ganaralty,  for  ma,  and  in  m*  name,  and  aa 
my  act  and  dead,  but  t«  tha  uM  of  Mid  C.  D.,  hia 
haira  and  aar iyna,  to  do  all  and  every  other  act, 
mattar,  »nd  thlMi  which  shall  ba  necesMry  or 
reqiilali*  to  tha  cflaetttal  aaacution  end  aeknowl- 
edgmant  of  s«M  coovsyanca  (tr  tik*r  inilrmrntnt, 
namiitg  it),  in  all  raapQcta  and  aa  full/te  aU  in- 
tents  and  kis<p««M  aa  I  aiyaalf  might  or  conid  do 
tf  psraoaaUv  preoant ;  hereby  rsUfying  dod  con- 
firinliw  aU  that  my  aald  attori>«y  may  lawfully 
do  10  ttta  jircmlsMby  virtue  hereof. 

Provide*^,  howavsr,  that  them  prtMnta  shall 
not  b«  eonaitruad  to  annul  or  revoke  any  power 
•sf  attorney  by  ma  at  any  time  heretofore  given,  to 
any  «th<nr  person  or  pctaena  wbomsos^er  for  any 
other  m),rpnvm% ;  an£  provided,  further,  that  thena 
preaenta  sbali  aot  bo  eonatrucd  to  asteod  or  ap- 
point my  <Mi4  attorney  for  any  other  purpoM 
whataoavar. 

To  iMWDtt  PaoHnrrf ,  »tc. 

.^ —  to  afliict  losuraAea  on  tha  (bllowlog  do- 
scribed  property,  *o  wit  (di'iicriUitf  il),  with  tha 
— ~  Inauranca  Compao/,  of  ——,  o»  each  terms 
as  my  Mid  attorney  sbakl  dMm  nacaaMry  oi 
proper,  and  for  thia  purpMs  to  sign  any  apMlcs- 
i*on  Ibrthe  tMna.ajiy  rapraaeotatlon  of  condmbn 
HI  vala*  of  Mid  premrfiy,  niny  articlM  of  agrae- 
k.isnt,  any  sotaa,  and  other  papara  oaceaaary  for 
that  pwrpoM,  and  to  cancel  and  aurrander  any 
policy  whleh  CM  may  obtain,  and  upon  such  can- 
celling, or  aiisrandar,  or  aaplratlan  thereof,  to  re- 
ceive any  divldaod,  ratum  premium  or  depoeit, 
that  may  b«  duo,  and  gtva  racaipta  or  diachargM 
ft}t  tha  s«m«. 

To  Lbasb  Lands. 
to  laM*  Mr  writiinc  aU  tha  fell«wln|  de- 


scribed ffMl  aatnia  altuMad  in ,  In  tha  State 

of ,  Of  any  part  tharaef  which  my  said  at- 
torney ahan  aa*  Bt.  and  to  aueh  peiaon  and  par- 
sons, nari  for  aoch  tarm  and  tarwa^not  exceeding 

),  and  with  aueh  roaarvatlom  of  rente,  cove- 

nanta,  aad  cAsdltiona  m  my  aald  attorney  shall 
dMm  amMHant:  and  In  m;*  aamo  to  uMeta 
iM»l)  andTtfidiMr  aaid.writtaA  laaaM  to  tha  leaaee 
or  liiMii  thatMf.  ratntelng  dupUcatM  of  the 
sama  ouly  wltaaaaad. 

And  ItMn^^a  a«d  at  an  tlmM  hMMftar ehalt 
nod  wtn  eoMirni  and  nMf  all  and  avaiy  ast  and 
thing  wht^  my  a«M  tttartiry  ahail  do  in.tba 
premiflM  la.  my  aamo  by  vtotao  haraof. 
To  iMaoi  am  Sau-,  arc, 

-~- to  i«aM, s^t«r  maka  any  otl>M dl^«altlen 
wbatavar  of  O*  tMimtim  dawrlbad  aremlaM,  to 
wit  (rfww'ffftarrtm).  «aii4U>  aifa(eea}f  and  dsHvar 
any  acraMHat,  MMgamaat,  mmmnam,  convay- 
anea,  or  ItnM  ta  ainr  paraon  or  paraona  who  ahaU 
purCMM  or  agrao-to  Buichaa*  mM  pt»wlaM,  or 
any  jMrt  Mimaf,  m4  >n  dua  lotm  of  lew,  to 
achnnwibte*  109  M^  Inattttmant  aacdaaary  to 
tha  peipBrnma/tyUtf  or  laaMng  aaid  yjamiasaor 
aajrvarttlMng^ 

Hayaby  njftfyins»  ^^te« 

To  Rwnr  LwMHi  Am  Sstx,  nc. 

)  for  a  r«aa  wal  of  tlM  laaait 


tha  iuMaii(a4  tariii  of       , ..-  -^ . 

upon  to  «Hign  tha  Mm  wbar-^by  t  bold  and  awy 
hoMtlwMMa.. 

To  Svnvay  Airo  tfAM,  arc. 
•*—  to  mrviiy  far,  and  laaM  by  wrttlnct  ta  a«y 


parson  or  pereone,  and  for  auch  term  or  tsrma 
(not  txettdinm  — ),  and  at  auch  rente  (not  lest  tliaa 
— —),  payable  at  Intervale  of  (not  tcu  than  — ■). 
M  enall  Mem  mMt  convenient  to  my  interest,  and 


with  such  covsoanta  aa  my  said  attorney  ahalt 
deem  expedient  («r  with  the  usual  covensnit.).  And 
for  me  and  in  my  name  to  csecutc,  sign  (m:.'.). 
and  deliver  said  written  leaaM  unto  the  parties 
to  whom  eaid  premiMs  shall  be  lot,  anu  counter- 
parte  thereof  to  receive. 

Oiving  and  granting  to  my  Mid  attorney  full 
authority  and  power  in  tha  premlsM  to  do  and 
eMcuta  all  thinga  in  oa  ample  a  manner  aa  I 
miaht  do  If  personally  preMttt. 

Hereby  ratifying,  ate. 

To  ManAOS  RsAL  PsOTBRTr. 

—  to  exerciss  the  general  control  an  auper- 
yieion  over  the  lands,  tenementa,  and  heredlta- 

mente  belonging  to   me,  nnd   altiMtsd  In  

county,  In  the  State  of .    To  prevent,  hinder. 

and  (orMd  all  treepaMlng  and  waate  thereon : 
and  at  my  cost  and  chargoa,  and  under  the  advice 
and  counael  of  my  attorney,  A.  Y.,  of  -~,  to  eue 
for,  collect,  compound,  receive,  and  rMover  all 
damages  whUh  may  accrue  by  reaMn  of  any 
trcspassM  or  wsate  thereon,  and  for  all  debts, 
rente,  and  .moneys  due,  owing,  or  that  may  ba 
due  crowing  from  tha  gains  and  profltawhii^h 
has  or  may  n'ereafter  araa  from  or  out  of  Mid 
premleea. 

To  MoRTGAOB  Real  PaoraaTV. 
— -  to  obtain  for  try  um  tha  eum  of  —  dollara, 

at ■  s>er  cent,  lotereat  p«r  annum,  for  a  teim 

of ,  <>nd  to  Mcure  the  {Mymciit  of  the  Mme  to 

exacute,  aign  (msI),  and  dsliver  a  mortgage  upon 
tha  following  deecribed  premisss,  to  vtltidiurit- 
ing  lAtm),  and  to  Include  in  aaid  mortgage  the 
uaual  provlalona  for  Insurance,  InterMt,  taxea, 
and  power  of  eate ;  and  as  collateral  thereto  to 
execute  euch  promlsaory  notM  aa  may  ba  agreed 
upon  by  my  Mid  attorney  and  the  mortgagee. 

To  HAKB  PARTtTION. 

—  to  make  partition  with  tha  other  heira  of 
my  lata  father,  D.  D.,  deceaaad,  of  his  rsal  (snd 
personal)  eatate,  aitd  open  any  partition  or  dl- 
viaion  thereof  (to  accept  end  receive  my  ibsrc  of  the 
saott).  and  to  enter  upon  and  take  poeesesion  of 
any  landa,  taMmanta,  and  haredltamenta  which 
may  ba  Mt  apart  aa  my  portion  of  the  Mme,  and 
to  enter  Into  any  agrMmant  or  covenant  rsapeet- 
tag  my  portion  or  uare  (and  the  portions  or  iittre* 
of  the  otner  hdrt),  m  my  aald  attorney  ehall  deem 
raaaonable  and  to  my  InterMt ;  and  In  my  name 
and  for  mv  uaa  to  demand,  eue  for,  and  taht  poa- 
aoMlon  or  ail  and  aingular  the  property,  rMi  nr 
seraonal,  and  aU  righta,  ^ita,  and  cdiscti,  with- 
held ftom  ma,  to  wnlch  \  am  entitled,  and  which 
I  may  lawfttuy  claim  from  tha  halts,  exMvtora, 
or  administrators  of  pay  aald  fothar,  or  any  oihor 
parMn  «>r  persona  whemaoaver. 

To  Paoaacirr*  amo  Dbpekd  Sttrn> 

—  to  appear  to.  inatituta,  prOk«cute,  end  de- 
f«c4  all  MttaM,  real,  seraonal,  or  mixed,  and  all 
and  avary  actfon,  auit,  or  proceeding,  1^,  for,  or 
against  me ;  and  in  my  name  to  piMd  ta  and  pur- 
aua  t!ia  Mme  ta  Bnal  Judgment  and  exMUiion, 
with  full  sower  and  In  my  name  to  execute  all 
bonda,  uadartakli^,  arreementa,  atlpulatlona. 
and  ever*  writing  whataoever  necMMry  and 
iMulelta  in  tka  pramlaM ;  with  full  power  of 
sobatittitien  and  revaMtlon. 

Hereby  tatting,  ate. 

tern  PROXt  TO  »Ofr».  ETC. 

—- to  trota  fit  any  election  of  dlrecti»T8  or  otiiar 
•Smm  of  tha  igif*  iki  rnuHt  ^  tk*  c«M^n/,  cvp- 
p*rmUtti,  Ht.)  at  any  maaHog  of  the  etoekholderv 
of  aaid  conipik(ay  (f  onpomlioa  i  as  ruUy  m  I  might 
•r  Mold  ware  iperaonany  preMOt. 
^Ktlhtr. 

—'to  Tota  aa  mv  profcy  at  any  aisctlon  of  di- 
rattera  or  other  omcatrs  of  tha  {mtmf  »/  cam^ny. 
i,rf»rmt*»»,  *tc. )  according  to  the  number  of  votM 
I  Hiould  be  entitled  to  li  t  were  then  peroonally 
areaint. 

Affidavit  (vr  ifffirmaliM)  iff  SkMrrt. 

State  01—,  — —  eoanty,  ea. 

I  do  adlemnly  swaw  (*r  \  do  toktaaly,  sincereff, 


■ae(iiw(iuriiaii)i;,:i.-,. 


AGENCV. 


aM  truly  tjcoinv  «ih1  ■fhrm)  Milt  th«  nhiUfWt  on 
ivhicii  nrty  ■tt«n'n»i'  •md  nniiinlt  in  tJi»  f  >"thlit,  for*- 
ening  i>-  •«'»'» -.  *••»  i'*'»  !•■»'»  ""*  ^"  B'tOHJ'  *•  *Ullhor- 
Iml  to  vote,  <lo  not  tMloog,  »ad  airs  not  ii)f|H>lli«'- 
cBtmi  10  ««Mi  tompany  <«»•  i«»rjii"™iioii>,  •i»(<  that 
OiBy  ar*  not  hvpo«««««t«d  »r  plMi^^il  «o  *iiy  ottoar 
coa»»»'»y  w*ti»or»sijoo,  or  jhwubb  •whstti'er  ;  lh»t 
•Mth  »»u»r«i  ii«v«  Slot  »i«on  tmnnfariUHl  to.  ran  l«r 
th«  nuifswMe  tif  «ti«iiMii|g  mf«  W  vo*ii  sKomwo  at 
■M»  «n»uiing  «l«cti»n,  maA  '«•<  ■'  !»«»»  not  «»c- 
ty««l:«i<«  *»  sbbII  Of  vamCcr  inwnt  «(p«tt  «Mi?  ctwi**- 
tiOB,  luBinwtiiiMTOii,  ar  uildArmamdiM  t»  b>»1«Moo  »'> 
■vaHiMMr  »l  v««tac  nt  tiM  «ud  •laeOiui  iiumI  wi» 


rx' 


s. 


■  tha  paixai  unfll  j»sMii«i»»  nt"  jKtjani  1 

lBii»crttM<  umi  swcma  i«w  affiirate*:  ■»», 

■KChia <l«y  «f-~,  A.  C  — -.    ,      .    _       , 

t'  SifiuUmrm  Mut  iHtlt «'  <#««r.> 

HjiririCArioM. 
law  "CoMna«MniK»"  lOwyp..  swj  iilae  oHlitiff  diMMMw 
I  nboTC  ami  maair 
SIC  mml  etJiiikraainc  •>>  -ttaic  ai«r 

.•fa*/**".' 
Harflijr'ratiMns  «oi  couift..  .a«iif  nil  lawrftjJ  mcitt 
iiooe  by  my  »ww  a*t«>re«y  in  sh«  pr«iml*9i«  by  >^Sr- 
tiic  hAr«o(. 

And  th«  »«i«  A  0.  »!»••«  *i«f «*>;!'  M'tJify,  «!l«w, 
•ndi  rAa'ti«<lifm  to  l«w  nit  «n«l  wtikUii»nv*rscts  tbtt 
Mid  A.  Y.  eH«il  tf«<  «<r  ««nM  ta  ba  4om  in  pur- 
Biwnc*  hcniQf. 

Hat-Jbr  mtlfytJH  a*4  r.iM>*rJi!lt>ff  »3i  tMot« 
whauocvvr  iawft<%  iS«a«  W  tb«  prdmlM*  by  nay 
•nld  •ttorney  ar  hlw  i»ui»»8it*w«.,or  «itis««  t,t  ibtm 

And  3,  the  «i»id  A,  'd.,Aa6  w>y!»«lr»  litiftK  Jird 
win  at  nil  tim*ft  h«*-«after,  r*»if»/  *««»  c.*e?lftrtKi  all 
tiMj  «v«ry  msii,  scatter,  «na  tbinc  wbfeh  ths  iaid 
A.  v..  in  my  nam*,  ^«U  towMJy  4o  oy  virtue 
naraof.  In  t»e  t^rci'"'™'**- 

To  Rw(tiiv«  V'tynvrMi:. 

W  r«eetva  ttoe  ilSv»a«nd»  9«y«sil«  «»  aM 

«tsM?S<  staB«Sias  in  my  name  ere  th«  te«-nk»  •*  (jiSimV 
»»(<»«  e»mfi*H$  er  ttrff  -ettiek',,  u94  roMiifit  ittarviiitn 

to  rectivB  from  tba  —-  (*»»«*  e/com^Hf  sr 

far/tirraiian'  tive  diwid-itads    (WW    'iuffi  rae  aa  tH 
fctotite  aitintfifis  tn  my  iia«s»«  en  Mis  b(>i>ki  of  uaii 
corapanyt.  amfrcceipt  for  ih*  aansa. 
AmtiAtrr. 

- —  to  f  sceJtfHi  *&«  divl4«adit  whK-h  «w«  or  afcttlJ 
b«  p*ycb!«  &ccorJ(ns  t!)  tow  Oft  at)  fita  aitfuyi 
sHindinc  £a  my  name  in  Hi*  im«h»  »iths  H.  And 
Ym  iliiilwey  Ciomaany  i'=^  sad  L-  Ji'««i»Bi»V,ii;  Uire, 
i»r  Treasury  'tf  thi  UnlJet*  Staim,  (W  »,  Knil  K .,  Buiik- 
ing  Company,  -^ic,  Mc.),  witis  mK  ^wor  t«>  atftli* 
and  Bubttiiu*.*  ae  aitorRoy  or  *tt«»Mi«va  umSs* 
Mm  for  that  parnoM,  lUKi  t«  da  «  94  5j«rtfti»tt  aM 
tbiOKi  lawful  and  r«qiuMt«  in  the  ptreiKieattj  h«4«> 
by  r«til!yinK  *ii  ***  «>?  *«*"'  "tteroay  or  W»  »afe. 
atitutee  abatl  lawfaUy  An  hy  viiiwt  htttaf, 
AsNCHKKKT  at  OrviuifMS. 

lAdtS  U  oflitr  </thf  itioKt  fermi  wArw^ra^i')  s«<t 
to'arssign,  tiraiuif*-,  anJ  aiBl  #v«r  «nto  B.  F.  imA 
©.  H.  iae  aura  t,%  -—»  awi!ta»»  af  9.«<!S  4ivWift64  {4t 
«tos:ii,  »>•■  o' «hs.  iiUowisg  €!i»i<i«tK5s.  <»»'»t3cis,  ti  »i», 
tptcifyi»g  thim). 

To  Rncsun^  KiUNioirr,  «tc. 
— ~  to  d««a«4,  *»•  iiar,  susil  pr«je««t»  w<tife 
eCfatv,  and  te««iv«,  jor  nay  u»9,  and  ihe  «**; «?  C- 
D.,  SB.  F.,  amll  O.  H,,  part  «wn«rs  of  '"       "' 


!>d!  likes 

'>,  ail  Kiisli  ftoiBV  »i  iu'enny  «•  era  tf^  frtMSii  m. 
fj...  C-  H.,,  ""i*  N.  T.,  etc.,  8»«f^)«is»*i»j  3te.i  iV'i 
fr<i38>>!'i  ^  otliatrwia*  for  «r  «Mt«i«l>l<if  Siqi^MHiS 
all  good*  and  mcreliandiaa,  lR>|»9>Hs«  ^  ««?<# 
akip  in  h«r  iat*  v«iysg«  firtnuB  -— .  hy  vtlittM  rf  •« 

thtrVer  fiinty  tl4Miilj|lla<tt  Sht ^  <•«»  «— -i, 3r 

i>tt)e;wi««,«nd  ttpoa  rae«ia4  «^t«r«o(  ^.ffK^.  ««n> 
e}«nt  aeq«itl«»««t  *iis«S  rt»e»iw  fof  tlw  »flm«^ 
To  Btir.wvit  .WoHiT  noi  vht  Dos,  «•!■•.. 

—  W  damami  *n«t  recaiva  »a  the  ■  -    <«ay  «>} 

aaat,  th«  au^.  ©f  ——  dejlara  ftw  Mj*  »^  *ir •«* 

•f  wbSch  C  O.  end  B,  P..  w » ^  »«iv  «^Mie)^ 


tioo,  ;ia*!fiaf  data  tha  - —  day  of  -—  taat,  art 
bouftii  wnlo  ma,  aiid  u»»o  p*5fB«n«  ttarasf  to  rs- 
caiat  for  Ch«  aama  and  caocal  kald  otuiiatloc. 

Aod  >(  titta  aaraa  ahall  not  thaa  ba  vaid,  to  lu* 
for  *h«  n«iM  of  — >  dottara,  tha  ^nalty  of  aaid 
abtii|!uti«i(!i. 

I'o  Rncmva  MoKav  rat>M  UKsaawarrcm. 

to  aak,  4«nBand,««-i  for,  and  ra««*«r  «)i« 

(Mtr^ral  auw  and  aama  »f  mon«!y  wMak  I,  th« 
iMld  A.  3^.,  may  ba  aotiliad  «,o  r(«D«ar,  taftthtr 
with  nit  ceata  and  chKrgaa  Incidant  tharaM.  ftom 
ctrtain  undarwrltara,  by  artioa*  p<)>U«t««  «r  Uiiuf 
aeu*  c«r(;«iR  e«»da  aiM  nwebeadlaa.  abtmati  hi, 
thf  thin  — ,  waf «  aactirnd  Aroi.'.  toaa and  aaatajrt 
Iftry  ma,  by  tham  raayaetlvaly.  aa  feiiawa,  to  wit 
'  '<*«--  '/H-V  «'**'  /"s^*  "Mw'  «M(r4«ti*»«  wrfw  *,t#»rn< 
i^'  iwS:  ntii<<>rwiUf  HpmnOttt},  all  of  will*!)  aal4 
«ao««  and  in«r««>ondiaa  b«eam«  wboKy  danacwl 
and  loat  Itvm  m^A  ebip'a  bsSciK  fairc««  1^  »U«mi 
•i  we«tb«r  ii»tJ  — — . 

And  to  dafautt  of  {Mkynaaat  «f  ttit  mpi««  »r  any 
»»»t  thi»a«>f,  im  m*  and  la  «y  aaaa  »»  eom 
w«ae«  l>od  i>ra4a«*»M  to  tmA  aMNst  any  action*  at 
law  Of  iMuify  agaiiwA  acJd  ottdafwrttara  er  t'««lr 
tM*)  r»str«JMetiitlv63.  «t  t»ae«na»«¥*r  olaa  It  way 
«o«s»i)v,  ftfr  tlsa  rocovary  aa*  t»fb»«Jiiif  p«yit!«»* 
ttoerof  aad  on  SMsymeat  'A  tba  aaetui,  or  any 
part  t!t»r»*l.  tor  w*  mUI  ki  my  vamo,  to  a«acuM 
•«|«AblB  dlaslMUft*. 

HciiS  If  my  Slid  attort.*/  >-^aU  dattm  acocdiant, 
to  mmpivmim  «!t  itvbniH  to  arbitrattoa  tha  aav- 
«(al  claloMt  (oniS  4aSBan4«  wMeb  I  have  oaaihit 
naid  u»vdiar»rttmf»  bjf  vUlua  ;.)f  lUlld  poa«I«a  3« 
tnf.uf«n«t. 

AntIS  ifaoaratly,  ittc 

To  »,»i;«!rr  >*o(rmbio«  o*  R«m.  EaTAta. 

V,«  jr«G«v«  and  icafc*  F«BMa^  po«M««i<s» 

of  th«t  faSHewSna  daswidbaiS  prsJtsJaea,  iitnatad  in 
■- —  t«M«*y  %m  IHate  of  — ■  (/i^termtigtitm), 
wtekii  wa»  iiw«t«for«  i.;'veyad  its  ft*,  tOfathw 
wivb  nd  f^rivt'asax  and  apjttirtanancaac  tiy  C.  2), 
Ui  mor.  by  *&  iostrun>»nt  In  ^tfritiag  baan»£  daft 

thm  — "  ijjiyfff ,  astd  dely  J«««iate4  aae  «e- 

!s»M»wt6:6gt«  attd  racor**^  a»  r*3t^f**  %y  feiw.  ii* 
tSs«  oiMi««  of — -.  5a  *«Sd  sewntjc-  Staewiai  aisd 
iaWna  r,b4  *imi«  of  aniS  C  Q.  m  hto  ntwt  «r  at- 

i»  th«  ta-u*  ii»*«j5t  »f  aitrfd  eoawynww. 

— "  Id  lafte  snd  :f«eei»«  «t  ihut  &2)ariff  «*  ~'~ 

«aaQty,  or  hi*  daaut^/,  pcMaahia  ai^  wiit%  DOS' 

a«Ml«e  Of  mXliMiii  &^ittiititmtott»'«iit%Mi»fam 

IfcBrts,  t«neBa*»^»  And  httt  ^jtitamcRtK,  «ltu«t»4  *» 

- —  tttov.niy)  8^M«  of  — -,  wW**  w*r«  Sataiy  fe«- 

!i*«>j.nfi  to  C.  S.,  aaiS  wJifeJi  a«ld  ■Isiwifi'  h«s 

S5au,»«d  to  fe*  aat  off  te  as»,  by  vSsftsw  of  an  e#6*.u- 

tJftjj  So hi«n dir««4«d ,«t«.  <Sm»s aa*  ^nikntlne, «lc 

Tci  JisKBiva  *  i*ts*cv. 

— _  te  mk,  da«Ba»d  aad  raMievs  nt  >m&  tmm  %. 

X.  m*  T,  ».,  «*a«»ta»»  of  tha  tot  will  ao^S  t*#t<t- 

«»*«*  of  0.  0.,  Sitte  of  ~  — ,  dac««w«*,  tb*  mtm 

of'. — > 4«ntt<i,  tti^fwt  ami  t^otsaat  >it«aititfmis 

v/tS,  i  add  «WKi  rsMiiyt  by .  or  pojrflMMM:  to  iny  aai^ 

'  oitwovy.  t»  mtafea,  tmtuf*  mta  'iteUwb-  a  fgmvnX 

!  irs!«ea«  or  (Staebai^a  fw  m  aama  1  bMnin9>  f«»fy- 

I  Sia£,  ate. 

'      .— te)a«l;,^mA'.d«e>r!Tee«lv»:af  a«i4&!MX)tV' 

I  &}.  tits  aoKH  of—"'  ^^oR«r*.  wlhieh  0.  <!».,  S«6t  of 

I  — i  da«i<giMKM,  »y  »(#»•  Sas*  wiSi  e|id  t«e|««ia»t, 

fc«««lis«  twtinnany  «K<'  — -  Mf  »«  —,  aW  ««*'« 

mM  iMamwUi  «rQt0  ^«.tt»iMi  m*  m^imit  a«^^ 

^  d«)i'<M8^(i  a  #«wsr«S  *•»»»•»  »«»*  th«  mmittam 

\  of  a«#4  5?;  S.,  iBiskl«(s  ».  f ,, «?—-.&«  «««i««56c 

fHkK  WISH  SteW«fi  baon  #»**  pwt-,-*,  «<«S  liav«»« 

'   HKOsswtied  «r,d.  vSallvar**^  <»«  fSiwofW  W  H«3f  »»» 

j  »««f0«#,  t«  b«  by  hh:   ♦«i4«w*>4  to  »«i*  S.  »• 

j  >»|M$n  ^wysi^nt  uf  stihl,  mm  \  gtH^est  '•>^<t  graoti^ 

j  «i»*e  aijr  arts  *ste*!tt*y  fi*  j««r«*,  *B- 

;         T»  »«c*rv«  i»»5-Mri#i«i.  *!«»  |wnWM»J",  8W. 
i      — .80  «^,  (j«w{<»i»4  «ii«  ?«e«*w»  «tJ1  s(g«B  af 
I  »«a«jp  8**t»»«  »  sW  teJJnwfSidj  sMsesiwI  fmmm. 
\  wr#e»l»»  iaftwaat  a«er.*-:s4  «»*««  *<f«rt»,«»v/is 
f#Air  i^MH* if  .V»i»flw#-' ,  «.wi««Br  i«mul,iU)i»  ^ 4fSflB, 

I     AlM»  t»  mkj.,immf0  *f.i  «mi^<tK  m  ^m&«^ 
I  w!MehaH^b«-»i4«M«r«s«<ie4(S4F  if  !Mv,  <i«'l»« 


day  of  — ~  iMt.  art 
.0  p*7mfl»H  tliwcof  to  t«- 
_  canMl  Mi4  oMiSfttloe. 
>kll  not  th«B  b«  twidi  ^  lu* 
iollar*,  4li»  ^aitltjr  of  said 


i/^^ 


mr  »»)»«  llKDmwarf«iw. 
idiittt-!  for,  •«<A  rAMver  th« 
«%•  of  money  wMsk  I,  th* 
nt<tt«4  ^a  rt«o<Mr,  tofothcr 
Kf^m  itlcid•«^t  thorwto.  <Srom 
,  lay  «rb<i«»  p^IMm  «f  lAnur' 
M  n«rcli»ftdlM,  oMmoa  bji; 
*a»Dd  tt9..'.  lM«lta4  «ii(n«jS« 
)««tiytty,  M  fbliowo,  to  wit 
luul  Durfimfdit*  ««r<w  •Murri 
tp»i-mUlif},  •»  of  wiitei)  mM 
IM  b<««mo  wholly  dam«ctO 
lilp'n  iNifinc  foif«««  i^  «u«Mi 

«yiiiiMt  of  tkt  ttsfLt,  ai>  ooy 
I  K»4  Is  ms  •>•»•  to  «om 
I  to  RMii  tffMt  oay  Mtiona  at 
t  (atJd  »M«twrit«ro  er  t'(j«ir 
,  ^;  waoiwxvw  Ah*  it  may 
t^wry  att«  oMftoKiiic  f«yiii«n« 
faaaat  >.if  tfeo  •omn..  or  any 
HsUI  In  my  vamc,  to  oaacuu 

wu*})  »<t«U  datem  •KBodiant, 
•\tm»  to  airMlntifta  tiio  aav- 
lamltwhlsb  I  bttv*  oaaitot 
>v  vliiua  ^jf  Mnld  po^wa  sf 


iSSStON  ^V  R«M   ESTATB. 

t  tafe*  F«M««^  poaMjwIon 
teHba^  piramtiaM,  aitnatod  in 

Ha  ssf .  (tifetHHwtltm), 

re  i.i'vej>o4  ia ens, lift^ar 
»«>£  appurtonaiwaa,.  %  C.  2)^ 
litnt  In  vKiitiag  b«««4ji(E  data 
a:n>l  dety  js«««iti4  ae4  ac' 
»i«a^  a*  r«^«K<  by  S»w,  ip 
witf  i«WBty.  »«s«if«»f  ais(! 
wid  t.  O.  (tr  hte  «|t««tt  er  at- 

mM  cois««yniMs«. 

yjceiv*  »f  th«  ftiiariff  «f  ~'~ 
tv.  pcaueafeia  airf  ottiat  poa* 
tfiiM  tk«  foiiawiaf  daM^wad 
d  iMi  stIitninaPM,  aitWiMi  ><> 
f  — _,  yvMeit  wi»«  liktaiy  fe*- 
>,t>il  wlif^ii  aeM  ahtUrSlf  bnr: 
to  aiat  tar  vS?ttt«  of  an  eifstu- 
ste.  Oi^Msgaadi'iwntine,  *'»<:. 

:8<V*  A  iilWIiACt', 

d  and  NMtvs  ef  sag  fiMtm  )B. 

»rs  of  ^  tout  wtn  as}'^  tc«tK> 
9f  -  ~,  ^te*»mi,  ^a  tn^iix-.^ 
;  af>d  (>«;«>««;  M  i4«  ^  mii 
tptlqr.or  (ti»y«Mt^  M  my  aaiiS 
vmamt  aiut  'd^Uviu'  •  «<«t^ 
ivr  tts  a«m«  j  ti«r*l^  m»^- 

.4  aoj  fsealvb  af  »«»l  e^snt  C. 
i«»l!««»,  wS-ifih  0.  i®.,  !^»t;*  af 
«r  Stm  wpfSl  «Qd  tamt^ati 
,t,,»  — ^  4«y  ©f  —'- ,  aW  giive 
gj-tr ,  tt«<sa  j»y  iR**)dlli^  as^ 

»•»  #«,*  BMs-re"?  *'m5  Ww,«« 
ir<H<  mm  TAlMMMM  (<»  sRjf  *a<«l 

b.'-,.  4*a«<KM»^1  to  »siA  £.  S- 
m  WW  -,  |rt<»^B8'  mi  s^rautitHe 

•■•-'  •*;*  {(WW,  «fet^  ■ 

a»  wi«  j-OCOJ*«  inJJ  WSWB  at 
8«nits4  tiaif%6  *««••,  WwSt 


AGENCY. 


7f 


f«<SowtiiK  d«a(ril>ad  ataoki  atandiag  In  my  n«m«, 
ta  wit  (JkKViUnf  it). 

To  RacBivR  SH««a  or  JUtat*,  arc. 

.— ~  to  «ak,  damaad  aod  racaiva  of  and  from  A. 
D.  and  If.  It., who  wan  duly  apjpotntad  admioia- 
tritsof »  of  thfi  aatata  aod  albeta  of  O.  D. ,  deccaaad, 
{my  portion  aad  ihatv  of)  cartata  (wraoaa)  proparty 
baloofflof  to  Mild  (t«c««a«d  itk  tsia  Ilf*Mm«,  and 
whicl'i  )a  to  ba  divide  among  (lu.i  tba  hairs  of 
aald  ti.  0,i  accoidiiig  to  the  proviatons  al  tho 
Matuto  ralktiva  t<»  tha  dtctilbution  of  tha  catiiit«s 
«f  iBlaatataa.  Aad  apun  racnlpt  thsr«of  by  of 
iwymaat  ih*i*of  to  o»y  (or  my)  aald  attornay,  to 
maka,  axaauta  aed  daflvar  a  good  aad  auHteicet 
raoaipt,  raioMa  anci  diaoharg*  for  th»  ttataa; 
laaraby  ratiiying,  ate. 

To  kacmra  WAcica. 

— -  ta  «aii.  damand,  raeaiva  a«d  r«e«ips:  for  kSI 
nmi  of  aaoaay  aa  itra  how  daa,  at  may  &t  any 
ttm«  haraaflav  Wioma  d'ai  (tad  owiag  tu  mo  for 
wagao  aa  a  (A<iW'  «4«/ ). 

And  up«a  !ioti-p<ymanti  ate. 

•—  to  msik,  damaqid,  r^eaiva  and  r«ceipt  for,  ^f 
tad  itrom  alt  and  avary  pcraon  a«id  paraon*  what' 
»o«««r.  sxS!  sum*  sf  muney  wbich  now  sue  »nd 
•hail  9.t»tiytte«h«f»«ri«r  bssamedue  »esiS  osvias 
!o  me  for  waj|«ri  fratsa  (liai^  wAtm),  i.nd  atsc  »U 
ether  moitaya  nuw  dua,  «r  tw  b«com«  dua  and 
(iwitijt  M  m*  by  asy  ways,  nieaa«  or  peraena 
whatevar. 

And  upan  isea-pinritiiicnt  of  tha  aama  or  any 
psrs  ths.'vnf,  I  h$rc«y  stutiitiHi^  and  empower 
my  staid  attof  a«y  to  anforea  tlw  aama  by  a»y  aC' 
tioit  oi-  lagal  procaadlag,  la  aiy  itama  or  slHcr- 
wi(«,  n««it<Mary  w  ra^uuita  (bi  lh«  raeoi'ery  of 
Uia  nama. 

To  Salt  P^s»w/it  PawMiarr,  «»c. 

— <>  ta  aali,  ttaaaite  K«d  d'jlitrar  unte  (tita*  aidom) 
w  aay  «ti!iaii>  j«rs«B  t>r  peraeiaiii  {A<rr*  cfuKrUt  tfyg 
fffiorty  fir  gtmi^ 

ttivtai;  and  pmittSng  tn?*  saCd  attomay  full 
p4w«7  «f  «ub«tit»tion  and  t«vo<i«,tion. 

In  witRoar*,  «tc. 

To  S«.3,  Rbai  BsTATit 

— .  taeaJland  *ctt»?aytb«  r<ij;.:wiogd««ftiil(«»i 
raaf  (*«t«ta,  «lta«««d  ife  — —  county,  and  State  »f 
— -,  it»f  tha  annt  of  —  il^ihurs,  >ind  ueqn  thin  r«- 
cMptof  siaii!  aam  t«  «xseut«  and  d,«Hirar  to  the 
It-jrcbssar  rHarvffi  or  tiia  sttorasy,  a  good  and 
«»!B«Jaat  wssTSBty  d««4  fo?  tha  isamo. 
To  SBs.t  KsAi.  .EaTATB.  ssrc. 

A  pft7r«r  W>  f4ilaied  cwwew*  Is  aot  ..  jjoww  »  mort- 
»8s,  Aad  a  f«iw«  to  do  the  on«  will  not  autib^rli*  a 
•Joing  of  th*  oawF,  B«w  (rf  anyiiilaii  m.'n  li«  prechd  «cc 

•tlti'^'iriiiid.* 

—■-so  gMtst,  b«ifac«ta,  s*jl  8  J  SI  eoa»*v  th* 
i'jJiowjEg  «i»6rtJiied  pTtmltm,  xiraatad  lu  — ~ 
<»usty,  Ssad  8«wi«  of——,  ts'  wU  '■tfnteHkmg'tAim], 
or  any  ^n  tl««wof,  for  »\sch  i»rSf  «,  a»sl  oa  mxcb 
ittfa)t  m  fee  SitiM}  titrnm  pt^imT,  aa«J  in  ray  nam  a 
to  maka,  «i«ae«i«;  with  or  v«mm\tt  sov«e;<ns»  and 
<"£tra»ty,  ii8ke«oylo4(«i  «>ti^  dftttTsc  cx^i  >!><> 
si!ff»ei»ftii;  «»(i>ray9Be«o  far  thn  aairja. 

V4*  .^"WSwrfff  iWiMi  ^  tn^JMf  w^t»  frt^f  : 
And  HffifW  p«  Ml«  ib«ic««£,  i4>  ttittoa  «(«ld  I'sn;  «•»< 
l8»«  <3f  *J.»  ImM  r«ttt»  tlwt  «*o  bo  fwaearesl  for 
v!i&  3.*«i%*j  ttsmj  io  «»k.  <ii*n»ai8^,  sfbtiraia  fw,  coS- 
.acf.raseveir  «».$  <'a<4«>.v»isd!!»a!BS«fCttjoosy«>b4ch 
■>.t'^  !Nwsoj««  do*  «j»fS  ©wieut  ta  ««*,  fc>  m^tuaem  of 

•i'-'/aix  «Bi5  gmwtir-jf  ufttn  my  »aild  atK»rR«y,«te. 

Ta  SiSiA  lUici.  Estate,  »rc. 
■  ■  v)jffoa,\,  tii^fl^  stti  9oK  all  th«i  mat  »«d. 
,«r«»S  »f>Bft| ««»?»,  ci«eew^  »tt  - —  «*rtjis«y,  ni*S 

iJfjr^ritiXff  a-,,  ttV^  tfe«  i!fip^aat«J«ft«.-it»,  aft*   «!1 

'^' -n  S>»*89  «- ig*i«Ni»a,  awS  ftw  ^wai  «wiK  «w  8tt«Es 
0!  .i!ftssi«gr imr  Sm-  «a«*  asisaahMisfaaisif  ftosai($«ii«tf«»i  1  1 
t^rsuiOii.ssr  BBpa  ise^  itradit  o*  (w««I|tt#«  wy  ».«S4  1 
4Murw»^?4iw»:;\  aoiast.  fee  any  ^Ka*fc.«t«g«  aw*  I 
Sifjiftt ;  «»tf  -tmb  s«s«a  tw.' s  Of  wWr  tjt  flsiak«,i»i«s,  i 
Ki8»i!-f?fe«l[»i  «»$  daBv*'    }»  «iae  f^wK  <»f  i»w,  i 


■  w? 


,11:^;  ^  ^B^.  tj;  4  i^attafu  ? ; 


aultabla  and  proper  dead*,  xanaral  or  apaclal,  af 
warranty,  quU  ciitim.or  otharwiaa,  aa  my  aald 
attornay  shtttl  «*««im  expedient,  and  for  roa  and 
In  my  name  to  accept  and  rccalva  all  and  avary 

tha  «um  atid  dunna  af  monay  (or  cixuidcration  ur 
coa'<i'.i«rAiii>n«),  whataoevar,  which  Khali  be  coming 
to  m»  on  account  cf  «aid  aala  or  a«i««.  and  ufion 
rccKiipt  U««raaf.  in  my  name  and  ataad,  to  make, 
««sl  and  diiliver  aultabic  acyuittanea  or  aeijuit-- 
(an,;»ii. 

And    gene,  ally  giving    my  «si<l!    Bttoc?!sy  full 
«uth«}rity  and  pciveT  iouehing  the  pt«iniii«a,  to 
d-:),  exacuta  and  perform  in  all  thinga  aa  amply 
and  futiy  aa  I  wight  if  paraonally  praaant. 
To  'Atix,  Stock,  btc. 

—  to  mU,  aaaign  and  tranafar  unto  E.  F. 

sharaa  uf atock  in  tha  capital  or  joli^t  atock 

of  tha . 

And  I  hi^reby  ainpowar  my  aald  attorney  'lu 
perfotm  all  nacaaaary  acta  for  «aid  aala,  aaairiU- 
i»«ni  and  tranafar. 

lA  winiuaaa,  ate.  {Slig^iuti)  A.  8. 

To  Salt  Stock,  ittc, 

~ —  to  aali  and  tranafar  unto  any  peraons  whom- 
•novar,  end  fc;  aush  prke  as  my  aald  attornay 
a'-iall  thiol;  !^c,  ait  and  «jsy  of  the  following  atocks 
\de.'i'fiiiHg  Ike-m). 

And  als.-t  for  ma,  and  in  itny  nsmu,  to  make  and 
p»»i  all  nectssttjry  acta  of  aautlgnment,  and  to 
givs  Tuiii  r«relv«  rec«'^ts  «nd  i'^ieaaaa  for  tha 
c«>naid<iratic!t  itQcney  arising  from  the  pale  thereof. 

And  aSae  ion  nfi«,  and  in  my  name,  to  give  rO' 
caipta  fo?  «U  Itttarcat  Mid  dlvidenda  now  dua  or 
that  Khali  hsraaftarr  become  due  on  aaSu  enpital 
iitoek,  unU!  th«  sttla  and  iranafw  th«ra»f. 

In  witusii)'.  ctr:. 

To  Saw  Vis^st.,  arc. 

— —  to  ««lt,  eoQvay  and  tranafar  alt  of  o\a  a«v- 
aral  Inlwraata  in  the  ahip  S.,  whereof  A.  B<  la 
ftve-«ightha,  C.  I>.  twa-el^bth*,,  and  B.  ?,  oa»- 
atghth  ownara,  togath»r  with  her  taclsia,  boata, 
apoarcrl  and  furniture,  tiii  any  pairaon  or  pisraooa, 
Knd  for  au«h  !>tii»  sad  auttss  of  money  aa  ha  may 
deam  prop«T,to  racoiva  and  racaipt  fjr  tli»  sama, 
aad  xo  «3!««ute  aad  deiivssr  the  purchaaxr  or  putv. 
!i-h«ft«r»  ih.tM  eo(  good  aad  sufficient  biUs  of  a«]«  or 
other  coiavt-yanses  th«raof, 

(Mviag  mad  granting,  ate. 

To  Sii'iM  'W'xrTiwos,  arc. 

■— -  itf  makie,  oKscute,  aisn,  aeal  and  ileBf;er  all 
agrtsinattts,  biUa.  bondn.contracta,  convcyaccea, 
ap«ci«iitJ(}a  or  dtiher  inetruraenta,  which  ahat!  ba 
nacaaaary  to  th«  pm<per  (condutiiiijs  of  th<  r'oliowing 
!!s»ine«»,.  «r-  j'oaipkiion  of  the  foUowing  hminat*,  er 
ffiktr  T^atijtir,  i^i/yi»g  it ). 

And  ta  dc  aaa'p«>farm  alt  and  evary  act  and 
dstd  of  wh«titosv«^  nmme  or  oatvre,  legally  ap- 
pertaining  to  tha  aoaie. 

To  Sosacusna,  mtc. 
— ^-  to  safeatrlba  for  'iii«<c  wkti }. 

To  StJaSTTrteri'. 
To  »a|»aHtal«  one  or  »nor*  peraons  !!»der  Mm 
with  Jlka  power. 

WneraiUi,  mlarapragtaneatlon  haa  artaan  as  to 
tlija  aettuHil^  an*  p«««t  of  C.  D.,  of ,  to  the 

counnw  »f ,  «Bid  8*at»  of-. — ,  in  my  name  and 

teenati  w>  *«e«!Jt«  »  c«ria!r(  agre«mer/t  bstweatt 
S.  S.  cf  iSw  <tito  js«n  sad  myself  of  t^m  >tl»er 
paft;  *Bt'  whaiMjM,  ««Jd  *gre»(n«nt  tift»  h«f»  ex- 
«*.:.ited  b.it-  the  uaid  C,  0.,  a»  tay  iawfui  anornay, 
ifiv4  th?  said  e.  f'.  s-fiijp*  .-.tiveSy ; 

i'fow,  SSMw«te«,  f.',7,«*e  ps«#sot«  wi^.-iBse  -iitat  I. 

A.  ®.,  of ,  la  itir  sortKiy  ef  -  -  - ,  and  asatK  of 

,  J.«ve  ««ji»initti):ii  sttri  read  c«td  artklsa*  of 

lagrceoieot,  sr..-!  ithat  I  do  hm^  'jiy  ratlfv  ^tn^  coiq-' 
ftfts*  the  i»,n»c,«»d  sta  deeSare  that  th«  M«id  C,  !>., 
iwfi*  did,  as  (t«y  tM'Vf-j!  atwJTney,  -i^iecute  t!l«- 
B*i»a,  *M  «ft  «;!ef;otT  the  »aro<^  fey  ray  autheriity 
»»^  ¥irt»h  my  -spaaent;  and  J  do  ao,w  falty  r*Mfy 
itMt^  «M>aAr«R  »&  hte  M«t»  and  doinjm,  ic  ast^  ttrntot 
tha  MMwa,  in  ««  fiiil  a  UMxtntir  &a  fr  ;,  »ys«$r,  had 
extrctota^  id>«  ««.m>s . 

la  wltswjls  wherestf,  J  hava  hwountn  iset,  ete. 
{^  iiu  f»mf  if  «#  eamty  rnti  gutitit,  Hkgn  /his  clmm 


BBS**®*!****'' 


-^,:!Uiit!«<s!^9mmme>xsa^tJi»-»'^iii^r;musstsmcMi:iimmmsKsmmi 


AGENCY. 


.___  .   rmm»»—9mmmwm,t  f*nN. 

-  to  racalv*  and  tiiMr  at  th*  euatom  houaa 

of  tba  diatrlct  of any  (ooda  waraa  <r  mar- 

eliaodlaa  Imponad  b«  ma,  or  which  may  haro- 
alter  arrt«a,  Gonal|(a«a  to  m«  t  to  aign  ia  my  noma 


and  aaai  and  dallwar,  aa  my  act  and  daad,  any 
bend  or  bonda  wMeh  may  b«  raqntrad  by  tha  col- 
lactor  of  aafd  diatriet,  for  aaeuriog  tba  dutiaa  on 


any  aitch  gooda,  waraa  or  marchandlaa. 

Alao  to  atgn  ray  nama  to,  aaal  and  dallvor  for 
ma  and  aa  my  act  and  daad,  any  bond  or  bonda 
raquiaita  for  obtaining  tha  dabantura  on  any 
gooda,  waraa  or  mcrchaitdlaa  whan  as^ortad. 

And  ganarally  to  tranacat  aM  hoatncaa  at  aald 
cuatom  nouaa,in  which  I  am  or  may  iiieraafter  bo 
Intaraotad  or  concamad,  aa  fkitty  aa  I  could  If  par- 
aonally  praaant. 

And  I  do  haraby  daclara  that  all  booda  aignad 
and  asacutad  by  my  aatd  attorney  ahalt  ba  aw 
obUgatory  on  ma  aa  aoaa  algnad,  aaalad  and  do- 
uKvorad  by  myaalf. 

t    Tbla  power  ahalt  ramain  In  full  force  until  r» 
|%oka4  by  written  nottea  given  to  aald  coUacUr. 

In  witnaaa,  at«i. 

'=  tJmmtMm  Mmmmm  ^^>w^»  »p«rt»l  Vwra^. 

to  receive  and  enter  at  the  cuatom  houae 

|M  tha  diatrlct  of——,  any  gooda,  waraa  c>'  mer- 
|«taa»diaa,  imported  by  or  conaignad  to  me,  In  tha 

tt•M/v  "^  vtutf  If  wAici  tin  gtadt  mrt  tki^^ ) 
my  name  and  aa  my  act  and  dead,  to  aixn 

J  name  *o,  teal  and  daUver  any  bontl  or  bonda 

fulrad  by  the  collector  of  eald  diattict  for  aecur- 
[  the  dutiea  en  the  aame. 

I  ao«i  in  my  oame  and  aa  my  act  and  dead, 
to  elgtt  my  naiaa  to,  aaal  and  deHver  any  bond  or 
boBM  raquiaita  for  obtaining  tha  dobaoture  on 
•ny  of  aaul  gooda,  waraa  or  marchandlaa,  whan 
•sportad  for  ma. 

And  ganarally  to  traaaact  all  bnaineaa  at  aald 
enatamlMUoa, la  rafarenee  to  aald  gooda,  waraa 
a-td  merchaadiae  which  may  ba  raquiaita  aad 
aataaaary  la  tha  premiaao,  aa  Iblly  aa  I  c«uM  If 
nw  aoaalhjr  praaeata 

AadlBeraby  declare.  Ahat  all  bonda  algaad, 
aealed  aad  delivered  by  my  aald  attoniey  u  the 
pramlaae  ^lall  ba  aa  obligatory  on  ma  aa  theaa 
aignad,  aaal  ad  and  daUvared  by  myaalf. 

Ia  wltTMaa,  etc. 
»«tr— *ti—  ttff  ywer  ■  WtmvnA  9vnm. 

Kaow  all  men  ^y  thaae  preaenta : 

That  I,  A.  B.,  ot — ',  la  and  by  my  letter  of  at- 


g^aaaatvt 


ring  date  the day  of ,  did  maha, 

ana  appoint  A.  Y.  my  attoraay,  aa  by 

t  tetter  mora  iully  apaaarc. 
That  k.  tiM  aald  A.  R.,  do  by  theaa  praaaata  ae* 
nul,  couatufmaad,  ravoin  aad  make  void  *ald 
latter  of  attaraey  and  all  authorUgr  and  p<>war 

thar^glvaaaald  '  ■" 

la  wltaaaa,  etc. 


r  gi««a  aald  attcnMy,  A.  T. 


Koaw  all  maajby  th«ae  praaaata  t 

That  I,  A-'  ■•«  Of — ,  la  aud  by  my  tatter  of  at- 

'    irlnf  dat«tiM-~-4a]rof— -,4Mi«a%ej 

itMaaada|MoiBtA.V.,ar- — ,myMMaaa 

■wfW  attorney,  fbr  ma  and  In  myataad.-^-w 

i<Mfw4Mf)aabyaiddlattar«riamoraiMfya:HNMr. 

That  I,  the  aald  A.  B.,  hin  aaaaltadf  eooatar- 

laaded.  revobad  aad  mad*  void,  and  byiiNMo 

lala  do  aantti,  aoaiMataiaad,  roveka  aad 

jka  void  tha  aald  tetter  of  atteraajr  aAd  an 

itiiorltyand  power  thereby  gtvaa  or  tafwMad 

bo  fiwta  to  tba  aald  A.  T. 

Ia  <wtBiaa,  ate 


„^ __- J  •fWfmww'mm*.  aaksMOnlMi. 

www  aa  atea  b]  tiiaao  praaaata ! 

Tbit  I,  A. ».,  of  the  eHyof  -r-^Md  BiBta  af 

— ^did  baaaiaBworby  a  cwbda  laa*raw<Mt  lb 

writtoc.  or  tettar  «r  atteraMTbawfacdMii  Ow 

day  o* -—,  «aapo«*«r  A.  T.,  rf<l^  btn  Wy 

aa  I  ^nalf  nl^  or  *aimm  tertlHriiurpoaea 
totaada<.at«^,aadt»t>a»4wiiaiibat,iM>brw5d 

and  vatuabia  coaMfttnatwra,  lw«e  rtvckadTt*- 
MOad,  couatanuaadMI  aad  and*  v^d,  aad  Inr 
—  praMuta  m  nvoM,  (WMtt,  cottttMMMma. 


aad  to  all  Catenta  and  porpeaae  make  null,  voli] 
and  of  none  effect  the  eald  recited  Inetrumtnt  in 
writing,  or  letter  of  attorney,  and  all  tha  powtn 
and  authoritiee  therein  and  thereby  given  and 
granted,  and  all  other  matteraand  tblaia  thtrtln 
contained :  and  all  acta,  mattere  and  things  what- 
eoever,  which  ahall  or  may  be  acted,  done  or  per- 
formed by  virtue  or  meane  thereof,  In  any  mannv 
whataoever. 

And  further  know  all  man  i 

That  I, the  eald  A.  B.,de  by  these  prescnta  ap- 
point, constitute,  depute,  make,  nama  and  cut  in 
^.y  place  and  atead,B.  X.,  to  be  my  true  and  law- 
ful attorney,  for  me  and  in  my  name  and  to  my 
uae  — —  to,  etc. 

In  witneaa,  etc. 

•■baMtHttoa  af  Attoraay-mMrt  rorm. 

(For  value  racelvad)  I  hereby  appoint  ■.  B.  (Irrev. 
ocably)  kb   my  aunstltute,  with  all  the  powert 
''Vltlun(«r  above)  given  tome.     {SIgmd)     KM. 
•■batlt«tl«H  mt  A*««rN*y-«k«r«  rana. 
Tt  t*  ind»tMd  M  UU  Patatr  ff  AtHrntf. 

I  hereby  appoint  8.  B.  as  my  aubatltute  and  in 
my  ataad  to  do  and  perfbrm  every  act  and  thini 
which  I  might  or  could  do  by  virtue  of  the  within 
power  of  attorney.  (Signtd)         A.  t. 

SabaUtattoN  •£  Atteraajr— <l«Meral 
Wmwmu 
Tt  i*  iftl»rttj0u  tkt  Ptmttr  e^  Atttmtf. 
Know  aU  maa  by  theaa  preaenta : 
That  t,  A.  Y.,  of -^ — .  by  virtue  of  the  authority 
given  me  by  the  within  power  of  attoraay,  do  aub- 
atltute 8.  B. .  of ,  aa  attoraay  la  my  ataad,  to  do, 

perform  and  aaeeute  evety  aet  aad  thiag  which  1 
might  or  could  do  by  virtu*  of  tba  aald  power  o( 
attotk.  ay.  Hereby  ratlMng  all  that  my  aald  sub- 
etltnte  chaU  ar  may  do  in  the  premlaae  aad  of  the 
wltbln  power  of  attoraay. 
la  wltiia^:,  etc. 

#or  Ibna  of  AcKNorumoMaMT,  see  that  title. 

•abatltmttoH  mt  AttenMjr— Ctanaml 
rwraa. 

Kaow  all  men  by  theaa  preaenta: 

That  1,  A.  Y.,  of—,  by  virtue  of  the  authority 
and  (Mwar  to  ma  (lvaii«  la  aad  by  tha  power  of 
cttornay  of  A.  B.,  of  <— .  wiricb  la  baranate  an- 

aaaod,  ao  appoint  aad  aubatltttta  8.  B.,  of ■  to 

do,  poribnrt  and  aseeuta  avory  act  aad  thing 
wblab  Z  Inlfiht  or  couM  do,  In.liy  or  aader  th« 
aama,  aa  vrall  for  ma.  aa  being  tba  tnto  aad  law- 
ftjl  attoraay  aad  aubatltuta  of  tba  add  A.  B. 
Meraby  ratiiying  alt  ttaat  aald  attara«r  and  sub- 
•titata  ab«a  do  in  tlM  premlaa8,by  virfaa  hereof 
and  cf  aald  power  of  attorney. 

>IawltiMaa,atc. 

For  Ibrm  or  AcKNOwuMMairr,  ree  that  tide. 

BaftnMtntlMi  •f.AMwni^— CNnMral 

ronn. 

Knew  all  maa  by  tbaaa  praaanta  t 

That  A.  B.,  by  tmlattar  of  ittammr,  n  copy  of 
wtdcb  la  iMtaaatn  aanuHM.  did  mpelM  ana  cob- 
oittiMe  mo,  tilt  aadaniga'JI,  A.  T.,  bla  trtwracy 

That  I,^»mS  a.  vTbrvSHSSjSiraof,  an<l  of 
tbe  powar  of  aabttttoitloa  ia  aald  wtbtrtf  attar- 
aiey  appaariag,  dt,  anbatitnta  *M  d  WM*  8.  B. ,  of 
— :,&  IM  tta  unrhd  aad  ai^Klant  attoraey  of 
aald  A.  a.,  wHb  wn.nad  ovary  atrtbarlbr  and 

rtr»  of  aeilag  in  'Aa  aann,  musa,  (MkM.and 
tiM  naa  of  aald  A.B.,jmMUad  t»  ikalHrsaUi 
l9tt»i  of  attorn^,  wbttb  reaii.lMriWt]r  amrciat 
ana  dalMwta. 


,in4sr^,i».^tiips^  «i«»  to  ^ 

de«uto  tMMMM  af  tha  aald  *.  H.,  ar  to  nr  name 
aa  ctMriMgr  e^aaid  Ai  Bk.  la  tbo  «ar  orVjJl  A.  B-. 
by  tirtea  af  ttMHi  rroaonta,  aiid  tha  patrai  af  >ttb' 
atUnilan  In  a^laStar  of  attt-way  aaw^atead. 

fmmmW*txmBimJKa»jtwtt  laa  dutt  iSfs. 
Ah  ATTOlMir  AT  tiw  1%  Ml  olficer  M  t 
GOMit  of  Jueticc,  who  ii  «up%ed'l>f  &  party 
in  °«B  mmm  it>  fiiMMf«  the  canm  ks  hi».  In 
tht«  cetiM  he  k  alio  cabled!  adyocate,  comiselloi 
at  hnr,  bnrjrer,  and  striicHor. 


■M 


>nd  purpoMM  mall*  null,  voM 
the  aald  r«cit«d  Instrument  In 
r  •ttorncy,  and  all  th«  powtr* 
•rain  and  tharaky  givan  ind 
lar  mattara  and  talnjia  thirtin 
aeta,  mattara  and  tliingt  whit- 
I  or  asay  ka  actad,  dona  or  ptr- 
maana  tharaof ,  In  any  manner 

It  all  man  i 

k.  B., do  by  thaaa  praaanti  ap. 
aputa.maha,  nama  and  cut  In 
1,1.  X.,  to  ba  my  trua  and  law- 
a  and  in  my  nama  and  to  my 


r  Att«rm«y— AlMrt  Form. 
)  I  baraby  appatnt  S.  K.  (imv. 
•tituta,  with  all  tha  powcn 
van  to  ma.  (Sipud)  A.Y. 
r  Attoracjr— Mi«rt  Wmwm. 
'«*  M/  Powtr  ^  Alttnttf. 
■.  B.  aa  my  aubatitnta  and  In 
I  parfMm  ovary  act  add  thini 
euld  do  by  virtuo  of  tha  within 

(Sign**)  A.  1. 

•r  Ate«r««jr— «lMicral 

\»mtlu  Pwwtr^  AtU/rmy. 
t  thaaa  proaanta  s 
-: — ,  by  vlrtua  of  tha  authority 
kfcln  powor  of  attomay,  do  tub- 
.,  aa  attomay  in  my  aiaad,  to  do, 
ta  avary  net  and  aiiag  which  I 
bf  virta*  of  tha  aaid  power  of 
nitlMnc  all  that  my  aald  cub- 
y  do  in  tha  pram laai  and  of  the 
noraay. 

n*orLnio>nmr,  ee*  ilwt  title. 

w»rm. 

r  thaaa  praaanta: 
— ,  by  vlrtua  of  tha  •utborit* 
[Ivan,  la  and  by  tha  powtt  of 
»t  — ,  wMeh  la  haranato  an- 
Bad  aubatltitta  •.  S..  «f — ,  to 
aaaenta  ovary  act  and  thing 
co«M  d«i  la/hy  or  aador  the 


javaaadlaw- 

tata  of  tha  aw  A.  B. 

dl  that  aald  aitavaay  and  tub' 
tb«  pramlaaa,  hf  virraa  haraof 
of  atteraay. 

tMowunoMnrr,  rm  that  title. 
•r  AMwnMir— CtatMral 


a  -A*  aana,  plaea.  MM 
I  A.aL.n«ita«  ta  MMI 
whtth  r«iii-la«    " 


« iottwr  of^ittoranr,  a  copy  of 
naaiM.  dM  aapMM  ani  con- 
4«Hita>J.  A,  f .,  hia  attoracy 

t4  n#h  tha  fwywafti  I>b  «ani« 

S.  v!!!^Sy«irtMpiraef, and  of 
Htatlon  IM  aaid  mitrlk  anor- 
anbatitNta  iMI  dipaM  i.  K..of 
olaa  and  anttcteat  atwraa^  o{ 
uO^Md  txftnr,  auOHMtMr  and 
-•-■-^  aiMNiand 

■    aaM 
;lw 

ktiftraMd  eeBlfwa  wlMMaaaver 
01  ftvMtfAoy  «r  oMaa  to  bi 
ftlMaaMA.  Il.«ar  toaijr  aane 
I  At  ■>,  *a  tlM  imr  of  caII  A.  i., 

praaaiMB,  aa4  tna  fa#«  of  «Bb- 
ttar  of  attt-faay  cMwaiaad. 

tmifmmo»wn,  am  A*t  iii*A 

AT  ixw  H  M  otLm  t»  t 
alto  it  mofihfei'hf  a  party 
Mtaft  the  Okvu  km  M».  In 
lo  caUededTocate,  iaroseklot 
111  sdlicHcr. 


AGENCY. 


A  client  ir  one  who  employ*  and  retaSm  an 
attorney  and  counsellor  to  mai.age  or  defond  «t 
Miit  or  action,  to  which  he  ii  a  party,  or  to  ad- 
vise him  alMut  leKal  matters. 

Afftaranct  by  attomty  is  the  general  rule, 
and  appearance  without,  the  exception.*  I^. 
resaltt  from  the  nature  of  their  functiuni,  and 
of  their  duties,  as  well  to  the  court  aa  to  the 
client,  that  no  one  can,  eve|}  by  consent,  be 
the  attorney  of  hoih  (he  litigating  parties  in 
the  same  controversy.* 

When  a  party  has  Iteen  onrieved,  and  is  de- 
sirous of  obtaining  redress  ior  the  violation  of 
hit  rights,  he  should  adopt  the  best  means  to 
pot  himself  completely  in  the  right,  and  to  se- 
cure the  evidence  required  to  support  his  case. 
As  most  persons  are  ignorant  of  the  means  to 
be  adopted  to  gain  that  end,  the  party  should 
immediately  apply  to  some  attorney  to  aid  him. 
Although  a  party  may  himself  conduct  a  suit 
brought  &r  or  against  him,  yet  experience 
provKB  it  11  verv  dangerous  for  him  to  manage 
his  own  case,  whatever  may  be  his  learning  or 
quolitittt.  Ho  labors  generally  under  such  an 
excitement  that  it  wouW  be  difficult  to  behave 
with  that  temperance  and  discretion  so  n«,res- 
saiy  lo  the  proper  management  of  n  cause; 
besides,  it  is  proper  that  he  should  not  como  in 
personal  collision  with  the  opponent,  for  ihis 
would  produce  many  indiscreet  acts  which 
would  be  prejudicial  to  his  cause. 

In  the  Mlection  of  an  ottoi  ley  it  is  impor- 
tant to  leleet  not  a  mera  lawyer,  but  a  man  of 
honor  and  houetty,  having  a  knowledge  of  his 
profeuional  duties,  of  the  world,  and  beiog  a 
good  negotiator:  one  who  is  dispoaed  to  avoid 
litigation,  and,  above  all,  one  who  boa  not  any 
connection  with  the  adverse  pafty.  Ftey  him  a 
reteining  iee.  When  an  attoraey  is  thus  em- 
pIoye«tj  there  ii  an  implied  contract,  on  his 
part,  th^  he  will  use  due  dUigence  in  the 
coiifie  oT  legal  proceedings.  He  ia  bound  to 
act  with  the  moat  scnipnlous  honor,  and  to 
attend  to  the  interest  of  his  dient  only.* 

TIm  priHt^  dmtin  if  tm  aUtmty  »rt :  lo 
be  true  to  the  court  and  to  hb  client;  to  man- 
age the  business  of  hia  client  with  rare,  skill, 
and  iategiitjr;*  to  keen  hi*  client  informed  aa 
to  theatete  tof  his  btHinest}  and  to  keep  hia 
wcrats,  confided  to  bim  a*  *nch. 

An  attorney  at  law,  by  his  admission  as  sb«*, 

acqviies  rights  of  which  he  cannot  be  deprived 

'e  mere dwrttimt  of  the  coort.*    Such  an 

'     vney  need  not  prove  his  authority  to  appear 

n^ad,  fteai  the  daw  afdw  «ailie*t  racoids  o'-H« 
^  inm^  n^  to  atipaar  by  ati«ra«y,  ittponS  VStr 


»  Wfc.  jos;_f.Iteirh. !«.•-«  CJ.  J?.    iCw^' 

7  Ilarr.  ft 


Niija. .»:  ,dS.  *TM&tjK.  a.  «,•  « 

01  OB*  whn  im.  tlM!  •  46e  |9  a  eeisrt  of  t^l  cwwwwsS- 


,iM^?^'jj*Sj^,trMi 


for  any  party  in  court,  and  act  for  them  there, 
unless  his  ftuihority  be  denied,  and  some  evi. 
deuce  be  offered  tending  to  show  that  he  has 
no  suoh  authority,'    But  a  person  who  is  not 
an  attorney  at  law,  and  who  offers  to  appear  for 
another  in  court,  by  special   authority,  mutt 
prove  such  authority  if    requested.!    An  at- 
torney's implied  duty  to  use  rensonjtlile  skill, 
care,  etc.,  is  the  snme  as  thnt  of  other  penons, 
to  whose  care  and  skill  anything  is  intrusted.* 
Ho  is  not  responsible  for  a  mistake  in  a  doubt- 
ful point  of  law,'  or  of  practicc,J  nor  for  the 
fault  of  counsel  retained  by  him.*    He  iasliable 
for  disclosing  privileged  communications.*    If 
dischargrd  by  one  p>\rty,  he  may  act  for  an 
opposite  party,  provided  he  makes  no  improper 
use  of  knowledge  obtained  by  him  while  acting 
for  the  first  party.*     But  he  may  not  act  for  an 
oppoaite  party  if  discharged  by  his  first  client 
for  misconduct."    The  law  in.plies  a  contract 
on  the  pjirt  of  the  client  to  pay  hia  utforney  the 
legal  fees,  or  statute  rate  oi   compensation.* 
And  if  a  client  asserts  that  the  service*  were 
♦o  be  rendered  for  a  less  compensation,  the 
burden  rests  on  bim  to  prove  this  bargain.**   If 
a  b«lrgain  be  proved,  the  attorney  cannot  re- 
cover more  by  showing  that  his  services  were 
worth  more.<    And  even  if  he  shows  that  the 
case  was  deented,  with  good  reason,  a  desper- 
ate one,  this  will  not  sustain  his  claim  for  an 
exce<tsive  compensation,  as,  half  the  sum  re. 
covered.'     If,  during   the  suit,  an  attorney 
mak^  a  contract  with  his  client,  which  is  void 
for  champerty,  he  may  still  recover  a  proper 
compeosatiOii  for  services  rendered  before  the 
iilei^  baigain.*    Ar.  attorney  cannot  maintain 
an  action  lo.'  com^  •nsation  for  services,  merely 
by  proof  that  the  se.  ..^      ren  rendered ;  bat 
must  go  further  and  siiow  that  they  were  re- 
quoted,  or,  in  other  words,  that  he  was  re- 
tained as  ac  attorney  or  counsel.'    And  he 
cannot  recover  hb  bill  agsdast  his  :.Iient,  if  hb 
client  has  received  no  benefit  whatever  from 
his  services  by  reason  of  his  want  of  care  and 
skill.''    An  attorney  b,  in  general,  personally 
liable  on  an  agree.^ent  made  by  him,  in  kis 
own  name,  although  only  personally  concerned 
in  the  matter.^'    And  T*here  employed  in  ihe 
itsttsl  wav  to  conduct  a  suit,  he  ha«,  in  general, 
no  authority  to  enthr  into  a  compromise  with- 
out the  Mnt^on  of  his  client,  express  or  imptJorl. 
7%*    pialificaimu  raqutxite    to  enable    a 
F«non  to  practise  law  in  the  various  courts 


Iw  to  that  oftut  attoni«yinaeourt</!aw;  Mem^ui 
Ch.  1, 1 1.    f  ^Wlmt.  %.    %.^  Bt  -T.  aofc .  3  Camf. 


ad.  lu: ^^_,  .. 

•§.   »p9  Vae.  j««!  4  ^fyr.  78.   •.f'Saof.  $69.    p-l 


^-~«'   •»*>■•    npaca         Jr~  TV  e  lilltle^ 

«r!  <Mo5r.  .i9»!  f  B.  Mon.  jo- 

C  .S»j  3  B,  &  AW.  4fi  «  C.  &  P.  jof ;  ta  W.  M.  , 


13  A.  *  K.  5n:  7  Bteg.  3<^i  1* 
»?il.' 


AGENCY. 


un,  in  gmenl,  pmcribed  by  Iha  General 
StetitM  of  e»ch  Sute. 

A  rttaimtr  it  the  act  of  a  client,  by  which 
he  engages  an  attorney  or  councilor  to  manage 
a  cause,  either  by  priMecuting  it  when  he  i« 
plaintiff,  or  defending  it  when  he  in  defendant. 
Th«  retaining  fee  i*  that  given  to  coun«et  on 
being  conaulted,  to  insure  nix  fulura  Mrvicet. 

The  effiect  of  a  retainer  to  prosecute  or  de- 
fend a  suit  is  to  confer  on  the  attorney  all  th« 
powers  exercised  by  the  forms  and  usages  of 
the  courts  in  which  the  suit  is  pending.*  He 
may^N^ceive  payment;*  may  Mng  a  second 
suit,  after  being  non- suited  in  the  f^nX  for  want 
of  formal  prtMifsr  may  cao^e  i  <«vlew  of 
the  judgment  for  error;*  may  discontinue 
the  suit ;  *  may  restore  the  action  aAer  a  no! 
/>3M.,-^  may  claim  an  appeal,  and  bind  hit 
client  in  hit  name  for  the  proaecution  wf 
it ;  *  may  submit  the  suit  to  arbitration ;  '>  may 
sue  out  an  alias  execution;*  may  Waive  ob- 
jections to  evidence,  and  etitrr  'nto  a  stipula- 
tion for  the  admission  of  fiiclti,  or  conduct  of 
the  trial/ and  for  the  relcas«  of  b«il;s  m»y 
waive  the  right  of  appeal,  review,  notice,  and 
the  like,  and  confess  judgment.*  But  he  has 
no  authority  to  execute  a  diicharge  of  a  Jebtor, 
but  upon  the  actual  payment  uf  the  full 
amount  of  the  debt,'  and  that  in  money  only  ;i 
nor  to  release  sureties;*  nor  to  enter  a  rt- 
&axit;*  nor  to  act  for  the  legal  representatives 
of  hit  deceased  tlknt ; "  nor  to  release  a  wit- 
ness.* 

There  is  an  implied  contract  on  the  part  of 
an  attorney  who  has  been  retained,  that  he 
will  use  due  diligence  in  the  course  of  legal 
proceedings,  but  it  is  not  an  undertaking  to 
I  tecover  a  judgment.*  An  atcomey  is  bound  to 
act  with  the  most  scmpulons  honor;  he  ought 
to  disclose  to  hisi  client  if  he  haz  any  adverse 
retainer,  which  may  affect  his  judgment  or  his 
client's  interest;  bat  the  concealment  of  the 
fkot  do««  not  nccesaarily  im|riy  fraud.* 

ATTo»»BT>«  wwaam 


I,  A.  B.,  hmrd 


WItawaa  my  hand,  th« 


i«9#  AT  AtMntey  mt 
rab]r  t«w4t«la  AT  v.,  at* 


day  of  -■ 


•ky  authari 

'  at  law,  «•  ajhaar  to  i 


aetien.  aan,  m  Mpw  i 

•itM«,With    •VNWMWi 

r.»  trconi,  ' 

1  4  Coaa.  5-1 


h.  Dec.  Ma;  14  Pans  St.  tf;  t$  »' 


lO.   WNt,     lA  V<,  4 

s«f :  3  Md.  Cb. 


An»*lsitHt«ssf  t  Att*r  9W  «• 

r  C.  p..  of  ——.do  hereby  appoint,  aonaiitutt, 

and  mak*  A.  Y.,  feaq.,of ,  my  lawtal  and  suf- 

Relent  attorney  at  law,  aad  In  faat,  to  appear  for 
■In  actlan  ImU.  »r  Uui  procMdiKu 
Is  plalattir,  and  CTd.  dafandsni, 


mt  In  a  certain  actlan  imui 
wherain  A  ~  '      •  •     ■- 


Banding  la  Iha court  of .and  uaa  all  Uw' 

M  waya  and  meana  In  my  defaaea.aod  In  my 
nama,  iharaln,  aa  may  be  re^ulalta  and  naaeaaary 
In  tha  pramlaaa,  and  aa  ftilly  aa  IM  wara  peraon- 

wfiataMvar  my  aald  attorney  may  lawAiCy  do  In 
the  iiramlaaa.  ' 

Wltnaaa  my  hand,  ttila day  of ..A.  D. 

•  C. O. 

AMWtaaasmjt  AT  AltMfMr  •«  hmw. 

»i*-  T't'TT"'!*  naraliy  appoint,  eonatltati, 
and  mcka  A.  Y.,  of-- — ,  my  lawftel  and  auMclant 
attaroay,  In  taw  and  In  faet,  to  laatltata  fcr  m«. 
and  la  my  nama,  an  actlaa  i»r  suit,  *r  laul  bra- 

■■*-"—'  '■•— haviaf  iuriadletimiTatarnai 

■■if..,  itmUng  th»  ttmf,  tiUci. 
and  tiia  aama  conduct 


caeding).  In  ony  court 
C.  D.,  for  'er  upon,  etc  , 
matltr,  ar  thing  Im  Jii/uU),  .„.  »..  n.,aw 
to  Ulal,  Judgmant,  apd  aaecotien  la  aaapaedya 
'?.'.'>"*S.^*  ■*''  A-  Y-  raaaonaMy  can,  aadto  ua< 
all  lawhil  waya  and  maana,  la  my  name  tkeralo, 
aa  fteUy  aa  tbeuch  I  were  paraaaaify  praamit  In 
aald  cottft.  (JtjpMw;  A  B. 

A»»«»lMtM«««  t  kUmmtmr  mH  Iimv. 

I.  A.  B.,  of  — -,  do  haraby  appoiet,  coaatiluta, 
and  make  A.  Y.  my  lawful  aad  anlelaat  attwnay 
In  law,  and  la  tect,  to  appear  for  ma  la  a  ceruin 
action  (Ml,  »r  lagal  pmieaadli(«)  now  oomaMmcad 

and  pending  In  the -—  caurt  of ,  wliercin  I 

am  plalnriiTaad  C.  D.  U  daCmdant,  aad  eondnet 
the  pkoaoctttton  of  tha  aama  by  all  lawftd  wayi 
-^nd  maana.  In  my  name,  in  aa  fall  and  aMctual  a 
..annar  aa  if  I  ware  poraoaaUy  praaant  In  said 
eoort.  Haretw  eaaflrming  and  aanctloalag  what 
aaovar  my  aafd  attorney  aball  tawfUlly  da  la  tbt 

thiB day  of  — ..A  D. 


Wltaeaa  my  hand. 


A  warrant  of  attorney  is  an  iiutroment  of 
writing,  addrcaaed  to  one  or  more  attorneys 
therein  named,  authorising  them,  geaerally,  to 
appear  in  any  court,  or  some  spacifwd  ooart,  on 
behalf  of  the  person  giving  it,  and  to  CDafesn 
judgment  i.i  favor  of  some  particubv  person 
named  therein,  in  an  action  at  law.  It  imtally 
contain*  «ipulations  not  to  interpose  nny  pn>- 
ceedii^(  in  error,  or  anj-  matter  in  equity  lo  v 
!o  delay  the  parson  in  whose  fcvor  the  judg- 
ment it  simght. 

A  warrant  of  attorney  ik  given  to  tlie  cNdi- 
lor  as  a  security  i  having  It  in  bU  pas«M«ion. 
he  may  sign  judgment  and  haw  exacalidn 
iwued  without  the  fonnaiity  of  an  acden  at 
kw.«  A  warrant  of  attorney  given  to  eMfesn 
judgment  is  not  revocable,  in  pstnd,  and  not- 
witfoMmding  a  revocation,  judgment  aUff  be 
tMtered  upon  it.'  Th*  deadi  of  tlw  **to? 
however,  pnenllv  operalca  a^  an  eAwtua* 
revocation.  So,  also,  sije  dc^  of  the  vtmiCw'- 
aent  o|i«rate»  as  «  revocation,  and  where  a 
warrant  has  ba«n  aaecutad  ^  two,  it  it  vacated 


...._«• 

~-5'f-  *Wi  *  Gniaiy.  Xv 


AGENCY. 


A(«*r  mw  «•  Mmm. 


raby  apps-int,  coMtltui*, 
r— ,  my  lawftil  and  auf- 
ind  In  fMt,  to  appaar  for 

IMUI.  •r  Uul  prac«mlii>g  , 
ir,  an4  C.  D.  dafandant, 
•' of .and  uaa  all  law 

my  dafanca,  and  In  my 
•  rMuialM  and  naaaaaary 
^lUy  aa  If  I  wara  paraon- 
ourt,  Maraby  ratilVIni 
>rBay  may  lawfuCy  do  In 

la day  of >A.  D. 

C.  D. 

Atummmw  «*  tMW. 

etmrntnt*  mtHHt. 
raby  appoint,  eanultatt. 
my  lawfkU  and  auAcUnt 
ftMt,  ta  Inatltata  tor  mt, 
tlan  (fr  lull,  #r  Itfal  tiro 
ifiBf  luriadletiM,  agalnat 
iMH^  th*  tamtt,  «i/tcl. 
■),  and  tba  aama  eonduci 
aaacMion  la  aa  aaaady  a 
aaonably  aan,  mmi  to  u** 
tna,  in  my  nama  tharain, 
ira  parasMlly  praaant  In 

AMSMMT  at  l<Mr. 

raby  •ppMnt,  conaUiutt, 
W  mU  anJiaiant  a«Mrnty 
ppaar  fer  ma  in  a  carMlo 
wMlM)  now  aommaacad 

■  c«nft  of ,  wharaln  I 

id«tiiidant,aad  conduct 
aama  tn  w  lanrftd  ww* 
,  In  aa  fill  and  aflbctval  a 
iraonally  praaant  la  aaid 
Bff  and  aaaetioolaK  what- 
r  riialt  lawAiUy  do  ta  tta* 

la day  of  — -.A.  D. 

luy  is  an  instranMnt  of 
one  ur  more  ■ttoni'tys 
ling  then,  naeralljf,  tn 
Kme  spaciMd  coort,  on 
(iving  It,  and  to  coafcw 
lome  particular  pmon 
ction  at  law.  It  moalh 
ot  to  iatetpoM  my  pro- 
I'  matter  in  sqaity  bo  w 
whoic  isTor  the  judg- 

17  M  given  to  the  cndi- 
Ing  It  in  lib  poMewion, 
u  and  bav«  extstHiw 
mality  of  aa  actlaa  at 
ttomejr  gitn»  to  otAfeis 
^le,  in  genenri,  and  net- 
tiodt  jiK^meBt  mnr  be 
«.  death  of  the  MsKn 
pmtca  at  an  diwluat 
Cue  death  of  the  «MHti<^ 
^^oeatioti.  And  nrhere  a 
ited  t^  two,  it  ie  vacated 

It  1*1 


by  the  death  of  one  of  (hemt  but  »uch  war- 
rant, given  by  two.  being  merely  minuicrial. 
may  be  e.-iecutec".  In  the  name  of  the  turvivor." 
Ill  case  of  the  consiiiuenCi  death,  courts  will 
however,  allow  judgmenu  to  ()e  entered  m  of 
a  term  prior  to  the  death  of  a  constituent,*    A 
*"^"iL  **'  ""Of"*/  K>  confess  judgment  exe- 
cuted by  an  unmarried  woman  is  rcvolced  by 
her  mamaae  in  the  alwence  of  statutory  pro 
visions  to  the  contrary;  but  if  executed  by  an 
unnamed  woman  the  courts  will  allow  judtf- 
mcBt  to  be  entered  up  in  the  name  of  the  hus- 
Imnd  and  wife."    The  virtue  of  a  warrant  of 
•itomey  is  spent  by  the  entry  of  the  one  judg- 
ment;  a  Mcend  judgment  entered  upon  the 
HKme  warf^ijl  of  attorney  is  irregular.^^  .nd 
cannot  lawfallv  b«  enforewl. 

nf  Ill!Jr*-  •""!'*"y  «"«"  »>y  H»e  warrant 
Z  ^^^  '•u!T*"y  «i»«^'««'  •»<»  restricted 
by  a  bond  which  commonly  accompanies  it. 
I^!l^fi.*'*  ""  condition,  of  delfcasancr 

H^  rf"f*  '^'^  ""'''"8  ''«n-"«J'»t' 

Great  frauds  are  often  committed  under  color 

.J^  cl!r  "J*  w»nfanu  of  attorney;  in  many  of 

JSrfH**'^  *'">  •  "'««'  exercise  of  dls- 
cr«h«i  by  the  court  in  inquiring  into  them  » 

4,.  ,5'"*"','^  •ttomey  to  confess  judgment 
»ii.  Jd««U,l„  not  only  a  grant  of  iutfority 
v.-^«iMd  dtuij  and  Intelli^bly,  but  a  deshrna 
ion.  by  name  or  4e«a,pUon,of  ihTpw^  who 
«  to  execute  it.  It  m^  t-."  wbecrCTby^Je 
defendant,  bur  i,o  fonn^kty  is  ^^r^P 

Injaaattmor doBfc, 


—1  In  — — ,  In  the  lltata  of  —  or  sa  >bu  «, ha> 

Tharafora,  you,  or  any  of  you.  are  Ixr.h. 
eourta,  In  any  aul\  broufht  l>y  Hid  A.  B  hi. 
o!i?'.'id"  w«U»outlKa  laaurogofMrvieaof  Sto. 

rapraaanlatlyaa,  doaa  hereby  rllaaaa  a  Jd  w.fji 

hand  (and  •»!)  thi* day  of 


^ft,?W* 


IMLd- 


Tm«eA.B.((tf ) 

legal  wpraaanttSSS^lr"  w^  rti.S'JS!*  •' 
aauara  (itar,  w  on  accowii<f  /ito*f  •ZuA^iATTT 

fs!p»  •!s<«^r«n3ra2w^'^»."* 


laraunto  a«t  my 

77/;.; '"I'm^"!! ««y  *»>  -B~— -,  A.  D- 

(»./««„,  w.T.N.n"  (•j^i;c   6. 

•-J-  Aj).  a«alnat  aa.id  C.  0.  (hr  ~1"CZ  f '  H" 

rata*.  «r  JltU^  rd*5ir,"^r.,^2'^^**. 
«C  eaid  wo  ^at  uf  attorney.       •'^*''  •"  •*^«» 

the  sate  of  goodj.  mervhana»e  «ml  real  uroa 

«»d  of  the  buyer  foi  some  purposes*  He  IL 
a  special  property  in  thf  go^»!iHS  mav  Lin^ 
an  action  for  the  price  *  H».  h.T  .  r  '^  * 
ihoiu  for  the  ch*K  of  the  J^m  ''""  "^^ 
Mon.  end  the  .3  d„,y  .  "h^  "il^T  •'■ 
^  best  price  he  r.^/Z,  .n^l.^^S 

o«  skll;^  and  wh«e  h^^.  J""''?' 
r»«~rt-  „f        wnere  tic  sella  imods  as  tiie 

oTv^«fto"L^.*^*  <-'«r.1riiaMe  f^ 
SaTJ        to  tfc*  ««J  owoer.i   See  Auction*, 

Balkea   are    pai%ons    to  whom    lienonat 
proper^  i.  delivemi  for  some  specific  ^rZT 


M  st«urity,  and  tht 

.„,   .Rich. 

3  Ve..  ft  p.  5J, .  ^  jy^^  ,,(;  ^  ^ 


!  I  Rarr.  >«i. 


!  mm  919;  co^. »sr.- wn7':-r -"r: » 


'& 


AOKNCV. 


tik«|  iu«d  itlItT  iIm  o»>j*el  or  purpoae  oi  »uch 
delivery  i«  nccomiiliihefl,  «o  iHurn  ih«  pto^wrty 
««  •4{re<>d.     :ict  liAILHtNl^. 

Brokorn  ure  lho««  tngmtd  tot  ollMn  to 
n>«k«  «ml  conclufla  b«rg«iiu  for  thwH,  for  »  k* 
or  commiMion.  Thorn:  who  w«  engagtd  for 
•ther*  In  tin  nrgottatUm  of  contrscls  rcUtiv* 
lo  jproptfty,  the  cutiudy  of  which  !h«y  h;'.v«  no 
Co«eeni.»  There  urt  tcvcnk^  cImmh  at  broken. 
Sm  Factors,  below. 

A  broker  it  fur  many  purpuM*  ttn  ■(tnt  of 
f43ib  (wrtiM.  He  ii  (n  ih«  hm  plac*  dtMoad 
only  the  tMtni  of  bii  originai  em)>loywr,  and 
Ixfomes  (ho  agent  of  the  other  when  (be 
hargsia  or  coif^ract  h«a  been  (tefiniteb  MttM 
in  (tn  term*  between  the  princlpaiiti,* 

ExcHANci*  Bko«cx>s  negotiate  hllte  of  tn- 
change,  domcatic  at»a  foreign,  and  other  jecuril. 
lies,  m«k«  and  conclude  btrftina  for  others,  in 
NtaUe/s  of  money,  aecuritiea  and  merchtuidiac, 
leaml  the  rates  of  exch«n#«  and  ntjiify  (heir 
employen  of  (he  tame.  Tlieir  busine«i  aome- 
timet  inclttdea  tbe  purchiue  and  tale  uf  under- 
GMnrent  currency,  gold  and  ailver.  •<«  well  aa 
df«lt»  and  check*  drawn  or  parable  in  other 
citie*.  l>i»  i^  at  their  own  ri«k  and  for  their 
individual  iiiwfit,  and  is  not.  therefore,  included 
in  tbe  buKineiui  of  broketnge. 

Estchioige  and  merchandiM  broktft  aegoU< 
•tc  i!b<.*  »aie  of  merchandiae  without  haring 
IJOMcasi^n  or  control  of  It,  as  factors  or  cotn- 
mmion  merchanti  do. 

IftfsvuAncx  l&KOKKM  oc  agents,  see  .%>tJt 
Mrmicrs,  procure  iir*.  Miv.  attd  marine  infunwtce, 
and  negotiate  between  inmrers  and  tosUied. 

NoTK  BuoKXiis  negodate  the  puiduwe  and 
ttde  of  bills  df  exchange,  ii«gotiaU«  bonds  and 
promidnory  notes,  for  which  th«»  are  pdd  « 
percentage  or  c«;aimissiocs  Sijr  (h«  aeilar,  «Imm9 
aam<$  It  is  not  their  eiutnm  to  disclose,  lliere 
is  an  implied  warranty  that  what  tlwy  seU  b 
what  tltey  Tepresent  it  la  be }  «»d  shottld  «  bU), 
hon«  or  note  «dd  by  ihcm  tarn  out  to  be  a  lbr> 
gery,  they  are  ies{ransiye.  Butt  bf  slKmiag  a 
payuaent  over  to  their  principals,  or  crii^spedLi 
citcuKisbtnces  attending  ^  MnsMtioa.  <vydl 
«xoAv9«te*  them  iki  the  prandsis,  tiMy  wW  b* 
dischart^e'!.! 

Pawn  Bii«>kiws  »Mke  tt  tiitir  tMMtoesB  to 
tend  moaey  wpon  jimjjtrty  deposited  with  then 
in  ple!%«,  at  if^nriota  rates  of  iMeeett,  befaig 
licenAeti  therefor,  and  exMiptad  b%m  the  ojpe- 
ration  of  usijfy  ia»3.    See  BaiuSkNTI  »  Paww 

JiKUKKKS. 

Rkal  Kbtatk  BftOKEAs  or  ogeiMi  MgettiM 
the  pimStaaeaud  saleoTnMl  cMiM,  pra»wh«iM 
!».%  9no«  t(M«  i«(.tt%.  coUwit  mmAmm  iMMM* 
and  la»t4s,  dimw  tmwfmaiim,  end  Anniiai  i^ 
rtmctsol'tSdetopTOpes^.  SeeCOMVlViUKliRi. 

^m*  BkcKsw)  negotiate  Ae  imwpImki  6»di 
tak  iif  ahSps  PsA  Siting  vii«db.  like 
o»;t«r  bedtet!-  tiev  iweJw  a  i^ereenu^^  or 
commission  from  the  adiW  or  frei|^t«r. 

Stock  BuoKMiS  are  ifo  « empKyed  i^  htg 
snd  sell  rimtvs  ot  stock,  whether  of  the  pnl^ 


iunds,  (»f  banks  or  other  cwponilont.     In  ih« 
tai^er  citie«  rt«Rl«  Itrukert  are  asauciatad  lo 

Cw  under  a  vori^trate  nwmt,  as  "  Board  of 
««s,"  ••  Merc!<anta"  Esisfcange,"  •' Boor-I 
of  Trade,"  and  tiie  like,  'these  imoctsliom 
are  jjoverned  bj-  rules  and  reguiaiionn  made  by 
theniMtWet,  to  whicr>  eacit  (nember  is  sttt^eci. 
M«mberahi)>  is  procured  by  ballot  or  rote.  A 
member  dcfsulimg  In  fc.is  ubligation^  ii  tx 
pelled  and  forr«l(ib!i  Mat.  A  reguliir  tegistbi 
or  record  of  all  the  tra,j3)*ci!*m)i  of  tbe  body  in 
k«^  by  w  officer  of  tbe  wtocbtimn.  Qnw. 
tioos  and  .ii»^uie»  between  menihern  Are  aettiwi 
by  an  artritraiion  ;;oinmit.se.  The  stocks  dealt 
in  at  the  ti*«Miloni  of  the  board  are  those  ptaried 
on  the  list  by  a  regular  vote  of  the  asMcWion, 
aAer  lbs  iMme  has  been  eumined  into  i»y  « 
committee  for  that,  purpose.  The  oAdal  re- 
cord «<f  sales  is  the  best  evidence  of  the  price 
of  «ny  itock  jn  a  particular  day.^ 

mmmummv  w%mtm, 

Aai  Owies  «•  Majr  (enr  WmU)  MsmIi, 

Date  —«s 


P.,  K.  and  %.,  Btoch  Srakwa. 
Phms  (tiuy  *r  ••!)}  fer  my  (tfr  ourj  aw 
'^'^SKL**'  «•"•*»»•)  shareediWur 


This  order  good  uaiu  eeuatermaeded 


aeceant  and 
Ik0  ) 


A,  B. 


Wfrnttrnf*  AeMirtiM  fr  MWHajr  M>»  aw— |i. 
9  — «  Date  — •, 

K«eetir«4  or  A.  B. deUers,  far at  mm 

'— Bieeh. 

Ta  iM  ttaasAwtsd  to  — -.  B. ,  R.  and  B. 

■iWllMP^  WtsMCMMSl  •r  Ae«MW(,  eg*. 

Date  —>-. 


,  •  ta,aco  iw 
•S  <» 


B., K.  and  S.,  a»eck  BreliMra,  ets. 

ih»ij«ht  hni  A.  B. : 

100  tkMTM  New  Vorti  Ctmrai  ill.  R..  u| 

"         Pcnn.iiylvAn!aR.  R,,  ufia, 

CeuisiiHkin,  m^,  -    - 

Heeeived  payment.  t4,aas  a* 

B.,  R,  Mid  •, 

Cairkira  an  those  who  nnderuke  to  carry 
fH^petty  cr  |r«i«ei^<ei«  ftom  one  place  to  an- 
other.   See  ,9AiUiBHTs. 

Ctolte  an  essistuts  in  a  shop  or  store,  who 
•dl  goods,  kora  accoants,  etc ;  those  who  ate 
eawMgwd  in  the  use  of  the  pen  in  an  office, 
POdUc  or  private,  in  fcesping  rtoords  and  ac- 
(KMHMa.  A  d«9k  is  always  a  sebonlinate.  He 
diieta  fratn  a  'factor  in  Ma,  that  the  hoer 
wkolfy  sappUn  tke  p>aee  ef  Mr  priocfaMl  in 
resDMt  to  ttie  property  coasignod  to  Wn,rwMte 
a  deik  attends  to  only  a  part  of  the  borimm, 
iriiik  hit  empioyer  siqparistends  (be  wknle. 

OoRsiip^  are  (he  peiaom  to  wlMm  goods 
m  other  oings  are  delfeeMd  ia  Inat,  far  sole 
or  nipetintdKisEice }  called  also  foetors.  Tlw 
30«ds  cr  prop^ty  sent  ia  callod  the  mmim- 
ment. 

When  t^«  ijfioAt  (;<irti%ied  to  them  kv  tMr 
own,  sftd  th^  iwve  been  ordeced  to  be  i«st, 
dsey  we  »t  liis  (Mt  tko  Metesat  tke  inn^n 
ment  is  m^,  accortfbif  to  tiw  coptigme's 
dir«cttcfi{  and  Um  imstbom  emj^wd  in  Ifeeir 
trai»ni»iion  art)  lib  sgenls."  wlwirilM  fdods 
am  not  the  <»aaignce's,  if  Ym  occiq^  |1m  (mb* 

am.  n.  tMf,   MM  Mwsns,  Ag.  ^ 


AOENCV. 


:r  cotporadoni!,  In  ih« 
ken  ofc  wtucUtmi  Im 
ID  !»«nt,  M  "  tNwrd  of 
i"  E««sl;«ng«,"  "Boar.1 
le,  fhrav  MMoctAlloni 
ndi  rttgukiJoiM  iMd«  by 
tcSt  member  b  itt(ij«ci 
I  Of  ballot  or  vim*.    A 

k>U  itblifalfons  it  ex 
(•>.  A  regular  wgiiici 
tsactioni  of  th«  body  h 
be  tuHoci/NtUtn.  ()%.*% 
Hsn  m«n^b«ir»  Are  Mttlixl 
it:oe.     The  ttocin  (i««li 

board  ar«  thoM  placati 
vo«e  of  the  aMoclMion, 
!n  «iui»«ined  into  liy  a 
rpow.  The  official  re- 
t  «vl<lep««  of  (he  price 
:tilar  ijlajr.* 

r  (M  flmii)  MMk. 

Oat*  — .-^ 
ay  ((w  ouri  aeta«iat  aad 

»uat«Tinaad«4. 

A.M. 
r  ■»W9jr  Ai»  •••ek. 

daUara,  for a(.ariw 


•••TA 


B.,R.  aadt. 
Data  —». 


i>lt«ra,atc. 

li  in.  R.,ait*o,  . 


B>,  R,  iMiid  tk 

'ho  ondertake  to  cany 

ftont  one  place  to  an- 

ia  a  shop  or  store,  who 
a,  oic.  t  thoae  who  an 
'  tha  pen  in  aoi  oficc, 
nping  Ttoordi  and  ac- 
lya  a  aabcnlimte.  He 
a  ftiii,  that  Ike  hiter 
ce  ef  Mf  pttecteal  fat 
•niigiMd  toWm/wMIe 
a  pait  oT  tlM  IwaiMm, 
rinteitda  the  wink. 
WMoa  10  wtMWR  gomto 
vend  ht  tmat,  lor  aale 
led  also  fiwtaia.  Tbe 
k  alUd  tlie 


pMdtotiMaianiaMir 
a  o(da*«d  to  be  ami, 


If  to  tiMi  cvuigtmf* 
IM  maiafH  fai  %i^ 
iH."  Wlmrtiwcaodi 
if  he  accqpC  ^  am. 


Ve  ia  boand  to  minue  the  inalnictiona 


nf  the  '..^rtaigiior  i  aj,  if  the  giKxi*  be  coiMl»ned 
«l>on  coodllion  that  he  will  accept  the  con 
i.gnor's  billa  when  drawn  upoi.  him  he  ii  bound 
10  «cc*pt  Ibem  when  (iresentol,*  or  If  he  is  di- 
rected to  insure  he  mu»t  .to  «o,« 

Factora  or  Coininiaaion  Marchanta*  are 
i^fcu  employed  to  lell  g.KKi.  «r  rnerchandiw 
cimnlgnad  or  delivered  to  them,  i.y  or  for  their 
armcipaU  for  a  compenMti'tn  commonly  called 
fictorafe  or  coaimlui<i<i.« 
k^***"  J^  f"'  /c<:*"penies    the    ship. 


__ — '.■•^■•uaiiiva      lllF      snip, 

IK  a  cargo  aboard,  and  it  ii  con«i(iiicd  to 
mm  for  sale,  and  he  is  to  p«rrhase  a  return 


cargo  <Mt  or  the  proceeds,  nuch  agent  is  prop- 
j-rlycalW  a  factor;  he  ia,  however,  usually 
known  by  the  name  of  a  »ti|)ercarg.>.'  A  fac- 
tor diflrn  from  a  broker  in  aoine  important 
|«rticulai^  yis.,  He  may  buy  and  sell  for  hia 
jxtmcipal  in  his  own  name  as  well  as  in  the 
r,u»m  or  hla  principal;    on  the  contrary.  . 


bioker    -^iag  aa  such  ahonld  biy  wd  «U  in 
of  Us  principal*    Again,  a  factor  is 

Vltift  tkA  M^x......: 


the 


in!rust»4  Willi  the  powession,  management,  dia- 
posal,  and  oontiol  of  the  goods  IS  be  bo^ht 

on  thtni  the  broker,  ott  the  contrary,  has 

ususUy  M  sMk  pomesion,  management,  con- 

'"'\'1J^^!^  "^  *•  «««ls,  WST  any  other 
•petial  piopeity  or  Uen.*  ' 

A  domidfl  ftctor  or  conunissioa  nerahant 
his  prindpd.    By  the  nsages  of  trade,  or  in- 

fW  *■  *•  «««««»y  bwrfneea  of  buying 
csl  cn^lMlweMi  the  principal  and  the  agent 


snd  thM  mim^h^^^JZr^  CZ  **^^ 
.■.°.!"?-'ry°'  "^  "J«»  »*« »  wh«i  •  por. 


dei^  {  awl  ia  tjaae  ot  a  sale  the  bmar  i«  •«. 

.ponslbbtath  10  the  facSr  aSTpSIpi  ^ 

te  .SSSTiT^S:/  ^  •"•p««S»ptir«a" 

*^^  "t  '*~'  ^  «tdusi»e  cwdit" 

A  lomga  fcelor  or  oommisaion  merchant  is 

Pnncipd.    F<wlgn<MtonawheMp«wLw 
i..ble  opM aU  eoBliacl.  made  by  theif^ 
SeteV"*^*^  i«criS themaelmto 
™S2l''u'!r'?"*-    I«««»«ca.«the 

SJ'^JiSS*.*'***    B«««hprmmptkmmay 
be  reUjjid  hf  proof  of  ».cJ^J^^^ 

m  hi!  fMitln.*    Ho  la  ba«ad  to  obey  iSi  in- 

sar-/  Stoiy 


—  Jt  Am.  i«3.    *>.]Aaa««s  & 
'w'^f*.  ias^»j«.  ..i4» :  a  B.  It  A 


Hiructions;*  but  when  he  has  none  he  may  and 
ought  to  act  according  to  the  general  uaagesof 
trade  y-to  sell  for  cash  when  that  is  uaual,  or 
to  give  credit  on  tales  r  ,n  that  it  customary. 
He  is  bound  to  r>mder  a  just  account  to  hto 
principal,  and  to  jrjay  him  the  moneys  he  may 
receive  from  him.  '  ' 

He  has  the  ii<^ht  to  sell  goods  in  hit  own 
name}  and  whe-i  untrammeled  l.y  instruction. 
»>e  may  sell  th-sn  at  such  times,  and  for  such 
prices,  as,  in  tKe  exercise  of  a  iuat  diacr*tion» 
fce  may  think  t>e»t  for  his  employer.'     He  is! 
for  many  purpose*,  between  himself  and  thli? 
persona,  to  he  consideied  as  the  owner  of  the 
goods.     He  may,  therefore,  recover  the  price 
of  the  goods  sold  by  him  in  his  own  name 
and,  consequently,  he  may  receive  paym«nt 
and  give  receipts,  and  discharge  the  deUor 
unlcM,  indeed,  r.otice  has  been  given  by  the 
principal  to  the  debtor  not  to  pay.     He  has  a 
Hen  on  the  goods  for  advances  made  by  him 
and  for  his  commissions.     He  bas  no  right  to 
barter  the  goods  of  his  principal,  nor  to  pledge 
them  for  the  purpose  of  raUing  money  fer 
himseir,  or  to  secure  a  debt  he  tr%y  owe;*  but 
he  may  pledge  them  for  advar.ces  made  to  his 
principal,  or  for  the  purpose  of  raising  money 
lor  him,  or  in  order  to  re'mbuise  himself  to 
the  amount  of  his  own  lier^.*    Another  excep- 
tion to  the  rule  that  a  factor  cannot  pledge  the 
goods  of  his  piincipal  Im,  that  he  may  raise 
money  by  pledging  the  goods  for  the  payment 
of  duties,  or  any  othev  charge  or  puipMe  al- 
lowed or  justified  by  ihe  usagea  of  trade!* 

«  Is  a  general  rule  that  when  property  re- 
mitted by  the  principal,  or  acquired  from  him 
by  his  order,  is  found  distinguishable  in  the 
hands  of  the  factor  or  merchant,  capable  of 
beina;  tnuet^  by  a  clear  and  connected  chain 
of  Identity,  in  no  case  the  link  of  it  degenen- 
ting  frmn  a  specific  trust  imo  a  generdi  debt. 
Ae  creditors  of  the  factor  who  has  beco«3 
oeakrupt  have  no  right  to  the  specific  property.* 
even  when  It  U  money  in  the  crediton'  hands  • 
hjtt  «M»^rid«s  of  third  peiwn,  deaUng  ij, 
y»«r  with  the  factor  or  commission  merchant  as 
a  pnndpal,  where  the  name  of  the  principal  is 
sunk  ratMy,  are  to  be  protected.'    See  Gm- 

Forwardiiif  Muchuita  are  those  who  re. 
CMve  and  forward  goods,  taking  upon  them- 
selm  die  expenses  of  the  transportation,  for 
which  he  receives  a  compensation.  He  haa 
no  concern  in  tb«  c^ts  or  vessels  in  which  they 

J  Mats.  (^  i,.  440- J  jqIibb.  na ;  oae  3  Dmio 


»|-^   •<»g«»m»-L.4i»T»8tr.  iifc^jtii; 
ft  S.  i0^   «.■  Bmr.  ti«9;  Jv;a.  Oi  "Z-  l  TR 

S:<M'  ^*'^I*&i  •  RdTM  7i/y: a2i 


AOtWCY. 


ultKtn  uf  mtrehanl  thlp*;  captain* 

dtuen  uf  tb«  Unttad  Htmm  ;•  a  iteillMr  rtqtlir*- 
iMiU  ckIm>  til  M<Mt  maiiiianc  ttalat.  Is  ion'.< 
eottfitrica  ttiair  (|u«lifica(Hin«  and  akill  mv"  be 
■t(««lci!  hv  en^minalliin  by  pn>|ier  utHmnuttj 
in  ibc  Untied  Hla(e«  thn  i  ivll  lW|>uiliibl1iiy  M 
ika  ow  nan  fw  thctr  acts  k  dacitnM  nrfMaal. 

A  vraael  utitiiiK  wMhout  a  c«Miii>«<ait  maMar 
'•  daemtd  n  ■mm worthy,  and  (ha  <  «rn««  ate 
table  fur  aii>  l<xt*  uf  car|[u  tvhlch  m»y  <mcWi 
but  cannot  recover  cm  a  policy  of  tnsuranM  In 
cai>«  of  dita<iter>  Th«  master  is  lalectad  by 
lh«  nwnen,  and.  In  caac  of  Itii  <e«th  or  diaa- 
bilily  during  the  vityaga,  th«  ttt  ta  i  i<'c««dt. 
If  be  aUo  diet  in  a  foreign  country,  iii«  con 
•Ignca  of  th«  vetMJ,  air  the  conaul  of  the 
■ation,  may,  in  can*  of  neccaiity  and  in  tha 
abaancc  of  other  authority,  appoint  a  maatcr. 
The  matter  himielf  may,  in  ttmilar  drcam- 
Manzaa  of  necetnity  and  distance  from  tha 
ownars,  appoint  i>  subatitute.'  Daring  tha 
tamporary  absence  of  tha  maater  the  mate  «uc- 

C«tda,'      SfC   C'HAItnt   PAMTIU,  CONTSACTR, 

Maiitimb  Law. 

Partners.  It  may  be  stated,  at  a  general 
principle  which  govern*  ail  pattnerthipa  in 
^Mfr,  that  each  individiitl  piulnrr  cunttltutCK 
the  others  hi*  a^tnts  foi '  uc  purpose  of  entering 
Into  all  eootractf  for  him  within  the  scope  of 
the  partnersbtp  concern,  and,  consequently, 
that  he  is  liable  to  the  performance  of  all  such 
contmcts  in  the  aanat  manner  as  if  entered  into 
petaonally  tiy  himself.*  In  Iruth,  the  law  of 
puttiMnhip  is  a  branch  of  the  law  of  principal 
•ad  agent.  If  two  agree  that  they  should  carry 
oa  a  trade  and  share  the  profiu  uf  it.  each  is  u 
principal  and  each  w  an  afent  t  <  the  other, 
«nd  each  is  bound  by  the  otBer'^  contracts  in 
•carrying  on  the  trade  es  much  a*  a  single 
jprindpal  would  be  by  the  act  of  mi  agent  who 
waa  to  give  the  whole  of  the  pronu  to  hi*  em- 
ployer.   See  Partnkmmip. 

Priacipnla  are  thotc  wtto,  being  legally 
eanpetent  to  do  any  act  for  their  own 
'  bogtefit,  CT  on  their  «wn  acoonnt,  confide*  it  to 
another  peiaon  to  do  it  for  them.>  The  w.rd 
principal  is  used  in  oppoaition  to  ■C>i>(>  •»<>  '" 
this  (cnae  it  aimifies  tBcmt  the  prind|ial  ia  the 
prime  mover.  It  is  abo  tued  in  Of^iaiitioR  to 
tbe  word  saretv;  thai  we  sajr,  the  ptac^  i* 
aMwenble  before  the  snivty. 

EverYoiw  of  full  age,  and  no*  odMrviae  dis- 
abled, to  capable  of  bebig  a  prindpali  for  it  is 
a  rule  that  whenever  a  peteon  hu  power,  as 
owner,  or  in  bit  mm  lint,  tc  do  a  thing,  be 
may  do  it  by  aaotber.*  Infiuit*  are  genen^y 
incapable  of  appointiRK  an  agent;  but  etider 

w-i  U.  S.  9m,  at  L.  aly.  %*i  How.  »,  *s  i  4  Cew. 
Harit.  i:  j»7:  a  Suaut.  C.  C. aa6:  ij  Pat.  UN.  i-« 


|Ijl7:  a  Swaa 


Raita. 


*.  i>.  lMrod.:ltanr  *».  I  ai.  IbOm.  I^K.  ^• 


lal  elrvtaaBMaecea  they  na>y  waJM  hkIi 
iti  .lOtaNMnn.  I'V  tnataace,  a^  wImm  may 
au^KHiae  m»t\m  i*  4e  Mqr ««  whMil  \t  h^n- 
I'l-  A  to  bim.  '>iit  not  to  do  an  act  wMdi  i, 
til  pr«t«idir<"  Idlols,  lunatlua,  aad  '  «-.  p«^ 
a«)i;>  not  l«t{«i:y  com|wtf  ,  are  wImiI  y  im-sp- 
«|»!.  at  sisik^'niiiig  sii      >_eflt,» 

1M>       Li»»il.(na»    'i^T'***"'  'Ton- 
ORbMr      bim  aU  Ma  adtmncai,  c«r«'         '"(t 
!jii»*k.t^«mci>i     tawftilly    tanmi    at 
;•■      ' ,  an,         '  to  |iay  Inm  Imaii'iit  iii 

II       n«bune«cni  ,i«v«  >i 

,  •<  pr-'tumed  tu  Iteve  Uttm  ••-  j-  'I 
><j  1>(  ilui  '<)  the  aifeiMt.a  t  To  p»  mi 
hj»  commttaio"  i*  agreed  Bpoft.  or  accurilmt' 
to  (he  tttege  <»  t  .-adau  eacept  m  •  aae*  ui  graiui 
tou*  agency.*  j.  To  Indaanify  the  agani 
wbeii  Titbottt  m  Kwn  defanit,  I.  ""  '». 
laineit      imagea  In     'Howing  tbe  direct  i 

hit  pr  ()      Pw         nipie,  when  the  .f;«n( 

haul  •ol''  t)oda  of  a  thin!  <«rvm 

undei  ihr  '  aatht)r»»y  «»f  hK  prtu 

pal,   and    ,.  person    recover*    daaii> 

against  the  ,.  )ha  Utter  will  be  entiileii 

rcimi    »"  >tH  the  priH>«lpal.' 

—  fm'mm.     Tne  prindpif   is 

bound  to  .  1  the  engagements  madi«  bv 
the  agent  Tor  or  in  the  name  of  the  principal, 
and  which  come  within  the  scope  of  hia  usual 
employment,  although  the  agent  ia  Ibe  particu 
lor  instance  haa  ii>  fact  exceeded  or  violated 
hid  private  Inatructious.*  And  where  aa  ex- 
dtiatve  credit  is  not  given  to  the  agent,  th» 
principal  is  liable  to  third  peraoaa  upoe  con- 
tracts made  by  his  agent  witbia  die  soopc  of 
his  authority,  allhou|^  the  agent  oeatractt  In 
hi<i  own  nana  and  doea  not  diadeae  bia  agency.' 
Hut  if  tbe  principal  and  agent  are  bodi  bnown, 
and  cxdnsive  credit  be  given  to  the  kitcr,  the 
princlMl  will  not  be  liable  Ihongb  tbe  agent 
should  subsequemly  beconM  inaolveat.* 

Where  money  is  paid  by  a  thlcd  pacacn  to 
the  agent  by  miatake,  or  upon  a  ooauderation 
that  ba*  failed,  the  principal  wUl  be  liable  to 
repay  it,  although  he  aiay  never  have  leoeivcd 
it  frmn  hia  agent.* 

A  pindpal  is  affected  by  notice  to  bis  agent 
respiting  any  matter  diniitctly  within  the 
scope  of  his  agencv,  wban  the  aetloe  is  given 
before  the  traniaction  bcgbu,  or  beCire  h  i*  to 
far  completed  as  to  render  the  liotiee  wMjatoty.* 
The  notice  to  the  agent  mav  be  impUedf  i»  well 
as  espreast  hmtmMi*  obtdned  by  tbe  agent  in 
the  coune  of  OuU  wry  tnmttutim  fa  aoHce. 
Notice  to  a  servant  of  the  principal,  or  oaa  em- 
ployed by  the  priadpal,  affects  tbe  priaeipal 
only  wbcn  given  about  the  veijr  thtef  the  ser- 
vitnt  ia  eospioyed  to  du.    Notiae  to  a  OMMn- 

only  when  made  to  «a  oOcer, 

•t^    a»««ary  Af-  I  <^    ytawy  Aff. 
Mi  Patty  Ac.iafcme>    Vftory 


Hi.-a*anrAc.l«.   fMS(MtCMua.M9HM||:« 
«».t6:  jhinr.ili>4;rCew.m:  saOUe.sy;  la 


Pat. 


tton  lands' it 

;S.e9!  mMm 


^M%Ys\!A 


Ai.|S»;»Mat.(%a.)art.  •« 

,  Wash,  c  BTntjWtonr  A«.  | Mt.  iidd. Iw.  y- 


|l4i  tCh.<:!aa.wiaAk.>t». 


A<        iCf, 


th«y  mmf  wtka  mkIi 

tny  trf  vfeMll  il  bcn<- 

>  do  ftB  act  wM(i\     ,  ig 

limMlMt,  aad  c  H*r  pti< 

«r«  who!  ,  ini-«p- 

4tgfmi$  «it     I .  To  rt- 

'      IB-' 

him 
MHit'-         ,.acy«r 

toiw««  fc    _    ,     ._ 

ih4  VpMi.  or  Mconiiiiii: 
Ma|Nte«iMi<tl  |tp«ui 

iMMMify    ^"    •(••" 

ti   ikfaalt,  I'       "  ■""« 

uwing  Um  dircii 

mpta,  when  tkc     ./«m 
•  lods  of  •  thii''    «T-.<in 

*olh«ri«y  of  bi         > 
■on    recair«r«    (lain 
itler  will  b«  eotiUo 
c  firiNi«ijp«l.' 
MM.     Tilt  prindf-    IS 

"MPS"***'*'*  ''*'"^''  '7 
9  naiic  of  Ui«  principal, 
I  ih«  loopt  of  bb  tMual 
th*  tgent  !■  tiM  pMticu 
ct  excecdad  or  vtohUeil 
I.*    And  wImm«  m  *x- 

£ven  to  Um  itgnitith^ 
Ird  pMMMM  HpOG  con- 
i>n(  wUUa  tiie  Mopc  of 
I  the  agent  oMrtracU  In 
I  not  dhicl«M  bia  agency.' 
1  agent  are  bodi  Inown, 
I  givaa  to  the  httcr,  the 
liable  tboogh  the  agent 
icame  hiaMveat* 
id  by  a  thicd  pencn  to 
or  upon  a  coaalderation 
incipal  will  to  Uahle  to 
nay  never  hnn  leoeived 

td  by  natice  to  Ma  agent 
r  distinctly  within  the 
rhen  the  notice  ■  given 
bcgiM,  or  bebre  h  isio 
der  the  notiee  niwatory.* 
it  mar  be  tanpliea  m>  well 
obtained  by  the  agent  in 
ry  tnmMMtkit  k  Mfdce. 
Ute  principal,  or  om  en- 
wl,  affecta  tto  priaeipal 
t  the  vera  tUng  Ute  Kr- 
lu.  Notioe  to  a  eornra- 
hen  made  to  m  oncer, 
i>ory4g.f.,»«iyy^. 
»ja..»»«t  WJ  *^  *«ti2: 


\?:mm 


reUiion  to  the  corporetion 
au*    >riiy  lo  act  for  the  cor- 
iciilar  mailer  In  regard  lu 
""♦"Wl  'lit  IwBct'la  given.' 

— .  lUMiti4t  ftr  mmlawful  •'  m,fmgptl  attt 
tf  m/mti.  The  prini:i|>«l  i»  n<>(,  In  gci  ml, 
iMMe  to  a  criminal  fu<iM«cuil<Mt  for  th«  acta  or 
mltdreda  of  hi*  igeni,  ■inl"*  •  ha«  ttirtboriaad 
or  ci>  operated  in  luch  at  <  iiiiod*'     He 

(^  however,  civilly  IUW«  \><  -I  p<^  «  far 
the  mItioaBance,   negligence.    >ii    <A^\  > 

liuiy  of  bli  agent  In  the  roiiee  hi 
ulthtMigh  he  dkt  not  auihoiii'     ^ ' 
iniicondttct,  «•«  even  althouub  i 
And  he  i«  liable  for  th«  injurae  •  '>f 

tubagenti  who  «re  retained  by  ">a, 

cither  rKi>reM  or  implied.*     Bui  ipun*!' 

ttiliiy  of  the  (trindpal   for  the  nee  or 

unlawful  a«<li  of  hit  ogent  U  lii<  to  catee 

lirouerly  within  the  tcope  of  the  tt^ncj, 

A  principal  il  not  tiattle  for  the  wilful  nets 
of  hill  agent  whereby  itamage  ii  occasioned  to 
another,  unlet*  hn  originally  commanded,  or 
iubee<)uently  ataented  to  the  act.* 

A  principal  it  liable  for  the  fraud  or  mitcun- 
tluct  of  hit  agent,  to  far,  i^tt  on  the  one  hand 
he  cannot  take  any  benrtit  from  any  nii^repre- 
lentation  fhiudulently  made  liy  hta  agent,  al- 
though the  principal  wat  ignorant  and  inntjcent 
of  the  frbud;*  and  on  the  cjither  hand,  if  a 
uerty  dealing  with  an  agent  tuffer  from  tuch 
fraud,  the  yitinci|i«l  ia  bqpind  lo  make  him  com- 
peneation  tor  the  iniurv  to  ttulained  ;*  and  thii, 
allhoogh  the  principal  be  innix  «nl,*  provided 
the  agent  actrr)  in  the  matter  at  hit  agent,  and 
diatinctly  within  the  line  of  buainen  inlruated 
to  him.' 

— ->  tk  tMttracU  madt  ttUhomI  mmtitnimg 
tk«  msm*  *f  tk*  pHntifml,  the  principal  may 
avail  faimaelf  of  the  agreanent;  for  the  coii- 
tmol  will  to  treated  aa  that  of  ik«  principal  aa 
well  aa  of  tto  agent.  If,  however,  the  pereon 
wltb  whom  tto  contract  was  made  was  h«mtt 
JUt  dealt  with  the  agent  m  owner,  to  will  to 
entiried  to  set  off  en^  I  aim  to  may  tove 
against  tto  agent  in  orer  to  the  denund  of 
tto  principal }  and  |>rincipal's  right  to  en- 

force contracts  eu  di  into  by  his  egent  is 
affccted  bv  every  species  of  firaiid,  mis- 
repreteatation,  or  conceslment  of  tto  wnt 
which  would  defeat  it  if  proceeding  froaa  Sim' 
self.* 

— —  IVkm  gtodt  mrt  imtnuttd  t»  tm  vmi 
fkr  m  $fMi/it  purpati,  a  dclivcfy  by  Mm  for  a 
diflerent  purpose,  or  in.a  manner  not  authorised 
by  the  commiMion,  paaaea  no  pi<op«ity  ia  them 

X't  C.  8.  i<i  19  Vi.  4n>-4*s:  4  Palii,  1117:  1  MiU 

SM.  L.  fp,  ti :  •*  Vi.  lie.  tt| :  •SB  ft  J^^j 

Ai.  I'MtseWcad.  tali  aiPlok.  tj ;  malm.  ek*.  •• 
lalf.  fi W.  lao;  t  T.  K.  it:  a Stta.  iilgt  at  Vt-  lae: 
•  a.  £  r.  ^  •  C.  It  r.  «6t  >  Hiu3'7:  >  How. 
•les.l  %*r..e«»;  J^«  ■•*•  eliU  Ciaiph,  ij4l> 


Ac- 9* 


atvil  they  may,  ttorefme,  he  retlalmed  hy  tlw 
owner* 

dtttor  m»t  I*  f*y  mtmtr  t»  Iht  %m/,  umIwm  ito 
agent  hat  a  iiUi«Hor  right  fhmt  a  ll*«i  «r  «lhe^ 
wMe,  (he  amotini  of  a>^  payw*««i  afHrwaid 
laade  m>  the  agent  may  Iw  revoveied  Iqf  tto 
|Kincipal  from  in«  drtit.w." 

llon«^y  paid  by  an  agent  may  abu  be  letttv- 

"  lis  the  (iHncl|ial  wndvr  any  tuf  th»  rulkiw 
Inn  drcumtiancet  1  1 .  Where  iKt  caMtlrferatlwa 
lalli.  •.  Where  m»i«ey  i«  paid  by  *h  ngvttt 
(hrmtgh  mitlakc.  j.  WhcTV  money  li  illrgelly 
etiotted  fhim  an  agent  In  the  courteof  b4»vm- 
|>lo]rment.  4.  Where  the  money  of  the  j>«(t«%t 
)mI  bat  been  fr»udulcnily  apfflled  by  the  agent 
to  an  illegal  nn<1  prohiltircd  |MiqMiae.' 

Kloii  m  0f  «i/leM  ttulf  e  nrnttm^f  m*tk  tf 
an  itgtni  In  conlracit  liy  deed  no  parly  c 
have  a  right  of  action  under  (hem  but  the  |<afty 
whote  name  it  to  them  ;*  Ym\  in  (he  cate  vX  a 
timple  contract  an  um1lMl>w«d  iwinri|)«'  mav 
khow  that  the  apimrent  partv  wa«  ni*  agviH,  and 
may  |4it  himtcll  In  the  piece  of  hi*  agent  4' 
l>ut  not  to  as  lo  affect  inl«rltmily  (he  right*  ol 
(he  olher  peny."  When  the  name  t<i  tto 
pincinal  it  di«claee<l  at  the  time  >  ?  the  contract 
it  made  by  the  agent,  the  former  it  the  proper 
party  to  tue  upon  the  contract 

Agamst  lAiril  ftrmtt.     In  renemi,  tto 

principal,  at  ajf»init  tnirti  jwrtonn,  hat  a  right 
to  all  the  adv  >  ntaget  and  hrnrtHt  of  the  acta 
and  cuntracti  of  hit  agent,  and  ia  entitled  lu 
the  tame  remcdiea  againrt  tuch  third  |ier«o«a 
in  respect  to  tcch  acta  and  contractt  at  if  they 
wer»  mtde  or  done  wit'ii  him  per«onally,e  Rttt 
to  this  rule  theie  arc  the  following  eaceftimwt 

I.  When  the  intirument  t*  under  ital,  and  il 
hat  been  exclutively  mt«<ie  bctweM  tto  agent 
and  f  H«  third  prrton ;  at,  for  cxBm)>)e,  a  <amh 
ter  paHy  or  bottomry  bond  made  to  (he  matter 
of  a  ahip  in  the  course  of  hia  eMpfoyMeM.  In 
this  cate  the  principal  ixnnot  sne  or  to  ined  on  it.* 

a  When  an  exclntlve  credit  hi  given  t«  and 
by  tto  agent,  and  itorefoie  tto  principal  tannvM 
to  contideicd  in  any  manner  a  party  ttt  tto 
contract,  althoucb  be  nuiv  tov«  awtoriitd  it 
and  he  entitled  to  all  the  toneHls  arMng  ftom 
it.  The  cate  of  a  foreign  Victor  bvying  or  tell  < 
log  good*  is  an  example  of  ihia  kind.  Me  ta 
treated,  as  between  himacif  and  tto  oltor  paity. 
aa  the  sole  contraGt(Mr,  and  tto  iml  pHncipi^ 
cannot  sne  01  to  saed  oa  tto  contract.  Thi*  la 
a  general  rale  of  commerdal  law,  Atandtd 
apoB  tto  known  aaaga  of  tt  adt,  and  H  ia  tlrict)[y 


JS 


SltrilS;  )M.*W.jMt  »rr.*M 


e.lHt 
e  Keaf 


SSaSriM  I  ee  W«ad.  «•  > }  IIW  <H  T)  nl»^ 


•s:  eCaami  fari'tSew.  tli,  H 
)Sy.    il>f  Balk,  lay;  t  L.  Rav.  141!.  _. 
:faB.ftg«fitigaa^Wi4R^ 


? T.  k,  am !  $  ll.1'A4  At  t 
K  Men.  m:  i«  ■I. ft 


'AU 


watdTtlti  1  nSa C. Cats t  % ^mwHC. 


u:V; 


dme^ 


AOINCV. 


•ith«rfld  to  fur  lh«  Mkftix  mMI  convoakiii!*  ol 

J  WMn  tha  Mant  Hm  •  Itcn  or  cUiii\  U(iMn 
ill*  pn>f>«rtv  l)uu|(hi  'K  (old,  ur  u|wn  lU  prii 
t:n<l«.  which  U  «t(u«l  la  or  *■••«<!■  ih«  amuunl 
nl  lU  vaitw,  lh«  jiri«tij«l  cwinot  lut  wuJmm«i 
llM  ca«Mtit  of  th«  •gant'i 

f«l  f0t  mmy  l*rt  or  in;uf*  ilon*  to  kU  prtn)«rty 
>ir  rtght*  In  lh«  coun*  ul  iha  •fancy.  I*  tMxii 
ih«  aLK«nl  Md  third  (Mmon  h»v«  bean  |«(Umiu 
th*  l<»rt  or  Injury,  ll.«y  Ufa  )olnilyMweU  m  mv- 
wralty  llahia  to  th*  priix  i(mI,  and  ha  tiMiy  mmin 
uin  an  action  ugalntt  both  or  cjt>i«i  of  ibem.' 

7W  rifkh  »md  p<mtTt  of  primdfuh  «ri»« 
tvm  obllgiktion*  dua  to  tb«ni  by  their  aganU 
Of  Ihlrtl  (MrtiM. 

Thoa*  In  raUtion  ic  th«ir  tganU  n%  i 

I.  To  call  ihMB  to  an  •'■-count  at  all  iln«« 
in  ralalion  to  the  buatn'^jM  ot  'li«  agancv.* 

•.  Whan  ih*  •£«"'  violates  hU  obllgaliunn 
to  hU  pr*  icI[mI,  eltliftt  <f  aicaeding  hit  author 
ity,  orV/  |>aailiya  mlnconduct,  cr  by  mare  ncg- 
llganca  or  omiiM'ona  in  the  diacbargc  cf  the 
kinctlona  of  hi*  anancy,  ur  in  any  othar  man- 
nar,  and  any  l<7aa  or  d»-<«ge  falla  on  hii  |>rlnci- 

S^,  tha  laltar  will  h«  antitleii  lu  full  indemnity  * 
itt  t*    *aaa  or  damn^e  muit  be  actual,  and  not 
maralf  prolMblt  or  puaaible.* 

1.  VVttar*  both  the  princit^l  and  agent  nuy 
maintain  a  ciit  againat  a  i  id  penon  for  any 
inatlar  relating  to  tha  agency,  the  principal  haa 
•  right  to  aupertcdn  the  ann*  by  »uing  in  hia 
own  nama  t  and  he  may  by  hia  tt^n  intervention 
mtercepi,  tuapend,  or  aatlnguUh  the  rtgttt  of 
the  agent  under  the  contract.*  But  an  e«c«p- 
tion  to  Ihla  rult  uria«B  in  lavor  of  the  agent 
to  the  axtant  of  any  lien  or  othar  Intereat  or 
•uparior  riglU  ha  may  have  In  tha  profMirty.* 

AtHmu  mnimfi  •g*'***  f  dtUrmint  tkt  right 
tf  a  frimt^l.  Wnera  money  la  paid  to  one 
••  agant,  to  which  another  a*  princip.^'  haa 
color  of  right,  the  right  of  tkt  (windM!  can 
not  be  triad  In  an  actioa  brought  by  the  party 
paying  the  money,  againat  tha  agent  aa  for 
moitay  had  and  received  t^  the  aa«  of  auch 
party  (  but  auch  action  khould  ba  brought 
againat  tha  principal.*  For  a  party  who  deala 
with  an  agant  (acting  aa  auch,  and  within  tha 
tcopa  of  nu  authorit/)  haa,  in  general,  no  right 
to  laparate  him  fhxn  hia  principal,  and  Mid 
him  liable  in  hit  penooal  ca|iBci^.  Tha  agmit 
■bwea  an  account  of  hia  actiooa  to  hb  princliMl, 
and  that  he  mAy  be  able  to  reader  that  acocvnt, 
the  law,  except  under  ipccUl  circumatantMa, 
refnsea  to  impoaa  upon  Urn  a  duty  to  any  third 

ftoslM  ar«  paraooi  deputod  or  lubaUtuled 
to  act  for  other*  or  to  rtpreaent  tham.  A  proxy 
it  the  agency  of  another  who  acta  aatMintitMta 

.L.M!  t%tim.lmt 
»«  Boa».  laat.  ••.,  •■!  Umm.  M.  i^iMm  Ag. ». 


for  hla  prtneipali  appearance  of  fepaaen'j 
•!«•)  agency  M  a  tuhaiituie.  Iti«  »i><itMiiMiia 
maul  by  wiMch  >  penxm  i»  a|4><>«niad  to  la  at.!. 
the  ri|ihr  ul  vutmg  ai  an  atedtMi  «(  an  in 
(•»|ut»t^  ir;m|Mny  i»  ifit  a  general  right,  ttid 
the  ^r'.y  lUiming  it  mutt  ihuw  a  tpecial 
aulhority  Uti  \\\x>.  |)urp<we. 


A  thlp'a  Huaband  i»  an  agent  appoiniad 
r  the  uwnai  of  a  thip,  and  invaMad  with 
•uthurtty  tu  make  rvpaim  and  attend  to  tha 


management  ami  uthai  imiceru  of  the  ihip. 
He  it  the  i(eneitt  aKvni  of  the  owner*  of  the 
ihip,  and  may  be  ii|i|miiiiI«iI  orally  or  In  writing. 
Iff  !«  uttullv,  but  ttui  necetaarily,  owner  of  the 
thii> '     Hea  MAtlTlME  l^W. 

■uparcargo**  me  jwitonn  ipecially  em- 
ploycA  by  the  ownert  of  cwrgtiea  to  take  charge 
uf  and  tell  to  the  beat  advantage  merchamiiK 
which  hat  been  tLipp«d,  and  to  purcMaw  r« 
turning  cargoet  and  iTieive  fraighi  •«  ih«y 
may  be  authorited.  A  i>upercargo  It  tik  ..flicer 
or  perttMi  in  a  merchant*  thip  wh<)t<<  butinet* 
It  it  manage  the  lalet  and  iu|>eiint«nd  all  tha 
commercial  toncernt  uf  the  voyage. 

Su|)ercargi>et  have  complete  <:ontrul  uvef  the 
cargo  an>l  cverythiki^  which  immediately  con 
ceint  ii,  uiilett  their  autboritv  it  oither  CKpeatly 
or  Impliedly  rctlrained.*  Under  certain  cir- 
cumtUncet  tliey  are  retpontible  for  the  cargo.* 
A  «u|ien.-»rgtv  hat  no  power  to  interfere  with 
th4  eovurnment  of  the  thip.* 

Wnr«houa«inen  are  tboaa  who  reoeive 
goodt  and  inerchattdiM  to  be  atored  in  (hair 
warehoviie,  fur  hire.     See  BAU.MKN-n. 

Whnrftnfftr*  ara  •boaa  wht.  own  or  keep  a 
wharf  for  the  purpoae  of  receiving  and  thip^ 
ping  merchandlae  to  and  from  it,  for  hire.  Sm 
Bailmrnti. 

iUcn»vn*l4MI.  See  CaiMiHAL  Law  ;  PuMMMk 
Aiilfa— r.  Saa  CatMtKAi.  Law  i  ruumiM 
am^99.  Sea  Ahimaui. 
Ajmnaiw*.  SaaAoaiacTt  CoimAcrii  Imink 

ANCa. 

tM  Mb4  CmbAmH.  Saa  CaiMWAL  Law. 
ii  lac  MUTAhntUNff.  Ha*  CMMiKAt  Law. 
Air.  See  llaAt  raovaarv. 
Alto  ■■■efBln,  1^  PLBAitimi. 
AlMW.  Saa  PaAcrKa. 
AflM.  Saa  SywaNca  i  PnAcnca, 
AliiMn.  SaaCmaMii  BnaitTi  PaaaowAt  RaM 

'  w  See  CoHvaTAMcaa. 
7%  Sea  ZvrATaa  i  Mmmcal  Law. 
'.  leethvoaca. 
BeaBytnavca. 
I.  SaaPi.SAMim. 
I.  Baa  Cmaan. 

«a  iMTCBHATIWr-^.  %*■*• 

Sea  MAamM/'  i^-v. 

Baa  RaAl.  ''.-i-m^nr. 


Moni. 


IRBAI. 


rmkumtn. 


f'Awwa. 

Alt«a«aMa.  See  CoimAC 
AltvnMM.  Set  IwraxMATMHAi.  Law. 

B.  •; :  a  WttkJC.  C.  a%\  i Ttimi.  as;,  tut  <  MaaH 
II  A.  k  k.  M«^Wr/iMt*>«ll|  k^aHL  i|*i  I M, 

M.   j^1|aat|lt.   •^HaMiiS2tMiOid.akJ.» 
•-t  FMliwai,  m,  M;  >  laiiia|  rtif  Or.  Ctm.  4M. 


ti(  rtMHRU' 
I.  It  i«  t.ifi  IM  HWlrU' 
»  «|)|"Hni«(l  M  W  tit. 
Ml   KlcclUiH  9t  M  in' 

<  •  ||«ii«r«l  right,  «ii4 
lUM    ahtjw    ft  i|Mciftl 

U  ftll  ftMIII  tpfMiliiud 
I,  ami  inv«M«id  wiik 
•%  Mid  ftlMnd  (u  th« 
Liiiictnift  ul  lb«  »hip, 

ul'  Ik*  uwn«n  of  iha 
•I  iifftll*  or  In  wriling, 

eaMnly,  uwiMr  at  lb« 

AW. 

viioixt  tiMciaUjr  «•' 
:iir||n«t  (i,  lftk«  cbMgt 
Ivftnlkge  mcri'k«n<liM 

and  to  purcuwu  rt 
:«tvt  fraight  w  ilioy 
jjMircargMl*  »i\  officer 
I  thip  whoar  bumntiM 
id  M|i«Hnl«nii  ail  lb« 
ih«  voyaga. 
i(>l«i«  cunlnil  uver  tba 
ich  imnacdiMcljr  con 
>riiv  U  oilhcr  cxmaaaly 
Und«r   certain  eir- 
umtible  for  iht  cargo.* 
war  to  intcrfara  with 
lp.» 

tboaa  wlio  ratwivt 
to  b«  atored  In  Cliair 
t  Baiimknti. 
M  who  own  or  keep  a 
r  racciring  and  Uilp- 
(nm  it,  for  hire.    Saa 


IMIMAL  LaW)   •-■.■«« 

lAJL  Law  i  f  UUMMO 

icf  I  CoMraActa;  lHii» 

•  CaniniAi.  Law. 

0,  S««  Cmimmal  Law. 

kaAOINO. 

BAcnca, 

MMVi  PiMOMAt  maiu*. 


raai  MaMCAtLAW, 
k 

L 

tma, 

M. 

m^fM.  l*w. 

■'i-'.-'WlWi  r. 

uc 

TtOHAi-LAW. 


Taaai.  a)7,  ■< 


.■at  I 


1^:  to 


I  J&coM' Muiiliaa  Unr, 
aa-iu;  aaa  i  OQi.  •!. » 
iiiqr-MrOr.<^M.«N. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


id. 


I.I 


11.25 


1.0   !^Kfl  Kg 

•MUu 

lU    11.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  ST^EiT 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(71«)  872-4503 


<^  ifrWli 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Histoncal  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


C> 


3kv. 


mi 


ANIMALS. 


m 


Allanuillve.  Sc«  Contracts. 
AMbMMMldor.  S«c  Intirn4tiohalLaw. 
AMtolaal(|r.  Sm  CiiNHTKUCTiON ;  Conthactj. 
AMMMtorjr.  Sc«  Wilu. 
Ani«a«kl«.  See  Ckiminal  Law. 
AM«M4aiC<it.  S«e  Ligislatioh;  Practici. 
Ameada.  Sw  Tuhth 

AM«r««MMat.  S«e  Chimimal  Law  :  Pkactics. 
AMidMkI*  Aetton.  Sm  Pkactici. 
AmlCNM  CNrlW.  Her  Pmacticb. 
AMMWity.  Sm  Uovkknmcntal  Law. 
AM*il*«.  Sm  CoaroRATioMt;  RRALPHonRTV. 
AaiMNHt  C*v«r«4l.  Sm  ImvaAica. 
AM«aat  mt  Lmm.  Sm  ImviiAMca. 
AaalMry.  SMABOVMnwr:  Practicb. 
AaecSMv.  Sm  Dricbnt :  Prrhihai,  Rbla-ion*. 
AaHwM  H»WM.  Sm  Horn* :  Rbal  pRornTV. 
A«Cl«Nt  f'Icllto.  SmLiohts;  Rral  pRonuTV. 
Aa«l«a*  ■•■•.  Sm  LAifBLORD  amo  TiMAinr! 

RlNT. 

Aaetoat  IKTrtUmgrn.  Sm  WRiTiMoa. 
ANIMAUk  Sm  Plbadiho;   PRAcnca;   Psor- 

UTY,  BTC.  ;  SALB*  ;  Wi>RRAKTY,  BTC. 

Animals  are  all  animated  beings  endowed 
with  the  power  of  voluntary  mouon,  except 
those  of  tbe  hunuin  specie*.  They  are  either 
domestic  or  wild,  base  or  valuable. 

There  are  animals  which,  though  domestic 
and  reclaimed,  ire  not  such  that,  at  common 
Isw,  a  larceny  may  be  committed  of  them,  by 
reason  of  the  baseneu  of  their  nature.  Of  this 
class  are  dogs  and  caU ;  and  otheis,  though 
wild  by  nature  lUid  Nclaimed  by  art  and  Indus- 
17,  as  bean,  foxes,  ttptt,  monkeys,  ferrets  and 
(he  like,  fall  within  dus  dan.*  A  larceny  cm- 
DOt  be  oonimitted  on  the  youne  of  these  animals 
h  the  nest,  kennel,  or  den.*^  The  owner  of 
the  land  has,  however,  a  qualified  property  in 
ftem  b^  reason  of  their  hel(deuness.*  To  be 
the  subject  of  a  larceny  under  the  statutes  the 
animal  must  be  tbe  pn^peitv  of  anotber  and  of 
value.  Animab  of  a  valuaible  nature  are  those 
capable  of  being  a  qualified  prqieity,  such  as 
cattle,  poultry,  and  the  like.    But  see  below. 

Agiatrjr  is  the  taking  and  feeding  of  an- 
other's  cattle  in  the  pwlic  commons  or  upon 
one's  own  laiMl,  for  oompensadon.  Those  who 
pursue  thie  occupatioa  aiv  called  agisters. 
They  most  not  put  more  cattle  upon  a  ocxomon 
or  {Mature  than  thehobage  will  tutain  or  than 
they  have  a  right  to  do$<  if  they  do  they  ate 
liable  in  dainages>  Ther  ai«  not,  like  inn- 
keepers, boond  to  take  all  bonct  (or  cattle) 
offered  to  them;  but  are  not  liaUe  for  ^ny  in- 
jnry  done  to  siKh  aaimah  ia  thdr  care,  unless 
they  have  been  Junilty  of  aegligeace,  or  from 
their  ignorance  n^g^^ienee  may  be  infen«d.' 
Agisters  of  cattle  have  no  liea^  in  die  abaenoe 
of  ft  statute  Allowing  it* 

Beuta  are  any  fonr-feotcd  aniaiili  which 
nay  be  used  for  food,  labor  or  sport,  disdn- 
guished  from  birds,  fish,  etc.  Beasts  of  die  chatae 
and  beasts  ^d>e  forest  are  all  dioae  wild  animals 
which  it  is  lawful  to  hunt  ^  among  which  beride 
others  may  be  included  the  bear,  wolf,  fbx,  etc.' 

»Co.  3d  Imt.  no:  tHakPI.  Cr.  tn^u;  t  Hawk. 

.'..^'■327^i'"'-^°'"'"-*3<i  •Zatt.PLOr.AiA:  nt 

iWm».^«iirf^t*,B.«.    4i.Co.»d.  lBit.io»:  iRuM. 

3  Stunw.  Bl.  CoRiai.  s» ;   i  Roll.  Abr.  399.    Ih*  13. 
•3«B.    l-Hak.M7.  J-Oo.  Car.  tji.    ll^PtrB.Sl. 

Sharaw.  Bi.  Comai,j|^    M-aBtmi.  546:  13 Mh*.  333; 
M  lost.  a.  a,  Hi  !*>(•  4>,  a«S,«i   7ibhBa.  16:  an. 


Beea,  while  unreclaimed,  are  bv  nature  wild 
animala.*  Those  which  take  up  their  abode  in 
a  tree  belong  to  the  owner  of  the  soil,  if  unre- 
claimed, but  if  reclaimed  and  identified  they 
belong  to  their  former  owner.*  If  a  awarm 
haa  flown  from  the  hive  of  A.  they  are  hh  so 
long  as  they  are  in  sight,  and  may  easily  be 
taken,  otherwise  they  l>cconie  the  property  of 
the  first  occupant.*  Merely  fording  a  tree  on 
the  land  of  another,  containing  a  swarm  of 
lieea,  and  marking  it,  doea  not  vest  the  property 
of  the  bees  in  the  finder.'  They  do  not  be- 
come private  property  until  actually  hived.< 

Cettle,  in  common  usage,  signifies  only 
beasu  of  the  bovine  genus,  as  oxen,  bulls, 
cows  and  their  young.  In  laws  respecting  do- 
mestic beasts,  horses,  sheep,  mules,  asse.i  and 
awine  are  generally  distinguished  from  cattle. 
Where,  however,  a  law  gives  damages  for  a 
trespass  by  eatt/e  breaking  into  an  enclosure, 
this  will  include  horses,  etc. 

Cows  are  animals  of  the  bovine  i^cies  that 
have  had  a  calf,'  and  under  penal  statutes  which 
mention  both  cows  and  heifers  an  improper 
naming  of  the  one  for  the  oiher,  in  an  indict- 
ment, would  be  fatal.' 

Cniel^  to  animals  is  in  manv  cases  an  in- 
dictable offence,  and  punishable  by  fine,  im- 
prisonment, or  both.  The  character  of  the 
acts  which  constitute  cruelty  is  in  general 
specified  by  the  statute  defining  the  offence  and 
MCKribing  the  punishment,  See  Gkneial 
Statutes. 

Doga  are  animals  of  a  domestic  nature. 

The  owner  of  a  dog  has  such  property  in 
him  that  he  may  mrintain  an  action  for  an  in- 
jury to  him,  or  to  recover  him  when  unlawfully 
iaken  away  and  kept  by  another.* 

Dogs,  if  dangerous  animals,  may  lawfully  be 
killed  when  their  ferocity  is  known  to  tneir 
owner,  or  in  self-defence,*  but  a  person  attacked 
cannot  lawfully  return  to  kill  the  animal  in  re- 
venge. When  a  dog  is  bitten  by  a  rabid  animal 
it  may  be  ktwfuUy  killed  by  any  one." 

When,  in  consequence  of  his  vicious  pro- 
pensides,  a  dog  becomes  a  common  nuisance, 
the  owner  may  be  indicted;  and  where  one 
commits  an  injui^,  if  the  owner  had  knowl- 
edge of  his  mischievous  propensity,  he  b  liable 
for  the  injury.* 

'  A  man  hu  a  right  jo  keep  a  dog  to  guard 
his  premises,  but  not  to  put  him  at  the  entrance 
of  his  house,  because  a  person  coming  there  on 
lawful  business  may  be  injured  by  him,  and 
th»,  though  there  inay  be  another  entrance  to 
the  house.*  But  if  a  dog  is  chained,  and  a 
visitor  so  incautiously  go  near  him  thai  he  is 
bitten,  he  has  uo  ripit  of  action  against  die 


Comm.  m.    Sl-is  Wand.  5«o ;  sm  i  Cow.  a43 ;  a  Dev. 
ifo,    •-iDat.  3, 1, 14. '«-'—   -^     ^  »_.. 


■jjduim.  16.    ei-lBst.  a,  1. 14 ; 
PI.Cr.«i6:  I  Lweh  Cr.  Caa. 


3  Bimiejr,  S46.    a^*  Eaa».  PI.  Cr.  ii6 , 

105.    e-i  Met.  (Moaa.)  MS.    (-10  Johna.  36; 
311.    a-is  Id.  31a.    y-B.  N.  P.  77:  a  Sir.  1 
Raym.  tio;  i  a.  ftAld.0to;  4  0unp.  198 


;  40 
Addi) 


13  Id. 
TLd. 
ip-««a: 


I'-'i: 


•     I  ■ 
t 


4C0W.  3Si;  6S.  &:%.  36;  Addi«.a>s:  i  III.  «»;  17 
Wand.  496:  a3  Id.  m4;  4  Dar.  ft  B.  xi6:m  Cuah.  309. 
W-4 C. « P. a97 :  Am.  I.    X>3 Sbarwa.  Bl. Coaaaa.  k 54. 


■>  «i..,«».yi.,fj.,|^^^ 


mm 


!»«««*»»***' 


i 


ANIMALS. 


Dovct  nre  aittm  i'^  of  n  wild  natura.  They 
tn  t\*o  called  pigeon*.  L>uv«»  are  not  the 
iabi«cl  of  larceny  unlew  they  are  in  the  own- 
er'a  cuttody,  •■,  lor  example,  in'a  dove  house  i 
or  in  the  neat  and  IHbre  they  can  fly.  or  other- 
wiae  in  thtt  actual  ^inHeMion  of  another.'  So 
tito  where  thev  are  reclaimed  and  tame,  and 
return  lo  their  nou»e  or  l>ox.» 

Bstray  animali  are  thoite  whoac  owner  it 
unknown.'  Any  t>e«t,  not  wild,  found  on 
one'n  premiiea,  and  not  owned  liy  the  occupant. 

I'roceedingx  in  the  taliint;  up  of  stray  ani- 
Mals  are  ex  part^  (one-sided— by  talcer  up), 
and  governed  by  the  general  statutes. 

A  party  who  wishes  to  detain  property  as  an 
estray  must  show  an  exact  compliance  with  the 
aw  Oh  the  subject  of  taking  up  estrays,  both 
on  his  own  part  and  that  of  the  officer  befcre 
whpm  the  appraisement  wan  m.ide.*  He  must 
perform  all  those  acts  which  the  law  require* 
lo  be  performed,  in  order  to  vest  the  pnMetty 
of  the  itrmy  in  him,'  and  that  such  acts  have 
been  performed  must  affirmatively,  and  in  de- 
tail, appear  on  the  record.* 

If  a  man  find*  stray  caitle  in  bis  field,  he  is 
not  bound  to  impound  or  retain  them  for  the 
owner,  birt  nMy  drive  them  off  into  the  high- 
way without  being  liable  for  a  coBversion.' 
liut  a  person  wiio  chaaet  a  horse  out  of  his 
field  with  a  large,  fierce  4og,  oenmit*  an  un- 
lawful act,  and  la  Uablfl  lor  any  injuiy  which 
the  act  occasion.* 

A  perwn  whp  take*  an  estray  to  keep  for  the 
owner,  bat  doe*  not  paitne  th«  conne  pre- 
scribed by  *tata:e,  i*  nM  liable  to  an  actiori, 
unles*  he  use*  the  *tny^  orrtfnae*  to  delivev  it 
on  demand.'  Riding  a  hone  to  dlaoover  the 
owner  is  not  use/*   SeeGiHMuaSTATtnBS. 

Pith  are  animal*  of  a  wild  natore.  No  one 
ha*  any  property  iii«thens  nntil  thfty  are  cap- 
tured t  and,  like  other  wiM  animal*.,  if  having 
been  Uken  thev  eecape  nad  regaia  their  liiv 
tfty,  the  captor  lose*  his  property  in  them.  A 
person  has  no  right  to  fish  in  the  waten  of  an- 
o^er,  and  acquire*  no  propr/tf  in  dw  fish 
.  caaght  eitcept  t>y  the  owner**  oonsenL  See 
FISHBEV;  Ri^L'PaoPEifnf, 

0«K«  i*  bird*  and  beasti  of  a  wild  natare, 
obtaiaed  I7  fowling  koA  banting.*  Laws  r^- 
nladng  the  killing  or  taking  of  md*  and  ben*u 
areialoKain  thedSiitreat  Sut«*  and  nuiy  be  oon- 
ndted  hf  reCereneo  to  the  Gimbkal  STATirm. 

Hotw*  an  aniaal*  of  a  deoMitic  nature 
^  the  age  of  tea?  «tan  and  apvaid*;'  under 
•fee  age  of  four  yean  thejr  are  oded  colt*.' 
'Vim  word  hone  i*  naed  a*  a  generic  naaae  fisr 
41  animal*  of  the  hone  kind.* 

BoKRowiNO  readen the Luimwa^Kable lor 
negligence,  misose,  ^roa*  want  of  skill  it|  n*«t 


and  fraud.  The  tender  is  liable  in  cast-  ihr 
thing  lent  it  until  ur  dangerous,  and  (IicccIa 
occasions  injury ;  as,  if  the  owner  of  s  horst, 
knowing  it  to  be  viciouH  and  unmansgealile, 
lends  it  to  one  ignorant  of  its  bad  qualities 
concealing  them  from  him,  and  by  reason 
thereof  the  rider  is  thrown  from  it  and  injure(l.< 
The  animal  should  be  used  only  for  the  pur|HM«. 
and  to  the  extent  stipulated.  A  burrowed 
horse  cannot  be  used  by  a  servant.*  An<i  one 
borrowing  a  horse  for  a  week  to  go  to  Button, 
keeping  hin;»  a  month,  or  goes  to  Albany,  i>  re- 
sponilble  for  any  accident  to  the  horse  in  hit 
journey  to  Albany  or  after  expiration  of  the 
week.'  When  no  time  is  fixed  a  reasonable  < 
ti/ne  for  the  purpose  intended  will  be  prenamcd. 
During  the  loan  the  borrower  must  care  fur  and 

Provide  the  horse  with  food,  drink  and  shelter.^ 
f  from  exhaustion  hd  refuses  hi*  food  be  sliould 
be  cared  for  and  unworked  until  restored.  If 
he  die*  from  disease,'  or  is  killed  by  inevitable 
accident,  or  the  like,  th«i  borrower  is  not  liable. 
When  the  purpose  of  the  loan  is  accompliihed 
or  the  time  thereof  ia  elapaed,  he  ahonld  be  re- 
turned to  hi*  owner.  A  miuoer  of  the  animal 
will  pat  an  etid  to  loan.'  See  "  Hiring,"  below, 
Dxracrs  that  are  ptUtnt,  that  is,  which  are 
manifiMt«  open  and  plain  to  an  ordinary  ob- 
server (a*  a  hor*e  minii*  an  eye  or  tail),  and 
thoee  al*o  which  are  known  to  the  buyer,  are 
not  osttsUy  covered  by  a  general  warranty' 
TIm  fonner  require*  no  ckill  to  ditoever  them, 
and  the  latter  may  be  obierted  to  or  aoquieactd 
in  at  the  time  of  purchaae.  In  the  case  of 
Auwi/ defect*  existing  in  such  a  condition  Out 
they  could  not  be  delected  \rf.  tht  buyer,  and 
are  known  to  the  aeller,  who  fail*  to  disclose 
them  to  the  buyer,  this  i*  a  cpmlniotiva  fnud, 
untei*  the  animal  i*  sold  "  with  all  fault*."  Bj 
contenting  to  purcha**  the  bona  "with  all 
faults."  the  pundiaaer  take*  apao  Uaiiclf  tht 
risk  of  latent  or  secret  dcfeot*.  and  ealeahta 
the  price  accordingly.*  But  wren  diii  Und  of 
a  purchaae  would  m  vcidablo  if  (&•  adUer  had 
purposuly,  and  to  daceivu  thu  pureiuMr,  cov- 
ered, filled  up^  patched,  plaotcr^,  or  ofbcrwiie 
pnctfaMd  fraud  to  ceiioeal  any  ddbeli,  and  the 
seUer  vook!  he  held  liable.' 

HilHMa  out  a  how  and  carriage  t«  iwfom 
a  potticular  journey  carria*  with  it  the  wair^ntf 
of  the  person  letting  that  the  hone*  and  cant- 
age  and  each  of  tbem,  i*  fit  and  compeUmt  fa 
fiuch  journey,  and  thla  though  a  particulsr 
horse  ho*  been  ejected  out  of  th«  ouracr*! 
staUa*.*  But  if  a  bona  ia  hired  for  OMpur- 
pose  and  i*  used  for  aaotber,  and  ia  it^wted, 
the  Idler  it  liable  for  the  damage  tiMtained. 
The  Mier  ia  in  ojl  cooe*  omwerable  far  onHnaty 
neglect.'  If,  therefore,  he  uaea  the  hired  bone  ss 
Ml :  »4p*.  M.    %•*  B.  *  B.  jm;  i Ogw.  1.    P-Piht 

iT Vw.  vn :  ■  SaiMs,  «m  :  •  J.  J.  M*nA>.  gif :  «  KoBe 
Huaipi.  jas:  sHMd^iA;  at  >sBa>  jt  s*> :  t 


tM: 


Tan 

T.  aat, 
»«4. 


■  U.  An.3ls:  aAi*.«H:  «tOsi 
•}  RtetTl,  91.    UhsGMOffc.  ai 


y-J* 


••«. 


jTjIlai^SlltTkK^ 


•It  seo  li**s.4»i 


mm4 


nd<r  I*  liabla  In  caw  ihr 
\u  d4ii|{erott«,  and  thi'til.t 
I,  if  the  owner  of  a  hunt, 
icioutt  and  unmanageable, 
lorant  of  it*  bad  qualities, 
rom  him,  and  by  rvaMjn 
hrown  from  it  and  injured.! 
>e  uicd  only  for  the  puriiuM, 

stipulated.     A   borruweJ 
d  by  a  lervant.*    And  one 
or  a  week  to  go  to  Buston, 
ih,  or  goes  to  Albany,  is  re 
iccidcnt  to  the  hone  in  hi» 
or  after  expiration  of  ilic 
time  is  fixed  a  reasonable  • 
I  intended  will  be  pre^anicd. 
borrower  must  cars  for  and 
tth  food,  drink  and  ihelter.i 
14  lefuMt  hia  food  he  s|iould 
iworked  nntil  restored.    If 
e,'  or  is  killed  by  inevitable 
>.,  Xha  borronier  is  not  liable. 
[>f  the  loan  is  accomplished 
is  elapaed,  he  shonid  be  le- 
'.    A  mi>«Mr  of  the  animal 
•n.'   See  "  Hiring,"  below, 
e  ^a^nt,  that  is,  which  are 
I  plain  to  an  ordinary  ob. 
minoi  an  eye  or  tail),  and 
r«  kttovn  to  the  buyer,  are 
id  by  a  general  warranty' 
a  no  ckill  to  discover  them, 
W  obierted  to  or  aoquieaccd 
purchase.    In  the  ase  of 
ng  in  snch  •  condition  that 
detected  by.  the  bnyer,  and 
Kller,  who  fails  to  disclose 
this  is  a  cpnatm^ve  fraud, 
I  sold  "with  all  faults."   Bj 
chase  the  hone  "with  all 
tier  Ukes  npon  hiaielf  the 
«iet  defitctsmd  eiUenlata 
ly.*   Bat  evMi  tkli  Mnd  of 
>e  voidable  if  the  Mllcrhil 
deocnrc  tiie  pweiuaer,  cov- 
hed,  piMterfd,  or  olbctwiM 
BOBoeal  any  4«fecls,  and  the 
dli«ble.« 

ooe  and  caniage  to  pnfoRB 
irearr|aBwith  it  the  wananM 
ig  that  tW  hone'  and  outi- 
hem,  it  §t  and  eompeieiit  fat 
1  thia  tboogh  e  particular 
ilected  out  of  the  ontncr'* 
hone  ia  fciied  for  one  pw- 
for  another,  and  ia  ii^nrad, 

for  the  damage  wwtained. 
was  ana  verable  far  onUoary 
ore.  he  mea  the  hired  hone  s> 

B.  ftB.  in;  lOow,  t.  m-t:im. 
^  Kwh.  4ti.  «.8m  si  l^k.  3oo; 
,  «M :  •  jTj.  Mavdu  |l» :  •  KoOe 
HmmI-jm:  a«  PMMk Bt.  mn:  • 
it»:  ••AM.4M:  •(Omm.s(>: 

wf  CT.  ni,  |H.  m-tp  U 
flm  *Si  sao  llaaa.4»i  |AIIh 


AmwaA 


a  prudent  man  would  his  own,  he  is  not  answer- 
alile  fur  any  damfge  which  the  hurae  may  re- 
ceive.* If,  however,  he  keeps  the  hired  hone 
after  a  stipulated  t<me,  or  uses  it  differently 
from  his  agreement,  he  la  in  any  event  liable.* 
If  a  hone  is  talien  tick  on  an  agree<l  journey, 
without  fault  of  the  hirer,  the  expense  of  the  cure 
must  be  born  bv  its  owner.*  If  the  hirer  pre- 
(cnlie  the  medicine  he  is  liable  for  improper 
treatment ;  but  not  so  if  he  calls  in  a  farrier.* 
The  hirer  must  pay  for  his  shoeing  during  the 
Mrr,  unless  ihe  horses  are  driven  by  the  scr 
itnis  of  him  who  lets  them.*  If  the  hirer 
lelU  the  horse  the  owner  may  recover  its  value 
of  the  purchaser,  though  the  purchaser  had  in 
mod  faith  given  the  hirer  full  "alue  for  it,  oh 
the  hirer  could  give  him  no  bener  title  than 
he  had  himself.*  If  one  under  the  pretenct- 
of  hiring  gets  a  hone  out  of  the  poaoetsion  of 
the  uwner  and  ofien  it  for  sale,  there  is  n<> 
criminal  offence  until  the  sale  is  actually  ef 
fected.'  If  the  horse  were  (irat  hired  in  goo<l 
faith  and  afterwards  sold,  this  at  common  Uvu 
is  no  felony.*  If  through  tH»  hirer's  negli- 
j^ence  the  hotae  is  stolen  he  must  answer  for 
it.^  In  general,  the  owner  of  a  horse  is  liable 
for  any  accident  which  minr  befall  it  when 
fairly  mad  by  the  hirer.'  U  a  person  hire  a 
carnage  and  any  number  of  horses,  and  the 
owner  sends  his  postiV'  ><  or  servant  with  them, 
the  hirer  is  dischat]^  t  /rom  all  attention  to 
ihem^  and  any  damage  done  through  the  ncgli- 
Mnce  of  the  aervants  must  be  answered  for  by 
their  ^m^oyer  or  master.^  Thehirerof  ahorM 
and  carnage  ia  liable  for  damage  occasioned  by 
the  negligence  of  himself  or  his  servant. 
Where  two  penons  hire  a  carriage  they  are 
both  answerable  for  any  Januje  occ*''  ed  by 
the  negligent  driving  of  one  m  tfaeu  Vhc? 
it  is  hired  by  one  only,  the  other,  r.  .^r  ii  a 
mere  passenger,  U  not  liable.'  Where  dster 
and  servant  are  together  in  a  carriage,  and  an 
injury  enaaea,  the  maatcn  frou  his  mere  pres- 
ence, it  a  oo-ti«Bpettcr,  if  the  act  oThia  servant 
amounta  to  *  treuan." 

SAutt.  See  Defeda,  above  i  Unaonndneta, 
Vice,  Wwnnty,  below. 

UmooMDMM  is  a  diaMallfication  for  work 
which  ariMM  ettber  finoet  cHaeaae  or  accident.* 
If  at  (he  tiate  of  lale  Oie  hone  has  any  disease 
which  either  doaa  aetwdly  dioihiith  tM  nataral 
nsefttlaen  of  (he  anfanat  so  as  to  make  him  leas 
capahleof  weihof  anvdeacripthM.orvhich  in  its 
ordinary  jprafreM  will  dininiah  the  natnral  ase- 
rnlncaioith4imiaial;  or  Jf  the  borae  has,  either 
from  dtaenw  or  aeddent,  nndergone  any  alter' 


Am.  L.  MV, 
Jo2?tfSa.*W 

35 ,  if^ScjntrstMia'it  b;  ft  c,  »Sj"< 

•» »k» iCr. * H. 3S4 !  4 M.  to.  A , a-f 


C.  B.  N. 


n  L.  jf  Jbeh.  lot.    J- 


(fi.   •^CMttjr  Contr. 


•ilJf: 


Va'^: 


U.  4k.    pitLtitt.. 


alion  of  stmcture  Oat  chher  does  at  the  time, 
or  in  iu  ordinary  effects,  will  diminish  the  nat- 
ural usefuineu  of  the  horse,  su'-h  hone  is  un- 
sound.* SoitHt/  means  that  the  auimal  is  sound 
and  free  from  disease  at  the  time  he  is  war- 
runted  sound  (»  and  the  only  qualification  which 
It  IS  suscepiiblu  of  arises  from  the  purpose  for 
which  the  warranty  is  glven.«  A  hone  is 
sound  when  he  is  free  from  hereditary  disease, 
ia  in  poasession  of  natural  and  constitutional 
health,  ami  has  a  physical  perfection  consistent 
with  his  natural  formation.* 

Vice  is  unsoundness ;  a  hone  is  free  from 
vice  when  he  has  no  bad  habiu  that  make  him 
dangerous,  or  are  injurious  to  his  health,  or  in 
any  way  diminishes  his  natural  usefuineu.' 

WARRANTY  is  distinct  from  the  contract  of 
sale ;  and  unlesa  it  is  made  a  |>art  of  Ihe  con- 
tract of  sale  fas,  having  agreed  as  to  the  terms 
of  the  sale,  the  buyer  says  I  will  purchase  of 
you  if  you  will  warrant  the  article  so  and  so, 
etc.),  theru  is  no  wamnty  founded  on  the  sale." 
Warranty  is  a  distinct  contract,  and  must  be 
supported  1^  a  consideration;  in  the  above 
example,  th«<  consideration  is  the  puixhase. 
If  the  wammty  is  made  after  the  ulc  there 
must  be  »  new  and  distinct  consideration.* 
See  WARRArmr. 

Htiatinfi  or  the  chase,  is  the  act  of  acquiring 
posansion  of  animab.  wild  by  nature,  by  force, 
cunning,  or  addreu.  The  act  of  punning 
wild  animals  for  the  purpose  of  catching  or 
killing  them.  It  ia  practised  for  food,  exercise, 
diversion,  or  for  the  destruction  of  noxious 
animals.  The  hunter  acqnirea  a  right  to  such 
animab  by  possesaing  them,  and  they  therein 
become  his  property.*  Bat  no  man  has  a  right 
to  enter  the  bnds  of  another  for  the  purpose 
of  hunting  without  hb  omttnt.* 

Ittjurin  U  ammaJk  of  a  domestic  nature  are 
the  sot^  of  an  action  at  law  for  the  damage 
sustained^  and  where  it  amount*  to  cruchy,ln 
many  States,  to  a  criminal  proaecution.  See 
Crimihai.  Law,  Plkohno,  ntAcrici. 

MiMtalcvwR  MiinMlR  tender  their  ownen 
liable  when  known  to  •hem  to  be  so,  and  they 
are  ranowdUe  when  they  pennit  them  to  go  at 
large,  for  the  danu«e  thqr  may  do.^  Any  per- 
son may  justify  the  Ulling  of  ferodoua  aninab.* 

PouidB  are  encloaurea  erscted  by  public 
anthorinr,  in  which  ottla  and  other  beasts  ai« 
confined  and  detained  when  taken  in  tiespan- 
ing,  astray,  or  gofaig  at  huge  in  vioktioK  of 
law." 

Fropwtjr  ia.— In  tane  or  dMBeado  animab, 
audi  as  hotaes,  cattle,  sSetp,  ponltty  and  the 


■  /'I 


1  ,;s. 


ANIMALS-APPRENTICS8HI?. 


likt, «  man  may  hare  an  absolute  property, 
hecsilM  th«y  continue  perpetually  ui  hii  iMuem- 
kion  and  occu|iation,  and  will  not  stray  from 
hii  hottie  and  person  unlasa  by  accident  or 
fraudulent  enticement,  in  aither  of  which  cases 
the  owner  doe*  not  Iom  his  property.*  But  in 
animal*  wild  by  nature  a  man  can  have  nu 
absolute  property;  they  belong  to  him  only 
while  they  continue  in  hia  poaaeMion,  for  if  at 
any  time  they  regain  their  natural  liberty,  his 
property  instantly  ceMaa,  nulaia  they  have  the 
intention  of  returning,  which  ia  only  to  be 
known  by  their  habit.* 

Animals,  wild  by  naturt,  lo  long  aa  they  are 
rpclaimed  by  the  ait  and  power  of  man,  are 
the  tttbject  of  a  qualified  property;  but  when 
thev  art  abandoiiM,  or  aacape,  and  retnm  to 
their  natural  libaftv  and  ferocity,  without  the 
intention  of  returning,  the  property  in  them 
CUMt.  While  this  oualified  property  con- 
tinnet,  it  is  aa  much  vnaer  the  protection  of  the 
law  as  any  other  pronerty,  and  every  invasion 
of  it  is  redreued  In  tna  sama  manner.'  If  an 
animal  belong*  to  the  claia  of  tame  animal*,  as 
for  instance,  to  the  clasa  of  horse*,  *hcep,  or 
cattle,  he  is  then  clearly  a  iul>|tct  of  abaotute 
property;  but  if  he  belongs  to  the  class  of 
animals  which  are  wild  hy  nature,  and  owe  all 
their  temporary  docility  to  the  discipline  of 
man,  such  as  deer,  fvih,  and  th«  scvtial  kind 
of  fowl,  then  the  animal  is  the  subject  of 
qualified  property,  and  which  continnea  so 
long  as  the  tamenass  and  domasticatioa  remain. 
Whether  the  animal  b«  wild  or  tame  ia  referred 
to  our  knowledge  of  his  habits,  derived  from 
fact  and  actiut  cxpericnoe. 

Pursuit  alona  0Tca  no  propcfty  in  animals 
wild  by  nature.*  The  animal  must  have  been 
brought  within  tite  power  of  the  pursmsr  before 
property  in  the  animal  ▼est*;  lor  mere  pwsoit 
withove  bringing  the  animal  within  the  power 
of  the  partyla  not  sndicient.  The  possession 
must  be  so  far  esUbHslwd  b*  the  aid  of  nets, 
snares,  or  othar  meant,  that  ttat  anfaanl  eunoi 
tacue.  An  actio"  will  not  Ut  against «  per- 
son tot  kilting  and  taking  an  aaimal  whidi  baa 
been  paisnedby  anothnc  and  was  then  acttially 
In  view  of  tkt  person  wlio  had  originally  fonnd. 
Btaittd,  and  chaaed  it,*  for  tlit  mm  ponrait  and 
being  in  view  .if  tbt  smifnal  did  not  otate  a 
profwrbr,  hecanae  no  passtsiion  had  bten  ac- 

n'  sd.'  And  pniptftar  in  a  wounded  wIM  beast 
not  attach  until  tht  beast  ia  aetMlly  taken.* 
••1m  of  domestic  aninala  art  gtwtnwd  bf 
(he  general  law  of  salt  of  parMaal  pmpeity, 
and  whether  thty  art  in  tht  owntr's  BoKf^isian, 
or  under  hit  immwVatt  control,  at  tat  i  le  m 
sale,  is  not  a  matter  of  much  nomcnt,  iiat  to 
■aakt  a  valid  salt  of  animate  of  a  wiM  nature. 


the  vender  must  have  a  nai'ifled  property  in 
them,  produced  by  reclaiming,  taming,  or  am 
Hning  them,  a*  deer  in  his  park,  doves  in  hh 
dove-cot,  or  fish  in  his  private  pond,  etc. 

Young.  It  is  •  rule  that  the  voung  of  doinct 
tic  or  tame  animals  belong  to  the  owner  of  ihr 
dam  or  mother,  according  to  the  maxim  i*  "  Thr 
offiipring  follow  the  condition  of  the  roother."> 
This  is  the  law  in  case  of  slaves  and  aninulij 

Aatas«a  tee  lirrairnoM. 

AsilsBMO  raniMI.  8m  Sraauim. 

AMMoxaUMi.  SMpaasoNALPaonani  Ruui 
i'soraiiTV. 

Aaa*  •mmImI.  Sm  PuumM;  Tl-juii  Ybas 


AfMUr.  BwlloHav. 


i    Imcvii- 


AaamI  AfM».  ..^  ....... 

Aaasiily.  BMCoNraAcr*!  PavMSsn. 
Aaoirof*  Km  PtaAmNo. 
Aat««llsi|>«tol.  8w  MAaauoB. 
AnttaiaM.  Sm  Aacamairyii  PaasoiiAL 

Ilosi.  Sm  Acts. 
i.«jst.  SMHoosa. 
mr.  Sm  MamcMi  IaWi 
Mtk  SMPaMmca. 
1.  Sm  PaMTwa. 
~mmtm.  8mPb«ctic8. 
JwfSft.  Sm  Aaawcn  Ai 

tl*siMS««ia.    Sm  Cems 
KraSSBMTATtVit. 

^••••IjKMSifait.  SM^BAcvioa. 
A»»gtlltiMii— .  SMPaaencn. 

ArniBVnCBaHir.  SMCoM*aa««ai  Vm 

SOMAL  RaiATIONS. 

An  APPRkNTics  is  a  ptnon  bound  in  du« 
form  of  law  to  a  masttr,  to  Itani  finas  him  hi> 
ait.  trade,  or  business,  and  to  strvt  hin  during 
the  time  of  his  apprentiGcship.* 

Apprenticeship  l^i  a  contract  fay  which  one 
person  who  undei  tnds  some  ait,  iraidt,  pro- 
fcssion,  or  basinets,  and  called  tht  master, 
undertaktis  to  teach  tht  stmt  to  anodm,  who 
(s  a  minor,  and  called  tht  cmpfcntlet,  who,  on 
his  part,  b  bound  to  strvt  tht  matttr  during  i 
definiit  period  of  tfaM,  in  sndi  irt,  tnde,  pro- 
fession, or  busineas.  It  it  tht  ttim  for  which 
an  appreniict  ia  bonnd  to  strvt  hto  ounttr.* 

AtticDOBMrt.  Appnmtioediip  ia  a  rriation 
which  cannot,  in  tht  afaaenct  of  a  atatwe  al- 
lowing it,  bt  aasigBed.>  Thoogh  if  under 
such  an  aasignnaat  tht  apprtnttet  oonthiae 
with  hia  ntw  master,  wUi  tht  eonatnl  tf  all  the 
ranica  and  hit  own,  it  wUI  bt  ooosinNd as* 
continuation  cf  tht  oM  appitndotship." 

Bia«af  oat.  9f  lift  conuBoa  law  an  in- 
fant couM  bind  hinwdf  ippraatiot  by  hMhmtnis 
bicanst  H  is  for  his  baCiit.*  Bat  oa  tMount 
of  liability  to  abott,  this  right  ha*  bt^ilm 
lated  hy  atatnte,  and  ia  not  hiodlnf  ma  the 
inbnt  unltst  tnttred  into  wKh  tht  MMtnt  of 
tht  pai 
parents 

which  most  ht  oudt  a  put  <tf  At  cmrtract  ;< 
or  if  Iht  infrnt  ia  ajpaapar,  then  brdM  anAori- 
tiea  and  without  his  cornenl.'  The  oootract 
Ceau^^st.    Mxs  nna.  4*1;  4  T,  ILsn;  Onari. 

1 


int  unltst  tnttred  into  wKh  tht  ednatnt  of 

ptmnt  or  guardian;  tht  AjSMr.  Ifhath 

snts  art  «Hv«;»  the  panml  Had  gitnluB 

m  ht  hn  faotfi,  with  tht  tofcafa  consent, 


^rfrS&i  Li?**'  "•  '»  B.  »m.4S»!  »  li.K. 


3* 

»«4 


AFPRENTICESHIF. 


iv<  •  nat'iflwl  proptrtyin 

recltimlng,  taming,  or  con 

r  in  hJR  (lark,  dove*  in  hh 

M«  private  pond,  etc. 

il«  tn«t  the  voungof  dotnn 

hclong  to  tne  own«r  of  ihr 

rdingtolhcntAximi*  "Thr 

conaltion  of  th«  mother."! 

iM  of  ikrM  tad  animaliJ 

rnon. 

il.  S«t  Stsaumo. 

w  PuioHM,  tmofwmn ;  Rui 

Sm  PuAmiWi  Tnui  Yuu 
Bmnohbt. 
nTKAcnt  PAvmcnr. 

ImMamumib. 
McwtnmK^i  wwmomtii,  Rila 

w  Acn. 

HOOM. 

Ibmcai.  Lain 
ucnca 
Tfca. 
PaAcnca 


haAMMtrri  A( 
U    •••  CofRB 

SMfBAcnca. 
awPMcnca. 


CofRBAcni    Incuii- 

CffCB« 

iFMcnco. 
■■F«  SwCowMAcni  Pn- 

l«  a  ptnoM  bowtd  in  due 
MM,  to  team  fton  Urn  hU 
■,  and  to  MTT*  him  during 
enticcihip.* 

a  contract  by  wUch  one 
tndi  MOM  mk,  umU,  pro- 
t,  and  called  tho  naMer, 
>  tlM  Mmc  to  MMdMr,  who 
ed  tha  apprentiet,  who,  on 
» MTTt  the  iBMtar  dvring  i 
m»,  in  inch  ait,  tnde,  pro- 
It  i*  the  tern  for  whkb 
nd  to  Mnre  hi*  nuntar.' 
kpimnliocaMp  b  a  ralation 
«  abMnce  or  a  atmate  •)- 
!Md.*  Thoogh  if  nndcr 
:  tha  i^prmuca  oontinue 
with  tha  eommlor  all  the 
I,  It  will  bo  oomtnwd  h  t 
old  apprmticaahte.* 
if  dw  coninan  mw  an  in- 
wtf  ippnttica  by  faiMituit 
I  baMlt.*    Bat  oa 


tMiTif^  kMbapS 


5C 

BIOS  the 


I  ii  not'^ndh^  <nos  .„. 
d  into  wiJi  tha  Maiaitt  of 
diani  ft*  iiflMr.  tfboih 
the  parmt  awl  gaaidia* 
,  with  tha  inflmt^  aaoMM, 
la  a  part  of  dM  cantiact  ;< 
aapar,  then  bydMaaAori- 
b  content.'  lie  eoatnu:! 

II :  isB.«mi.4m:«i1I.H. 


•^ 


nttd  not  Mwdiy  tha  particnlar  trade  to  b« 
uugbl,  but  i»  sufficient  if  it  he  a  contract  to 
le«ch  such  manual  occupation,  or  branch  of 
hufinem  aa  shall  be  found  txni  mited  to  the 
genius  or  capacity  of  the  apprentice.* 

A  Contract  or  apprenticeship  is  generally  by 
deed  or  indenture,'  to  which  the  infant,  a*  well 
as  tha  parent  or  guardian,  must  be  a  party,  or 
tha  infant  will  not  lie  bound,"  It  continues, 
genanlly.  if  the  apprentice  be  a  male,  during 
miitority  only  j  if  a  female,  until  the  anivea 
at  the  age  of  eighteen." 

To  be  binding  on  tha  ajoprcntice.  the  contract 
moat  be  made  ai  pmo-flMid  by  auiuie.-  An 
indeatnra  not  entered  into  according  to  law  it 
uuerhr  vcM,  as  conccnw  the  apprantrce  therein 
bound  J  M  it  can  onhr  be  avoided  by  the  ap. 
prenUca  himMlf(<  «,/  if  th.  apprentice  «lo 
elect  to  avoid  it,  he  will  not  be  aflowed  to  re- 
cover  wagaa  §ar  hit  aervicea,  the  relation  beina 
sufl&ciMN  to  rebnt  any  promise  to  pay  whicK 
muht  otherwiw  be  impifed.r  The  matter  will 
be  bond  by  hia  covenanb.  though  addiUonal 
to  thee*  raqairadby  itamte.' 

.  ^''•.■^•■'•*^«PP™«»'«»»»«tbainierted 
,  i?i^*T*".'  ^*  «*••  •«•  »  •«'««d  In  the 
indeittara  k  only  *Hma  fiuit  evidence,  and 
my  ba  contradicted  by  proof  of  the  tme  age.* 
A  ^1  *^?«»  JBdentnre  of  apprenticaahip 
tha  fcthar  b  bound  for  the  performance  of  the 
tan^Mhf  the  «on.»  But  in  an  action  for 
non^pernnnanca  or  desertion  by  the  ton,  he 
I**I  T5!!T  '^  *•  ■'^•'  •"•  ebendoned  the 
A  ^c"  *•  »«  WM  apprenticed  to  learn, 
orthat  ha  hai  diivea  the  aon  away  bf  cruel 

.**"*•»  •««•  An  apprentlee  b  bound  to 
nhey  hb  BMtter  in  all  hb  bwfiil  commands, 
talte  eara  of  hb  property,  and  promote  hb  in- 
terest} endaavor  to  learn  his  trade  or  business, 
and  perform  alt  Om  covenants  of  hb  indentoia, 
not  contrary  to  law.  He  must  not  leave  hb 
ST^**"*^  *"'*"« «'"» «««»  <rf  tha  appien. 
^^  _Thtapprwitlce  b  entiUted  topay- 
"*~      ~"  pronwcd 

— — „  no  express 

^^^^ >  >BMa,iuidar  peculiar  drcnm- 

TiM  datba  «r  tha 


■MMA*  axtraoKlinary  services,  when 
5»a  master,*  and  even  when  m 
pTBMise  hu  been  mada,  nadar  pacalli 


-.—..— 7-  -  -rr  —"^  ■»•  to  Instruct  the 
•PPiwHje.  ^isachiH  him.  la  good  faith,  the 
ir!!:^.r '^I'L"'*  ^  *"  MiKlertiten 
IL'**?^*^*^  >»  wm  be  excused  for 
Ti^!^^  ■!?*  ir«ltma«  If  the  appraMice 

.aiprai^wUdibonJdia  master.!   Heoariit 
to  watch  war  Aa  cnadact  of  the  a|^>r^ber 


9J 

giving  him  good  advice,  ami  showing  him  s 
good  eiample,  and  fulfilling  towar.l  him  the 
duties  of  a  father,  aa  in  his  character  of  master 
he  stands  in  the  place  of  the  pannt      He  is 
also  rerjuired  to  till  all  the  covenants  he  has 
entered  into  by  the  indenture.     He  must  not 
abuse  his  authority,  either  by  bad  treatment,  or 
by  employing   his  apprentice  in  uteniat  em- 
ployments, wholly  unconnected  with  the  Imsi- 
ness  he  is  to  learn,  or  in  any  service  which  is 
Immorol  or  contrary  to  law>  but  may  correct 
him  with  moderation  for  negligence  and  mix- 
behavior.'     He  cannot  dismbs  hb  apprentice 
btit  by  consent  of  all  the  parties  to  tClnden- 
tore^  or  with  the  sanction  of  the  court  approv- 
ing the  Indenture,*  even  thoogh  the  apprentice 
should  steal  hU  master'a  property,  or  by  reason 
01  Incurable  illness  become  incapable  of  ser- 
vice---the  covenants  of  the  master  ancJ  apuren 
tice  being  independent.*    He  cannot  removr 
tke  aoprentice  out  of  the  Sute,  nnleu  such  re 
?   .      »  5^*'^«<*  '«'  'n  the  contract,  or  ma> 
be  implied  from  iu  nature ;  and  if  he  do  so 
remove  him,  the  contract  ceases  to  be  obli 

c«««wy" 

Bmplojment  and  Bntlclng  Away,  ate 
When  an  apprentice  is  employed  by  a  third 
pcnon  without  the  knowledge  or  consent  of 
the  master,  the  matter  b  entitled  to  all  his 
earnings,  whether  the  perMm  who  employed 
Mm  (iid  or  did  not  know  that  he  was  an  ap- 
pr««tice;"«  but  in  an  action  for  harboring  or 
enticing  away  aa  apprentice,  a  knowledge  of 
the  apprenticeship  hf  the  defendant  b  an  in- 
dbpensable  requbite  to  recovery*  in  such  an 

The  plaintifr  should  prove  the  apprenticeship 
by  the  indenture,  which  should  be  produced 
and  proved  in  the  usual  way.  It  should  be 
proved  that  the  defendant  knew  of  the  appren- 
ticMhh>  at  the  time  of  hb  enHcing  away  or 
harboring  the  i^iprentice,'  but  it  b  suiBcient  to 
rtiow  tiMt  the  ararentica  was  enticed  away  or 
barborsd  by  the  defendant.  The  dmrnan  inrit 
be  proved.*  The  valcr  of  the  servtees  lott 
should  be  shown.  The  aieascn  of  damages 
.■y^.i  •*  asceitalnad  at  tha  actual lossOw 
plaintiff  sustained  at  tha  time,  but  for  the  in- 

v*^  tT*^  '•"^"«  *•  "PI«ntlM  to  leave 
thajdafaitiff's  empl<nrment.' 

T»e  defendant  should  be  prepared  to  db- 
prove  Ae  fdaintilTs  case;  he  cannot,  however, 
avail  hiamelf  of  any  objectkm  to  the  ibdentnre 
of  apprenticeship.*  He  should  reduce  the 
damages  as  far  as  he  can. 

TamiMtioa,  ate.  Upon  Ae  death  of  Ae 
C.  Kob.  AAn.  »3»j  but  see  i 

•  F.  Ho.  Ldi.  t34.    i- 
■;  It  P.dc.  IM;  (  Banr. 


la(r.71'G.  ibs!  t  Wsadi 


-«-  fc**?*  ?l*  ••  3  W.  H.  rm 

sB.1).Saiifc.4ol:  i  SmIA! 

Glim.  <Va.) 


¥^%m^^is^m 


n. 


*■  3«<».  ».  4, 


AWRKNTICESHW. 


miultr,  the  «pprentlc«>.hlp,  h«»iig  k  pmofi»l 
tru»t,  Ik  dlMolved.'  U|k>h  the  death  of  on«  of 
two  mMtert  th«  indenture  luivive*  to  and 
•aainul  the  iurvivor.  Upon  th«  removal  of  the 
maiter  from  the  Stale  he  may  be  rele«»«d  from 
the  indenture  if  he  hai  done  )u»tite  by  hii 
apprentice.  S<i,  al»o,  upon  c^uitting  hU  trade 
or  bu»ineta.     See  Cltl«B«AL  fjTATuru. 

ArrBBNTicBBNir  romas. 

Uir*>-«l«««r«l  r»riw. 

Thie  anaameal  (#r  lnd«inuni»  w»IBeeeet»i 

Thai  /.  A.,  now  aged yaara-and  wtlh  the 

aenaent  of  P.  A.,hla  (fcihtr,  #r  moOwr  inrMtl** 
/mtk4r  (•#  mt  /Mir}6oM  by  thaaa  Moaenta  appren- 
flca  himtalf  unt?ll.  M. .  of —-.  W  JiM*  th«  •J*<»' 
iMiilnMt  »r  prnrcMion,  #r  ir«d«)  of  (*<<!/» «*»«/)  from 
the  date  of  iheae  praaanta  unto  the  day 

*  Ttiiii"  he  will  perform  all  the  dntia-  raauired  hy 
law  of  him,  and  otharwiae  aonduc;  und  damean 
hlniMif  aa  a  cenaclentleua.  falthfkil  and  induatrl- 
•ae  apprantlae  ouf  ht.  .^  ..  „   ^ 

That  in  (onaldaratUn  thereof  aald  M.  M.  doM 
harahy  covenant,  pramlaa  and  a«raa  to  uae  the 
ittmoat  of  hia  endeavors  to  have  aald  appranUca 
tnuahi  the  an  (*»■  U»ln«»«,  Me.  i  atoreeua,  to 
read,  write,  alamantary  rulea  of  arithmatle,  and 
{,tai*  wM  Tkrtktr.  .r  uy  — -  month,  •choolln; 
Mr  y«*r  during  tald  Mrm),  and  In  the  meantime 
P^xAde  eatd  aMrantlae  with  all  n*|iaaaa»iia.ln- 
atudlng  feed.lr^tng,  atethinf .  laundry  and  mad - 
leal  at&ndanca.  Mdl  at  the  aap/rntlon  af  aaid  term 
to  give  him doltara,  — -  clethee,  and . 

In  witnaaa  whataof,  aald  p«t»eaha*o  hereunto 
•ubacribed  their  namaa,  thfa  — -  ^jr  ••■^"•m 

Thia  agreement  (#r  tnd«rtur«)  witneeeetk  s 
That  #.  A.,  of ,  doea  hy  HS^fTSEf  a  ' a* 

Jut  hIa  (#»■  h«p)  aon,  A.  A.,  and  that  aald  A.  A. 
oaa  hereby  bind  himaelf  out  ■•  an  appirantlce  to 

M,  M. ,  of ,  to  iaarn  the  art  (buiiiMU,  proCMlon, 

»r  trade)  of  («/«/» i«<*<«<)-    ^     ^                   ,          . 
That  said  A.  A.  la,  at  the  daU  itareof,  aged 

'"'fhlt  aald  A.  A.  ahaU  dwell  and  aerre  aald  M. 
M.  aa  auch  aporantice,  from  the  data  hereof  until 

'  ThaTdui^ng  aiTaald  term  aaid  apprentice  ahall 
faithfully  aerve  hIa  aald  maator.  keep  hie  aoereta. 
andave^here  and  at  all  timaa  raadlW  obey  bU 
lawful  cemmanda.  Ha  ahall  do  no  daman  to 
hia  aald  maetar,  nor  wllAiUy  aufar  any  to  be  dona 
byothara;  and  ahauld  any  to  hIa  hnewladcaba 
letended  be  ahall  (Iva  aaid  maater  reaaonablo  n»- 
■  tWa  thereof;  he  aSatl  not  haunt  or  fVe<uent  tat^- 
erna,  bawdy  or  tlp"^-  '--*—  —«-«"• — — «•— 
ptacea,  ana  aha; 

sarvice  of  hla  aalv  mansri  i»»»  •»  -••  •"""■'."J"" 
at  all  tImaa  ahall  demean  and  conduct  himaeiraa 
a  good  and  faithful  apprantlea  ought. 

That  aald  M.  M..  In  eonaldaration  thereaf,  doea 
hereby  covenant,  premlaa,  and  agraa.to  inatnict 
and  taach  aald  apprentice,  or  cauaa  him  to  he  in- 
structed and  taught, the  art  (buunsM,  pmfeMion,  t- 
\n£»-)  aforaaaM.  to  the  beat  of  hla  andeavora  and 
msana:  to  Inatruet  and  taach  aaid  apprantleo,  or 
causa  him  to  be  Inauuctad  and  taught  to  read, 
write  and  cipher  oa  far  aa  the  rule  of^tkna,  if 
ssid  apprentice ba capable  of  learning  tbaaoma j 
to  And  and  provide  aaid  apprentice  witt  goad 
and  auttclant  food,  clothing,  lodging,  and  other 
neceaaarlea  during  aald  Mrm ;  and  at  the  amira- 

tion  thereof  to  gtvo  him  doUara  and  — 

cSethlng- 
In  witnaaa,  ate.  _    ^     .    .    «.  ^ 

(Stgnid )        r.  Am  a.  a,  M.  M. 

Ap»Mii«l«MM|»A«M«fMid<*r  ladtoa* 

ThIa  agreamaot.  mode  tMa  — -  day  of -^,  A. 
D. roet#een  A.  A.,  now  aged  —  yeota,  aitd 

»>i  talk.  M:  Stra.  184 :  >  I>«y.  jo. 


Mr  tiMUdg  hooaaa,  aaloona  orgaoalng 
ahalTnet  abaant  Mmaalf  ^from  the 
I  aald  maatar,  but  in  all  thlnga  nod 


P.  A.,  Me  lhtlMr,ar ««mty,  in  the  tlata  of 

.andM.  ll..o7^ — county,  and  State  of  ^ — , 

wiineeaath :  ^         >,.  ^ 

That  A.  A.,  of  (his  "r  h«r(  own  ftrse  will, dass 
hereby  Wnd  (himwif  tr  h«rMif )  to  serve  M.li.,  ■« 
apprantlea  (#r  <.i«tki  in  ths  trad*  of  a  blachsmit.'i 
l»r  oih«r  ir»«li,  pfirfjs»lon.  »r  •mplo)rin«iilj,  and  10 
Uarn  aald  trade  (or  pfufeMiun,  *ic  >  untl.  (h*  »r  \\% 
la  of  ih«  H*  "' yssr*.  whleh  «»'"  •*  "•  "••*  — 

'fhat  durl'ngaU'whleh  time  aald  approntisa  shall 
aarve  aald  master  fttithfkiUy,  honaetW  and  Indus- 
trtoualy,  hla  aacreu  keeo.  and  lawful  sammandi 
svarywhera  obey ;  at  afl  llmea  protect  and  pft- 
aerve  the  gooda  and  property  of  the  eaid  masKr, 
and  not  aulTsr   or   allow  any  to  ba  injured  01 

That  ha  (#r  iIm)  ahall  not  buy,  sell,  or  tralBc  in 
hla  own  gooda,  or  the  gooda  of  others,  nor  be  sb- 
aentlVom  the  eoid  maatar'e  aarvije  day  ar  nlaht 
without  leave ;  but  In  kII  things  bshava  aa  a  fafth- 
fkil  apprentice  ough;  to  do,  during  said  term. 

Thaleald  maatar  ahall  clothe  and  provide  for 
the  aald  apprantlae  In  atcbneaaand  in  health,  and 
aupply  (him  «r  her)  with  auMelent  and  aultabia 
fbod,  raiment  and  lodging;  and  ahail  uae  and 
employ  the  utmoet  of  hla  endeavora  to  teach  or 
cauaa  aald  apprantlea  to  be  taught  and  inatructed 
In  the  uade  af  (**r»  umU  Ihi  tnuh,  *fa..  *.  -Awvl. 

That  ha  ahall  eauae  aald  apprentice  to  be  taught 
Ulmtt  wiM,  M)  to  read  and  write,  and  the  elemen- 
tary rulea  of  arithmatis,  the  comoound  rulea  and 
the  rule  of  three,  and  at  the  eadration  of  (hi.  «■ 
h«r)  time  of  aervloe  give  ihiiB#r  b«).  .  ._  . 

•nd  the  eold  U.  U.  >elineei^«l|aa  reealpt  of — 
deUara  with  the  esld  A.  A.  .from  (W.  f«ih.r  «• 
mMher,  P.  A),  aa  a  compenaatlon  for  hta  Inatruc- 
Uon,  aa  above  mentioned.  

mMrtZkilutri),  and  aaid  M.  M.  further  agrees 
ti  pay  aald  A.  A.  the  following  auma  of  money, 
to  wft :  for  the  flrat  year  of  fiaaarvica  — -  d^ 
lara ;  fbr  the  aaeond  year  of  hla  aerviee  — --  dollars : 
for  every  aubaaauent  year  untH  «»•  •"E'SSf «J 
hU  term  of  aar^ce  —  dollara  j  which  aald  pa»- 
menta  are  to  be  made  00  the day  of In 

'  An/for  the  uueperformance of  all  and  alngular 
the  covenanu  andaaraementa aforaaaid,  the  aaid 
pwtlee bind  themeelvea each  unto  «[?«?•/ V.^ 
"iS  witnaaa  whereof,  the  partlae  aforaajM  have 
hereunto  aet  their  handa  the  day  and  year  firat 
above  written.    ^  ^^^     ,.    .  .    . 

tri^AHrntk*.)  A.  A. 

,_. jr#  if  Pmrnt  »r  Gm»r4itm. )      P.  A. 

A»»rMiM«Mlil»  lMlrataM«v  A«m«> 

Thla  Indentnrater  sgrsyaent),  made  •**•—*•}; 

,f ,  between  P.  A.,  of-—,  fhther,  and  Ms  ten 

A  A.,  aged years,  of  the  one  port,  and  M. 

ft.,  i/?^  (a»a  tttiittifii),  of  the  other  part, 

"InSmSd'A  A.,  with  the  M-MUt  ofhto  •Mher, 
P.  A.,  doea  by  tbeae  proaenta  bind  himaeu  ontaa 
MapprantfMtoaald  B.  M.,  lobe  ttucht  and  oaer- 
Stoa  Md  employ  himaelf  in  the  i^^T^'T,^: 
nation,  #r  protmiao.  ar  Kiencs,  er  inde,  at  <*#  <«* 
S«v£)  of  frla/r  wkil).  in  which  aald  M.  M.  ia  now 
engaged,  and  to  live  with  and  eerve  aa  an  aspran 
SSriom  the  data  hereof  wtU  the  — -  ivo 
— .  («r  fora  term  of——  years  from  iha  data  nanot). 

Tiit  during  aald  time  a^d  A.  A.  ahall  and  ^^ 
to  the  beat  and  Mmeat  of  hla  aMUty.aklll  and 
kn^'ad^  IMilUfantly  •««.«Wthftmy  aarvajond 
ba  iuatand  trMW  Ua  aaid  maatar.  hla  aemtt 
SmT  Munoal  hoep.  and  everywhere  and  at  all 
tImaa  hla  lawM  eomoMuida  obey 

That  ha  ahall  do  and  attempt 


rnai  no  snu.  —  —  attempt  no  h«iTt  to  Wa 
aald  maater.  in  MraM,  gooda,  •«•»•«;•*»• 
wlae.  nor  wilUnnr  aulbr  Bia  eame  to  be  done  by 
i^Sm"  bM  Ik^BWlth  ^va  aald  inaatar  notlee 
when  he  abaU  hova  anylnowladga  thereof. 

That  he  ehoU  not  embasala  or  waata  hia  a^ 
meotar'a  gooda  or  moi»y,  nor  au»r  the  aome  to 

That  be  ahall  not  land  hla  maatar'a  gooda  or  af- 
fccuto  any  pecaooori --*— — — -■m. 


mmfffmmw^- 


«««n«y,  In  Um  Mite  of 
cnunty,  ani  M«M  •!  — , 

h«rl  own  frMwlH.dM* 
wrMlf )  to  aar**  M-  M.,  •• 
lit  if*4«  of  a  blaakamit^ 
I,  #r  tmpliiy  ">•"«».  and  to 
Mion,  «ic  »  untU  (h«  »r  >l  t 
,  whlth  »|U  b«  on  ttM) 

tima  aald  apprantiaa  thtll 
rwily,  hanaally  and  Indui- 
p,  and  lawful  aammandi 
II  timaa  protact  and  pr«- 
party  of  tha  aald  maitar, 
w  any  to  ba  Injurad  oi 

oat  buy,  aall.  or  trafltc  In 
ooda  of  othara,  nor  b«  ab- 
i*,ar'a  aarvtaa  day  or  night 
II  thlaga  bahava  aa  a  fafth- 
do,  durln«  aald  tarm. 
ill  clotba  and  provida  for 
Ichnaaaand  In  haaith.and 
ih  auMatant  and  aultabk 
ainai  and  ahaU  uaa  and 
Ha  cadMVora  to  toach  or 
»  ba  taught  and  Inatructcd 
t»  $kt  IrMt*.  #««■..  <M  «*«»>. 
Id  appranUca  to  ba  Uught 
ind  writa.and  tha  alamtn- 
I,  tha  camaeund  rulaa  and 
It  tha  aafilratlon  of  (hu  »r 

lit  i^rtmlk*  HutH  ktrt), 
iMwIadfaa  raeaipjof — 
A.  A.,  nrom  (ht»  f«ih«r  #r 
paoaaUoa  for  hU  Inatruc- 

f  MU/ar  th*  urwkt  tf  lit 
•aid  H.  M.  furthar  agraaa 


»llowlna  aunna  of  ■onay, 

Mr  of  hia  oafvlea dot 

rofhUaonrica dollaraj 

tar  untH  tha  aaptratipn  of 

-  doUara;  which  aatd  pay- 
oa  tha day  of In 

irmaaeaef  all  and  alncular 
lamanta  afdraaald,  tha  aatd 
a  oaeh  unto  tha  othar. 
kha  partlaa  aforaaoid  hava 
»da  tha  day  and  yaar  ftrat 

■nrikt.)  ^  A. 

tnfr  Cmmrdkm.)      P.  A. 
imiratar*  m  Asvm> 

raMomt),  mnda  tWa— -  day 

of .  Ibthar,  and  hit  aon 

,  of  tha  ooa^pait,  and  M. 
UHitn),  of  tha  othar  part, 

li  tha  eoaaant  of  hto  iMhar, 
raaonta  hind  himaalf  out  aa 
I.  If.,wh«  taught  and  aaar- 
llf  In  tha  (bu»Tn«M,#r<»«€»i- 
Kitmct.  tr  imda,  ff  <*#  tmt 
iBwbtehaaldM.M.ianew 
Ith  and  aarva  aa  an  anpran 
Nroef  antU  tha  - — day  ol 

-  yMn  from  the  data  h«jwir). 
lo aald  A.  A-. •«»•«•  •»*  *»« 
wtof  hIa  atdttty,  akin  and 

gaad  IhlthftUly  oanra.and 
aald  maatar.  hIa  aawatt 
id  avarjrwbara  and  at  all 
aanda  oboy* 

kd  attampt  no  hurt  to  hla 
«,  goada.  aatato  or  oth»- 
IbrMiaaaaiatoba  dona  hy 
I  givo  aald  maatar  notlea 
lybnowtedga  tharaef. 
nihoaala  or  waata  hla  aald 
may,  nor  aalMr  tha  aamo  to 

Id  hU  maatar'a  gooda  or  af- 
r  paraaaa  whomaoarar,  nac 


APPRENTICESHIP. 


wflrrllM  MIM  W  h*  doaa,  ualoaa  by  hla  hnowl- 

•d|«  and  Konsanl. 
That  ha  tliall  not  traffle  with,  nor  buy  or  aall, 

|ooda  of  hla  own  or  oihaia  during  aald  tarm, 

without  hla  aald  maaiar'a  laava. 
That  ha  ahall  not  play  at  carda,  dica,  nor  any 

unlawful  gamaa,  whtraby  h»  or  hla  maatar  ahr.ll 

■uffir  damaga  or  loaa. 
That  ha  thall  not  fra^uant,  huunt,  or  vlalt  play- 

houMa,  thaalrta,  uvtrna,  ar>loont,  or  alt-houaaa, 

•ictpt  It  ba  about  hla  maatar'a  buainaaa  thara  ta 

b«  dona. 
That  ha  ahall  not  at  any  tIma,  by  day  or  by 

nlr hi,  abaant,  dapart,  or  quit  tha  aarvica  of  hfa 

Hid  maatar  without  hlo  laava. 
And  that  la  all  <hlnga  ha  ahall  and  will  bahava, 

conduct,  and  damaan  bimaalf  to  hla  tald  maatar 

H 1  conoclantloua,  faithful,  good,  and  Indualiloua 

■porantlao  during  aald  ««rm. 
That  aald  M.  M.,  In  conaldarallon  of  tho  pram- 

Imi  (aad  lb*  •uai  ..f di>llara,  lh«  raolpt  of  which 

li  hcraby    acliniiwUdtod)   dooa    hartby  covenant, 

promlaa,  and  agraa : 
That  ha  will  Inotruct  aad  taach,  or  cauaa  aald 

ipprtntica,  or  othar  wlaa  cauaa  him  to  ba  wall  and 
tufUclantly  laatructad  and  taught  In  tho  (buiin«M, 
or  occupation,  «»  protMtliin,  jr  trada)  aforaaald,  aftar 
tha  baat  mannar  and  moda  of  tho  tIma  («r  tha  baai 
Jinnnar  aad  way  ha  ahall  ba  abia). 

That  ha  ahall  and  will  allow  and  llnd  aald  an- 
prantico  Id  feed,  drinh,  waahing,  lodging,  aitd 
apparal,  both  Uaan  and  woollan,  and  allothor 
naeaoaarioa  in  atehnaaa and  In  haalth,  which  ahall 
to  convanlont,  nocaaaary,  and  propar  for  auch  an 
apprantica  during  aald  tarm. 

That  ha  ahall  and  will  (ktrt  tl»lt  ikt  tjiitnl  af 
t/ueaHtm  It  itthtm  durinr  Ik*  Itrm). 

And  that  at  Uia  aapiratlon  of  aald  tarm,  ha  ahall 
and  will  alva  aald  apprantica  ovar  and  above  tho 
clothing  ho  ahall  than  poaaaaa  tha  following  ar- 
llelaa  of  apparal  (ilmlii^  iktm  inm  ly  litm.  oacoai 
mt.  pania,  thpaa,  atocklnga,  undarwMr,  llnan,  hat.  ate. ) 
It  and  anltabla  for  auch  an  apprantica. 

Aitd  for  tho  trua  porformanco  of  all  and  aingu- 
ii^J*"  ••'••««nta  and  covanantt  aforaaald,  tha 
Mid  parQaa  bind  ^hamaalvaa  aach  to  tha  othar 
•nnir  by  thaao  nraaanto. 

changaobly)  aat  thair  handa  (and  aoala)  harato  thia 
—  day  of  — — ,  A,  D.  — ■ 
( minttM*)  {Signnl)  A.  A. ,  P.  A. .  M.  M. 

Caumt  vr  FMIicr  w  K«tlier  IMIoraML 

I  harahy  cenaont  to  tha  binding  of  my  aon  (or 
daughlar),  A.  A..  In  tho  mannar  and  for  tho  par- 
poaaa  aapraaaad  la  the  withla  ladaatura  («r  agna- 
aeni),  p^ 

ThIa  agreement  («r  ladaatura),  made  the^^ —  day 

»'•—-.  whnaaeeth  i  ' 

That  A.  A.,  of  —^  aged  —  yeara.  with  tha 

KaMa  imlonad),  uia  Ibthar  and  mother  boingdead 
(«rbla  ikihar  Mag  dead  and  kU  aiothor  rafiHTng  bar 
coMmt).  dMO  by  ibaae  preeonta  Mad  himaalf  unto 

M.  M.,  of ,  aa  an  apprentiee  In  the  art  (#r 

(ISlniL^  «««P««oa.  or  profaaaioa.  or  irada)  af 

That.  etc.  (m  «i  M#  mUm/trau). 

JNM»e>,  •«•.,  OMUMaMMgc. 

of  ~  Sl?i?S[?itr  ■«^'''^'  ■•<•  Ale day 

That  A.  A.,  of-—.,  with  thaeeoaantof ,aad 

— -,  JaeUeg  of  thaiMace.efeald («rov«naaia 

of  the  poor  of  aald ,  «r  J.  J..  Judge  of ),  hero- 

out  to  M.  If ..  etc.  (as  In  the  abova  forma). 

„r^™"*fI^"»""*X*»'»*«»»»e).  "»^«  KWe day 

That  A.  A.,  of  — ,  agdtf  «—  yoaia.  wtth  the 


O.  N.,  guaHlan,  hla  guardian,  or  T.  R.,  V.  t,  aad  T 

»..iru.u«  ..f  tU  __.  In  ),  j,„  hereby  bind 

hlmeeir  out  lo  M.  M,  ate.  (aa  in  tha  hbova  f'rma), 

AppraMll«wilil|»-4'«a««llai|«H*rABi 
...     ,.  worn,  ol*. 

Wo  hereby  cancel  the  withm  agreement  (*r 
ln<laniura)  of  apprenllceahip.  ^ 

Dated .  (iVW,A.  A..P.  A.,ll.  M. 

A|ipr«atieoahlp~«lMiir»Hljr  af  rMalltjr. 

Hf  Iht  t»lhtr  ln,Ut  ,t,i 
in  coneldarallon  of  the  parformanca  of  the 
agreements  and  covanania  apaciRad  !n  tha  within 
agraomont  (»r  uKlcniurt'i,  by  M.  M,,  with  my  aon, 
A.  A.  (ami  ih«  riirlhcr  ronaiilcraimn  of  uri«  ilulUr,  iha 
r»i«lpt  ij(  which  !•  h<r«by  a<.lin<>wlail||«ili,  |  do  haraby 
bind  myaair  lo  aald  M.  M.,  for  the  true  and  faith- 
ful obaarvatlon  and  performance  of  all  the  mallera 
and  thinga  by  aald  A.  A.  agreed  and  covunanted 
•"•'•In,  and  that  ha  ahairwall  and  truly  aarva 

Witnaaa  my  hand  thIa day  of ^,  A.  D. 

Ap|ir«M(l«>««lil|»— Il4>l«(wi«>. 

Know  airmen  by  theea  preaania : 

That  A.  A.,  eon  of  P.  A.,  did  by  hie  agreemtat 

(«>-  Indanuiroi,  bearing  date  the  dav  of  , 

bind  himaalf  aa  an  apprentice  unto  M.  Ilf. ,  of , 

for  a  term  of from  tha  date  thereof,  aa  by  aald 

Indenture  more  fully  afpaara. 

That,  etc.  (f/.</>V  Ik*  rnueut/tr  Ikt  n/mu). 

That  by  reaaon  thereof,  aald  M.  M.  doee  hereby 
!?'>.***fl  *."'  forever  diawharga  aald  A.  A.  (end  hla 
Mhar  P.  A.) of  and  t^om  aald  agreement  (*rlndan- 
lur«),  and  all  aarvica  (auretyahTp),  and  all  other 
agraamenta.covananta,  matiera,  and  thinga  there. 
In  contained,  on  their  or  either  of  their  narta  to 
be  obeerved  and  pat  formed,  whataoover,  fW>m  the 
beginning  of  the  world  unto  the  date  hereof. 

In  witneaa  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  act  my 
liandthta dayoC ,  A.  D .        M.  M . 

ApprOMek.  Saa  MARiTiMa  Law. 
Ap^Mprtotton.  Sao  iHTaaaaT;  PAVMairTa. 
Appv«Ta|.  See  HoMoe. 
Appr«va«  ■■«l«nw4i  ir*«4w.  Sao  Noria. 
ApMrt«M«M««a.  Sae  Rbal  PaiiraRTV. 
Arbiter.  Sae  Aaimcv ;  Arbitration. 
ArMtr«tl«a    mhI    AwmmI.    See  Aoimcti 
AaanraATioM. 
ArbUrttinr  PNBlahiMOMt.  See  PvmaHMairr. 
ArMtmtfoa.  8«e  AaaHcv. 
Arkltr«»t«r.  See  Aoamrv. 
Avcklvaa.  See  GovRRMMatrr. 
ArM.  Sea  HovaR;  Rral  PaoraRTV. 
APMlHMat.  See  Pnacticr. 
Arlaf  oirixy.  8«e  GovBRNMaHT. 
fwmmtttimTffMk.  Sac  Waxbr:  Rbai  Propmtt, 
Anatatlc*.  See  Intbrnational  Law. 
AraM.  Sae  Military  Law. 
A*wmtip»m*mt,  Sec  Criminal  Law;  PaAcnca. 
AVTMUna.  Sea  Pavmbmt. 
Arrvat.  See  PnAcrica. 
Ar>«a«*r«HdcaiaMt..  Sea  Juoombnt  :  PRAe< 

TtCB. 

AvMPM.  See  Criminal  Law. 

Artlela*.  Bee  Contract;  PARTNusHir;  Prac- 
Ttca. 

ArtlfllM  •€  C«HfM«rMU«H.  Sae  CoNrBO- 
UATIOH  ;  QovarNMaNT. 

Artlala*  •€  InpMMhaiCMt.  Sea  iMrtACH.   ' 

HCHT. 

Ar<laiM«r  rtirtaerahlp.  Sea  Parthbrrhip. 
Ar«lelaa«rWiu-.  SeeMiLrrARv  Law:  War. 
ArtUtoUtl.  See  Pbrion. 
AMMBdUata.  See  Gbnbaloov;  Pbrsohal  Rb< 

LATtOHR. 


AJtpkyxir.  See  Mrdical  Law. 
AaftMPtat' —  "-- 


-~.r^~  ..iUVM.  See  Criminal  Law. 
AMmmmammtfm,  See  Criminal  Law. 
AiMHHiK.  See  Criminal  Law. 
See  MoNBv. 

itr.  See  Lroiolation  ;  GovaimtBirr. 
_  See  Contracts. 

s _»«•■*.  See  Taxation;  OornNMn-r. 

Aiata.   See   Daairoa;   EtXATair;    Miaouttiui 
.IWMT;  raonipiTV,  arc. 


ii 


I  ■•''^-%'.<«WM.>* 


\ 


AMIONMCNT. 


pWBirr.  fw  A«-«wa:  A<M«aMairr. 
■ooaaunno;  Uam:  MMTOAaa,  arc 
An  amionmbnt  It  •  Ifantht  by  wrliln|,  •• 
illMinmiUhed  tnmx  on*  by  daH»cry.  Il  U  a 
InuiiUr  or  making  uv«r  Ki  muthcr  lh«  whula 
of  any  prof^tty.  rtal  <»f  |)«r»onal,  in  (kmmmIoii 
or  In  acliun,  or  of  any  ealata  or  right  therein. 
A  tranafar  of  (Ilia  ur  iniaraal  by  writing  i  iha 
writing  by  which  iha  auignmant  U  matt*. 

An  aaalgnmanl  differ*  from  a  Icaaa,  which  U 
Iha  convtyanca  of  •  loa  Mrm  »>•«  tha  laaaor 
haa  in  ih«  attala. 

Kvary  demand  connected  with  a  right  of 
(woparty,  real  or  .  •ronal,  ia  aaaignabin.  R^nl 
to  grow  du«i  Iha  r(ght  to  Cttf  treaa.  which 
have  tiaen  lold  on  th.  gntn'or'o  lard  ;•  <ha  aer- 
vicet  of  an  indentured  ap|iranllca  ;*  a  replevin 
|y>nd  t*  •  claim  for  tharira  feaa  i*  future  debta  ;• 
«  giMruilaa  /  and  a  marc  poaalbillty,  coupled 
wtth  an  intmreat,  may  b«  aaalgnad.t  A*  a  gen- 
eral mU,  all  choaea  In  action,  tuch  aa  bond*, 
mortgagaa,  imXm,  'udgmanU,  debta.  contracU, 
agreemaMta,  ••  well  relating  to  pei^nal  a*  real 
aaiata,  an  aaaignahlc,  and  will  pMa  to  the  aa- 
*lgn««  a  right  of  action  In  the  name  of  luch 
•lalfnM,  againal  all  partiaa  liable  loan  action> 
Wben  A  rA«w»  im  mttict*  ia  ataignabla,  It  may 
ba  aaaigMd  In  taparal*  parcel*  to  different  ptr- 
aon*  t  Mid  «UhM  of  tha  aaaiiineea  may  malnUin 
an  actloA  to  racovtr  tha  |)ortloii  to  him  aa- 
aigned.'  Where,  however,  a  debt  ia  aaaigned 
in  aeparatc  parcala.  it  ia,  in  affect,  a  MMimg 
of  th«  CMae  of  action,  and  lh«  whole  debt, 
notwithabuidiag  the  afsijronanta,  thoutd  be 
amd  for  in  one  action.'  11  the  owner  of  aome 
put  of  th*  debt  will  not  join  aa  co-plaintiff,  he 
ahonld  b«  made  a  defendant.  A  i^v^  debt  (a 
tmgk  tmrnu  •fm*H0m\  cannot  be  converted  Into 
«nitfr«/ debta  [ftvtni  tmuui  »/  mttiM)  unleaa 
with  tb«  oonacnt  of  the  debtor.* 

Soma  cboaaa  in  action  are  not  aaiignable. 
For  eumple,  an  oiRcer'a  pay  or  commliaioa  i* 
or  the  enUiy  of  a  judge  i"  or  claim*  for  fiahiiw  \ 
or  other  boontiaa  of  Iha  govcniment ;  or  righta 
of  action  for  frand  or  tort.*  Nor  can  peraonal 
truata  ba  aaaigned(  aa  tha  right  of  a  maatar  in 
Ua  aporantica  I*  or  tha  datiea  of  a  taitamantary 
nardian.'  A  panon  eannot  aell  to  another  a 
debt  againat  Unaalfi  a  debtor  haa  no  aaaign- 
able  interaat  in  debta  owing  by  him.  A  da- 
mand  daa  from  a  paraon  to  himaelf  and  NMtlm 
ia,  to  the  extent  of  hie  own  interaat 


aipartnan, 

in  It,  no  debt  againat  Um.< 


CbnaidMWtJion.    An  aiaignaa  of  a  ri^t  of 
action  ia  not  bound  to  ahow  that  ha  gave  any 

•■Hak..iyii.i  OtaHri.  JEv.  |*i ;  Graiaa  Dif.  ih.  1. 1 
Cow.  JM; 

'"'jafj*; 


.Hah.  lyi^i  Otaaal.  Ev.  I*f ;  Owlia 
How.  (itlM  Abb.  tk.    a-ii  Akb.  m.    P*_  jBoaw. 


k-i|lie.aBot«d«li.*lBr><8.ftlt.  li   I^A"«r- 
ft  R.  4W:  •***  Mat. 


'.Wfii' 


iarb.  tio:  3  M.«ii:  a.N.J.  >»):  ] 


a  iaiv.  Ron*,  sm:  TJwa.  »  »•  *»i*»*  t' 


valuable  conalderation  for  ilia  aaalgnmeat. 
The  owner  uf  the  cauae  of  action  may  ||iv<-  it 
away  if  h«  chiHiM,  and  the  done*  will  httvr  u 
gtMMl  a  ritfht  1%  though  he  wtre  an  awlgnrr  l.ir 
value'  In  ih*  aliaance  of  avidant:*  In  iht 
contrary,  il  will  lie  prviumcd  th*  aMlgnin«nl 
wa*  for  a  aullicicnt  cun*id«ralliN).*  frm*!  •>(  a 
valuable  co«i«l<lcrailon  i*  only  naceaaary  to  li« 
mad*  when  a  d*l*nc*  li  *«t  uo,  which,  unku 
the  plaintiff  w«*  purchaser  lo*  value,  w.iul.l 
c  mclud*  him  ;«  a*  wh*re  the  oljcct  ia  to  iimv* 
that  the  alleged  aaaignmcnt  i*  a  mr.e  tihnm  • 
And  when,  In  i>l*«d>ng,  thu  aa«igninrr>t  it  il 
leged  lo  hav«  been  Tor  value  received,  lh« 
alUgaiion  u  to  value  received  i*  Immaterial.' 
No  formality  ia  nacaaanrjr  to  effect  t 
tranafer  of  a  choM  in  action.  Any  tranaariion 
between  the  contracting  panic*  which  indicaict 
their  Intention  to  paa*  the  beneficial  internt 
in  the  Inttrument  from  one  to  the  other,  li 
eufficlent  for  that  purpoae  i  a  debt  or  claim  may 
be  aaaigned  by  parol  a*  well  aa  by  writing.* 

Proof  of  Aaaifninont.  An  aaaignmeni  i» 
proved  by  the  evidence  of  tha  payee  of  the 
note  In  *ull,  that  he  had  Indonad  (or  delivered 
without  indoracment,  for  a  valoable  conaidrr* 
lion)*  tha  note  to  the  plaintiff,  and  that  he  hat 
no  intereat  in  the  ntrte  when  aworn.'  The 
production  by  the  plaintiff,  on  the  tnal,  of  an 
aaaignment  to  himaelf,  aAer  due  proof  of  the 
csacntion  thereof  by  the  aaaignor,  ia  auAcicnt 
evidence  of  a  delivery  of  «uch  aaaignment,'  and 
that  it  waa  delivered  on  the  day  it  hear*  date.* 
Warranty.  In  every  aaaignment  of  an  In- 
atrument,  even  not  negotiable,  th*  aaaignc* 
impliedly  warranu  that  the  inalrument  ia  valid, 
and  the  obligor  liable  to  pay  It  (*  and  that  there 
ta  no  legal  defence  to  it*  collection,  ariaing  o<< 
of  hia  own  connection  with  tha  original  trans- 
action.* That  tha  party  waa  competent  to 
contract  ;*  and  that  Ih*  amount  ia  unpaid.* 

Whara  a  dabt  is  aaaignad  it  curiMwith 
It  all  the  collateral  •ccuritie*  held  by  the  a*- 
(ignor  for  iu  collat^ion,  although  thay  an  not 
mentioned  or  rafanad  to  in  tha  aaaignnant.'  An 
aaaignment  of  a  guaranteed  nota  canriea  with  it 
the  guarantee  ;•  and  tha  aa*igttR^ent  of  a  debt 
cartiM  with  it,  aa  an  Incident,  a  collateral  ■KMt< 
gage,'  by  which  it  ia  lacured. 

Tbo  propar  tachnicnl  and  oporatlTa 
worda  in  aaaignment  ai*  "  Maign,  tranafet,  and 
act  over  " ;  but  **  give,  grant,  bargain,  and  aall," 
or  any  other  woida  which  ahow  the  inlant  of 
the  paitia*  to  make  a  eomplata  tranifar,  will 
operate  an  aaaignment.' 
••Il  B.  Ifoa.  4ot  I  MMa.  if*t  t  Id.  *m>  I N.  M.  m. 

in.  •.loN.Y.  fei  itAw. 
■■ar.ni   8B«H.*t4.     ■-«Abb.li._  V-l 

3*a :   Roten'a  fr.  arii  i  V«i.  Mi  i   iJ  Hew.  (O.  8.) 

■*;  4MMkf.  itoj  iSai.lkManh.«4Ti.>K' 

*ni  4M.44p;  iSaffc.aM;  J»W- W  • 
l/^fa:  iajeliaa.»si  liBafb-ins  tjAm. 


•■I*  M.^H. 4liV I  iBiiin-. 

u.  Salth,  «ooi  a  Id.  aayi 

Craaeh.  IMS  I 
3*«:   RobM'a 


Sto 


».  n;  I'-^H:  i»Jah«*.»$i  iiBaifc.|»is  ij*i 

eftr.is  \^J^-  gLiwaf&fi.tA 


Y. 

if 


AMinNMINT. 


HI   for    lk«   iMifiiiiicitl, 
iM  of  KctiiMi  •n«)r  K<"'  " 
i<i  th«  <iun««  will  h«vi'  u 
h  h«  wtr«  an  WHlgnrr  l.ir 
net  o(   •»liUnt«   til  ihf 
irmimcd  iha  Malgnniriii 
nil<l«rmit<wi.*     Fr<»i>l  ..f  4 
t  It  only  nacmaary  i<> !« 
ti  Ml  up,  which,  unlro 
rchaaar   fu«  valua,  wnuM 
larc  iha  ot  jcct  U  io  iifuvt 
piiBcnt  ia  Ji  mr.«  i)h«m  • 
ig,  Ibi9  aaaigninrnt  it  »\ 
Tor  valda  r«t«tv«il,  ih* 
recalvad  ti  Immatarial.' 
nacaasary  to  affect   « 
action.     Any  tranaaction 
Of  partlaa  which  Indicate* 
•a  tha  banaflcial  lnt«r«it 
om  ona  to  Iha  other,  it 
oaa  1  a  dabi  or  claim  may 
I*  well  aa  bjr  writing.* 
nam.     An  aialgnatant  it 
mca  of  tha  payaa  of  th« 
lad  indonad  (at  dalivered 
for  a  valttabia  conildcra' 
(jUintlff,  and  that  b«  hat 
Kite  whan   tworn.'    The 
kiniiff,  on  Iha  trial,  of  an 
If,  after  dua  proof  of  tht 
tha  Maignor.  it  tufficient 
f  of  luch  aaaignmcnt,'  and 
on  tha  day  it  beara  date.' 
very  ataignment  of  an  in- 
nagotlabla,  tha  aaaignce 
at  ina  InairuiaanI  b  vali4 
I  to  pay  It  {*  and  that  there 
I  ill  coUaction,  arteinf  o* 
«  with  tha  original  trant- 
party  waa   compatan^  la 
he  amount  la  unpaid.* 
MatfffMd  it  oairiMwith 
lecurttiM  bald  by  tha  at- 
lon,  although  thay  an  not 
Ituinthaaaaigiunaiit'  An 
rantaad  nota  caniaa  with  il 
tha  aaaignncant  of  a  dafat 
incident,  a  collatanl  mort' 
•acurad. 

Ehnl«ad  arid  opanttiTa 
It  are  "  aaaign,  tranafaiv  and 
I,  grant,  ba^n,  and  aall," 
vhlch  ahow  tha  intent  of 
a  oooiplata  tiaaafir,  will 

a.  ita:  •  M.  awt  •  N.  H.  41;- 
■  17K  .4'**  Bai*2.i^    r^t  S. 

10:  I  larb.  4*15  «  W.  Mil  • 
ilnt.M)  iJ"a»fc.IT«»iJ**- 
it4.    x-)lCa8.*w.  /-aaM.T. 

i:«4a.VaeN.Y!Mr«-iaM. 
CaB*r(K«aWU.)B.TC  to. 


Ii  4M.~eaai  at  Bark.  ilVr  M 
t4.     ■-■Abb.li.     V-1 


'n*  tMMiUl  r«|HlW)in  >•!  •■  •MlgHiiimi  ere  I 

I  TH«  pfKfr  «w.hni.*l  tiki  a|Mf«<i««  veril  of 
tiaignmtn),  or  itwir  MuKal'iii 

i  IH*  aMi.rt^i.111  uT  ih«  fruftny  ot  iklna  MalaMHl 
iM  ilwi  «  •inMgtr  «i*)r  hitu«  mmI  dftdnaultk  il  vlUttHil 
Jilll>u!i)rl 

1  Ih*  <.un<lli|iiM,  tlmliailniM,  nMrliiuHM,  It*  ,  lai' 
^».J   with  iiitM,  maiiiMr,  •«  ,  irf  |MclbfMiiiMa,  If  tny. 

I    IIm  i>en.<iu,a  III  iha  •••ignur 

wh«ii  *n  >Ml(nin«nl  U  mail*  un  cciullU-ifw.  »(lK  llm 
ilailuiM,  NaiilUKin*.  alii  ,  and  Ik*  tMit>i<»  iliwa  mil 
vtnl  M  laaci  'uniral  u/  (k«  prufMnr  •>'  '"'••a  •••la»«i 
lK«  haxaa  (Ivan  iha  aulanaa  p.iaMaal<in),  hm  i  mi  lla«a 
II  raciiftlad  ur  n«i«iaia<r  In  'ka  |riu|Hir  iiMii,  aa  if  li 
■fit  ■  mt'tiMfa  un  tha  iiLifwrlir  ur  ihinu  aHiapail 
Ami  wh»n  all  ih«  ciMxIliloiia  an  «ain|tlia3  •iM,  ke 
■li"ul'l  aniar  lailtCtcUun  an  Iha  ra«o«d,or  give  •  raedM 
lu  ihai  ttbcl. 


Aanl«aina4Mt»-«lMip|« 

(Mati  »*»/)  la  ■.  r. 

r 


I  aaeiga  (ifai 
[>ala«,  — , 


inttlktr. 


A.B. 


& 
I  hereby  aaatf  a  and  tm%  over  la  B.  r.  ika  Aillaw- 

ina  arMalea,  vtf.  {.mmmlng  tUm) 
Dated, (%«rf)  A.  m. 

I  hereby  aaatf  n.tranafar  and  m«  aver  unta  ■. 

■L'  •!' .?'  f'"*  •"*  !»«•'••«  •"  and  rlghia  andur 
the  fellawinf  («r  (rlikln)  {tl»t»  tuM). 

»•••<. •  (J*~*J  A.  B. 

■jfuWA/r 

On  aaeauat  af  (j««m  twU/)  1  aaatea  (, 
ta  B.  r,  " 

Oriad.— is  (%a<^)         A.  •, 


lived  I 


aaalga,  ata.  (««a#fiv  uAa«) 
(%a«tf)         A.  •. 


ror  valua  raeei' 
te  B.  r. 
Dated, . 

In  eeaalderaliaa  af  {*t»*im»mt)  I  aaaiga.  ate. 
[tloUng  what). 

Dated, .  (-SiTM^)         A.  & 

Amttk**;  wUh  C-nMUn: 

Whan  Ike  tttlgnat  kaa  aoMittlwi  of  ike  property  •«■ 
Mtntd,  ikM  aMinaMM.  loke  of  «*ci,  tbeuld  bo  ncimlad 
m  the  ptnpoy  oAce. 

I(«r  va,fMiviMiMMyaM{nMr  tr  •uigmri,  if 
itilrtd )  karaby  aaalga,  irenahr  aad  aai  aver  unia 
I.  P.,  a«a.  (MiMeci  10  the  aemiltkMH Jer  Mipuialtoml 
ktrtiacMMJaairialltha  feUawlag  daaartbadaraa- 
•rty,  via.  {dttirUim  H).  ■r'    w   r 

la  eanaMaraManlharaaf  aaM  B.  V.  kaa  daMvarad 
(rr  paid,  timtt  wisli. 

That  aaM  B.  fUSSSl^  ar  baibra  tka  —  day 

•'.r—.dal|var(#r  Bay,  f*rt»  ■»»•/).  ^ 

Tt  -ntdiyrevM^aballaatpaaaltaMklapoa- 
***'■■'■  •.^,^«'««»»»  vaal  to  kim  uatU  ha>M 
«a<^  at  «l  daHvary  ar  ainr«aat.  ata. .  aa  U Jarala 
tpecutii.  CSinm4)         A.  !.,£». 

*"^llf*  /Vtwr  •  Atfrmtf. 

la  caaaldaraltaa  af  tha  aum  af-—  daUara  (ike 

-tctlpt  </ wfciek  It  byeby  aeliiwmMyd) I  daberaby 

ttalcn.traaahr  aad  aai  aver  talT r.rof — ),aA 

m^^ht,  titia  aad  iataraat  la  aad  ta  (i#r>  i**rV«« 

(And  I  da  baraby  aaaaUtuta  taid  B.  F.  my  al> 
'![|^''  "i  "r  ■•■•  •**  •tbarwiaa,  but  at  hia  awa 
coMa  and  dwrgaa.  ta  take  all  legal  maaauraa 

w^^.y|5rsnLi,tk.a^jj^^ 

Kaatw  aTmaa  by  ttaaa  waaaBtai 

Thatt.iba  uaderalgnad.  Aw  valua  raealvad,  da 

Ta kava  S «a  kali~2a  aamalbravar, karaby 
tppoiaBwg  aad  aaaa«<*atlag  aald  aaaigaaa  ~ 
''uaaad^MrMMlanMyt»-->-Nama    .atoaa    . 


amrrwNirrnr 

I  aaalan  1  iranafar  tmi  mi  over) 

R>r««i^ii|i  written  nate  tt 

ilkor  with  all  ni|r  iiiu  and 


I'fmtr,  Mr. 


doffland,  eve  fti-.  attaek,  levy,  recavar.  aad  re- 
««i«a  all  «u«k  aitm  and  aumo  at  m^nty,  tvkUk 
are  now  ar  may  koraaflar  bavama  ewlna  and 
payabia  for  nt  an  aanouni  of  all  ar  any  of  tka  aa- 
launia,  duaa,  dabla.  damanda,  |u4(mania,  riahia, 
aredlla.  end  (kaaao.  ak« 'a  aMIanad.  aivinH  and 
■raatlaa  xnla  tha  aald  ailarnay  full  powar  la  da 
and  parrarm  all  and  every  aal  and  ihlna  whaia*. 
aver  re^ulelle  and  naaaaaary .  aa  fully  i«  all  Inlania 

preaani,  with  full  Mwar  ef  tubaiiiullan  and  ta»- 
aaallan,  kereby  ratlfyln',  and  «onHrmiiia  all  ikal 
Ika  aald  altarnay  ar  kia  aubaiiiuia  thalllawlully 
da  ar  aaitaa  la  be  dana  by  vinua  karaaf.  ' 

In  wlineee  wkeroaf,  I  kava  karaunte  eat  mv 
hand  ikle  —  day  af  — ,  A.  D.  — .  ' 

I  H'Hntit  )  f^  g^ 

Aaal««Mfni-««aaml  rami.  ' 

Wt  value  reeelved,  I  aaati 

Ike  ivllhin,  ahnva,   »i    ibrai 

ttt*r  tmirmmtrnt).  Ic^alkar  _ ,   ,., 

laterael  la  aad  rlgt^Et  under  Ike  aame,  la  K   f 

Aaal«nnBMil-««Narai  r* 

/VrtMM/  rrw^tf,  if  ktj0-t*mtml  witJk 

Kaew  all  men  by  ikeae  araecnia 

Tkat  Ike  uaderalgne^.  A.  B..  In  eanaldarailen 
af  — -  dallara,  la  me  paid  by  B.  F . .  kava  aaalanad, 
iraaefbrred  and  eel  aver  unta  aald  B,  r.  all  my 
lilla  aad  lalereel  In  and  rlgkla  under  Ike  wlikin' 
written  Inetrumeni,  and  every  clauae,  arilcle  aad 
thing  Ikerela  eaalalned. 

That  I  kereby  appalaiand  eanailiute  eald  B.  9, 
my  aiioraey,  In  my  nama.  place  er  Head,  ar 
ether wlae.ta  kla  awn  uea  10  lake  all  laaal  meaa- 
urae  wkiek  may  aa  preper  for  Ike  temaleie  re- 
"•.!S7  f."*  •*!•/»■•••  •'  the  aaelgaed  piemiea, 
witk  Ml  pawer  af  eubetltutiaa^ 

In  wlineaa,  eta. 

_^,        fSJliHf  tmStSXS^'Aiku/Sd'^ 

Tkia  aaalgnmaat,  made  tkia  dayaf- 

wlineeaeth  1 

.  f***..^'  ■■  <•' !•  '■  aanalderatlen  af dal- 
lara, like  raeelpt  af  wkiek  la  kereby  acknowl- 
edged |  aaMgaa.  iranafira  and  aeu  over  ta  B.  P. 
'?' "T"i.L*!'V."**""?."'i  •dminleiratare  and  aa- 
algnal  all  kta  Mile  and  laieraai  In  and  rtgkia  under, 
aoeaunw,  debta,  demaada,  goada,  merekandlaa, 
nataa,  waraa,  ata.,  ale.  {aatnUng  i»  /*•  m»imr,  J 
t^  ^^^trftfJtk»4aki)%tH  tertk  In  tka  eckadulea 
(parked  A,  I,  C.aM.)  attaakad  ta  aad  made  a  part 
af  tkia  aaalgamaat. 

Tkat  aaldA.  B.  gtvea  aald  B.  r.  |kla  eaeenlara, 
admlalatratara  aad  aaaigaaj  tha  fUll  power  ta 
aab,  demand,  ealleci,  reeelva,  raaeipt  for,  eom- 

luad,  aad  give  ae«ui< — "^    - 

III  ai 


tbarafara. ' •"**'" 

^van  uadar  my  band  (and  teal)  (at \  the  day 

aad  year  irat  abava  written.  A.  a 


'tbeaepreaentai 
-hto  caaaMeratian 


AnaigniiMai 

«aaw  all  meiMMP  tbei 
kat  I.  A.  a.  (pf.  --),  to  caaaMeratian  af  — 
<•««•. jMraaaipt  af  wkiek  to  kereby  achnewK 
adgad,  4m  karaby  aaaiga.  traaafbr  and  aat  aver 
uata  B.  P.  (of——)  (kia  aaecuion,  adalniiiraion  and 
oiaigM,  and  10  kla  and  ikair  own  proper  am  and  bane- 
ai),aUmytlUa  aad  laiareej  ta  aad  rigkta  under 
aay  aad  all  aum  ar  auma  af  maney  aaw  due  or  ta 


luad  aad  aaault  i  aad  ia  my  aame  or  otkerwiee 
iaaUtula,  pTaaaauta  aad  withdraw  aay  aeUan 
at  tow.  araulto  ia  acuity  tharafbra. 

Aanto«iMto«-A«lia*«IMgMMa(. 

The  aiaAor  any  la  aay  eoae  acknowiedie  hit  aa- 

tigamaat  he^MC  a  ooaiiietaM  odker,  trhaee«tnidcale 

•keuMba  Indonad  oa  or  aiia:hod  la  Ike  atalanoMM. 

Such  aekaowitdiaiaM  will  aanda  ihs  mtamiiM  to  ba 

ta  avidenaa  wuhaui  praaf  af  m  eaecadea. 


•il 


AMtONMINT. 


«u^    rMt<fmufAiiii>i>«i.aM>«aitr.Ma(kal»il«,«iiM 


/kpfntni 


Ninth  i«nHt»«,  m  lh«  ab 


«in«*  »t  •  «i«li»l«  •ll"»i"g  '< 

.iiy«r  wwk  an  u«l||»Hi«ni  ili 

Kit  M«  !»«••».  •!«»>  lh«  ...»»•"•   "'  ••'   "ha   |>.i»ll*>  ami 

hi*  nvit,  K  «HI  M  t.iMi*itw«i|  M  «  cuHIIMattua  uf  lh«  uM 

fnaw  all  man  ky  Ihw*  (r««finW  i 
hal  I  ilh*«llhm  lomml.  A    ■.  !•>( 1,  M  «•)<•• 

r«<«lv«4,  iMicky  •••iin.  ir*n*r«r,  an^  ••<  awr  Iha 
within  In4ai«tuta  anJ  aM»»»nll«a  ikaraln  nam«4 
unia  ■.  I'.  In'  -  —'.  !<••  aiacuMf*,  a<lmlnl*«ra«ara, 
an4  aaalfna.  far  Iha  raaidua  al  «h«  latm  wllhin 
•tanllunaii ,  h*  and  lh«y  larforming  all  an4 
ainaular  iha  coonani*  iha'at.i  conlalnad,  on  my 
pa><  111  ba  ktpi  and  patfarmaa.and  IndamnKyIng 
ma  far  <h«  aamt. 
In  witnaaa,  a«t.  (.<(»«M/«r#i  V^  #/V  m«rt*r, 

f»rtnt  fir  4»»Ktmm,  ^r^mthtam4  ■#»  aMt^^r.) 
AMic«iM««t    Mil  nr  «•!•. 


Knew  all  man  bv  thaaa  praaanta 

"■       "   ~    fcy  hi"  <f     

d  i«a  iha  —  day  <>' 


Thai  A.*.,  by  hh 


(laad  and  Mil  af  aala,  kadrlng 
,  and  wblih  la  haraunia 

maldarallon  i..' >  Iharaln 


•  unavad.dld  for  iha        --   . 

atwaaaad,  bargain.  %^\\.  and  dallvar  t  ^  aald  C   D 

ina  hauaahald  gea*!*,  Implamanu,  and  utanalla  In 

and  abaut  hta  d walling  hauaa  al  ~~,  •  achadula 

af  whiah  la  aiuahad  lo  a«M  Mil  af  aala  hafaunta 

annaaad. 

That  aald  C     D  .  for  a  conaldaralton  at  

Jjllara.  daaa  by  lh«aa  praaanta  bargain,  aall,  aa- 
atfn.  and  aal  ovrr  lu  fe.  P  all  and  tvary  aald 
gao<la,  Imolamanu,  and  utanrll*  which  ara  in 
a<tld  bill  afaala  and  achadula  ani.aaad  manllonad, 
tit  ha«a  and  la  hold  tha  aama  (aravar. 

And  aald  C.  D.  daaa  haraby  covanaal  thai  aahl 
%ao4a,  Implamania,  ate.,  ara,  ate. 

In  witnaaa,  ale. 

AMl««M««('-mil  •immim. 

Know  all  man  by  Ihaaa  praaanta  i 

That  I.  tha  wllhlnnama4  A.  B.,lP  conaldars* 

llan  af  ina  aum  ••f dallara  (ih«  rMtlpi  uf  which 

I*  haraby  acknowlwlgait)  do  by  thaaa  praaanM  grant, 
aaatgn,  tranafar,  and  aat  ovar  unt«  ■.  9.  tha  with- 
In-wrltlan  Wll  afaala,  and  all  my  Utia  Mid  kilaraal 
In  and  right*  undar  tha  aitm  i.  nrd  In  tha  ona  full 
and  a^uiil  atataanlh  p«rt  of  tha  within  daaaribad 
and  manllonad  vaaaal,  V,  lagHbar  with  all  har 
anahora,  apparal,  koala,  avWaa,  fternllura,  gun- 


Bowdar,  maau,  munlllona,  'e-«aa,aatla,  anM-yarda, 
■h«l,  tnahla,  and  all  olhar  aapurlananaaa  within 
granlad  and  t*  aald  vaaaal  balona Inc.  To  hav* 
and  to  hold  tha  aama  uatu  himaall,  hia  hair*  and 


laalgn- 

Tnat  I  do  covanaal,  ^omiaa,  and  aar 


a^d  aiataaalh  part  of  <ald  vaaaal,  witi  tha  ap- 
purtananaaa,  ara  and  ahall  ramala  firo*  and  claar 
of  all  dabta  and  anajmbraneaa  whataoavor  by  or 
through  my  maana,  aoaaaat,  ar  proaiwowaat. 

In  witnaaa,  at«. 

AaMl«NaM«A-mil  Ar  Hal*. 
P»rt  1^  »  Vntl. 

Know  all  man  by  tbaaa  praaanta  i 

rbat  I.  tb*  wtthin-namad  A.  ■.,  la  aaaaldara- 

f'oN  of  tha  aum  of dollar*,  tha  roaaipt  of 

whIah  la  haraby  acbnowladaad,  do  haraby  aaatgn, 
tranafar,  and  aat  ovar  t*  B.  F.  tha  wlthla-^rlltoa 
bill  of  aala  af  ana  full  and  a^ual  alalh  part  4  f  Iha 
wilhin-manllonad  ataaiaar,  "Cantiiry,"  aad  all 
hat  anchoro,  apparal,  baata,  aablaa,  (tarnttiira, 
ma»tt,  munlHana,  aara,  aalla.  taahia,  yarda.aM 
all  Bopurtanancaa  tharaaata  Wionglng,  and  all 
my  tiiM  and  laiaraat  In  and  rights  undar  aald  MH 
afaala,  t*  hava  aad  to  bold  Iha  aama  foravar. 

That  I, Iha  aald  A.  B.,d*  haraby  for  myaalf.  My 
halra,  aaoeuiora,  and  admlnlatrataia,  aovaaaM 
and  agraa  with  aald  B.  r.  thai  aald  ona^nth 
part  or  aald  ataamar,  wfth  Iha  apoartaMMaaa.  ara 
now,  and  ahail  contlnua  unto  aald  B.  F.,  hi*  hair* 
and  aaalgna,  fNa  and  claar  of  all  dtbta  and  ancuai- 
branaaa  whalaoavar  mada  or  aullbrad  by  ma,  or 

W-$  Kan.  «Jj :  4  T.  R .  jyj ;  Dooti.  »o :  3  IC«J>.  S»» : 
iaMMi.  }m:  li  Ala.  N.  ^  :  9k  BuX.  4if  sOoagl. 
|»l4T.mrin»  if/afcai.  lui  tCow.  yts:  aB*a.«». 


any  aihar  po«aaa  whataaavir,  by  at  lllraugh  lay 
tuiiaani,  maana,  ar  prtnuramanl. 
In  witnaaa,  at*. 

AaatgnMa«Ml    Waw<. 

?naw  all  man  by  thaaa  praaanta 
hat  I,  A   M  ,tha  unalaralgnad,  lo  •  unatdarall** 
af  Iha  aum  nf  iltillaia   Ina  raaalpt  a'  whuh  la 

haraby  a«bna«*la<t«a4,  d*  by  thaaa  txaaama  «• 
unta  C    *'     "■ 


I      I,  aall,  and  Iranafa 
•a.nlniatraiara,  and 


U  .  hIa  aaa«ul-ttt. 
aartaln   wriiirn 


Igna 
band  ar  abllgattan.  and  iha  aandlllona  Ihataar, 

baaring  data  Iha     -   day  af ,  A.  D.    -—.  aaa- 

culad  by  B  P  and  W  hIa  wito,  in  aald  A  M  , 
•  nd  all  Iha  aum  and  auma  af  manay  dua  and  \i> 
■  raw  dua  Iharton  lugalhar  wllh  all  my  lllla  and 
Inlaraal  In  and  rlgnia  undar  Iha  aan<> 

In  witnaaa  wharaaf.  I  hava  haraunta  aat  my 
hand  Ihia  —  day  af .  A.  D.  .  A.  ■ 


AaalgrMMt#«l 


MatoMl. 


Par  valua  raaalvad  I  do  harabv  aaaign,  tranafar. 
and  aal  ovar  lo  K.  P  Iha  within  oMIgallan,  and 
all  monaya  dua  and  to  bacoma  d>ia  tharaon. 

In  caaa  tha  aama  aannal  b«  racovarad  af  Iha 
within  nama4l  C  O  .  I  agraa  and  oromlaa  to  pay 
to  aald  K  P  tha  amount  Iharaor,  logathar  with 
all  nacaaaary  and  raaaonabia  chargaa  tharaupon 
accruing. 

Wlindaa  my  haad,  ata.  A.  B- 

( WUntun) 

Am*tk*r. 

Per  valua  raealvad  I  haraby  aaaign,  tranafcr, 
and  aal  uv* r  to  R.  P  tha  within  obligation,  hara- 
by gti4r«niaalng  payment  thaiaof.  A.  ■• 

( Hv/«#t«r>) 

Aaalgr«M«iii— llMMli 

Afitntr  mM  I*  it  ImtU 

rof  valua  raealvad  I  haraby  aaalad,  tranafar. 
and  aat  ovar  lo  B.  P.  Iha  wllhln  obligalla*,  and 
all  monaya  dua  kihI  '■>  baoimx  •lu>i  tharaon.  All 
hlluia  or  racovary,  llabllltlaa,  loaaaa  wholly  at 
tha  riah  af  aald  B.  P..  without  raceurea  In  any 
•vant  upon  ma.  A.  B. 

AMl«tiaMlit-BMMl. 

CaamMM/  4/  aMMiar  ^m* ;  Pmutr  It  lut,  itt. 
Know  all  man  by  thaaa  praaanta  1 
Thai  I,  A.  B.,  In  conatdarallan  of  — ,  haraby 


ilgn,  tranafar,  and  aat  avar  unta  B.  P.  a  aartaln 
iitan  bond  or  obligation,  and  tka  aaodltloa 

Hraof,  boarlaa  data  Ika  —  day  •! .    Baa- 

lad  by  crorTe  ma  Iba  aald  A.  i. 


wriit 

Iharaof, 

auiad  by  I 

That  I  Hbv*  goad  right  to  aaaign  aald  band. 

That  thara  la  a«w  dua  iharaan,  aaaerdlng  la  tha 

condition  Iharaof, dollara,  principal,  and 

dollar*,  inlaraal. 

That  aald  B.  P.  la  haraby  authortaad  and  am- 
powarad  at  hIa  uwa  caaia,  and  lor  bla  own  uaa 
*'    in   a*b,  collaal,  damait^,  r*aaiv«, 


can*«l,  campoi.   d,  ilacharga,  and  g|vn  aa^uiv 
taaaaa  Ibr  tka  aama  ar  any  part  iktiroof. 
In  witnaaa  wharaaf,  ota. 

AaMVNHMMt-BMMl,  •«•. 

CraviMiarr,  Gm»ntm4f>.  flmtr  f  Sm*.  Ht. 

Know  all  man  by  thaaa  praaanta  1 

That  &  D.  (of ).  In  and  by  a  cariain  b*«4  ar 

obll,  ttlon,  baaring  data  Ika  day  of ,  bo- 

cama  bound  to  tha  uadaralf  nad  A.  B.  (of ),  In 

tha  aum  of doUara,  with  ' 

daj^of ,  laal  paal. 


Intaraal,  en  th*  — — 


That  thara  ramalna  dna  aald  A.  B.  of  tha  princi- 
pal and  laiaraat  an  aald  kond  or  obUgalian  tha 
aum  of  —  dollara. 

That  In  coniMorallott  af  — —  doUara  (iha  raealpi 
of  which  I*  hereby  acknowledged)  aald  A.  B.  daaa  by 
thaaa  proaaol*  aall,  asalcn,  tranafa/,  and  •*!  ovar 

to  B.  P.  'of ),  aald  band  or  obHgallan,  and  all 

hla  mia  and  intaraat  la  and  righia  undar  tha  aama, 
and  all  auma  af  manay  daa  ar  to  grew  dim  tkaro- 
on.  Bublaci,  bowavar,  la  all  tha  eondlttoo* 
tharaaf. 

That  tkara  la  naw  dua  on  onld  kond  or  okUga- 
tlon ,  acaordlng  to  Iho  eoadtllon  iharaof,  principal, 

dollar*,  and  IntnroM, daltara  («r  la*ar*M 

tnm  the  — —  day  of—). 

That  aald  A.  B.  harahy  giarantaa*  tka  payiaaM 
(#r*attMli«a,«reailaiwMUiy/Pfr 


■••  pttMnl* 

l«t«tan«4.  t'<  >  a««l4mi)l«« 

•ra.  in*  p»««ipi  if  whith  i« 

iMitfna,  •  ••((•m  wtiiian 
n4  Th«  tandltlan*  ih«f<«>, 
lay  «f  ,  A   O  ,  ••• 

f    hU  wita.  i»  Ml4  A    H  . 

•  urn*  af  moiKT  'u*  anil  >•^ 

•  lh*t  <*liti  all    xy  IMIa  and 

t,  I  liav«  ll«r«unl*  ••«  my 

—.*.  D. .  A.  ■. 


AMIONMtNT 


.  /^  <•<  /m>I// 

ila  hcrab*  aaatflH,  (ranafcr. 
(h«  wlihin  •iblliaiUn,  ana 
lM«om«  •!'<•  ihtrtan. 
•  nno(  b«  r*<<iv(f*4  af  Ih* 
agra*  and  ornmlu  la  pay 
Kill  lli«f«ur,  logalhar  wlin 
Miiabla  chatgaa  tharaupan 

ta.  A.  ■. 

I  haraby  aaaifn,  tranafar, 
ha  wlihtn  abligallan,  haia- 
lani  Ihafaaf.  iL.  B. 


I  haraby  aaalgw,  Iranafar. 
Iha  wlihin  obngailaa,  an4 
III  baoiino  ilu«i  Ibaraon.  All 
UMIIIIaa,  loaaaa  whally  at 
.,  wKImuI  raaatwaa  la  any 

IMrti  b"™"  ■BaMgag « 

il  4iu ;  ^tm/»r  t»  tmt,  Ht. 

aaa  praaaata  i 

naUafallan  of  — ,  haraby 

lat  avar  unto  C.  f.  a  aartain 

laallea,  aa4  tka  aaiMlllloa 

tta — 4a«*f .    Baa- 

Iba  aaM  A.  tf. 
|hi  w  aaaiga  aaM  baM. 
ta  ibaraen,  aaaar^tng  M  tha 
■  dollara,  piriaalpal,  aad 

liaraby  authorlaa4  aa4  am- 
coata,  aD4  lar  hta  awn  uaa 
caliact,   damans,  raaatva, 

hMbarga,  an4  «|va  aantiit* 

r  aay  put  ilwrraaf. 


ttmty,  Prmtr  l»  Sm*,  tt€. 

«aa  iKaaanta  i 

la  an4  by  •  cartain 

ata  tba 4ayaf 

i4«raifnad  A.  ■■  (of ),  in 

«,  witn  intaraat,  an  tha 

dita  tald  A.  B.  af  tha  prtncl- 
■ald  band  or  abUgaUan  tba 

>■  af  —  detlafa  (ika  rcealpi 
awMgad)  aald  A.  B.  deaa  by 
lalflD.  tranafb/,  and  aat  avar 
band  ar  obHgatlan,  and  all 
*  and  rifbia  undar  tha  aama, 
y  daa  ar  ta  grow  daa  tbara- 
rar,  ta  all  tba  aandltloaa 

laa  an  aald  bond  ar  ebllga- 

coadHlen  tbaraaf,  pri»*.lp«l, 

vaat,  —  daliara  (ar  Iptaraai 

-) 

ib«  ft  «r««iMaB  Iba  fajraiaM 

aWwi^vf  aaMaui. 


That  aaid  A  B  h«a  aat  'aaalvad.  and  afcall  nai 
raaawa  paymani  af  any  af  Iha  auma  aaturad  la 
ka  paid  a*  payabia  by  aai4  b«n4  af  abltgailan 
lU'lag  «»l   aax^llng      ,1^,   uJktl    ■■    ■'•     -      ■ 

<(  ahi  " 


laH   nat  ralaaaa,   aanaal  a 


,,   SI    Wiaana'ga  ika 

•aina  «.  any  pai  k  ihataar,  ar  4a,  ar  patmll  knaw- 
iiialy.  any  ail  uf  ihmg  la  hln4af  aatd  B.  f  rroNI 
><iila%iing  ar  anlu<<,irig  iha  aama 

^\V.*?"1*  ?   '•'••'•braBpatBlad.auihaiHad, 
<analllula4  an4   ampuwarad   my  Irua  and  lawful 
•  Marnay,  irravaaabla.  wiih  full  t>awar   «f  aubalt 
tiillan  aA4  ravu«,ailnri.  far  ma  an4  In  my  nan  •   or 
oiharwiaa,  an4  tor  bia  a<ila  uaa  an4  banaAl  |«  ,«k 
•Umand,  anfarr.a   an.l    pa«alva  uf  aal4  C    t)   tha 
in,.May  4ua  ar  la  g...w  4ua  an  aald  b<in4  or  abll 
gailiin.  and  on  nun  pavman|i<>   ...m  |Hirl..iitiiiua| 
iharauf  la  aua   far,  aiir>itca,  raac      t   and  raailva 
Iha  aama,  and  an  aailafailian  II      aaf  la  aanaal 
■  n<l  4all>ar  up  aald  bnnd  ar  abligallan,  and  giva 
iho  cuaiamary  or    na«aaaary  aaaulllanaaa.  dla- 
ihargaa  or  ralaaaaa  Iharaaf. 

In  wiinaaa  wharaar  aia. 

Aa«l|innaa>M«    n««dl. 

Knaw  all  man  by  ihaaa  praaania  i 

Thai  I, Iha  wlihin  namad  A   B,  In  aanaldara- 
lion  of  Iha  aum  nf  dollaia,  la  ma  paid,  tha 

lacalpl  of  which  la  haraby  acknuwiadgad,  do  by 
Ihaaa  praaania  aaalfn.  cunvay  and  aal  uvar  Iha 
wllhlnwrliiaii  band  .ir  obllaatlan,  and  Iha  aum 
iif  -  dollara  mantlonad  In  iha  ronditlona  Ihara 
jf,  and  all  my  iltia  and  Intaraat  In  and  righia 
andar  Iha  aama  unlo  B  r.  ihia  htir.,  ....u'.r. 
•.i..ii....ii..i-.ri  a.i.l  jMlgnai,  aubjact  navarthalaaa  la 
Iha  (sndlilana  Iharasf. 

„/-.V  '  ''!•*''?  •"•»•»"••  ••'"'  ■  F..  In  my  nama 
or  alharwlaa.  to  damand,  aua  for.  raaovar  and 
anjoy  Mid  aum  of  --  -  daliara  and  Intaraat,  to  hia 
awn  uaa  abaolutaly  faravar. 
In  witnaaa,  a««. 

Know  all  man  by  Ihaaa  praaania  i 
.J-A'  'j  "I*  •"^'n  namad  A    B..  fer  valut  ra- 
(alvad.  da  harabv  aaalgn.  iranafar,  and  aat  ovar 
unto  B.  r.  Iha  within  wriitan  b«nd  or  obligation 
•"i  •'•  ••f"'*  »f  monay  payabia  by  virtua  Iharaol. 

That  I  do  haraby  oonailtula  aald  B.  t.  my  Uwful 
•llornay,  Irravocabla.  ta  damand,  aua  for.  /acovar, 

banaAi  '      "**         *•""         *"•  "'•  "^  •"•' 

That  la  aaaa  af  my  daail  bafora  ffi*  rama  ahall 
?M  22?1?*a'![*.1  ""'  '•«•'  'apraaontalWaa  ahall 
\^2^Jt'  '  '^"  '•'*•'  "  "waaald,  to  rtcovar 
and  uaa  tba  aama. 

In  witnaaa,  ata. 

AMlMMoat^-  BmmI. 

Knaw  all  man  by  ihaaa  praaanu ' 

That|,tha  undaralgnad.A.  B.,ln  conaidaration 
"'  '*•  •>•'"  »f  , — -daliara (Iha  ratalpi  of  which  la 
haraby  acknuwiadgad  I,  do  haraby  aaaTgn,  Iranafar 
•nd  aal  aw  lanlo  B.  r.  (hIa  hain,  a»acui»ra.  admin- 
Itiraiora  and  aaaignalall  ray  litla  and  Intaraat  In  and 
right  undar  a  oarlain  bond  or  obllfaMon,  In  tha 
worda  and  Mguraa  aa  fallewa  Ut^ytng  ike  html  at 
''•Vik).  (ar  a  caruin  bond  or  obligaiion,  baaring  data 

ih*  __  day  of ,  aaaeutad  by  for,  ale.,  wlih 

condllliina,  aic. )  »  ,        , 

Thai  I  authorifa  aald  B.  F.  to  aah,  damand,  aua 
for,  ralaaaa,  raaalpt,  and  acaiilt  for  tha  n*mt,  for 
hIa  aala  uaa  and  banaAl.  In  iha  mannar  r«d>>ad 
by  law.  with  Aill  pawar  of  aubaliluitan. 

In  witnaaa,  au. 

Sr'^*.*"-'"*^  "V  ^*^  praaanu : 

nTIII.««?)'^*  K?  •WlMilon,  undar  hlahand, 

'"  i"*  'K?  "'t— •  *«aring  data  tha day  of 

■ndraclHagtbaraln  Iha  iranafar,  by  blirofaala 

to  C.  O.,  ara  eartaln  irnaaal.  of {ana  bunban 

i.1"?'"  *!L^*  V"  ^haraof  M.  R.  la  maata"  aid 
•II  aMurtaMBcaa  and  Iblnga  to  aald  vaaaal  b«? 
wngrni,  fyao  ftam  all  fbrmar  grania,  cbargaa,  or 
incumBranaaa  whatavar,  witb  eondlUon  fir  tha 

S'*f  'rf  {?*i£"'i**  •nJ'J'iBant  of  aald  vaaaal. 

„2^^U^**y-  ?;V*».'  »b%  eonaldarailon  of 

(Iba  raeai|M  af  which  it  bataby  ackaowUdgadj,  doaa 


all  hia  llila  and  Intaraat  In  and  ,uhu  undar  a^i 
band  ir  ubiiialian  ^    «  anoar  a«.« 

IhaiaaMC  U  daaa  harcby  appoint  maba  and 
nama  aald  K  f  hIa  lawful  aflifnTy,  'iruVamT^ 
pla.a  and  alaad  I.  aak,  damand.  .a'ai,,  .«,"*' 
raaaaar  and  f*i*9»t.  and  a«ituil  aald  «i.ha*ii„n 
lor  hIa  own  and  prupar  uaa,  ampi.iyin,  wh/iiavar 
maana,  ramady,  «r  tun.aa  lu  u  ai  and  whl«h  ha 

.TbliuuiioV*"""' ' """»  "^'  »•*"  •* 

In  witnaaa,  «l«, 

AaalgNManl    rtiAMala. 

aaa  AakMiMMaxi     f „,,    r..  r.«i»,  «ic  ,  balo». 

AaalgEMmont    4  UlMik 

naw  all  man  by  Ihaaa  praaanu  i 

hat  I.  A  B  I..I  I,  in  annaidarallan  af  — . 
daliara  .ih.  „.„,,,  „i  ,h,.h  ,,  ,,.,,,,  „  k„.,,|.,,,„,, 
haraby  aaalgn,  iranafar  and  aal  ovai  lo  B  f  tha 
annaaad  atcuuni  at  monaya  dua  ma  by  C  D  .  And 
ail  auma  of  mona^  dua  and  payabia  by  vidua  of 

Ir-K.^^lTj  •".!  '"  '•'"  "•'•  "»^  '«••'••!  in  and 
righia  undar  Iha  aama. 

That  aald  aaaouni  and  manaya  ahall  ba  far  tha 
aola  and  prapar  uaa  of  aald  il  r.,  wuh».ut  any 
aaaount  lo  ba  givan  for  iha  aama  ' 

Ihat  I  haraby  gIva  and  giant  aald  B.  f  full 
•ulhotlty  and  pawar  la  damand,  ratalva,  aua  for. 
anu  toll«  •  aald  acaounia  and  monaya,  and  ut>on 

Inl"-""  I'         '","  ••»•<'•«•«•  •••  for  lU  aama  or 
any  part  ...^raof, 

^TJT  •  •'•'•by  covinant  and  agraa  to  and  with 
aald  ■  »  ,Kal  iha  aum  of  do"w.  t.  J„,  "y  dua 
and  owing  on  aald  aciount.  and  Ihal  I  hava  not  ra- 
aalvad  or  diachargr  J  Iha  aama  or  any  part  tharaaf. 
In  witnaaa  wharauf.aic.  •  ••■••■■i, 

AaaUnmoN«.-<^«lp»Ci, 

■w/V  «/  Hntl  I'rtftrtf 

8a*  Aaaii.NMBN.     Oaaii,  balow. 

Knaw  all  man  by  thaa*  praaanta  i 

That  1.  Iha  uiidaralgnad.  A  ll..in  canaidaratlan 

or  -—  dullara.  do  haraby  aalt,  Iranafar,  aaalgn. 

and  aat  o.*i  unio  K   F   all  my  tllla  and  Intaraat 

In  and  righit  undar  a  conlraci  baaring  data  Iha 

—  Jay  of .aiacuiad  by  C    U   (tif-  — )toma. 

for  tha  aala  la  ma  of  Ih*  fallowing  daacrlbad  raaj 
aatata.  altuatad  In  ,  ta  wll  (r^  Wwr///Mi, 

That  thin  aaalgnmantla  aubjaet,  navarthalaaa,  la 
'"if  ""*""""•  '"^  «ovanania  iharaln  mantionad 

That  I  haraby  aulhorti*  and  ampowar  aald  B. 
r.,  upon  hIa  parformanca  of  aaid  covanania  and 
t??^?*" rJ'lw  °  *••"•"<•  anforta  and  racalva  af 
««ld  C.  O.  Iha  daad  covanantad  In  aald  conirad 
to  ba  gtvan :  and  all  rallaf  concarning  tha  aama 
to  obtain  In  tha  aama  mannar,  to  all  intanta  and 
purpeaoa  aa  I  myaalf  might  9r  could  da  wara 
Ihaaa  praaanta  noi  aaaculad. 
In  witnaaa,  ata.  a,  ^ 

I  haraby  conaani  to  tha  foragoing  aaalgnmani, 
logathar  with  all  condltiona  and  Tarma  th«raln 
contalnad.  c.  D. 

I,  tha  undaralgaad,  C  In  tha  forfgaing  In- 
atrumani  namad,  haraby  aant  to  tha  aaalgn- 
mem  of  that  part  of  my  ai,  lamant  with  A.IB. 

(of ),  and  agraa  to  maka  and  aaacuta  tha  con- 

vayanca  Iharaln  manlionad  to  aald  B.  P.  upon  tha 
parformanca  of  aaid  agraamant.  c.  O. 

AMlmiu«at-€*»jrrlskl. 

Baa  tllla  CorvaioMT. 

^■•••■■••■•-f»n»«r»llaiii  mrCmmwmmw. 

Know  all  man  by  thaaa  praaanta : 

Thai  "Tha  C.  Y.  Comnany,"  (of )U  g  cor- 
poration organljad  (<r  cxlmlngi  undar  (iha  lawa  of 

tha  Suiaof ,#rAn  Aclnf  the  l.egiil.iiurc<*-r,(n*ral 

Aiaambly  of  iha  Suia  of ,  Appruvad  or    I'aiaad, 

March ,  Entltlad,  ate,  uUiHg  mi  Ikt  litU  af  tki 

Tliai  aald  company,  In  purauanca  of  a  raaolu- 
lion  of  lu  diractora  («r  iruatatai,  paaaad  on  Iba 

——day  of ,and  In  conaldaratlon  of dollara 

\V t»l4taf:  Iha  racelpi  of  which  la  haraby  aeknowl- 
ad(Ml)  haraby  aalia,  tranafara,  aaalgna  and  aau  ovar 


ASSIGNMENT. 


•f 


moto  B.  r.  all  !ta  titl*  and  Intartat  In  antf  richu 
undar  tha  foUowlDi  daacrlbad  proparty,  to  wit : 
'    All  tha  machlnary,  ahafting,  baiting,  flaturaa, 
tamltura,  toola,  pattarna,  dU<,  moulda,  and  thair 
•ccaaaerlaa,  mantlonad  In  achadula"A,"  harauoto 

•nnaxad.  ...  . .  ^      w^a. 

All  atock  ar.d  matarial  of  avary  kind,  whathar 
raw,  manufheturad.  In  procaaa  of  mauuractura, 
or  otharwiaa,  all  waata,  ate,  ate,  mantlanad  in 
aehadula  "  B,''  haraunto  atUchad 

All  offlea  natural,  furnitura,  canvanianeaa,  ate., 
ate.,  mantlonad  In  aehadula  "C,"  haraunto  at- 
tached, ate,  ate.  ... 

That  •  mora  full  and  aeearata  daacriptlon  or 
tha  proparty  hereby  conveyed  may  be  had  by 
reference  to  a  full  and  minute  Inventory  thereof, 

made  on  the day  of ,  and  contained  In  an 

Inventory-book  of  eald  company  (and  delivered  by 
moment  of  partla*  to  one  G.  H), 

(Covenant  of  riithl  to  mU,  value,  etc..  Warranty,  etc., 
teeaM/«and/M<.) 

In  witneaa  whereof,  the  preaidant  and  aecratanr 
of  aald  company  have  iiareunto  aat  thaIr  handa 
and  alBxad  the  aaal  tk'sroof  (at h  thia 


l&a/.] 


FrttUltmt. 
B.  Y.|  Stcrtlmry. 


0.  H. 

1.  K. 

I,  tha  nndaralgned  A.  B.  (of — ).  in  Mnaldara- 
tion  of—  dellara  (the  receipt  of  which  I  hereby  «c- 
knowMge),  do  uaign,  tranafar.  and  aat  over  to 

B.  F.  (or }  a  certain  debt  due  and  owing  ma 

from  C.  D.  (of \  for  (h*r*  $Mi  w*t  iMt  JUl  h 

for),  amountlM  ^ '~~  dellara. 

I  do  hereby  covenant  that  aald  aum  of dol- 

lara  la  Juatly  owing  and  due  to  me ;  that  thara 
ia  no  counter-claim,  croaa-demand,  or  a«t-off 
againat  tha  aame,  «nd  that  tha  aama  ia  not,  nor 
will  be  barred  by  the.  atatuta  of  Umitationa  for 
—  from  the  data  hereof.  And  that  I  have  neither 
dene  nor  ahall  do  anythinc  to  diacharga  or  laaaen 
aald  debt,  or  hinder  eald  B.  P.  or  bia  aaaigna 
from  collecting  the  aame. 

In  witneaa,  ate. 

At  itemrUf,  wUhpfmir,  He. 

Know  all  man  by  theae  proaanta : 

That  A.  B.  (of  — ),  In  conaldemtiMi  of  —, 
now  due  from  him  to  B.  r.(ef — Kand  to  aaeura 
payment  of  the  aame  to  aaid  B.  P.,  do  by  theaa 
praecnta  grant,  aaaign,  tranafar,  and  aat  over  ali 
hia  title  and  interart  in  and  righta  under  •  debt 
due  him  t^em  C.  D.  (of  — ),  for  — — ,  •aaeantlBg 
to doUara. 


That  aaid  A.  B.  doaa  hereby  ettnatitnto  and  ap- 
point aald  B.  P.  hia  attorney  Irrevocable,  In  Ida 
name,  place,  and  ataed,  at  lua  own  ceeta  and  as- 
penee,  to  aak,  demand,  ana  fer,  Neevar,  reool«e« 
receipt  >br,  and  releaae  aald  debt,  far  hia  own  «8a 
and  beneAt. 

Pro'Si-Jed,  nevcrthelaaa,  that  if  a«M  A.  B.,  or 
hia  legal  repreaentativaa,  ahaU  jfKf  or  came  to  be 
paid  aald  aum  of — dellara  due  within  — —  flreafi 
the  data  hereof,  anid  B.  P.,  aa  afareaaid.  Chen  tbie 
aaaignment  and  every  matter  and  thing  herein 
contained  ahall  be  abeelntely  void  and  of  no 
whatever. 

In  witneaa,  etc. 


See  "i4M4r««Mt#— GNtfrarr,' 


'  <fr-.,.«bfr«<. 
i: 


Know  all  mpn  by  Uieee  preaenta : 

That  A.  B.  (of  — >,  the  witblnHMMned  («r  under 
■nwd)  grantee,  and  W.,biewl(b,ln  a«natderalioB 
of  the  earn  of  —  dellara  (the  receipt  of  wfcien  is 
hereby  adototeledged).  hereby  grant,  MfMlii.  eall, 
aaaign,  «ana(ir,  and  eet  over  unte  B.  P.  (ef '— ) 
all  the  withtA  («r  MIowing)  deeertbed  met  er  par- 
cel of  tand  aitiiated  bi ,  to  wit  {imrltii^il\, 

containing ncrea,  more  or  laae,  tegetber  wtfb 

the  appnrtenancee,  to  have  and  to  hold  tbe  eanka 
nnto  Umeelf,  bia  beiM  and  aaatgna  forever. 

IThat  eald  premiaaa  are  tbe  eaaie  thatO.  H.. 

M-'j  Pcnniac. 5>t :  ta  N.^H.  e^o;  ei  Pick,  to, M;  4 
AU.  (N.  S.)  ibT  4  Me.  6t:  e  Ind.  }M:  Tudor  L.  G»m 
u.  IM  BI.  Coaua.  136.  t  Waihb.  R.  Prop.eev.  «• 
Sec  ea  Ala.(N.  S.)«e;  y  Moar  jtr;  ?  Conn.  4«t:  t 
WMhh.  it.  Pnt.  eee.  m.  mj.   dfTbe  -enedyof  die 


by  the  within-written  conveyance  («r  •  c«ev«ytnc« 

boering  dele  ihe  day  of )  conveyed  to  eald 

A.  D.  on  the day  of ,  and  which  la  recorded 

in  ofllce  of  the  ,  in  deed   book,  No.  — , 

page .  J 

That  eald  A.  B.  ehall  and  will  warrant  and  de- 
fend theee  preeenta  agalnet  all  and  every  other 
pereon  or  pereone  whomaover,  lawfully  eralniing 
or  to  claim  the  eame  or  any  part  the.-eof,  by, 
from,  or  under  him. 

In  witneaa  where«f,  etc.  A.  B. 

(mitmttt.)  W.  B. 

For  ionaof  "AcvNOWLBOOMairr."  lee  thai  tide. 

By  Hfir. 

The  uelgnoMnt  of  dower  ie  an  act  by  wliich  the  ihare 
of  a  widow  ill  her  deceeie<:  hutfaaad'i  real  eelele  It  u- 
certalncd  end  act  apart  10  her. 

The  aaaignment  may  be  made  by  the  *Mrir,  or  hii 
■uardian,  ur  the  deviice,  or  other  penon*  in  ineemlon 
of  the  lands  suUecl  to  dower,*  or  it  may  be  made  after 
a  coune  of  Judicial  proceedingi,  where  a  volununr 
aieignnMnl  Is  refiised.  In  this  case  the  assignment  \% 
mad*  by  Ike  sherifl',  who  seta  off  her  share  by  HMM  and 
bounds.*  Tbe  Msitnmeat  shoold  be  made  within  the 
time  limited  by  Uw  aficr  the  death  of  the  husband,  dur- 
ing which  time  the  widow  shall  nuaaia  la  her  husband's 
prineiasl  rosldsnca.*  The  share  of  the  widow  te  usually 
one-third  of  all  the  i«at  estate  of  which  Ihe  husband  has 
been  possMseddttriae  Ihe  marriage :  and  no  writing  or 
delivery  te  laeeesaary  ia  a  valid  asslnuneai,  the  dowcrem 
being  A  aocordii«  to  ibe  view  of  the  hw  of  the  posses- 
sion of  her  husband.*  If  the  guanHan  of  a  aUaor  heir 
atsign  more  than  he  uughl,  the  heir  on  coodag  of  a«i 
may  enforce  an  adiaeaaureatenl  of  dower.* 

Know  all  man  by  tbaae  preaenta  I 

That  A.  B.  waa  In  hta  Ufetlme,  and  at  tbe  time 

of  hie  death,  on  tbe day  of ,  aalsed  In  fee 

of  diveralandaand  tanamenttin (erasMlows: 

tUHritimt  /Afw),  which  upon  bia  deeaMa  da- 
acendad  unw  I.  B.  -....•, 

That  aald  W.  B.  ia  tbe  widow  of  eald  A.  B. 

That  aald  I.  B.  bereby  aaaigna,  endewe,  and 
aeta  ever  unto  eald  W.B.  tbe  third  part  ef  eald 
landa  and  tenementa,  J»  wtt  (*«rr««r  *^«o<«w;. 

That  aald  W.  B.  abaU  b.ve  amS  boMaald  prom- 
laae  during  her  natural  Ufa  aa  dower  and  In  teeam- 
penee  mm  enttofbctlon  of  all  dower  wbleb  aaid 
W.  B.  ought  M  have  In  aald  landa  and  taaemeata. 

In  witneaa  whereof,  eta.  .     .       .1        I.  B. 

For  Ibna  of  "AcKMowtanoMairr."  see  that  Hda. 


Know  an  aaen  by  theae  oroaeata  1 
Tbat  tbe  eaderaf-nad  A.  B.  (of- 


__       _  -)  andW. 

bia  wifb.fbrMd  In  MaaMantieB  ef  tteMwef 

dollan(at  or  beCMa  the  stalii»|  aad^dtihwy  ef 

thtee  prtaenta,  the  receipt  of  which  fc  bei^  a^nnwl- 
edtsdVbaveand  by  tbiiapreeantadeailes,  aaaign, 
bamla,  comrev.  emrf^.  anfi^,  inM*  a^  •« 
0M?,aaiid  trMMObr  Mta  B. P.  (ef \ aV tbMjeer- 


kbaof  jMMwy  and  Jtdy  of  Mcb 
Ibrevwr,  wMMirt  aaydediMMien 
•ad  for  d  that  ewtate  IM  and 
ItiMtad  to  — . Mid  diiwlbidaa 


__     _  -laVtl 

jtta  'yeariy  rent,  cbarge.  wd  aaa  ef  — - 1  ^^^ 
ebar^i^  balfVMrty.  MRriag  and  paj^le  tar 
C  DTfoT---),  biM  beira  MMl  aaaigaa,oii  tbji  tni 

day  of  tbe  nontbaof  Jmii '  '""- 

and  ovary  yoM.  forever, 
fortuMa  ent  of  and  for  1 
tractefgrouBdaltiMtadl-^  . 
follewa,lo  wit  (AsrnMtr  •  4r  • 

tegettiarwMi  all  tba  w 

lagea,  ramedlea,  peMTW « 

*X'*'  '*^^'*^«2rSamuaa?&arjlwLil^ 
SewwSrSwaSS'rataatodwa  tbereef,aiidiStbe 
aetata,  rlgbt,  title,  StMM,  proeartr.  alatoi.  Md 
demand  wbataeevM  ef  tbeaa.  "To  bave  wid  te 
held  tbe  aaaM  tegelberwtik  thdi 


'tbataaldA.B.,forblmaair,blBbelra,i 
and  adaelalatmtaca,  deae  by  tbeee  areMatt  Mva- 
aantand  agree  ta  Mid  with  aaid  KT P.»bto  katra 
widow  when  Ike  heir  or  guardian  rafosae  •»  aiaiga 
dower :  4  Keat  Conm.  «j.  •^  lid.  jj6:  t  H*.  314: 
Co.  Utt.  »,  »:  Pheh.  Kat.  Brev.  i<fi:f>^JHi 
Stat  WestiTe  ((«  Idw.  •.)*.  7:  »  tftabb.  BTKe* 
tea-ejoi  i  KmiCmus.  6j,«p:  aBonv.  Iatt.M.l}4S. 


2^^Si^SS^ 


eenvayaac*  (*r  ■  cMvtytnc* 

ly  of )  convavcd  to  Mid 

,  and  which  m  rtcordtd 

In  daad   booh,  No.  — , 

I  and  will  warrant  and  d«. 

falMt  all  and  avtry  other 

>inMv(r,  lawnilly  claiming 

or  any  part  tbccof,  by, 

ata.  A.  B. 

W.  B. 

LBDOMurr,"  M*  that  tide. 
!«■(— D*«r*r. 

f  Ntir. 

er  la  an  act  by  wliich  th*  (hare 

M<!  hutbaad'i  real  alat*  li  at- 

ihtr. 

ba  mad*  by  tha  htrir,  or  his 

or  olhar  poraont  in  jwiwilon 

i«r«r,*  or  It  may  ba  awda  after 

Doeadlnci,  wker*  a  volunury 

In  ihii  caa*  tha  aMlganoM  ft 

•ata  off  h«r  ahara  by  bmM  and 


at  ihonid  ba  mada  within  the 
tha  diaih  of  tha  hiabaad,  dur- 
rthall  naala  la  bar  huabaad'a 
a  ahaia  of  the  aridow  h  uaually 
itala  of  which  tha  huaband  has 
a  aMrrian :  and  no  wrillag  or 
valid  aaMananni,  ih*  dowcrca* 
Ykw  of  ino  law  of  tha  paaaaa 
r  tha  nardiaa  of  a  aUaor  hdr 
|hi,  tha  hair  on  caada(  of  a^a 
rcaeat  of  dowar.* 
aaasraaaatsi 
la  Umlaia.  m»A  at  tha  tlma 

—  4ay  of ,  aaliad  la  faa 

«manta  In (araa  MIoara : 

ch  OBoa   hi*  docataa  do- 


hawMowefaaldA.  B. 
■abf  aaalKiMt  oadowa.  and 
^  a.  tha  thlr«  part  of  aold 
to  wit  (afrarrMy  tH4  umu). 
U  b'.vo  «u&  hoMaald  prom- 
I  Ufa  aa  dowor  and  In  iwom- 
■  or  aU  dewot  which  aald 
)  aaid  laada  aad  taaaioata. 
ate.  )        I.B. 

owMgod.  and  > 


'aaadMlMa. 


aaa  praaanta  t 
lodXlB.  (oT — 4,  a 
oaatdacatiaa  ar.tMi 


IW. 
tof 


ra  tha  Matica  aad  dallayy  of 
jMofwhickfekai  ' 

M0praaaata4ai  

Ira,  anfaoff,  grant,  aantaet 

toB.V.<or ^)  an  that  oar- 

m  of—-  i 


ikainbya 
«aailM, 


aaattn. 


1(0.  and  MMM  of —  dMwa, 
Ir,  HMnc  and  payaMo.bjr 
ra  aM  aaMcaa,M&««tot 
r  Jannaty  and  Jnfar  of  aneh 
aT^^Mwot  amTdadnatloB 
teriA  Itet  cwMa  M  and 
»d In -—, nM  dajjfUiadaB 

«,  MowMk  rHpMa,  pfhrt< 
at  or  ott»iwiyaaa,^MM  IP; 

4  OM  aftaanim  Oot  joCand 
yrfajtotatlwSotiMjdjatta 
itdfoat,  pr#Mrnf,'tiMM«  nnd 
of  thwk.  To  M«o  «*«  tc 


hlmaair,  Mo  lMira,om««iMto. 


or  gnardiaa — 

Is.  »a  Iiid.  3S6:  I  Me.  JM: 
.  Nat.  Brav.  t^;  niaeh._M4; 
r.  i.)c.  7;  tt/Mhb.R.na» 
63, 4|;  a  Bow.  lait.  (k  1741. 


ASSIGNMENT. 


101 


and  aaaitna,  that  ha  ^111  wan  ant  and  foravar  da- 
fend  thaoa  praaanu  agaio't  hiuia^lf  and  bla  haira 
and  agalnat  all  and  avary  eeraon  and  paraona 
whomaoavar,  lawfully  clalmln(  or  to  claim  tha 
aama  or  any  part  tharaof,  by,  from  or  undar  him, 
tham,  or  any  of  tham. 

In  witnaaa  wharaof,  ate. 

imtmtttn.)  A,  p. 

W,  B. 
Fcr  toru,  of  "AcKNowLiDOMarr,"  aaa  that  till*. 

AaalvHMoat— !■«•■«■■«. 

Baa  AaaiomaaNT— ArmaimcB,  above. 
AJwVr*M«n*-IMton«4L 

CwM r   '  ftr-n. 
w'^T!**"  '?**'^'m:,  t  aaatgn  (iranalar  and  act  over) 
tn*  (Within,  abov*,  or  foragolM)  writtan  nota  («r 
eiher  inatruBMni),  togathar  wltit  aU  my  titia  and 
Intaraat  In  and  rigbta  undar  tha  aama,  to  B.  V. 
(mimtut*.}  (5««Mrf}  A.  & 

AarMMMMt-lwMlTont  D«k««i>. 

Know  an  man  by  Miaao  praaanta : 

That  I,  A.  B..  of ,  am  Indabtod  to  divara 

paraona  and  unablo  to  pay  tha  aavaral  amounu 
of  tho*r  cialma  In  t^ull,  and  daairo  to  convay  all 
my  p^oporty  for  tha  bonoAt  of  nU  my  cradltora, 
without  prafiraaca  or  priority. 

That  in  conaMaraUon  of  tha  pramlaaa,  I  do  by 
thaao  nrooanta  grant,  bargain,  aaU.  aaaign,  tran^ 
far  and  aat  ovar  unto  B.  P..  aU  my  laoda,  tena- 
manta,  h«r«dlUmanta,  gooda,  ehattala,  righu, 
cradita  and  aifccta  of  avfry  nama,  natura  and  da- 
actiptior  -tivint  only  atich  property  a*  ia  Maoipt  by 
law  fron         -JinMnt  aad  aaaculloa).  In  tmat,  navar- 


thalaaa,  >eU  and  diapooo  of  and  coUact  tha 
Bama.wltafiill  powar  to  compound,  adjuat  and 
ajttW  for  tha  aama  or  anv  part  tharaof,  and  apply 
tha  pfocoada  tharaof  aa  followa : 

Topay  aU coota and ohaiaaa  of  thooo nraaanta, 
and  tto  lawful  wipoaaoa  of  aaacutlng  &a  truat 
haraby  araatod. 

To  diatributa  and  pay  thb  ramaiadar  of  aald 
procaoda,  raubhr  and  Cn  oqual  propertlona,  to  my 
cradltora.  In  aatlafactian  aad  raloaaa  of  aU  dabto 
by  mo  owtag. 

''!*  **9S>  ■'•t">y  8aacutora.admlni8tratoraand 
aaalgna  tha  raridaa  of  aald  procacda.  If  aay  thara 
ba. 

Ia  wttnooa  whoroof,  ote. 

AMfmaMat-.|aMlTMt  B«M*vw 

Know  aDmaa  Iqr  thaao  praaanta  1 
That  A.  a  to  uaaMo  to  pay  aO  bla  Juat  dobta. 
That  aaid  A.  B.,  Iqr  tha  aaaaat  aad  ooacurraaco 
of  hia  ctodUofa,  who  havo  aabacribod  tbotr  naaaaa 
to  thoao  praaaata.  dooo  haraby  aaalga.  tranafar 
aiid  on  avof  aU  Ua  aaUMo,  raal.  potoMMl  and 
mlaad,  Ma  laada,  taaaataata  aad  bwaditamanta, 
fooda. ckattalaaad  aSbcta  (aavlag  only  '        ' 


•f^Mlv*  liS.^^  Ba«jIiCSUrte»  tS»  boaatt 
of  an  Ma  cradltora,  aa  Callowa  t 

That  aald  B.f.  dMdl  Ibfthwith  taka  Boaaaaalon 
of  tha  a»omlaab,aad  Witt  diligaaea,  Vprivato 
aad  palliio  MUOiaMnbrtlM  baM^^eo  bo  can  nro- 
CKi,  oaavwt  tlM  ama  law  maaw.  aad  oo&ct 
aUMna  aad  otmia  of  aioaoy  alMoMM. 

That  aaid  B.  P.,  aftar  «od«ctiac  tho  ooota, 
dumca  aad  awpaaMa  af  aald  traat,  aad  paylag 
3ald  A.  B., ia  aaaaldaratiaa of  hla  aarvlcMia So 
adinataMat  aad  aattl^^Mt  of  hia  aflUra,  fad  fMT 
aoppott  aad  nialjuananrt  of  MaMait?  ' 


TMit  aua  s.  r..  anar  no  aatialwtfaa  aad  dia< 
«kMa  af  ttoMm  af  aald  aabaariMag  dobteta. 
^fcagatg^^  tta  fMJIy^  py  all  aSor  cradltora 

TWtaMd  Bi  V.  dMOjSrMWMMqr  narphia  f«. 
latalagta  aaid  A.  B.,  Ua  oaaeaMM  ar  aSmlaio- 


(■ajpaarfT  A.  fc  ■         (5g5rf)   B.  9. 


AaalcNMa«t-lmMlvaat  Dabtov. 

mik  CnuMitmt,  He. 

Know  all  man  by  thaaa  praaanu  1 

That  A.  B.,  with  tha  aaaant  and  concurmaeo 
or  hla  cradltora,  whoaa  namaa  ara  haraunto  anb- 
acribad,  and  for  tha  conaidaratlona  haralnaftar 
mantionad,  haraby  granta,  aaalgna,  tranafaro  and 
aato  ovar  to  B.  P.  and  hia  aaalgna,  all  hla  houaa- 
hold  gooda,  bla  waraa,  marchandiaa,  atock  la 
'"i*'..*?."^'"?*!'  "•••  '^••»«bla,  mortgagaa,  notaa 
and  all  hia  righto,  cradita  and  affacto.  In  truat, 
navarthalaaa,  to  aalt  or  dUpoaa  of  tha  aama,  at 
public  or  privato  aala,  at  aald  aaalgnaaa*  («r  mia- 
taa*  >  dIacraUon,  and  to  collect  nad  convert  tho 
aama  Into  caah,  aad  aftar  deducting  tha  naceeaar* 
and  uaual  chargMdivlda  the  whole  of  the  oroceedS 
and  collactiona  thereof  among  aald  aubacribinc 
cradltora  of  aald  A.  B.,  pro  rato  and  in  proportion 
to  the  amount  of  their  reepactlva  elalma  againat 
him. 

Ct4Utt$/»rHu*rHom  *wIm  a^licaHt. 
CoHcaALMawr  or  PaoraaTT. 

That  In  caae  eaid  aubaeriMng  cradltora,  or  any 
of  tham.  ahall  at  any  time  hereafter  prove  or 
mahe  appear  that  aald  A.  B.,on  the  date  of  thaao 
preaentt,  or  at  anytime  hereafter,  waa  poaaaeoed 
of  or  IntereeUd  In  any  other  goode.  waree,  met^ 
chandlaa,  righto,  cradlte  or  afliicte  whataoaver 

(aaving  wearing  apnard),M  the  value  of dollara 

or  upwarda,  baaldea  what  are  Included  or  referred 
to  In  the  anaeaed  achedulee,  then  eald  A.  B.  ahall 
have  no  boneSt  whataver  from  theee  preeeoto,  or 
from  any  relcaaae,reoelpto  or  acqulttencea  by  any 
of  aald  cradltora  given ;  but  auch  raleaaaa,  re- 
eelpte  and  acaulUancee  ahall,  aaeept  for  tho 
amounto  actuatfypald  or  value  taerefore  rocdvad, 
be  abeolntaly  void. 

CaamToaa  not  BaManraB. 

That  every  creditor  who  ehall  art  coma  la  and 

aaecuto  tlieae  preeente  within daya  tnm  the 

dato  thereof,  ahaU  not  bo  entitlod  to  aaydlatribu- 
tlon  or  advaatago  therefrom  whataoevar  i  and  In 
auch  enaa  the  proporttoa  or  proportiona  of  tho 
premlaaa  hereby  aaelgnad,  to  which  they  would 
otherwiea  be  entitled  to  recaiva,  ahaU  ta  pold 
over  to  eaid  A.  B.,  or  auch  peraon  or  pereona  aa 
ho  ahaU  in  wciting  appolat. 

Ci  MTona'  RaLiAaa. 

Tha*  eaid  aubaeriMng  cradltora,  for  the  conaid- 
oratlono  In  thia  agraaaient  mentioned,  do  aovar> 
•HR  for  tbemaahfea  (aad  part^i*)  raleaao  unto 
aaid  A.  B.  all  maaner  of  action  aad  actlooa,  ae- 
countov  bllla  payable,  boada,  esaeutlono,  Judg- 
aente,  deede,  mortgagee,  aotea.  and  all  ciaima 
and  demacidBwhataoover,  tnm  the  beginning  of 
tho  world  unto  tho  dato  of  tbcaa  proaonta. 


Daaroaa'  Allowam 

That  aaid  A.  B.  tfiaU  bo  allewad  tha  aum  of  flva 
nor  cent,  out  of  the  not  produce  of  all  the  oatoW 
bwelqraaBigiiod  which  aliaU  bo  paid  him  by  aald 


aa^gneo(«ri 

That  aald  tmatee  ahall,ont  of  itld  tmat  moB 
pay  tha  rant  and  tame  of  tho  dwoUliw  heaao  of 
aald  A.  B.,  on neat,  aad  tho  wagoa dtM  tiM 


aervaato  of  aaid  A.  B.,  aad  all  dabto  due  itam 
"    '    B.  aader  —^  dollara  apiaco.  provided 
aat  caccad  la  tha  aggragato 


Daaroaa'  Aaam-Aiaca. 
That  aaM  A.  B.  ahall,  apoa  raaaonabia  aotlco, 
attaad  aaid  trvateo  and  aaalat  him  in  maUiig  oat 
all  aaaaaato  ralatinc  to  tha  autdacto  of  tkfi  a*t 


TBBiaaiai».B.  nan  noi  neraioior* 
eanborod,  raeeiveAor  diacbaigad  • 
pronUaaa  Boroby  aaelgnad  in  traat 
and  that  ba  win  not  00  or  aalbr  aay 
orobotract  aaid  aaaiaiiaa  (•>■  maMee: 


ItaanHH*  CoviMAirrB. 

TbataaidA.B.haaiiatharatofaroi 

aay  pah  of  the 

It  aa  afbreaald, 

aalbr  aay  act  to  hinder 

(•r-inaMee)  flromrocaiv- 

iag  or  racovcriag  the  aama  or  any  part  thereof,  or 
aiMt  aatlaibctloB  aa  marbo  had  tor  tho  aoaa. 
That  aald  A.  B.  dMOTat  tb 


of  aald  aubaartMag  cradltora,  aaaeoto  aad  aar- 

*n ^T1*n~T^ — iif  riifirnBlili  aim  niraaaanrtn 

tha^weeattoa  aad  porfenaaaoc  of  tho  traat  boraia, 
aad  far  tho  bettor  aad  Amharacaartaa  aad  aariia* 
lac  tf  tha  yraailaaa,  aad  tor  oaidMb«  iMdMh 


ASSIGNMENT. 


•igBM  («r  inntM)  ta  MllMt,  rcMvar,  and  racalva 
th«  Mint  and  avary  part  tbaraor. 

Daaroa'i  Powia  to  AMioHaa  (#r  TauiTia.) 
Tkat  aatd  A.  B. ,  wf  ilh  tha  aaaant  and  eaiMurranca 
«r  hia  aaid  lubacribing  cradttora,  karaby  apoatnte, 
auUiariiaa.canatitutaa.and  ampowaraaaid  B.  P., 
and  hIa  aMtgna,  hU  tawful  attornay  IrravocaMa,  [n 
hia  nama  or  otharwiaa,  aa  ia  lawful  and  propar,  M 
•ak,  damand,  aua  for,  raaovar,  and  racalva  all  and 
alnaular  tha  pramlaaa  aaalf  nad.  and  upon  raaaipt 
of  tha  aama,  or  any  part  or  aattafactlon  tharaof, 
M  glva  tha  nacaaaary  ralaaaat.  raaalptt.  and  ac- 

Slttancaa;  toeompoand.aompromlaa.and  arM- 
ita  all  mattara,  whan  In  kto  opinion  tha  aama  la 
«o  tha  baat  Intaraata  of  aald  aradltara,  and  gan- 
•Mlly  to  do  all  acta  naaaaaary  to  anet  tM  pur- 
poaaa  of  thaaa  praaanta. 

iMavaANCB.  .    ^.    ^. 

That  aald  aaalgnaa  (cr  tnuMa)  may,  la  hia  dia* 
cratlon,  cauaa  aald  truat  aataM  to  ba  (naurad,  and 
daduct  tha  nacaaaary  pramluma  of  auch  tnaoranca 
Inm  tha  aama. 

Paoviiro  Claim*. 

That  nodivldand  or  diatributtcn  ahall  ba  mada 
by  aald  aaalgnaa  (*r  tnuiM)  of  any  part  of  tha 
affaeta  aaaignad  in  traat  by  thaaa  praaanta  to  or 
among  any  of  tha  ctadltora,  partiaa  to  tha  aama, 
until  auch  eradltor  ahall  hava  mada  afldavit  or 
nlRrmalion  of  tha  amount,  eharactar,  data,  Itama, 
and  Juatnaaaof  hia  claim  or  damand, and  that  tha 
aama  ia  (bandad  on  a  auAeiant  lagal  eonaldara- 
tlan,  bafora  aama  paraon  autkoriaad  by  law  to 
adminlatar  tha  aama. 

Salki. 

That  aaid  aaalgnaa  («r  tnniw)  may  dtepooa  of 
aaid  houaahoid  gooda,  marchandiaa,  ate.,  at  auch 
prieaa  aa  ha  ean  (after  dua  aodca  of  inch  talta)  ob- 
laiB  fbr  tha  aama. 

atntrvn.    - 

That  whan  aaid  anbaeriMng  craditora  ahaU  hava 
racal  ^•4  tha  wbola  of  thair  raapactlva  dabta,  and 
•n  atiowaneaa,  chargaa,  and  eommiaaiena  hava 
baait  daductad  tfm  aaid  troat  monaya,  aald  aa* 
algnaa  (»r  tnum)  ahall  dalivar  or  pay  ovar  tha  ra- 
maiadar  (If  aay>  to  aaid  A.  B.,  bla  axacatora  or 
admlniatratera. 

T.r.otTBB't  (*r  AMioNaa  t)  Accbptamcs. 

■aid  B.  P.  haraby  aceaptatta  thiai:  waatad  by 
tha  abwra  iaatnimant,  and  agraaa   tuUr  Md 
faithfully  to  parform  tha  aama.     {S^pittt)  B.  P. 
Taotrna'a  (•r  Aiaiomoi'a)  Accommiio. 

That  aald  aaalgnaa  («rtniiwa)ahatl  not  ba^UaUa 
•r  chargaaMa  fbr  any  aiaata  othar  than  what  ba 
ahall  actually  racalva  by  irtrtoa  of  thaaa  nraaanta, 
nor  ba  aecountabla  for  hny  waaaa  Ibat  ahalt  hap. 

Cm  in  tha  managamant  aoJ  dlapaaal  of  aald  aa- 
ta  occurring  without  hia  datkuk  ar  MgHgaaaa. 

Taoaraa't  («r  AmraHea'i)  CoMnwaATioM. 
That  aald  aaidgnaa  (cr  mmm)  may  raimbufaa 
himaalf  all  nacaaaary  eoata- and  aapanaaatneurrad 
In  tha  aaanagamant  and  p^rfennanca  of  tha  ttruata 
haraby  rapoaad  In  him,tm|a«bar  with  an  alloW' 
anca  and  commlaaioo,  aa  followa,  ate. 

Tamm'i  (iw  A»io<sinf»'»'i  CovniAirra. 

That  aald  B.  P.  cov«ma«aand  agraaa  wMi  aaM 

A.  B.,  and  with  aald  anbaeriMBK  craditora  aavof^ 

aUy.  that  ha  wUl  AtUy  and  fUthlWly  aaaeuta  and 

parform  all  tha  tnMta  harain  aud  hataby  rappatd 

Ml  Mm,  and  wW  at  tha  raquaa*  of  aald  aubaaftblag 

jaraditora,  or  thair  mcjarhy,  raadar  tbaMi  Ma  ao- 

faenut  tu  wrMag  touehliu|  aaid  truata.  nod  wlli 

Inaka  a  iuat  and  apaady  dktrtbatlon  of  all  tt«at 

'monaya  (len  dMiwoaMary  dadoetloas  hartia  ipacMad) 

among  aald  cradttora  aeeordlng  ta  Mm  tnia  IMaat 

aad  purpaao  of  thaaa  praaanta. 

TaoBTaa't  («r  AMWiiaa'a)  Dsath,  arc. 
That  aheutd  aald  aaalgnaa  (»r  timm)  dto  pw- 
1  of  aald  truat  aatata  and  monaya,  aald  Mb- 


acriWag  eiaditera,  or  thtfr  BMjortty.  ahall  ^pala«, 
iawrlttng  undar  thair  handa,  anothar  patwu  aa 
aaalgMayrr  maitaa)  In  tha  plaea  knd  ataad  «f  aaM 

tfiStupon  raaaanabla  notiea  to  aatd  A.  8.,  or 
Ma  aaactttor  or  admittiatratora,or  auch  appotot- 
aMM,  ba  or  trmr  ahaU  tharaupon  dallvar  and 

••tSuBUB.Ch.34S:  ioPaig(,ai. 44S:  iN.Y.ioi; 


eon- 

;•  10 


tranafar  all  and  aingular  aald  truat  aatata  a«A 
pramlaaa  to  auch  n«w  aaalgnaa  (#r  truiiM),  «ubU  t 
to  tha  truata  In  thaaa  prcaanta  daclarad,  and  to 
auch  othar  agraamanta,  condltlona,  and  eova- 
nanta  aa  •hallba  agraad  upon  by  said  aubaarlblna 
aradltara,  or  thair  minority,  and  aald  laat-nam«3 
aaalgnaa  (*r  cnutM). 

TairtTBB'i  {*r  AfcMOiaii'»)  Rbciipt*. 

That  tha  raaalpta  of  aald  aaalgnaa  («r  tnnlM)  of 
or  for  any  of  aald  aaaignad  pramlaaa  ahall  ba  an 
affMtual  diacharga  to  all  paraona  to  whom  the 
aama  ahall  ba  givau. 

AaaiB«mmit~lMn*lv««t  D«k««r. 

In  moat  SUMi  gtiMnl  aialfninmiw  la  trnal  aiado  by 
iatolvant  and  othw  dabion  fcr  th*  dlKhhfga  of  ihclr 
dabti  an  r«g>ilat<d  by  tha maaratftaluMi,  which •«•• 
It  Is,  howavtr,  a  w«U.«aublSh«d  doctrina  ihal  iha  dabioi 
muM  maka  ai  uncondlilonal  aumndar  of  hi*  cmcu  for 
the  banafll  of  Um**  Io  whom  thay  righlAilly  bckma.*  And 
any  raaarvatlon  for  hiaiaalf  of  powwr  to  ravokc  MM 
vayanoa ;  or  changa  tha  inM*  by  glvlna  a  praftraa( 
othar  craditon  at  a  futura  tima ;  or  dlraction  that  th* 
aarplua,  aftar  paying  th*  ptalkrrnd  craditon,  ahall  ba 
ratumad  to  hin,  and  all  eoadltiona,  ax«ap(k>«a,  oi>  tha 
Ilka,  will  madar  the  convayaaca  void,  ualaaa,  iadaad, 
thn  ara  allowad  by  tutula.  ...        .  ,    . 

Daada,  ale.,  regularly  aaacutad  and  ackaowUdtad, 
ihooid  accompany  th*  aaalanmaal  where  real  estate  i« 
Ineludad  in  It.  And  all  oilMr  evidence*  *hould  In  like 
aianner  accompany  it. 

Know  an  man  by  thaaa  praaanta : 

That  thia  aaaignmant,  mada  tha day  of  — -, 

in  tha  year ,  by  A.  B.  and  C  D.,  partnara  in 

trade  and  buainaaa.  uadar  tha  name,  atyla,  or  Ann 
of  B.  A  D..  of  tha  Brat  part,  to  B.  P., of,  ate.,  of 
tha  aacond  part,  witnaaaatb  I  .    .  _. 

That  wharaaa  tha  aald  copartnarahip  la  Jnatly 
Indebted  In  conaidarabia  auma  of  money,  and  baa 
become  unaMa  to  pay  and  diacharga  tha  aama 
with  punetuaUty,  or  In  ftiU:  and  tha  aaid  partiee 
of  tho  Srat  part  are  now  daairona  af  maUag  a 
fklr  and  aqdubla  diatributten  of  thair  propwty 
and  afllMta  antoog  their  craditora:  Now,  thara- 
fore,  tha  aaid  partiaa  of  tho  Arat  part.  In  conaid- 
araaon  of  tha  pramlaaa,  and  of  tha  aum  of  one 
dollar  to  them  In  hand  paid  hf  tha  party  of  tha 
aacond  part,  tha  racalpt  r^***'.  ••  •"•'•Jx  IS" 
knowladgad.hava  granted,  batgatnad,  and  aaid. 
ralaaaad,  aaalgnod,  tmnalbrrad,  and  aat  over,  and 
by  thaaa  preeenta  da  grant,  bargain  andaafl,!*- 
laaao,  aaabn,  tranalWr  and  aat  over  unto  tha  aaM 
party  of  UiaaaeoBd  part.  •><  *•>><•  haira  and  aa. 
aufna  tbravar,  an  and  aingular  tha  tonda,  tana- 
menta,  and  haradltnmanta,  al«uata,,Mng.  and 
being,  witMn  tho  ttata  of — >  and  all  iha  gaoda, 
ahattato,  marahandlaa,  MUs,  bonda,  nptaa,  book 
accounta,  alaloM,  damanda.  ehaaaa  In  netlan, 
booha  af  aaaouni,  Judgmaata.  avldanaan  of  debt, 
and  property  of  ovary  nama  and  nature  whatever, 
of  tlM  aaM  par:iaa  of  tha  Arat  part,  eaora  pwtfcur 
:arty  anamwatad  and  deawlbad  in  tiia  aebadnte 
harato  annaaad.  marked  "•chadnia  A" ;  to  haw 
and  to  boM  tha  aama,  and  every  pert  and  MHtel 
thereof,  with  tha  apMftaMneea,  to  the  aalf  pMr«/ 
of  tho  aeeond  part.  Ma  hatfi.  aBaeutora,  ndmlak^ 
,  and  aBcnai  In  trMi,  nevatthatoaa^aad 
fcr  tlSTa^'irtn,  ,!«!.,l«yt^^w; 

in  of  iSt  aid  Hn- 


itora,  and  aaaimai  In  trMi,  nevatthatoaa^aad 
nnd  Hr  i'  — 

that 

1  part  ahall  tnl 

tfiak 


poeaa.  tkat  la  «o  aay  t  that  the  eaM.patty 
iacnnd  part  ahall  take 


_    ,_  i  majr  ap 

and  iHOOi  fee  tlia  Inlaniat  af  tha  pardea* 
and  eanvert  tha  aama  tMa  monajrt  ann  ■«•»> 
coUaat  all  nnd  aingular  tha  aaM  drtta,  d«M,  Mlkk 
-  -  notaa,  naaaunta,  dnima.  daoennda,  and 
.  Iti  aattaa.  or  aa  much  tharaof  aa  may 
calkwtaMa  i  and  tharaupon -«•  anacnie.  nc 


prava caiiectaMai  aa*  tn 
knowladga,  and  deHvar 
aneea  and  Inatrumanta 
and  by  and  with  tha 


an 
fbr  Oa 


and  coriaetlMa,^;^  party  ^tha  af^  f«t 
ahall  Ant  jwr  and  dlebwraa^iin  ttta  JiM  mM  Ha- 


aonableeapaaaaa.  aaatt,  chaMaa, —  ^  .^^ 
alone,  of  aBaantiag  and  canyfng  intn  aBbct  tM» 
so  Oa.  44.  h-u  JalHM.  4|8:  t  Cow.  $47]  *i  Wead 
i«7:«HBI,4|k 


lar  Mi4  tmat  MUto  imn 
Mif  nM  (*r  lruiM«),«ubt«  t 
prwanu  dMlarM,  tM  to 
M,  condliloM.  anil  cov*- 
1  upon  by  aald  aubMrtblnc 
>rl^,  and  aaM  laat-namtS 

dUUMi>'»)  RacBim. 
wid  aaalgnaa  («r  tniMM)  of 
toad  pramlaaa  ahall  ba  an 
•U  paraena  to  wham  th« 

'■••lv«««  ft«kt«r. 

•ulfnnMnu  In  tmil  aiada  by 
Dm  rar  the  dltchhisa  of  ihcit 
•  j|ta*nl«tMul«n,  which  m*.* 
ilUhtd  doctrlMi  Ihal  Iha  dtbior 
■■I  Himndar  of  hit  «lbeu  for 
nth«yrichtfViUybctanc.»  And 
If  of  powar  10  ravoka  IM  con- 
ruM  by  givinii  a  prafcianc*  (a 
r*  lima ;  or  dlrtcUoa  that  lh« 

pcafcii'iid  eiadlion,  ikall  b« 
condlllons,  aiotptloM,  of  tha 
ayanea  void,  uaian,  Indaad, 
a. 
ancutad  and  acknnwladtad, 

rnaal  whara  raal  alala  ii 
tvidencea  thould  in  tika 

•apraaoiits: 

;,  mada  tha dajf  of , 

■.  and  C  D.,  pattaoia  In 
lar  tha  iiama,atyla,  or  Arm 
;  part,  to  B.  F.,af,  otc.,  of 
laotht 

lid  eopattnarohlp  !•  Jottly 
la  Buma  of  monajr,  and  boa 
>  and  dtaehargo  tha  aana 
ftiH:  and  tha  oald  Bortiaa 
DW  daalroiM  of  making  a 
TibuMen  of  thair  piOfaiHr 
ilr  erodltof* :  Now,  Oiara- 
f  tha  ttrot  part,  in  conaM- 
M,  and  of  tho  aum  of  ana 
I  paid  Iqr  ttM  porty  of  tha 
pt  wharoof  ta  haraby  no* 
Bttd,  bMcnlnod,  and  ooid. 
M<brr«4,  nad  oat  ovor.  and 
tmnt;  bnrgnin  and  aail,  tw 
and  oat  ovor  onto  tho  onid 
irt,  and  to  hia  hoira  and  na> 
otngnlw  tbo  tonda,  tano> 
•onto,  aitMa*a«  hrini,  and 
I  of — ■.  Mtd  oil  ttogooda, 
,  MIto.  bondn,  notao,  book 
■anda,  obooaa  in  netioa, 
tmanto,  ovMonoaa  of  dobt, 
MMO  004  Mitiira  wkntovar, 
IM  trot  port,  mora  pwttcuf 
daoarlbad  in  tha  •obodnlo 
Id  "Icbadalo  A" :  to  hami 
,  and  ovary  pert  and  aortal 
nananoao.  to  tho aoMMrV' 
I  ham,  oBooatora,  adaOaii^ 
la  trSat.  Bovaithalaaa,aad 
lag  aaaa,tBtaau,aad  aww 
Ifcat  tho  naM,  party  af*o 
•a  of  an  ar.d  ala- 


■dgoMat  naay  appoar  boM, 
otof  tbo  parOaoaoaaaraad, 
I  iato  moaojrt  aad  aloato 
r  tkofoM  «oMa,  daoo,  bUto. 


ASSIGNMENT. 


IQ3 


..  _uditlioraof , 

I  thotaapoa  to  oaocata.  ao- 

rar  all  aoa 

ta  for  tta  w— •i.- 

tha  proaoaSa  of  l — . . 

Id  party  of  tho  oo'^Md  awt 
mnw  an  tha  Jaat  ^ad  Fm' 
to,  chargooi  aad  oMnoila- 
id  corryfag  latoofbct  tM* 

.  4fl:  f  Cow.  uji  "  Waa* 


otaigaaMat,  aad  all  ranta,  taaaa  and  aaooaomanta 
dua  or  to  baeoma  dua  on  tha  landa,  tanamtnta 
■nd  haradiumanu  aforaaaid,  until  tha  aama  ahall 
ba  aoM  and  diapoaad  of ;  and  by  and  with  tha 
rtatdua,  or  nat  procaada  and  availa  of  auch  aalaa 
and  collactiona,  tha  aald  party  of  tha  aacond  port 
■hall, 

firtt.  Pay  and  diacharga  In  full  tha  aavaral  and 
rtapactlvo  dabta,  bonda,  notaa  and  auma  ol 
monay  dua  or  to  grow  dua  from  tha  aaid  partlaa 
of  tha  llrat  port,  or  for  which  thay  ara  llabia,  to 
tha  aald  party  of  tha  aacond  port,  and  tha  aavaral 
other  paraona  and  llrma  darlgnatad  In  tha  achad- 
ula  haMto  ooaoaod,  marhod  "  ■chadula  B,"  te- 

Stthar  witk  all  Inuiaat  monajra  dua,  or  to  grow 
ua  tharaon ;  and.  If  aald  nat  pkocoada  and  nvolla 
•hall  not  bo  auMatant  to  pay  and  diacharga  tha 
Hma  In  Aill,  than  auch  nat  procaada  and  availa 
■hall  ba  diatribuUd  /r#  rai-  oharo  and  ohara 
allka,  among  tho  ooid  aavaral  paraona  and  (trma 
namad  In  aald  achadula  B,  according  to  tha 
■mount  of  thair  raapactiva  clolma ;  and, 

Sntml.  By  and  with  tha  raoidua  and  romoindar 
of  aald  net  nrocaoda  and  availa.  If  any  thara  ahall 
ba,  tha  aald  party  of  tho  oocond  part  ahall  pay 
and  diacharga  all  the  other  co-partnarahip  dabta, 
damondo  and  liabiiitioa  whataoovor,  now  oaiat- 
Ing,  whathar  dua  or  horaofkar  to  bocomo  dua, 
provided  ouch  romaindor  ahall  bo  auMciant  for 


ibat  parpooa ;  and,  if  InauAciont,  than  the  ooma 

IIMappliad>ri 
to  tho  payment  or  aoid  dabta,  domonda  and  liabll- 


■hall  M  appUed  >r«  r«te,  aharo  and  oharo  oUke, 


lUee,  accordlag  to  their  raapactiva  amounu ;  and. 

nii-J.  By  and  with  tht  rooiduo  and  ramoindar 
of  tho  oald  net  precooda  and  availa.  If  any  there 
•haU  bo,  the  aoid  party  of  tho  oocond  aart  ahall 
pay  aad  diacharga  all  tho  private  aad  iodividual 
dabta  of  tho  porUao  of  tho  Arot  part,  or  oithor  of 
them,  whether  duo.  or  to  arow  doo,  providod 
•uch  romaiador  al»U  bo  aoAciont  fbr  that  pur- 
pooo ;  aad,  if  laoattciant,  than  tho  oomo  abaO  ba- 
appliad  >r#  rw/«,  aharo  aad  aharo  allko,  to  tho 
paymoat  of  tho  aald  dabta,  according  to  tholr  ro- 
■pectiva  amounta ;  aad, 

L4ut^.  Tha  aaid  party  of  tho  oocond  port  oholl 
return  the  aaralaa  of  the  aald  aet  procetda  aad 
availa.  If  any  tbora  ahall  bo,  to  tho  oald  partlaa 
of  tho  flrot  part,  tbolr  oaacutoro,  admlnlotratora, 
or  aaolgna, 

Aad/Ibr  tho  bottor  oaocvtloa  of  thooo  proooala, 
and  or  tbo  aavaral  truota  horoby  ropoood,  tho 
cild  partlaa  of  tho  Bret  part  do  kwoby  mako. 
Bumlaato  aad  appolot  tho  oald  party  of  tho  ooeoaa 
part,  aad  hia  oaooatoro,  adminlatratom,  aitd  aa- 
•igna,  tholr,  aad  oach  of  thair  tnio  aad  lawfia 


tho  aald  paroaaof  tbo  flrot  poit,  or  oithor  of  thorn, 
might  or  eaotd  da,  woro  thooo  prooanta  not  oao- 
ctttod ;  aad  ottoraoyo,  oao  or  mora,  aador  him  ta 
mako,  nominoto  aad  appolat,  with  ftill  aowor  of 
•nbotitatioB  aad  ravacaaoa ;  horoby  ratllying  and 
eenRnalag  all.  aad  avarythiag  whatovor,  oar  ooid 
attoraay  aad  a|a  attornoya  aaall  do,  or  cauoo  to 
!>a  dooo,  la  tho  promioao. 

la  wttaoao  wKoraaf,  tho  oald  partlaa  of  tho  flrot 
port  ha«a  horoaato  oot  tholr  roopoathro  haada  <aad 
Mak),  fho  day  aad  yaar  abavo  writtoa. 
Mgaad.  ooalod  aad  dallvorad  \       A.  B.   [Sm/.I 

rathapfoaaacaafO.  H.    /        CD.   [Sm/.] 
A— laBMaM|-Jn<gi— at. 

,  Par  valao  rocoivod  (ar  la  coaddnatioa,  etc.,  mi 
aiMv),  I  horoby  aoalgB  aad  traaaCMT  tha  Judgmoat 
in  thfa  or  Mm  abovo  aatitlod  actloo,  taMMw  with 
aU  my  titte  and  (atoroat  la  aad  tight!  aador  th« 
■omo,  to  B.  F.  (JUpwg)         A.  B. 

Attoats 
CC^Oml^^aitf  CNMif  (w  J.  P.,  JuMioaofthaPaaea.) 
AaaigM«iaH<    laJgiaait. 

—•citej--   totho  — Ooart. 

A.  B.,plalB«»,    )  JadgnBoatlbr  • —  aad  la* 
m.  V  toroBt  at  -■  p.  ct.  Jadgmoat 

C.IK,dalbadaat.l    Baaord,  Val.  — i  paga  — ^. 

Par  valao  lacolvaa  («r  la  ceanldimtioo  eTtha  ««■ 
•f  — -  dolan,  tki  tooBipt  of  which  h  haiaby  aefcaa«4> 


■dgwl),  I  do  hereby  aaalgn  aad  tranBfbr  the  Judg* 
mant  in  tha  above  entitled  action,  together  with 
all  my  title  and  inlaraat  in  and  righta  under  tho 
aama,  to  B.  P.  iSigiui)  A.  B. 

(I*'.i««i)  O.  H. 

AHHiffMMaat-lHaHraaaa  rmUmw. 

tyUk  Anmft  AffrttHtl. 

Tha  property  heriby  ineurad,  having  been  pur- 

chaaadby  B.  P., tha Inaurance Company con> 

aant  that  the  intareatof  C.  D.  In  the  within  policy 
moy  be  aaaignad  to  aald  purchaaar,  aubject,  nev 
artbeleas,  to  all  the  terma  and  conditiono  thera'a 
mentioned  and  referred  to. 

Doted  at ,  thio Joy  of . 

_  .  .  A.  h.,Agtni. 

rot  value  Bacaivad,  I  hereby  aaaign,  tranafat 
and  aet  over  unto  B.  P.  (and  hia  *ulgn*>  ah  my  title 
and  intareat  in  and  right  under  thia  policy  of  in< 
aurance,  and  all  banaftt  and  advanuga  to  ba 
derived  therefrom. 

Witneea  my  hand  (and  ■aal)  thia day  of > 

(WAWM) .  CD. 


Jftrm 


5* 


TttttrHl  by  •  Vtrikt. 

Know  all  man  by  theae  preaenta: 

That  A.  B.,  on  the day  of ^,  In  tha  — ' 

court,  recovered  a  Judgment  agalnat  C.  D.  for  — ■ 

and  Intereat  tharaon,  at  tho  rata  of per  cant. 

par  annum, toaothar  with  hia  coata.taaed  at . 

■That  ( or)  aaid  Judgment  ramaina  wholly 

unaatiaflod. 

That  on  tho day  of oaacution  woa  laaued 

for  the  Bomo. 

Thatoaid  A.  B.,  for  a  conoldaratien  of (the 

raccipt  of  which  i«  hereby  acknuwicdgtd)  doea,  bv 
theae  preeenta  grant,  aell,  aaeign,  tronefer  and 
eet  over  all  hio  iitlo  and  Intoroot  in  nnd  righto 
under  the  eomo  to  B.  P. 

That  eaid  A.  B.  deeo  hereby  mako,  conatltuto 
und  appoint  ooid  B.  P.  hio  true  and  lawful  attor- 
noy,  irravoeablo,  with  fkill  power  of  aubotitutien 
aad  ravocatioa,  for  hio  owa  ueo  and  boncAt  to 
prooocuu  aaid  aaocutioa  aad  all  Airthor  proceao 
to  aatlaflMtioa. 

In  witaooo,  ate. 

AaaMrMBMaA-lMMa. 

Know  all  moa  tw  thooo  preaenta : 

That  I,  A.  B.,  (of ),  Ibr  and  in  conalderhtion 

of- —  dollara,  to  me  duly  paid  by  B.  P.,  (of ), 

do  by  thooo  prooanta  granticonvoy,  oaolgn,  trans. 
fbr  aad  oot  ovor  unto  aaid  B.  P.  a  certain  Inetni- 
moot  of  loaoo,  taaring  data  tho  ^—  day  of — ■, 
oaocu^d  by  C  D.,  (oT — >,  to  tac  for  a  term  or 

yoora,  roaorviag  aata  aaid  C  D.  tha  yearly 

rant  of  — -  dollara,  payable  (moMhty  «r  quartcri)-, 
etcj 

That  thia  oaoigamant  ahall  taka  otfect  on  tbo 

day  of noat,  to  contlnuo  during  all  tbo 

root,  rooiduo  and  ramalndor  of  aaid  term  of 

yoan,  oa^oct,  noverthelaaa,  to  tho  raato,  aovo- 
aanto,  conditlona  aad  proviaiono  in  aaid  laaaa 
mentioned. 

(That  I  do  boroby  covenant,  pramloo  aad  agrett 
that  ^a^A  aaaignad  premiaea  ara  now  tn*  aad 
door  of  an  aaaoaomoata,  noolgnmonu,  back  ranto, 
bargalaa,  damaado,glRa,granta,  eneambrancaa, 
eaactttloaa,  Judgmaata,  laaooa,  Uoao,  pledgee, 
taaoo,  etc.,  otc.,  whataoovor). 

la  wltaoao  whoroof,  ate. 

Par  form  of  "AjraMowuHMMMrr,"  Bee  that  title. 

Aaate»—a»l    I^nmo. 
TMia  IrnRmi  V  Of  UAntUur, 
Kaow  aU  moa  by  thooo  prooonto: 
That  A.  B.  and  e.  D.  did,  by  tholr  loaoo  boorinf 

data  tha day  of ,  lot  uato  B.  P.  aad  O.  H. 

aU  that  part  aad  paraol  of  land  («r  lot  No.  — ,  etc.), 
oitaatod  ia  — ,  aad  daocribod  ao  follows,  to  wit 
{J*icr»iiig  teu  tegothor  with  the  apportonancao, 

for  a  torm  of—-,  at  tho rant  of ,  with  full 

powor  to  nndorlat  acd  aoolga  eaid  loaoo. 

That  aaid  B.  P.,  la  cohoUoration  of ,otc., 

I  by  thooo  proaoata  aaaign.  tronafbr  and  oot 
oU  hio  title  and  intoroot  in  and  rMito  nndor 

loaao  oad  pramlaoo,  uatti  aald  O.  ft.,  for  and 

during  tho  root  aad  raolduo  }/ot  to  como  aad  aor 
aapbad  of  aald  torn. 
fhiat  oald  O.  H.  obaU  hoop  and  cava  oald  B.  P 


m 


ASSIGNMENT. 


barmlaM  and  IndamnlAad  of  and  from  all  and 
avarycharga  and  (ncumbranca  whatavar.by  raa- 
toa  of  Um  covaaaoM,  conditlona  and  ranta  lo  aald 
laaaa  containad  and  racllid. 
That  said  O.  H.  ahall  wholly  pay  or  cauaa  to  ba 

{.  i  all  ranta  and  othar  aipanaaa  to  ba  incurrad 
/aaion  of  said  laaaa,  for  and  during  all  tha  raat 
and  rssldua  of  said  unaapirad  tarm  of— ,  ata. 
U'ving  only— iM//  «4a/,  (/  amjflkixt). 
In  wltnaaa,  etc. 
For  form  of     AcKHOWLaiiGMBNT,"  tm  thai  tilia. 

/>tw. 

Know  all  man  by  tbaaa  praaanta: 

That  A.  ■.  did,  on  tha day  of 

cartain  paw  or  aaat,  numbarad  («r  l«u*rad) 

aituatad  In  tha  divialon  (of  Dart)  of  tha  — '■ 

church,  in ,  with  tha  right  of  ita  uaa  at  all 

timaa  of  divlna  aarvica,  and  at  all  othar  propar 

and  saaaonabla  timaa,  for  tha  tarm  of from 

aald  data,  togathar  with  tha  powar  to  laaaa  or 
undarlat  tha  aams,  sublact  to  tha  tarma  tharaof. 

That  aald  paw  la  at  tna  data  of  tbaaa  prasanta 
firaa  and  unaneumbarad  of  and  from  all  ranta, 
chargaa  or  aneumbraoeaa  whataoavar  (ticepiing, 
etc.) 

That  aald  A.  B.,  in  conaldaratlon  of (the 

rccalpi  of  which  li  hereby  acknowlcdgsd),  doaa  haraby 
grant,  bargain,  aall,  aaaign,  tranafar  and  aat  ovor 
•U  hia  tltla  and  Intaraat  In  and  righta  to  (ihs  oa*t 
o'M-hair,  SIC.  of)  all  said  paw  or  aaat  unto  B.  F.  for 
and  daring  all  the  raat  of  aald  tarm  by  aald  laaaa 
Ijrantad  and  jrat  unaiplrad,  aubjact,  howavor,  to 
•II  tha  eovananta,  condltlona  and  agraamonta  In 
«aid  laaaa  containad. 

In  wltnaaa,  ate. 

AMiMHMIt— l«MM. 

Sfturitf/Sr  m  ii*H  «•  a  Btmd,  rte. 

Xnow  all  man  by  tbaaa  praaanta : 

That  A.  B.  la  indabtad  to  ■.  P.  in  tha  aum  of 
•— ,  boarlng  taturaat,  au.,  upon  a  bond,  in  tba 

•um  of ;,  Mating  date  tha day  of ,  and 

eondltlonad  for  tha  paymant  of  aald  dabt  and  In- 
taraat, to  aald  K.  F.  on  tba day  of . 

.   That  aald  A.  B.  did  on  tha day  of laaaa 

■nto  C.  D.  a  cartain  lot  («r  tract>of  laad  aituatad 

In ,  and  dascribdd  aa  feUowa  (dturmiit  U),  far 

« tarm  of ,  at  tha  yanrly  rant  of ,  payaMa 

•a  f»arowa  (itoMy  fnmtmii^. 

That  aald  A.  B.,  for  tha  battar  aacuring  tta 
paymant  of  Aald  bond,  doaa  by  tbaaa  praasnla  ••• 
'in,  tranafar,  and  aat  orar  unto  aald  X.  F.  all  bla 


tlQa  and  Intaraat  In  and  rigbta  nadar  aald  laaaa 
to  aald  C  D.  far  and  during  tte  root  and  raaMtia 
of  aald  tarm,  with  ftiU  p«war  to  Mk,  damaad,  ra- 
aalva,  and  rncalM  for  aald  ronla. 

That  aald  A.  ■.  baa  not  dona  or  aaflbrad  aajf 
act  or  acta  wbarabv  aald  laaaa  la  or  aUty  boeoma 
forfaltad,  or  aald  kaaad  praailaaa  aneomborad. 
■nd  that  aald  B..  F.  ahall,  In  hIa  aama,  niMa,  and 
lrtaMd.ai4«yaU  righta  baratalbra  ai^^rad  ^  aald 

'PrmMti,  mim*Mni.  tlutt  If  aaM  A.  B„  Ma 
haita,  asaetttora.  or  adatlnlatratani,  aban  wad  and 
truly  pay  and  dlaeharga  aald  daM.  Intaraat,  and 
bond,  than  thla  aaalgnmaat  ahall  m  abaolotely 
void  and  of  no  amct  wbMavar. 

In  wltnaaa,  ate. 


A— igaiMW 

Know  an  man  by  tbaaa  praaanta  I 
That  A.  B.  dM  by  a  iMaS,  baarlag  d 

wntalo       ,nnd4 


day  of  — — ,  tat  nnta 

ur  a  tniat  of  land  ahiiMa 


.•tc) 


ur  ■  own  VI  lura  ■naani  id  — — >  ana  Masnnan  na 

followa.  t«  wU  (AwHMv  U),  mr  a  taras  vf 

ftom  and  data,  M  tha  yMurly  rant  ^ ,M]riMa 

aa  fotlewa  {ghtitt  i^tfmtmti).  tonttar  wSol  tha 


prMhga  of  nndatMaalag 


■tt),  togathar  w 
•ail  totHng  thai 


tfM 


ThatanU  C.  D.  fbr  •  eonaidaratliaa  nf  — • 
rac^pt  of  whieh  la  harahjr  acluiowladgad, 
bythaaa  praaanta  aaaign,  tmaalbr.  aafaoi  •«« 
ail  Ma  tiUa  and  Intaraat  (■  •nd  ritfMa  nndar  MM 
iaaM,  Ugathar  with  an  Hbm  eondlmM  and  aWwi 
hitloM  Marvin  eafrtalaad,  «o.B.  F..  Ma  haba  aad 
aaaigna,  Ibr  and  during  tha  raat  and  romalada*  af 
•aidtarm. 

That  aald  C.  D.  hM  not  dona  or  anBbfad  aagr 


act  or  thing  to  M  mada  or  dona  wharaby  al  ihs 
SHcutton  of  thsM  prsajnta  said  IaaM  hMbsccmt 
forfaltad,  void,  or  ^tdabla. 
That  said  B.  P.  shall  quistly  hold,  Mcup,  ,  and 


anjoy  acid  pramiaas  and  iu  apnurtvaan^ss  with- 
out avictioo.  Interruption,  or  dlaturMnca  durln* 
tha  root  and  ramaindsr  of  aald  tarm  hereby  a»! 


aigned. 


turMnce  during 

siainvivr  99  ■■■■  ^ ' '^ 

igned. 

That  said  IS.  F..  or  hia  legal  rapraMatatlvti, 
•hall  at  all  timea  haraaftar  pay  or  cause  10  bt 
paid  tha  rente,  aad  perform  tho  covenants  and 
conJllioM  of  aald  laaMk  which  an  Ma  aaeianor'i 
part  ehail  and  is  therein  etiputatad  to  be  per- 
formed according  to  tha  true  Intent  and  purpose 
of  Mid  agreement. 

In  witnaM,  ate, 

AanlmMCHt— l^MMlca. 

Ont  KitUtmty  L*gml»t  H  mmMktr. 
Know  all  man  by  thcM  proMntt : 
That  D.  0.,dMeaaad,mada  bla  laat  will  and  tts- 


•  ■••••«.«#..  wniBBBu I  maeie  mm  laai  iviu  ano  Its- 

tement,  bMrlng  data  tha day  of  — >-,  and  the 

aaaia  waaadmRr"'  -  -     - 

ete. 


aaaia  waa  admitted  to  proMte  the day  of- 


That  Mid  D.  D.,  by  aald  laat  will  and  tests- 
ment,  did  Mnatltute  and  appolat  B.  X.  and  T.  R. 
aiecutora  therMf,  and  did  give  tham  ar  their  sur- 
vivors a:i  tha  raat  and  raaldua  of  hla  parMnsI 
•atete,  alter  hia  ftonaral,  ate.,  aapanaM,  dsbts, 
and  lagMlaa  ware  dtochargad  and  paid. 

Thai  tha  following  alfscte  ware  nM  by  Mid  tas- 
Uter  spMlflMlly  beottoathad  {JntriUmg  t»*m). 

That  upon  tha  divialon  of  tha  raaldMury  part  •' 
•aid  teatetor'a  aOMte  Mid  T.  R.  ahall  hava^  hU 
own  oBclualva  um  and  hanaflt,  all  tha  aald  elhcts, 
•nd  an  IntarMt  that  ahall  acariM  M  or  grow  horn 
tha  Mme. 

That  In  eonaldaratlon  of  tha  pramtoM  and  other 
valMbla  conaldaratlona  Mid  M.  X.  doM  hereby 
Molan,  tmaafcr,  and  Mt  over  uate  aMd  T.  R.  aU 
hla  fltla  and  Intaraat  In  and  claim  M  said  efecu, 
te  hava  and  to  bold  tho  Mma  unto  aald  T.  R.,  hto 
halra  and  aaalgna  fsravar. 

In  wltnaaa,  ate 

AawlMMMat-IiaCMlM. 

_  M  ngmtmHf  m  B»»d  DtU. 

KMwnU  mMfey  thaM  praMnte  t 

That  D7d.,  of ,  daeaaaad,  hy  hla  iMt  win 

and  teatamaat,  baarlng  date  an  or  ahmM  tha  — 
*»9  •;  — -.  •ft«r  that^n  ha^oMtMng  and  diapoe- 
Ing  af  divan  parte  of  hia  aatate  Md  a«bct?dld 
give,  baqtiMth,  and  davtoa  aU  tha  raal,  raaldM. 
and  ramalndar  of  alt  and  alngular  Ma  raat  aad 
paraanal  aatete  of  what  hind  nnd  nMm  aaavw 

•ot  tharato  jtopeMd  of  to  A.  B.,  •! »CD.,ef 

— .and  O.  HTaf ,  tfMlr  halra  aad  •MdgnsI,  la 

traat,  navarthate,  ih«t  mI4  raald*— *- 


I,  that  aaM  r«aldiiary  tagataae, 
M  marrtega  of  aald  taotattir'* 
ltd  airt  oTtha  raaldM  af  aald 
y^  tha  anm  af -^-. 

Id tMMiM did  bvMM iMt wfll wid tea. 

PMint  aMd  A.  ^,  C  D.,  •ad  O.  H. 

I  of  aald  wilt. 


apantlM  ._ 

wW,W.  O.,  ahootd  

aatete  pay  nato  L.  id.  tha  anm  af 
Tint  aald 

tamMtai 

axMntara        

That  aa  M  abaat  tlM 


iayoT— .aald  aMcn- 


^snsK 


Mvin.to^L.B.'^*'-^''''^ 
TlHit  aaiaX.  B..  by  a  eartMn  band  ar  ahltn«ton, 
^y  ^^  J*? :— :.  **^  •'  —r*  haaamaVand 


»aatFM«(— oOtkai 


to  B.  r.  la  tha  aom  af - 

with  tha  caadMoa  that  thai 

yaid^  apan  |>ayiaant  tharaof  to  aald  B.  ».,m  hla 
tagat  rapraaa&tatlvaaf  aa  tha -"•*>«  day  af^ 
aaaaiag.udaawaaM. 

That  aald  L^B^Sm  •• 
(aor  say  part  thereof). 

That, taaaaaldaratian  af  tha  MaalbM, aald  L. 
■l?*^ J?  *^—  >>*«■«•  hteafc  (fMt,  aaavajr, 
aaaign,  traaalbr  aad  aat  ovar  tiM  auai  af—— »  m 
giMn  aad  h»<aMth»d  te  aad  by  aald  laat  wM  and 
teataawat,  towth  ir  wHh  all  Intaraat  to  aacrwa  or 
baeaaa  pMaBa  fcr  aaM  aam,  tmm  Ika  i—  «ay 

f«'t;;=j2SS&-'i^ '^•'^**^ 

hMrmd  aMHviJa  aaM 


raat  af  tha  iagacy      ■        «dp* 


ASSIGNMENT. 


lOf 


I  or  dona  wharaby  at  iht 
nw  aai4  laaaa  baabacomt 
kla. 

quially  boM,  ocauy,  .  and 
I  Ita  apBvrt%.iMD4aa  with- 
in, Of  dlaturbainca  durlni 
of  aatd  torm  hartby  a» 

hla  lagal  rayraaaatatlvti, 
•nar  pujr  or  eauaa  to  b* 
'rarm  tha  aovananta  and 
k  wMeb  oa  hia  aaalanar'i 
•In  attpuiaCMl  to  ba  ptr- 
I  trua  Intaat  and  purpota 


l>— l»>f— I— . 

'-tfutf  J»  mmtthr, 

•  praaanu: 

mada  hia  teM  twill  and  tta- 

a day  pf  -~-,  and  tht 

robata  tha  —  day  of — , 

Mid  laat  twill  and  taata- 
I  appolai  B.  X.  and  T.  R. 
IM  gltfa  tham  or  tbair  lur- 

I  roatdtia  •t  bta  paraonal 
It,  ata.,  oapanaaa,  dabti, 
argad  and  paid. 

■CM  twara  mm  by  aald  tta- 
itbad  {dttrMug  tlum). 
n  of  tba  raoMMry  part  or 
ldT.lt.alMllbava%hto 
anaflt,  all  tha  aaid  alhcta, 

II  accnia  t«  or  grotw  A«m 

of  tba  pramtaaa  and  othtt 
i  aald  B.  X.  doaa  bariby 
t  otrar  uato  aald  T.  R.  aU 
tnd  clalaa  *•  aald  afacts, 
■ama  tiate  ••14  T.  >.,  hia 
r. 

it   l.»B— I— . 

fmBmdDitt. 

apraaaatat 

•caaaad,  ky  Ma  laat  twin 

data  an  or  abetrt  tba  — 

1  baf  tMatMacaad  diMaa. 

liaaatata  wm 


1,  did 

>laa  an  tha  raai,  naldaa. 
ii4  aincttUtr  Mb  laal  aad 
t  Mod  wmk  Mrtnra  aoavar 

»A.B.,*f ,C.D.,af 

Mr  halra  •■<  Mtigaa,  in 
I  aaM  raaMtMry  lagataaa. 
irrlM*  of  aaM  taatattir'a 
It  •rtha  laaMaa  at  aaid 
laavmaf— .. 
bjMwidlMttwaiandtaa. 
I.  B.,  C  D..  sad  O.  H. 

— dayaf— ,aaM  aaacn- 
Ul,aa<i  took  upaa  tbaia- 

7  aa<d  taatatar,  diad  aa 
— .  laat  paal. 

raapaa  bacaaM  MUMMa 
ttbaraef.iaMtv^iiaaad 


ttMaaaiaVraldbMaa. 
iraaftaaaMB.V.,arbla 
I  tiM— -4a9ror-~taa>t 

It  paid  (—of) tba iMM 

ofthaaraiiUbaa.ildL. 
la  haraby  graat,  oamay, 

«tw  tba  aiMi  of ,  aa 

I  aM  by  aaM  teat  wlB  aad 
b  all  lataraat  la  aoertta  ar 


part  •TtbalaBacjr 


That  aald  L.  B.  doaa  by  th  'aa  praaaota  maka. 
lonctlluta  and  appoint  aald  B.  P.  hi*  Iruo  and 
lawrul  altoraay.lrravocabla,  for  and  In  hia  nam*, 
placa  and  alaad,  In  to  hi*  own  uaa,  and  at  hia  own 
co(t  and  aapanaa,  to  damaod,  au*  for  and  racovcr 
the  lama  fnm  aaid  aaacutora  or  thair  aurvtvora, 


tnd  upon  payiiiant  and  raaaipt  of  tha  aama,  or  any 

Sart  waraof,  to  raiaaaa,  rocaipt  for,  and  aaauif- 
mca  giva.  In  aucb  mannar  aa  ha  may  lawfully 


{Itaraof,  to  raiaaaa,  rocaipt  for,  and  a«f  uiC- 
unM  gitra.ln  an  ~ 
*nd  proparly  do. 

In  witnoaa,  ata. 
AaateaiMaMt— LaClar  •€  AMcniajr. 

Know  all  man  by  tbaaa  prraanta : 

That  P.  R.  and  D.  D.,  daeaaaad.in  hia  ilfatima. 
w«r*  partnara,  aa  R.  B  D.,  and  aa  atieb  wara.aad 

•till  ara,  Indabtad  to  A.  R.  In  tha  aum  of ,  for, 

•tc. 

That  aaid  A.  R.  la  adminiauator  of  tha  aataU 
tnd  afhcta  of  aaid  D.  D. 

That  aaid  A.  R.,  in  eonaidaratlon  of (tha  ra- 

ctipi  of  which  k  hmby  acknoaitadgad),  do  by  tbaaa 

Er4aaota  maha,  appoint  and  eenatltuta  aald  P.  R. 
I*  aaaigaaa  aad  attarna/,  in  thia  babalf,  la  hia 
own  tMoia  ar  tha  naraa  ofaaid  dacaaaad  and  my- 
wir,  or  otbatrtwiaa,  aa  ha  may  IcwftiUy  aaa  At  in  tha 

Srtmiaaa,  aad  to  kla  own  uaa  aad  baaaAt  to  aak, 
■maad,  atia  fbr  and  racalva  all  aad  ainaular  auch 
dtbta  aa  bm*  or  aball  ba  dua  or  aaytwiaa  balong- 
Ing  to  aaid  D.  D. :  aad  upon  pavmant  and  raaaipt 
•(  tha  aama  ta  raiaaaa,  racaipt  nr,  diaabarga  aad 
acquit  tbraama. 
la  witaaaa,  ate.  (51ipM>')   A.  R. 

AaalBaaia**'  -M.mm»f. 

Oh  Aet0mnt. 

Knotw  all  maa  by  tbaaa  praaantat 

That  A.  B. ,  ia  coaaidatadoa  of  tha  aam  of—,  ta 
bim  in  baad  paid,  doaa  baraby  aaalga.  traaalbr  aa4 
•tt  otrar  all  bb  tltb  aad  lataraat  la  and  riabta  nadar 
an  accauat  tor(«M#fHki<)iBthaaum  oi— ,baf*> 
tinta  aaaaaad,  aiMI  idl  athar  anm  and  auma  c .' 
looaay  ramatalag  dtia  and  payabia  upon  aald  ao> 
Gouat,  unto  B.  9. ,  twith  tkill  powar  to  aak,  damaad 
and  raaaltra  tha  aama  (at  his  own  eoMa  aad  ajipaaaw) 
to  hia  otwB  uaa,  aad  ta  gitra  dlaabargaa  and  ratalpv 
for  tba  aaoM.  or  aay  part  tbaraof. 

That  tbara  la  dna  aald  A.  B.,  an  aaid  aeeauat,  at 
tha  data  af  tbaaa  praaaata,  tba  aam  of—,  aad 
that  ba  haa  not  roealtrad  ar  diachargad  tba  aaoM. 

Ia  twitaaaa,  ata. 

AaaiBMaaal   Mmmmr, 

Kaatw  alt  maa  by  tbaaa  praaaata  t 
That  A.  B.,la  eoaatdaraUoaof- 


■  for 


_  rartac  Rom  anparaoi 

onaaaatMt  of  thaalaamarB.  R.,  M.  B.,  ma.... 
all  ftaifbta,  blra  aad  aartrlca  af  aald  traaanl, 
dua  aai  payabia  ta  aald  A.  B.,  fbr  tba  taatb  part 
of  aald  ataamar.  of  twbl«.b  ba  ia  tba  otwaar. 

That  tbara  la  daa  and  payabia  ta  aald  A.  B.,  at 
tha  data  af  tbaaa  praaaata,  by  raaaaa  of  tba  pram- 
taaa, tba  auoi  of dollara. 

{AMtmmr  U  ttUtct  miktm  rtfutrtd.) 
Amtlhir. 

Kaotw  ail  aiaa  by  tbaaa  praaaatat 

That  A.  B.  to  aatltiad  to  tba  aatraral  aaoMof 
moaay  banjaallar  maatloaad,  dua  aad  otwii 


UMMMateakTbaM^      I        *'^TSS^S2mSi^WMy9*^!vu^ 


_^  I  atrary  pJMt  tbaraof  ia  dua  yd 

ThMaaMA.B.,laaoaaldara*loaor (tbara- 

laipt  of  whieb  l«  bMby  ackaoaHadg^d).  dooa  by  titaaa 
praaaata  aaakm.  tnuwibr  and  aat  ovaridl  bta  rfarbt, 
atto  aad  lataraat  la  aad  to  aald  aam,  to  B.  F., 
twitb  fbU  potarar  ^  Ma  own  ooal*  aad  capniaaa),  aad 
to  bla  awa  twa  to  ask.  daaaaad,  atia  iter,  eolloat, 
raaaltra  aad  raaaipt  Ibr  tba 

la - 


Kaotw  all  naaa  air  tbwa  praaaata; 

Tba*  I,  A.  B.,tba  tyltWtiaamad  martgagaa,  fbr 
a  aaaaUaratlaa  of—  dallara  iiffmU,  «y,  tba  it>- 
•ilpi  aTtrbteb  It  Waby  aabantHi^grt)    ~^^ 


aign,  tranafar,  and  aat  ovar  unto  B.  P.,  hia  haira 
and  aaalgna,  tha  wtthln-namad  inalrumant  of 
mortgaga,  and  all  tha  raal  aaiata,  with  tha  appur- 
Mnancaa  tharain  mantionad  and  daiwrlbad,  to 
hava  and  to  hold  tha  aama  forawar.  gubjaet, 
aavarthalaaa,  to  tha  aqulty  and  right  of  radamp- 
tlon  of  tha  wtthln-namad  C.  D.,  bla  haira  aiid 
aaalgna  tharain. 
In  witnaaa.  ate. 
For  farm  ul  "AcKHotruixiMaMT,"  ••*  tluU  lltla. 

Aaalgf  Hft— Mwtiragta. 

r«  Stcur*  fmymtnt  ^  Nittt,  He. 

Know  all  man  by  tbaaa  praaanta : 

That  A.  B.  ia  Uia  ownar  of  throo  notua,  aacb 

baai ing  data  tha day  of ,  ate,  mada  and 

aignad  by  C.  D.,  aa  Drincipai,  and  B.  Y.,aa  auraty 
— ona  for  tha  aum  of dollara ;  ona,  ate. ,  paya- 
bia to  aald  A.  B.,  on  tha day  of ,  ate,  and 

aach  baaring  intaraat  at  tba  rata  of par  cant. 

Pr  annum— and  aacurad  by  a  mortgaga  of  aald 
O.  upon  — — ,  ate.,  which  to  racortlad  in  tba 
ottco  of ,  ate.,  in  Mortgaga  Racord,  Vol. • 

^niat  B.  P.  haa  purehaaad  aald  pramlaaa,  aub- 
Jact  to  tha  aaid  mortgaga  and  noioa,  and  for  tha 
ramovBl  and  eaneailatlon  and  aattafactlon  of  tho 
aama  haa  aoM  and  eonvayad  unto  aaid  A.  B.  all 

that  part  and  parcel  of  tend,  aituata  In ,  aad 

daacribad  aa  followa,  ate. 

That,  ia  eonaidaratlon  of  tha  pramlaaa,  tha  aaid 
A.  B.  doaa  by  thaaa  praaanta  aMign,  tranafar  and 
aat  otrar  unto  aald  B.  P.  tba  aferaaald  mortgaga 
aad  tMtaa  aad  all  hta  righi,  title  and  Intaraat  in 
and  to  tha  aama,  without  racouraa  upon  him,  tba 
aald  A.  B.,  in  aay  event,  and  aabject  to  all  and 
atrary  agraamant,  coadition,  eotraaaat  and  atipta- 
latlon  tnarala  contalaad. 

In  twitaaaa,  ate. 
For  form  of  "AcKMowunKMBirr,"  lae  that  title. 

AaslBaHKmt— M«r<gr«B«. 

A*  /W. 

Kaotw  all  maii  bv  tbaaa  preoeata : 

That  A.  B. ,  eo  tba day  of .  for  a  conald- 

aratioa  tbareluinaatloiiad,  coatrayaa  unto  C.  D.  a 

(lot  »r>  tract  of  land,  aituatad  in ,  aad  deaeribad 

aa  feliotwa,  to  twit  ( JSr^mMtr  A  j^  MM/w«ifttf  4m»m6), 
twitb  tba  condltioaa.  ate.  (<u  Ai  M«  m»rigagt). 

That  eaM  pramlaaa  ara  Iraa  aad  uaaacumbarad. 

That  C.  D. .  la  aoaaldaratloa  of (tha  receipt 

(/  which  is  hereby  acknowledged),  doaa  by  tbaaa 
praaoato  aaatea.traaafer  aad  aat  ovar  aB  hta  title 
aiM  iatereat  ia  and  rigbtotiiUler  aaid  eonvayaaca, 
to  B.  P.,  auMaet,  aovartbalaaa,  to  aU  tba  covo- 
aaata,  coadlttaaa  aad  agraamanto  tbarain  naa- 
tloitati.  together  twitb  an  righto  of  rodamptlea 
(ead  kaviag  and  exoepdng,  etc.) 

Ia  witaaaa.  ato.  '^        ' 
For  fitrm  of  "AcnmausoMaifr."  tee  that  title. 


Kaotw  aU  maa  Imt  tbaaa  praaaata  t 


mIjMm/»r  yiimn. 
by  tbaaa  praaaata  t 
That  A.  B., by  alaaaa  baeirlac  data  tba  —  day 
of — -.aad  tor  a  coaaldaratloa  of  — ,  did  let 
aato  C  D.  tba  pramtaaa  alttiato  la ,  and  de- 
aeribad aa  Ibllotwa,  to  wMtlftcrMur  U),  for  a  term 
of yaara,  at  tba  yearly  raat  of .payaMo, 

intat  aald  C.  D.  did,  en  tba day  of , 

mortgaga  tba  aama  to  O.  H.,  to  aaenra  tba  pay- 
meat  of — ,  ato. 

That  there  to  dtte  and  tMpald,  at  tba  dato  of 
tbaaa  preeenta,  oa  aald  it^dabtadaaaa,  tba  attm 
ofi — . 

That  aald  O.  H.,  for  a  coaaMerattoa  of (the 

leeelpt  of  whkb  b  hereby  acknotriedgad),  doaa  by 
thaaa  praaaata  iraat,  aall,  aaalga,  traaalbr  and 
aet  over  aato  B.  P.,  all  Ma  rigbt,utla  aad  lataraat 
la  aad  to  an  aaM  debt,  tegetbor  twitb  aald  mort- 
gaga aneariag  tba  aama,  arltb  Aill  potwer  (at  his 
oirn  ooais  aad  charges),  vaA  for  bto  otwn  uaa  aad 
baaaftt,  to  aak,  daaMnd,  aaa  fbr,  aafbrea,  coDocV 
rocahre,  racaipt  fbr,  taleaaa  aad  ac^tilt  tba  r 

la  twitaaaa.  r" 
Forfonaof ' 


r  "AcKMoitruwaMairr,''  see  that  iMa. 

Omiut.mktm imltn4idmt  OUUtrmlSttwH^ 
Kaotw  all  maa  by  tbaaa  praaaata  i 


I 


\ 


ASSIGNMENT. 


Thai  In  conaldaraKoa  of  th«  aum  of dollora, 

tho  racolpt  of  whitb  la  hartby  aclinawladiad,  I 
karaby  aaalin,  tranafar,  and  aat  o«*r  to  E.  F.  lof 

— ),  iha  mortfafa,  baarlna  data  tha day  of 

— ,  aiacutad  by  A.  B.  and  hia  wifa  W.  (of ), 

unto  C.  O.  (of ),  racordad  In  Iha  (county  dtrli'a, 

#r  raciinitr,  »r  ragtuMr  uf  daadt')  eMaai  In  mertxaga 

racord  — — ,  paga ,  togathar  with  Iha  bend  or 

•bllgatlon  linaraiii  datcrlhwl,  and  lh«  aionay  du«  mid 
•o  gruw  diM  llMraon,  vlih  InMrwl :— <r,  baartna  daw  iha 
day  ■A>rat«l<l,  aiKMad  by  Hid  A.  B.  lo  MldC  D.  In 

Iha  panal  ium  of dolbn,  condlllomid  fer  iha  pay- 

■lani  uf dullan,  and  Mcurad  by  iha  abova  aurt- 

(ui  on  iha  -^  day  of ,  with  InurMi). 

That  I  hara^  tovanaat  that  tha  anm  of  — 

tailara,  with  Inlaraal  from  tha day  of ,  ia 

■ow  dua  and  owing  on  aald  bond  and  mortgaga, 
and  that  t  havo  good  right  to  aaaign  tho  aam« 

In  wllnaaa  wharaof,  ata, 

\Whtn  tkt  tfd  mmd  mtritarr  U  tutigutd  m*  e»t. 
Mtnti  uturUf,  iiu*ri:  That  Uiia  aaalgnmaat  la, 
■avartkalaaa,  mada  apon  the  aaproaa  aondltton 
that  if  aald  C.  D.  («r  hi*  kgal  rapnaanuUvMS  ahall 
woll  aad  tmly  pay  w  aauao  to  ba  paid  ta  aald  B.  r . 
(«r  hli  lagal  rapmaaMilvat)  tha  aum  of — doUara  on 

•r  batero  tho da/  of ,  wtth Inlaraal 

from  tho  data  baraof,  thia  aaalgnmant  ahall  ba 
void  and  of  no  alftct  i  II  boing  aiada  fbr  tha  par- 
Boaa  of  aaouring  Iha  paymaat  of  aald  aum  aad 
nt  no  othar  parpaaa  whatavor. 

That  la  oaaa  aaM  B.  9.  («r  hi*  lagal  lapraaanla- 
,ilvaa)  ahall  colloet  and  raaolva  Iho  OMaay  dua  ea 
aald  morlgago  and  bond  haraby  aaalgnad,  ho 
■hall,  aftar  rotalnlag  iho  aum  of ' —  deliara,  with 
lataroat  iharaon,  aad  hIa  raaaoaaUo  eeata  aad 
•hargaa  In  that  babalf  aapoadad,  pay  alt  aiirpliM 
•O  aald  C.  D.  (nr  hit  lapU  rapraaaauutaa). 

Ib  wltaaaa  wharoof,  ata. 

AmImimm»-W«<m. 

A»^rm»r  it  It  uau. 
Pay  to  P.  B.       (5l(fWlA.  B. 
Pay  to  tha  ordar  of  P.  B.        {Slgmf)  A.  B. 
Pay  to  P.  B.  or  ordar.       (Sigmii)  A.  B. 

^m^Nm'  m*  Utt  IMk. 
Sta  "Amiommbwt,"  wO^trf  rtfmn*,  balow. 
Pay  to  P.  B.,  without  raeouraa.*       A.  B. 
Pay  to  tha  ordar  of  P.  B.,  without  raeouraa. 

A.  B. 
Pay  to  B.  P.  or  ardar,  urlthoul  raaaoraa. 

A.B. 
A— !»■— >~lft— . 
iu  sSiifiutttm  ^  a  DM. 
Know  all  aiaa  by  thaaa  preaaotai 
That  A.  B.,  by  hla  praaMlaaary  aota.datad  tha 

•—  day  of  — ,  pr«HBlaad  to  pay  C.  D. ,  ea 

tha day  of ,  with  tiitare«  at  the  rata  of 

—  per  eani.  par  •aaum. 
That  aald  aum  la  dua  and  owlaff  aald  A.  B. 

That  aald  C.  O.,  la  coaaldaraHon  of (to  hiai 

In  hand  paid),  doea  by  thaaa  proaanta  grant,  a*. 
,  aign,  tranafar,  and  aot  over  unto  B.  P.  the  aald 
note,  and  all  lataroat  Accrued  and  to  accrue  there- 
on, togathar  with  all  bla  title  and  Intereat  In  and 
rlgnta  under  the  aame,  for  tha  fUlowlng  uaea, 
purpoaea,  and  Intanta,  via.; 

That  out  of  .the  prfceeda  of  aald  nata  anid 
B.  P.  ahall 

I.  Retain  for  coala  and  chargea  of  eoUaation 
the  aum  of——, 
a.  Retain  for  hia  own  uae  the  aum  of—. 
S.  Return  and  pay  unto  aald  C.  O.  the  aurplua 
amount  of  aald  moaeye. 
Bte.,etc. 
In  wllnaaa,  ate. . 

^  Per  value  rasetvod.  I,  the  whbla-niaaMd  A.  B.. 
iMreby aaiign, trananr, and  aat  overall  my  tMa 
and  IntarMf  In  and  rigbta  under  the  «H«Mn  writ- 
tan  order,  and  the  manaya  thereby  aanufad  uata 

AaUnaMBt— VmrtMMkte. 

T&fmt-Qf  MmdMit. 


B.P. 


Know  aB  men  by  I , 

That  A.  B.  nnd.  0.  D.  wer*.  unta  the  -~-  day  of 

l»-ThaM  are  Iha  woidi  gtnarnlly  umd,  $  Matt,  aas  i 
u  Id.  14 :  and  are  added  10  an  Indonnaani  ta  order  w 


—  laat  paat,  perlnaro  engaged  In  tha  builnaM 
of 1  al  — ,  undar  tna  Arm-name  of  •,  A  O. 

That  aavaral  dabta  are  atlll  alandlng  out  owln| 
and  unraaalvad  by  aald  portnarahlp,  and  by  uid 
partlaa  acaounlad  daaparala  and  doublflil,  achtd- 
ulao  of  whiah  are  haraunle  annaied  and  haraln- 
after  rafarred  to. 

That  by  raaaen  of  tha  pramleee,  and  for  (h« 
eonaldaratlana  hereinafter  eat  forth,  aald  partlii 
do  by  thaaa  praaanta  aaaign,  tranafar,  and  hi 
over  to  each  elhar  for  Ihalr  raapaaliva  and  aavarai 
uaea  and  beneftia  aald  dable,  aa  fallowa  1 

To  aald  A.  B.,  all  tha  dabia  daocrlbad,  man- 
lloned,  aad  referred  to  In  the  echedule  haraunio 
anneaed,  marked  A  (•r  numbarad  on*  1 1 J  I. 

To  aald  C.  D.,  all  the  debia  deecrlbed,  man- 
tlonad,  and  referred  to  ia  the  echedule  haraunto 
anneaed,  marked  B  {»r  numbarad  two  [»\  \. 

That  aald  dabu  remain  due  and  uapald  ( 


o.>. 


I  uapald  ((iciiii, 


That  aald  debte  are  aaelgned  without  raaeuraa 
for  aay  eauae  whatavar,  and  are  to  be  eollecud 
at  the  coot  and  aapanee  of  the  reepecUva  aa- 
elgnee,  aad  la  each  manner  aa  aald  aaetgnee  may 
lawfully  eleet. 

In  wlineea,  etc. 

wlgniNMNt— mrtaAtaklm. 

fMnir$hU  lul*rnl  «r  .SUra. 
r  taaae  preeaata  1 


n  by  taaae  nreeaa 
.  B.,  C.  0.,  and  B.  P.  ware,  ca  the  — ■ 


Know  all  men 

That  A 

day  of ,  partaere  engaged  In  the'  buMnaaa  of 

— :•  at ,  undar  the  Brm-name  and  atyle  of  A. 

B.  ACo. 

That  by  the  arUelea  of  agraemaat  entered  Into 
ae  ouch  partnare,  it  waa  aiipniated  (aaraag  othtr 
ihin«i)  that  ea  the  death  of  a  partner  llie  aurvlvora 
■bould  pay  hla  eaeeutore  or  admlnlstraiora  for 

hla  ehwe,  aad  become  bound  to ,  pay  and  In- 

demnliy  them  for  the  came,  and  that  ihoreupea 
they  ehonld  aadfa,  tranafer  aad  act  avor  uate 
aald  partnare  anld  dacaaaed'a  ahare. 

That  on  Ike day  of  -  -  cold  C.  D.  died. 

That  by  the  laal  will  and  teeument  of  eald  da- 
■eaaed,  B.  X.  aad  T.  R.  were  appelated  eaeeu- 
tore thereof. 

That  on  the day  of  — .  eald  eaeeutore 

arwed  eatd  will  and  nccapted  the  truat  therein 
In  them  ranoeed. 

That  the  value  of  aald  ahare,  upon  a  fhlthlkil 
and  true  Inventory,  and  ftilt  and  correct  accounv 
inctla  aacertalnad  la  be  of  the  vatu*  of—-. 

That  aald  A.  B.  and  B.  P.  have  given  a  bond  In 

the  cum  of  to  indemnity  aald  aaacutora 

agalaat  alt  and  every  UabUlty  and  obhntion 
whaiaoover  by  reaaoa  af  aaM  dacoaaed  bmag  ol' 
and  Intareoted  la  aald  partnarahlp  eoncem. 

That  aaM  B.  X.  and  T.  R.,  Igp  raneon  ul  tha 


nramiaee  and  In  conalderation  or  the  aum  of  - 
(tha  lecaipt  of  whidi  fai  kar^  ackaoarjadgad)  do  by 
thaaa  praaeata  (tuUeai,  however,  10  iha  approval  ol 


the  — —  court)  frant,  aell,  aaeign,  tranafer,  and  eat 
over  unto  aald  A.  B.  and  B.  P.  aB  tho  right,  tltk<, 
aad  Intereat  of  aald  C.  D.,deceaaod,  In  and  to  Mt 
dura  In  all  aetoto  and  emctt  of  anld  partnarahlp 
concern  ;eul^t,howevpr,  to  all  thai  


condWona,  and  atlpulatlana'  In  aald  partaetahCp 
iment  eontalaed,  and  ill  duliaa  and.Ha^UP 


ngraament  eontalaed,  nnd 
Ilea  Impoaad  thereby,  or  by 
Id  wftaeaa,  eto. 


reaaon  thereof. 


{{M  Sttf/trntmi.  ^^ 

Know  all  men  by  theoe  praaonto  1 

That  the  copnrtaerakin  hcretofein  aalatlng  ha> 
twaan  A.  B..or — ,nniC  S.,  ^f — ^,  under  tha 
•rm-aame  aad  aiyla  of  B.  B  P.,  i«  tkia  •— daap  M 
diaaehrad  to  aatnal  aonaant. 

Thnt  aald  A.  B.  doaa  harahy  aeU,  aaaicn,  trana 
Cir.and  eat  over  unto  anld C  D.  Uabawpartaf 
iflthagooda,wnraa,marchandlaa,ito»ta,cradita, 
and  eiicM,  aiaek  la  traoo,  aceauati,  notoa,  fcUfi, 
bonda.  righto  la  actiaa,  alalim  and  <laman4a,ha- 
longing  or  owing  to  aaM  oopartnerabip,  in  Taoar, 


aaO  aald  arauarty  aa  ha  may 
•%^ilteaa^dli*C--~ 


navaantaiiam.  to 

think  prapar.Bt 

daya;  toconaat, 

avoid  lacurriag  any  B^UMiy :  Chjmr  wua,  »jp»5  » 

Taunt.  i«»!  1  Carr.  H.  T.sjl:  %  Cruek.  iMi  7  UL 

iS9:*Miuii8.  •}•:  i4B.BKr3c|. 


Hpah -, 

',  ana  Ibr,  aud  receive  on 
Kitty  nUa,  »jp»s 


•ii(M*4  In  ih«  builntM 
Arm-nanM  of  •.  A  D. 
•till  ■landing  out  owlni 
partr>«T«hlp,  and  by  Mid 
rat*  and  daulMfiil,  Khtd- 
nie  anneaad  and  hirtln- 

•  pramlaaa,  and  for  tht 

•r  aat  forth,  aald  partli* 

Mifn,  traaatar,  and  ■«• 

■Ir  raapMiiva  and  Mvtrai 

ibta,  aa  fallowa  i 

I  dabta  daaertkad,  mtn- 

in  tha  achadula  hartunio 

laabtrad  dim  ( 1 1 1. 

I  dabta  daacrlMd,  mcn- 

la  tb*  achadula  haraunto 

uaibarad  two  [*]}. 

I  dua  and  Mapald  (mcciji, 

•Icuad  withatit  raeoHrM 
,  and  ara  to  ba  aaU««i«4 
w  af  tlia  raapactlvt  ai- 
•ar  aa  aald  aaalgnaa  may 


ItrMt  tr  £Ur». 


ipra       , 

t.  p.  wara,  ca  tha  — • 
[af  ad  In  tha  buMntia  cl 
rm-naBia  and  atyla  of  A. 

'  agraamant  antarad  Into 
I  atipniatad  (amoag  other 
»f  a  partaar  taa  aarvivera 
ra  ar  admliUstratora  far 
•und  ta  — — ,  puf  and  !»■ 
ima.aDd  that  tharaupoa 
nafar  and  aat  avar  unto 
■ad'a  ahara. 
r--aaidC.  D.  diad. 
nd  taatamaat  of  aald  da- 
.  wara  appabitad  aaacu- 

'  af ^1  aald  aaaeatara 

icaplad  tha  traat  tharain 

d  ahara,  up**  a  fUthfkil 
(UU  aod  earraet  nacouat- 
9fthaval«««f— . 
.  F.  hava  glvaa  a  baad  In 
^aaiaUy  aald  aaaaatara 
UaMHtw  and  obHfatloM 
r  aald  dacaaaad  Mac  a«' 
irtaatahip  aMMan. 
T.  R.,  tn  rawea  af  tha 
ration  or  tha  a«M  of  — > 
mby  aduowUdgM)  do^y 
owavw,  10  ih*  approval  oi 
aaaig»,  tranalbr.  and  att 
I  bTT.  all  tha  right,  titk', 
'..daaaaaad.  in  and  to  Wi 
Vieta  of  aal4  partnanhlp 
«r,  to  all  tha  agraaaMMa, 
taaa  in  aaM  partaarahip 
Ad  dU  dttttuaand  UabU^ 
by  raaaoa  tboraof. 


tittr     ■  ' 


•  prtw     - 

a  kcretafwa  aaiatiag  ^m- 
r&g.,"f — ^.nndortlN 

l.aD..>»tkiB 4«r9 

laoaaaM. 

loralHr  aall.  oMlcn,  tf»a»> 

•MCCuSfeafpttt^ 

rehaadiaa.  righia.  crMHta. 

10,  •CCOWIlCjMtMLMlfi, 


leopartMnMp,iiiT 
■Id  pcaoatty  ■•  ba  may 
M  •  M^tt  oaeiiding  — > 
1,  MM  (ar,  aua  ncalira  all 


AMIONMENT. 


Hf 


lunia  of  monay  dua  or  to  boeom*  duo  upon  told 
■ccounta,  notoa,  blllo,  bond*,  rtghu  In  action, 
claim*  and  damand*,  and  with  th*  pro«««d* 
th*r*of  to  pay  and  dUcharg*  all  th*  <l*bt*  and 
oblif  allon*  or  said  Arm,  If  in*  (am*  ahall  b*  •ufll- 
cltnt  lh*r*for  ;  and  th*  *urplu*,  If  any  th*r*  b«, 
10  pay  on*-hair  part  to  aald  A.  B.  or  hi*  lagal 
rtprnantativ**. 

That  *ald  A.  B.  do«*  n*r*by  mah*,  conatltut* 
and  appoint  aald  C.  D.  hi*  trua  and  lawful  altar- 
nay  Irravocabl*.  to  Mil  *ald  proparly  and  *ff*«t*, 
and  all  hia  aald  Intaraat  lh*r*ln  i  to  a*h,  d*niand, 
«ua  (or,  collact  and  racalva  all  d*bta  •vld*nc*d  aa 
a^oraMld,  or  otharwiM,  and  compound  tha  Mm* 
■  nd  prooacut*  *ulta  for  tha  racovary  tharaof.  at 
hia  diMratlon :  to  d*f*nd  anv  and  all  suit*  that 
may  b*  brought  agalnat  aald  Arm  ;  to  mah*,  •■- 
acuta,  dallvar  and  acbnowladga  all  nac***ary 
dfada,  convayaoeaa,  ralaaa**,  ■'*c*lpt*  and  dla- 
charge*  In  th*  pr*ml**a,  and  g*n*rally  to  do  any 
and  •v*ry  act  and  thing  raquwlta  ana  naccaaary 
toaacuraa  fiill.antir*,  campl*t*  and  *p**dyMt- 
tlamant  of  all  tn*  bu*ln**a  and  affair*  of  th*  Mid 
Arm ;  h*r*by  ratiiyiiig  and  conArmIng  any  and 
■varything  which  th*  *ald  C  O.  may  do  In  tna 


prami***. 
That  th*  aald  C. 


D.  will  **ll  tha  aferaaald  prop- 


arty  to  tha  baat  of  hIa  ability,  and  for  tho  b«at 
prie*  h*  can  obtain  th*r*for,  and  will  um  raaaen- 
ahla  dlllgane*  to  collect  all  accounta,  not**,  bill*, 
bond*,  right*  In  action,  claim*  and  damans*  du* 
■aid  Arm ;  and  that  h*  will  faithfully  apply  tha 
proceed*  of  auch  aalca  and  claima  In  accoroianca 
with  th*  abov*  racltad  truat. 

That  th*  aald  A.  B.  will,  after  tha  antir*  pro- 
ceed* of  aald  property  and  elhet*  hav*  b**n 
falthnilly  applied  to  tlio  payment  of  th  dabta. 
liabllltlaa  and  obllgatlona  of  aald  Arm,  pcy  and 
Mtlaiy  th*  ana-hiUr  port  of  any  remaining  dabt, 
liability  or  obligation. . 

In  witnaaa  wnaraof,  ate. 

AaalmaaaMf^-rMtoMl  Bl«lit. 

SM  dtl*  PATairn,  poat. 

Aaalarwaw*    Para^wnl  Piwpevly. 

Ktftrrk^  <«  Pirmtr  Bill  ^  SbU,  Ht. 

Know  all  man  by  thaaa  praaaota : 

That  C.  D.  ,ir  >>»  Mil  of  aala,  haraunto  attached 
l*r  annexed),  oaaring  data  tha  — —  day  of  — ,  did, 
for  tha  eonaidaradoa  tharain  *>pra**ad,  grant, 
bargain,  aall.  tranafiar  and  dallvar  unto  ma,  tha  un- 
daralsaad,  A.  ■.,  tha  gooda,  ehattala  and  aAicta 
tharaia  daacrlhad  r  w  th*  Ibllowlng jooda,  chattab  and 
ilieeia,  vli.)  aad  all  hIa  tltla  aiid  Intaraat  la  aed 
righta  uadar  tha  aama,  to  hava  and  ta  hold  tha 
aama  uato  mo,  my  halra  and  aaalgna  foravar. 

That  aald  gooda,  shattala  and  aflectt  are  bow 

In  tha  hulldlag  No.  — — ,  on auaat,  la  tha  elty 

of— — ,  ate. 

That  I,  tha  aald  A.  B.,  for  a  conaldaratlen  of 

doUara  (if  Ml,  M|r-«h«  nceip'  of  which  I* 

h«i«by  ackiiealeifced),  do  bargain,  aall,  aaalga. 
tranafbr  aad  aat  ever  unto  B.  F.,  all  my  title  and 
Intaraat  la  aad  righta  under  aald  Mil  of  aala,  and 
all  tha  gooda,  ehattela  aad  albeta  therein  mea- 
tloaod  and  deocrihed,  M  have  aad  ta  hold  the  aama, 
unta  aald  B.  V..  hie  halra  and  aaalgoa  ' 

In  wltaaea  whereof,  eta. 


Mw  rt.i.M.  mil.  i...  .  hB  ■■*'  B.F.,orhl4  aeeigna,  may  and  ar#  here^ 
?i- Tr^SL^^  K'\l  W  Mthortoad  <•  aaU  eiSdjiooda aiA  ehattala <«br—l 
itlis.     ^^  ■       per  jBantlem  than  the  Tifie*  above  gl»wlthea^  .rat 


A»  CtlUlerml  SttmHIf. 

Kaow  all  OMa  by  theeo  praaeata  i 

That  A.  B.  la  Indebted  to  C.  O.  la  the  aum  of 
,  fbr  (upon  cr  on  account  of)  —  due  aod  pay- 
able tho  •—  day  of  -^  aofit. 

That  iwM  A.  0.,  la  cooalderatiea  of  tho  prem- 
l**e  and  ta  eecare  the  pajrmeat  thereof,  doee  by 
theaemreeentt  aaalga,  traaafer  aad  aet  over  unto 
■aid  K  r.  an  hie  rfaptt,  titio  and  latereat  la  aad  to 
the  fcUowlag  gooda  aad  ehattala,  to  wit ; 

•        I        «• 
That  la  caaa  of  delhiilt  la  the  paymeat  of  aald 
Indebiadaeoe,  at  the  time  when  the  lame  ahall 
bac«niediM,orofaay«tharaumoraumaadvanceii 
eaid  A.  B.  Ifrom  time  to  time  by  eald  B.  P.,  then 


■htir  dUcrtlion,  tr  ■•  luch  tInMt,  la  tuob  ■  maanar  aad 
for  auch  •uin«  ■•  ihay  will  brina)  (at  nuMIc  tak,  on  — • 
diiyt'  noiic*  ihtrtnf,  lo  ih*  hl||n«ai  hlildat),  and  fMm 
the  proceede  thereof,  after  daducling  th*  nee**- 
•*ry  co*l*  and  eapanaee,  to  relmbure*  hImMlf  for 
all  *um*  that  ahall  b*  due  him  from  aald  A.  B. ,  and 
thereupon  pay  the  eurplue,  If  any,  to  eald  A.  B. 

That  If  eald  A.  B.,  or  hie  legal  reproMntatlvee, 
ahall  pay  or  cauae  to  be  paid  all  aume  at  tha 
lime*  and  according  to  th*  *lipulallon*  b*r*la 
*tat*d  ^nid  mad*.  th*n  thta  aaalgnment  ehall  be 
void  and  of  no  effect. 

In  witnaaa  whereof,  etc. 

AaalfiiMaoiat— rriaoa. 

/bAro  »»  St». 

Know  all  men  by  ihoM  preeonu : 

That  t,  the  underaignad,  M.  R..  maater  of  the 

prIvatMr  9.  R.|ln  cjnalderatlon  of (tha  r«c«ipt 

of  which  la  haraby  acknowlcdgad),  do  by  thoM  prea- 
anta  aaaign,  trenafer  and  mi  over  unto  E.  F. ,  all 
my  right,  tltla  and  lnt*r*al  In  and  to  all  aume  of 
money  due.owlng.'poyable  or  belonging  to  mo.  for 
my  —  eharae  In,  to  and  out  of  two  Mverel  ehlpe, 
with  their  appurtenancae,  lading  and  cargoaa— 
one  eallad  tna  S.  aad  the  ether  the  V.— both  of 

them  having  bean  taken  by  eald  privateer,  at , 

and  einc*  eondemned  aa  lawful  prlaae.  to  hav* 
and  to  held  tha  aama  to  hie  own  uee  and  benoAl. 

That  I  do  h*r*by  make,  conatltuta  and  appaint 
aeld  B.  F.  my  Uue  and  lawful  attorney.  Irrevoca- 
ble, to  aak,  demand,  receive  and  receipt  for  the 
eama,  hereby  ratifying  and  canArming  all  that 
my  eald  attorney  may  lawfully  do  or  cauae  to  bo 
done  In  the  premleee. 

In  witneaa  whereof,  etc. 
AaalgriaHMMt— BaclfM,  mr  rvraial*,  mt 
C«Map«aa4i.  . 

Know  all  man  by  theoe  proeentt  i 

That  I,  the  underelgned,  A.  B.,  am  the  Inventor 
aad  proprietor  of  a  method  of  manufacturing  a 
valuable  and  marketable  compound  known  aa 
( D*tcripti»»  ktrrmut*  atlmtlud ). 

That,  for  the  conetderatton,  harolneftef  men* 
tloiMd,  I  do  hereby  grant,  bargain,  mII,  aaelfa, 
eoavey,  tranefer  and  aet  aver  all  my  rtabt.  tltlo 
and  iataraat  In  eaid  eompouad,  unto  B.  F.  (of 

),  together  with  the  eacluelve  right,  jgnlnet 

me,  my  heire,  esecutore  aad  adnilnletratora, 
to  meaufacture  and  eell  aald  compound  forever  t 
Provided,  alwava,  upon  tha  full,  true,  unint*t> 
ruptad  and  continued  paymeat  of  the  coneidera- 
tloo  herelnaftar  mantloned,  therefor. 

That  eald  B.  F.  ahall,  ta  eonalderatlon  thereof, 
pay  unto  me.  or  my  legal  repreeentatlvee,  the 

etiut  et dollara  per  year,  for yeara,  aa  fol< 

Iowa  Kttmlint  lim§t^ ptg/mtnl)  (and  in  default  tberei<f 
ahall  forMi  all  right*  under  thia  aaalgnmant. ) 

That  I  do,  for  myeelf,  my  helra,  eiecutore  aad 
admlnlatratora,  eoveaaat  and  agree  to  aad  with 
aald  B.  F.,hta  heire.  eaectitora,  admlniatratoia 
aisd  aaalgna,  that  aald  recipe  or  formula  contalna 
the  fttll,lrue  and  praciae  deeeriptlon  of  the  pro- 

eirttone  of  the  elemeata  of  aald  compound,  with 
e  dlrectioaa  for  manulhcturing  the  aama ;  thiit 
I  have  not  heretofore,  and  will  not  haraalter, 
without  the  coneent  of  aald  B.  F.,  directly  or  la- 
directly  diaeloaa  the  aacrat  of  the  cempoeMoa 
thereof,  and  will  aot,'Wlthout  auch  coneent,  com- 
pound, manufJactura  or  eell,  or  la  anyway  permit 
or  be  tatareeted  la  the  compouading,  manulhe- 
ture  or  eale  of  the  eame,  or  aay  compound  formula 
or  recipe  contalalag;  tha  aama  or  aiullar  elemeata 
or  lngi«dlenta,and  doalgned  for  a  like  ptirpoee. 
la  wiueea  whereof,  etc 


Sea  AaioimaNT^NoTS,  above,  and  AaaiomiBirr— 
WiTNOtrr  Racovnaa,  below. 

Aa«lB«Ma«>   Bawirltjr  €l»aa«. 

S«*  AaaioMMiNT— -MoaTGAGB  amo  Bono,  above. 

CoiiATaaAL  Secuarrr  CLAuaa. 

(Addnfltr  tUteriting  th*  /r»^tf  vignttl,) 

Provided,  however: 

Upoa  tho  coaditloa,  however,  ete.,  «r 

Sabtleet,  aevenheleea,  to  the  conditloa,  that  If 
a  eerttla  premleeonr  aeta  (<r  tihtr  tMi,  »r  tvi- 

Jnci  tfitk.  4ntrii&g  «)  lor  the  eum  of dot^ 

lan,|^«m  (ardua)  ftom  said  A,  •,  W  MM  V>  f  t 


ASSIGNMENT-AUTHORITIES. 


I. 


■1 1 
( : 


I 

4 


\ 
■i 
I 


kMrto*  4«M  tk« 4ay  of .  U  w«ll  and  irul* 

Kid,  a«c«r4ln(  M  tk«  iwin*  wr  tanor  iharaor, 
an  thla  Mat«nman«  akall  ba  vaU. 

S««  AMioNMifri-— ArraawTiia,  ibovt. 

In  eonal4arallan  of  iha  aum  af dallara,  iha 

raaalir*  "'  which  la  haraby  acliiiowla4(ad,  I,  tha 
ua4aratfna4  A.  •.,  4«  haraby  aaaign,  itanafar, 
•n4  aat  ovar  Iha  wlthln>nama4  aarvaal  la  aarva 
B.  r.,  hia  aaaautora,  •4nilnla«rat«ra,  an4  aaalgna 
in  tha  maanar  aM  far  Iha  raaUua  af  Iha  larm 
wllhln-fiiaaUoiia4.     (Sttimtmr*,  M»4t*r)     M.M. 

Wltnaaaaa,  ate.       (Simt/arr,  SrrMMl)    I,  T. 
WHgymimrt  ^  S*m  M—tir)    M.  fe, 

AaaljraM««*— Mk**4M  •€  M««ll. 

Know  airman  by  thoaa  praoanta  i 

That  I,  tha  un4aroicna4,  for  a  aaiial4afall«n  af 
—  4ollara  haraby  aaaign  all  my  Htla  aa4  intaraat 
in  an4  righta  un4ar  tha  aharaa,  aari|»,  an4  aap4tal 
atoah  an!  proforty  of  tha  aamfany  aa4  aoryara* 

llan  bnawn  aa  tha  C.  Y.  Campany  af ,  In  tha 

■tau  of ,  ao4  4aaarlba4  aa  fallowa  i 

Abatract  af  tharaa  af  Capital  Stoak,  ate. 

That  I  haraby  aavanant  ana  agraa  with  aal4  E. 
r..  aa4  hIa  lagal  ropraaanutlvqa.  that  at  tha  ra- 
•tiaat  rf  him ,  ar  tham ,  I ,  an4  my  lagal  rafraaanta- 
Hvaa,  attaU  aM  win  at  any  tlma  haraafkar  aaaaata 
any  laatminaat  or  writing  whioh  ahall  ba  naaaa- 
•ary  ta  vaat  aamplataly  la  him  ar  tham  ail  my 
aal4  right,  titia,  and  laiaraat  In  and  ta  aald  prap- 
arty  \  and  ta  anabia  him  ar  tham  to  poaaaaa,  aon- 
trai,  a«|ay,  and  tranafW  tha  aama,  ar  any  part 
Otaraaf. 

la  witnaaa  wharaofi  ota. 

For  valna  raaalvad,  I,  A.  B.  (af  •^—),  aaaiga  all 


uv  raaoiTov,  a*  n,  m%  \^     ■     /,  ■■«H|i 

my  tltla  and  Intaraat  la  and  righta  undar 

akaral  (nuaib«r*4  ooaMOutlvaijr  Aom  io7|4  lo  107441, 
-     "    ■  )  ta  B.  P.  (of ), 


ipaay)  tt 

aaaigna  and  aabatitataa, 
pawar  ta  raaalva  In  hIa  ar 
■  Ibr  aald  aharaa,  haraby 
ar  thair  raauaat,  ta  da  all 


In  tha  —  Banh  (cr  eomiiaa; 
and  eaaatltuta  him.  bli 
my  attaraaya.  with  niU  . 
thoir  namaa,  eartUlaataa 
abllglni  myaalf,  at  hIa  ar  thair  raaiM   . 
•aaaaaary  mattara  and  thiaga  far  tha  mora  affaot. 
•aUy  traiiaibrring  tlM  aald  uiaraa  ta  bim  ar  tham. 
Witnaaa  my  hand.  at*.  A.  B. 

Baaeatcd  and  aabaowladgad  balbra  ma  thia 
^—  day  af  —1  A.  D.  — -. 

N.  r.AMifyAtMir, 

la  — ,  aauoty • 

Ji^Wi 


C  D.  Mr  all  awaafma>ay 

dtta  or  ta  baaomo  dua  ta  ma  fer  aarvlaaa  aa  — — . 

That  I  da  harabgr  dppalat  and  aanatHata  aald 
B.  9.  and  Ma  aa^gna  my  •Maraajr  Iwayeoabla  ta 
do  and  aarferir  airaata.  matiara  and  tMaga  la  tka 
Bramlaaa,ln  Ilka  mannar  aad  to  an  lataata  «M 
^urpaaaa  aa  I  aadid  If  paraaaaUy  yraaaat. 

In  wUMoa  wharaor,  ota. 


S»a»rt. 

Knaw  aU  maa  bjr  tbaaa  vraaaMat 

That  A.  B.  la  ladaMad  ta  B.  V.  In  tha  awn  of 

>— IbrdnMiaaraaaaeaaMaf) .wMakwaadM 

aadpayvNaaatba **f*t- — loai|MMM. 

That  Ikara  Udaa  aald  XV.  fer  Ma moi 

aarviaaa  on  baaid  tha  m^  %.,  M.  B..  maatar 


anmaf 

That  bv  raaaan  of  tka  aramlMB.  to  aatlalbrtlaa 
aad  illaaliarga  af  aald  IsdaModoaaa.  Mljbr  Mm 
fltfUiar  conaidaratlaBef— .tha  aald  A.  B.  dpaa 
iMraby  aaaiga,  traaalbr,  aa4  aat  ovar  mta  aold 
B.  r.  an  hiS  right,  tltla,  aod  totaraat  la  and  ta 
•aid  aum  of  -—  doUora,  tha 


(withoM  lauauTM.  ate.) 

That  aald  A.  B.  doao  harrtw  MAka,  aoaadtota, 
aadawotetaatd  B.  P.  aad  Ma  aMrima  Mb  b 
aad  lawM  atfaraajr,  to  Ma  IMBM  ar  oibarwiaa, 


, i,to 

■■»,  «aMMu>d,  raaatoa,  ted  rotHyt  ibr  aald  tugaa* 
towlluiMiaW. 


AaalgtawoMt— WUb««it 

Par  value  raaaWed.  I  haraby  aaaiga  an4  Iran*, 
far  lilmit  m*»l),  togtthar  with  all  my  lltia  an4  In- 
taraat la  and  rignu  un4ar  Uia  aama  lo  B.  P,i 
HovMi.if ,  alwaya,  that  thia  aaaignmant  la  wlih> 
eul  racouraa.  (Slgm^)  A.  B. 

{tfil»4>t)Q.  K. 

Aaaiy  aw<  mt  Wtmww.  AaaPnwaa;  Witi 

AaralBMHBO**  mt  Brr*M.  Haa  Practkb. 

AaoMNlBalt.  8aa  P«*c~nca 

Aawwihao.  SaaCoMvavAHciiNi;  ImuMAMca. 

AaMVM.  laa  IdavaAm-a. 

AtlMlat.  8^  PaatoMAi.  Rblaiioh;  PaAcrica. 

t<<»l»<ar,  %—  TaaAwm. 
4to«i»l.  8m  Cbiminal  1.AW. 
AtioawMMI.  Am  CimvaVAHcm ;  Wbitimw. 
AMoMlnB  WMwaaa.  SMCotrTBACts;  Convbt. 
akcbb;  WiTwaM. 
A*<i»waf'a.  4m  Aobhct 
A*4*niHioMt.  8m  CoNTBAcia 
A«te>woyOa»or»l»   8aa  Orrua  «m  Orri- 

AmMmi.  tea  Baub. 
Aa^tMMOO**.  Sm  Aoannr  i  Aobittb. 


tsm:^ 


^■Oi«ta.  8m  PBAcTica. 

Sm  OtBKB  AMU  OrncBB. 


AatlMlitlOStlMi.  Am  Pbacticb. 

AVTHABITIBB.  Sm  EviobhcB)  Law. 

Am  Authokitv  It  an  «iMam«nt  or  an 
opinion  retiad  upon  at  aalabliahing  or  dtclaring 
tha  rule  of  law  which  is  to  b«  applied  in  anv 
caM.  Tha  opinion  of  a  court,  or  of  couiuci, 
or  of  a  taxi-writer,  upon  any  queation,  It  uiutlly 
fortified  by  a  clution  of  auth.'rilin. 

The  authority  of  the  con«ii:ution  and  of  the 
(tatutea  and  municipal  ordinances  are  {lara- 
mount }  if  there  is  any  conflict  among  these 
iho  constitution  controls,  and  courts  declare  s 
statute  or  ordinance  which  conflicts  with  the 
former  lo  be  of  no  authority. 

The  decisions  of  courts  of  justice  upon  simi- 
lar cases  are  the  authoHties  to  which  most  fre- 
quent rcson  is  to  be  had;  and  although  in 
tneory  these  ara  subordinate  to  the  fint  claw, 
vet  in  practice  they  continually  ei|dain,  en- 
large, or  limit  the  provisions  of  enactments,  and 
thus  in  efisct  largely  modify  them.  The  word 
•uthoritiet  it  frequently  tued  in  a  restricted 
sense  to  designate  cltatioos  of  this  das*. 

Tbo  opinioiM  of  legal  writers  of  tho  van 
nnmber  of  trealues,  commentaries,  and  text- 
books, are  anotLer  and  still  mora  subordinate 
chna  of  authorities.  Opinions  of  a  text-writer 
upon  any  particular  point  most  b*  considered 
not  merely  as  the  opinion  of  the  text-wriler, 
but  aa  the  supposed  result  of  the  autboritiea  to 
whictrhe  reran.  If,  on  examination  of  those 
authorities,  thcv  we  found  not  to  establish  it, 
his  opinion  is  ditrrgardcd.*  Where,  however, 
the  writer  declares  Ms  own  opinion  as  founded 
upon  principle,  the  learning  and  ability  at  the 
writer,  together  with  the  extent  lo  which  the 
raason  which  h*  aangiw  commend  themselves 
to  the  reader,  determiice  the  weight  of  his 
cpinion.  In  estimating  the  Icaraing  and  ability 
OT  an  author,  his  judicial  or  non-judicial  station 
is  not  a  just  test  of  his  authority,  dKN^li  it  may 
be  borne  In  mind.* 

An  authority  may  be  of  any  degree  of  trcight 
from  that  of  abaoltile  conclMiveneM  dotm  lo 
the  bintest  preaumplioa. 


••j" 


*  P. 
ffl- 


joi.    h-tm  I  T.  R,  44,  a4( :  Rais. 


ihmm* 

i«r«lly  aaaica  an^  tran*- 
wllh  all  my  till*  and  In- 
d*r  in*  aama  la  I.  r  : 
ihta  aaatanmanl  U  with- 

mw.  Sm  Onwia:  Wifi 
)•••.  Hm  I^a<  ric*. 
mca 

rVTANCIMO;    ImvHAMCi. 

M», 

I.  RlkAIKM  i    PkMTICI. 

•OH. 

At  UW. 

•vaTAHcaa:  WamiNM. 
SMCofrraAcn;  Comvit- 

ir» 

iirriiAcm. 

.   9«a  OPWU.U  An  Ottu 


iBNCTt  AoBirni. 
N  PaAcnca. 
AMD  OvricBB. 
>•  PlACTIca. 

n  tvioBHcai  Law. 
an  enactintnt  or  an 
!t(abliahing  or  dtclaring 
b  to  be  applied  in  anv 
a  court,  or  of  coumcf, 
I  anjr  queation,  ii  luually 
'  auth.>ritica. 
conxti:uiioii  and  of  the 
1  ordinancea  are  (lara- 
ly  conflict  among  tbete 
li,  and  courti  declare  a 
hich  conflicu  with  the 
lority. 

rt«  of  juatice  upon  aimi- 
itiea  to  which  moat  fre- 
had;  and  allhough  in 
dinaie  to  the  lirtt  clau, 
coatinually  eaplain,  en- 
aioni  of  enactmenta,  and 
odifjr  thcai.  The  word 
Ijr  na«d  in  «  reitricted 
ioaa  of  thia  claaa. 
[•1  wriiara  of  th«  vast 
ommmtariM,  and  tcit- 
I  atiU  mora  aubordinate 
Mniona  of  « text-writer 
lint  mnat  ht  conaidcrcd 
nion  of  tb«  text-writer, 
lilt  of  the  autboritiaa  to 
n  examinaiion  of  thoae 
und  not  to  aalabliab  it, 
led.*  Where,  h«tw«ver, 
own  opinion  aa  founded 
ming  and  ability  of  the 
be  extent  to  which  the 
M  commend  tbemMlvea 
iKe  the  weight  of  hit 
t  the  tcaraint  and  ability 
il  or  non-jvaicial  station 
•Bthority,  (hough  It  may 

of  any  degree  of  weight 
canclnsiTenew  down  lo 
a. 


M|T.  R.  64.  Hc 


AUTHORITIES. 


Abbreviationa  are  one  or  more  letlen  o»ed 
(ir  sk  worJ,  (hu»  1  HI.  Comm.,  for  Blackatone't 
Comineniarie*.  U.  S.  A.,  for  United  Stale*  of 
America.  They  are  alui  arbitrary  markii  or  ilKn*, 
ihut;  Iforilollar,  KiMlihalilte.  ChriMlan  name*, 
trticlea  of  trade  ami  commerce, ()u«ntille«,qual - 
ilie*,  aa  well  a*  lexilMxik*,  report*,  etc.,*  are 
rreijuently  represented  b^  abbreviation*  often 
unileratood  by  the  individual,  profc«*ional, 
Iraileiman,  etc.,  only.  In  matter*  of  impor- 
tance, aa  account*,  aKreement*,  amount*,  date*, 
name*,  qualitie*.  anc  the  like,  alibreviation* 
^•houid  bit  avoidc'l,  a*  trnding  to  ml*cun*truc- 
lion,  mi*under*tandin|{,  and  cunlroveny  ;*  yet, 
if  tn  abbreviation  I*  adopted  in  the  lnce|iiion 
of  my  tranaactlon,  it  thould  be  carried  through 
to  it*  final  conaummaiion. 

Ahbreviatiun*  *houl(l  approach  aa  nearly  aa 
po**ible  to  the  outline*  of  the  original  word. 

Tablet  of  abbreviaticm*,  etc.,  of  authoritie* 
in  general  u*e,  and  cited  in  thlt  volume,  may 
be  found  in  the  variout  law  cataloguea,  legal 
bibiiamphyi  ranorta,  etc. 

AutnemiGatloti  it  a  proper  or  legal  atteata- 
lion.  Acts  done  with  a  view  of  cauting  an 
initrumeiit  to  be  known  and  identified.  An 
act  or  attestation  of  the  authenticity  of  any  in- 
itrument,  copy,  or  writing.     See  Acknowl- 

tDOMlNTl    EVIDBNOL 

AvraBmcATioH  r«wm. 

f  «»f«leMI— -<ltiew*l  rmwm. 

United  Stataa  mf  Ameriea,  Sute  ef . 

county,  aa  i 

I,  we  undweianed  (Jk*rf  Hutrt  ^etml  Mb),  of 
— »■■  i» .  hereby  eerUiy  that  (ktrt  itmu  tkt  nt- 

la  teaUmenv  whereof,  I  have  herennta  eat  my 

hand  aad  oMeUI  aaal,  at  myefllaa  In ,thto 

—  day  or ,  A.  O.  - — . 

I'Sm'- J  {SigmUmrt  »m4  <^cM  Hth.) 


Aalfceatl— tl—   Cewr  mt  At 

8tau  of , caaaty,  aa. 

,^^"f^^  aerttiy  that  the  (aliove,  #r  foi«goiR«,  #r 
w  ihin)  to  aa  aMMt  (enaiiriiaMl)  eopy  af  the  (ad- 
■^nhuadoB,  •r  tUfr)  aeeawat  af  A.  B.  (t  a.  R., 
■dalalitiBterarihewtaMof  D.  D.,dw«H«l,«r  E.  X.. 
taacuMr  of  the  bM  will  aad  tntaiacm  of  D.  O.,  de- 
cniwi,  audlMd,  paKiad,  aad  SUd  in  Ik*  oOea  of  the 
— ,  Of  — — oouaiy,  *ic.) 

la  tastlmaay  wbereaf,  ate. 

■tau  af , eaaaty,  aa. 

I  hereby  eertiiy  that  1  have  camparad  the 
{above,  er  aaaesed.  *r  fcn«ola>,  «r  wlihialeapy  aad 
indoraemaata  tkaraaa  with  the  ariainal  r«<a/« 
«4a/)^a  Ma  In  thto  attee.  awl  tbattlieiS^el^ 
Wl.  tone  aad  earroet  ttaaacripta  af  the  eane. 

la  taaUmaa/  wharaaf,  ate. 

Inteatlaaaay,e«c. 


Itataaf 


aamuy,  aa. 


wutrSliair'T'i/  ■****  ^**^  CMeftaByeampared 
"wT-TSi"?*'  •«»•••  a  corraet  traaacript  efthe 
-hail  ol(Ma«»*aM).  aa  the  aame  appam  .rl^ 

'  *t  rwwnl),  Ci  the  ^Kkf  af  the ,  af , 


cord, 
ftnrt 
In 
la  taattaaeny,  ate. 


»*ee4C.ftr.|i;pCe.4l. 


A«(lia*itl«aitl«*»    4'«|»]r  mt  Will. 

flale  of , counly.  Ml. 
horehy  «*rliry  thai  the  altav*  Ur  ■iin«>«.i.  •!«  \ 
I*  an  eaatt  copy  of  Ihe  laal  will  and  (•■tam(nt 
of  D.  D.,  doeeaaed.  which  waa  duly  admiiiad  ta 

probata,  and  I*  Alad  of  record  In  the  ofllce  of . 

of .  at*.  ' 

In  laatlmony,  ale. 

AwtkoNtiacitlan-Olllalal  Ckarneter. 

tiata  of , counly,  a*. 

1,0.  It.,a(#ie'i>i^  «fi,ml till,).  In  and  for  veld 
eounly  and  flala,  do  haraby  carlirv  Ihal  O.  C, 
whoaa  noma  la  aubactlbad  lo  Iha  abnval«r  an- 
lM«*d,  »r  furrgiilng,  #r  i"llhln  tl»l,  w)>»t\.  I*  a  I  !/<!/« 
M>h4tt,tiviit  in  ^iMt  till,  tit  ,  tn  /all),  In  and  for 
-,  and  I*  duly  quallAod  and  acllne  aa  auch 

a*   E  AMB  auTAll  Aa>M..AloaA^   ...IaW  ak—   h.T_j 1.1 


That  I  am  wall  acquainted  wVih  the  "handwrlirng 
ind  that  hta  elcnature  to  oald  !•• 


of  oald  6.  C,  and  ... 

atrumani  I*  genuine. 

In  laallmony,  etc. 

AwtliaNlle«ill*H-Tr*Na«rl|i«  mt  Jw4l«< 

MOMt. 

■tata  of , county,  *e. 

I  hereby  aertIN  that  the  above  la  a  fkill  and 
eorrect  tranacrlpt  of  a  Judgment  eniarad  on  the 

■*—■•■' ,ln  the  court,  In  favor  of  A. 

alnllfr  and 
Judgment 


day  of  - 


?•  J"-"?  •«»••"  wherein  A.  ■■  w'ao  plainilff  and 
C.  D.  defendant,  aa  the  eama  appeara  la  ' 


Record  No. 


page- 


.      -,  pai 

In  teetimony,  etc. 

Citation  of  aulhoritiea  b  the  reference  lo 
the  «ext  of  the  act*  of  legiilature*,  treati*ei, 
text-booki,  reports  of  causes  decided  by  the 
courtt,  for  the  purpoae  of  supporting  Ihe  pro- 
potitiont  advanced,  and  to  offer  facilities  for 
their  examination  and  comparison  upon  partic- 
ular subiccu. 

The  knowledge  of  Ihe  law  is  to  a  great 
degree  the  knowledge  of  precedents.  I'his 
inakea  a  frequent  reference  to  such  precedent* 
neceaaary,  in  order  to  confirm  a  statement  of 
the  Uw.  Conatant  reference  lo  enacted  law  it 
abaolutely  necessary.  Reference  to  works  of 
legal  writers  is  also  necessary,  to  cincidatn 
doubtful  points  of  law.  The  laws  of  the  gen- 
eral government  are  generally  cited  Inr  their 
date,  aa:  Act  of  June  15,  1876;  Act  of  1876, 
Ch.  170,  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  etc.  In  most 
States  reference  is  had  to  the  General  Statutes. 
Textbooks  and  reports  of  cases  decided  in  the 
various  ccrarts  are  cited  by  the  number  of  ihe 
volume  Mid  page.  Sometimes  the  book  is 
cited  by  pMragrapht  or  tections. 

Law  U  that  which  is  laid  down  or  esUb< 
lithed  by  the  supreme  power  of  a  State,  t^  the 
legtalature.  It  is  the  aggregate  of  ihoae  rules 
and  principles  of  conduct  which  the  governing 
power  in  a  community  recogniiea,  and  which 
It  will  enforce  and  aanction,  and  by  and  ac> 
cording  to  which  it  will  regulate,  limit,  or  pro- 
tect the  conduct  of  its  members.  It  includes 
not  onlv  the  acts  of  the  legislature  and  consti- 
tution Iwt  reports  of  adjudicated  cases,  text- 
books, treatises,  etc. 

Leadinc  caaea  are  thoae  cases  decided  by 
a  court  of  Taat  resort  which  decides  some  par- 
ticular point  in  queation  and  to  which  reference 
is  constantly  or  frequently  made,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  determining  the  law  in  similar  cases. 
The  character  of  a  leading  case  depends  upon 
its  priori^,  the  character  of  the  court,  the 
ai  lount  of  consideration  given  it,  and  iu  frea* 
dom  from  coUatenl  matten  and  questiona. 


IM 


AUTIIORmRS-BAILMFNT*. 


princlplM  o(  Uw  iinivtrMlIf 
•dmln>d  M  jua,  and  cimMm«ni  with  r«M<in. 
Maatra*  of  Utv  An  •ImtUr  to  •ilom«  In  n*om 
ttry*  Tkty  »n  authorlUM  iimt  |trlncl|>l<m  tiKi 
Mrt  of  lh«  nncral  cu«4iim«  or  common  l«w  of 
lh«  Un<l,  Anil  ar*  of  iha  lame  ilrtiigth  M  «talul« 
law,  whan  lh«  judrfea  h^va  .leci.Ut.i  what  I*  a 
mitim ;  and  thU  lialungi  lu  ih«  |u<lg«*  and  mM 
Iha  jury.*  Maximi  of  lh«  taw  ar*  contldarad 
law* 

Prtcadanu  aia  thuaa  Ug4l  acta,  dccUltMu, 
rormuUi,  InalrumanU.  ate,  which  ar«  dtamad 
worthy  to  •«*•  m  rulaa  or  miMlaU  for  tubaa- 
(|U«nl  caa«a.  It  U  much  Ijatiar  lo  »ilck  to  th« 
known  gcnaral  rule*  than  to  fidlow  anv  ona 
particular  iMr«c«danl  whith  m»y  b«  foundad  on 
raason*  unknown  to  u«.'  A  former  declnlon  ii 
in  general  to  be  followetl.  uni««a  "  niantfeatly 
•haurd  and  unju*! "  )  and  in  the  latter  caa«  it  i« 
d<KUrcd.  when  overruled,  that  the  former  ten- 
ttnce  waa  not  law,  not  that  it  waa  InmI  law. 
The  conaideralion  and  delilieration  u|ion  which 
It  waa  made  i»  an  important  element,*  The 
length  of  time  during  which  it  hu  iwen  acteil  on 
ait  a  rule  of  property  it  to  he  ronii<lere<l,  and  the 
lingth  of  time  II  haa  alooii  un(|ue<itioned  ;  <iiice 
where  a  rule  declared  lo  be  law,  even  tiy  an  in- 
ferior tribunal,  having  been  habitually  adopted 
and  acted  upon  by  the  community,  bf  come*  Ihui 
imbedded  in  the  affain  of  men,  and  it  may 
frequently  b«  belter  to  enforce  it  a»  It  It  than  to 
dlMurb  or  unietile  it.  In  order  to  give  pre- 
cedent* k  binding  effect  there  nhouUI  M  • 
carrent  of  daciiiont.'  The  antinuity  and  fre- 
quency of  their  adoption  in  quettlon*  of  prop- 
erty might  unjuitly  affect  vetted  ri^hti  by  • 
departure  from  them,  and  Ihit,,  Oierefon,  Is 
very  caulioutly  done. 

Written  form*  of  procedure  which  have  been 
Mnctioned  t^  the  courtt,  or  bv  long  profeaalonal 
ii«»g«,  and  we  commonly  follovrad,  are  aho 
precedent*.*    See  Plea  Di  no. 

PrinoiplM  are  tratha  or  propoaitlon*  to  clmr 
that  they  cannot  b«  proved  or  cMitradicttd, 
unlet*  1^  propoallion*  which  are  *till  dearwr. 
rHncipm  M«  oftwokind*— univeraal  and  (Irtt 
'  firinciplea.  Untvcnal  principle*  are  thoae 
knowii  w  axiom*  and  maiim*.  Firtt  principle* 
•r«  thoae  which,  Finf,  are  to  clear  that  they 
cannot  be  proved  by  anterior  or  more  manifeat 
truth* ;  Stcmd,  m  almoat  aniveraally  lecaived  | 
TkM,  «•  ao  *trongly  Imprwaed  on  o«r  minds 
that  wt  oonform  otirselve*  to  ikeia  whatever 
may  be  oar  avowed  opinion*.  Courts  recoc- 
nisfl  b«t  do  not  establiah  DrinciplM  (  thw  "  the 
right  to  defend  one's  salt  contir.nes  as  Iom  aa 
there  is  an  nnjttst  attack,"  was  a  principle  long 
before  it  was  ever  decided  l>y  r.  court. 

•.iBI.CoaM.«.    «.TarMadhUky,DMl.ftanid. 
Olat.  iCk.l.  •-Co.Utt.  11^,  4C0.  i  ••ePIewl.tr,^. 

s^.?2:i'f&j'ia,?>>'S'x  ^fibtt 

nt.  J-Co. UltM,  ill ;  I H,  Coaim.  70 :  TToan.  a.  iM. 
M-S  Johaa.tly.    ■-•  Craiwh.  tlr,  (31.1 4  Dale*,  416 ;  t 

W«Bd.  47S1 HM.  M.      M-l  Wh«M  Aio :  aYfL  Ck. 


WmA.tn.%  Orav,  tn..  •?  ■•  C«« 


power  bv 


wki<  U  we  diitin 
and  fi||hl  triiu> 
•nabiadlu  dHn 


Reaaon  it  that 
gul«h  truth  from  fai»«h(K>ii 
wrung,  and  tnr  which  w*  ara 
iHna  meant  Mr  thr  attainment  of  pariiiular 
end*.  Keaaun  it  the  tout  of  the  taw,  f«r  whin 
the  raawin  t«a»««  the  law  ceaawJ  A  p«r»on 
d*|)rived  of  r«a»un  i«  not,  In  many  cat**,  crim 
inally  rm|Mmiil))la  kit  hi*  acti,  nor  can  ha  <mcr 
Into  any  contract. 

Beala  ara  Impretalona  upon  wai,  waftn  i:r 
(unie  irn>icinui  tutwiance  capable  of  lieiiig  im 
|)re**ed.'  'the  public  teal  of  a  furtign  iltta 
(irove*  itaelf,  ami  public  aclt,  decrecH  anil  jti<l|{ 
manti  eaentiiliKed  under  tint  teat  are  rccovr.i 
aa  l/ue  and  genuine,'  if  tuch  'tale  hat  >Krn 
acknowlritgnl  wiihin  the  juriMiictitm  wtthin 
whl:h  the  forum  i»  located."  The  teal  of  * 
notarv  |ml)lic  it  taken  judicial  notice  of  th« 
world  over.*    See  StAU. 

AallMinSjr.  Mm  Aobmcvj  AvTMoamai;  Com- 
TaikcTti  CJovsaHMairr. 

tti««r  A»i«  AmmII.  ■**  CjiMinai.  Law 
«MV  Ma  AliUaiS.  ■•*  CaiMiHAt  Law. 

Av«r.  S<»  PaAITHB. 

A»wrn»a.  Hm  iNMiaAHce. 
AvvnUwti*.  ««  PiBAoma. 
AyMn**— •  ^^  PttADiwo. 
Av«ri»«»to.  8m  WawMT*  **•  MsMvaa*. 

Av«Wtir.  Am  Pi  aADiMO. 
AvaitofM.  Mm  Hbal  PaorBBTV. 
hwmtm,  HmAobniv;  ABaiTBAnuM. 

Awair*4l*l«V  <1v«r«  iWaCaov;  iMrtaMBirn; 
Paaaonti.  raorsBTV. 

BMJh'W****.  »M  Rbal  PaopBarv:  Watbii 

1— fc  ilia.  Sa*  CoNVBVAMBai  Ra*L  Paor- 
BBTV;  Vabo. 

■aiji     S«*  Omce  ahd  OvricBMa. 

■amnas.  I«*  BAiiMBirr*;  CAaaiBat;  O^umm 

CAB«IB«aOV  pAiaaMUBBt. 

11.  8a«  raACTicB. 
I|>Bmb4.  Sat  PaacncB. 
li-riaaa.  S««  PaAcnca. 

WUsM*  AaUwai.  Bat  Actiom  :  Pbacticb. 
faklt  rtaaaaa.  Sa*  PaAcrtca;  raoca**. 


1*01. 

E: 


■•illK  8««  Ovrtca  and  Orficaa. 

■niliwlall.  Sa*  Pbacticb. 

BAIUIBimL  Sa*  AiiBMCv;  Cont«act8. 
Baiuibnt  is  a  delivery  of  personal  property 
liy  one  party  to  another,  to  be  held  according 
to  the  purpote  or  object  of  delivery,  and  to  be 
retu.ned  or  dctivereu  over  when  tke  parpoac  or 
object  of  the  delivery  ii  accom|dished.  It  it 
the  delivery  of  goods  In  tnwt  upon  a  contract, 
either  expressed  or  implied, 


that  the  trust  shall 
on   the   part  of   the 


executed 
Is   th«   person   tfelivtrii^  tSs 


m- 


.  iTj:  I  Qiav,  in.    ••  ■••  teaiBi.  4i«.  •••  »•; 
AMtrMyeraiMgki  Msi.fcr  ¥>m  ftsdat 


b«   faithfully 
fafilee.* 

The  Bailor 
goods. 

The  Bailee  Is  the  person  to  whom  the  good* 
are  delivered. 

PrBctically,  bailments  are  of  thraa  kinds  1 

I.  Bailments  which  are  for  the  benefit  of  the 
bailor,  or  some  penon  whom  he  represents. 

oUaet  or  puna**,  and  upea  a  ooniraet,  a*pf*ta  or  t«v- 
plftd,  to  coofcna  t     "      "    ' 
Story  BatlM.  |t. 

ihatibain 

atoftMi  by  t. r--r 

niam  thall  ba  aattrr^.  a  KaM  Comt*.  }]a.  Adaiivtry 
of  foodt  on  a  condllloa,  tiipnaa  ta  tmpliad,  diat  Otf 
thall  b«  rttieiad  by  the  bailaa  10  ih*  bailor,  or  asBorit- 
log  10  hit  dlraetloaa,  at  toon  at  the  parpoata  nr  whkb 
ikeyarahalMtkrIkaaaswtnd. 


itotba  oMaBl  or  pufBMa oTdia  untt 

...    tmUwmmK^tH.BMm.    AdtHv- 

)ao^  In  iniM  upon  acaatrael.aapraaariaMlitd, 
1  mat  ttiaH  ba  duly  taacuttd,  and  iha  aeoai  ra- 
»y  iha  Kallaa  aa  toon  at  ika  purpotta  ai  ik*  baU- 


I  parpoata 


BAILMINTI. 


Ill 


'•r  bv  whl<  d  w«  diMin 
rh<MHi  «n<l  rtghl  fmut 
!•  rir«  •n«bl«<r  Id  Miin 
UlnRMnl  uf  iMriKiiUr 
)ul  of  iIm  Uw,  f«r  when 
law  c««a«»J  A  \ftum 
;M,  tn  many  «••«•,  tum 
a  acU,  nur  can  Im  «nut 

tM  upun  wai,  wafan  im 
;•  ca|Mbl«  of  bainn  im 
Mai  uf  a  furaign  tui« 
:  «i:it,  dacreco  ami  |u<lt; 
rr  ihl*  Mai  ara  rtcci»r,| 

If  luch  Mata  haa  brm 
(h«  iurtMlU'litm  wtthm 
caiail."     Tha  Mai  of  t 

judicial  iiulica  of  th« 
U. 
Mcvi  AuTHoamMj  Com- 

Sm  CaiMiHAt  I,a«, 

I.  SMCalMIMAt  Ut«. 


kDma. 

aMiMT*  AMI  Ma*aiiMa. 


Panraarv. 
Aa»iTa*rioH. 
.  HmC«c>i>;  limaMaimi 

■AL  Pwipaarr :  Watb* 
iMvaTAmaa;    RaAL   fmr- 

>MS  Ofrtcaaa, 

aim  J  CABMaaa;  CcUKMoa 


cnca. 

erica. 

!«•  Action  :  PaAcnca. 

Sm  PaACTiGB  i  Paiicwa 

r». 

itu  Oprican. 

CtlCB. 

iuBMCV:   CoHTSACn. 

ery  of  p«non«l  pimwty 
r,  lo  be  h«ld  according 
:t  of  (l«IW«ry,  and  to  m 
war  when  ika  pwpoae  or 
la  accomplithed.  It  It 
in  trust  upon  a  contract, 
[ilied,  (hat  the  tniat  shall 
i'  on    the   part  of   the 

person    dclivarinf  t^a 

tson  to  whom  the  goods 

ti  are  of  thrM  kinda  t 
are  for  the  benefit  of  tha 
whom  he  represcnta. 

IB  a  emiraiel,  sapnia  or  Ik- 
ofihal 


Maal  or  pwMM  at  iha  Irai 
mmJU^.mSlm.  AMI 
K  CMitmol.  aapnaa  or  iariiad, 
r  cMCuMd.  aiMl  tha  ■000*  n- 
n  as  Um  ptirpoaM  oMiM  ball* 
Kan*  Coma.  SM.  AdaNvory 
raprat*  or  tiapliad,  dial  tk^ 
tiles  to  Um  MIor,  or  aaacfi- 
«■  aa  Ika  purpoaas  Mr  whfck 
JeaaBMlM.s. 


t.  Rallmeni*  which  ara  tnt  tha  Kaixlll  of  the 
tail**,  or  Mima  |i«r«<>n  r*|ir*Mnia<i  Inr  him. 

I  lUilmanta  whteh  ate  fur  the  iienaAi  of 
huih  |«rUea. 

Thare  ara  Ihrao  dagraea  uf  care  and  illll 
l«n«:a  required  uf  ika  iMllae,  and  three  da||r«** 
g(  negligence,  (ut  which  he  I*  reaponsibla, 
ti'ciirillng  lo  Iha  pur^MMa  and  object  of  ihe 
bailmanl.  Thus,  In  iha  (irM  claaa,  ihe  Imtlae  U 
r«<|uirf>d  to  eierclM  only  slight  care,  and  I*  re- 
«|iim<ibla  only  fur  gniaa  neglect  t  In  ihe  second, 
h«  is  rmiuirad  to  axantse  gioat  care,  and  Is 
rm()<mslble  even  fur  slight  neglect  i  In  ihe 
ihinl,  he  Is  reijuired  to  •  larclM  ordinary  care, 
tnil  I*  rsspiinslbia  for  onllnar*  neglect. 

DlUganca  Is  iha  doing  thing*  in  ihe  proper 
lim*.*  The  following  are  the  inree  defreaa  of 
diligence  i* 

I.  Ordinary  diligence  Is  ihal  degree  uf  dill- 
i«nce  which  man  of  ordinary  prudence  aiarclM 
la  lasiieci  lo  Iheir  own  concerns. 

I.  ureal  or  cslraordinary  diligence  Is  that 
which  very  prudent  persons  take  of  iheir  own 
(iNicarna. 

J.  Slight  diligence  is  thai  degree  of  diligence 
ehich  men,  habitually  carelew,  or  uf  Utile  pru- 
itnrr,  generally  eiercisa  in  the  nanagement 
of  ihair  own  buslneaa. 

Naj|llf^anc«  cooalsu  of  Ihe  following  dairaee  i 
tha  want  of  ordi- 


I,  Ordinary  negligenca  la 

la  the  want  of  graat 
tha  want  of  alighl 


uary  dillgei 
>.  Slight  nagligrace 


diligence. 

1.  Oroaa  negllgenoa  ia 
diligence. 

Tnere  la  a  aupplementary  claaa  of  bailmenta, 
founded  upon  the  policy  of  ihe  law,  In  which  the 
bailee  is  reaponaibM  for  loaa  without  any  naglad 
on  his  part,  being,  with  certain  eaceptioM,  aa 
iasurer  of  Ika  safety  of  the  thing  hailed. 

When  a  panon  racelvaa  gooda  or  proparty 
of  another  lo  keep  withonl  recompanaa,  and  he 
scu  in  good  faith,  keeping  them  aa  hia  own,  ha 
Is  not  anawemble  for  the  lest  or  l^jnry,  aa  ha 
derlvaa  no  benalil  from  the  bailmanl  i  ha  la 
rcsponaible  only  for  bad  faith  or  groaa  nagll- 
gcnea.*  But  Ihia  obligation  may  be  anlaigad 
or  dacraaaad  hv  a  special  acceptance  i*  ana  a 
ipontaaootta  omr  on  tha  pnit  of  the  fanilaa  In- 
crcasea  the  amonnl  of  earn  re<|vlrad  of  him  i* 
knowledge  by  the  bailee  of  the  ckancter  of  ilia 
goods,'  md  by  the  bailor  of  iN  manner  in 
which  tha  bnllao  will  kaap  lhcm,a  are  Important 
circuaMtanoea.  So,  wMn  a  panon  raaaivm  an 
article,  and  nndattakea  gralnuawly  soma  com- 
mission  in  raapact  to  it,  aa  to  carry  it  from  ana 
place  to  anctker,  ka  k  only  liable  for  ili  inlnnr 
or  loM  through  his  groM  aegligance.    It  a 


^Siary  Balha. ;  |  Kas 


i^Si  JK*! 


■•U*,.*!, 


911:  ssalsary  BaOaa.  !<«:  C.  C.  Haa.  Adai.  itt.    » 


KKb 


■aHm.  laa  tal;  aa  la  UM  naaeaM  ar  ahn 

SSarr!^T^'IV.7;!i7fi!!t 


enough  If  ha  kaep  and  carry  il  aa  ka  do«  kit 
uwn  pru|)erly> 

The  Imrniwar,  <m  ihe  olhar  hanil,  who  re- 
ceives Ihe  aniire  benefit  of  ihe  Iwllmanl,  must 
UM  asiratifdinary  diliganca  In  taking  care  uf 
the  thing  biirruwad,  and  Is  ras|»inailtla  fur  avan 
the  •lightasl  negle«^i.*  Ila  must  a|iply  il  only 
111  Ihe  »ary  |nii|ium  fur  which  II  waa  borrowed  ^ 
he  cannot  |iermll  any  other  persim  lo  um  il  i* 
he  cannot  kaap  It  beyond  the  time  limiiad|l 
and  cannot  keep  )i  aa  a  t>l*<lge  for  a  demand 
ulherwiM  arising  against  iha  liailnr  ■ 

In  the  third  claaa  of  liailmenls  Iha  benaAit 
derived  frum  Ihe  cuniract  are  recinrucal  t  It  Is 
advaniagfsiua  to  tiulh  parlies.  In  the  cbm  uf  a 
pledge  given  on  a  loan  of  money  or  lo  Mcura 
Iha  imymenl  of  a  debt,  Ihe  one  parly  gains  n 
credit,  and  ihe  other  Mcurlly,  l>y  ihe  conlracl. 
And,  in  a  hallmanl  for  hire,  one  parly  ar<]uiraa 
the  UM  of  the  thing  liallail,  and  the  other  tha 
price  paid  therefor)  the  advantage  la  mutual, 
No,  in  a  bailment  (r>r  labor  and  Mrvlcea,  m 
when  one  person  dallven  materials  lo  another 
lo  be  manufiMlured,  tha  bailee  Is  paid  for  his 
Mrvlcea,  and  ihe  owner  receives  back  his  prop- 
erly enhanced  In  value  l>y  the  process  of  manu- 
fadure.  In  these  and  like  caaes  the  parllea 
stand  upon  an  equal  fooling )  there  is  a  perfect 
mutuality  between  them.  And,  thwefore,  the 
bailee  can  only  be  held  respoiMibie  lor  the  um 
of  ordinary  care  and  cumm<m  prudence  in  the 
preaeryation  of  the  property  balled. ■ 

Tha  diligence  required  is  |>ruportloned  to 
the  value  oi  the  property  baited,  or  the  delicacy 
of  the  operation  lo  be  performed.*  A  man 
aronld  not  be  ex|)ecled  to  take  tha  same 
care  of  a  bag  of  nets  m  a  bag  of  gold  i  or  a 
bale  of  cotton,  aa  a  boa  of  diamonda  i  or  a  load 
of  wood,  aa  a  boa  of  rare  palnlinn  i  or  a  rude 
block  of  marble,  aa  an  eaquiaitely  sculptured 
tUlue.  The  bailea  should  mtHtorlion  hia  care 
to  the  ii^ittry  or  Iom  which  is  likely  to  be  sua- 
talnttd  tnf  any  improvidence  on  kki  part.* 

A  BAILBB  Is  one  lo  whom  goods  a>« 
ballad  i  Ihe  party  to  whom  parsonal  propartv  is 
delivered  under  a  >«nlract  of  baUaaant.  tlia 
dullaa  ara  to  act  In  good  faltk,  and  perform  hia 
undertaking  In  rMnaci  to  tha  property  intmsted 
to  him,  wlln  Ihe  dlligenca  ana  care  reouirad  by 
tlM  nalun  of  his  angagamenl.  Whan  the 
ballaa  alotM  raoaivaa  benMi  from  the  bailmanl, 
as  wkara  ka  korrowa  gooda  and  chattels  for 
uaa,  ka  te  bound  to  axerdaa  aatraordinary  eara 
and  dlliganoa  In  prasarving  ikam  drom  ma  or 
injury  .a  Whan  Ika  ballaMat  la  mutually  bene- 
Adal  to  tha  partiaa,  aa  wkara  goods  and  chatlab 
ara  kirad  or  |>i«dgad  lo  sacura  a  debt,  the  bailea 
la  bound  to  aierciM  ordinary  diiiganM  in  pre- 

ia|t  aAd.  ft  I.  si*:  I  1.  Moa.  419:  4  Jokas.  141  11 
WMaii  *Mait.4*BlMld.  17,'  i  fU.  S71  sad  aura 
thlB  «ay  as  laawrad  In  oaaas  of  vohistary  ofars  ar 
(peyial  unaswaljlap ;   s  Kaat  Comm.  $n.     1-Bdv. 


lyriiw'tkV"^*'^ 


IM 


BAii^iirrt. 


ctNnifiii  WMK  ftWM  I'm  t»liM«iil,  M  «rH«f« 
M  ilM*fll  ImAs  flliiMal*,  •>*  Hi<Mi«y  lu  li««|. 
WidM«<  tlluMip«M,  Of  untUfUlim  ||r««Hila<wl  • 
dM  ■fferwwic*  ol  MHK*  I  iMtmlMttifi  In  ragai  < 
M  dkain.  !••  I*  •n*w*r*ttl«  i>nl)f  (<k  IK«  um  •■< 
UlNi  ordinary  ear*  whuh  ha  tjMlri«t  u|)im  hi* 
o>  "  |Hiif<ar1y  t>(  a  •imllar  natura  • 

N«  ballaa  la  biiun<t  lo  railallvar  iM  |wii(Mrt)r. 
fmcu.-^ing  to  iha  nalura  itl  hia  angagamanl.  a* 
MM*  aa  Iha  p«ir|ina«  fur  whUh  II  waa  iMtlad 
•kail  h«*a  liaan  atciMnitiUhH  In  hatlmanlt 
which  ara  >>an«(klal  •»  tmlh  tif  iha  pnnlaa  lo 
Iha  i-onlfacl,  iha  hatlaa  haa  a  rtghl  In  ra'ain  iha 
Iking  h«lla<l  tiniil  iha  <tii)aci  of  iha  taillmani 
IMa  Man  acctitniilu^t,  A  ballaa  for  work, 
kibnr,  and  i«t«lraa,  luc  h  ■•  •  machanlc  or  aril- 
tan,  wh<i  raraUaa  chitu«l«  or  malcrlali  in  ha 
r«|Milra<i  ur  mantifacturad,  haa  •  Han  npon  iha 
prwparty  (m  Mtvlcaa*  (hhar  hallaaa,  Inn 
liM^n,  commnn  cartian,  ami  warahowtaman, 
•Ian  hava  •  Han  fur  Ihair  charga*  • 

TIm  hatla«  haa  a  ifiacial  tirnparly  In  tha 
good*  or  chaltaU  lnlra«la<<  lu  him,  aamclanl  In 
MMbl*  him  lo  ilafanil  iham  by  aull  amlnal  all 
I  b«l  (ha  rightful  uwrrr.  Tha  ilaprxiinr 
•andalory  aiilnif  jiralulloiisly,  and  Iha 
of  toal  profMrly,  hava  Ihia  riflhi.'  A 
a,  wllk  a  mara  naked  auihorily,  having  • 
ftglil  lo  ramunaratinn  fur  hi*  tmuhia,  nul 
eonplml  with  no  uihar  Inlaraal,  may  topptirl  Ira*- 
paaa  for  any  iniury  amounting  lo  a  Irrvpaa*  dona 
wlilta  ha  waa  In  actual  poaaaaalon  of  Iha  thing.* 

A  ImUIm  cannot  dUpula  hU  halloi't  itita.* 

K  bail**  la  not  r««pon*lbla  fnr  Inaaaa  by  rnl^ 
btry/  lightning,  tam|M*t,  Inundation,  and  olhar 
Uk*  cslamlllw,  unl«**  thara  ha*  b««n  loraa  un 
jiMrttAabl*  dalay,  or  iha  party  haa  takan  upon 
MM  iIm  riak  of  (h«  caaualiy.  cr  h«  i*  al  Iha 
■uaa  lima  guilty  of  ncglact  *  Rut  loaam  hy 
mm*  privaia  or  McrM  theft,  to  axcuaa  Iha 
party,  dapand  upon  lk«  natura  of  iha  ballmanl, 
•n4  tha  particular  cIrcamaUncaa  of  tha  caaa.* 

A  HAILOK  It  ana  wko  balb  a  thing  to  an- 
Otkar;  Ika  party  wko  dalivtn  paraonal  nraparty 
■iidar  a  cotMract  of  hailmairt.  Tk«  bailor  muai 
,  Mt  in  goad  (ailk  toward  tha  baii««  (*  k«  mnM 
■armii  Mm  to  atijoy  tha  tkiNg  ballad  acconilng  to 
Um  oontnwlt  and.  in  MNna  bailmanla,  an  in 
kirinf,  wamuil  lk«  liih  of  'V  tkli'i;  kirad, 
and.  probably,  kaap  It  in  •al'  -  ti  '  n- 

9^    for  Iha  parpoiN  of  Ika  Hi<k;,'M','  «<  -niti- 
ing  lo  cuatom, or  aa  tka par   u  <).•  ,%.. 
,    CAimiBltt  ara  tkoai  j«r.     «  to 

tnuHport  goods  from  ona  plaoa  to  anotkar.* 

v-Bdw.  ladai.  •*),  91*1  Sainr  Baiha.  !*•.  lay.  »■ 
Mw.  lailm.  «l-f4-ioa-M*i  Kory  Btlhr^ll^  Cf, 
ly^iM.    M  ■"•*.  laal.  aai,  yia.  iio,  im.   H-ld.  ftf- 

|M.    y  gtary  Mlai.  «.  <.|*«.    o-ld.  Mf^t'   J^' 
Kaiph.  wt  14  tag.  L.  ft  M-  m-    Ipti^  iMm 


Carrtar*  ara  aiihar  romnwm  or  privata  cartian 

CtMimim  larilar*  ara  *M«,h  a*  tarry  good*  (>>« 
kira,  Indllaranlly  for  all  |.«ntin«. 

Tha  <!>>llnltl<)n  Imlu'U*  i:arri«r«  by  lainl  *n>\ 
walar.     I  ^ay  ara,  un  iha  •■«*  hand,  aiaga  <•■••  h 
|ti>if)rl*i  >r«,  railway  ciim|MinlM,  iruckman,  «ig 
i.nar*  and  taam<4ar«,  carman  and  p>Ml*r«,  «ii.| 
«>)>«*««  rom|>anl<««,  whclhar  auch  )iar«i««  mi 
ilirtaka  lu  carry  (imkI*  (r<im  <ina  |HinliMi  of  il-a 
Mma  town  to  an<i«har,  or  ihru«M|h  tha  «h.,{> 
rilant  <»f  Iha  counlry,  or  avan  mmt  on*  'Ui* 
•IT    klntfd<im    10   another      Ami,  «m  lh«  i>ih«r 
hand,  Ihl*  larm  Includaa  1  '«  ownan  and  mt, 
ler«  of  every  kind  of  v*  <<'      r  .^aier  craft  mIw> 
•at  ihenwalvaa  lie'-i.e  Ih    p->M>    >    iha  i*fri«tt 
of  freight  of  a      uind  tor  ^li    ^Ihi  chouaa  in 
amuliry  Iham,  wiinihar  tha  ailani  of  ihaIr  na>i 
gallon   ha   from    'i>%m   •     illnani   In  anolher,  iir 
only  In  'c  i-iaailng  iratla.tir  whalhar  amploycil 
III  ladir  I      •   unlaiilng  mod*,  or  In  ferrying, 
wllh    .<*     <    ar   mod*   of  mollvt   |iowar  ihty 
adopt.* 

l!ommon  carriar*  of  pa*«*ngar«  ara  tuch  a* 
carry  p*r*<m*  for  hira,  and  ara  boand  to  carry 
all  who  a(T«r.' 

Prlvata  cai  let  ir*  «uck  aa  do  not  carry 
good*  for  hire  IndilTerenily  fnr  all  paraon*. 

(,'OMMON  (.'AaRuat.  where  a  carrier  un 
dartaka*  to  carry  nnlv  for  the  particular  ucc* 
lion,  h*  cannot  be  hcin  rc*|)on*il)le  aa  a  common 
(arriar.  So,  alto,  If  ih<i  carrier  be  amntoyrti 
in  carrying  fnr  ona.  or  a  dcflniia  numner  oi 
penona,  hf  way  of  t|i*rlal  undertaking.  Ta 
coiMiliuta  ona  a  comir.i>ii  carrier,  he  mu*l  m*k< 
it,  for  iha  time,  a  rej^ular  cm|>l(iymcnt  lo  carry 
good*  for  hir*  IKa  all  who  ch<M»a  lo  employ 
him  •  Thia  rale  embrace*  the  propriaturt  of 
■lag*  wagim*  and  cnachet,  omnlbui**  and  rail- 
way* j*  *i*o  carter*,  e«|>re*«m«n,  porter*,  thip- 
owncrt,  and  all  who  engage  regularly  In  ihe 
trantpurtallon  of  good*  or  money,  ellhar  from 
town  lo  town,  or  from  place  to  placa  in  the 
■am*  town. 

Common  carrier*  ara  held  lo  tha  rtmmi- 
blllty  of  ln*ttrert  for  ih*  *al*  delivery  of  prop 
•rtv  IniniMad  lo  lh«lr  care,  upon  the  groundi 
of  public  policy,  lo  prevent  fraud,  and  colladon 
with  thlevaa,  and  b*cau*e  Ihe  owner,  having 
tarranderad  np  Iha  poaacaalon  of  hit  pro)  ^rty, 
!•  ganarally  unabla  to  abow  kow  or  where  the 
loaa  oerarred.' 

Or  mon  carri  rt  ..n  ratpontibla  for  aii  to** 
or  d  >;,4i  during  tranaportation,  tmu  whai- 
avo/  taata,  aicapt  Iha  act  of  God,  or  ih*  public 
oiMnny,J  Tk*  carriar  is  not  re*pon«ihla  for 
«m;  10  H,  H.  4Mi  II  in.  4yai  •  SuaM.  C    C.  mi  :  j 

t«;  •€.*?.!(•:  I  Nev.  I  far.  n  •  Plr*  so;  »i 
Vl.  iW :  I  CeoB.  u.  fe  Slery  Ballat  {  496,  sad  r>t« 
etud.  l-i  Daly  IC  P  )  mT-  J-Aua  Carr  ro.  1 1"?;  ■ 
T.  R.  an  a  Ld.  R»y(n_ooa.9ili  i_wHi  >!■  i  j  S*u. 


iMiRiea,  MBiaX-      -,. .     - 
ilyj  I*  Id.  4w:  4  N,  H.  *w:  .1  III.  jn.  ib*  a.i  rf 
Ooa  la  kaM  la  aataad  aalyM  *ueh  Intnubl*  iccldaata  aa 

oeaar  wMhaul  Che  latirvaaoaa  01  man  •  aganey  j  1  X- 
E.  ey:  *i  Wand.  i|a;  }  I*^  lays  4  OoMgl.  aty. 


BAILMKNTH. 


••J 


«it<h  M  «Mty  giiu4*  I.  If 
II  t^mHM. 

Ik  ttttt*r%  by  ImhI  «n.l 
•  on*  h«n<4,  M*^  tint,  h 
«|i«nl««,  (ruclinHiil,  i**^ 
•tm«n  Mt4  iHwitn,  tml 
i«<h«r  ««tth  (MrniHM  ui< 
Iroro  •)!«•  |Hmtim  itf  ih< 
,  df  ih»MU|h  (h«  wIk.u 
(MT  (van  Iruni  »««  aui* 
If,  Ami,  OM  iti*  iithrr 
M  <h«  uwiMn  Mil  niii« 
r.«Kf  '  r  ««•<?  crtft  whu 
lk^<  poMlt.   I-  lb«  larrlan 

fiir  ill    'kiMi  ehiHiM  III 
iIm  ttlwM  of  Iktir  n««i 
iltntiil   In  tnttthrr,  iir 
l«,«(r  «rh«lh*r  (m|il<iyr>l 

fMxIa,  Of   In  ftrrying, 
mtrtlvfl   |iow«r   ili«7 

pMi««n|[*r«  trt  luch  m 
•nd  ar*  ^mund  la  carry 

luch   u  do  not  carry 
nily  for  all  p«r«on«. 

Wh«r«  a  carrier  uii' 
for  th«  particular  occa- 
rm|»riiill>l«  a*  a  cnmmon 
ic  carrlor  b«  tmnloyfl 
r  a  drAnlia  numWr  <>( 
«rial  untlertaklng.  T« 
it  carrier,  he  muM  makf 
ar  empttiymcnt  to  tarry 
who  choiwc  III  tm|iliiy 
race*  lh«  pro(>rl«lon  of 
h««,  omniliUM*  and  rail- 
iprcMmtm,  |>i>rtar»,  ihip- 
rngag*  regularly  In  the 
I  or  money,  eilhtf  from 
n  place  lo  plact  in  the 

«  held  to  the  revponti- 
«  Mit  delivery  of  prop- 
care,  upon  the  groundi 
rent  fraud,  and  collmion 
lUM  the  owner,  having 
aa«aalon  of  hit  pro|«rty, 
abow  bow  Of  where  the 

■  rMponaibU  for  at!  Ioh 

naportation,  ttom  what- 

•ci  of  God,  or  the  public 

b  not  r«ipon«ible  for 

«»)  •  fluiWI.  C  C.  hi:  ] 
1.  •••KellrM».i5niS*lli 
r.  K  Pw.  ••  ,  <  Plrt  lo;  n 
itmy  lalln  |4fft,  afld  i^-M** 
4»     J-Au«   C»rT   JO,  I  ^r :  I 

K.  (N.  Cj|i4  'i  £■«  I- 
I  49a:  (  lt«m  CVjM".  W, 
f.  tja:  I  D«>  ft  B  m;  t 
n  wend  >9"  •]  14  }» .'  I 
Cakr,  ttj:*ld  173 :  1  r.>u. 
tft:  .1  in.  J79,  iIm  aaof 
»  MCli  Inetntab^  lecMeiiM  M 
■lioa  of  aian't  MtMy ;  1  T 
^MTi4  Oot^t»t' 


Mr  of  fWMidkte  »nicl«,  w  t|^  Mi«r«|  or 
Mv«aM«y  mmu  In  (h«  mum  of  ir«wi|.,/rta(iun, 
|ifaeM#  'ho  cMfWr  eMrdM  ta  wwainllila 
care  lo  hitve  lh«  U.  «r  Mft^mUkm  W  IMt 
M  |iractUatil«J 

I  aff l«f»  liiHh  by  ii.t  and  water,  when  ihey 
mi'lerlalie  the  gen.  ral  InMineve  ii4  <arrylM| 
•««ry  kind  of  gixid*,  are  bnund  in  carry  all 
•  hub  ntferj  and  If  Ihey  refute,  without  iu>i 
«»iii»e,  Ihey  are  llelila  to  an  am.m  *  Hut  tiiv 
••mmoM  tamer,  whether  a  natural  |wr«<m,  or 
tufjairatliin,  may  raalrtn  hi*  hualnna  within 
tut  K  limit*  a«  he  may  de^m  e«|icdirn|,  and  he 
h  not  laMind  to  accept  giMKk  out  (rf  the  line  of 
hi*  uaual  bualncw ' 

Amlh*fit)i  »/  Attih  ««</  Strpomfi.  The 
Uwrd  of  direilor*  have  all  the  |K>wer  that  re 
>i<le«  In  the  corimrallnn.  unleM  reatricted  by 
the  charter  and  by  law«|  other  agent*  and  **r 
v«nta  cannot  bind  Ihc  c<ini|iany  beyond  iheir 
•|)here  of  ofieratlon.o  and  an  agent  who  a* 
tume*  to  bind  the  coni|Mnv  beyond  hi*  tphere. 
cannot  ■  Hut  the  fart  that  a  company  ha* 
railfied  other  ttmilar  contract*  of  ihe  tianlcuUi 
trrvant  might  lie  evidence  egainal  them  •  A 
notice  by  ihe  company  of  want  at  authority  in 
•crvant*.  render*  their  act*  void  *  A  lervant 
ma*  bind  the  comniny  even  when  he  diaoliey* 
Iheir  direction*,  »  aciii  ■  In  the  tcope  of  hit 
tnthorlty.t  A  commoi  carrier  of  gooda  hi 
liable  for  Ibo  acU  of  all  Ihe  lervani*  of  hit 
•ubciMlnicton,'  and  it  makua  no  difference 
that  the  emolumenit  w  re  allowed  lo  lie  re- 
lained  liy  Ihe  lervanu  a*  a  part  of  Iheir  com- 
fienaatlon,  unleaa  ihi*  were  known  lo  the  owner 
of  Ih..  goiKl*.  and  he  contract*  with  the  *ervnnl* 
lu  principal*.*  An  owner  may  ctHinlermand 
Ihe  d«/*linAtion  of  gooda  through  Ihe  proper 
tgenl.'  An  agcnl'i  authofily  U  •  mailer  of 
fact.' 

Bafpift—I.imitmtimi  0m4  R*$trittitmt.— 
They  are  not  liable  for  merchandite  which  • 
patamger  carrica  covertly,*  and  It  maket  no 
diAervnce  that  the  iiMa«nger  hM  no  other 
trunk.*    Jewelry,  being  female  aitlrc,  and  a 

J-B.  N.  r.  «y  i  t  KtiH  Caa»M  aw,  |«>;  Story  Dallin. 
I*e,«;  •W»«l».  4*4;    R«*    Kly*.   141      M*  Siiow. 

Ht:  s  T.  »   •«:  J  M.  *  AM    ]*:  I  M   *  W.  .,.;  i 

«  Wy.  Cm.  U;  «  W.*l.  .i,;  •  Siery  C  C  ■«;  it 
Mod  4i*j  4  C.  ■•  jsj;  «  Id  nj!  I  lUa  *  B.Mi* 
Price,  ^  |4j  Vt.  lit;  14  l4an.  St.  al;  10  rTK 
ai :  to  MjM  *)■ ;  4  Each.  jA^:  it  Mod.  4«4.  ■■  li 
Rng.  L.  A  Eq.  SS7<  >■  "au;  i<  Jur.   loAg:   8.  C.  14 


Eni  t.  *  Iq.  in.  ■-}  roMor,  trj;  1*  Cona.  4t4:  1 
r.ich  •«;  t  Duar.  141.  *.]  Kach.  t«;  t  Dutr.  ui. 
1*1 4  C  B  f4,.  9.  (fjl  £«.  L.  •Iq.  9t!  It  Birii. 


^  """•J?"'.'"  •■■"■  »~.  ••  «-••■  »»7i  I  »■  "■  amiin,  571. 
W-*S  WaMl.^19;  >o  Cinll  )a«.  X-4Blag  til;  }  Pmn. 
Si  4SI 1  IS  Ma.  5»  J :  «  Porttr,  14*.  jr-o  Wand,  tj ;  la 
M.  ||4i  4  K.  D.  Smith,  »  i,t;  i  Abb.  Pr.  3*;  jo  NT 
V.  j(4,<  '<  Hiuaph.  «;  11  Id.  419:  «  Porter,  »4t.  m* 
PofWf,     ,».    »«  Porter,  a^.    ^Nfwberry't  Adair. 


wtmil  i>  %  wmk  ti  peniitr  Ng«ne.'    So.attn, 
it  tMlMV  fct  •w»n<eA,r  biioha    fur  reading,* 

eMMag,*  icetltfct.*  Mwta  of  trade,  and  many 
•iNl  NHliJmr  iMlMI.*  A  Mftiar  U  r«a|MHi«ilila 
fer  I^Kp^pr  tvlMii  Hkt  peamiger  gioa*  liy  *n<ith«r 
ftMMWHMMW.'  Cktftfn  cannot  iwniriii  all  re 
«pan»<yHiy  Uit  lli(HMii.*  but  may  make  rea< 
^-•i«Me  ragMteitoM  mm  Mtttw  lh««i ' 

Stago  prnprietnte  and  omnibu*  dHver*,  wM 
aaauine  i»  carry  luggage  for  all  t*liu  apply, 
front  railway  ttaiiona  «bwil  the  Itiwno.  are  re 
•(•iniiihla  *tk  C4HMBMI  Mflivfi  t  and  ti  ■**  nol 
*«f»i,i  Ihe  >«*flrina(MHty  nf  trch  tarriei,  whete 
they  tmttw  UM  name*  i>a  i«ng*ii«  un  'ay 
bilb,  Iwt  4o  not  enler  the  tMkggaget'  «<>••« 
they  are  employe^!  by  h«>l»l  ki«*|>'n  to  Ire 
port  Ih^lr  gueat*.  laith  are  f»«f«Mi>ii     <■ ' 

ftti»*m utility  ftr  II  I*  ai.  <fl«M«r>' 
|>riiuipta  of  law  that  railway  tlVMi  'i«,  am) 
trther  carrier*  of  Mwiengci  'hmmi 
for  Injiarirt  lo  ikrtr  p«**<  ;<-i  >  wii 
fault,  art-  neverlbvie**  rct|  «i)ii«.  a 
.-«rri*r«,  tor  their  lieggajge,  ..r  lii|{|i!iKr> 


lie  iun»pany  check*  heg|,'age  ihii»i||h 

ifTerent  compa 


•'•it 

Hrlr 


'•«ion  of  line*,  owned  by  "ifi 
h    comfiany    lirtome*    rcitKiniilila    l< 
lole  riiule.l    The  liaggagc  inaik  {;iv*|\  ir 

II  1  of  receiving  nuchliagiiage  i«  trgart) 
/>   »».»  fa,n  eviilence  «."  1V1  lialtlliiy 
CUD  |Mny,  and  »uch  re*pofi*ibllily  cunliinie^ 

III  lie  delivery  of  the  tamr  lo  the  patacit).     . 
or  1     hi*  order;!  a  <,heck  therefor  " tlamts 
the  ,  i*te  of  a  bitl  of  ladngi"*  and  wli» 
diflipi"  111  railway*,  forming  h   continuou*  11= 
run  III    ir  car*  over  the  whtile  li  m*,  and  tell  II. 
et*  fill    ihc  whole  route,  the  »•   ion  lie*  agan 
either .  'imiiany  fur  the  lot*  oi   'oggager  lli' 
remain    lable  until  a  full  an<!   iinf(|i.ivocal  ili 
livery  ii    the  owner."     Bui  ll\.«<  cnni^^ny  ki  not 

M*  Ihe  baggage  U  given  In  charge  of 
ml*,*  amiTf  the  *ervanl  accept*,  the 
rea|ion«ible  for  the  liag]>age.*  Thelf 
-lulit  friMn  duly,  ant!  nu  from  con- 


liable  M 
their  t«i 
carrier  I 
liability 
tract.' 

Bill  «/ 
bill  of  lad 


re-io  H 
i>  Saillh 
I  Bim-  h.  C. 
8.)ii"i«.  f 
til,  '^  HilKr 

7  Rich    1)1; 
S«4:  B.C.  4  I 
>«4.  J.  C.  B 
«M:  •«  Wend 
Mich.  itl.  )K 


l.inlinf—Eft€i  mptm  CurrUr.     K 
ig.  Of  carrier'!  acknowledgment  of 

Pr  ita:  «oMit«  m:  10  Oblo,  14s;  4 


r*;  Id   lii;  illll.  tia;  t}  Oa.li,' 

M«.    4r-4C.  B  (N  fittj; 


Oray,  4y>;  4  K    l>.  Seiiih 
Ion,  ttu.    1-4  r 
all.  A  N  «ij 
In:  16  Id.  I): 

v, )  tr !  »  Bo*.  R 


-  .       .  .  !•»;;  J  Jur.  <N 

'<rofa.  461.  ar-4  Cuah  ii).  I1.4  Blng 
V  )  »M:  10  N  H  4I1 .  •«  We..d  Ml ; 
Wtml  All ,  •  Boa.  *  P  \\t-  «  Kiwi. 
17;  II  N.  V  J7;  *  t  IJ.  Smith, 
^;  I  B.  ft  P.  4i«:  4  Una  til;  A  Hill, 
,1;  10  N.  H  4I1;  7  Rich.  ijl.  ||.| 
I)   ilMilh,  144;  loC    B  (N    S.)4)t:( 


It    (I  Smith,  441:  7  Gray,  91,  «. :  1  ku- 

iiriil.  17;  ■  E.  D.  Saillh,  I4  ;  tg  Barb  |«, 

:      Cuth.  <g.     M-ti  Wtnd.  354 :  r  C.  A, 

C  t9  Kaf.  L.  ft  Iq.  347;  7  Hill  (N. 

Pul.  416  j*  Duer.  m;  i<  B.  Mo« 

441  :  4  r-  I)  SmlSh,  4Sj;  19  Wl* 

C  B   (N.  S.)  71;  8.  CI  Jur.  (N 

4l;/Id.s,7;J4N.Y.l4l.    ■10 

n(.  L.  ft  Eq.  3)1 ;  ■»  C.  B.  toi ;  8. 

t9»:«tC.H.  304:8.  C.oEitf   L 

•  "Hi..?  ^"•''  '"•  •;.'"  J44:  >1 

j|X>hi«Sl.  ri>]  tIMit*.  79f;  II 


30a,  301 :  *«  Wci 

40;  3)  Vl.  «o«; 
A.)it>3;  ast^rl. 
C.  B. _»«;  8.  C. 

C.  «  Em.  L.  ft  K., 
A  Fq.  jti;  I  Hill 

Id.  74«j  7  Cuth.  1      ,  ,_ ,..     .,„.„,  „.    .. 

Rob.  (Lo4ii*.)  *4 ;  ,  Dana.  91 ;  37  MIm.  tai ;  1*  Jur. 
(N.  9.>.«;  L.  R.  .  Q.  B.  M;  3  C.  «  B,  K%.  9«i.  V 
ti  Wand.  334:  \\  Comi.  tit.  »-ii  C.  B.  I«i ;  S.  C.  r 
Ibif.  L.  ft'iq.  1.9  i  ,«  N.  H.  tTi  ■  I.  P.  imitK,  o,;  \ 


m 


■AILMENTS. 


the  receipt  of  good*,  U  generally  the  written 
evidence  of  the  contract  between  the  partiei, 
•nd  is  expected  to  contain  all  the  exemption 
from  general  retponsibility  which  it  is  competent 
for  the  carrier  to  claim.  Parol  evidence  ii  not 
•dmimible  to  vary  the  contract  of  shipment  thus 
evidenced.^  But  as  between  immediate  parties 
the  bill  of  lading  is  not  conclusive  as  to  the 
quantity  or  ccadition  of  the  goods  at  the  time  of 
shipment,  especially  v:hen  tnere  was  no  oppor- 
tunity to  inspect  thorn.'  Bet>reen  the  consignor 
and  carrier  the  bill  of  lading  is  (in  the  absence 
of  proof  to  the  contrary)  evidence  of  the  truth 
of  its  contents.'  Questions  of  quantity  and 
quality  of  goods  cannot  be  raised  where  inter- 
mediate carriera  are  cencemed.*  A  bill  of 
lading  may  be  explahied,"  but  cannot  be  con- 
tradicted or  controlled  as  to  the  terms  of  the 
contract,  by  oral  evidence.*  The  goods  must 
be  forwarded  according  to  the  bill  of  lading.* 
If  a  shipper  give  separate  bills  of  lading  to  the 
different  owners  of  wheat,  shipped  in  the  same 
car,  he  is  liable  to  each  owner  for  the  conver- 
sion of  hit  portion.*  The  statement  in  a  bill, 
of  lading  that  the  goods  were  received  in  good 
order  it  not  conclusive  evidence  of  that  fact : 
but  it  is  competent  to  show  that  such  was  not 
the  fact.7  A  bill  of  lading  must  be  construed 
with  reference  to  the  nature  of  the  route  and 
the  course  of  business.*  The  bill  it  conclusive 
as  to  third  parties  who  act  upon  it.*  A  trantfer 
by  indorsement  and  delivery  of  the  bill  of  lading 
passes  to  the  indorsee  all  vested  and  contingent 
rights  of  ection.**  An  exception  in  a  bilT'of 
lading  does  not  affect  its  general  construction.* 
The  Mil  M  to  the  receipt  of  goods  is  evidence 
only  aN  between  the  parties,  but  conclusive  at 
to  parties  acting  in  good  faith  under  ft.*  But 
in  catet  of  fraud  the  ettoppel  will  not  bind  the 
owner  of  a  vessel  or  his  interest  in  it.*  Delivery 
must  be  made,  if  practicable,  as  agreed,'  or  the 
carrier  must  show  lota  by  excepted  risks.' 
Terms  used  in  a  bill  of  lading,  at  in  other 
written  instruments,  will  receive  such  construc- 
tion as  the  usage  of  the  business  reouiies.*  An 
assignment  of  a  bill  of  lading  transfers  tlie  title 
to  goods  but  not  the  claim  for  damages.' 

A  passenger's  baggage  is  not  at  his  own  risk 
by  reason  of  any  notice  printed  on  his  ticket, 
and  posted  in  the  company's  office,  unlets  such 
notice  is  brought  home  to  the  owner.* 

BILUi  or  I<ADIir«  FOBHIk 

Bill  9t  iMdltts^BMnMsUc 

Thc  — —  Exrasst  Co. 

Place ,  Date. 

Received  from  {emulgntr'i  »r  ihifftf't  namtt). 
One  packafe  (box  «r  bundle,  tie.);  value  (tImU 
mmennt). 

Ilarlied  (ctnsigntt't  namt  and  elh*r  mmrk*  tr 
Mrtcthni). 

•-4  Ohio,  334 :  •  Sumn.  C.  C.  367 :  Ai«.  Carr.  H 
t«8,a*9.  t^i  M.  &  R.  lU;  7Ad.&  E.sn:  9B.Mon. 
III.  o-ii  Pick.  43:  7  W.  L)iw  J.  30a;  3  Coim.  jts;  4 
^5¥-ff''  *♦'"••  W.)  «3L».An.45»;  i9UjR<n.376; 
16  L.  Kac.  ng ;  10  Wis.  4 ;   ca  Maliwi  139 ;  18  In.  17* ; 


oUIgh 
Rep.  43 


347.    t-iS  Barb.'jttfl    i||-9  B'.  Hon.  lit;  19'L^ 


irb.  jse. 
18  Barb. 


'{VL 


top- 43:  liin.  408;  18  Barb.  3*3.  T-4  Ohio,  334;  • 
SuniM.  s«» ;  3  Gjay,  97;  Anseii,  Cirricn  »  »R,  9.  w- 
U  nap.  Jdy,  1837, 119;  )  flich.  sN;  9  Baii>.  198;  it 


It  is  a  part  of  the  conaiderMion  of  iM*  eeatnn  and 
it  i*  icraad  thai  the  tald  KxpnM  Company  u..  itirward- 
•n  only,  and  an:  not  lu  b«  liable  or  renpontiblt  for  1 


loM  or  damage  while  being  conveyed  bv  the  Ci^.irlera  or 
aganu,  to  whom  laid  property  may  be  by  said  E«prt*t 
Company  intruited,  or  ariiiiig  from  tksdanfsn  of  ocean 


said  Eapmt 
tCSAf  ocean 
or  river  iwvigatian,  railruadJi  tteam,  Are  tn  tiorn,  de- 
pou,  or  In  tranalt.or  from  any  cause  whatever,  unleu  in 
every  coca  the  same  be  provea  to  have  occunaa  from  tiie 
fraud  or  groia  negligence  of  aaid  Cxpmaa  Company  or 
their  terveau ;  nor  In  any  event  beyond  the  sum  of  nfty 
dollars,  at  which  the  article  carried  I*  hereby  valued, 
unless  aa  otherwise  herein  eKpresssJ ;  nor  llabte  for  any 
daman  to  glask  -^  any  fragUe  article  unlasa  herein  spe- 
cially Insured.  And  if  the  sa.ne  is  intnislad  or  delivered 
10  any  other  eiiprcas  company  or  agent  (which  thr  said 
— ~Kxpnas  Company  are  berab/  autliorisrd  10  do), 
such  company  ur  parson  so  saiaetad  s.'iall  Iw  regarded  ei- 
elusively  aa  IM  agent  of  the  depositor,  and  as  such  alone 
liable ;  and  the  —  Bxprits  Company  shall  not  be  In 
any  event  responsible  for  the  aagliganca  or  aon-peffonn- 
ance  of  any  such  company  or  panoa,  nor  la  anv  event 
shall  said  Express  Company  b«  llabta  for  any  loss  or 
damage,  unless  the  claim  thertfor  shall  ba  preseated  10 
them  In  writing  at  their  said  oflks,  erlthln  thirty  dsyi 
after  the  time  when  said  property  has  or  oaght  to  have 
been  delivered.  It  is  iiirther  aoncd  that  told  Company 
shall  not  in  any  event  be  liable  Ibr  any  loss  or  damage  or 
deteation  cauaed  by  civil  or  military  aulhorfty,  or  by  re- 
bellion. iMurraction,  or  riot.  Owaar'sfialiagBinM  leak- 
age or  breakage.    Glasswars  reodvad  only  ai  sblppcr'i 

Mot  negetialila. 
Praight  poM  ytr  eottact). 
For  the  proprleton,     A.  A.  (Bailaa'aAitat). 


mil  sMT  Xmkiwm-^ 

Ar  hbmf,  mOh  Jiumrmmtt  atUtd, 
Adams  Exraaaa  0>MrAi«v. 
^      ,  Piose,       ,  Data* 

RtMlved  from  (etmiriitr'ttrtiMtr'i  wmm*)on» 
package,  oeoled  and  aoM  to  contoui  («M#  mmtmufi. 

Add  reaaod  ( gint  addrtu,  ttt. ) 

Upon  iha  special  accaptaane  and  agraaoMnt  that  this 
Company  I*  to  forward  ilia  aaasc  to  Its  agent  nearest  or 
Bloat  convenient  to  desttaadon  only,  and  there  to  deliver 
lb*  same  to  other  partlaa  10  euamfata  the  iransporution 
— auch  delivery  to  larminate  ad  liability  of  this  Com- 
pany for  such  pacliage :  and  aba,  that  thb  Cuapaay  are 
not  to  be  liable  In  any  naaner,  or  te  any  extent  for  any 
lou,  daauga  or  detention  ot  soch  package,  or  of  iu 
contentSj^or  of  any  portioa  ibcraof,  oBrastenad  by  the 
acts  of  Cod,  or  by  any  parson  or  peisons  acting  or 
claiming  to  act  in  any  mllftary  or  other  capacity  In  hos- 
tility to  the  gpverwaeM  of  the  Uaitad  States,  or  occa- 
sioned by  civil  or  military  authority,  or  by  the  acta  of 
any  armed  or  other  mob  or  riotous  asaamUaaa,  piracy 
or  the  dangcn  incidem  to  a  time  of  war,  nor  wMa  occa- 
sioned by  the  dangers  of  laiirood  trantpottation,  or 
oeean  or  river  aavigBtion,  or  by  fin  or  ateam,  unlan 
specially  insured  by  this  Cawpaay,  and  so  apedfiad  in 
this  receipt.  In  no  event  Is  mis  Company  to  be  liable 
for  a  neatar  turn  than  that  above  ■antionad,  nor  shall 
it  be  liable  for  any  such  loss  unlesa  the  daim  therefor 
shaU  be  made  In  writing,  at  tbis  olBoe,  within  thirty 
days  from  lhUdaie,inastaieaMetto  which  iMs  receipt 
shall  be  annexed ;  and  the  shipper  and  oerner  beieby 
severally  agree  that  all  the  stipiilaiions  ood  condlticM  in 
this  reeelpt  contained  shall  extend  to  and  inure  to  the 
benefit  of,  each  and  every  company,  or  pefsoa,  to  whom 
the  Adams  Express  Company  may  Intnist  or  deliver 
tht  above  described  property  for  iranaportatloa,  and 
shall  define  and  limit  llie  Uabuity  therefor  of  such  other 
company  or  person. 

Prelght  piaid  («r  coUeet). 

Per  the  Company,  A.  A. 

tnaured  by  Adama  Bapraoa  Company,  Ctr , 


tD  — —  only. 
Inowranca, 

La.  An.  731 : 

18  N.  Y.  S18. 
La.  An.  m8. 


Per  the  Compwiy, 


A. 


M-7*3:joL.  Times, s«;  lelivl.u*.  «- 
III.  117 :   L.  Rep.  I  C.  P.  649 ; 


V^l 


..   L.  riep.  lU.  r.  649;  14 

«'       -  X      '""■"«»  »*S-    SM7  Aden,  434;   Id. 

456;    ".Gray.4S8.   "Galley,  174;   34  Mo.  5S4i  SgIA 

J 39;  I  Hilton,  tat.    b-L.  Rep.  1  P.  C.  B4f ;  S.  C.  it 
ur.  (K.  SJ  es8.    «-9  AOen,  099;  40  Ala.  184.    4-t8 
low,  (U.  S.)  18a.    •-18  Id.  xS:  f-ia  (£ay.  4».    r 
16  Ohio,  4tx;   8  Boswordi.  ai^.     k4  Cm,  ati;  % 


rralloii  of  iMa  caMnai  »ni 
pr«u  Company  ar..  Ibrward- 
Ubl«  or  niipomibl*  for  any 
conveyed  bv  th«  cu.'rlert  or 
riy  may  b*  by  taid  Eapms 
Of  from  iha  dailg«»  of  ocean 
L,  tteam,  Ai«  in  uom,  de- 
ny cauM  whaMver.  unleu  In 
Id  to  have  occurrad  from  the 
if  (aid  Eapraaa  Company  or 
vent  beyond  the  turn  o(  nfiy 
e  carriad  h  hereby  valued, 
apreieeJ ;  nor  liable  for  any 
lie  artici*  untaea  herein  tpe- 
aina  il  intruatad  or  delivered 
my  or  a|enl  (which  ihr  wid 
I  herab/  aulhorlird  to  do), 
lalectad  a.*iaU  ba  raguded  »- 
dapoeitor,  and  aa  auch  alone 
M  CMnpwiy  ahall  not  be  In 
a  aetl%anca  or  Bon-patfonn- 
or  paraun,  nor  la  any  evem 
ny  oa  liaUa  for  any  loea  or 
lieralbr  ahall  ba  praaaMcd  to 
Id  oAoa,  whhin  iMrly  dayj 
ipaity  hat  or  ooaht  to  have 
r  airaed  thai  aara  Company 
itelor  any  low  or  damage  or 
military  amhorily,  or  Iw  re- 
Ownar'a  riak  afalnal  Uak- 
n  reodvad  only  at  tbippnr'i 


A.A.  (Badaa'aAii^t). 


Itumrmmet  mUhI, 
na  CoMPAMT. 

PUca, ,  Data. 

tr't  «r  tkMin't  tmmt)  «Ba 
to  contain  (elate  mmttuU). 

•«•  and  acraaaMM  thai  ihia 
aaaM  to  lla  aaant  naaicst  or 
Ion  only,  and  Uiara  to  deliver 
coaapleta  tba  imnaportalion 
M  aU  Habtlitv  of  ihia  Com- 
1  abo,  that  ilua  Company  are 
ler,  or  M  any  extant  »r  any 
of^  Kwh  fai-lHu|a,  or  of  Ite 
I  ihareaf,  ooeaaioaad  by  the 
irton  or  paiaoni  acting  or 
try  or  other  capadly  In  Boa- 
'  the  Uailad  SiMaa,  or  occa- 
auihoiity,  or  b«  the  acta  of 
r  iloMiii  aaaambiaaa,  piracy 

lima  of  war,  aor  wnM  occa- 

raiiroad  tranapofiaiion,  or 
or  by  fir*  or  ataaoa.  ualaaa 
Mapaay,  and  ao  apeoAad  in 
■  fliia  Coapaay  to  be  liable 
t  above  aMMioaad,  nor  ahall 
•a  unleaa  tba  claim  therefor 

M  tbia  oflke,  within  thirty 
iicaMM  to  which  thia  raoaim 
ahipper  and  owner  hoaby 
idpulaiiona  aadcoadltionf  in 

extend  to  aad  inure  to  tba 
loa^^any ,  or  panoa,  to  whom 
•ay  may  intnat  or  deliver 
eriy  for  iranaporlatlon,  and 
tbiflty  tharefor  of  aach  other 

a  Commmjr,  A.  A. 

:praaa  Comp«nyt  for , 

Par  tha  Compaay, 

A.  A. 

>. Timaa,a<;  islnd.jit.  x- 
i;  L.Rep.  it. P. (49:  14 
I,  aij,    a-y  >nen,  4S4:   1^ 


Rap.  i  P.  C.  a^;  S.  C.  ta 
m,  a99 ;  40  Ala.  i>4.    d-i* 

I.  i(a.    ff>ia  Gray,  4M.    ^ 

II,  ai3.     k-a  Onr.  all:  % 


BAILMENTS. 


««S 


Sill  cr  l4Mll«»~IHMMaU«. 

ADAMa  Expnaea  Compaitv. 

.    ,,  Ptaea ,  Data— ~. 

jj-j — jrad  M{fntitn»r  #r  tkifftr'i  nmrnt)  —, 
Valua,  — —  dollara  (#r  ailied  aad  not  given). 
For  which  thia  Company  ehargta  (ifrtw  awMta/). 
Marbad  U-u^gtm-i  mimt,  mnd  »lh*r  dir*tii»mt, 
m*rti  4unl /Igurti). 

Which  it  la  mutually  agreed  ie  to  be  forwarded  to  our 
agency  nearaai  or  moei  canvenient  to  deatinalion  only, 
and  there  delivered  to  other  partiea  10  complete  the 
iranaportatlon.  ^^ 

It  la  pan  of  tha  conalderatlon  of  thia  coatract,  aitd  it 
U  agreed,  that  tha  aald  Expreaa  Company  are  forward- 
eti  only,  and  are  not  to  be  held  liahla  or  mponalHe  for 
any  lorn  or  damage  to  aald  property  while  bfii«  con- 
veyed by  the  carrien  to  whom  the  aaaie  may  b«  by  aald 
Exproa  Company  intruated,  or  arUIng  from  the  dangan 
of  railroada,  ocean  or  river  navigation,  iiaam,  Are  in 
•lore.,  dcpoM,  or  in  Iranalt,  lealuge,  breakage,  or  from 
any  cnaa  whatever,  unleaa,  in  every  cate,  the  aame  be 
proved  n>  have  occurred  from  the  fraud  or  groea  negli- 
lence  of  aald  Exproa  Company  or  their  aervanu ;  nor 
In  *ny /vanl  almil  the  holder  hereof  demand  beyond  the 
eum  of  My  doUart,  at  which  the  anlcie  forwarded  ia 
hereby  valued,  unleaa  otherwise  herein  expreaaed.  or 


i  apedaHy  inaured  by  them,  and  ao  apeclMIn  thia 

-   i?^IP*'  V'S*'  '""'■™=«  •''■"  TOi-Htuie  tha  limit  of  the 

liaUlimV  tha  Adaaia  Expreu  Company.    And  if  the 

aame  ia  intruatad  or  delivered  10  any  other  eipraaa  com- 

PHXl'  '■t."'i*!i''''  •;''*  *«>«"»  Eipraaa  Company  ara 
nerefty  authorf aad  10  do),  au=h  company  or  person  ao 
Mieeted  ahall  ba  regarded  exclutively  aa  tba  agent  of 
the  ahlpper  or  owner,  and  aa  auch  alone  liaUa,  and  the 
Adana  .Espreaa  Company  shall  not  bo.  In  any  event,  re- 
spoiiiiMe  for  tha  negligence  or  non-performance  of  any 
such  company  or  person,  and  the  shipper  and  owner 
hereby  aevcrally  agrae  that  all  the  stlpulationa  and 
conditiona  In  thfa  receipt  conulned  ahall  extend  to  and 
(nora  to  Ihe  beneflt  of  each  and  every  company  and  per- 
son to  whom  the  Adama  Expreaa  Company  may  Intrust 
or  daUvOT  tha  above-described  property  for  tranapoitt- 
llon,  and  ahaO  deflae  and  limit  the  liability  thoafor  of 
V5"  °^'  company  or  person.  In  no  event  shall  the 
Adama  Expreaa  Company  be  liable  for  any  loaa  or  dam- 
age, unleaa  the  cUlm  therefor  shall  be  preaeatcd  to  them 
in  wtMng,  at  thia  office,  within  thirty  daya  after  thia 
date,  ia  a  MalecMnt  to  which  thia  receipt  shall  be  an- 
nexed. All  articles  of  ghua  or  contained  In  riass,  or 
anv  of  a  fragile  natura,wUI  be  uken  at  shipper's  rtok 
only ,  Md  tha  ahippv  agreea  that  the  Company  shall  not 
be  held  renoasible  for  any  Iqiury  by  braaJiate  or  other- 
wise,  nor  for  damage  to  goods  not  properly  packed  and 
tecyred  for  traaapprtatiBo.  It  U  forthcr  mad,  that 
•aid  Company  sha^l  aot,  in  any  event,  ha  liable  for  any 
,,l  *"!#••  •*  *tenUon  caused  by  th«  acu  of  God, 
civil  or  Biniary  authority,  or  by  rcbeHion,  piracy,  laaur- 
rectioa,  or  riot,  or  the  dangers  Inddenl  t  >  a  time  of  war. 
or  by  aayriotoua  or  armeJaaaembiage.  If  any  sum  0/ 
■B0"«y>  Midea  the  charge  for  tranaportttion,  la  to  be 
coOecMd  from  tha  consignee  on  delivery  o<  the  above 
dwcribed  propertv.  and  the  same  is  not  paid  within 
Ih  riy  daya  from  die  date  hereof,  the  shipper  agraea  that 
ihte  Company  may  return  said  loroperty  to  him  bt  the 
expiration  oTthat  time,  siiliiaci  to  the  conditiona  of  thte 
Kceipi,  and  thai  he  will  pay  the  chargea  for  transporta- 
tion both  waya,  and  that  the  lUbility  of  thia  C>iiipBny 
for  such  prapmrly  while  in  its  posseulon  for  the  purpoee 
of  mak  ngsuch  ooUecUon,  ahall  be  that  cf  ■vanSooae- 
amn  only.  «~— .- 

Pr8ightp«ld(«reaO«ct). 

Por  tba  Companjr,         A.  A. 

BUI  ar  IMlagMr»v«|«a. 

AtMt,  JCiuf,  He. 
AmaicAH-EuaoPBAN  Expmm. 

il..-*.d.fC«.  «•«— .!>•«—. 

One  boa  («r  package,  etc.)   Valna.t 

Numbarad  and  markad  aa  to  tba  margin,  to  bo 

S'jjKiiaiiiyiiste.^^ — •"'^  '^•"^ 

,«".i  ••T*'  ■»}  >  P«t  of  the  considaratlon  of  ihta 
contract,  that  said  Company  an  aot  to  be  held  ttspoa- 
I^fif 52?.?  forwanfcrs,  nor  for  any  loss  or  damage 
f™i^  *S5  «'■"•{»«'»•.««  «aa  oroa  ahore.aecldms 
!;'y.?.'y*'«yy. boHm., ,wam. MMfa,  or  any  other 
iicctdiaM  ar  tonpii  of  tba  aaas.  riven  aad  ateam  navl. 


gaiioii,  of  whatever  natura  or  kind  soever,  or  by  dangers 
of  milruads,  rcatralnM  of  princes  or  poicnutes,  or  for 
any  cause  whatever,  unless  the  same  lie  proved  to  have 
occurrwl  (ram  the  fraud  or  groM  negligence  of  our- 
Vv.*'.""'  "V"*  or  sarvanta,  and  we.  In  no  event,  be 
"•¥•  Ky""  ""  "»»•••  ••  •"'•'"  r«:elpied.     Valued 

under  flfty  dollars,  uniesa  otherwise  herein  slated.    Not 
acCnunuble  for  specie,  jewelry,  or  precious  stones,  im- 
less  value  is  declared.     Not  accounuble  for  leakage  or 
breakage.     Contents  unknown. 
Maria  and  numbara : 

Pralgbt,  •— . 
Inauranea,  ■  i.  . 

Tout,  • . 

Dutiaa  and  cuaioma  cbargaa  payabla  by  con< 
aignoa  at  daatlnatian. 

Por  P.  ■.  A  Co.,  AMiMsr^rrr. 

h.A.,Atmt. 

■ui  vr  i««iMr-i»*MiMUe. 

THa  KAILnoAD. 

«      .     ,  ^  Pl«c« ,  DaU . 

Racaivad  from  {nmHrtut  #r  ihi//i,r;  msmr)  tha 
fbllowlac  fr**fht,  mafbad  aa  balovir,  which  wa 
promiaa  to  dslivar  en  tha  pUtferm  of  tba  Com- 

paay'a  fraiabt  atation,  at .    Incidanui  dan- 

gara  of  railroad  tmnaportatien,  laakaga,  lira  la 
cara  or  at  ataU<>na.  aacaptad. 

All  gooda  odkred  for  transporution  muat  be  in  good 
"T".*^'  "J"  "'•«<i»e«ly  marked  with  name  of  station  at 
which  they  are  to  l.e  left,  utherwisa  the  Company  will 

"^  '^■J"?^"'*  ^"''  'V"  <>•■  IP>»*'  "'  »n»ng  deliiery ; 
nor  »in  the  Company  be,  responsible  for  the  salety  d 
way  flWght,  after  its  delivery  on  the  platform  of  tha 
station  IBt  which  it  is  marked. 

When  reedpis  are  required,  duplicates  i«ady  for  sign- 
lag  muat  he  fomishad  by  the  consignor. 

Marbad . 

Numbor  and  daacrlption  of  pachagaa,  — . 
{Signtd)         Company'a  nama  by  Agant. 

■Ill  mt  LiMllHa^l»*M««tlC. 

Tmp  —  Railroad  Station. 
Conditiona. 
_  Freight  ofle-.«l  for  traneporuilon  must  be  In  good  or- 
t^r,  properly  packed,  and  to  prevent  loea  and  miscar- 
'Ef'  agenu  ara  instructed   not   to  receive  any 

paekagea  or  goods  of  any  description  whatever,  unless 
Ibey  ara  plainly  aurked  with  the  owner's  name  and 
destination. 

The  tympany  will  not  be  responsible  for  leakage  or 
Ikiuids,  breakage  of  wara,  nor  will  they  hold  themselves 

».m».iki.  I .. 1.   1„ -_  -n.n|,g,d,  1^. 

cady  for  sign- 

— — ^  "g    »••»  ■•«'i>i*eHBa\«a  • 

in-cotton,  and  like  combuatlblas,  will 


■ »  "  '  »-  ."    w-«w,   iivi    will   llivjr   IIUIU 

reaponalMs  for  any  goods  Inst,  stolen,  or  da 
yond  the  value  of  flfty  dollar*  per  packag<.. 

When  receipts  are  requited,  dudioitea. :  ca 
Ing,  must  be '—'-'—■  "^     "^ 

Gunpowde 
not  be  recai 
eonalgnment 


muat  be  furnished  by  the  consignor. 

-ler,  gun-cotton,  and  like  con.M..„„v,  wm 

lived  except  by  special  amngement  at  each 


Coal  oil  and  friction  matches  wU  only  be  received  for 
tramnortalion  on  Mondaya  and  Thuisthtys,  prevloua  to 
♦i  "iiiJjx.^-  •  P"""*"  containing  these  and  aU 
simuar  freight  requiring  extra  CMidon,  such  aa  adda. 
turpentine,  benrine,  naphtha,  etc.,  muat  be  laarked  so  aa 
to  plaioly  show  the  natura  of  their  contcnu.  Shippcn 
GonceaUiM  thb  In  such  casaa  wUI  ba  hdd  leapoMiblc 
for  any  damage  tesultiiw. 

Raealvad  tbla  — --day  of ,  A.  D. .  of 

(f»>uttn»r  *r  MHtr't  namt),  tba  foUMiriag  artlclaa 
to  forward,  atibjact  to  tha  abova  coDdlSna. 

Marbad .  1 

Nambor  aad  daacrlption  ofpacbagaa. 

Compaay'*  naiaa  by  acaal. 

„    ,       .       Thb Railboab. 

Coal  oil,  friction  matches,  and  jpiapoerder  will  ba  re- 
ceived  for  transpoitaiian  on  Montbys  only  until  4  p.  m. 
Paekagea  containing  these  and  all  simibr  fraight  re- 
l|iiiring  extra  caution, auch  aa  acids,  turpentine,  benxiae. 
naphtha,  etc.,  must  be  nurked  so  aa  to  plainly  ahow  tha 
natura  of  thair  contents.  Shippers  coaoaalUK  tbia  in 
auch  caaaa  will  be  hcM  responsible  for  any  danam 
reaulting.  " 

When  goods  for  mora  than  one  mark  ara  compriaad 
in  one  dray-load,  separate  receipu  must  be  sent  for 
each. 

Kacalvad  (>/1k#) ,  thia day  of ,  at 


Il6 


BAILMENTS. 


,  of  (etmhmtr  «r  «A«^«  mm*),  th*  foUewIng 

•rtlelM.  eoaliiiitt  utf  condMooa  unhaewn. 

H  Marked .  ,    .  „        ^  .. 

R  To  tea  carrtad  to  and  dallvarad  -— ,  at  — - 

i'  •Ution,  upon  th*  tarma  and  aoeording  to  tka 

I;  agraemant  aa  apaclAad  on  tha  ba«b  of  thia  racalpt 

'  t:  'tt* /»rmt  M«m). 

i  Numbar  and  daaeription  of  paekagM. 

','    -  For  tha  Company. 

■■  «•!••.  _ 

To Waea ,  Data . 

<■  .  Racalva  and  forward,  auMact  to  condltiona  of 

t  Mil  of  lading  attachad,  aa  followe ; 

J'  Niimbar«ndd««crip»lonofpackag~.   I   ^jjWJ^ 


mtn  mt  l.MlMS-DMMatle. 

Tmb Railro&o  CoMrAMT. 

Plaea ,  Data . 

■aeaivad  »f  {tmulfur  »r  M^Mr't  lumty 
(Sf*tify  •rticUf  tr  gmU,  hunUtt,  haUt,  tmrvlt, 

Mairkad .  to  bo  tranapertad  to — -,  and  da- 

Uvarad  to ,  or  ordar,  upon  tba  foUowIng 

tarma: 

I.  Th«  Coaipany'i  liability  ii  not  to  ..omDMiica  until 
Iha  good!  are  » :ni«lly  recdvcd  mid  rawly  for  traiwpor- 
uiion,  and  It  l»  to  twminata  on  delivery  at  the  Com- 
pany'* wharf  or  depot,  or  Mich  other  convenient  pUce 
at  they  may  prcvide  for  that  purpose,  or  (If  'lotaooner 
removed)  nhall  terminate,  wilhout  aotlea  or  deaAnd.  at 
the  end  of  «l«  working  houie  after  they  are  ready  for 
delivery  at  »uch  point  or  place,  and  If  not  removao 
within  that  time  they  may  he  either  held  or  jtoiad  at  Iha 
aole  H«k  and  eipenne  of  the  owner,  or  whom  It  may 
concern,  and  without  ineiirance. 

1.  In  the  eaae  of  good*  to  be  forwarded  beyond  mia 
Company's  line  their  Itobility  It  to  eetend  only  to  the^ 
own  portion  of  the  route  over  which  the  goode  are  t3  ha 

*'*j"*'K?JSp»  when  their  agents  are  guillyrf  noea  iimII- 
gence,  this  Company  It  not  to  be  respooalUc  »w  Iqjuries 
»  goods  that  may  arise  iirom  the  dani^en  or  the  teas  or 
milnHui,  canal,  river  or  lake  traosportarion,  or  fkom 

Rrovldential  or  other  unavoldaUe  cause,  or  Iirom  •{•.  or 
«m  the  effects  of  heat  or  coW,  or  from  the  perislmble 
eharacter  or  fragility  of  the  goods  th^iaselva.  luch  w 
furniture  or  caiilnft;  or  from  defective  nachaas.iuA 
ss  Ions  of  contenta  of  packages  covered  with  cloth, 
iniuries  from  breakage  of  glau  or  other  blltlla  ware, 
leakage  of  Uouidi,  etcape  of  grain,  or  other  taull  «*!• 
cles  l?om  bags,  decay,  ruit  on  iron,  detarioratlon,  lots 
of  weight  by  natural  cauiea,  etc..  i>t  for  chugm  of  tha 

market  during  the  period  of  tianapoftatten.         

4.  Clalmt  for  lots  or  damage  shall  be  aiada  In  writing 
Immediately,  and  if  delayed  for  more  than  wn  day? 
after  the  ddlveiy  of  the  article,  or  after  duedmafor  Iha 
deliver    '  .     «    - 


:ne  oenverr  «r  hw  aiuuo,  «■■  ».>~  -— >  "7-7,'"  -y- 
MTV  thereof,  llie  Company  shall  »ot  be  llabla.  la 
»f  loss  or  daman  to  any  of  tha  goods  herrin  man- 
I.  for  which  dSs  CompaAy  would  be  UaUe,  It  Is 


caseo 

tloned.  lor  wnicn  iin»  %,«,,»•,»••/  "■?■","•  ™— , ..  ~ 
agreed  that  thev  shall  have  tbe  benefit  of  any  jaaiiiBBee 
liuit  may  have  been  or  may  be  entcled  on  acM  goods, 
and  than  In  no  case  be  answerable  over  tn  the  inarefs. 

},  In  piirauanca  of  a  law  of  New  Jeney,  paiead 
March  lolh,  1833.  aothoritlRg  Railroad  Compmdan  1; 
Umit  thdrrstpontibillty  for  |>oofor  every  loopowtds  <S 
goods,  unlam  addldoaal  compensation  be  paid.  It  U 
agreed  that  thU  Company  are  not,  In  any  am,  10  be 
UaUe  for  more  than  a  dulUr  a  pound  for  the  Iota  or 
damage  to  tha  aoodt  carried  under  tiilt  agraemenl. 

«.  In  the  case  of  goods  lecdvad  for  wnepoitalian 
from  connecting  Hnes,  this  Company  shall  have  the 
benefit  of  any  eaemptians  flrom  liaMlitr  sUpalated  for  la 
dta  Mils  of  ladlM  given  to  the  shipper  or  consioior. 

>,  Tfce  goods  herein  refcmsd  to  sliad  be  niMeot  10  a 
Ken,  and  may  be  rstnlned  for  frel|!?a  and  dwqm  on 
other  goods,  due  firnn  the  p«rty  on  wbota  acouoat  they 
an  tnMa?orted,  as  well  as  for  (ke^^l  and  dwiget  on 
the  goodt  lemlnad.  .... 

Not  BOgottaMa.  ^^IP**i}  hi  ^ 

^  rof  tba  CompMqr* 

To — .  w«* — •'****r:r' 

Racalva  and  Cwwardc  aubiaet  to  tba  mndittoM 
•f  Mn  of  todlpg.  from . 


Markad  — h 

ror . 

Weighing . 

Ifiaaa-fing— .  8.«..5H«,^. 

Bill  mt  I«tf  lm«-DMMMM«. 

Tna Raiuioad  Comvant. 

Racaivad  at .  thia day  of — ,  of  -— .. 

tha  (Allowing  articlaa,  contanta  and  condltioni 
nahnewo,  to  ba  carrlad  and  dallvarad  on  tht 
tarma  and  aeeordinf  to  tba  agraamant  aa  apacl- 
Aad on  tha  bach  of  tRia  receipt. 

Marked — ■. 

Number  and  daaeription  of  paekagaa : . 

AOBBBHBin'. 

It  It  agreed,  and  It  pan  of  the  cootlderatloa  of  this 

coalract.  . .  ..... 

I,  That  aD  goods  received  for  transportation  shall  tie 
prop'^riy  packed,  and  distinctly  marked  with  the  name 
of  the  consignee  end  the  ttttion  where  consigned :  ihsy 
shall  aUo  be  accompanied  by  an  Invoice,  stating  dale, 
weight,  amount,  value,  and  to  whom  consigned. 

t.  Thai  the  Company  thall  not  be  responejble  for  ttic 
mellimi  of  Ice,  decay  or  Injury  to  oerithaUe  article, 
from  heat  or  cold,  or  for  any  loss,  hjury,  or  damage 
from  thfl  danger  of  railroad  inintpartalian,  explosion*, 
Are  in  sions,  depots,  or  in  transit  leakage,  breakage, 
theft,  or  from  any  cause  whatever,  uulma  ilie  tamelic 
proved  to  have  occurred  from  the  flraiid  or  gnas  negli- 
mnce  of  said  Company  or  their  servnats:  aorln  any 
event  beyond  the  sum  of  fifty  dollart,  unlem  olhcrwita 
herein  ««i»t*»ed ;  nor  liahta  for  any  damaae  10  glau  or 
fragile  a;  Ick*.  unless  herein  tpeclally  Inmred.  And 
whw.  *<<.       are  inlnuled  to  any  6ll.er  coawaay  or 

age^n  (wiiSch  Mid Railroad  Company  to  hereby 

wjthfjrfrad  :•)  do>,  such  company  or  peruM  to  tilected 
».ia!l  i«  rea-rded  exclusively  as  the  agem  of  the  owner, 
ard  iM  »J3i  alone  liable:  and  the .Railroad  Com- 
pany nbell  not  in  any  aveat  he  resptmslbk  for  ibc  aegli- 
genoe  or  non-performance  of  Any  such  coaqmKV  or  r<r. 

i^ :  nor  In  any  event  shall  Iha Railroad  Company 

ba  llaMe  for  any  Iota  or  daauge.  unleta  the  claim  ihere- 
fer  thall  ba  prttented  to  the;a  la  writing,  at  their  office, 
within  iWrty  dayt  after  the  time  when  tik'd  property  hat 
oroughl  to  have  been  delivered.  The  good*  "'"■'l?*^ 
thallbe  toU<«t  to  a  Hen— and  may  alto  be  iMalned-for 
all  arrearagm  of  finlg^l  due  on  other  gooda  by  the  tame 
eonelgnee  or  owner.  .    «       ^ 

1.  Storage  will  bs  charged  on  goods  allowed  to  tamain 

over  twenty-four  kourt  In  the  Compaay't  dapoM  or 

4.  Artlklm  rrqulri-^  ooopeiage  wlB  'ja  chaigtd  ibec^ 
with 

5.  Gunpowder,  gun-cotton,  friction  matchai,  and  like 
eombiwllHct  an  not  received  or  t'aueparled  axeept  by 
special  contract  to  ba  made  with  the  Geaend  Freighi 
Agent.  The  Company's  tgcnla  are  autborind  to  open 
any  puckagm  sappoced  to  contain  the  tame,  and  the 
paMmTdMng  them  under  Use  InvoiCM  will  ba  prose- 
cutad  accavdiag  to  %w. 

6.  Goodt  at  private  mmoat*  tKaD  be  at  dM  onneer'e 
risk  untH  atttchod  to,  and  after  lh>/  are  detached  fran, 

T.  /n  artldes  will  be  at  te  ridi  of  the  owneia  at  ikt 
leMral  "way  tudont"  and  ilalferaM 
buUdlimi  have  not  been  c*Kbl!thti1  fey 
A«m  ne  moueat  lucb  artldat  are  <tell! 
caiaaa^rweifitforMiPrM.  ^      .,   .,,, 

t.  ■Die  rmpoeeiblUty  oC  the  Comnany  under  MabUl 
of  hiding  to  comaMncc  upoa  the  shMncot  of  the^g«» 
from  this  ttatloH.  and  to  tsradaaM  whea  «nl  rnded  from 

'Maehhwrf,  AimltuTs,  slovee,  agriodtural  _la»^fr 


I  ilalferaie  erheia  ^apoi 
bKthwl  fey  the  C2*2*"/> 


o.  Maentnary,  mrmiuye,  swrw,  as>i«HUH«  »«'•' 
me&M,  and  all  slmlbr  articles,  whea^not  packed  In 
boxa.  win  alwaya  ba  %x  owaai'a  risk  oT  brtrkage  firom 
handling  or  any  other  eauM. 

Not  nagotlaUa.  .. 

Tmb  — ■  Railmmo  CoitrAiiT. 

Tiaaa >  D«ta -—-. 

Racaiva  and  forward,  aubiact  to  th«  easdtt»«aa 
ob  back  of  raealpt. 
Sacatv,<id  of  — — » 

Number  wA  4oacriptfea  of  pMMfaa  i---|. 


>*0  CoMrANT. 

—  <l«y  of ,  of  — , 

inwnta  ond  condtlloni 
and  doUvorod  oa  th« 
lb*  acroonioAt  m  apaci- 
laalpt. 

lef  paekacaat 

■aKT. 

r  iha  caoaldaralloa  of  ihii 

for  traiuportatlon  thall  be 
lly  markol  with  ih*  name 
Ion  wham  coMignad ;  ihey 
>y  Ml  Invoico,  tiaUiic  <i*l<> 

0  whom  con*lgn«d. 

1  not  b«  rctpomibla  for  the 
Junr  to  pcrlahaUa  article* 
ny  loa,  ftjury,  or  damate 
traMDortalioa,  Mploalonn, 
Iramil  Imkafa.  brcalM|ie, 

laltvar,  unloa  iIm  laaM  dc 
itm  lh«  ftand  or  (roat  ncgll- 
ihclr  tat»aM»  i  aor  In  any 
ly  dollar*,  uHlaaa  olharwiM 
for  any  daoMfi  lo  flau  or 
la  tpfciaOv  lamiraa,  Ami 
to  any  ouar  cooi^ayar 
llroad  Compaay  it  hatcby 
npan*  or  paiaoa  m  i ilacted 
f  a*  III*  a|«M  of  dtt  oamer. 

ind  th« Kalfaroad  Com- 

b«  fwpootibl*  for  ihe  aagll- 
r  any  siKh  coatpaK*  or  r't- 

tha Railroad  Coaipaoy 

aflc,  unhna  tha  cbln  ibert- 
a  In  wrMlnf.  at  iMr  office, 
lima  when  taid  proparty  hai 
red.  The  gooda  ItaaapoTttd 
id  Bwy  alio  b*  ntalnad—for 
on  otbar  gooda  by  Ik*  tame 

i  on  goods  aflowad  to  tomala 
iba  Coapaay'a  dapoia  or 

teragi  grU  ^m  chaiftd  ilierj- 


n,  frktioo  natch**,  aad  like 
■d  or  t?auapartad  aicepi  by 
la  witb  tha  Gaawai  tniflkt 
|(ntti  are  aatbwind  to  open 
i  cooeala  dia  aaiaa,  and  the 
Um  invotoa*  will  ba  pn*a- 

MM*  ritaB  ba  at  tk*  owaar's 
kfUr  dwy  ata  d«>afh*d  tma. 


t  ritlc  or  tha  ownara  at  the 
id  atatfonaa  arhara  4apot 
aUithwl  by  tha  Coaip^nv, 
d*(  ara  .Ulivoiad  ivai  the 


the  ritk  of  tha  owner*  at  tba 

uid 

stabL- 

tid*i  I 

tlM  CoMsaay  imd*r  thl*  bUl 
m  the  «h!p**ent  of  the  good* 
raUaata  whoa  witiad«l  ftoai 

,  More*,  agrkultuial  lat)^ 
rtid**,  when  not  packad  la 
vaat'*  ri*ic  of  biopkai*  ftoai 

a. 

A*  A«(  K^ottf^0  ^iawf^ 


umavCoMMinr. 

!!>ia««  — — ,  Data  — . 
,  tuh)«ct  to  tha  cMidMons 


ten  of 


^t1t,i 


SKf^. 


BAILMENTS. 


Ilf 


■m  mt  Xmttmm  P>i— U«. 

Thb  —  RAiiJiaAu  CottaAHT. 

Wbui  good*  lor  BMra  than  one  mark  ara  comprliad  in 
MM  dtay-load,  laparata  racaipt*  must  ba  aani  for  each. 

Thmugk  and  Local  Freight  will  not  be  received  after 
(o'clock  r.  M. 

All  freight  miMt  hare  the  naiaa  of  the  Matlon  at 
which  It  U  to  be  delivered  //a/mfy  mmrJM  on  the  pack- 
tie*  and  oa  ihl*  receipt. 

RIaca .  dau  — . 

Racaivad  of  (e»m*iri»r  tr  itMtr't  nrnmt). 

Numbor  and  daaertptloii  ef^gooda,  ate., . 

Marhad 

To  ba  tranapeitad  to ,  and  dallvarad  to , 

gr  ordar,  upon  tha  tarviN  and  aeeordlng  to  tha 
■graamant  aa  ayacMad  ou  Jbo  back  af  thta  racaipt. 

Aoaaanairr. 
It  I*  agreed,  and  la  part  of  tha  conaldaratlon  of  thl* 

contract: 

I.  That  all  good*  received  for  irampottallaa  ahill  be 
procarly  paaltml  and  duiinclly  laarkad  with  the  name 
of  the  coaelgnK,  and  the  itatlon  where,  and  to  whom 
comtanad. 

1.  That  the Railroad  Coaapaay  thall  not  be  re- 

•ponalble  for  the  meiling  of  lea :  ttjicay  or  lidury  to  per- 
ishable article*  from  beat  or  cold;  or  (or  any  lot*,  injury, 
or  damage  from  the  danger*  of  railroad  trtuwportatlon, 
explialon*,  flra  In  etoraa,  depotui,  or  to  trtiHll,  lealiaKR, 
breakat^,  shrft,  or  fron*  any  cause  whataver,  >jnle**  the 
ume  be  proved  lo  have  occurred  from  tha  fraud  or  jpo** 
nefiigence  of  taid  Company  or  iu  ■arvaol* ;  nor  llvble 
for  anv  damage  to  ria**  or  fhig:ie  article*,  unle**  lierein 
ipeclally  ineurwl.  And  when  g'lod*  ara  imruMad  to  «ny 
other  company  or  p«r«<»i  h'hlGh  lald  —  Railroad 
Company  M  heirabv  anthnriaad  id  doV  cuch  company  or 
perton  sn  aeiactaa  *hall  be  rtgardad  tjiciu*lv*iy  a^i  the 
agent  of  th*  orner,  aiid  a*  (uch  aloar  liable :  and  Ihe 

Railroad  CoKUuiyahall  not  la  any  event  be  ta- 

ipomibl*  for  th*  aeyplgaaoe  or  non-perfonaariee  of  any 
•uch  enmpony  or  peiaoa ;  nor  In  any  rvant  (kail  the 

Railroad  C'^mpany  be  liaUa  for  any  hiaa  or  daauga 

kRleu  the  claim  thweior  *han  be  praeemtad  to  them  In 
writing  at  th*  olliee  of  *ald  Company  in  — •,  within 
Ave  day*  alter  th*  time  when  *aM  property  ha*  or  oiyht 
to  have  been  deHversd.  The  gcod*  iran*pontJ  *han 
bu  Hiliiect  io  a  lien— aiMt  laay  tShio  be  ratafned— for  all 
arrearage*  of  Aalght  aad  chait**  due  on  odier  good*  by 
Ihe  *ame  coaaigoae  otr-  oamer. 

FreHriil  to  b«  paM  tip»n  the  weight  of  g«edi  a*  aaecr- 
tiined  Dy  tlM  Company'*  *cal**. 

3.  Storage  win  be  cnaifed  00  good*  allowed  to  tamain 
pver  twanty-fanr  kotu*  In  (Im  d^tot*  or  warekouai*  of 
laid  Company. 

4.  Article*  caopand  anli  ba  ckai«*d  tkarowith. 

J.  Qunpowdar,  gm-cattan.  fHctioii  matekef ,  and  llta 
comboetlblM  are  not  ?in!alT«d  or  trampetted  iindar  thl* 
contract. 

6.  Gooth  at  private  nvmout*  tikalt  be  at  tka  owner'* 
ritk  until  aitacLiid  to  and  after  Uiey  ar«  detackad  from 
the  train. 

7-  Allartidda-arlllbeattbarieVarthaoameni  at  the 
Mverai  "way  atattom"  and  qlarfbrm*  where  depot 
bu'.ldlnai  have  not  been  e*lab)W>ed  by  ihe  Company, 
from  tr*  moaMOt  *ueh  artld**  ar*  dMlvcted  from  the 
car*  aa  Jlrtehd  at  martiJ. 

t.  Fial^t  earriad  by  till*  CoBtmcy  miat  ba  mnoved 
fnm  •he  datkai  at  —  <A»rdir  trnMirci  Ami?  on  tha 
ity  atUM  arrival,  or  It  owy  ea  *to>ad  at  oamar**  ritk 
■nd  eaaaaaa,  aad  in  the  event  of  It*  JattrucUon  or  dam- 
ig*  from  any  cauM  whUc  In  th«  depot  it  the  Company, 
>l  li  agraed  that  *aM  company  nhall  net  br  llaUa  to  nay 
any  (lamagiB*  therefor. 

9.  Thr  7*(pnn*ibUlty  cf  tha  Coupn"  under  thi*  Ull 
of  lading  to  oomaMnea  upon  tha  .ihipnikat  ef  the  good* 
frMH  iM*  (taiioa,  sod  10  termlaa-a  whin  miloadeir&om 
the  car*. 

Macklnerv,  fttrnltdia.  *to*«*,  agrlenlmrat  implemeati, 
and  all  tlndttr  acticha.  arhea  not  packed  !n  bona,  arlll 
fttwaya  ba  at  owner**  i1*k  of  bnaStia*  from  han^liM  or 
any  odmr  cania. 

A.  A.i4fMif. 

PMC* —»,  data —> 
Tira  — —  lUitaoAD  CouaAwv, 
ilaealva  and  forward,  anttiaet  ta  tlaa  eoadldena 
•f  bUl  of  l&ding.  frOiB.  — .,  la .   (State  Mkaf .) 

MaHi«3->-s 

rar .  |tli.,5ft«^«r. 


mil  ar  IrfMllair-BvaMaMtf. 

ThB  —  RAIlaOAO  COHPANV. 

Place  ——I  data  —  '^ 

Received  of  (etniigntr  «r  tki^r't  nmmt). 

Numbar  and  daacrlption  of  paekagaa. 

Marhad ,  Freight,  • 

To  ba  tranaporteato  — ,  and  delivered  ta  (raa 
lignit't  »i*mt\,  or  Order,  to  ba  Nr  tie  forwarded  te 
UtitU  wkirt),  by  (Hmt*  rxktm),  orlf  bv  (him  «r  them) 
rahiaQd  to  b*  tant,  b>  any  other  direct  aad  con- 
veiiieat  route,  npan  the  following  terma.  aa  pay* 
maut  of  fralglit,  aa  he<;etnbafora  apacHled. 
It  it  ■gmad,  and  i*  part  of  ihe  coMilderatlOM  ol  Ihi* 

contract : 

I.  That  aU  good*  received  Ibr  traatsortalion  thall  be 
property  .jacket),  and  dlilinctly  marked  with  name  of 
coiMlcnae,  and  tha  tuijon  where,  aad  to  whom  cm»' 
eigned. 

1.  That  the  — ~  RallnvAd  Company  thaC  not  be  r«- 
epogulMe  for  the  melting  of  Ice;  decay  or  Injury  in 
perlahable  article*  from  neat  or  cold :  or  for  any  lo««. 
Injury,  or  damage  from  tebkaga,  bnaKage,  or  for  any 
cauae  whatevei',  unlet*  ((•«  **m*  ba  proved  to  have  oc- 
curred 'rom  the  frtud  or  groe*  negligence  of  *ald  Com- 
pany 01  iu  *crvaiiu :  aor  Uabt*  for  any  *amage  to  gbi-« 
or  fragile  artidea,  unlet*  hevein  tpacialhr  Inturad :  nor 
In  any  event  sihaii  tbit  Company  b*  Habfr  for  any  dam- 
age, vnleti  ih*  claim  (halt  b*  preaeniad  to  them  in  wrli- 
Irg,  at  the  ollle*  of  raid  Comp.4ny.  wllhin  ten  clay*  after 
the  lime  when  lb*  aaid  proMrty  na*  or  ought  to  hava 
been  delivered.  No^  will  the  Cnmpain  be  reapomlMe 
for  any  gooii^  loat,  ttolen,  or  damaged,  beyond  the  value 
of  fffry  dollar*  par  paciiae*.  anion  the  value  I*  dl*cloaed 
am)  raeelpted  <b< .  The  good*  tmntporled  aball  b*  *ub- 
jcct  to  ajian— and  mav  alto  be  laialned— fiar  alt  arrear. 
acta  of  might,  vnA  CRiirg**  dua  <m  other  good*  by  the 
earn*  eomtgn**  ok  owner.  When  good*  ar*  ■ntrutM^l  to 
any  otha>- railroad  or  tmntportailon  vnmyKKf  (whi'ih  i* 
herrinr  authorited),  tiKh  company  to  *eMcted,  *h*l!  bt 
■agnraad  eacluttvely  at  th*  afnit  of  tha  owner,  txA  a* 
aiich  aion*  liaMa :  and  tha  Company  thMH  aot  in  any 
event  fe>  reeponeibta  for  the  negligenoa  or  noa-parforaM 
aaea  of  atiy  each  eowpany. 

rraicht  to  ba  paM  upois  the  amight  of  goou*  i*  aacer- 
atinad  uy  the  Company'*  aeal**. 

j.  Stoirage  will  be  charged  ongoods  allow  remain 
over  twenty-four  hour*  in  the  depot*  or  a  uae*  of 

*ald  Company. 

4.  Aritooi  eao^MTwl  wiU  be  ckarg^  thr        .h. 

S  Gunpowder,  gi^n-cMton,  friction  m^'  a,  and  like 
oombatHble*,  are  not  received  t>r  tramp.  .^  under  ihl* 
contract. 

tf.  Good*  at  privatt  tum-«-iti  •hall  be  at  tha  owner** 
rIaSi  until  attached  to  ait'd  aft>-  thay  *r«  detached  from 
the  train. 

y.  An  article*  win  be  at  the  dnk  of  tke  owner*,  at  the 
eavatal  "eray  *tallon*"  and  plalfunaa,  wkar*  dtpat 
buildlnci  hAva  not  been  atabllalkid  by  tke  Company, 
iiom  the  motacni  *ueh  aitici**  are  ddivaied  fiom  the 
caia  a*  directed  or  marli^. 

•  The  rttpontlMUt*  of  the  Compaay  nader  ihl*  bill 
of  lading  to  eommkoca  upon  tlia  ahfpiaiat  of  th*  gooda 
from  thl*  Matioo,  and  to  tetminala  when  tinloadea  from 
ihec£TB. 

9.  In  pmntianGe  of  a  kiw  cf  New  Jeiaey,  peteed 
March  iclh,  itsj.  authoritiM  raflraad  eompaw**  ta 
limit  their  reapMiwhilltit*  to  fioo  feravaiT  teopoanda 
of  good*,  unle**  addJtktmd  ocmpan*atioa  oa  pefd.  It  I* 
agnaii  taae  thl*  Compaay  it  not,  in  an^  eaae,  to  be  Ita 
Ma  ib^-  more  than  a  dcStara  pnuf!  fcrdia  lo**  or  damrg* 
tk>  •He  good*  undes  thl*  agreemant. 


and 


Ma^Snery.ftvailnr*,  *l!/v«*,  ««HcultaMl  Impkonu*. 
kI  all  (Imiuir  articba,  when  r Jt  packad  ia  boaci,  -^11 


alwjya  ba  At  tha  owner'*  rtdcof  Iwaduigt  Aa**  kaniGing 
or  Kvi  odke?  cauaa 

For  tba  Campany.  A.  A.  ' 

lavwea*. 

Tot*!o— .  Ptaca— -.Data — . 

koceiM  and  forward,  aakjact  tff  tho  condltlaiia 
afMUof  ladlac,flram .  {SMtwkeJ.) 

Marked .    fw 

Weicklac  — —  poatKla. 

Meaaurlikt  —  enWe-^Mt. 

Plrelg^t  pSd  (ar  caOect)  9— t. 

S.  K.  3HilM»- 
SUI  •€  I«4lar-»MMa:Uo  «r  rttvcScik 
Mntkmi!ZihSHata,tt>:..V*nit. 

UMp^  in  |Ood  order  and  eaoAitfcet  ky  A.  1^ 


Miipiia^pfip^ffifl^^ 


r 


I 


I; 


^'K 


Si 
'A' 
HI 


nS 


BAILMENTS. 


ft  Co..  i«  ttti  «»M  tjw  r«/«rf«r  •»«*/),  MdM  th« 

(■MM  «^  fMM/).  wbM^iimuiuf/  mttUr)  to  inu- 
tw ti tliiiipr«»«it v«rw*. •!»*  now lyiM la Ui« 
port  of  — ,  wia  bsuBd  Tor  (tMc  dnHmUtm). 

■aim  marli«4  m4  numb«r«4  m  par  margia. 
•b4  m  to  i«  4«llv«r*d  in  tha  Hit*  goo^  order  ind 
condition  at  tha  port  of  (#/<•/#  ikuinstitn  H**'), 
mm  daiiunn  of  Um  mm,  fln  and  entlMun  only  MCCMad) 
iinte  {ftmlgmttfi  mam*),  or  to  hto  (•r  ilMir)  ■■»■«•, 
ha  or  thay  dk  .og  fraifht  on  tho  aaid  raarehaniiaa 
•t  tha  rata  oT ,  and  avtraca  Menatomad. 

In  witnaaa  wharaof,  tha  jr.aaur  or  pwnw  o*  tha 
Mid  ahlp  or  vaaaai  hath  afltmiad  to  two  hlUa  of 
Edlng  oT  thia  tanor  and  date,  ona  of  which  haiag 
•Mompliahad  tha  othar  to  atMid  void. 

Waight  and  eentanta  unhnawn. 

Draft  of  vaaaalaaloadadi 

»— hat. In.  forwardj  — fatt,— ia.  nft. 

^-biNhala.    ^uartara. 

* a. 4.  par  (tuartar. 

jFralght.A . 


lat- 


-— dayof      » 


Mil  Af  Kwilaar— ' 

Bttrrtb.  Ht.    G*ntr*t  nrmi~-StMtf  y*Mfi,  Ht. 

■hippad  in  good  ordar  and  eondltion,  by  A.  1 
*  Co;,  en  hoard  tha  (khtd  rf  mtut)  caltod  tha 
tmmm*  ^  vmt),  wharaof  (tMow  tf  mait*r\  to  dim- 
tar  for  thia  proaant  voyoga,  and  now  lying  in  tha 
port  of ,  and  boand  ibr  {tiaH  dtttfarnhm  atrnfm). 

IDtKritt  gmlJl.) 

Whtah  ara  marhad  and  nnmbarad  aa  par  mar- 
gin, and  ara  to  bo  daitaarad  in  Uha  good  ordar  and 
•ondltton  at  thaalbraaald  pmrtof  (jMridmMPMMM), 
(tha  dangm  of  tha  Mai,  Itn  and  etriltaSon  only  aaontMi) 
nnto  (cwH^nMv'r  Maw),  or  to  bta  (*r  dialr)  aaateva, 
ha  or  thay  paytnc  IMght  npen  the  aaM  aaavcfiaa- 

dtaa  at  tho  ratoer ahilUnca  —•-  naneo  par  -— 

galtona  fgroM  gauge),  daHvat^  with  Ave  par  cant. 

Brtmafo  and  airamga  aaaaetoHifd- 

In  witnaaa  whartef.  tha  maalar  or  pwaor  of, tho 
»«M  vaaaal  hath  afBrmad  to  -~  MOa  of  ladlag. 
aU  of  tMa  tenor  aad  data,  ona  of  which  betas  ao- 
compliahad  the  raat  to  etaad  veld. 

MwgriM«i  l«vl— . 


•hipping  Marka. 


^teMlNo.  bbto.  — 
—  galtona  (pen  ■ 
•  pavabtowla.,! 


—a.  — d.  per— 

mnace.  s  per  cent.,  d--- ■. 

Total,*      ■. 

Oange  and  eontenta  nnkoewBi  Mtaewant*- 
bto  (briaakace  or  breakage. 

rralght  payable  on  barreto  delivered  fttll.  part 
IbU.  or  empty. 

Datedat ,thto dayof .  .  ^ 

Mil  •ri*«ia|r-r»ralm  •'  P— iertla. 

Shipped  In  good  order  ana  coadltlea  b*  (fte/r 
wt«M),  on  board  tha  {.Umd  if  vtml).  caDUl  tiie 
(«MM  eruW),  wharaof  (MMw  v  mmittr)  to  maatar. 
now  Mag  ta  the  port  of  — ,  aad  bonnd  for  («te/r 
^imitSn). 

tpueriit  gwA.) 

Belnc  nu&ked  aad  nnmbared  aa  In  the  martta. 
audto  be  defivered  la  the  like  jgeed  ordar  aa4 
condition,  attheafbreaald  port  of7»«i»«r  dutlmMrm 
Ht^im),  (the  daagwr*  of  the  laae.  Ara  and  cmIiIob  cs- 
acBted).  ante  (efm^gm^t  Mmih  or  to  hto  (ar  ihair) 
aaalnia.  he  or  they  yaylas  ftaight  for  the  aaM 
geada,  la  U.  ft.  cormacy,  at  tha  rate  of  — — .  wMi 
— >—  poreeaM.  arlaia(e  aad  average  aceiwfe ' 

In  wtttMMB  wfcerapr.the  maatar  or  aseate 
aald  vaaaa!  hath  aflrmad  to  (War  mmtir)  I 
laiilng,  an  of  thto  tenor  and  mMiom 


bell 
Ni 


theotharatej 


accowiMbto  far  leakage.  braahaM* 
W^ghta  and  cpnteatt  vnkn 

■el'atacUee. 


If  arks  and  numbaro.  —.    rretghl,  «-.%   fit 


ma«»i  - — ) 
Datedat  — 


Ugfateras*! 
eawPMpiatt, 


iraay.atttM 


-.the. 


•  day  of — . 


•fthe 
War  jawilai')  btUe  of 
MMi  one  of  which 


asa«rtaat.   'Weighte  and  centeatt  unknown. 
To  be  laeelved  atoagaMa  withia  reaah  of  vno- 


I  of 


Mil  f  VmAimm-Wmrmtmm  mw  M 
C»rk/tr  Ortbrt—SmiSiit  VmhI, 
Shipped  In  good  order  and  condtlion,  by  A.  a 
ft  Co.,  In  aad  upon  tha  ikind  ^mtttri)t»\M  tht 
{nam*  ^  «*iml),  wharaof  (mmw  ^  wnuttr)  la  maa- 
tar for  thto  preeaat  voyage,  aad  now  Ivieg  In  tha 

pert  of .  and  bound  Tor  Cork  («r  falmouth,  at 

QuMmtown,  tr  Ptnnouih,  ate.)  Ibr  ordara. 

Being  marked  aad  aambared  ae  per  margin, 
and  ara  W  be  delivered  la  the  like  good  order  and 
eoadltlon  at  tha  port  of  ultimate  'aetlnatlon  (ihc 
dangan  of  iha  mm,  lira  and  colltelon  only  aac4pud)  unto 
(cfiuigiut'i  namt),  or  te  hto  («•■  ihalr)  aaalgna,  ha  or 
'(hay  paving  Aralgbt  on  the  eeld  merchandiM,  at 
per  terme  and  condittona  of  charter  party,  datad 

the day  of ,  and  fkiMIUng  all  other  condl- 

tlone  thereof. 

In  witneaa  whereof  the  maatar  or  parear  of  mid 
ahlp  or  vaaeal  hath  aArmad  W  two  bllto  of  todlni, 
of  Uito  tanor  and  ante,  one  of  which  being  accoof 
pUahad  tha  other  te  atand  void. 

■Mrsl"»l  lHV«l««. 

Marka,  -^,    Bnahato, .    qoartera. 

Weight  and  eontente  unknown. 
D.Tain_,thto_day^         M. «. 

—  tay-daya  ware  uead  in  loadleg  veaaal  tt 

• — ',  leavlag tay-daya  for  diacharging  carga 

at  the  port  of  diecharse  aad  awattlag  ordera  « 
port  or  call. 

Mil  •t  MMMmit-WtwmmMm. 

Place ,  Date  — . 

Shipped  by  (r«Sa/r«4«M>  la  apparent  good  ordaa 

en  board  the  ateamahip ,  with  leave  te  tran* 

fbr  to  any  other  ateamahip  of  the  Una.  and  bound 
for  — ;  with  liberty  M*  call  at  any  pert  or  porta, 
fSsr  whatever  purpoaa. 

(Dttcrii*  gtitlt.) 

Marked  and  numbered  aa  per  margin,  aad  te 
be  dallveretf  la  like  appareat  good  order  at  — . 

The  acta  of  God,  %rar  or  iha  enemy,  rmraint  of  gov- 
emnrania,  flra  whila  on  board  the  vcaial,  at  «aa,  la  poi^ 
or  on  thofv,  acddanu  from  audiinary,  boliar*,  ■team, 
or  any  other  acdilanii  of  tha  aaM.  riven  and  simm  aa*- 
Igatioa,  of  whataoaver  naluia  or  Mad,  aaeeptad,  and 
with  liberty  to  uil  with  or  without  pttota,  aad  tow  and 
aMitt  vauela In  aH  altuathwa. uaw  —.or auigM, ha 
er  thaypayli«  flraMit  therefor,  ea  per  larUI,  aad  cbaria 
aa  par  marglna.  In  bankabU  money. 

Walghta.  contanta  and  eoodltioa  of  jpaelMgM  baine 
unknown,  bo  ratpontlbillty  h  aMUOMd  thenMr,  nor  wiD 
the  company  be  rHponiiHa  for  cooperage  or  maodiag, 
loM  In  waignt,  leakage. braakage,  or  nnt :  nor  for  Iroat, 
heal,  nMural  decay  of  goodi,  or  unavoidable  aapoaoia 
M  arealhar :  nor  for  the  value  of  above  awrchandlM.lf 
all  or  part  of  it  be  taken  out  of  the  poHaadoa  of  thb 
line,  1^  proccfw  or  cokir  of  law,  tha  aUpper  having  r*. 
eeived  notice  of  tha  foot :  nor  for  gbodt  not  spedAed  in 
4Ui  bill  of  bMling.  Goods  to  be  taken  ft«m  the  wharf 
Immediately  after  the  arrival  of  the  iteamer.  ethciVriM 
they  will  be  stored  at  the  owner's  exoenM,  and  at  hit 
risk  of  ire,  low  or  Iqiury,  In  the  warehouM  dealgaatcd 
bytheegent.  And  It  is  liifther  aaread.  that  the  receipt 
or  poMcaslon  of  this  bill  of  lading  by  the  owner,  shipper, 
oeMlniee  or  agent  of  either  or  all  of  them,  ahan  be 
deemed  suAdent  proof  of  their  knowledge  of  aad  agree, 
meat  to  the  fongoiag. 

The  gaoda  henin  referred  to  aha>  be  aidjaet  to  1  ttcn, 
and  meybe rstataed  for  freight  and  chaiSH  oa  olhci 
goods,  due  from  iheparty  on  wkoee  aeomm  they  an 
transported,  as  weU  aa  for  fMght  and  chatsm  aa  di« 

No  claims  for  km  or  damaga  allowad,  utdasa  aotllled 
Iheteof  at  tha  Ume  of  the  ddlvery  of  the  gooda,  apr  will 
any  packaat  be  estimated  to  eoMaitt  aMic<  a  of  man 
vataa'ihaBli«o,ualeu  specially  cattUedteihscasmary 
when  shipped. 

Marka  and  aambeta,  — . 


Prdsht,% — . 
Chargea,S — » 


A.  A.,  fbr  Astata. 


BtSi 


■% 


WaaCaMnMUM 


tavfl**. 
lyof — . 
Hf  ■  vr 

MMiy  K«MVA  Mir. 

ind  condition,  b«  A 
nW  4/"  uttti)  ealltd  tht 
<MM«  V°  ««M^«r)  U  mu- 
ll and  now  Jytng  In  tht 
>r  Cork  (»r  ralnuMiih,  «r 
ic.)  Iter  ordora. 

nktrod  Ml  par  mtrf  la, 
tba  Uha  food  ordar  and 
lUmaU  'aatloatlon  (ihe 
illblon  only  aac^pMd)  unto 
I  (cr  ih«lr)  naatgna,  ha  or 
10  aald  marchandlaa,  a* 
of  ahortar  party,  dattd 
uMlUng  all  otkar  condl- 

maatar  or  pnraar  of  taid 
■d  to  two  Mlla  of  ladlni, 
I  of  whiab  batng  accom- 
IvoJd. 

— .   quMtara. 

nknown. 

day  of . 

(SipM/)  M.  R. 

id  In  loading  vaaaal  H 
s  for  diacharging  carga 
and  awaiting  ordaia  m 


Ptaca ,  Data . 

In  apparant  good  ordtt 
— ,  witb  loavo  to  traao 
ip  of  tha  Una,  and  bound 
all  at  any  port  or  porta, 

d  aa  par  marflo,  and  to 
irant  good  ordor  at  — . 

iba  tnemy,  raMralat  of  gov- 
d  lb*  vtHai,  at  «m,  la  pott, 
I  audiliMry,  boilan,  Mean, 
I  MM,  riven  and  imm  aav- 
im  or  kbid,  aaetpud,  and 
witbout  pUotc.aadtowud 
M.  unto  — — ,  or  auigM,  h* 
for,  M  par  tariff  and  chargcf 


oadiUoB  of  JwckagM  bdna 
b  Miumad  therafar.nor  wiD 
;  for  coopangt  or  BModlnib 
ikagi.  or  rutt :  aoribrfrMt, 
b,  or  unavdoabla  rapMuia 
Mof  abova  MarehandlM.lf 
Mit  of  tha  aoMiwIon  of  mb 
'  U«r,  tlw  thipper  having  !«• 
wr  for  gbodi  not  ipaeUbd  in 
to  b*  lakan  froai  tba  whan 
at  of  tha  tteamar,  othcrwJM 
swnnr's  cxpenM,  and  at  bit 
lo  tha  wafclMOM  didgaaied 
tber  anced,  that  tha  rwtipt 
ladlngby  tba  owa«r,«blppcr, 
bar  or  an  of  tbtm,  ahall  o* 
Mr  kaowiadga  of  and  agree- 

latr*lM,  ••«. 

1  iqthalibe aidtiael  to  i Urn, 


aigbt  and  cbav*  <»  o**^ 
onwhoM  aoeaoat  lhayw< 
freight  and  chargH  an  tht 

Xallowad,  unbM  aotlSed 
Ty  of  the  good*,  nor  will 
to  eotttaia  aMlcaa  of  men 
daUy  oarttfad  to  tha  CMMrary 


A.  A..rorAfttttii 


BAILMENTS. 


"» 


Mil  •#  MMUwut-Wr*tmm. 


Plaea ,  uata . 


Shipped  by  (rMwjpMr  tr  tkUittr't  «<iM/i,  In  ap- 
parent good  order,  on  board  tha  ataamahlp . 


Unto  (/Aw  ^flintltm). 

Markwland  mimbend  u  par  margin,  with  tibany  lo 
<hlp  by  or  Irantfer  to  any  olhrr  boaU  of  tha  Una,  to  call 
for  any  purpoM  at  any  p»rtnr  port*,  folns  or  relurnlnc, 
ti>  wll  with  or  wUhnul  piintt,  to  tow  and  attlit  vcateli 
In  all  tituallone,  and  tn  tlop  at  any  jvharva*  or  landing* 

at  or  balwecn  the  ports  of ana  ,  or  oinar  pant 

bciwMn  or  In  lh«  vii  Inlty  tlieraof.  To  be  dalivercd,  un- 
Int  the  taaM  be  taken  out  of  poatcaiion  by  proccii  or 
color  of  law.  In  like  appnrcnt  aood  order  (Ine  actt  of 
God,  war  or  tha  enemy,  mtramt  of  government,  colli- 
Jon.  Hre  whilit  on  board  the  vewel  or  at  aea,  in  p<iM,  or 
onanore  awaiting  thlpment  or  delivery,  piracy,  robbery, 
theft  and  detention,  accldenu  of  the  laat,  riven,  Inlaiid 
and  tlMa  navlnilon  ol  every  nature  and  kind  ex- 
cepted) on  wharf  of  ihit  line  at  the  port  of ,  upon 

itirrendar  of  thit  bill  of  lading,  and  payment  In  bank- 
able money  of  IVelght  and  chargea  thereon,  and  all  ar- 
rearagca  of  freight  and  charge*  upon  other  goodt  due  by 
the  tama  eontigiwet  or  owner* ;  or  If  the  marka  Indicate 
a  deetlaation  to  a  point  beyond  uid  port,  to  a  connect- 
ing comnaay  or  companle*  to  be  iranaftrred  and  daliv- 
ered  by  It  or  them  to  luch  person  or  penone  upon  auch 
luriender  and  payment  M  aJbretaid. 


Upon  tha  Awowlng  condition* :  In  catM  where  the 
marlit  In  nungln,  M  anoi 
lion  beyond  tha  port  of ,  ihla  line  I*  authoriiad  to 


agent*  *o  ulactea  ahaU  ba  regarded  exclusively  a 
owner  or  contlgiMa'a  Meat,  entitled  to  the  benefit  c 
condltioiiB  aad  pravltlMia  of  ihl*  and  of  their  ow 


ove.  Indicate  an  ultimate  deiilna- 

>f ,  ihla  line  I*  authoriiad  to 

deliver  the  fooda  ttnm  their  wharf  a*  above,  notwlth- 
iiandlng  anylbiog  herelabefore  mentioned,  to  any  coo- 
neciing  aiMmboai,  railroad,  tranapnrution,  exprea*  or 
Ibrwaraiag  oomaaaiw  or  agenla,  lo  be  tranported  to 
tuch  uMaate  point,  and  dellverad  by  them  to  the  per- 
ion  or  persona  above  naawd;  which  companiea  or 
agent*  *o  ulacted  ahaU  bs  regarded  exclusively  m  the 

ifitofthe 

r  own  bill 
of  lading,  if  any,  given  therefor,  and  of  ail  imunnce. 
In  caaca  of  loM,  datrlmeat  or  tbawga  to  the  gooda,  the 
iranaowtalioa  Company  In  whoM  actual  custody  they 
ihall  oa  at  tha  lima  of  lie  occunenM  thail  alone  he  re- 
tnomiUe  tharafor.  Thto  Una  ahall  not  be  liable  beyond 
ine  port  of——,  though  It  may  have  fixed,  charged  or 
receivad  a  through  rata  of  fialgbt,  and  may  have  deliv- 
ered the  goods  M  abova  provided,  to  be  irantporled  to 
tuch  ultimals  poiat. 

Thb  llaa  b  not  naponaiUa  tat  the  goodt  white  on  the 
pier  or  wbaif  awalling  ahipmani,  nor  after  iliev  have 

been  dtaehaigtd  upoa  the  wharf  at  the  port  of . 

Traasportation  coaqmalM  taking  poaaeulon  of  iliem  for 
dellveiy  lo  any  plaea  lieyood  are  not  icsponailile  after 
their  arrival  at  tlialr  wnarf,  depot  or  sutlon  at  tucli 
place.  The  goodt  ahall  ba  received  by  the  cooslgnM  or 
owner  at  Iha  idlimaM  port  of  delivery,  package  by  pack- 
age, and  if  not  tahea  aaray  during  uia  day  of  tlieir  ar- 
rival, amy,  at  the  option  of  thia  line,  or  at  that  of  auch 
oilier  coaipany,  be  aent  to  sfore,  or  lie  permitted  to  lay 
where  landed,  or  Im  letumcd  to  tlie  port  of  shipment, — 
all  at  tba  expense  and  rbk  of  the  owaer,  ahlpper  or 
conaignee. 

No  responsibility  will  be  Msumed  for  gold,  silver,  pre- 
c.oui  stooM  or  mftali.  lewelry  or  ireaturee  of  any  Vind, 

Elctura.  nlale-gl8M,  cMna,  gtsM  or  statuary,  unless 
Ills  of  tadlng  are  signed  thciafor.  In  which  their  nature 
and  value  era  axpratscd,  nor  for  good*  not  apeciAed  in 
thi*  bill  of  lading,  nor  for  my  package  beyono  the  value 
of  tioo,  ualfM  another  valuation  be  in  uicn  UU  of  lading 
declared. 

All  elalina  for  damage  to  gooda  muat  be  adjtialad  In 
the  presence  of  an  officer  of  the  company  having  the 
jama  then  In  euatody  before  they  are  removed  from  the 
station  or  wharf.  Thdr  vaiiie,  unlew  they  than  aubae- 
queady  iMva  Gdlen  in  price,  tBaU  be  taken  Us  be  their 
vahie  or  coel  at  dte  place  and  time  of  thipment.  Unleu 
written  daaiaad  for  damage  done  abaH  be  made  upon  the 
company  liable  thertfor,  or  upon  tba  company  which 
actually  deliv<iTed  the  goods,  wl'hin  ten  days  after  de- 
livery, it  than  be  taken  to  Inva  been  eralvcd,  and  no  salt 
theroifter  ibaO  be  brought  to  recover  tha  Mme. 

Weigbta,  comenu  and  condition  of  packagM  being 
nnknoem,  no  moanaibltity  therefor  b  aiaamed.  There 
iliaB  ba  na  liability  ibr  cooperage  or  mending,  for ' 


w<»Bbt,  for  leakage,  bfMcaga,  tweat  or  rutt,  nor  for 
Iraat,  neat,  natural  daanr  of  geodt,  or  unavoidable 
expoania  W  weatber.    Vanbb,  Mrpentina,  eamphane. 


burning  fluid,  or  Inflammable  gooda  of  any  deacriptloi^ 
on  deck  only,  and  In  all  catea  to  be  at  owner't  rltli. 

And  It  it  further  expreaalv  tilpulaled,  that  In  cau  iha 
tiramthlp  thail  be  detained  at  the  quarantine,  and  be 
there  oldlged  lo  ditcharg*  iha  article*  named  In  ihla  bill 
of  lading,  that  all  riak  and  liability  lo  the  tieamthip  or 
lo  the  owner*  thereof,  thail  ceata,  aitd  iha  obligatltina 
of  the  tieamthip  under  ihit  bill  or  ladinK  be  decmeil  lo 
have  been  fully  accomplished,  when  the  aniciet  thail 
have  been  delivered  from  the  tucklet  of  the  tieamthip, 
and  all  ritkt  and  exixniet  incurred  thereafter  thail  be  oa 
account  of  the  aforetaiil  owner,  thipper  or  contlgnee. 

The  accepiknce  of  ihiH  bill  of  lading  I*  an  aa reemcnt 
on  the  pan  of  the  owner  of  the  good*  lo  abide  by  all  lit 
atipulallona,  exi-epliont  and  condiliona. 

In  witnaaa  w  tiaraof  ( giv*  num^tr)  Mlla  of  lading, 
all  of  thta  tenor  and  data,  have  baan  aignad,  ona 
whereof  being  accompliahad  tha  otbara  to  atand 
vald. 

Rataa  guarantncd  only  from to par  too 

Iba.  JCa. 

Tot  tha  partlee  in  interaat  aaveially  but  not  Jointly. 

Marka  and  numbera. 

1? 


If 
i*t  cla** 


If 

sd  elaa* 


If 

3d  cbaa 


4lhda** 


If 
Sthcbi 


If^ 

4th  cUu 


rraight,  •— -. 
Chargaa,  t 
Inauranca,  •— — . 

Bill  «r  uMiiHr-rAMMm. 

■klppad  In  apparant  good  order  and  aandition 


by  (c»mt(pi»r  ir  M^^^i  n»mu\  tn  nnd  upon  tha 

ataamahlp  called  tha ,  now  lying  in  tna  p<  ^ 

',  and  bound  for ,  with  option  ta  call 


of 


—,  or  other  intarmadlata  porta. 

Which  are  aurkcd  and  numbcrad  as  in  the  margin, 
and  are  to  be  delivered  in  tlie  like  good  order  and  con< 

ditlon  at  the  port  of (the  act  of  Cod,  the  kiag't 

enemba,  piratea,  roblicrt,  thbv«,  vermin,  barratry  of 
mHter,  or  aiarinera,  resiralntt  of  princn  and  rubra,  or 
paopb ;  lou  or  damage  rcaiilting  iVom  aweating,  leak- 
age, breakage,  rutt,  decay,  rain,  apray.  lou  or  damage 
from  stowage  or  contact  with,  or  amell  or  evapomtloa 
ftom  any  oiner  good*,  inaccuracba,  obllteratlana  or  ah. 
Mnoe  or  narka,  numbers,  addreaaei  or  deacripliona  of 
gooda  shipped  ;  iiqury  lo  wrappera,  hoerever  rained,  or 
nom  any  of  the  following  perils,  whether  arbiag  froai 
the  negligence,  default  or  error  in  Judgment  of  the  pilot, 
maater.  mariner*,  engineers  or  other  person  in  the  Mr- 
vice  of  the  ship,  or  for  whoM  acu  the  ship-owner  b 
UaUe,  or  otherwiM,  howaoever,  namely,  riak  of  craft  or 
hulk  or  tranaahlpmant,  explosion,  heat  or  fire  at  aea,  la 
craft  or  hulk,  or  on  ahore,  either  before  lading  or  after 
unlading,  boilers,  steam  or  machinery,  or  from  the  con- 
tequence*  of  any  damage  or  ii^ury  thereto,  hoerever  auch 
damegc  or  injury  may  oe  cauied,  eoUblon,  *eraiiding  or 
other  peril  of  tlie  tOH,  riven,  navigation  or  land  Uanait 
of  whatever  nature  or  kind  soever,  and  howsoever  caused, 
being  excepted,  erith  liberty  In  the  event  of  the  steamer 
putting  back  to  —  or  into  any  port,  or  otherwbe  being 
prevnnted  from  any  eauM  ttom  proceeding  in  the  on<r 
nary  eouiie  of  her  voyage,  to  tranaahip  the  goodt  by  any 
other  steamer  or  vcsmI  under  and  snttject  to  all  condi- 
tion* and  exceptions  In  thb  bill  of  lading.  All  fines, 
expensca,  losie*  or  damage  which  the  thip  or  cargo  aMy 
incur  or  auller  on  tccount  of  incorrect  or  intuHdent 
maiUag  of  tha  padcagM,  or  deacription  of  their  con- 
tent*, or  dangerou*  nature  thereof,  thaH  be  paid  by  the 

tbippen  or  contlgnee  [at  euiy  be  rcouired ),  and  the 

ahall  have  a  lien  upon  ihc  good*  for  Ine  payment  tliereof, 
and  with  liberty  to  sail,  witb  or  erithout  pilota,  to  call  a| 
any  interme&ate  port,  and  to  tow  and  amiat  vettcb  ia  aH 
tituationa. 

Unto  (ttmtfmt^M  nmmt),  or  to  bin  (er  their)  aa- 
aigna.  Praigbt  nn  aald  gooda  to  ba  paid  at  (ttatt 
fuu$  er  dMtimMtti),  at  tna  rata  of  — ,  with  s  par 
cant,  primaga  aad  avaraga  acctiatomad. 

In  wttiMaa  wharaof,  tha  maatar  or  aganta  of  the 
aaM  ahip  hath  aftrmad  to  tgitH  naaiArr)  blUa  of 
hiding,  an  of  fhia  tanor  and  data,  ona  of  which 
hainf  acoomptlriMd  tha  olhara  to  atand  vaU. 

The  goooa  to  be  ukea  from  alonaaide  by  the  aea- 
tigneet  Immediately  tha  ve**el  b  rea^  to  •Uacbarge,  ot 
they  will  be  liable  to  be  hnded  by  the  maater  and  da- 
;Meii.ed  at  tha  expeaie  of  the  conaignee*,  ami  at  Aeii 
riak  of  flia,  hut  or  injury  on  the  erhait,  or  m  the  war» 


m 


BAILMENTS. 


or 


Iwd  prevldwl  fc»  thai  purpoM  or  iwn  w  »ko 

Ih.  port  &»■  h«r.hy  .y|hoH«Krio  snM  •  n~«»  "'Jw 
for  auchorn  liiim.«.ul»  «ft.r  tmr»  of  ihj  ihlp.  No« 
uounuMt  for  r>><i  or  illw.  mmnufcciurwi  «  unsMkO- 
ubciur«i.  or  In  ihaiM  of  coin.  oUtod  nrtkta.  gUM. 
chim.  JtwJry.  prwlouo  «on«i.  irfnkott,  waieho.,  «l«« 
ptocaa,  moMlci, 


ptoca*.  m<walci,  bllU,  bank  noMn  of  «»y  country,  or«ki», 
Hom,  or  Mcuriilm  for  ih*  paymonl  of  "Mwy.  •!•■•■, 
■up.  wriling*.  till*  AMdf.  pniolln*.  "V":  'Jg;„^ 
turii,  »uiu«ry.  •illu, (kin. Uc«,c«.h«i«j.  "•~»«52~ 
or  unmanuhcturw),  mada  up  low  cM»«»  or  olIwrwM* 
•ontalnwi  In  any  par««l  or  p«ka«  ihlppad  undw  a  Mil 
of  lading,  unlaM  Iho  yalut  iharoof  b«  iharala  aiptMMd, 
snd  Mtm Mght, aa  aay  ta agrMd 50, ha  patl  tneajj 
of  damaga.  kSa  or  noa-dollyary.  llaWlliy  undar  thtahffl 
of  tadliM  n.rt  to  aacaod  tha  Invoica  vaJua  of  tk*  fooda, 
and  for  that  oady  If  tha  good*  ara  corraetly  daacribad  on 
tha  Mil  of  lading.  Fralghl  on  gooda  to  ordar,  and  o«  all 
parithaMa  goodt  mual  ba  prapald,  unlaaa  oiharwtaa 
ign«)  upon.  Prapald  fralght  wl  I  not  by  ratum^. 
^odi  lo»t  or  not  loot.  Shippara  win  ba  bald  account- 
abla  for  all  damag*  eauaad  by  gooda  of  an  InfkmmaMa. 
aaploaiva.  or  otEtrwlaa  dang«w«  cliaraclor,  •"•»«• 
without  parailialon  or  without  fall  dlacloaura  of  thair 
iMtura,  whcthar  nuch  tbippara  (ball  ha  awara  iharaof  or 
iwi,  and  whatbar  »ueb  iMppan  ahall  hi  prlndpaia  or 
utntt  only,  baaldaa  Incurring  lb*  panally  providad  by 

dia  Act  of  CongraM,  list.         .^,,     ..  . 

In  cata  tha  vaaMi  U  pra»ant*d  by  lea  In  IM  rfw 

from  laaching .  lb*  prlvltaga  h  •^~J7^»«*' »"; 

■al'a  aapama,  but  without  vaatal'a  riik.  to  dtachaifla 

and  utora  tha  within-roattUanad  i»archandl»*  at ,  or 

olhar  accaaalMa  point,  In  warahouaaa  or  llghMn.  to  b* 

ferwardad  a*  toon  a*  praetkabla  to ,  by  llghlara  or 

rail,  at  tha  vaatal'a  opiloa  and  aapaiMa,  hut  at  tha  ritk 
of  tha  ownara  of  tha  good*.  . 

Marchandlta  to  ha  raoaivad  on  quay  at -—.and  da- 
llvarad  Iharaffom  by  tha  paraon  ap|>olntad  Mr  tha  agant 

of  tha Una,  and  to  b«  at  ownar**  rl«k  undl  ramojad. 

•wnar  to  pay  tha  axpanaa  of  watc Wng,  at  Oia  ni*  of  Uuwa 
franct  for  iwamy-four  houra,  and  of  dalivary  charge  at 
not  axcaading  ona  ftanc,  twai<»y-»»o  cantlmca  par  ton. 

Parcak  for  dlflkranl  conaignaaa.  collactad  and  mado 
«p  In  aingla  paakagaa,  addraatad  10  on*  puty  for  da«»- 
•n  In  EtTropa,  for  tha  purvoa*  of  avading  tha  paymant 
•riValght,  will,  upon  anamlnaHoii  In  Europ*  hy  tha  cua- 
tona.  h*  chargad  th*  ptopar  ftalghi.  .Saiapla  w^ 
hava  Wt  attandon,  but  no  liability  it  Mkan  for  de)l««ry . 
Walght,  gauga,  contanu  and  yalija  uiiknown, 
In  acoepling  ihit  Mil  of  lading,  tha  (hlpp«r  or  othn 
a«vl  of  tha  ownar  of  th*  propwrtv  carriad,  aaprattly 
Bccapti  and  agraa*  to  all  itt  triptdatlena,  aieaptioaa  and 
coadldoiM.  wMrtlMr  wrtttai«  or  printad 


Tom. 


■M«la*l  ■■▼•to*. 

Cwt.    Qra.    Urn. 


Fraight  00 ,  at  —  »toii, « 

fiaJghtoo— ft.  — 1».  «— 1lto« 
PriaMfft,— -Vmoi. 

Charge  to ,  £ 

%  par  cam. 


Toul,  < 


4«y  of  MlNof  of  otaonar  ky  wkteh  gMd*  tstidat 
thto  raaaipt  ara  abti-padl. 

Par  aiaamar «••• .  D«««  • 

Raaatvad  ofUMJ 
Pull  nama  of 
dupllcata. 

Iforko4i 


eoMtgaa*  mnat  ko  |tvo«  oa  thia 


Datod  at ,  Ih* day  of  ~r-      -J- riy.^ 

Por  OoBoral  Agonta. 

OrtglmU  Jttc*^.       • 

Par  Bt*aiii*r .  PJaeo  — -,  »•«•  "T-* 

R«c«t¥*d  la  apparaat  t^^'Zi'rZi'lS^Z:: 

th*  following  pSS^K*'..^/'*?.*****  aahjaet 

tothotwoaiaonataQioWltoofladtag.     __^,^„ 
Cotalitiona :  TWa  U  to  ba  aacbapgad  for  dia  uaua  bUl 

of  lading  of  th*  llna.  iwiica  of  th*  «V~  •Jj?***? 

heioby  whaittcd ;  and  ihh  property  la  reoeivad  aa^aat 

to  all  tha  proatalona  therein  contained. 
Pnll  aam*  of  coaaigaao  nraai  ba  givoa  on  thta 

racalpt. 

Ifarkodi 

Una.  R.  C.,  i?^er**«  Orr*. 

No  bUla  of  Ming  will  bo  algaad  oa  and  alter 


R.C.irMwMivCtml. 

LIB*. 

mil  mt  UMwm-ffr*»tn»'    .        . 

•hipp*d  la  good  ord*r  aiid  in  apparant  good 
aoBdnion  by  (f#«M<r»«-  •^  M^^r**  •»»*),  In  and 

upon  tk*  ataainahip  caUad  th* ,  wh*f*of- — 

la  ma*t*r  for  thia  pr***nt  voyaf  *,  or  wko*v*r  ela* 
may  go  aa  maater  In  tk*  aald  ahip,  and  imw  lying 

la  tk*  port  of .  and  kouad  for .  wttk  option 

•alUag  at . 

Dooaription  of  good*. 

Which  ara  marked  and  ntnabwad  aa  la  Aa  aurglB. 
and  ate  to  b*  delivered  in  the  like  good  order  aad  ip- 
parent  good  eoodilioa  at  the  abtaMUd  port  of — -,  (Tha 
Ml  of  Ood,  the  puMlc  enemy,  piralea.  robber*.  thie»«. 
vermin,  barratry  of  maa^nr  or  marineta,  reatraintt  of 
princea  and  ruler*,  or  paopi*.  lorn  or  damage  raaulilng 
livm  Ineudkieacy  la  the  ttr««th  of  pr  'Vago,  twealing. 
breakage,  leakage,  rual.  decay.  ra^n,i|  ."loe*  or  dam- 
age fiom  Mowaga  or  contact  with  or  aaidl  or  avapoi*- 
lilin  from  any  otW  gooda  i  Inaccuradaa,  «AIH«al^*»  or 
abaenoe  of  mark*,  numbers,  addraaaai.  or  daieriptlooi  of 
gootk  ihippod :  Injury  to  wrap(«»  howwmf  «»^i)  or 
Rom  any  oflh*  foUowIng  pnfia  fwhethar  arMngfrom 
the  negUgenoe,  defcuh.  or  error  lajudgmeat  of  th*  pilot. 
maaMTmarinei*,  englaam,  or  othar  pnwma  la  the  MT- 
vica  at  tha  ahip.  or  for  whoaa  act*  the  ahipKtwnar  it 
liaMa.  or  othcrwiee  howto*v*r),  *«oepl*d;  namely: 
risk  of  cfiA  or  hulk,  or  iranMhipmenl,  aaploakm,  kml  or 
Am  at  tea.  In  craft  or  hulk,  or  o*  share  1  eliaer  before 
lading  or  after  unlading:  hollars,  steam  or  machinery, 

'  M#  «na>  nagMAfla  Of  HtHlfy  tlMTV' 

I  caused: 


or  ((mi  the  coneequewM  of  any  damaga  or  Mury  Ihera- 
to,  howsoever  such  damage  or  Injury  amy  b*  eiuaed: 
eobtalon.  sttaadiag,  ttralnli«.  or  other  pe>a  of  the  seat, 


to 

eoilMiim.  Bininna(,  »niB«^,  »•  «»"•  r— "  -r  "~-- 
rivert,  navigation  of  whatever  naure  or  h^jdeoevar  or 
howaifavar  caused,  being  eacapted :  with  Uherty  In  tb* 
event  of  tk*  stsamabip  piining  hack  Into  —-  or  into 
any  other  port,  or  otherwiea  being  prevented  Rom  any 
cauM  iram  ptaG**ding  in  th*  onUoary  ooursa  of  her 
voyage  to  traasahlp  the  gooda  by  any  other  sMamablp, 
uf^Tand  suUac<  to  alTdi*  eoadiltoaB  awl  mieaptioaa 
in  this  Mil  rfladlag.  All  inea,  sniaim.  loatg,  or 
daauga  which  the  ship  or  caigo,may  tatcar^ar  suMr  on 
account  of  inoorrect  or 
packages  or  datcrlpdca  o 

nature  thereof,  shaB  ha  r~~  -j  .•--  ••■••/¥  ■ -r-:, 

signeca  (aa  may  he  reqtdnd),  and  th*  »h«P-yy/^ 
havTa  Um  upon  tk*  gMrfs  forth* paymeal  lh*rs«f,a«d 
with  liberty  to  anil  wRh  or  witkowi  pitoja.  to  <»U  at  any 
intarmndlM*  pott,  aad  to  low  aad  aaaiat  vaseela  bi  aS 

litlMtUWft* 

Unto  (ttmt^mt't  omw).  ar  to  hia  («r  Aeir)  aa- 

SSdlaMly  •"  iMdMC  M  tiM  gooda,  witbmit  ae» 
SSwanea  of  erodtt  or  diaeoant.  at  tto^fMa  oT 


All  Ines,  asmmaaa,  haM*,  or 
or  cargo  may  laair.ar  suMr  on 
>r  ioaaOdeat  asafldag  of  the 
of  their  ooolMMa,  «r  dangerous 
I  paid  hy  tha  •MPP«*  "^  «><;: 


llinr^T"'"~     wa    «»aw«am    ^«     »■■  ■  -  w— -, — 

,  with  prlnaago  and  avoraga  ••«w«*"i-3_^ 

la  wltawm  wkSraof.thomaatfr  waCMt  of  aald 

an  of  thia  tanor  and  data :  eno  of  which  MU*  balag 
aceompHabod,  tha  othara  to  ijjndvald. 

Th*  naatnr  portarafo  of  tto  f^'^yX  •' *• 
cargo  to  h*  dona  by  tRo  mb^^mm  oftlM  ahIp, 
Mi/th*  oananaa  tharaaf  te  fe ,1*^  tar  tta  ro- 
e*iv*r*  of  wo  cargo.  Thia  Mil  of  lading,  duly 
lAorMd.  taba  gWM  «p  to  tha  ahip'a conaicna** 
in  aachaago  for  doMvary  order. 

Wririit,  gaime,  eootenia.  and  valu*  unknoim.  Tk* 
goods»i;e«lSa'*omak>n«lde  byllM  conainMabs- 
Sadlaiely  th*  va*sd  la^ready  to  ditcharge.  It  k«ing 
•xpntely  understood  and  agreed  to  hrth*  iktapaMhat 
all^irtall-  of  said  ship.  ui*r  thto  btB  ofM^.o?«g 
assoonaathaartidsanaawdtherelBaiadenyeimjBwm 

th*  tm:kl.a  rf  th.  ship  «  hw  ffl  •'i^g?*!*^ 
oth*rwta*  th*y  Witt  h*  hndwl  by  th*  «**i*r  aad  d» 


"^^ 


^IliP 


r  hy  which  gM4a  on«w 
riaM ,  D«t«  — s 


■mM  ha  |lvM  M  thto 


m..C.,KtttMiitatrh. 

r  •d4  in  apparMt  %n«A 
tr  tki^r'i  »am4),  In  and 

id  Iha ■  wharaaf — 

I  vovaf  a.  Of  whaavat  alt* 
aaid  ahip,  ami  now  lying 
>ub4  far f  wHh  option 


BAILMENTS. 


MiaWad  M  la  (ka  awi|la, 
tka  Ilka  food  ofdar  and  iio- 
I  «fof«»«l«!  port  of  — ,  (Th* 
ny,  piiBWa,  rabUia,  thtrra. 
'  or  aurlnaia,  NMialnH  ol 
la.  loai  or  dainagt  naulting 
aogih  oT  pf  -Vaaa,  aapaailnc, 
»y,  rain,  SI  *  loai  or  darn- 
el with  or  iBrtU  or  avapora- 
Inaocuradaa,  oUliarallam  or 
addrataa,  or  daacrlptlom  of 


mppai*  howovar  caiiaMl :)  or 
pcrtia  (wKatkar  aiWagrrom 
nor  In  Judgnant  of  tba  pilot, 
I,  or  othar  panooa  In  iha  Mr- 
hoaa  acM  tha  ahip«wiMr  la 
■Mvar),  aaoapladi  nuNiy: 
lahlpiiMM.  aaptoalan,  haal  or 
It,  or  oatliaras  ail^Mrbtfora 
bollan,  iiaaai  or  aucklntry, 
any  daoaga  or  hdury  then- 
M  or  iajury  nwy  ba  eauaad; 
a«.  or  oiW  paHl  afiba  i 


TWr  •HHWaw    «••     "aaaai    ■"•■""    —" 

acaptad:  with  Ubattyln  tba 

«!■«  back  Iota or  Into 

M  bdng  uiarawad  (rom  any 
I  tha  ordinary  oouna  of  bar 
wda  by  any  otbaa  naanwhlp, 
h»  eondlllana  and  aacaptloaa 


"  ■••™»,  ■  'f         »  - — ^-» 
cniao  awy  iKvr  or  tuMr  on 

laaaOdant  aaiUag  ef  tha 
'  ihair  ooManta,  or  Aagarout 
Mid  by  Iha  aMppaia  or  con- 
ad),  and  tba  ahlp-oaraar  (haU 
■  fcriha  payaMM  ihaiaar,  and 
r  arlihoM  pllota,  w  call  at  any 

low  and  Maiat  vaaada  In  aO 

w),  «r  to  hto  (#r  Aab)  ••• 
m  (Mght  MtdchargM^a- 
»f  tha  leoda.  without  mt 
r  dlaaoont,  at  tha  rMa  or 


1  «T««1H|«  ■■"■■■■•■■■-•         ,  - 

Ota  moatar  or  mm}  of  mM 
WW  mnwirr )  Mdii  of  tedlng , 
wTooo  of  which  bUlohaiag 
KOtoatoBtlvoM. 

Kof  tha  daUvaiT  of  tha 
coaalciMMo  of  Oio  ahlp, 
Mf  to  ha  pold  hy  tho.  ra- 


Thla  hUl  of  litdiBi,  doly 
ip  to  tko  ahlp'a  conJitiioaa 
ry  ordar. 
ta,  and  valoa  unknown.    Tha 

M^rida  bv  Iha ' '- 

raady  to  diichL. 
■crMdtabylba 
mdar  tbia  MB  of 
•adlharaiaaia 
U  bar  port_  af 
vidadby  tha  i 


Ml 


potliid  at  Iha  aapanaa  of  tha  eonlgnaai  and  at  ikair 
fink  or  ffrt,  lou,  or  Irjury  In  lh«  warahouM  or  ihed 
pr»vl<l«d  for  (hat  purpoM,  ur  Mnl  lo  ih«  public  siora,  u 
ih<  tollKlor  for  ih«  ditirici  ahall  dlrwt,  and  whan  da- 
piiiiicd  In  ika  warahouM  no  •iiwnM  fur  Muran  |o  tw 
haigwl  to  ih*  novrmmcnl.  ami  tha  kryt  of  iha  wara- 
kniiM  or  tkad  to  b«  dalivircd  lo  and  kapi  In  charge  of 
the  nfllcara  of  cualomi  undar  dirociion  of  iha  collector 
(he  collaeior  of  iha  purl  baing  hareby  aaihorltad  to 
grant  a  ganaral  ordar  for  dlacharga  Immadiatcly  aftar 
OTirv  of  Iha  thlp.  Tha  Company  U  noi  accounubia  for 
gold  or  »ll»ar,  or  othar  precioua  raatals,  maniifaclurcd 
,>r  unmanufactured,  or  In  the  thapa  of  coin,  plated 
arilclaa,  glaM,  china.  Jewelry,  pracloui  eionee,  irlnkcte, 
eralihee  or  clock*,  timepiece*,  moaalc*.  bilh,  bank 
"■■■le  of  any  country,  ordan,  nola*  or  tec  ..iile*  for 
[Mvment  of  monav,  eiampa,  mapa,  writing*,  title  dead* 
palnlinn,  engraving*,  piciiiraa,  auiuarv,  *llk*,  fur*, 
lace,  caahmaia,  manubclured  orunmanubcturad,  nude 
lip  Into  ckilhaa  or  otherwita:  conulncd  In  any  parcel 
<ir  packaga  ahlppad  under  a  Mil  of  lading,  nor  for  any 
ebim,  notica  of  which  I*  not  given  before  Iha  removal 
of  the  good*,  iinlaa*  tha  valua  thereof  ba  therein  a«- 
preaaad,  and  extra  IVelghi  to  ba  paid  at  may  ba  agraed 
upo".  "Jj^  accountable  for  any  of  tha  (ama  trtlclai 


»K-..,  -™  .^  _«>»_....«.  ,ur  any  oi  ina  *ani*  tniciai 
when  *hlmd  aa  paaaangiers-  higgage,  or  otherwiaa  not 
under  a  bill  of  ladfiw,  when  the  valua  ahall  exceed  Ijo, 
iinle**  at  the  lima  ofdalivary  tha  value  ihall  ba  declared 
and  the  inertaaad  charge  mentlnnad  in  tha  company'* 
Boticn  b*  paid.  Not  accountabia  for  loa*  of  or  damage  to 
good*  which  I*  capable  of  being  covered  by  Ineumnce 
mir  in  any  cata  for  mora  than  tha  invoice  value  of  the 
■omi*,  nor  for  anv  claim,  notice  of  which  U  not  given 
before  the  removal  of  the  good*.  Freight  on  good*  to 
order  and  on  all  parlehaMe  gooda  mu*i  be  prepaid  un- 
je**  otharwha  agreed  upon.  Prepaid  fMght  wf!l  not 
be  returned,  gooda  loai  or  not  loai.  Shipper*  wlU  ba 
keM  accountabia  for  all  damagct  cautad  by  goiod*  of  an 
kiRammable,  eiploalva,  or  oiherwiea  dangcroun  charac- 
ter, (hlnpad  without  parml**lon,  or  without  full  diaclo- 
lure  of  their  nalura,  whether  aucb  ahlppen  ihall  ba 
twarr  thareof  or  noi,  and  OMy  be  *elted  and  conflecated 
>r  deelrovad  by  tha  *hlp-owner  at  any  time  before  da- 
llvery  without  any  companaatlon  to  tha  ahlppen  orcon- 
•Igneea,  whathar  *uch  ikippera  *Hall  ba  princlnab  or 
agent*  only,  betldea  Incurring  the  penalty  provided  by 
Act  of  Coagrtaa  of  list.  The  owiwn  or  agenn  of  tha 
line  lo  have  a  lien  on  theta  food*,  not  only  for  the 
freight  and  chargea  herein,  but  for  all  prcvioualy  uniat- 
iafied  nrelghl*  aiid  chain*  due  to  them  by  the  conalgnee. 
It  I*  alao  atlpulaled  that  in  caaa  tha  whole  or  any  part 
of  Iha  good*  (padiad  herein  ba  praveniad  by  any 
cauM  firoai  going  In  *ald  *hlp,  the  ihlpK>wnar  i*  only 
bound  to  forwardthan  by  lucoeadliw ihlpa  of  ihii  line. 
The  (hip-ownar  It  not  laeponalble  for  any  ditcrepancy 
between  tha  contenu  of  tha  paekagat  and  iha  deecrlp- 
donof  thataaMintkitbinonadlng. 

Freight  payable  In upon  iha  groic  weight  deliv- 
ered. In  acceptiac  thit  bill  of  ladli«  tha  ihlppef*  or 
other  aganit  of  tha  owner*  of  tba  property  canicd,  ex- 
pre**ly  accept  and  agraa  to  all  Ita  stipuUllon*,  excep- 
lione.  and  eoodltlona,  whether  written  or  printed.  The 
■ercbandlaa  lo  ba  raeaived  and  dalivared  according  to 
!he  cuatona  and  uaaget  of  the  laepacllva  porta. 

Pared*  for  diieraiil  conalgnaei,  collected  and  made 
up  in  ilngta  pavkagea,  addretaad  to  one  party  for  dellv- 
57J?  — :.'*'  '"•  P»"P"~  «'  evading  the  payment  of 
Firigbl,  will,  upon  examination  In  -.—  by  tha  cuttom*, 
be  chaigad  with  tha  proper  fralgbt.  Parcel  eamplct 
hare  beat  atlealion,  but  no  llabltilylt  taken  for  delivery. 

MMVlMri  ■■«•!••. 

Shlppor'a  marh : . 

Toaa.    Cwt.    Qia.    Ua. 

FrclilMoa ^,ci  —  |llaa.« 

Freight  oa— II.  —  In.  at  —  |l  ton 

Primata, flcant 


Chargo  to-— ,< 
5  par  oaai. 

Datadat  — 


Tottf.f 

—  < 
A.  A. 


Sig. 


Sif. 


day  of - 

I  For  Ooaaral  Afaata. 


-,A,D. 


1 


Plaea  — ,  Data  — -« 

Par  ataamar  — . 

Received  In  apparent  good  ordar  by ,  of . 

tba  following  paekagaa,  to  ba  forwarded  aubjact 
to  tha  condltiona  In  Oia  Mlla  of  lading. 

Condition*  ;  'I  hit  It  to  be  exchanged  for  the  uaual  bil  < 
of  ladlnii  of  the  line,  notice  of  the  terma  of  which  11 
hereby  admitted ;  and  ihia  property  la  received  tuUect 
to  all  the  pn>vltiun*  therein  conulned. 

Pull  name  of  conaignaa  muat  ba  given  on  thia 
racalpl. 

Marked :  | 

LIna. 

Par  ataamar , 

_      .     .    .  Waea ,  Data . 

Raealvad  of  {c«niifn»r  tr  tkip^r't  nnmt. ) 
Pull  nama  of  conaignaa  muat  ba  givan  on  thla 
duplicata. 

Marhad  1 


R.  C,  RtttMng  Cltrk. 


R.  C,  KtttMng  Cltrk. 

na. 

thippara  ara  raquaatad  to  All  up  tha  racalpl  and 
duplicata. 

Coura*  of  Buaineaa  and  Uaagea  of 
Trade.  Those  who  employ  railway  com- 
paniet  are  bound  to  know  their  manner  of 
RanMCting  their  buiiness,!  for  the  uaagea  of 
any  particular  trade,  luch  at  arc  uniform  and 
general,  are  presumed  to  be  familiar  lo  all 
having  tranaactiona  in  that  trade  or  buiineaa. 
Contracta  for  trantportation  contain  by  impli- 
cation known  utAgea  of  the  busineM.^ 

Damafca  and  other  Incidenta.  Dam- 
ages for  total  loss  are  the  value  of  the  goods  at 
the  place  of  destination.'  If  the  gooda  are 
only  damaged  the  owner  is  bound  to  receive 
them  and  the  amount  of  damage,*  Upon 
evidence  of  a  aervant'a  unfaithfulness  or  negli- 
gence, some  explanation  must  be  given,  or  the 
company  will  be  held  liable.*  A  company  ia 
liable  for  special  damages  where  they  act  in  bad 
faith,*  but  ordinarily  ihey  are  not  liable  for 
special  damage.*  The  consigitor  owning  the 
goiyl*  U  the  proper  party  to  sue.*  Actions  may 
be  brought  in  the  name  of  bailees,  or  agents 
who  have  the  rightful  custody  of  the  goods, 
and  who  make  the  bailment  (but  a  recovery  in 
such  cases  bars  the  claim  of  the  general 
owner),'  or  in  the  name  of  the  owner.*    where 

I.  tll.  la;  tl 
1-4  Vharl. 

U.  An. 
43;  13  Ind.  i( 


Ca 


J-aj  Wend.  ««o:  S.  C.  6  IjiU.  157;  03  Vl.  tii,  i> ;  ti 
k-io  Texas,  344 ;  ti8  Ca.  543.    " 


5a«. 

ao  Ga.  laa , 

Bocworth,  7.  , 

Ad.9»:  laS.  ftK 
Ga.  Ail      " 
Mich.  489 


to4j  13  B.  Mon.  139,  a43  j  16  III.  40* :  n  U.  An.  3x4; 

■•' ■  -  ""—   «3 :  13  Ind.  i«ii  j 

Dam.  3sfi:  a  B.  ft 


Healf^U^  'i  HlTton,' 

4  Allen,  lie;  Scdgw. „_,  .  „. 

_ J.  ft  K.  183 :  I  Car  loS ;  10  Cuah.  416 ;  14 
3  Gray,  564;  j  Boaw.  6*3;  34  Me.  376;  14 
la  La.  An.  ■■ 


.  , . „. ;  L.  Rep.  

2  Rich.  46*;  a  Kcrnan,  joo;  3$  N.  H.  390;  iiliid.  3631 
Gray,  aij;  at  Wend.  jpi.    st-a  Bing.  (N.  C.)  aaa ;  14 
in.  *79;  I  Flprida,  403;  Newb.  Adm.  504 ;  Story  Bailm 
IS*9«;  loCuth.  177;  I  H.  ft  N.408;  S    "     -  - 
L.  ft  Eq,  335:  L.  Itep.  I  C." 
S-)  3*> ;   14  La-  An.  4*9 ;  40 
Iradatl,  lO.    tp-ii  Exch.  74a 

H.  joo;  L.  Rep.  3  PC.  «»■  .,-..  ^-«.  .„i  »  v 
B.  4«3i  Id.  49'L3  B.  ft  Aia:  07*;  37  Pann.  St.  170;  i 
Tohna.  ais;  i  Cranch.  317;  8  Mow.  (U.  S.)  4*9;  la 
*54;  3  B.  ftp.  «8»;  3  Taunt.  4*3;  4  Blackf. 


.  _,  C.  38  Eng. 
S.  C.  la  Jfur.  (N. 
ii**.  39;    38  111.  ai9;  * 
pio  C.  B.  7a«:  35  H. 


<enn.  St 


% 


11  Cush.  isj:*t  Q. 
St.  170;  I 

.....a..  >3,,  3  a.  m.  r.  jw;  j   launi.  4*3;  4  Blackf. 
•■  ^.''•.{.''••j  «74 :  3  H.  ft  N.  I ;  15  Johna.  30:  6  HIU, 

ii-aas;  salU.  ii6i 


ai Vira<8;  nlS^'.M:  s7c.'aUmti^,i3.'  m^if  R 
337;  *3  Vt.a68j  "'•' —  •'■  -—  ' 


■Miiiiaiiitiia.i 


j^-i  i 


'  i 


fM 


BAILMENTII. 


t  gtnarsl  proMrty  it  in  (h«  comIvdm,   ha 
ibould   *u«.*     If  «  Mnritr   d«vl<at   iroRi   lh« 
rtfMlwr  roal«,  Mid  Iha  gooda  m«  tott,  It  !■  • 
,conver»ion.* 

ml*  of,  tie.    To  •>ciim  •  common 

carrier  for  dain4ge  and  loaa  of  good*  during  th« 
carriage,  ihe  force  roust  tie  alwvc  liuman  con- 
trol, or  that  of  |Hiblic  enemica,'  hance  carrier* 
are  held  ax  iniurera  againa  fire,  unlcsa  caused 
by  lightning.*  If  a  carrier  expose  himself  to 
perils,  he  must  bear  the  loaa,  but  not  of  <lelay 
from  unknown  peril«.»  Ha  it  liable  for  actual 
damage  reaulilng  from  negligence  and  delay 
caused  t>y  his  fault  -J  but  only  obvioua  actual 
damage  can  be  recovered. 

Dcmurrag*.  Demurrage  is  a  claim  byway 
of  compensation  for  the  detention  of  nr«>p«rty 
which  is  subkcquently  restored.*  An  allowance 
ipade  to  the  owner  of  a  vessel  for  delay  or  de- 
tention in  port  beyond  the  appointed  time  of 
departure.  This  expense  ia  paid  bv  the  mer- 
chant who  cause*  the  detention.  StrictlY  speak- 
ing, it  is  only  due  when  expressly  stipulated  for 
In  Ihe  contract  for  afTreigntment.*  A  railway 
haa  no  lien  for  Ihe  compenaation  impliedly  due 
them,  for  the  detention  of  their  can  an  unrea^ 
sonable  time,  in  discharging  a  cargo,  the  cars 
remaining  during  the  tLaw  in  a  public  highway.* 
rkUii««l»li<*  ^•mmfimmm  awl  Utf-ttrng 


As  apnrovwi  by  Um  PhllaMitliw  Manlima  Kschanc*, 
on  iIm  «(h  of  JwM.  ■•■■.  aMi  In  ih«  abMac*  of  any 
•iMdal  aarssaiiwt  to  iho  uNWrary,  to  b«  uad«nlooii  ■• 
ifcrnaAar  aovsnilRf  sU  gram  and  PMrsUam  chaitin 
nsda  on  AilatMpKia  accaual  or  fcr  ««»Mii  lo  IsmI  at 
MilladsMua,  Is : 
roa  Vattaui  Loaoimo  OaAiw,  FaraoLavM.  ea 
OanaaAi.  Caaooas  to  KuaoraAw  Pwsta^ 


It 


"  Sim  2  si  :: 


Miia 


•  IfMIS 


j1» 


DaMuaaASB  scalb. 

TIM  tswmisai  ua  H*  f  «*■«  •*>• 

IM  »wMlt  •k>n  h*  H  li>i.a»i,  n*  ' 

rSSr  >MHl*  •fn*  ••••««  ttaan,  M 

ncMs  aw  tM.   Fit  »imh  •««  m 

losC ssdi I—  affliMil.  rmom- 

'^tCm'tS'lu^tS*  SIMMS 
MM.MldacWCM"' tWi%  «Kh  S 

thaiissl      im  iMMst*  —i0f» 
MM,  JrTiw  ij»  *>itf»*fblf!^.> 

MH  pW  ion  PW  4Kn  *■■  jB^WBBWi 

CAsa  caaeoaa. 

it  hsmfSl  KSl*  I  smI  ukiM 
SI  •¥•  (•  *s btmL «««  » 

&MM  suIm  M  ««WlMj{M| 
focV«**l«  UaatM^olsii 

•M*  t»  ^psCSbSUtitr  wtay  tfsrs' 
CsMNasiy^ 


yorslws«rcbart»i»dsaMiwgsaadlay<aytaiesub» 
jaat  to  spadal  agrsomsBt.* 

<.i3Barb.».  aHieaa.Ciri  vAllaa.jM-  ▼■*J<>i>*: 
son.  iCo ;  i  Sasiili's  Leading  Casts,  ti9,  ad.  itir :  sW 
sd.  iSjs,  and  aola  of  Aai.  adhor;  si  wend.  ifBi  S 
ftiak.  im;  iWihoB,  tti;  42ab.  iw;  i  llurpk.  173 ; 
t  L.  C.  Mt.and  aote;    as' Mm     ••  -     — 


Duty  in  gananil,  etc.  It  ta  a  wellsettlnl 
print  t)ile  of  ihc  law  that  common  carriers,  Ixiih 
of  go-xla  and  paasc>ngvr*,are  bound  to  carry  li>r 
all  p<  -^ons  ihat  apply,  unleia  they  have  a  rcatnn 
able  eicuse  fur  ttiit  rrfusal  so  tu  do.*  Railway 
com|Mniea,  and  others  who  oai  r  goods,  in  any 
m<Hle,  for  all  who  sp^ly,  are  cr<nman  carrier*  • 
Railways  are  made  liable  as  common  carrirri 
of  passengers'  banage  and  of  freight,'  and  ibeir 
rexiMMiHibTlily  resuUs,  not  from  anv  contract,  Imt 
from  the  nature  of  the  office  andbusinesa;  and 
action  may  lie  in  tort  or  conlracl.t 

Kl  common  Uw.     A  carrier  is  bour.d 

to  /oilow  instructions  given  by  the  owner  or  hit 
agent,  unleta  that  becomca  ruaMXiably  imprac- 
ticable,  whether  given  at  the  tiase  or  before 
daiivery.* 

Expreaa  carriers  who  undertake  to  sell  com. 
moditiea  Intmated  to  them  are  common  carricn 
of  the  monay  received.'  Usage  to  collect  and 
return  price  will  bind  cnrriersJ 

Railway  companies,  steamboats,  and  other 
carriers,  who  allow  express  companies  to  carry 
parcels  and  packagea  on  their  ears  or  boats,  or 
other  vehicles,  are  liable  as  common  carriers  to 
the  owners  of  the  good«  for  all  loaa  or  damage 
which  occurs,  without  regard  to  the  contract 
between  them  and  such  express  carrier.* 

by  courM  of  buttaMM.    The  buti 

neaa  of  common  carriers  is  not  one  iaaposed 
upon  any  particular  person,  natural  or  artificial, 
and  any  one  may  undertake  it  at  will,  and  mny 
enter  upon  so  much  of  the  entire  business  as  he 
chooaas,  and  will  be  bound  to  the  extent  of  their 
usage,  and  course  of  business ;'  but  this  ques- 
tion arises  only  when  tk:y  refute  to  carry." 
They  are  bound  to  serve  all  who  apply;  for  it 
ia  the  general  duty  of  all  who  undertake  to 
aerve  the  public  in  any  particular  huainaM  lo 
tcrve  all  who  come.* 

A  carrier  cannot  transship  frtigfct,  except  in 
chaaa  of  ttri^  nacetaity.* 

It  is  competent  lo  prove  whether  goods  usually 
arrive  in  a  aafe  or  damaged  condition  ata  ground 
oif  pretumption  of  negligancc,  or  the  contrary .» 

An  owner  of  good*  consigned  by  railway  is 
bound  to  take  notice  of  Ihe  course  of  the  busi- 
nata,  and  call  Cor  them  at  the  ordinary  time  of 
arHval,  and  retdove  them,  or  the  carrier  ia  only 
responsible  for  ordinary  negligence.* 

IT).  w-t6  VI.  SM :  |o  Psna.  St.  14* ;  •Datr,  tysj  is 
Wis.  ISO.  m^  Whosloa.  3«i.  m-i?  Batb.  it4.  %-io 
Bcswoctn,  n.  •- Yaung's  Ship-owiisr  and  MaaMr'*  Man- 


ual, i*;«.  ^-AC.  B.  m:  S«aryBaUai.|Mi,  tSiuan 
"  ~    '       0;  J  Brod.  ft  B.  M, 
153:  •  M.  ft  W.^i 
1:  10  Wood  $3*}  11  Id.aiii  Story 
InCarriafi,^^  ti«v9i«i  ' 
Mi  Id.  lie:  jdILT.  sisi  in.  A 


, --,_     -   .... ,-     ■•IS9U* 

ni,  tt4 :  il  Barb,  yn;  3  Brod.  ft  B.  34,  S.  C.  «  Met, 

tot.    •-yMaa.ftCTisjilM.ft 

IdTiM:  «Whart.SM:  19  Wood  $ 


•-7  Man.  ft  ^153 :  •  M.  ft  W.  4*1 :  Id.  74* i  >• 
.».,..<:•  Whart-JM:  10 Wood  $Mi  iild.CiiiSl 
Ballai.lsao:    AaasO                                     '"      ~ 
W«nd.  j«7;  t7  Vl,  nu;  Id.  lie:  jo . 

6a:  s  JSuainsr,  tti :  13  Wand.  6i< ;  ss  Id.  Mt:  ts  lag. 
L.ftEa,sl7:  S.C.  14C.  a.«ss.  ir4Ad.ftU.9fr): 
I  P.  ftD.  4-  il-7  Moore,  tts;^.  C.  t  Ring.  34.  I-4 
107 !  a  Conn.  380;  1  Bailey,  sS3i 
"■  1..^:  I  B<>a«r.  $»3- 
I  V  u.  ■««,•.  >...  J-s«V.  iMi  SHOW, 
k  ft 8.  M:  IS  C.  B..^..8.>«la. .M^ 


Watts.  44}.-  "  J<*«»; ' 

4GraBl,407.    /-»int3 

U-6  How.  344 :  «  B.  M< 


"  '^V"^.  60*6     -   isllod.      -C  B.    ' 
■•mMMLJib.'    ••WM.faa^    y4d!it  >w. (M. V^ 


Each.' 


'.  C. «  Rly.  Csa.  «i  i  e  Wend.  33$ 
-ii.Uixt.Uo4,- 


.  tStoty, 
C.  B..US. 


935-    ^hJ«»«-«"!  TAMtmJii. 


t.T., 

III.    IM 

Daa.  1 
Csl.  M 


^^- 


•tc.  tl  U  >  wtll-Mnle<l 
lat  common  cMiiart.  huih 
i;r«,ar«  hound  to  carry  lor 
unlcM  they  h«T«  •  rMton- 
futttl  M>  It)  du.*  Railway 
1  who  Ml  r  good*,  in  any 
jly,  arc  o-.nmon  carrief  • 
iaiile  aa  rommon  carrirrt 
c  and  of  freight,'  and  their 
not  from  any  contract,  l>ut 
•  olRc*  and  liualnMa ;  aii<1 
or  cfmtracl.* 

law.     A  carrier  U  bour.<l 
givtn  by  the  owner  or  hli 
cornea  rwaMmably  ini|H«( 
in  at  the  tine  or  before 

ho  nndertake  to  tell  com 
them  are  common  canier« 
id.'    UMge  to  collect  and 
I  cKrrieraJ 

et,  tteamboet*.  and  other 
iKprcM  companie*  to  carry 
)  on  their  car*  or  boati,  or 
ible  ••  common  carriers  to 
lod*  for  all  Iom  or  damage 
ut  regard  to  the  contract 
ich  txyttt**  carrier.^ 
of  buaiiMM,  The  butt- 
rieni  i*  not  one  iupoaed 
lerton,  natural  or  artificial, 
derlake  it  at  will,  and  mny 
>f  the  entire  butineaa  m  he 
MHind  to  the  extent  of  their 
f  btttinca* ;'  but  thi*  que«- 
en  tl.jy  reftiie  to  carry." 
lerve  all  who  apply ;  for  it 
of  all  who  uiidertakc  to 
any  particular  hMinan  to 
I 

tranuhip  freighl,  except  in 
ity.» 

irove  whether  gooda  oaually 
aaged  condition  aaa  ground 
egtigencc,  or  the  contrary.' 
It  coniigned  by  railway  in 
I  of  the  courae  of  the  b«»i- 
em  at  the  ordinary  time  of 
(hem,  or  the  carrier  is  only 
lary  negligence.* 

PmiB.  S<  t4* :  *  Omt,  ays j  is 
a.  }fa.  ••■7  Barb.  it^.  %-io 
1  Snip-ovnar  and  MaiHr'*  Man- 
1} ;  Story  BaUai.  |  gaij  ■  Sunn 

13:  IM.  liW.  4« 


_  J  Wee. 

13;  m  m.  m  "  •  ^'  -.  U.  HfS  » 

u  Wmd  SMj  'J  M.*n  i  Story 

7Cafri««,^7<U  f  U.srt;  • 

Id.  lie;  }i>X.T.*ISi  (B.ft 

n.Q.  rtfl.Y.  }is.    »iM«i 


Wend,  tin  ;  as  M.  «»;  n  tnt 
C.  B.«U:    ■4Ad.ftir. 
<n,  rtaj  IJ.  C.  I 


3 ;  D.  .-.  ■  Bing.  34.  f-4 
loy;  ■  Conn.  389:  iBfUI«y,U3: 
3»i  sWatu.  <g:  i  BaiMy.  SS3- 
Ion.  ut.  l-«xV.  iWi  CHinr. 
W:  IS  C.  B.  fti.  B.im.  m-i 
Cta.<(j  <W«id.33SL  •8*<>nr. 

da!  Us*  v^iTii  >w.  9irlv 


BAILMBNTS. 


Freight   of    dangerona    quality.      The 

owner  muii  Inform  the  carrier  of  tha  character 
of  the  gmidt,  whenever  it  it  tawnilal  to  he 
known,  either  on  account  of  carryinv  the  riar 
iicular  g(KNh  .afely.  ,„  „t  carrying  them  in  luch 
«  manner  that  other  Kmxla  may  not  be  damaged 
l.y  coming  (n  conta.  t  with  them  j  and  for  any 
.lefaull  In  Ihit  particular  the  owner  1.  rcnontl 
Wr.  not  onl«  to  the  extent  of  any  damage  oc 
lurring  to  the  go.«lt,  hut  even  beyon.l  ihat.4 

—7  W'very,  time  of.  A  carrier  it  not 
fciund.  unlet,  he  •ti|Hilale  abaolutely  to  deliver 
f  kkI*  bv  a  pMlicular  lime,  to  do  more  than  to 
deliver  in  a  reaaonahle  time,  under  all  the  c(r- 
run^tancet  attending  the  Iran.portaiion.'     Bui 

"»««"'"  contract  .pedolly  to  deliver  In  a 
l>re»crit>ed  lime,  he  mu»t  perform  hli  .oniraci. 
or  lufler  the  damage*  .iiiitalned  l.y  hi*  failure.* 
lie  la  liable  a|ion  general  principle*,  where  the 

the  eateni  of  their  value  at  the  place.  In  the 
•bMince  of  a  special  contract  the  carrier  ii 
bound  to  deliver  the  goodt  at  their  deMination  ( 
or.  at  the  end  of  hit  route,  to  the  next  carrier, 
in  a  reatonable  lime  according  to  h)t  utnal 
court,  of  bu»ine*a.'or  according  to  contract.* 
A  delay  canted  by  an  unutual  pre**  of  butinea 
will  not  make  the  carrier  liatle.' nor  the  loat 
of  a  bridge  ftom  an  unutual  frethet."    A  carrier 

the  «w«  line,  the  one  it  not  lliahle  for  delay 
eauted  ^  the  negligence  of  the  other.r  ' 

-K-~'.k"JL "''''•  "P*"  K^«'*'  Principlet 
where  the  gooda  are  not  delivered  through  hi. 

de«ault,to  the  extent  of  their  value  at  th^^  place 
of  their  dMtination ;  and  thit  includct  the 
|.ro«ia  of  the  adventurt.*  If  the  goodt  are 
only  damaged  or  not  delivered  in  iSjne,  the 
Z'^\  '•j'*""*'  to  receive  th«n.  He  will  b^  en- 
tilled  to  damaget,  but  cannot  repudiate  the  goodt 
tnd  recover  from  the  carrier  aa  for  a  total  "oat  • 
In  Ml  action  againtt  a  carrier  for  damage 
done  to  goodt  carried,  it  it  enough  to  prove  the 
Rood  <wndition  of  articlea  when  put  into  hh 
P«««tJoo  and  their  deteriorated  tute  when  re- 
ceived  from  him.    Any  damage  retulting  from 

■"":.'£!  ?•) ••••    »*lory  Ballai.  i4<  a  ■    «  u'iA 
WM  U  a  rMoaabia  timiU  tS  KdicTdid  kv  1 

^n-;j.'Js^a^j^a:A*^L 


m 


I*  N.  Y.  ut. 


hy  lb*  ju»^ 
'  O.' 


dii  •**!!'■•  *'"  ■*•  •"  '•^"  "*•  «»°»"^  o* 

b«i  package.  Internal  decay.   I.aatee 

from  natural  tauN...  a.  fr.«,«  evafH.ratlon,*  or 
•natural  decay  of  |Hi,i.hable  article.,' ihe  carrier 
extrtuing  all  rea«.n«ble  care  l<>  preserve  tbem.» 
ami  from  the  natural  an<l  neceuary  wear  hv  care- 
ful trantponalion,*  In  the  mode  lo  which  the 
carrier  Uatcu.tonied,  or  from  ihe  defective  n»- 
thZJl.  *"••'?"'  package,  in  which  the 
thing,  are  put  I7  the  own<>r  or  con.lgnor,  will 

luZ*',  ""  ?'"f' .  ''■*'•  "'""  '•  ""  '••l'"«- 
•IWe  for  natural  decay  or  leakage.'    So  alto 

except  for  damage.  cau.ed  l.y  delay,  whe're  the' 

owner  .elect,  hi.  own  carri.ge,  and  load.  It  ,i 

but  li.e  carrier  mu.1  do  all  in  hi.  ,K)wer  to  arreat 

damage  to  go«<l.,  though  he  may  not  have  l>een 

In   fault  on  account  of,  or  re.(>on«il>le  for  lit 

occurrence.*    The  owner  mu.t  llear  the  damage 

of  lott  from  dampne«  of  the  hold,  at  onelf 

iL'^tT  "^  "•"'«"!'«"».  'f  "  be  excepted 
from  the  ri.k,  and  i>  no/ault  of  the  carrier.'  A 
bill  of  lading,  .taiing  the  gixxi.  In  good  order, 
ta  only  /,,»,«  /aru  evidence  of  that  fact  anil 
wfert  lo  the  external  appearance  of  packvjfea.' 

in  Ihe  articled 

-—  VT".*";    ^  ""■'"  '•  entllM  to  a 
lien  for  freight  for  goodt  carried ;'  but  if  he 
once  deliver  the  good.  thi.  lien  it  waived  ■ 
Or.  If  the  goo.lt  be  damaged  in  a  manner  for 
which  the  earner  it  liable,  the  owner  may  da. 
duct  the  amount  of  injury  from  Ihe  frefght.a 
But  the  goodt  mutt  be  carried,  and  ready  for 
delivery,  or  the  carrier  hat  no  right  to  detain 
them  ror  freight.*    But  if  '     ,jht  through  be 
paid  to  the  firal  carrier.  lien  d .et  not  ordinarily 
allach.»    A  wrong  doer  cannot  create  a  valid 
lien  againtt  the  real  owner.t    A   pa.iengcr 
carrier  haa  a  lien  uoon  baggage  for  fare.'   Car- 
riert  have  no  lien  for  a  general  balance  of  ac- 
count."    Camer't  lient  may  be  waived  in  Ihe 
tame  manner  a*  other  lient.*    But  if  a  delivery 
be  obtained  by  fraud,  the  good*  will  be  retiored 
by  replevin."    The  latt  carrier  upn  the  route 
may  deuin  Uie  goodt  until  the  whole  freight  la 
paid,'  and  charge*  during  transit  of  warehouse, 
men  and  forwarders. 


49«.*i  6  Waltt.4*4i  37  Mh..  fei;  Aug.  Cairl.i.  H 
.10.  .1.,,,,;  4_K.rn.n,,,o;  3flf,,'.(Kr),,;  6d1;? 
|<IU.  jm:  a..  Id.  6.3, 


373;  Aai.  Rv.  TlB«.  lio,  J  . 
'.^"•I  J4<;  S.  C.  u  P.nn 


■10; 


I  Black.  <N.  S.)  in;  Id.  is<.    «.»  N.  V   .m    .,  G» 

l-i.  How.  (U.  S.)  .7.  £.,t  Id.  ,3, .  „  Id. ,  .  li' 
Raym.  7s«:  «Huaiph.  f.,  (U.  J«.  M.ii  B  Lt.' 
•»..«:  ««  III.  4o«     ■-.J  „.  Mir,3r.4i-  ,«  IB* 

&?*h5Z"" 38. } Id 44«; 6 Whan ;«  ,'iisr 
5w'^ia..^r'i  +'^Z' .'?:*. !!!"  'j'ri  p^* 


!-?*'«■    o 'V  ^^-  ■"♦•■  •  »^»anl*  Can.  130;  a«  lii. 
/>'•  it*."-  ^^•'»s»"  ••  "I  "9S-   n-tm  A^S 


m 


t^ 


I'i!' 


V 


BAILMENTS. 


A  cwrWir  CMin«4  ttll  goods  In  MlUfacllon  tA 
Htm.*  An  ownm  mny  pay  frtta M  Mi<i  iu«  tin 
gno«te  loM.*  A  carriar  w  tmana  to  k*«p  (oaiU 
a  r«Monabl«  llm*,  If  thav  *r«  rafuMfl  by  tba 
contiKtiaa  '  Hia  «.«rr»ar  »  htn  <l«>«i  n«i«  co»af 
Iha  aipanaa  of  keeping  H  Mnltl  «l.a  tUbl  U 
p«ld.  wbaii  U  U  >l«lain»(ra||«init  (ba  wtti  of  (fct 
(UtXor.*  but  li  co»ar»  Iha  iMck  charga*  •  Ilia 
li«n  for  fraighi  in  f»»<ir  ol  iha  laat  cr^npany  la 
iKit  aHaclad  )>y  <UfaaU«  at  iha  Antf  company* 

Carrlan  havr  no  llan  for  goods  carriad  for 
Ika  national  gio-ernman*.' 

If  an  ownc-  k'  c«(n  goods  al  any  intarmadl- 
at*  placa  abort  >  iha  original  daalfnalion,  ha 
will  l>a  liable  to  *y  fraight  /r»  r4/a.«  And 
whan  Iha  carriar  ,  f*  for  tha  loaa  of  gootl«,  ll 
la  aquivAleni  to  iltiivary,  and  ha  is  antitled  to 
daduol  freight.'  If  go<»«l<i  are  unlawfully  da- 
i«inad,th«  eonsignaa  being  ready  to  pay  freight, 
may  mslntain  lro«e-i,  without  formal  lender.' 
A  consignee,  Indorsing  a  bill  of  lading,  wllhoui 
ncoursa.s  or  a  mara  agunt  for  Iha  delleary  ,«' 
goods  for  another,  is  not  parsunally  reiponslL'^t 
Rir  f: eight.*  A«  In  other  easas  of  I'a.a,  » 
wiivar  will  ba  prasumed  by  an  iincondiiion.vl 
delivery  ol  /  yAt  ;•  but  •  deliva*/  of  a  pai*  if 
tha  cargi)  wn  nut  oparmt*  as  a  waiver  of  tha 
lien  upon  the  portion  not  daliverodJ  It  is  • 
question  of  fact  whathar  there  has  been  a  com- 

Ccte  delivery.*  Thera  is  no  lien  foi  a  general 
ilanca;*  snch  a  custom  Is  void."  A  carrier's 
lien  doas  taot  attach  upon  loading  tha  gotxl*  on 
oowti,  or  antil  tha  voyaga  Is  entered  upon,»  or 
#her«  thara  Is  s  ipaciai  cf  ■itr>'S  as  to  paymtnt.* 
freight  may  b*  damandb*'  i,  for*  delivery,*  b»t 
•  only  payabia  acaording  *•>  tha  bill  of  lading.*) 
Where  a  carrier  claiina  mora  kban  is  due,  it 
dUpansas  with  tender  of  tha  aieount  actually 
dne.' 

'     Paxtnant  of.    A  carriar  is  antlilad  to 

damand  his  pay  in  advance  i  bat  if  no  saeh 
oondition  is  insiMed  upon  at  the  time  of  the 
delivery  of  tha  goods,  the  owner  is  not  obliged 
to  tender  the  freight,  nor  in  an  action  Is  It 
neceNary  to  allege  more  than  a  witlingneaa  and 
readiness  to  pay  a  reasonable  compensation  to 
the  carrier.*  A  refwal  to  carry  e«cases  any 
tender  of  compensation.'  Payment  of  freight 
and  fare  will  sometimes  be  presamed.* 

A  carrier  is  not  hotind  to  receive  goods 
which  he  is  not  accustomed  to  carry,  or  when 
his  means  of  conveyance  are  all  employed,  or 
before  he  is  ready  to  depart  j»  or  where  prop- 
eity  is  publicly  exposed  to  the  depredationa 

w-ii  Bsrfc.  41 !  I  Siraags,  syS.    x-«a  Ftm.  St.  fos. 

S.]i  UwTliMs,  If!  STC  t  HuH.  *  Nar.  491.  wPt 
o.  Udi  3il:  S.  C.  •  Jw.  (N.  $,)  |6i.  A-ii  lavM, 
1^:  11  La.  An.  u.  M  Mian,  <•«•:  it  M.  «es:  4  O. 
Ofwne,  }i6 ;  y  Pswi.  81.  tyo.  e-i  MainSk  |M-  ■-• 
Noit  ft  M'C.  I)*,  n-i  Bav,  im.  f-e  Cuah.  ••}.  m-» 
B«ch.  37 i  I  C.  P.  Ms;  I  Taimi.  311 ;  M  waus,  J^t 
M  EMt' }».  k-a  li.  k  W.  Mi:  UMtm.  su:  ■ 
Mack.  loir  J-i  Oale,  1*.  k-M:  H  ■/*  A14.  |«o. 
M-}  SoBM.  SSI !  8.  C.  J  Wat  (M.  C.)  9 


,  4fff:  IS  laws,  i9i{  sy  Ha.  ly.    *-i  lasbanjii 


of  th«  mob,"  or  where  gmMis  are  n>it  *af«  lo  )■« 
carried  '  tiu,  too,  he  may  •siium  hiaiielf  \,y 
•b<iwing  ihal  loM  h*|i|>*nc<l  through  negligmt  r 
of  the  ownei  uf  iha  i|<mmI«  'n  iwcking  or  •Mlur 
wise,  ur  from  Internal  dcret:«,  wilhuMi  his  Uiili  ' 
The  carrier  cannot  refuse  to  carry  a  |Mri.'«l  Ih 
causa  the  owner  refutes  tu  dtsvtuae  the  i»ii 
tents.  There  shtwld  ba  unlformiiy  in  rata  i>l 
charges.*  LioudB  SMy  be  rated  accordinn  t« 
custom,* 

UooiJa  must  he  received,  snd  owrled  in  the 
ortler  in  which  they  are  otferml.* 

Inaurabie  Intereet  in  Ooode.  'The  i«r. 
ri<ir  has  an  intuialile  inl«rr»t  In  lh«  guuda,  iMiih 
in  regard  to  Are  and  marina  dtsisslcrs,  ticrjit 
such  as  rasult  Irum  inevitable  acci<lenl,  «uvh  u 
fire  liy  lightning  and  the  like*  Carrier*  may 
insure  for  their  own  bnnefil,  and  their  Insuialile 
interest  continues  so  long  aa  tha  lialulity  of 
carrier  continues,  even  where  they  employ  other 
carriers.*  A  wareliotisaman  or  wharfinger  miy 
insure  and  recover  tha  full  value  o<  the  guo>li 
"  in  trust."*  Csrriers,  not  responsible  for  Ium 
by  fira.  may  insum  goods  in  their  poasession, 
d«s4:ribing  them  as  "  goods  in  trust  as  earriert," 
and  recover  their  full  value.* 

Reaponsiblllty— Carrter'a,  bacina  when. 
The  liabtliiv  of  the  carrier  begina  when  ihe 
goods  are  liellverad  to  him,  ornls  proper  ser- 
vant, authorised  to  receive  them  for  carriage. 
A  delivery  at  the  usual  place  of  recaivtng 
freight,  or  to  the  employcea  of  the  MNnpany  in 
the  usual  course  of  huniness,  is  suAclent.'  But 
witere  carriers  have  a  warehouse  al  which  they 
receive  go^  for  transportation,  trui  tptodt  sr« 
delivered  there  not  to  be  forwarded  until  some 
event  occur,  the  carriers  are,  in  the  meantime, 
only  responsible  as  depositaries  ;S  and  where 
goods  are  rec<!ive<l,  as  wharfingers,  or  ware- 
hotttera,  or  forwarders,  and  not  at  carriers,  lis- 
bllUy  will  be  incurred  only  for  ordinary  negli- 
gence.* Where  goods  arc  so  marked  as  to  paw 
over  successive  lines  of  railway,  or  other  trans- 
portation having  no  partnership  cosnection  in 
the  businese  of  carrying,  the  suooeasJve  carrien 
are  only  liable  (rem  the  tioM  of  receivini;  ihs 
goods.* 

A  delivery  at  iht  osuiil  place  of  reeeiving 
goods  with  notice  tc  the  inroper  servant  of  the 
coeapnny  is  sulRcient^  for  s  carrier  is  bot^nd  to 
keep  goods  safely  tAn  delivery  to  him  for 
carnage,  as  well  as  to  ccrry  safely  t*  when 
goods  are  delivered  to  be  cam«l,  tha  carrier  it 

la. »«,  s4t.    ■• 
..,,.  v>i  U.  Raysi. 

_.  _-,   ......__  Rlwvs.  asji  Asf. 

QfSa.  EvTT;:  s  WM».  44*  I  H 
Warn  *  S.  >■ :  31  Mains,  sal:  ■■ 

»4|!.esVt.  ti3 


sKsmCaana.  Nl^lWawlnalai  14  i 
I  Psan.  Si.  4I>  i  •  Nnaa'sCeair.  f«; 
io:  I  VsewiB,  leo;  s  tav.  «»:  s  Dot 
jt  tf-i  lasl.  fcsi  as  Wh.  jm.  1 
111:  s  Kant  Coani.  »si  Hodits  9 


ul;  s  Kant  Coai 
Cntr.  I  is|.    w 


•-4l; 


, 3-    B-rfOa.  SSlJjC. 

B.  <K.  8.)  3S4.  8^0  Mo.  49> :  •  J  ta.  A^  ly.  *■«* 
Rub.  JM     ••IS  inb.  fnj  11  M.  mj.  sfj-    *I,P.^ 

«4.^  J  a  ftM».T"C.  S90 :  I  Omy.  .ll.  ••>  WH»  J 
l»s,«s*-  |is»OM».lS4isCafTiiK.«lo:sM.» 
8.  IIS  i  .«  Barb.jls:  Sm.  Carr.  «  is»,  'ST.  M4«a7 

ti  WlfiM,  sli:  an  Cai«.  3Mi  »lnd.  4a»:  »  ■••» 
li  a  Bos.  Ik  p.  4i«i  la  U.  Aa.  n*> 


mt ; 


S  )  lA. 
«fa!l.C 


l  ii 


§d 


M«na 


sasawaaai 


BAILMENTt. 


•%• 


|fMMl«  Ar*  mA  Mf«  Id  !« 
nM|r  •■CUM  himMlf  I7 
•Mtl  Ihri^titfh  ii«gll||riii  r 
Mb  'n  |Mi«iiing  iir  iitlirr 
■fact,  wilhfwl  y*  Uuli  ' 
••  III  carry  •  [Mrvai  Ik 
n  lu  iIImIum  lh«  (iin 

•  ttnifiirmiijr  tn  rM«  i>i 
Im  nimi  McorUing  t«i 

ml,  and  tuwrM  la  lb* 

In  Qootfa.-'Th*  i*t- 
lamt  ill  the  fiXHl*,  Ixiih 
n*rin«  ilUMtrn,  •acr|i( 
>iul>le  •rcUlcni,  such  m 
ti«  liki  *  Carrier*  any 
i«Al,  and  (hair  liwuialilc 
Mig  aa  th«  liabtliiy  of 
rh«ra  lh«y  ampluy  u*hrr 
iman  or  wharfinger  nujr 
full  valua  of  tht  gixMJi 
not  ra*|M>n«lblii  for  Una 
<d»  in  I  hair  poaacwion, 
uda  In  trust  M  ourriara," 
alua,* 

trrltr'n,  b«clnt  whtn. 
irriar   bagina  whan  tha 

him,  or  nla  proper  icr- 
eiva  Ihcia  (or  carria){t. 
Ml  plac«  of  racaivmg 
|fc«a  of  ih«  »Mnp«ny  in 
n«aa,  la  suAclanl.'  Bui 
arahottM  at  which  Ihcy 
tortallon,  *rA  ifoodi  are 

•  forwarded  until  aome 
I  are,  in  tha  mwuilinie, 
poaltariaai*  and  where 
1  wharfingart,  or  ware- 
and  nut  at  carrian,  lis- 
only  for  ordinary  aegli- 
art  ao  markad  a*  to  paia 

railway,  or  otbar  (ram- 
(tnanhip  counactkin  in 
[,  tha  auocaailva  carricn 

I  tioM  of  racaivini;  tht 

•mil  place  of  raotiving 
a  Itw^wr  servant  of  the 
Ibr  a  carrier  Is  bonnd  to 

II  iklWary  to  him  for 
to  mnj  safaljrti  afhan 
ba  carhMi,  iIm  carrier  it 


liahia  thmt  tha  lima  of  dalivery,*  bat  Is  not  i«- 
•(•>n«ilila  on  a  cnniinuou*  Una  iif  iranaponatMi 
rniiil  ihay  racaua  iha  gmMli.'  An  acc«|»iania 
)>r  an  agent  It  •uMiieni  wlihuut  a  fiaymeni  nf 
fmghl."  Il  i*  a  <)we*il<>n  of  fact  wheiher  the 
(<rrlcr  luoh  charge  nf  the  giHid*.*  |i  ia  »u(k- 
(lent  to  charge  Ihe  cun<|Miny  ihal  the  g^joda  ara 
(ml  In  charge  of  their  Mrvanti.* 

If  goodt  ara  ke|i(  back  Im  direction  of  Iha 
own»r,  Iha  compan*  ara  oiiI»  r«tf4MMlbl«  aa 
dr|»Mltari«a  |»  and  If  tha  dafe'ndap,^.  ara  \mh>\ 
•irehouaenien  and  carrlen,  and  receive  gncxU 
with  ln»trM«<i<Mi  lu  forward  Imuiediately,  ihcy 
are  liable  aa  carrian.4  linlructiona  to  forward 
m^y  he  inferred  fnim  the  cnurae  of  bualnau, 
in  iha  aliMnce  nf  tiprea*  priMif ' 

For  Carriaca   b«yon4    Iha  Com- 

pany'a  Roadl.  la  iSa  aliaanca  of  tprclal  con 
tract,  Iha  carrier  n  onl/  liable  for  tha  extent  of 
bu  own  ruuia,  and  for  akfc  atorage  and  delivery 
1.1  tha  neat  carrier.*  he  may  undertake  for 
Ihe  whole  route,*  and  thii>  la  praaumed  whan 
Ihcy  are  connected  In  buaioeaa,*  even  though 
the  connection  la  only  temnoiarv.* 

Cairiers  are  onlv  raipoaiibia  for  safe  carriage 
and  delivery  to  the  ne«t  carriir  according  to 
urillnary  uaage.*  Where  special  direciiona  are 
pivrn  to  a  carrier  they  muat  be  fotttwed,*  And 
It  makea  no  diflerence  lhal  portiona  of  the  roate 
are  by  steamboat  and  other  portiwM  by  land 
where  no  railway  ealaia.r 

Receiving  fre^bt  for  the  entire  rwiU  binds 
the  carrier  to  that  extent,  unless  proof  ba  given 
>o  rebut  that  impiication.i 

Foe  PMcala  tarriad  by  Biftaaa, 

etc.  Carriers  wbri  allow  servants  to  carry  par- 
cel* are  liable  for  Ibeir  loes,»  and  allowing 
pertjulsltas  to  go  to  afaata  will  not  eacasa  a 
citmpany. 

An  owner  of  parcels  carried  bjr  espram  may 
look  to  the  comiMnv.k  aad  mutf  sua  any  of  the 
whseqaent  carrien  in  Ike  Una  of  traaaportalion. 
guilty  of  a  defaall  la  duly,  aitkoagk  his  con- 
tract was  made  with  the  Ant  otrriar,  to  whom 
he  delivered  the  goods.* 

•-a.;  Dm^CCnjm,iii  1  M3tea,  aaj.  'bK  C  1 
;  at  fad 


A  C.Jt  Baa.  L  i  Be.  tm  f  H.  lkN.<^i  1  Jur.fN, 


pMaaai. 

1  ^  -  » 

wHdJaf  Mi  HaMlqri   ^Baaa.  mi  i  (Ray.  fiej  4 
AUaa^iaa:  i>  Id.  a^.  aad  Sasis  «l5i(  4ylia.  i^i  |a 


Eapreaa  rompanlea  are  raapoflMk  ■>  «i»> 
mon  rarrlara,  and  •uih  cmnpattlM  win  (Htnf 
warcela  .»  tiaggaga  from  one  city  to  aaotlMr,  ae 
from  one  <lap)(  lo  tnother,  are  common  car- 
ilart  *  Omnllma  lln  -•  and  railway*  are.  In  the 
full  tan**  <»f  the  term,  common  carrier*  • 

The  tl/Miiall<Hit  l>y  which  *i|)r«M  companies 
may  realrict  their  ra*|Mm>lhlllil««  mu*!  ba  matle 
In  iHch  a  nMHleaai  1.  Prwiumiiilvcly  to  have 
ctime  to  the  knowla<lga  of  the  owner  of  the 
gooda,  or  hi*  agent,  aulhorlrad  lo  act  on  hia 
l«hair'  i.  They  niual  he  of  tuch  a  natu-al 
and  reaaunable  character  that  the  law  can 
racognlte  them  a*  not  lni<m*l»tent  with  go.K| 
policy  and  fiilr  dealing.  An  agent  aulhnrlie<l 
to  procure  goo«U  la  competent  lo  bind  Iha 
owner  by  the  condition^  accepted  bvhlm* 

An  expreaa  coni|iany  I*  bound  for  lafa  ear« 
riage  through  it*  line,  and  for  lafe  delivery  lo 
the  neat  e«|ir«*a  agent,  and  In  many  caie^  for 
»afe  delivery  at  tha  j>olnt  of  deatinallon.o  and 
cannot  he  eituaed  from  thi*  except  by  a  clear 
and  undantanding  nipulati'm  to  (hat  effect  on 
the  part  of  the  cr:in|oyer,  and.  In  a  |Mnicular 
which  la  reatouahle,  and  not  againii  gcMid 
morals  or  good  poilcv,'  and  mutt  deliver  lo  the 
cfwalgnee  at  the  earlleal  moment  after  arrival, 
and  within  the  uaual  budnea*  houra^i  and  in- 
convaniecice  Is  no  escute  for  omitting  per*«mal 
delivery.* 

Whera  anods  are  sent  by  carrier  to  be  paid 
for  on  delivery,  the  consignee  U  entitled  lo  a 
reasonable  time  tc  inapecl  the  gooda  before  he 
accefita  ihem.i 

Notice  bnmght  home  to  the  other  party  will, 
in  general,  control  the  carrier's  reaponslbiliiy, 
except  for  negligence." 

Carrkr'a,   anda   whan.     The   re- 

sponaibilliy  of  a  cstrier  terminates  after  the 
arrival  of  the  goods  cl  their  destination,  and  a 
sufficient  lime  has  elapaed  for  the  owner  to  re- 
ceive then  In  butlnea*  houra.  After  that  the 
canier  may  put  them  in  a  warehouae,  and  la 
only  responsible  for  ordinary  care.*    And  a 

I  **  Mjck.  iif.  laa:  Uila  »ri«cleia  k  aho  bid 


eewa  »  me  ibBowing  eaaaa;  a  HIn,  i«;  ii  V«,  m, 
•4  Id.  4M:  3fi^4,3»tt  *T  V».  ,„,  ,  Ma.  WTi  a  tGA. 


^.  am  II  Maaa,  m    11  W  31;:  .  CTp.lijj  I  W 

W«d-  M« !  a  M  HTi  Asuall  aa  tarritia,  I  mi.  a  4 ) 
j^Slory,  i«.  a  Keal,  d^j  i<  Ma  3a«i  «»  Ma.  a^i; 


i 


ajj I  If  C.>a«.  1,1.    ,  4  it.  U.  4<».    ■i-i  Warl  Va.  ly; 

Wla.  i|ai  4a  larii^i.  ai?,  if  MMi.  art :  j*  Oa.  tli*, 
!!•■    'MV'S'-  <»«sm.Wva,  s,  N.  H.  Ill  4  T.  K 


BAr^MKim. 


ri 


t,,  \  'i 


■frttr^i  fiiya— ibtllty  «oniliia«  miill  mi  mImI 
Atliwrr  ki  ib«  cmMtgii**.  u«  li  hi*  tlwalling  ur 
|rt*c«  .il  lm«in«M,«  i7  Im  <l«tiv«r  •  |«ir«:«l  lo  • 
Wftmg  (wn>Mi,  wtihuut  f«uU  'm  ih«  (wn  <»«  ih* 
awMf,  IM  I*  llcbta  M  f.J»  •  «»m*tm.in  ,»  but 
ihit  rmwl*  ri<  d«li»«ry  Km  no  •)i)>iir«ihin  «u  lh« 
M.ltnary  lm«inm«  <»(  r»ilw«y»  m  «:«Mnm.»n  tar 
rt«r«  o(  iitMMU.  hn  Ihty  •«  mH  lii«.«il  t"  •l«lt»« 
nrilinary  fr»ighf,'or  §!»•  mi»lc«  ^A  «h«if  Mfi**!  » 
In  carriage  bjr  walai  «h«  carrlar  i».  a«  a  gaiMral 
niU,  baumi  u>  k***  •xitlca  lo  lb«  cimtignM  u( 
IIm  arrtval  of  giiodi.'  Nothing  mora  I*  tvar 
rtqiiirad  »*  earrlaw  by  •hlfia  a«<l  »iaaint»»ai» 
than  lamling  goxU  at  iha  wharf,  and  giving 
notka  U>  ihr  cniMlgnaa,  a»<l  kaatiing  iha  gmwU 
Mfa  a  tulicianl  lima  aA«r  i<i  tnabla  th«  panir  id 
lak«  Ihnn  away  i  aflar  Ihal  iha  carrlar  may  (Wl 
Iham  In  warahuuw.and  will  cmly  ba  llabJa  aa  a 
dafRMilary,  for  tirdinary  nagUct*  (^narally 
Iba  cwntignaa  mini  have  a  rraMmabIa  lima  lo 
rtmo*«  ih«  good*.'  A*ar  ihl*  «ha  carrlar  » 
only  liakia  for  ordinw7  naglecl.*  If  Iha  gJKwU 
•rri»t  out  of  lima,  iha  ctmtlgnaa  muM  ha»« 
l(«M  to  ramova  ih«m  aAor  knowladga  of  ihcir 
wrtval.*  So,  aim,  if  tha  company'a  agai.t  mta 
Infomi  Ik*  conal|(n«a.*  Wbcn  tb«  con*ign«« 
■aaumaa  cnnlnil  of  gnoda  iha  carrlar  ia  a«cuMHi  * 
Tha  kaaping  of  guvda  In  warehouaa  at  ln(«rm« 
('.lata  poinu  la  no<  fer  tha  amvanlance  of  iha 
carrier,  »mt  the  owner  of  iha  jfoo«fa.»  If  tha 
Mil  cwriar  haa  a  place  of  receiving  good*,  ra 
ipnnalMlity  ceaaaa  upon  delivery  there*  Ware- 
hu«i»emei<,  who  are  alto  carrier*,  are  generally 
held    -npontible  on  recci(H  of  good*.* 

C  <odt  addrcaaad  by  a  carrier  to  hw  own 
iut^.11  doaa  not  lermlnale  Iha  CMrriar'a  reapooal 
bUity  upon  delivery  lo  him.* 

Wbara  gooda  have  b«en  tendered  to  the  con 
lignca  and  r«ruted  by  him,  there  i*  no  rule  of 
law  Ihal  Iha  carrier  i*  bound  to  give  notice  to 
tba  eontignor  t  he  ia  onl*  bound  to  do  what  i* 
rvaaunable  ;*  he  It  bound  to  keep  thnm  aa  ear- 
riar,  until  the  own«r  or  cooaignee,  by  the  uaa 
of  diligence,  haa  time  to  remove  them  t  when 
hl»  duty  aa  carrier  ceaaaa,*  he  may  put  the  gixjda 
in  hit  own  or  another  warehouM.*  Where  ih« 
eanriar  bf  water  caniMt  find  tha  ctmalgnee,  he 
may  aiontralc  himaalf,  by  delivery  to  a  taapon 


-  ..  ..   di ,  I  Taunt.  4>J. 
t  Knn.fct;  •  Mntd.  4H.    •- 


r-RaW.  *>  I  ijo.    ••4  1 

C.  •  J.  B.  Mo<M«,  !■»!  t  K«».,  w,  , 

CPaan.  S»  «4».  ■-«»  M«».  47*  ;  4  T.  * 
«*.  MJ  T-«  Mkh.  jjl;  t4  Oa.  tn 
iiCualK.  TO.  itltl,  joa:  Id.  s*i:  a  Pa 
Barb.  .)o«.    W-iOray,»nr.    m-ii  M 


--;  r*! 

■•Id.  )4t:  14U  Aa.4iJ 
R   111.  ITmuM. 


Imd.  4H. 

]••:  «J« 


Uiw 


—i 


9»: 
I  Gray, 


If      W* 

kieh 


Id. 


4«»: 


•43- 


»4  IlKil.  •«>:  4  Law  J 

Rap.  Ij  I  I  Hilloa,  •*}. 

iij.     t^H.  AH.jn 

Ptan.  Bt.  a4Ti   lo  Mel.  ^jm,    .    . 

U".  MJ^n  J«h-i  Jdi  •  W  *  S.> 


4  Poatar,  jt ; 
'ann.  Si.  ri4;  iJ 

lot.  joa :  6  Id  M« 


, ,  ...  ,...  I<f.  •);  II  Kick 
y-4  T.  R  »ij :  J«  Mo  4TI 
|lr»  C  mni  Day:  C  C 
l»-9  Barb,  J«T-.  ^■'*,''-  ^ 


lit  9. C. 


JlH  „ . 

«T*,   4  T.  R.  sti;  6  I 

rfoaHr.W:  I  Whan.  $05.    *-io  Mat  4T*-'  <  C 
ts:   ja  Pern.  B(.  *4t,  tia ;  loHarb.tfi:    11  V« 

^  br  •<•!  I  M.  »  W.  i»4.  l^jCawii.  4i<  1 


•a 


Y.  ifti   mQ.  B.  }•;:   14 


•ibia  waiahouMman.'    Tha  earrter't  reapnnw 
lilllly  emU  whan  iha  warahoiMaman't  tiran*    > 
ai lathed    in  hoiM    Iha   gmHU  *     All    unlaw  1. 
Miiure,  ur  invalMl  liet.,  m  no  eicuaa  In  lh«  <  . 
riar  for  m.n  delivery  »     In  i-arriaga  by  wn   r, 
iha  ilalivvry  10  lh«  citnaignea  muM  \m  tu;xitf\>,  a 
lo  Ihe  (UMiMfi  tif  irada,  and  ih«  Haagea  <>l  ih 
p<irl,  and  in  regular  buainaM  hi)Ur».'      A  l»M.|«r 
lo  iha  |)arty  aniillad  lo  r»t.-ai*a  Iha  gnmU  will 
aii'ttaraia  iha  carrier,  a*  tuch.  and  h«  will  ih«n 
iMiiy  ba  r««|>>>n*ilila  aa  an  ordinary  bailee,!  \»4 
any  reaaonalila  arrangement  iMKwatn  the  t:arriei| 
and  rcMMignee  aa  to  m<Mi«  uf  delivery  will  b^' 
binding,  and  Ihe  carrier  eionaralad  by  delivery 
in  Iha  moala  thut  dipulatad,*  and  ha  will  lie 
rr<|«m*ilile  for  any  ln|ury  lo  iha  giMMl*  reaulting 
Irom  mit  delivering  In  confarmily  to  the  arrange 
mani  ' 

In  carriage  by  water,  In  general,  there  mtt«t 
he  notice  to  the  consignee,  and  delivery  at  the 
wharf,  or  alae  Iha  giMidt  pat  la  Mfe  condllloa, 
10  remain  anlll  cailevl  for  ■ 

A  carrier  cannot  charge  for  carrying  to  and 
from  Ihe  dcpiH,  unleaa  iha  rudnmer  require* 
•uch  aervlet  lo  be  performed  liy  him.* 

- —    CVerrtrrr  — AWir*    rtttrittimg,     G>m 
mon  carriera  may  m'.alify  th«ir  common  Uw 
reaporwilMliiy  Ity  ipccial  contract,  but  not  to  a* 
to  aacuae  groaa  nagllgenca,* 

So,  aiao,  bv  notice  brought  home  to  the 
knowledge  in  the  owner  01  the  good*,  and 
aiaented  W  by  him,  ike  carrier  mav  qualify  hit 
raaponalbility  ;»  but  aa  a  malter  of  evidence  it 
i(  received  with  caution,  and  the  canler  mua 
thow  the  consignor  ai>|uieaceil  to  ihe  demandt 
of  the  notice  by  making  no  rrnionatrance  i*  hul 
neither  will  eacaae  iha  carrier  for  negligence.' 

Notice  of  one  kind  will  not  earuae  lEa  car. 
rier  from  retponilbilitv  of  another.* 

A  written  notice  will  not  afTcct  one  who  can 
not  read.*  A  carrier  mutt  tee  to  il  thai  hit 
notice  it  made  etfecluat,*  and  ii  mwl  be  ahown 
ihal  knowledge  of  notice  came  to  Iha  eon- 
tignor.' 

A  carrier  cannot  ttlpulate  for  ejiemptlon  from 
liability  for  negligence ;'  tiui  he  may  l>«  allowed 
to  ttipulate  for  eiemptlon  from  reapontlbilily  M 
an  iiiturer." 

Botw  liPul.(N.R.)i«:  roVl.i« 
J  L>  Aa  aas ;  tl  N.  V.  }t.    Jt)  I 

r(^_S.^«; 


tiHow 


,.  ,-,  J  Walt*  »  9. 1*11 
V.jf.    J-ajriow  (U.».)*«.„l- 


lit  C  C  II ;  IS  in  47j:  1  U  A«  J»J; .«' *'• 

(N  S "417    •  U^r r.  (N  8  )  j7«.  8  C.«7u'  (N 


Hall«! 
H 


(U.S.)H 
II :  » in 

jj;  i«IU»b  ja 
)4i7     »  Law,  r.  . 
S.leo*     •i  l^enn  Si  419 .   tjld.  jii; 
Ric'i  (S  C  Jioi      ^sEait  SB7i  t  "•« 
Wi4.«:6H< 


Car- 
I  C. 


•M: 


.   *  Rled. 
harr  * 


'VW'SV"" 


Id  441; 


ji  Id   t4*  ,   • 
*a7.  I M  ft 


N.  Y. 


wimT.iyryv/  »8^«ft5^'•  p«w  *i.  47* 

;  4  warr.  at  j.  "iij;   ^ 

hav*  dItiaMad  froai  ihi*  rata,  or  held  It  with  tiich  qua 


(8 


3  Rat. 


II  B.  Mon  «i :    ij  Vi 

r^     Tha  N  \ 


jhsiiona  aa  In  leave  II  vary  liiila  force,      la  Wiad.  a;  i . 
■  ;  •«  4f 


Id.  JM :  I  M*.  «*J     7  W   «j;   < J  "arb  lU-  "J  W 

"  '  :  7  Uw  k«|  jsa  jr-s;  MaJna,  lei;  4 
«jQ  B.  147.  %^  9«ai*la-.ta*aa  af* 
VI  Camp.  4>S-   loM.  aw.  i/i,  1 

It,    s  Rawki.  ijfi    J  PatnaiA   jae; 
I  i  4  Mm.  lii  ;  I  Camp.  17 ;   ]  Biag. 

VI.  10$,  aadcaaaa  etiad;  }a  Prat  Si 


4M :  II  Oa.  1*4 .  .  ^-     _   .. 

buichar.ila.    •■ijQ  B.  347     ^^  ««••*'•:•*    -, 

a-*SiaiWa,u.    viCamp.  4>S.   «oM.»W.i/i.  1 
oh    N.  P.C.J17,    s  Rawk,  ijfi   J  PatnHJA_.(aei 
Sterr  BaUm  I  s)*  i  4  Mag.  lit ;      " 
>:  lAMleh.  MI    iH.lkll.  liji  -w      — 

RC.  «ei.    er-esVl.  10$,  aadcaaaa  etiad;  J*  Prak  Si 
4>4i  |U.  a^a:  Mil.  I)*. 


1 


■r*Hi)nM«Miii'« 

gmnU*     An    IMlk«Hitl 

M  nu  ••«!<••  In  tiw  «ttf 

In  r«trui(«  ky  wmcr, 

igH««  muat  Fw  iMwrtting 

•ml  ih«  HM^pt  •!  Um 
iin«M  hour*.*     AteRikf 

r*<.'«t*«  iIm  gnntU  will 
a  (Hih,  •n<l  h€  will  (licit 
tn  (Mrttliiaiy  ImiIMi*  Iml 
n«nt  iMHwain  iM  cmiki, 
iid«  ol  il«li*«ry  will  \h' 
r  tliiMMt«l«<l  by  dtllfery 
ulaltil,*  aiwi  ho  will  Iw 
ry  to  lh«  ||immI»  rwulliiiK 
iinfurmiiy  to  lb«  Mr«n||< 

,  In  |«n«riil,  ik«r«  mu4 
nwi,  •nil  ilcllvafy  ai  iht 
•  |rai  In  Mft  conditiun, 

iif •  tot  carrying  (o  tml 

I  tlM  cualiHnar  raquire* 

irmed  liy  him  • 

t$f*    rtttfUltHf.     Com 

ittfy  thctr  consmon  Uw 

1  contract,  but  not  «o  •• 

nca* 

bronght  kum«  to  th« 
ntr  a*  iha  giMxta,  and 
I  eamtr  mav  qualify  hii 
a  matter  ol  cvldtnc*  \A 
n,  and  iha  carrier  niMt 
ItiiMcad  to  iha  demandi 
I  no  rtmoratmnc*  \*  hut 
I  c»rri«r  fur  negliMnct.' 
will  n<H  niruM  th«  car- 
of  another,* 
I  not  affact  on*  who  cm 
niu*t  Mc  to  it  that  hit 
I,*  and  it  niMt  b«  shown 
otic*  cam*  to  Iha  oin- 

ulate  for  exemption  from 
i"  tjui  he  may  Ij«  allowed 
ion  from  mpontibtlity  ■• 


•  -  ^,  1  WattaftS.  mi 

J-«jNa»  (U.8.)a«.  II- 


loVt  j« 
I     " 

Hawh 


C  C    «71„ 


I  Car- 


La.  A*  yni  tiWI*.  J3«:  I 

B.)«jb;  iC 

(N  8)j7«.  8  tf  ftJurCM 


C. 


•J  Id 


J j» ;   ji  Id 
jm:  iBintaor.    ^ 
•■•i  li  Id  44i;    II  N.  Y. 
46s:  I  Paan.  M.  ^n; 


Wl 


ft  J* 
•Mt  ia  B.  Mo«.  «v  M  *! 
Ksa.  •<»  Tka  N  \  courtt 
lia.  or  held  It  wiih  aiich  qiw'i- 
r  lliila  torn.  19  Waad.  a;  4, 
Id  MJ.  >J  '>ar*.  lUJ  •jij 
I,  Ji  Maina.aalj  iFalffl jM, 
'•■  ISa  l^]l  Matna,  aali  4 
,47.    *..  8iarfcla-a^aaa  af^ 

■p.  41};  10  M.  »  W  l<l,  I 
aada,  Xffi  ]  ralr«M  aasi 
|.  ait ;  1  Caam.  a; :  ]  Mm. 
fl.  Ii]i  •  AtariOa,  «N  .  |l. 
«i(ad;  ja  rrjn.  8i 


BAILMKNTI. 


II  ii  MManabli  to  cUliH  •••iHpilon  from  riali 
li  iranapiifting  IVeah  lUh*  Ho,  in  carrying  d<ig« 
4II.I  hoTMa,  iinlaM  a  valiM  i«  dailarad,  >imI  a 
|N«mi«m  abuva  that  value  pauM  f.ir  a  l«n<  ifiil 
•alua  •«  often  atiacKad  lo  ihaM  animal*,  and 
ik«M  iimllatKMia  maai  Im  clatmad  at  the  lime 
,if  ihj  Jellvary  lo  the  larriar,*  ami  the  tniidan 
4  th<iwing  the  raaMinalilanaaa  of  (ha  ••indilifin 
•nn««ad  to  the  cafrier'*  uii'Unaliing  davnUaa 
•ton  Iha  tarrlar  •  flw  eaMiMlMi  of  ««m  risk 
«annol  trover  another.* 

A  carrter  la  alwayi  raafMnailite  for  negll- 
lance.* 

*m  "Coanrrioaa  in  "  llii.t.a  or  t^aiaa,"  ahaaa. 
■'^^*{*  «•  f'O'ilH  Stoppage  im  trmn- 
Hlt^  U  (ha  rijjh(  whuli  r>-«ld««  In  (ha  vender  of 
(o-xU  u{ttjn  cre.lit  lo  rr.  ill  them  U|i.m  diacov 
•iiflB  (ha  InKtlvancy  of  lie  vendee,  iMfore  (he 
(<i.mU  have  raachaii  hini,  or  any  third  parly  hai 
4fi|utrad  ^4tut  ktit  nghu  In  (ham  •  A  carrier 
w  lulilc  if  he  do  not  aurrrndar  the  gootU  lo  one 
lM«iit||  Ihe  right  of  ttop|au{e  m />«Mri/M,' tiiii 
<ii«»  delay  Iham  unUi  (ha(  right  ii  d<i(ermlnad.a 
the  riglit  to  atop  giMxla  m  trmmulu  ia  itothmg 
nor*  (han  the  eMansion  of  the  lien  which  the 
•ander  kaa  on  ail  Mlea,l<ir(h«  price,  until  after 
Jfhvery  (ao  long  aa  the  gooda  are  under  the 
cjnirol  of  (he  carrier,*  »hi(  mM  when  ihey  reach 
Iha  conaignae'a  agaiit  for  another  imriMMc),*  lo 
ihr  vary  point  n(  ihe  goiMls  cumiiig  to  (k«  actual 
(utiody  of  Iha  vendee,  or  hia  ageiilJ 

(.'nrtiera  are  coiii|HlleJ  lo  toFve  the  ((uentlon 
A  the  clainiant'a  right  (upon  admonition  by 
irlr){ra|>h  from  an  unknown  party  milea  dla 
itni),  at  their  peril.' 

<  ••ndicting  claim*  of  Ihi*  kind  may  be  deter 
mincfl  by  replevin,  or  interpleader,'  or  the  car- 
n«r  may  deliver  the  good*  to  the  rightful 
claimant,  and  defend  againat  th4  bailor." 

Common  Cabrikrs  or  f  AisEN(itR>«.  Com- 
mon carrier*  of  (laaacngeri  are  bound  to  carry 
•II  who  offer.*  They  ar«t  leaponaitile  for  the 
uimoat  rare  and  watchfulnvM,*  and  ihia  extend* 
'!'  •'*'yj'>'"B  connected  with  the  traiinporu- 
licin.a  Thcv  ar«  not  responaible  a*  insurer*  of 
Ihe  lafcty  01  their  paiaengcn  aa  common  ear- 

■  -•W   R   «5i.    8   C  jM.fcC  j«     jraBAS. 

It.  S.C.iJut.  (N.S)m4.  b-vUw.T.  (N.HlM 
i»  r.  Coal  1.^1  I  Jiw.  OR.  8.)  ii .  1  L.  W  *  8  ii>  : 
*  il  iJ"'-  tM-  9  )  ".M-    •^  Jur.  (N.  8.)  014:  S.  C 


Kan.  J  K«i 

■aid  to  be 

IfMe.  Tay 

Coan.  MoMrmr,'  i  Ha  x;  Katk.MT,  8.  t\  « 
"  :  8.  C  a  T.  If.  «j :  ,  oaiUh  L.  Cwaa,  jU  aad 
■  "T'T* '*>•  *>»>•  I**.  Kxf  *  -^m.,  on  the  niljact 


ij  jr.  Com  I-^f . 

^i.  i$f.S.'(V.8,)#h,'i   . 

la  aattf  10  be  "  AT/nnafAa"  wMla' oa  lla 
••y  (o  Iha  oanslgaae,  Tayler't  L  Oloaa,  p  aoi.     m^ 

K«'il  Coaiai. ■—...--.    .    '        _  ..   - 

K»i 

»ill  ba  found     Baa  ■•  PIcli. 

t»t  ^1 ;  4  T  ».  ajp.    ..jC.HTjN.  Sj  149;  Idl 

I-  B  (N,  a.MSs: 
>o«o;  «Di»r.      - 

•4I;  ITaaM.  Ii;    iH.  ftW.  n:  ald.i«i   jT.  R: 
f*\''  "lltlH   ?r.ol,8C. 
*3  Wmil'.  «ii ;  so  Vi.  ije. '  J-^ii  Ptcli.  ^i^   ^. 


hM 


SI :  t  Jur  ( N .  8. )  m.    k-4  Man.  *  Or. 

iBoa.*  9.  in  I  oH. 
io».   lo^.  ft  W.  4ji.   Ill  How.  (U.  8.) 

'3 


•4l ;  •  Taaat.  Ii  -. 
<b\:  4BtB«.  si<: 
*ll  ftC.107,    10 

yi ;  *J  Wand.  611 ;  so  Vi.  ija.  'J ,.^.     _  „ 

Vi  49j  iTaum.TM:  iB.  AAdTato:  8ior»1Sallai.n 

i'-  }*•"•»•  ■.^;««"  ^  «*R  »  P-C.SI9JI: 
«.p.«E«j.44.    l-jBinf.  J99;   10  fd.  a4«:   il  ViT  iM. 


"  if«;.»*»i   •*  W-  fTJ  M  ■** 


9 


sm  • 


.    I  Dnar  » 
4!li.„«-i9Waad.a» 


r<era  ol  gowie  an.     Bm  they  are  hkm«il  to  llM 
'tmty  hlgha«  dogiae  of  cara  and  w.uhfakMM 
In  regard  lo  all  ikalr  a|>pllan(aa  fof  the  nwiij—l 
of   tl'air  biMiMMi  to  (hat,  aa  far  M  Imhbm 
foraaiyh    MM  MWdft  Ih^  safely  of  [Wiiijin, 
ihara  ia  an  unquaationable  right  i.i  damaint  it 
ol  all  who  enter  upon  tne  l>u«ina«4  .>f  |«aH«nger 
•  artiara.*    And  it  wilt  make  no  •litl«reilf:e  if  om 
(MMenger  <lo  not  pay  hi*  fare ;'  so  also  wh«r« 
the  train  i*  hired  for  an  aicuraion,*  or  l«  under 
control  of   .State  ofHceri,*     l>a*Miig«r  tarrie« 
are  not  re*(Mm«lble  hn  aciiilenl*  without  fault  J« 
ihay  omiract  «jnly  for  their  own  acts.'     Thay 
muat  adoiM  every  ptscaullim  In  known   u»e.» 
ll  ia  thair  dul^  10  inform  imaaenger*  of  peril 
ref|utr(ng  cauiirm  lo  e«ia|)e.*     A  |ier«on  jmr- 
chasing  a  ticket  Iwcomea  a  j>a*arngi>r,  and  la 
cniiilad  III  |ir(i(e«.ilim  on  reaching  his  seal  in  (he 
carriages  >      IV^anger  carriais  arc  Uiund  to 
etilude    disorderly   (lersoiM    from    (heir  carrl- 
agr«t<  and  a  company  I*  Ixiund  to  fence  iu 
stations  so  a*  to  hinder  pMsengers  enirring  by 
a  dangerotia  way,*     A  (MAienger  carrier  who 
atlem|its  to  carry  ordinary  .laasengent  and  sol- 
dier* *(  (he  «am«  Ikmc  i»  t««|ionBibta  for  ih« 
canaR<|iieiiv«^.* 

The  (lassenger  muat  Iw  ready  and  willing  to 
pny  inch  fare  aa  I*  re(|uir«rd  by  the  esiaMiahed 
regulation*  of  the  carrier*  in  conformiiy  with 
law.  But  an  actual  lender  of  fare  or  fMiwaga* 
noney  doe*  «ioi  teem  re<|ut*ile  In  order  10 
maintain  an  attion  for  the  ubeolute  refusil  to 
carry,  and  much  lesa  ia  it  neceaaary  in  an  action 
for  any  injury  sustained.*  The  rule  of  law  is 
Ihe  same  in  regard  to  paying  fisre  in  advance 
that  ll  is  aa  to  freight,  except  that  Ihe  usage  in 
the  former  case^ing  to  la"-  e  pay  in  advance ;  1 
|»aaaenger  ia  cap*  'ed  to  have  procur'-l  11 
ticket  Wfore  b«  b».  <  luken  passage ;  an  i.'ic 
law  will  imply  pt  yment  according  ti.  >ucU 
usage*.*  Ca.rier",  of  p«M«nger*  are  bound  to 
carry  for  the  whob  route  for  which  they  slip  i- 
late,  And  according  to  (heir  public  advertis«- 
meni*  and  the  general  usage  and  custom  i)f 
their  busine**.*  But  they  are  not  bound  to 
carry  persona  of  ofTensive  and  disorderly  coAi 

»B  14:  9Prl<a.  4oa.  •*  K»P  »Ji;  17  IU  4««;  « 
Mat.  *74:  •  Camp  79,  1  C  ft  V  ftjJT;  WaW.  Cai  ll! 

jM;  sB  *Ad,  ifa;  4Cl«rla(l*.)J4i;  .  BlSg  ji^j 
11  Oralt,  <97;  i.C,lk  V  114;  ij  P.t"l/  S.)  ijS.  lii. 
loa'  mCunn.sy:  i]td  im;  ij  W«ml.  fin,  6s6i  i 
Mc'aan,  140:  »  Id.  !„■  1  OlO.  lo*;  19  Wand,  a.«;  ti 
Coo«,*45:  isiji,  Aa.  14.  «-•  fap,  jjj  ;  17  III,  4d«. 
r-Ho^  on  Rvs,  to. .  ..  ?  B.  ,H ;  V,  C.'.«  ^i 
L  ftKa.  44j;  SlyJjao!  |sN  Y.  *44;  *  Radf  Ryl, 

« aji.  W.J ;  *«  W  4<7  V  in  9 ;  ij  n:  Y.  44*    m  In 

r*'  •♦.rLi"  H^»i  '•Ind  4«9,4747.«flsrb. 
»"  .•"i'*;,*"*'"  3T'"«««  a-sKsch.  tSj.  h.  C.  s 
Eng.  L,  ft  Eq.  j&>;  tOhlo(N  S  jsto;  so  III  ijt.  %. 
so  Pann  Si.  497.  ■-Sacania,  Dirrv  «T  Comhom  Law. 
Ruca  oa  UAMAoaa.  tie.     «■•«  IU  j7j ;  ,j  |d.  j«  j   xi 

t\l^k^Y>-  'iCi»i<'*,S.),«7.»t;'5L,'¥.'(N. 
».)«&«;  S.  L.  7  H.  A  N.  1017  W-lF.  ftr.  710;  M 
Allan,  jia;  I  Moore  P.  P.  C'.  (N.  S.)jjo:  1  Willste. 
Mj;  salad.  t4;  «  Boaw.  699,  xii  Minn  177.  n 
Conn  t4j,  154;  1  Camp.  167;  Uw  Rca.  3  C  P.  %\t>. 
r-l  Albm,  ts7.  ■-»  Am.  L.  Raf.  (N.S.)i4;  S.  C,  Ji 
h""-  If  .1?    ..r*S.^,<1  *'»•'•.  k-34Conn.j,V 


•-« 


B,  iji ;  Siorv  Bailm.  |  mi ;  %  East,  soj .  a  Kant. 
».  41-3  Pans.  81.451.  •-1  Campb.  167  j 
<oe;  19  Wand,  uaj  I  Ii^.-Lfts;^ 


'..! 


'.<i«i*Tri  iiri  riiii  ;    1  ^mw 


■:]'r 


j.l; 


I.  ( 

■1:1 


tal 


BAILMENTS. 


imct.at tho*e  infected  by  conUgion,  or  otherwiM 
oAeiMive  in  character,  health,  or  haWu,  a»  to  be 
■Mmitable  conpanioni  for  other  paMCEfgert.' 

By-taws  »r  Stahtttt.  It  ii  incident  to  all 
corporatiora  to  enact  by-laws  or  tUtutea  for  the 
control  of  their  officen  and  agents,  ami  to  regu- 
late the  conduct  of  lh<ir  huitiness  (,'enerally. 
In  the  case  of  railways  thin  includes  the  regu- 
iation  of  the  conduct  of  jnwengers  And  others 
who  are  in  any  way  connected  with  them  in 
business ;  but  such  regulationH  must  be  reason- 
able and  not  against  law.i  By-laws  in  viola- 
tion of  common  right  are  void>  By-laws  are 
not  required  to  be  in  any  particular  form,  un- 
leas  required  by  express  provisions  of  the  char- 
ter or  laws  of  the  Sute.'  Railways  may  law- 
fully discriminate  between  fare  paid  in  the  cars 
and  at  the  stations^  They  cannot  refuse  to  be 
rcipontible  for  baggage .»  The  by-laws  or 
itatates  operate  upon  the  members  of  the  cor- 
poration tram  their  promulgation,  and  upon  all 
others  firom  the  time  of  knowledge  of  the 
sane.'  Regulations  for  the  accommodation  of 
paiaenger*,  during  the  passage,  must  yield  to 
the  right  of  othen  to  be  carried;"  this  is  the 
general  practice  in  all  modes  of  transportation 
in  America. 

By-laws  of  a  company  must  he  published." 

At  to  Pastmgtrs.    Passenger  carrier* 

may  establish  reasonable  regulations  in  rejgard 
to  the  conduct  of  passenger*,  and  discriminate 
between  thoee  who  conform  to  their  rules  in 
regard  to  obtaining  tickets,  and  those  who  do 
not— requiring  more  fare  for  the  latter.*  Passen- 
gers nay  be  required  to  go  through  on  the  same 
toain  or  forfeit  the  remainder  of  their  tickets.' 
Where  one  procures  a  railway  ticket  marked 
"good  for  this  trip  only"  with  the  view  to  go 
in  the  next  through  tram,  but  is  unexpectedly 
detained,  he  may  lawfully  claim  to  go  upon  the 
ticket  on  a  subsequent  dav.«    Railway  passen- 
gert,  when  required  by  the  regulations  of  the 
oompany  to  surrender  their  ilckeu  in  exchange 
for  the  condttctof*!  checks,  are  liable  to  be  ex- 
pelled from  the  can  for  a  refusal  to  comply 
with  such  regulation,  or  to  pay  fare  again.'    A 
(saMengcr  is  liable  to  be  expelled  from  the  can 
for  leiusal  to  exhibit  his  ticket  at  the  request 
of  the  conductor  in  compliance  with  the  stand- 
ing regulations  of  the  company.*     Railway 
eonpanies  may  exclude  merchandise  from  their 
puienftr  trains.    A  compmy  it  not  bound  to 
cany  a  person  daily  upon  hit  paying  fare,  when 


ft*  Sumn.  C.  C.  MI ;  •  N.  H.  5«3;  _ 
u  M.Jk  W.  j«:  1  PwTi  Wm».  son  AiK 


tCoam.  mA:  i  Ouv 


r«  Q  B.  3t3 
ri  Wms.  soTi'Aag.  ft  K.J.  lo;  ■ 
uv.  U3 :  S  Midi. 
jj;  S.  e.O  Id.  I 


5ao;  s  Duteher, 


Kb.  le^:  8.  C.  le;-  tfu.  Ldi.  Cm.  4o4 :  8  Jur.  N.  S. 


Ku'.  Ldi 
.TV, 


14;     «    JUT.    , 

6m.  'iM'CoiiB.'3Bi'i  i7V«t«T.3WiJ  Coke.  64; 
^^tw^  tmii.    l-Wafonli  ««i  HodgM,  Mt,  $»3.    J; 
> ;  •}  Vt.  i<9 :  irin.  4<o ;  »  Me.  •» : 


Ki43M.S«;.l 
ek.  ts:S.  C.I 


8  Jur.  -    ^ 
i  s  P. 

L.a7*  T.  H.^TRrwr.  &0Mtfc:  'k-io 
_.  J.  a  Ka(.  L.  It  Bq.  43».  M  Jmim  Uw, 
i  Mich.  jioT  M-it  C.  B.  3«3!  S.  C  11  Ei*. 

_,  ^«S  to   pMMIWftlS  OB  I^IWMS,   K««. 

WW\ •« mS  ao**.    •-«•  Iir 4*>|.  34 N.  H.  •*> ;  "9 

¥tfiJ6:  7  jKt  « (MMt.1 »»:  I.  M  Jt .J  ££435: 

iXw.  L.  ftBa.143:  Rea.R']pt,i*tand  Mrtwis4 


his  trunk  or  trunks  contain  merchandiis, 
money,  and  other  valuable  matter,  known  u 
"exprcM  matter,"  where  its  by-laws  exclu<lc 
merchandise  from  passenger  trains  and  confine 
its  transportation  to  freight  trains.' 

An  officer  in  fact  may  enforce  the  rule*  of 
the  company,"  but  is  liable  for  an  excess  of 
force.*  A  company  cannot  enforce  a  rule 
against  a  passenger  where  they  are  in  fault.' 

At  lo  StatioHt  and  Grounds.    Railway 

companies  may  exclude  persons  without  busi- 
ness," and  regulate  the  conduct  of  other^ 
The  superintendent  may  exclude  from  the 
stations  and  grounds  person:*  who  persist  in 
violating;  reasonable  rrgulations  prescribed  for 
their  conduct,  and  thereby  annoy  pa«seng«n 
and  Interrupt  the  officers  and  servanU  of  the 
company  in  the  discharge  of  their  duty.* 

A  railway  freight  sution  or  freight  ware- 
house is  not  exempt  from  search-warrant;  and 
it  is  not  necessary  that  such  warrant  should  be 
executed  during  the  usual  business  hours,  or 
that  the  officer  should  consult  the  person  who 
has  chatge  of  such  station.' 

Damage— XmU  of—For  Injury  of  Piustn- 
gtri.  The  party  injured  must  recover  all  his 
damages,  present  and  prospective,  in  one  ac- 
tion;* but  these  should  be  obvious  and  not 
merely  conjectural.*  New  trials  are  allowed 
for  excessive  damages*  only  in  extreme  cases.* 
The  plaintiff  may  show  the  value  of  his  time 
loat.*  There  is  no  well-defined  rule  for  esti- 
mating damages,  it  generally  resU  very  much 
in  the  discretion  of  the  jury.*  In  an  action  or 
lost  of  service,  mental  anjiuisli  cannot  be  in- 
cluded.' A  woman  claiming  damages  for  per- 
sonal injury  cannot  prove  the  sUte  of  her 
family  or  death  of  her  husband.s 

The  right  to  damages  is  a  question  of  law; 
the  amount,  one  of  fact.*  Special  <1«>"*S** 
cannot  be  recovered  unless  alleged  and  proved. 
A  plaintiff  who  claims  damages  for  loss  of  time 
and  business,  may  prove  the  nature  of  the  busi- 
nes..  and  probaWe  profiUw* 

Duty  oftOHHttting  Companitt  lo  Patttngen 
and  otktrt.  A  company  is  bound  to  keep  lU 
road  safe  ;*  and  they  cannot  excuse  themselves 
ironi  liabilitiet  for  injury  to  pattengen  carried 
over  any  part  of  their  road  because  it  W-M  ««• 
casioned  by  the  act  of  another  conpaay.' 
Passenger  carrien  are  bound  to  makii  theii 
landing-places  safe."  But  those  who  ride 
upon  freight  trains  by  fcvor,  can  only  require 
t-«  Law  R«K.  364.   a-M  N.  H.  sao;  ■  Dutch.  aB4.   V- 

c"  46  i  2;\»«  ■»•  ^V^IP'  IJ^Jti  \ 
C.  I  Am.  R'y  Cm.  sig i  «  >!•«.  4««-  "d^—'t  •»•  • ' 
M.H^j!  IS  Metflto:  S.C.  •  Aat  »'»€»•.  4«» 
r  sVifirak,  •«}.  B-u  Ad.  at  Ep.  yn :  <•  Vt.  *}* :  te 
tJb.  ifiVio^.  fa. :  «.  La.  aT  »  •*>  ■"*•  ••• = 
loM.  fa.  :  *V-  H. ».   k-i*  BaX.  4gs:  ••  Id.  «M\ 

Wcnd.^s.    ••««  OrattsB, «»/.   t-ut  ta.  Aa. ; 


_ftE4.MA:  sAm 
•atiiott  of  by-b«s 


soZaL 

OMm.a40.    IMi 


mM.>90<    li-i»  N.  Y.  4SS. 


e3  Wend.^S.    ••«•  OiatUB,  <I»T.    f-m  La.  Aa.  JJ :  i* 

Aai.  R'y  "niea.  No.  >■:  <  Am.  L  Rsf.  SSSjrfCrsy, 

4S.  -«»-'i!TC-  •3*v*;  C^J  »?•  J  .fe."i 

.Y.sir.' 


«jttrV8)»ss- NT  iwa«.e>-  h^Jsr-^ 

fr;3o; R^. S>.1  M5j-j»^a-^f«ta.   NOjA 
JOB.    ■i.o  FoileT.  g :  .0  M.  ft  w.  .09 ;  •?  V«;  XP-9 


ITy.  ..?': 
«M.9*3i* 


I B.  Ik  aTioM :  8.  CTji  i  L.  t.  n. 


-^*»« 


mum 


-w 


U  conUin  merchandi.ia, 
iluable  matter,  known  at 
fhere  it*  byl«w»  exclmlc 
luenger  iraini  and  confine 
Veight  trains.' 

may  enforce  the  rules  of 
t  liable  for  an  exceu  nf 
y  cannot  enforce  a  rule 
rhere  they  are  in  fault.' 
IS  and  Ground!.  Railway 
ude  persona  without  buxi- 
!   the   conduct  of   other\ 

may  exclude  from  the 
Is  person!,  who  persist  in 
rcf^lationt  prescribed  for 
thereby  annoy  passengers 
ifficers  and  servanU  of  the 
harge  of  their  duty." 
I  station  or  freight  ware- 
from  search-warrant ;  and 
lat  such  warrant  should  be 
e  usual  busmess  hours,  or 
lid  consult  the  person  who 
station.' 

,/—For  Injury  of  Pautn- 
jured  must  recover  all  hi* 
nd  prospective,  in  one  ac- 
lould  be  obvious  and  not 
*  New  trials  are  allowed 
;es*  only  in  extreme  cases.* 
ihow  the  value  of  his  time 
I  well-defined  rule  for  esti- 

generally  restt  very  much 
the  jury.*  In  an  action  or 
ital  anguisli  cannot  be  in- 
I  claiming  damages  for  per- 
>t  prove  the  state  of  her 
her  husbMtd.* 
mages  is  a  question  of  law ; 
jf  fact.k  Special  damages 
1  unless  alleged  and  proved.' 
ms  damages  for  loss  of  tine 
^ve  the  nature  of  the  busi- 
profits  j> 

ng  Companut  to  Ptuwigtn 
mpany  is  bound  to  keep  iu 
•y  cannot  excuse  themselves 
injury  to  paisengcni  carried 
heir  road  because  it  irji  oc- 
act  of  another  conpaay.' 
I  are  bound  to  malm  their 
e."  But  those  who  ride 
ts  by  lavor,  can  only  i«qnire 

As;   S.  C.  I  Aai.  R'y  Cas.  4>a- 

nkA.  ft  Ep.  jm :  ••  Vt.  ts» ;  s» 

:MU.An.33-   •MwBwtb.ifc: 

f.    k-is  Bari).  4»*:  J9  '<>■  4*> 


MJ.pl.  ».«.aBd  Bo»s.   M Cui^ 

to  irtt V.  ««>»:  •?  Vt.  sn:  •! 

3«;.tJiW.«y;3C.J».M.UM«. 


BAILMENTS. 


Mch  security  as  is  usual  upon  such  trains." 
Ownent  of  ail  property  are  bound  to  keep  it  in 
luch  a  Slate  as  not  to  expose  others  to  injury, 
SI  the  fencing  off  a  hole  or  area  adjoining  a 
hi({hwBy,  and  dangerous  to  passers-by  ;•  and  this 
rule  extends  to  railways,  where  persons  are  right- 
fully on  them  ;•  and  one  who  keeps  open  works 
ii  hound  to  keep  them  safe  for  use.P  Corjxjra- 
lions  are  presumptively  responsible  to  the  same 
e«lent  as  natural  persons  in  the  same  situation. 

'    RtsMlling  from  Iht  S^h  of  Through 

Passenger  Fitkets  in  Iht  form  of  Coutons. 
LSe  general  dutv  of  common  carriers  of^pas- 
wngers  is  not  the  same  m  where  goods  and 
''»K8»g«  are  ticketed  through.'  Through  tick- 
em  in  the  form  ^f  coupons  are  to  be  regarded 
as  distinct  tickets  for  each  road,  sold  by  the 
hnt  company  as  agents  for  the  others,  and  may 
be  used  when  the  holder  elects.'  The  first 
company  are  to  be  regarded  as  agents  for  the 
others.'  If  the  business  of  the  entire  line  is 
consolidated,  it  is  different,"  but  in  general  it 
ii  not  regarded  as  a  cose  of  partnership.*  The 
companies  being  in  different  Slates  and  king- 
doms makes  no  difference.*  The  first  com- 
pany were  held  liable  for  bagrnge  not  checked 
when  demanded.*  So,  also,  for  an  injury  oc- 
curring on  another  line  over  which  they  had  sold 
tickeU.'  A  stage  route  intersected  by  a  ferry 
hired  to  carry  the  coaches  over,  is  responsible 
for  the  safety  of  passengers  on  the  ferry.* 

The  sale  of  through  tickeU  for  an  entire 
route  composed  of  several  successive  com- 
panies of  carriers  having  no  partnership  con- 
nection, does  not  render  each  company  liable 
for  the  injuries  to  paasengen  occurring  on  any 
part  of  the  route.* 

Fret  Pass.  One  who  ride*  upon  a  free  pass 
or  in  the  baggage-car,  is  not  therelw  deprived 
of  bis  remedv  gainst  the  comnany  for  injuries 
received  through  their  want  or  due  care,  pro- 
vided he  wai  at  the  time  a  passenger  and 
without  fault  on  his  own  part. 

Injuries— tVrongful  Expulsiom  from  Cars. 
Where  a  passenger  is  wrongfully  expelled  from 
cars,  the  company  is  not  held  liable  for  exem- 
rjary  damages  unless  they  ratified  the  expul- 
sion,*-  but  upon  principle  the  company  should 
be  liable  for  speciU  damage.  And  in  such 
Mses  they  are  trenaisers  if  they  refuse  to  de- 
liver bagjage.*  The  company  must  keep 
ilrictly  to  the  terms  of  any  by-law  regarding 
the  iMroduction  of  tickets  when  called  for!* 
Conductors  are  bound  to  exclude  diaorderiy  or 
offensive  persons.*  One  wrongfully  expelled 
M  rosiw,  9;  10  M.  ft  W.  109:  t7  Vt.  377J  M 
r.  isr:  sj  lad.  iM:  t  SfM.  »t;  3  C.ji^.  i. 


1*9 


Mich.  jjs.    i-M  Vt.  '4»»T««"Coonr 


„  ^.,  .. S.C.Id.  50., 

D.  Smith,  1S4:  31  N,  V.  Mi.    «- 

S  C.  it  Id.  175 :  4  Snacd,  103.    v-atf 

vt  »     >  JV-  •*  ¥«'•  Wj    *r-»»  Barb.  3s: 

l/ur. (N. S.)  1M3.   m-tiWm.tn.  •^Com.sn; 


*  Ala.  73 


from  the  cars  is  not  entitled  to  sfiecial  damagaa, 
unless  it  occurs  cleariy  without  his  fault.' 
Where  a  ticket  is  lost,  the  person  ii  liable  to 
pay  fare.s  One  wrongfully  put  on  jhorc,  by  a 
r»H»enger  boat,  short  of  his  destination,  may 
show,  to  enhance  damages,  that  it  was  done  in 
an  insulting  manner.* 

Fauil  of  the  Parly  Injured.     Where  a 

passenger  is  injured  on  a  railway,  the  firima 
fane  presumption  is  that  it  resulted  from  the 
want  of  due  care  on  Ihe  part  of  the  company.' 
But,  nevertheless,  it  in  competent  to  prove  that 
the  damage  occurred  without  their  fault.' 

■'''■<"»»    leaping  from    Carriages,    elc. 

Possengeri  ma^  recover  if  they  have  renwnable 
cause  to  leap  from  the  carriage  and  sustain  in- 
jury ^  but  no;  where  their  own  misconduct  ex- 
poses them  to  peril.*  But  where  one  incurs 
peril  by  attempt.ng  ,0  escape  danger,  the  author 
of  the  first  motive  is  liable  for  all  the  necessary 
or  natural  consequences.'  But  one  leaps  froM 
cars  because  the  train  passes  the  station  at  his 
own  risk,"  but  may  recover  compensation  for 
the  inconvenience,  loss  of  time,  and  labor  of 
travelling  back."  If  a  person  being  safely 
seated  is  injured  while  leaving  the  cars,  he  can- 
not  recover  if  he  was  guilty  of  negligence 
which  contributed  to  his  injury."  The  com- 
pany are  bound  to  stop  their  trains  at  all  stations 
where  they  profess  to  leave  passengers  a  suffi- 
cient time  for  them  to  alight.  If  they  do  not, 
and  one  is  injured  in  consequence,  while  at- 
tempting to  leave  the  cars,  the  company  are 
liable.*  No  recovery  can  be  had  when  the 
passenger  leaves  on  the  wrong  side.» 
,  — —  Married  Woman.  In  a  suit  by  the 
husband  for  injury  to  the  wife,  he  may  recover 
the  expenses  of  the  cure.*  But  such  expenses 
cannot  be  recovered  in  a  suit  on  behalf  of  the 
wife  for  her  personal  injuries.' 

Law  of  Place.  Corporations  can  only  act 
in  conformity  with  the  law  of  the  Stole  or  sov- 
ereignty  by  which  they  are  created ;  hence, 
th«r  are  liable  as  carriers  only,  to  the  extent, 
and  in  conformity  to  the  law  of  Ihe  Slate  o^ 
jurisdiction  where  the  contract  was  made  or 
duly  undertaken ;  and  it  will  make  no  difference 
whether  the  action  is  in  form  "  upon  contract " 
or  "  for  tort "  (or  wron«),  thu  is  in  conformity 
to  the  general  rule  of  law,  upon  the  subject  of 
contracts  and  torts.* 

LiabUity—Whal  vriU  txeust  a  Com/any 
from  carrying  Passtngtrs.  A  company  is  not 
bound  to  carry  where  the  carriages  are  full. 

M  '•  IHi^^-  ^^*'  *  '»*•■"!'  <»«»  cited,  k-3  R.  I.     • 

8,  fo:;*^4'fc./i3^>K  is^^^z^l 

«»S:«4Ga.3s6:iSt«rk.493.  h,isin.468,   I-.3  ^enii. 
SL  IJ7,  ISO;  I  McUan,  510,  5J0,    m-n  Id.  5»o  iv>:  a 
la.  An.  44'  ;  40  MlM.  374.   «.«  Gray,  «4.    n-j,  Penn! 
— -    -*-    »oWeiMl.  »to; 
"omM.  489 ;  ao 


1:  ¥>t» 
•33  W. : 


^•^  2?*-««»-»  "•  »•••'  ^W  Const.  4i9 :  t 
14  B.  Moo.  .04.    r4i  roan.  S7«;  1  i:«.".«.  ^  -.  «, 
WokI.  aio;  14  B.  Moa.  sm;  50  Barb.  6a8.    u  lur^ 
(».  S.)  5sa ;  S. C.  I  H.  ftC.  s^ ;  •  ;«"(!».  si?  sST 


*  w  lir^^tmKWV  -  ■ 


1     I; 


BAILMENTS. 


! 


i 


But  tt  ihould  undoubtedly  be  an  extreme  ewe 
lo  juitify  tiie  abwiute  refuMi  of  •  pojutenger.' 
They  »re  act  bound  to  carry  diiorderly  penwns 
or  tnoae  otherwise  offensive — ai  inlected  by 
oontagior.,  or  offensive  in  person  or  conduct." 
A  carrier  ii  liable  in  tort  for  breach  of  duty 
aside  from  any  contract."  The  purchase  of  a 
ticket  does  not  constitute  the  contract  ;*  the 
company  has  a  light  to  impose  reasonable  reg- 
ulation* as  to  the  carriage  of  passengers.* 

of  a  Carrier  whtri  both  partits  art  in 

fault.    Railway  companie*  are  not  liable  as 
passenger  carriers  unless  they  are  in  fault,'  nor 
when  the  plaintiff's  fault  contributes  directly  to 
the  injury  ;•  but  where  there  is  an  intenti(»nal 
wrong  on  the  part  of  the  defendant,  he  Is  lia- 
ble, notwithstanding  negligence  on  the  part  of 
the  plaintiff.*    The  plaintiff  may  recover  for 
nxjM  neglect  of  the  company,  althou|^h  in  faj.lt 
himself,*  but  not  where  he  knew  his  neglect 
would  expose  him  to  injury.*    And  he  may  re- 
cover, though  riding  in  the  baggage  car.*    But 
the  company  docs  not  owe  such  duty  to  wrong- 
doers.*   The  plaintiff  nwy  recover,  although 
out  of  his  place  on  the  train,'  but  he  must  be 
lawfully  in  the  place  where  injured.*     Passen- 
gen  are  bound  to  conform  to  the  regulations 
of  the  company  and  directions  of  conductors.* 
Proof  of  the  company's  negligence  is  on  the 
plaintiff,'  negligence  on  the  plaintiff's  part  is 
not  presumed  -^  and  after  proof  of  presumptive 
negligence,  the  company  must  show  tliat  no 
reasonable  precaution  could  prevent  it.*    One 
croasing  a  railway  track  must  look  out  for  trains 
or  he  cannot  recover.'     Rushing  across  a  track 
when  a  train  is  approaching  is  foolhardy  mis- 
conduct, and  no  recovery  can  be  had  for  the 
injury."    So  for  injury  the  result  of  heedless- 
nesa."    Negligence  to  preclude  recovery  must 
directly  lend  to  produce  the  injury.*    Ordina- 
rily, proof  must  be  given  of  defendant's  negli- 
gence, and  that  but  for  such  negligence  the 
injury  would  not  have  occurred.*    Passenger 
carriers  must  provide  suitable  accommodatioitt 
for  all  passengers,*  then  passengers  mast  con- 
form to  the  usages  and  rules  of  the  company 
or  fail  to  recover.'    Where  a  pMMnger  fa  in- 
jured t^  the  fault  of '  carrier'a  employee*,  he 
may  recover,  but  not  if  done  by  bis  own  invi- 
tation.* 

«.i<Tur.  196:  S.  C.  8  Eac.L.  ftCq.3**:   <  >^- 

,.3-  '19  ^em).  a« :  10  N.  H.  486;  isIU. -in:  i  Bwd. 
ik^.  m:  S.  €<t  Price,  408.  ▼-alB.  ft  B.  Cm:  u 
C.  MlTs.)  310;  S.  C.  I.  Jur.  (N.  S.)«7»..  W-»  C 
B.  (N.  S.)  jio^S.  C.  XX  Jur.  (N.  JJ.)  730;  13  L.  T-  (N. 


El.  (N.S.)i9:  iMoo.  ftM.i6g:  iC.ftP  tfi:  M. 
fioi:  6C0W.  180,119;  3M.ftO.s9:  iQ.B.»9:  i» 
Conn.  s«6:  <3  Id.  437 :  ««  W-  S9« :  ««>  >*.  *  W.  ^(6;  s 
C.  \  P^9o :  »4  G..75 :  «« III-  m.  •-.  HIH  (STIr ) 
*8a :  J  Mr*  W.  ;i44:  i8<3a.  6«,W:  1  Duidierjs*: 
iiBaA.  339:  lAId.  538:  i7Bsrb.94:  n  W- 5* i  4 
Zab.  t«.%4 :   w  Oa.  440:  .  l»-io  Com.  507 :  f^JMW; 

170:  7  H.  ft  N.  736;  3  B.  ft  8.  •44.  e-BuMW**!  •». 
KmMsr,ioEast.<a.  «-i  Onw,  S7> :  ••  Baib.  91 1  43 


wktr*  ene  company  utti  tkt  track  »/ 

anotktr,  A  railway  company  which  receivit 
the  cars  of  ancuher  company  upon  its  track, 
placing  them  under  the  control  uf  its  ^^vwu 
and  servants,  and  drawing  them  by  its  loconm. 
live  power,  assumes  toward  the  passengers  iliv 
common  liability  of  pusenger  carriers ;'  and  w 
makes  no  difference  in  regard  to  the  liability 
of  the  company  to  passengers  posxing  over  ihiir 
road,  whether  they  purchased  tickets  of  Ihcni  or 
of  any  other  railway  company  or  agent  author- 
ized to  sell  such  ticketo.* 

Passenger  carriers  who  run  over  other  roach 
than  their  own  are  responsible  for  the  entire 
route,  and  must  take  the  risk  of  the  negligetice 
of  the  employees  of  the  other  companie)*.* 

wktr*  trains  do  not  arrive  on  tiitie.  A 

company  is  liable  for  not  delivering  a  passenger 
according  to  contract,*  but  they  may  excuse 
themselves  by  special  notice.  They  are  liable 
for  damages  caused  by  the  discontinuance  of  a 
train.*  Carrier*  not  performing  according  to 
previous  notice  are  liable  to  all  injured,  as  for 
breach  of  duty,*  but  are  not  liable  for  an  inju^ 
caused  by  a  stage  company  connecting  with  the 
railway.'  They  will  not  be  liable  where  pa.s- 
sengers  mistake  the  place  of  changing  cars,  and, 
by  remaining  in  the  same  car,  are  carried  out 
of  their  intended  route,  upon  proper  notice  uf 
the  course  of  thair  trains  and  places  of  chanc- 
ing cars.*  In  order  to  enable  the  plaintiff  tu 
recover  special  damages  claimed  to  have  beni 
sustained  by  reason  of  the  failure  of  a  contract 
to  carry  him  as  a  passenger,  it  must  appear 
clearly  and  by  aflfirmative  proof  that  the  Jant- 
ages  were  sustained  without  any  fault  on  his 
part,  and  in  spite  of  hi*  utmost  eflbrt*  to  avoid 
t'i^>n.* 

NtgHpntt—^kat  it  prima  fadt  evidence  of. 
Where  a  stage  coach  is  overturned  when  laden 
with  passengers,  it  is  regarded  a*  prima  facie 
evidence  of  negligence  In  the  proprietor  or  his 
aervanu.*  Ana  where  any  iniury  occurs  to  a 
pa*scnger  upon  a  railway,  it  has  been  consid- 
ered prima  fatie  evidence  of  the  culpable  ne- 
glect vX  the  company.* 

Payment  of  money  inU  eonrt  im  attiom 

ritut.    Payment  of  money  into  court  where 
declaration  in  tort  ii  general,  only  admiu 
damages  to  the  extent:  of  the  amount  paid. 

IfaiM.soi;  «  Dour,  38a.  eJ  Baib.  3%  4  J«»- ft 
37$.  r-«]  Id.  J3*.  f  •«  Duw,  ««-•.  M  !«»•  St. 
Vni  •«W«o3i  7  Porter  (lDd.J  474:  9  RWh.  84.  1- 
;'5»y.  9«.  J-1*  I*.  Y.  M :  S7  Vt.  I, ;  37  M.  SM.  ft- 
ISN.^ri*.  I-I8W.4**.  «i*W.43»  J!^«  » 
N.  7«".  •^J  Conn.  393 1  8  C.  ft  B.  (N.  8.)  M ;  7  Jur. 
<N.?J  iM.  |»-ii  Ir  Cob.  L.37r:  «  C.  B.(W.S) 
S88:  S.  C.  8  Jur.  (N.  S.)  7^;  »  H.  ft  C.  ». :  i»  C.  B. 
(N.  S.)  4|o:  S.  C.  9  Ju'iN.  S.»  95>;  3  «.  ft  CJb«; 
16  C.  B.  ^.  S.)  miU  C.  B.  (N.8.U4.,  m-M  V.  Y. 
670.  i>-7  Aden.  «07  i  sTd.  134 :  17  N.  Y7t8» ;  «  Pmn 
St.  480 ;  10  AUtn,  387.  M-Uw  ftcp.  3  C.  P  J».  374  * 
a.     8-9  Cosh.  04.     ■:sWatt.  90;  3  Exeii.  14S.     «• 

Conn.  I.  m*  Duct,  5»i.  m^  Bosworth,  4it.  »-i} 
Pot.  i8i.  «-5  Q.  B.  747 :  8  Peim.  St.  4*3 :  «  W.  47« : 
16  Baib.  113^:  ■*«  Id.  *•■ :   KwU:  iTya,  1 149.  •.  <, 


imfaHy  mtt  fkt  Iratk  «/ 
r  company  which  recclvri 
company  upon  lu  (rack, 

the  control  of  ill  a^vius 
iwing  them  by  it*  locoiiin. 
toward  the  pauengers  ili<- 
pcsuenger  carriers ;'  ami  w 

in  regard  to  the  linl)illiy 
uengers  poming  over  tlu-ir 
trchaxed  tickets  of  thcni  ur 
'  company  or  agent  author- 
et».« 

who  run  over  other  roatb 
responsible  for  the  entire 
!  the  risk  of  the  negligence 
the  other  companies.' 
!  do  not  arrive  on  lime.  A 
■  not  delivering  a  passenger 
,ct,*  but  they  may  excuse 
il  notice.  They  are  liable 
by  the  discontinuance  of  a 
it  performing  according  to 
liable  to  all  injured,  as  for 
ore  not  liable  for  an  injury 
mpony  connecting  with  the 
1  not  be  liable  where  pas- 
place  of  changing  cars,  and, 

same  car,  are  carried  out 
>ute,  upon  proper  notice  of 
:raint  and  places  of  chang- 
'  to  enable  the  plaintiff  lu 
iiges  claimed  to  have  bet- ii 
of  the  fnilure  of  a  contract 
passenger,  it  must  appear 
native  proof  that  the  dam- 
1  without  any  fault  on  his 

his  utmost  eflbrts  to  avoid 

/  »  prima  fati*  evidtnt*  of. 
h  is  overturned  when  laden 
it  legarded  as  prima  fad* 
mce  in  the  proprietor  or  his 
tere  any  injury  occun  to  a 
railway,  it  has  been  consid- 
vidence  of  the  culpable  ne- 

m*y  uU»  tourt  im  atttom 

of  money  into  court  where 

tort  ia  general,  only  idnits 

stent  of  the  amount  paid. 

|8a.  •4Bafb.3a:  4FMm.St 
-I  Dusr,  St'-*-  k4  P«M.  Si. 
iMter(Iiid.J474:   9  Ric^  *4-    1- 

. 4n.  m^*^U.^3p■  »4Hk 
m»C.  atB.  (N.STisjf  i  »  Jur. 
:  C*m.  L. jw;   «  C.  B.  (K.  S.) 

\-S  Wall.  90:  3  Exch.  146.     *• 

ki:  sE).  ftBI.Ua;  iH.  ftN. 
ft  Co,  335:  i3Vt.aM:  1  Redf. 
1-39  Miss,  it:  3*  Id.  <6o.  y-n 
ji^.    IM  Basvonb,  41*. .  B-13 

aai ;    KMi.  K  ys,  f  ng,  m.  m, 


w. 


BAILMENTS. 


131 


Bui  in  cases  of  special  contract  it  tdmiu  the 
contract  and  breach  alleged.* 

Pkivate  Carriers.  Private  carriers  incur 
the  responsibilitv  of  the  exercise  of  ordinary 
diligence  only  like  other  bailees  for  hire.* 

/or  romfemalion.     Private  carriers  are 

iKiund  to  the  same  diligence  and  skill  as  pru- 
dent and  careful  men  ordinarily  exercise  in 
similar  employmenU.  They  must  do  every- 
•hing,  and  omit  nothing,  which  careful  men  are 
SL-cuMomed  to  do  in  similar  business  where  they 
(hemselves  are  both  the  carriers  and  owners  of 
the  jood*-  Warehousemen  and  forwarders 
are  responsible  to  the  same  extent  as  private 
curriers.'  So,  also,  tow-boat  owners  and  wharf- 
ingers.! Deputy  postmaster*  are  bound  to  care 
and  diligep<:e,k  but  not  as  common  carriers.* 

A  common  carrier  may  become  a  private  car- 
rier.) Where  goods  are  injured  while  in  the 
custody  of  a  private  carrier  or  warehousemen, 
the  burden  is  upon  him  to  show  that  it  occurred 
from  some  other  cause  than  his  want  of  care, 
diligence,  or  skill.* 

The  recovery  of  judgment  without  satisfac- 
tion, against  a  private  carrier,  in  an  action  of 
fwumpait,  for  not  transporting  and  delivering 
the  articles  according  to  his  contract,  is  no  bar 
to  an  action  against  a  third  person  who  has 
purchased  the  property  of  the  bailee.* 

witkotU  eompentation.    A  contract  to 

convey  without  compensation  is  not  binding 
until  entered  upon ;  then  it  must  be  faithfully 
performed ;  and  if  any  damage  befall  the  prop- 
erty in  the  couiae  of  transporution,  through  the 
fault  of  the  carrier,  he  is  responsible  for  it  ;■' 
but  his  duty  depends  upon  the  nature  of  the 
property."  It  is  his  duty  to  carry  according  to 
his  known  custom  and  usage.*  If  injury  hap- 
pen to  the  property  while  in  the  custody  of  the 
bailee,  the  interference  of  the  bailor  to  remedy 
the  evil  will  not  release  the  bailee  from  the 
consequences  of  hi»  default' 

A  gntnitoua  bailee  has  such  an  interest  in 
the  property  while  in  his  custody,  and  is  so  far 
respontlUe  for  iu  aecurity  that  he  may  mainUin 
an  action  against  a  stranger  for  any  injury  to  it.« 

Warehousemen  and  wliarfingen  are  not  gra- 
tnitous  bailees.' 

COMMI8*IION  U  an  undertaking  without 
reward  to  do  sofiething  for  another  with  re- 
spect to  it  thing  bailed.* 

*■''  •IS'- JS»f  ^-  C-  «>  *«|t.  Uw  ft  Bq.  ist :  16  V». 


jM:   7« _ 

"3;   S.C.J  &«.  L.  ft  Eq.  54«.  '  •Jtoiy  Ulm.'! 
495 :  13  BaiS.  481 ;  t  Wend,  rf* :  '  Hcyw.  14 :  a  Dom, 


4jo:  4  Taunt  167:  6Id.sn:  »B.  ftS.4»»j  t 

*'V'  !^J"S'£«''»«>''  csui«n».  r-a  tf.ft  w. 


tc.  b: 

•J*: 

-«; — .— ■  - •  ■—  "4;  wowMM. S53;  9  <ireaa.Na.  «. 
n  Wend.  3«7:  i  Barb.  S.  C.  iSf:  3  HJO,  54s.  fi. 
t*n».il,;  ^Bttrr,.,09:  4  W.  •t49 i,  3  Wlisr443;.  1- 


>:WalMiS4>-   V'  B.  ft  Aid."  5. '  w^n  Q. 

ipj.   t-Jooa  ~ 

M  ■ootb  to 
luiifx  wiinoui  rewara,  ana  dShrvnd  1 
object  ar  pHrpOM*  of  iIm  orfgiqai  truil.    o.«,  wim. . 
4i.    A«MMnot,brwMdioas  of  theeenmctingimr- 


Mo.  srg.    ■..Walts. 54».    «-l  ll.S  AM.  «.    .  ,_  , 
B.43.  n-KMlMHrfen]  InM.  los.   t-jooes  fli^B.  36,  iii . 
I  ^'^■Jr'    A  iMltmeM  of  noib  to  be  kaoThf  1^ 
bailee  without  reward,  and  dShrmrd  according  to  tlie 


DEPOSIT  is  A  naked  bailment  ofgooilsto 
be  kept  for  the  depcuiior  without  reward,  and 
to  be  returned  when  he  shall  require  it.» 

An  irregular  dcpoHit  arises  where  cne  depos- 
its money  with  another  for  safe  keeping,  in 
cases  where  the  latter  if  to  retuni,  not  the  s|h:- 
cific  money  deposited,  but  an  equal  sum. 

A  quasi  deposit  arises  where  one  comes  law- 
fuUv  into  possession  of  the  goods  of  another  by 
finding.  , 

The  rule  of  responsibility  in  deposiu  is,  thai 
the  bailee  murt  act  in  good  faith,  and  in  the 
manner  as  he  conducts  nis  own  affairs  ;■  and 
special  undertakings  by  the  bailee  are  binding 
upon  him  to  th»!  extent  understandingly  made.* 

The  degree  of  diligence  to  be  exercLsed  by 
the  bailee  depends  upon  circumstances;  he  is 
not  responsible  for  theA  or  robbery  without  his 
fault." 

A  depository  is  bound  to  take  only  ordinary 
care  of  the  deposit,  which  will,  of  course,  vary 
with  the  character  of  the  goods  to  be  kept,  and 
other  circumstances.'  He  has,  in  general,  no 
right  to  use  the  thing  deposited/  unless  in  cases 
where  permission  has  been  given,  or  may  from 
the  nature  of  the  case  be  implied."  He  is 
bound  r»  return  the  identical  deposit,  and  in 
the  same  state  in  which  he  received  it ;  if  it 
is  lost,  or  injured,  or  spoiled,  by  his  fraud  or 
gross  negligence,  he  is  responsible  to  the  extent 
of  the  loss  or  injury.*  He  is  bound  to  restore, 
not  only  the  thing  deposited,  but  any  increase 
or  profits  which  may  have  accrued  from  it ;  if 
an  animal  deposited  bear  young,  the  latter  are 
to  be  delivered  to  the  owner.* 

In  case  of  irrcj^lar  deposiu,  as  those  with  a 
hanker,  the  relation  of  the  banker  to  his  cus- 
tomer is  that  of  debtor  or  creditor,  and  does  not 
partake  at  all  of  a  fiduciary  character.  It  ceases 
altogether  to  be  the  money  of  the  depositor,  and 
becomes  the  money  of  the  banker.  It  is  his  to 
do  what  he  pleases  with  it,  and  there  is  no  trust 
created.*  The  banker  is  not  liable  for  interest 
unless  expressly  contracted  for;  and  the  deposit 
is  subject  to  the  statute  of  limitations.* 

If  the  bailee  pnto  the  goods  to  a  use  not  jus- 
tified by  the  bailment,  he  ii.  guilty  of  a  conver- 
sion, and  responsible  for  all  Tosses.* 

In  cases  of  a  joint  depoait,  where  there  is  a 
special  undertaking  to  keep  and  restore  to  all 
jointly,  the  bailee  cannot  deliver  to  one.* 


tics  Riva  a  thing  to  another  to  keep,  who  ii  to  do  10 
usiy,  and  obligi!*  himtdf  to  return  it  when  he 
rcquctted.    SccExacUTiOMS;  PaAcnci,  poit. 


in.013;   t  Id.  646:    Jonct  Bailm.  4(i,  . 

1 S.  C.  I  Corw.  100;  17  Mai*.  170-314:  7 

, ,3  ft'^d.  ». 


J-a  Ld 

Strana^ .  1099,  £,. ,_. ,  ., 

Cow.  »78 ;  J  Dana,  S03;  aj  PIclt.  330, 

V-Wilica,  119 ;  3  Pciendorff,  363.  w-WriKhl,4ii:  3 
Jtaa.  aST;  3  Petei»dorC3«3.  x-Sce  14  S.  ft  R.  875! 
7.  Mas*.  479;  3  Ma».  C.  C.  13a ;  a  Ad.  ft  E.  as6 ;  i  B.  ft 
Aid.  39.  jr-Bw:.  Abr.  AuMm.  D.  n-Story  Bailm.lgo; 
Jones  BaiFni.  80,  »t ;  i  Bouv.  Inat.  a.  looB.  M-fonM 
Ballm.^,  4<,  lao:  17  Matt.  479:  Hawkc.  14s:  1 
Dane  Abr.  e;  17  Art.  1  ft  a.  InStory  Boilm.  i  99.  «- 
17  Wend.  «M :  1  Metriv.  568.  The  i«ml  remedy  W*  autt 
atlawfordaM;  the  balance  cannot  be  reached  by  a  bill 
in  equity,  a*  there  it  no  trust  raised,  a  Ho.  L.  Cas.  30 : 
I  Younge  ft  C.  Ch.  464.  d-t  Phiil.  401, 403 ;  a  Ho.X! 
Cat.  39,  40;  see  Setneil,  Banking,  4  Blacitf.  495.   e-M 

Eb«  ■  £"^4  4«r"  '' '  '*'•■"'•  •« '  *  C-  4 


.  -■■^■l»*I#!*(**^i£.'_  iV.l.  _ 


iSi 


BAILMENTS. 


A  depotUory  it  not  liable  to  «n  action  for  not 
restoring  a  thing,  until  after  demand,  unlew  he 
htt»e  put  it  to  iome  use  not  justified  by  the 
bailment.' 

Whenever  a  person  receiving  the  goods  has 
an  option  to  return  the  same  thinjj,  or  another 
article  of  the  same  kind  and  value,  the  property 
passes  to  him  as  effectually  as  in  an  orilinarv 
case  of  sale  and  exchange,  and  the  risk  is  with 
|h«  bailee,!  or  person  receiving  the  goods. 
»  A  mere  deposit  of  money,  or  other  thing,  is 
4ways  subject  to  recall  at  the  election  of  the 
depositor.^ 

Money  requires  more  watchful  care  than 
m<Mt  other  property.' 

PORWARDINO  MERCHANTS  are 
persons  who  receive  and  forward  goods,  taking 
upon  themselves  the  exjienses  of  transportation, 
for  which  ihey  receive  a  rompensalion  from  the 
owners,  but  who  have  no  concern  in  the  ves- 
sels, can,  or  wfigons  by  which  they  pre  trans- 
ported, and  no  interest  in  the  freight.  A 
forwarding  merchant  is  not  deemed  a  common 
carrier,  but  a  mere  warehouseman  or  agent.* 
He  is  required  to  use  only  ordinary  diligence 
in  sending  the  property  by  responsible  persons.* 

ORATIS  undertakings  are  those  without 
reward  or  compensation.  When  a  bailee  un- 
dertakes to  perform  some  act  or  work  gratis  he 
is  answerable  for  his  grou  negligence  if  any 
loaa  should  be  sustained  in  consequence  of  it ; 
bat  a  distinction  exists  between  a  misfeorance 
and  a  nonfeasance — between  a  total  omission 
to  do  an  act  which  one  gratuitously  promise* 
to  do  and  a  culpable  negligence  in  the  execu- 
tion of  it — in  the  latter  case  he  is  responsible, 
while  in  the  former  he  would  not,  in  general, 
be  bound  to  perform  his  contract.* 

HIRE.  Hire  is  a  bailment  in  which  com 
pensation  is  to  be  given  for  the  use  of  a  thing 
or  for  labor  and  services  about  it.* 

There  are  three  specie*  of  this  contract : 

1.  The  hire  of  labor  and  work  to  be  done, 
or  care  and  attention  to  be  bestowed,  or  the 
good*  let  by  the  hirer  for  a  compensation. 

2.  The  hire  of  the  carriage  of  goods  from 
one  place  to  another  for  a  compensation.* 

.  3.  The  bailment  of  a  thing  to  be  used  by 
the  hirer  for  a  compenKation  to  be  paid  by  him. 
This  contact  arise*  from  the  principle*  of 
natural  law;  it  is  voluntary,  and  founded  in 
consent;  it  involve*  mnitjal  and  reciprocal 
obligations ;  and  it  i*  for  mutual  benefit.  In 
fome  respects  it  bears  a  strong  teiemblance  to 
the  contract  of  sale;  the  principal  difference 
■between  them  being  that  in  cases  of  salr  the 

Gracnl.aot:   Coi,^;   sHUKS 


fo  Johns.  361 :   ■  Grscni.  job:    w— :-^,    *x-— t' 
C.)i<4i   S«fi»»  St.  us:    3*111  '«9„  «-«,Oh'">|» 

rWi4lit,  410:  t  SnMd,  m5  :  3s  Mo  4Sr    Jl«»  J«»»! 
•M :  7  Cow.  «7.    *-»  Ct  w.  »3 !  ••«  Story  ■»««„  ■ 
tlalias.t4:  jT.R.Ma:  •  UT Raym. 913.  ,«■■•*•»* 
Cioia.  4s<;SMryBiarm.3M.    H-IonMBaHM,  85,86. 

e,  loj,  Ilk :  Knt  C«a«.  456 !  ••»  CdtMow  Caiibibbs, 
WMoii  Cabbmbs  op  Passbhobbs,  Pbivatb  Cab- 
bibb*.  >bo««.  •-VInBltts  |i'  J  tit.  J5.  '">'•  Po*" 
Loaag*. M. *.  *-«:  Jones  i)aiii>i.  % :  Story  Ballm.  1 371 : 
PuBOBs, Story. Contr.* Kent Comiii.4se.  I»-«P»"*»- 
*59i  Bk.  i.tit.iv.{it  aft.i:  t  Const,  m:  Wh.  Am. 


owner  parU  with  the  whole  proprietary  interest 
in  the  thing,  and  in  cases  ot  liire  the  owner 
parts  with  it  only  for  a  temporary  use  and  pur- 
pose. In  a  sale  the  thing  itself  ir  the  suhjerc 
of  the  contract;  in  hiring  the  use  of  the  thing 
is  the  object.* 

Hiring  Things.  The  engagements  of  a 
|)erson  who  takes  anything  to  hire  are  to  put 
the  thing  to  no  other  use  than  that  for  which  it 
is  hired ;  to  use  it  well ;  to  take  care  of  it ;  tu 
restore  it  at  the  time  appointed;  to  pay  the 
rent  or  hire;  and,  in  general,  he  ought  to  ob 
nerve  whatever  is  prescrilied  by  the  covenant, 
by  law,  and  by  custom ;'  and  he  stipulates  for 
requisite  skill  and  diligence  to  accomplish  the 
purpone  of  the  bailment,  prudently  and  safely.* 

In  hiring  horses,  the  hirer  is  fwund  to  feed 
properly  at  his  own  expense,  and  treat  the  nni- 
mals  judiciously  and  prudently,  unless  where  the 
owner  retains  control  of  the  team  by  his  driver.' 

A  hirer  may  allow  his  servants  to  use  the 
thing,  he  being  responsible  for  their  conduct.' 
But  he  is  not  ordinarily  responsible  for  the  acii 
of  the  servanU  of  the  owner.* 

The  right  of  poasession  of  the  thing  during 
bailment  is  in  the  bailee." 

If  the  thing  fails  to  answer  the  purpose,  the 
hirer  is  not  bound  to  pay  the  price;*  the  same 
rule  applies  to  letting  of  the  use  of  things  for 
a  term  of  time  at  a  fixed  price.*  The  price  ia 
only  due  to  the  extent  of  the  service." 

Lbttino  Things.  The  leading  incidents 
of  this  ciau  of  bailmenU  are  as  follows : 

I.  The  thing  bailed  must  be  of  a  personal 


quality ; 


3.  It  must  be  tangible  and  under  the  power 
and  control  of  the  bailor,  either  as  hit  own 
property,  or  under  his  owfl  control,  with  the 
assent  of  the  owner; 

3.  It  must  of  course  be  a  thing  capable  of 
being  let ; 

4.  There  must  be  a  prtcc  agreed  between 
the  parties,  or  at  least  it  must  be.implieet  that 
a  reasonable  compensation  is  to  be  paid  for  the 
use  in  some  way ; 

5.  There  must  be  a  delivery  of  the  thing  to 
the  bailee  for  a  particular  time,  or  for  some 
particular  use,  and  until  that  i*  accomplished. 
A  hirer  of  thing*  i*^  bound  to  exercise  watch- 
fulness to  keep  them  securely.' 

In  case  of  mere  deposit  of  goods,  or  where 
there  is  only  a  paytneiii  for  horie  room,  and 
nothing  for  care  and  custody  of  the  things 
bailed,  the  bailee  is  not  responsible  for  the  lou, 
unless  upon  proof  of  some  particular  default 
or  neglect;'  unless  there  wa^  t  total  default  in 

Com.  439 :  «3  Johns- «"i  «?«»•  3"  !*??;;">  * 
t  Ld  lUyra  909;  >  rol.  «•.  b.;  j  T»et«sdoifAli.  374! 
I  Esp.  VI  P.  C.  314 :  I  Oow.  30.    r^  Br.  ft  B.  3»i 


Story  Ballm.  «n-389:  sPetwidofl  Ab.  |j«,  a«»  bom; 
1  C«mp.  4 :  J  »P  JS :  M-.»«3  ■;•  >•«."«;  S.  C  j 
Salk.  «t :  Story  Bailm.  I  400     t-j  B.  *  C.  347:  • 

Redf  Rsil' • *"*'  •"    *  "~"   "••  * 

M 


!"^-l '•IT  M  ^.r55;ji  Ow,  34*:  « 

A  W.  499     sI-VbIv.  ija :  10  Vt.  taf;i  »-*•*%■ 


3  Pick.  49*:  "  id  >39:  »r  Vt.  499;  4o  Iff.  »»:.4«  » 

H7S:»  Camp.  333    Y-s  B«*.  380-    w-t  Haad. S5I; 

"       -W .  SI  T«««a, 41«-    1?C. 

jr-so  Cash.  117;  9  WosA 


H.n;  3  Camp.  33s 
I  Mm.  (KyT3»T3  Ala. 


B.877:S 
•71. 


>o  Jwr.  411. 


''*'»SBiiiwaxi.iiiiimi.i)iW»ii 


whole  proprietary  interest 
I  caie*  ol  liire  the  owner 

a  temporary  use  and  pur. 
thiiiK  Itself  ir  the  subjert 
uting  the  use  of  the  thing 

The  engagement!  of  a 
nything  to  hire  are  to  put 
use  than  that  for  which  it 
ell ;  to  take  care  of  it ;  tu 
ne  appointed;  to  pay  the 
n  general,  he  ought  to  ob 
rcHcrihed  l>y  the  covenant, 
rm  ;*  and  he  stipulates  for 
iligence  to  accomplish  the 
ent,  urudently  and  safely.i 
the  hirer  is  bound  to  feed 
expense,  and  treat  the  nni- 
prudently ,  unless  where  the 
[of  the  team  by  his  driver.' 
m  his  servants  to  use  the 
lonsible  for  their  conduct.' 
rily  responsible  for  the  acts 
le  owner.* 

sssion  of  the  thing  during 
ilee.« 

to  answer  the  purpbae,  the 
»  pay  the  price ;»  the  same 
g  of  the  use  of  things  for 
ixed  price."  The  price  is 
nt  of  the  service.* 
i.  The  leading  incidents 
nents  are  as  follows : 
led  must  be  of  a  personal 

tgible  and  under  the  power 
bailor,  either  as  hie  own 
his  own  control,  with  the 

urae  be  a  thing  capable  of 

«  a  pAcc  agreed  between 
ut  it  must  be.impliert  that 
nsation  is  to  be  paid  for  the 

I  a  delivery  of  the  thing  to 
srticular  time,  or  for  some 
until  that  ia  accomplished. 
s  bound  to  exercise  watch- 
n  seoirely." 

deposit  of  goods,  or  where 
•mciii  f<Mr  horie  room,  and 
and  custody  of  the  things 
not  reqxMisible  (or  the  loss, 
of  some  particnSar  default 
there  was  a  total  default  in 

11 ;  I  Cow.  «!•:  •  G»-  »>>    ♦ 

i>l,  te.  b.:  ]  TeMTsdorf  Ab.  374: 


I  Oow.  JO.    r-«  Br.  C:  B.  3» 
Pctandorf  Ab.  }7«,  aad  aotci 
•■I  Mod.  ■<«;  S.  C.  s 


\i.  ti6s.    ---.  -   - 

m.  I  400.    t-s  B.  jk  C.  M7:> 
):  t4  BMb.jSSi  J  0«yt  S«:  • 

t.  tf :  10  Vt.  so*: 


-    ^'  - 

V-3  Barb.  3B0.  w-i  Head,  ss* : 
J«.  Sfc.  tiTewa,4»t.  ^C. 
4}}.   |r>io  Ceah.  1171  9  ^"^ 


BAILMENTS. 


til 


delivering  op  the  goods  on  demand,  and  no 
explanation,  or  an  evasive  one,  or  one  that  is 
imiirot>able.r 

WORK  AND  Custody.  All  mechanics  and 
srtisaiM,  who  undertake  to  do  work  and  re- 
pairs in  the  line  of  their  employment,  naturally 
become  responsible  for  competent  knowledge, 
>k)<l,  and  experience,  and  also  for  the  exercise 
of  that  diligence,  care,  and  faiihfulnesH  which 
is  requisite  to  the  successful  accomplishment 
of  the  work.  And  where  the  result  of  the  un- 
deilaking  is  not  successful,  the  laborer  is  not 
entitled  to  compensation ;  and  he  is  also  liable 
to  an  action  for  any  injury  to  the  materials 
furnished  and  with  which  he  attempted  to 
work.* 

The  general  property  of  the  thing  bailed  re- 
mains in  the  bailor,  and  if  during  the  counte 
of  the  work  it  is  destroyed  by  fire  or  otherwise, 
without  the  fault  of  the  bailee,  the  loss  will 
fall  on  the  bailor,  and  he  will  also  be  liable  tn 
the  bailee  for  the  work  already  accomplished  ;* 
but  articles  made  to  order  are  at  the  nsk  of  the 
owner.* 

In  cases  where  the  thing  delivered  for 
manufacture  is  not  to  be  relumed  in  specie 
but  in  kind,  it  ia  a  sale,  and  not  a  bailment," 
i»  where  grain  is  delivered  to  be  paid  for  in 
Jour,  etc. 

Bailees  for  hire  commonly  have  a  lien  for 
work  and  materials  furnished  by  them.*  But 
no  lien  can  be  created  except  by  the  owner's 
consent.* 

Where  work  ia  not  done  in  time,  or  accord- 
ing to  contract,  the  bailor  is  only  responsible 
/or  what  it  benefits  him.' 

A  bailee  for  work  for  reward  is  not  entitled 
to  use  material  superior  to  those  stipulated, 
with  any  view  to  higher  compensation,  unless 
tf^ere  is  evidence  of  the  previous  or  subsequent 
assent  of  the  bailor;!  nor  will  the  bailee  be 
allowed  to  charge  extra  compensation  for  extra 
work,  unless  the  deviation  was  previously  or 
Mbaeqnently  sanctioned  by  the  bailor.^ 

Agiitten  of  cattle  or  livery-stable  keepers  are 
jnly  bonnd  to  use  avch  care  and  diligence  as 
prudent  men  do  in  their  ow»  aflaiia.* 

INKKBSPBRS.  An  inn  U  a  house  for 
ihe  lodging  ard  entertainment  of  travellers; 
often  a  tavern  where  liquor*  are  furnished  for 
traveller*  and  otben^ 

An  innkeeper  is  the  keeper  of  a  cooimon 
inn  for  the  lodging  and  entertainment  of  trav- 


T-n  Cudt.  II J  i  g  Wmd.  171.  s-t  Chit.  Pl.je,  140: 
.Car.  ftp.  JSa;  •Jd.  J»«:,«  Wlk.  3.5.-  8  Emi^^S  i  . 
Caaip.!]*:  )8ta>fc.<i  f  Ck«w.  30.  »-■  KcmConm. 
S90i  I  ^uat.  137;  }  Burr.  1^.  k-Storv  Ballm.  14*7. 
«.  S-S  Hm, rt:  s llaaoa.  4fi;  •  Grecnl.  101 ;  7C0W. 
7St!  I  Ohio  St.  1144:  i|  Mich.  10.  4i.Yc!verton,  6s, 
*ai  BOM.  9^  PHc.  Mt.  r-7  Bail,  479:  14  Johm. 
377:  'S  Vc  $i<:  t  Bam.  ft  C.  9*:  i  Mass.  147:  19  Vl. 
1*1  :_i  Stark, 0:  1  Canp.39,i9o:  IVtu:  »  Id.  417. 
ir-4  Taunt.  74$.  W-  h-f4  Vt.  347:  1. 13.  «9!  19  Id. 
m:  1  T.  R.  «*  »-HoU.  N.  P.  $47:  •»  Texas, 657: 
*4  Me.  fco.  JpWdM.  Diet.  Lttin  ft :  in  awtt  if  the 
SuiM,uw  wor^  lao,  Tavcm.and  Hotel  are  svaony- 
moua:  Webat.  Diet.;  so*  s  KeM(>nm.  (9ih  Ed.)  (97 ;• 
Roia  A.  k-Bw:.  Abr.  Mm*,  He..-  Story  Ballin.  f  47s: 
"  It  oufht  to  b«  a  comauHi  iims  "  for  HMSoncsn,  not  fiir 
mighbon  o*  boardarsi  •  Co.  «;  It  is  not  rcquisile 
•hat  MaMsabaeewMclad  with  dwbewe,  or  that  tmv-  I 


eller*  and  passengers,  their  horses  and  attend- 
ants, for  a  reasonable  compensation,*  But  one 
who  entertains  strangers  occasionally,  although 
he  may  receive  compensation-  for  it,  is  not  an 
innkeeper.* 

A  guest  is  a  traveller  who  stays  at  an  inn  or 
tavern  with  the  consent  of  the  keeper." 

A  boarder  is  one  who  being  an  inhabitant 
of  a  place,  makes  a  special  contract  with 
another  person  for  board,  including  food  and 
lodging,*  and  is  to  be  distinguished  from  ■ 
guest.* 

A  boarding-house  or  restaurrnt  keener  is  not 
an  innkeeper,  either  as  to  cluty,  right,  or  re- 
sponsibility.' 

(ii;ESTs— Rights  and  P'ofonsibilitiis. 
All  who  l>rcnme  the  patron  ..  an  innkeeper 
(not  of  a  viclualer,  or  boarding  house  keeper, 
or  a  farmer,  or  other  person),  in  his  capacity  as 
such,  are  guests.  But  it  is  requisite  that  the 
place  where  entertainment  is  sought  be  a  com- 
mon inn-,  and  the  guest  must  become  a  patron 
of  the  inn  upon  the  expectation  of  both  parties, 
to  pay  for  what  he  receives;  and  the  guest 
must  not  have  changed  his  relation  of  a  tran- 
sient guest  to  that  of  a  permanent  boarder ;  for, 
if  so,  he  is  no  longer  (.mtitled  to  that  higher 
degree  of  responsibility  which  attaches  to  the 
office  of  an  innkeeper.  One  may  acquire  the 
rights  of  a  guest  as  to  his  horse  bv  leaving  him 
at  the  stable  of  an  inn.<  So,  also,  where,  in 
addition  to  that,  he  took  some  of  his  meals  at 
the  inn.' 

If,  after  taking  lodgings  at  an  inn,  a  guest 
leaves  his  horse  there  and  goes  elsewhere  to 
lodge,  he  is  still  to  be  considered  as  a  guest  ;■ 
but  not  if  he  merely  leaves  goods  for  keeping, 
for  which  the  landlord  receives  no  compensa- 
tion.* The  length  of  time  a  man  is  at  an  inn 
makes  no  difference,  whether  he  stays  a  day,  a 
week,  or  a  month,  or  longer,  or  only  for  tem- 
porary refreshment.  Go,  always,  that  though 
not  strictly  tr«mie»t,  he  retains  hia  character 
as  a  traveller.*  But  if  a  person  comes  under 
a  special  contract  to  board  at  an  inn,  he  ii 
not,  in  the  senae  cf  the  law  a  guest,  ^t  a 
boarder.* 

Innkeepers  are  gent^ly  liable  for  all  goods 
lielonging  to  the  guest  hrooght  within  the  inn. 
It  is  not  necessarr  that  the  goods  should  have 
been  in  th*  special  keeping  of  the  innkeeper 
tn  make  him  liable.    This  rule  is  founded  on 

clltTs  oxclasivsly  iccaive  •ntartainaieat  ihsra.  3  B.  ft 
Aid.  sis ;  I  Co.  ago;  and  it  wilt  not  vary  lb*  cbaracttr 
cf  tht  ralation  that  one  rsmaiiia  ever  so  kNi(,  or  that 
imna  of  eompsnsatioa  are  flxcd  by  prsvlous  contract  ;i 
7  Cush  417 :  story  Bailn.  1 477.  ■-•  D«v.  ft  B.  414  i* 
Ga.  tg6:  I  Mtrr.  (Tenn.)  184.  sss-Bac.  Abr.  Arar,  Ci 
}:  (Co.  3*.  ■■7 Cush.  4*4.  O-Story  Baibn.  1*11  <  *^. 
Vt.  143 :  a«  AU  (N.  S.)  171 :  7  Cush.  417.  »4  Vt.  agi ; 
I  Salli.  3S7:  I  Ld.  Raym.  479:  3  El.  ft  BT  144:  5.  C 
»  Enf .  r.  ft  Kq.  7«  «-i  ^kold.  38*:  STt  Ld. 
ifayra.  8M:  Vtlv.  flf,  Cro.  Jac.  iM;  t«  Vt.  316 ;  i 
Smith's  Leading  Cases,  so,  not«  to  Cayle's  case :  S  Co. 
»:  IBjic.  Abr.  Chlt^  Ceinrt.  474:  9  Pick,  sto:  s* 
Wend.  653 :  3  Hill,  4M :  8  BUckf.  53s:  16  Ala.  tti.  i^ 
«  T.  R.  S73;  I  Salib  L.  Cas.  jo.  not*  to  Cs  caae:  s> 
Mann.  iCs :  33  Cat.  m-  «-■«  Vt.  316.  t-i  Salk.  )li: 
.  Ld  Raym.  8M:  G«.  Jac.  18S.  a-s  T.  R.  tnii 
Bailt  5fo.  T-Bae.  Abr.  Am.  C  s;  Story  Bailm.  {"yy; 
.6  Ah.  (N.  8.)  177:  s«  Vt.  m  3«rS*  7  Cush.  w 


€ 
^ 
% 


c-rrv'nffi»««-".iiSBill»u!ii»ri^'^' 


m 


BAILMENTS. 


prindpiM  of  pvblic  adlity  to  which  til  priv«t« 
contiderktionn  oughl  to  yield.' 

A  re»t»ur«ntkeeper  is  not  reiponiiblc  u  «n 
Innkeeper.*  Bal  one  who  occDsiontlly  entertaini 
travellen  nuy  be  an  innkeeper.'  And  one  ii 
clearly  not  re*pontible,M»ttch,  to  another  not  a 
guctt.* 

An  innkeeper  is  re«|x)n»ible  for  an  Injury  to  a 
horse  left  at  his  suble,  while  driven  for  exercise.' 

One  wishing  to  become  a  guest  at  an  inn,  and 
feady  and  wilTing  to  pay  for  his  entertainment, 
may  recover  damages  lor  refusal  to  receive  him." 

iNNKtEPKHa— DUTIU    AND    ResPONSIBILI- 

TIB.  An  innkeeper  is  bound  to  take  in  and 
receive  all  travellers  and  wayfaring  persons,  and 
to  entertain  ihem  if  he  ran  accommodate  them, 
for  a  reasonable  compensation ;"  and  he  must 
guard  iheir  goods  with  proper  diligence.  He 
is  liable  only  for  the  goods  which  are  brought 
wilhin  the  Inn.r  A  delivery  of  the  goods  into 
the  personal  custody  of  the  innkeeper  is  not, 
however,  necessaiv  in  order  to  make  him  re- 
sponsible;  for, although  he  may  not  know  any- 
thing of  such  goods,  he  is  bound  to  pay  for 
them  If  they  are  stolen  or  carried  away,  even 
by  an  unknown  pemon  ;*  and  if  he  receive  the 
guest,  the  custody  of  the  goods  may  be  consid- 
ered as  accessory  to  the  principal  contract,  and 
the  money  paid  for  the  apartn^ents  as  extending 
to  the  care  of  the  box  and  portmanteau.*  The 
liability  of  an  innkeeper  is  the  same  in  charac- 
ter and  extent  with  that  of  a  common  carrier.* 
He  is  responsible  for  the  acts  of  his  domestics 
•nd  servants,  as  well  as  for  th«  acts  of  his  other 
guests,  if  goods  are  stolen  or  lost  ;*  but  he  Is 
not  responsible  for  any  tort  or  injury  done  by 
his  lervanU,  or  others,  to  the  person  of  his 
guest,  without  his  own  co-operation  or  con- 
sent.* But  the  innkeeper  will  be  excused 
whenever  the  loss  has  occurred  through  the 
fault  of  the  guest.* 

An  innkeeper  is  responsible  pretumptively 
for  all  losses,  and  can  excuse  himself  only  1^ 
showing  that  he  did  all  in  his  power  to  prevent 
it.'  He  is  responsible  for  all  money  and  other 
articles  the  guest  finds  it  convenient  to  carry 
with  reference  to  his  expenses  and  basincM. 
And  if  money  to  stolen  from  the  guest,  he  may 
recover,  although  he  omitted  to  put  it  in  the 
safe  ;■  but  this  will  depend  somewhat  (Hi  the 

r-i  K«nt  Comm.  4»  L  >  Hsy'-  4»  i  '*  I<>h»»- "7J : 
D'i-  4i5.  i;  t««  3  Kft  AW.  Oj;  iM.  &S.  joA;  i 
Hit.  W!  P.  «.9:  iSalk.  387iC«rtK.  4>7:  '.BfJ- 
Conw.  4«9 :  Dan*  Abr.  Indax :  Y«lv.<;,a;  i  Saitli 
I.  Ca*.  47 :  •  Co.  3« :  14  B»rb.  19} ;  1  Crf.  sti ;  7  CuUi. 
417;  .6  Vi.  s4«.  s-i  Hrtton,  101.  t-»T««a«.rJ8.  - 
II  d.  B.  (N.  S.)  6^ ;  9  Jur.  {H.\)  ifl4.  ▼-•  H. » 
i4:8.C.9J«»'(5' 
ft  P.  «13 
**5:  nC 


;C. 


amount  and  use.*    The  obligation  upon  the 

Suest  to  place  his  money  in  the  safe  «eemi  tn 
cpend  upon  the  amount  and  what  is  prudent.' 
The  guest  must  deposit  his  goods  in  the  or- 
dinary place,  in  care  of  the  proper  perwn. 
There  is  no  particular  course  to  be  adopted  liy 
the  guest,  except  to  lie  prudent.  It  is  the  duty 
of  the  host  to  be  watchful  at  all  poinu.*  He 
must  not  trust  to  the  opinion  of  his  gueit,  but 
see  to  it  himself  that  the  goods  are  poaitively  kept 
safe.  The  omission  of  the  jguest  to  fasten  hit 
door,  etc.,  will  not  excuse  indifference  on  the  part 
of  the  host.  Where  the  guest  exposes  his  money 
to  be  seen  by  others,  and  then  leaves  it  within 
their  reach,  he  has  no  redress  if  it  is  stolen.* 

The  guest  must  either  take  exclusive  possession 
of  his  goods  ur  else  utterly  disregard  all  ordinary 
precautions  for  safely,  in  order  to  exonerate  liie 
innkeeper ;»  and  to  charge  the  guest  with  negli- 
gence, exonerating  the  innkeeper,  it  should  ap- 
pear that  the  guest  fully  understood  the  danger 
and  penisted  in  leaving  his  ^joods  exposed.' 

The  innkeeper  is  responsible  for  all  money 
and  other  property  the  guest  finds  it  convenient 
to  have  » ith  him,  he  using  all  reasonable  precau- 
tions himself  not  needlessly  to  exooae  it  to  loss." 
An  innkeeper  must  furnish  reasonable  lodgitigs." 
A  mere  boarding-house  keeper  cannot  be 
subjected  to  the  responsibilities  of  an  inn- 
keeper.* And  io  if  a  guest  takes  a  room  at  an 
inn  for  the  purpose  ol  selling  goods  therein, 
the  landlord  U  presumptively  not  reiptmsiblf 
for  their  safety.* 

Lien  upon  the  trrtcn  or  the 

QUEST.  The  innkeeper  is  entitled  to  •  just 
compensation  for  his  care  and  trouble  in  taking 
care  of  hto  guest  and  his  property ;  and,  to  en- 
able him  to  obuin  this,  the  law  invests  him 
with  some  peculiar  privileges,  giving  him  a  lien 
upon  the  goods  brought  into  the  inn  by  the  guest  s 
and,  it  haa  been  saia,  upon  goods  on  the  person 
of  hto  guest  for  hto  compensation ;»  aiM  this, 
though  the  goods  belong  to  a  third  person,  if  he 
wai  ignorant  of  the  fact.*  He  hat  a  lien  upon  all 
the  goods  of  a  guest  in  hto  cnatody  for  all  ex- 
penses incurred;'  and  thtowill  extend  to  hto 
Dorse,  harness  and  carriage,  for  the  keeping  of 
hto  horsD,  and  probably  for  the  whole  sum  due ;' 
and  thto  lien  will  not  he  affected  by  any  defect 
in  the  title  of  the  guest.* 

14:  iCal.ni.    ll-t7Ml«i.  6»! 
4E.  D.8«ltk.M:  tjHU. 


lor.  (S.  S.)444-  W-iCsr.li  M.  «»4i  7C. 
,  iM.fcW.  K-j  T.  R.  •«:  jKftAWl. 
„,.  ...ftK.  404:  7C.  ftP.tn:  4K»eh.j67.  jr-« 
Ce.3*:  Jones  Bailm.  91.  si-8Co.3t:  iHayw..4>:  •« 
Johns.  I7J;  tjWeml.«4»!  $  Barti.  560;  7Cush.  114: 
iseisEi|.  L:»Eq.9«.  »7Mlss.«5T  i  B.U  C;i»m. 
^.     •-JoncsBailm.  04:   Story  Boilm.  |47o:'  «■ 

CoiaB.4}o:  •  h.«ni  Comm.  45M«3-  •^P'<*-»*»! 
7CUNI.  417:  9Haaiph.  746;    iCsl.ni:    BB.ftC.9; 

31  Mc.  47* ;  8  Wackf  $3J :  •««  S  Q  B.  144 :  sj  Vt.  177; 
UU.  Jt7:  14111.  iss.  •-7Cu»h.4«7!  i»V''iS«i  «- 
•  Co.  3».  eMStonrWlm.  1  483:  4  ft.  *  S.  »*;  I 
Stark,  tsi,  ■,'  t  Kent  Comm.  461 ;  >  Yratcs,  34.    f;"* 

Vt.  316, 335.  m-H  U.  An.  3*4 ;  ?•  P-  W-  s«4 ;  »7  «•• 
«M  i  44  £rb.  31:  SI  !<!.<)*:  i4johm.i7Si  •  Vsalas, 


l«'j 


■I  V.  Y.  HI :  I  iesw. 

196    t-3f»y..y±- 


14  io&Bs.  171:  •  N.  H.  foi;  t  Wtad.  ui:  i  Ad.  ft  B 
-l«.i63:«HurfrftN 


..,. ft  N.  sot:  5 


id.  347: 

:SrC.F.ftr.s«i; 
-     -       "ft 


;  «Mam.l 


jm:  53  Me. 

•4  Barb.  3^; 

8  306:  *4lml 

t  Ad.  ft  El.  s»»i  .  ....•«.»  ».  . .  v..  .  .  ^.    — ---s-'.'T- 

Cm.  ft  Bsllm.  Ilj4.  J«.    1-7  Cush.  417, 4»7 :  •  ■•  •  Ad. 

803:  6  Em.  L.  ft  Eq.  3«>i  'J  Q-  B^*** ;  1  Hayss.  40; 

I  Kant  Comm. 

YwtfK,  3] :  la  [ 

IS-l*  MM.  33 


6;  «4lBd  347    J-*''««  i^yL»»i  «B  *C.9 
.ikEI.  SMJ  >Hntu«N.V.C.I>.l4.    h-BsdCon 

»•  J^»4:'  StorirlBiiiim'.  47»,'i»i;7» 
•  MS7.  41^487.    NI-SM8M.ftW,*<9. 

1!  I  Sidk.  387;  S.C-  I  hi-  RayB.  479S  4 

B.  (N.  BJ  954  J    33  ell.  S57-     •-4  MsnU  ft  Sdv. 
I  Holt  M.  F.  xv :   S.  C:  I  Surf.  N.  P.  «4». 


theho«seof  agucM,  iMsiWmd.  6s4:  sPidksl".  *■ 
Story  Bailm.  |  j7« :  3  »*.  fc  W.  348  .•-•».QA'»» '  ' 
C.  B.(N.S.)*<7:  ioB«ck.4i7:s8Ia|.L.ftl4.44» 


^m 


ht  oblimtion  upon  (he 
ley  in  the  safe  tccim  ti> 
nt  and  what  it  prudent.' 
nU  hit  goodt  in  the  ur- 
of  the  proper   perv>n. 
cuurae  to  be  adopted  liy 
pudenl.     It  i(  the  duty 
hrul  at  all  poinu.i     lie 
opinion  of  hi*  i^ucit,  hut 
good*  are  poaitivcly  kr|H 
il  the  puett  to  faiten  hit 
M  imiiflerence  on  the  part 
!  guetl  cxpoies  hit  monry 
nd  then  leave*  it  within 
redrcM  if  it  i*  itolen,* 
take  excluiivepoHcwion 
riy  disregard  all  ordinary 
in  order  to  exonerate  the 
ir^e  the  gueat  with  nc({'i- 
!  innkeeper,  il  should  ap- 
\j  undcratood  the  danger 
ig  his  goods  eaposed.k 
etponsTble  for  all  money 
guest  finds  it  convenient 
ing  all  reasonable  precau- 
lessly  to  expose  it  to  loss.' 
lish  reasonaiole  lodgitigi." 
louse  keeper  cannot  be 
iwnsibilitics   of  an  inn- 

fiest  lake*  •  room  at  an 
selling  goods  therein, 
mplively  not  reiponsibl# 

THE    EFFECTS    OF    THE 

per  is  entitled  to  a  just 
»re  and  trouble  in  Uking 
his  property  5  and,  to  en- 
his,  the  law  invest*  him 
ivilege*,  giving  him  a  lien 
It  into  the  inn  ^  the  guest ; 
upon  good*  on  the  person 
compensation  ■,»  and  this, 
«g  to  a  third  person,  if  he 
:t.<  He  hu  a  lien  upon  all 
in  hi*  coatody  for  all  ex- 
id  thUwill  extend  to  his 
niage,  for  the  keeping  of 
y  for  the  whole  sum  due ;' 
he  affected  by  any  defect 

m.t<g;  tiM.  Y.m:  t  iesw. 


BAILMENTS. 


iJS 


id.  mt:  I  Ad 

•  N.tojj^c.r.tr.tij: 


..  IWand. 
UN 


H. 


■  N 


tiKy-L49:  'B,  ftc.9 


1-7  Cwh.  417. 4«r ;  •  ■•  •  Ad. 

)i  M  Q.  B.  «4i  i  I  HayM.  40; 
1:  Story  Balln.  4}!,  jtii   t 

1B7;  S.C.  I  Ld.Rajria.  4*9:  4 

S.  C.  I  Slark.  N.  P.  149.  ^ 
in;  I  Show.  170;  letrC.  ft 
ih.'tij;t4Vl.«.:sM.»W. 
■.,  D.  %-3  Stark.  17* ;  •*  Q. 
It  Barb.  4t.  As  10  dataWai 
MWand.  <S4:  9P<ek.*<e.  r 
.iw.34».  •-.$0.8.197:' 
(ch.417:  a«bc.L.ftI«.44f 


An  Innkeeper  ha*  no  lien  upon  the  effect* 
of  hi*  ordinary  boarders  for  their  expense*  in- 
curred.' 

An  innkeeper  has  a  lien  upon  a  traveller's 
horse  put  in  his  stable,  although  he  lodue 
(JMwhere.  So,  also,  upon  all  property  the 
||ac*t  leave*  in  hi*  poue**ion,  for  all  expense 
incurred.* 

The  lien  of  an  innkeeper  is  not  affected  by 
the  fact  that  the  guest  Is  an  infant.* 

The  landlord  may  also  bring  an  action  for 
the  recovery  of  hi*  compensation. 

LOANS  are  bailments  without  reward. 
Baitmjints  of  articles  for  use  or  consumption 
without  reward.     The  thing*  *o  bailed. 

A  loan,  in  general,  implies  that  a  thing  is  lent 
without  reward  ;  but,  in  *ome  cases,  a  loan  may 
be  for  a  reward  1  as,  the  loan  of  money.*  It 
would  be  an  inquiry  too  purely  speculative, 
whether  this  use  of  the  term  loan  originated  in 
the  times  when  the  taking  of  interest  was  con- 
sidered usury  and  improper—the  bailment  of 
money  which  was  to  be  returned  in  kind— the 
supgposition  would  furnish  a  reasonable  expla- 
nation to  the  exception  to  the  general  rule  that 
loan  includes  (properly  only  those  bailment* 
where  no  reward  i*  given  or  received  1^  the 
bailea  In  order  to  make  a  contract  usurious 
there  must  be  a  loan,«  and  the  borrower  must 
be  bound  to  return  the  money  at  all  events.' 
The  purchase  of  a  bond  or  note  is  not  a  loan,' 
but  if  such  a  purchase  be  merely  colorable,  it 
will  be  considered  a*  a  loan.* 

Foe  consumption.  A  loan  for  con- 
sumption i*  a  contract  by  which  the  owner  of  a 
penonal  chattel,  called  the  lender,  delivers  it 
to  the  bailee,  called  th«  borrower,  to  be  re- 
turned in  kind.  For  example,  if  a  person  bor- 
rows a  bushel  of  wheat,  and  at  the  end  of  a 
month  returns  to  the  lender  a  bushel  of  equal 
•value.  This  class  of  loaiu  is  commonly  con- 
sidered under  the  head  of  bailmenU;  but  it 
lacks  one  essential  element  of  bailmenU :  that 
of  a  rttmrM  of  the  property ;  it  is  more  strictly 
a  baiteir  or  exchange;  the  property  passes  to 
the  borrower.^  Those  cases,  sometimes  called 
vMi{rw(the  corresponding  civil  law  term),  such 
as  where  com  is  delivered  to  a  miller  to  be 
ground  into  meal,  or  wheat  into  flour,  are 
either  cases  of  hiring  of  labor  and  service,  as 
where  the  miller  grinds  and  returns  the  identi- 
cal wheat  ^und Into  flour,  retaining  a  portion 
for  his  services ;  or  constitute  a  mere  exchange, 
as  where  he  mixes  the  wheat  with  his  own,  un- 
dertaking to  furnish  an  equivalent  in  com.  It 
amountfl  to  a  contract  of^  sale,  payment  being 

t*  Rich.  4*j.  a-is  Wend.  653 :  9  Pick.  *to.  T-* 
Duval,  «47.„W-7  Pet.  109.  x4:owp.  us.  7*0 ;  V«. 
Ch.  5.7 ;  .  m.  •» ;  3  WIU.  300.  jr..  St*,  it  L;  Oi.  Ir. 
470.  s-s  Seh.  ft  L.  Ch.  Ir.  4«9 ;  a  Pat.  103.  «-t  lohat. 
C««.fc,«6j  Its.  ftR.*«:  i$>hi».44:  fc-4N.  Y. 
j«i  I  Id.  431!  I  Ohio  St.9l:  J  Mu.  C.  C.  47«i  i 
S>fd^-  353  i  Story  BtHm.  (  439.  v-t  Kent  Comm.  (4lh 
tfd.)  373'.  Il-Storr  Ballm.  I  wtj.  et  Ld.  Raym.  913. 
rStMV  Balln.  I  tf<Si  13  Vt.  161.  jB-Story  Ballm.  { 
««•.  ■•W.  II  JO.  »«*.  30*.  rfo.  l-«  Aft.  Cb.  ni  i  a  T. 
R.  if9:  •  Tajat.  tM.  J-i  Mod.  tio;  4  Stndf  8.  k- 
i  Mik..  i04<  I  CoMtl.  iti  s  •"  •  —  -  .  — 
tSM,  DftOft      I.     ~     ' 


\\^^^iVS:ir'. 


stipulated  for  in  a  specified  article  instead  dt 
money. 

Fob  use.     A  loan  for  use  is  a  bailment 

of  an  article  to  be  used  by  the  borrower  without 
paying  fur  the  use.*  A  loan  for  use  (called  torn- 
moJtttum  in  the  civil  law)  diffen  from  a  loan 
for  consumption  (called  mutuum  in  the  civil 
law)  in  this,  (hat  the  comntodatum  mutt  be  spe- 
cifically returned,  the  muluum  is  to  lie  returned 
in  kind.  In  the  case  of  a  cammodalum  the 
property  in  the  thing  remains  in  the  lender  \ 
in  a  mtttMum  the  property  passes  to  1  lie  bor- 
rower. 

The  loan,  like  other  bailments,  must  be  of 
something  of  a  personal  nature  ;*  il  must  be 
gratuitous*  for  the  use  of  the  borrower;  and 
(his  is  the  principal  object  of  (he  bailment;' 
and  must  be  lent  to  be  specifically  returned  at 
the  determination  of  the  bailment.*  The  gen- 
eral law  of  contracts  governs  as  to  the  capacity 
of  the  parties,  and  the  character  of  the  use  ;*  he 
who  has  a  special  prop«;rly  may  loan  the  thing, 
and  this  even  to  the  general  owner,  and  the 
possession  of  the  general  owner  still  be  that  of 
a  borrower.' 

The  borrower  may  use  the  thing  himself;  but 
may  not,  in  general,  allow  others  to  use  it  J 
during  the  time,  and  for  the  purposes,  and  to 
the  extent  contemplated  by  the  parties.^  He  is 
bound  to  use  extraordinary  diligence  ;'  he  is  re- 
sponsible for  accidents,  though  inevitable,  wMch 
injure  the  property  during  any  excess  of  use ," 
he  must  bear  the  ordinary  expenses  of  the  thing,* 
and  must  restore  il  at  the  time  and  place,  and 
in  the  manner  contemplated  by  the  contract,* 
including  also  all  accessories,**  or  increase.  He 
must,  as  a  general  rule,  return  it  to  the  lender.* 
The  lx>rrower  of  goods  is  responsible  for  any 
damage  or  loss,  if  it  was  occasioned  by  his  ne- 
glect, or  if  lie  used  the  goods  in  a  manner  not 
warranted  by  the  terms  of  the  loan ;'  he  is  bound 
to  exercise  all  the  care  and  diligence  that  the 
most  careful  person*  are  accustomed  to  apply  to 
their  own  affair*;  and  in  his  case  the  omission 
of  the  most  exact  and  scrupulous  caution  is  re- 
garded as  culpable.* 

The  borrower  puts  the  thing  to  any  other 
use  at  hi*  peril,  and  he  must  do  all  he 
would  to  preserve  his  own  property,  of  equal 
value.* 

The  borrower  is  not  responsible  for  loss  by 
robbery  without  his  fault." 

The  lender  may  terminate  the  loan  at  his 
pleasure;''  he  is  perhaps  liable  for  expenses, 
adding  a  permanent  benefit.*    The  leniier  still 

Sandf.  t.  as-s  Matt.  194 ;  i<  Qa.  ts.  N-Jon«t  Ballm. 
67.  ••16  Oa.  t< :  12  Tcxat,  373 ;  Siery  Ballm.  99.  |»- 
i<Ga.  t<;  •  Kent  Oanm.  (4th  Ed.)  366.  At  to  Oi* 
plactof  dcilvory  tM9B>rb.  1I9:  I  Me.  iso;  1  N.  H. 
MS ;  I  Conn,  igs :  s  Id.  76 ;  16  Matt.  453 ,  Chipman 
CoBlr.  ts.  q-7Cow.  178;  iB.  ft  Ad.  430;  11  Matt, 
lit.  r-Wright,  410;  I  Snced.  148:  35  Mo.  487:  t 
Ld.  Raym.  909;  to  Johm.  17s ;  roMatt.  las:  Jonet 
Ballm.  «4.  ■■!  Abb.15lf.3^:  4  Stndf.  S.  C.  5:  14 
III.  84 ;  17  Ind.  iss :  ti  III.  as9 :  3  Allen,  »4 :  9  Barb. 
>?<:  >3  Vt.  161.  t>37  III.  a<9;  Story  Ballm.  H  >, 
1.  4-  M-tS  Ind.  167.  T-9  Eatt.  49:  iT.  R.  480:  0 
Cow. Myt  •  JohM. 43*:  -'  "  "•  -  *-  •  * 
i*74< 


KHt. 

i6  Ga.  ajr '  ir-Slory  buin«' 


13* 


BAILMENTS. 


■«, , 


1    i 


:■}} 


•|  V 


rttalni  hit  proparty  m  •faintt  third  ptnoiis, 
anil,  for  »(ini«uurnotet,  hli  pouMwion.' 

MANOATB  U  •  baJlmenl  of  proiierly  in 
reK*rd  to  which  the  Uilee  engagM  to  dotom« 
net  without  rewartt,' 

Mandate*  and  dcfiuaitii  cimcly  re»einl)le  each 
other ;  the  diMinctiun  Mnn,  tiiat  in  mandate*, 
(he  care  and  nrrvice  are  the  |irincii)al,  and  the 
ciiitody  the  scte'.wiry,  while  In  tlepoait*,  the 
cuMndy  is  the  princip*!  thing,  and  the  car*  and 
lervice  are  merely  acccwtory.' 

The  mandator  li  the  p<rr«on  employing  an- 
other to  perform  a  mandate.* 

The  mandant  U  the  bailor  in  a  contract  of 
mandate. 

The  mandatary  l«  the  one  who  undertake*  to 
perform  a  mandate. 

For  the  creation  of  a  mandate  It  i*  ncce*- 
*ary:*  I.  That  aomething  xhould  eiii*t  which 
thoiild  be  the  *ubjectmaiier  of  the  contract ; 
S.  That 't  thould  lie  done  graiuitouily ;  and  3. 
That  the  partle*  thould  voluntarily  intend  to 
enter  into  the  contract. 

Thert  it  no  particular  form  or  manner  of 
fi  tering  into  the  contract  of  mandate  pre- 
K'ribtd,  in  ..rder  to  give  it  validity.  It  may  he 
verb*!  or  in  writing ;  expreta  or  implied  {  In 
tolemn  form,  or  in  any  other  manner."  The 
contract  may  be  varied  at  the  pleasure  of  the 
paitiet.  It  may  be  ahaolute  or  conditional, 
general  or  tpecial,  temporary  or  permanent." 

A  voluntary  undertaking  i«  not  obllgatorvi 
but  if  entered  upon,  the  confidence  created  by 
the  delivery  of  the  uo«)d«  impoae*  up<»n  the 
bailee  the  duty  of  performing  the  icrvice  ac- 
cording to  the  expectation  that  voluntarily 
created.'  But  a  bailee  without  reward,  or 
profeation  of  tkill,  it  only  bound  to  act  accord- 
ing to  hit  aMlity.'  The  mandtitary,  upon  un- 
dertaking hit  trust  and  receiving  hi*  article,  it 
bound  to  perform  it  at  agreed  upon,*  and  it 
retponiiUe  only  for  groaa  negligence;*  but  In 
comidering  the  quettlon  of  negligence,  regard 
it  to  be  had  to  any  implied  undertaking  to 
furnith  luperior  tklll,  ariting  from  the  known 
ability  of  the  mandatary.*  He  mutt  tender 
an  accoant  of  hit  jirooMdingi,  and  tbow  a 
compliance  with  the  cotiditiona  of  the  bail- 
ment.* 

One  may,  by  tpecial  andertaking,  or  inter- 

r-i  I  John*.  *Ss :  <  Id.  IM  i  r3  Id.  141 ,  *•«  i  7  Cow.  751 : 

9!d. «7: 1  Pick-  ^LiVff: M '  'J-  fi  <!"i*it!^"«r: 


4«4 


•  Bintk.  17*:  11 


to  whMher  tb*  prooarty  I* 
'    '  ivanMMMi 


meddling  with  good*,  make  himtelf  1  ><ipon<iM<' 
for  all  loMe*.* 

A  mandatar,  .nay  uta  the  thing  in  a  re««»ii 
able  manner,  by  himtelf  or  hi*  aervants;  l>u; 
if  he  pu*«e»»e«  *klll,  he  i*  bound  to  ui*  It  the 
lame  at  a  hirer,  who  undertakea  to  ui*  ikill.' 

A  mandatary,  who  doe*  not  k.ipulaie  for 
cumpcnialiun,  mu»t  l>e  undentixxi  to  act  wiili 
out,  unle**  the  circumtuncet  indicate  the  cixi 
trary.i 

A  promite  of  a  bailee  to  r  >tum  good*  doe* 
not  increate  hi*  re*pon»ibility.* 

The  question  of  groa*  negligencr  it  one  f<« 
the  jury;'  and  (he  plaintiff  muit  thow  it.* 

The  ditiolutiun  uf  llie  coMraCk  may  be  l>y 
renunciation  by  the  mandat,<ry  before  com 
mencing  the  execution  of  the  undertaking  ■,■  liy 
revocation  of  authority  by  the  mandator  ;■  liy 
death  of  the  mandator;*  by  death  of  the  mtn 
datary;*  by  in*anity  or  bankruptcy  of  either 
party ;'  and  by  change  of  ttate  of  tne  partie*  ;< 
and,  in  «nme  ctne^,  by  operation  of  law.' 

PAWN  OR  PLBDOB  i«  a  bailment  of 
personal  property  ai  ttcurity  for  lome  debt  or 
engagement.  It  it  when  the  debtor  deliven 
any  pennnal  property  to  the  creditor,  to  be 
kept  by  him  until  the  debt  it  paid ;  and  upon 
failure  of  the  debtor  to  meet  hit  obligation, 
according  to  it*  term*,  to  di*poae  of  the  pledge 
In  payment  of  the  debt  at  far  at  it  will  ga,  and 
if  anything  remain*  aficr  full  payment,  to 
return  it  to  the  pledgor. 

There  it  a  clear  diatinctlon  between  is  jrt- 
gaget  and  pledget.  In  a  pledge  the  legal  title 
remaint  in  the  pledgor.  In  a  mortgage  it 
paiaet  to  (he  mortgagee.  In  a  mortgage  the 
mortgagee  need  not  have  potMtaion.  In  a 
pledge  the  pledgee  mutt  have  poaaetaion, 
though  it  be  only  onttnictive.  In  a  mortgage 
at  common  law,  the  property,  on  non-payment 
of  the  debt,  prwea  wholly  to  the  mort^^^;  in 
a  pledge  the  property  It  told,  and  only  to  much 
of  the  proceed*  at  will  pay  hi*  debt  pawet  to 
the  pledgee.  A  mortgage  it  a  conditional  con- 
verance  of  property,  which  beoomae  abaolate, 
ttnlcM  redeemed  at  a  tpecified  time.  A  pledge 
la  not  atrictlr  a  conveyance  at  all,  aor  need  any 
day  of  rademption  be  appointed  for  it.  A 
uoit(Ma«  can  tell  and  deliver  the  thing  mott- 
gaged,  tabject  only  to  the  tight  of  redamptkMi. 

IT  MiM. 


„  _._» r—w — .  ••  M»n»w»ed  kjLt  recovery  of 

ludfiMm  for  It*  vahM  mm  «« tag-  >■  *  bS;  )**v  *  ^- 
■07t ;  Mte.  Ydv.  «7.  a. :  I  M*.  i4f :  i  Kefc.  6*  t  *•• 
generally  Edw.  JoiM*  ft  Story  BaTlm. :  Kant  Coaai. ; 
Uct.  ig;  CWpm»a  ft  Panoa*,  Corwr.  a-Stmy  Balla. 
1 137.  «-Id.  I  140.  «-i  Brown  Civ.  Uw.  jiai  HaUf. 
Anal.  av.  Law.  fo.  v-Polk.  Pand.  1,  «7.  <.  «.  P-  "i  I 
I :  Pmh.  d«  Maadal  *.  i,l».  W;StorT  Ballm.  |  ifc. 
x-Wood  Civ.  Uw,  t4a :  1  Domat «.  >,  #.  15, M  >• '.  7. 
I :  Poth.  d«  Maadal  1. 1 1.  •«.  M-3«;  ,jr-»  U.  RayB. 

ej;  s  T.  R.  141:  4  J<*fla..»4i  •  Joha*;  Caa.  «•;  3. 
m  ~ 


Mct.ul;  sind.  I3«:  Id.  4"t  '•^••IWi  «»'" 
,  M*».  (Ky.)  37l;  "  Tana*.  i4«.    •-•  ti.  Raym.  019: 
;  Taunt.  5*3  i"  *•  »  AM-  "7!  •  ?'rSi».«'=  *  "■"• 
H.  K.  158,  4  B.  ft  C.  341!  a  Ad.  ft  E.  (36:  t6  How. 


HUl  (8.C.)  77, 
Cu*h.  43!  I 
PM.tl 


WtMl.  «»:  3  Hill,  itai 
Tj  4  RawM,  3t4:  * 
la  Caan.  303 :  <  HMr.  ft  J.  146:  4 


r^.  a  N,  Y. 
0<^.  C.  C.  9 


IS.  (i-Swry'Rallm.  I  loi,  H  tf.  •-•  Stark. 
*»€.»  P.  3lj '««.»<.  ftV.  ly;  13  Wl*.  jj»4|^i 


«o5; 

trMoa:4i|.    ar-i* 
•S.    II-13  Barb.  a4i 


la;  II  M.  *  W.  lit!  13  WW.  mh:  • 
la.  An.  110!  i«  Id.  lut  S.B«w. 

:  JoM*  BaUa.  601.   /-•  Ad.  ft  E. 

_    (N.C.J4M:  If  Wa«l.  .5.    fc-3  ■■•>• 

lo*  1  4  *»P.  ids:  •  Ad.  ft  B.  lo!  10  Wau*.  msi  •**  3 
xStam.  tii;  *  Wlwat.  loa:  7  B.  Moa.  «• ;  tHiuvk 

RayiB.9a9i  «*  Jag.  U  ft  Ba..Jo«!  •  B.  Moa.  41s:  S 
ria.  4.  hM  Ptdi.  It*!  rwaa.  «i6 i  j  T.  R.  *i3 : 
MM  4 TauM.  {41!  Id  EaM.  |li.  M  la*t.  1^1  3  *V- 
II***  Va*.  S±  Ch.  Ir.  s>l  •  Mm^^C.  C.  •44:  • 
Whaai.  174.  •^  KaalCoiBBi.  304:  •  Taaat.  4«V  P- 
Story  Baftai.ia«a-i<4!  a  Mawia  C.  C  a4«  t  •  WhMt. 
174.    «-8wryAc.|4ii-    »-ld.|jo*. 


i  L 


BAILMENTS. 


tj} 


ik*  bImMlf  f  .xtponnilili- 

ih«  thing  In  a  nuon 
If  or  hi*  MTVknUi  Im: 

u  bound  to  UM  It  the 
ilertakM  to  um  tkill.' 
Jocn  not   k.lpulait   for 
intlentoml  to  tct  wiih 
incm  indicat*  the  vmi 

t  lo  r  •turn  good*  i1oc> 
ibility> 

m  ncg'lg«nc#  It  one  f<f 
tiff  mutt  thiw  It.* 
1m  contrar.k  may  be  liy 
ikniiat,ur7   before  cum 
)(  th«  undertaking ;'  by 
Inf  the  mandator;"  liy 
>  by  death  of  the  mm 
'  bankruptcy  of  either 
af  ttate  of  Ine  partieo  ;* 
tperation  of  law.' 
DOB  it  a  bailment  of 
luriiy  for  tome  debt  or 
sn  the  rlebtiir  deliven 
to  the  creditor,  to  be 
lebc  la  paid ;  and  upon 
o  meet  hit  oliligalion, 
o  ditpoae  of  the  pledge 
at  far  aa  it  will  go,  and 
kfier    full   payment,  to 

Minction  between  ntJit- 
a  pledge  the  legal  title 
gr.  In  a  mortgage  it 
m.  In  a  mortgage  the 
lave  poanctaion.  In  a 
mutt  have  poaacaaion, 
mctive.  In  a  mortgage 
operty,  on  non-paynent 
liy  lo  the  mortgagee ;  in 
told,  and  only  to  much 
pay  hia  debt  paaaca  lo 
age  it  a  conditional  con- 
rhich  beoomaa  abaolate, 
pecified  time.  A  pledge 
kocc  at  all,  nor  need  anv 
•  appointed  for  h.  A 
i  4ellv«r  the  thing  moit- 
thc  right  of  redemption. 
M  8.  ft  R.  in:  'T  Mijit. 
(Matt.)  01  ■  •-Btonr  Bailm. 
i  i«:  to  liafl.  Mi  whether 


04:  ■  (Ml.  C.C.  s^i  n 

llm.liei.f'My.  a-i  Stark. 
l4.ftV.  iit:i3W<*n4:* 
a.  ■!•:  i«  Id.  lu ;  S^Botw. 
•  Bafla.  <oi.  J^  Ad.  ft  E. 
:  If  WrMd.  ts.  k-3  lait. 
B.  to;  to  Wtot,  |M  I  tte  I 

r  i4ti  iM.ftA.  jii  lU. 

~     joi ;  •  B.  Mob.  41s    ' 


5  BUM.  ii«i  sT.  ».  tij; 
jIt.    ■■flaat.MlisBtr- 

Sii  «  Mail,  C.  C.  044:  • 
mm.  jot:  •  Ttnat.  4QV  P- 
Mata>C.Ca4«i(WM. 
r-Id.  I  see. 


A  ple(l>{ee  cannot  tell  and  deliver  hi^  pawn  until 
the  delii  it  due  and  payment  denicii.  I'ledge 
uiid  mortgage  arc,  th<-r«t»re,  different  in  law,* 

^Hy  ItimgiiU  froftrhf  may  it  pltUj^tii. 
Hence,  not  iNily  gouda  tiiii  chattel*,  and  money, 
hut  alto  negniialilc  |«per  may  lie  put  in  pledge. 
S«i  may  chote«  in  action,  patent  right*,  coupon 
iNindi,  and  minuicHpii  of  various  tortn '  A 
life  policy  of  inturance,  or  a  wife't  life  policy 
may  be  pl«lged.  S<i,  alto,  a  liank  car^  pledge 
the  notea  left  with  it  for  ditcount,  If  it  it  apuar- 
ent  on  the  face  of  the  notea  that  the  l)ank  I* 
ihcir  owner.  But  the  common  law  doet  not 
|iermit  the  |)ay  and  emolumcntt  of  ofKcert  and 
oildien  to  be  pleclged  from  public  policy.* 
I  lence,  probably,  «  nthing  Umnty  could  not  lie 
i)ledged,  on  the  ground  that  (lentiont  and 
liountiet  to  toldiert,  aailori,  etc.,  for  their  per- 
ainal  benefit,  cannot  Iw  pkdged. 

One  nuy  pledge  future  accettiont  to  exitting 
property!*  at  brickt  to  be  made  upon  a  brick- 
yard, in  tecurity  for  the  ute  of  the  tame  ;*  and 
the  product  of  a  fann  to  ba  held  at  tecurity  for 
ient.» 

A  pledge  in  tecurity  of  a  debt  doca  not  tut- 
pend  the  right  of  action  upon  the  debt,  unleu 
it  be  to  itipulated.' 

The  pledge  of  negotiable  tecuriticf  thuta  out 
til  equitable  defencet.' 

Coupon  bondi  pledged  are  not  to  be  collected 
by  the  pledgee,  but  told  in  the  market  ;*  but  he 
may  collect  the  interett  coupon*  at  they  fall  due.* 

A  bond  and  mortgage  tecured  on  real  eatate 
may  be  pledged.* 

where  an  illegal  debt  la  tecured  by  pledge, 
the  pledgor  cannot  recall  the  pledge  without 
payment  of  the  debt.* 

Factora  have  no  power  to  pledge  the  good* 
of  their  princlpalt,*  unlet*  that  power  u  ex- 
pretaly  given  fa^  ttatute.' 

The  pledgee  may  attign  the  good*  and  debt 
to  a*  to  tranafer  hit  interett.* 

A  Co-Plbix3bk  may  hold  a  pledge  for 
another  pledgee  alto,  and  it  will  be  a  good 
pledge  for  both.  If  the  pledge  be  not  liuige 
enough  for  both  debt*  after  aale,  and  no  other 
arrangement  be  made,  the  prior  pledgee  will 
have  the  whole  of  hia  dtbl  paid  before  any 
|mrt  of  the  proceed*  I*  applied  to  the  lubae- 
□uent  pledgee.  If  there  ia  no  priority  of  time 
tney  will  divide  ratably.  But  an  agi«eroent 
between  the  partie*  will  alwayi  determine  the 

■•3  Brown  Ch.  11:  Y*l«.  iiti  Prac.  la  Ch.  41a:  1 
Vm.  Ch.  3s8:  *  Id.  17*:  1  Buktr.  to:  Com.  Die. 
Htrigttgi:  I  JobM.  «k\  •  Id.  97:  *  Pfek.  607:  s  lU' 
«3:  3  Ka.  St.  tot;  eMatt.  4>9,:  t«  M«.  148 :  6  Pet. 
449:%  Baih.  jjt:  4  Waih.  CC.  4tl:  t  Ala.  (N.  S^ 
S5s:  9M<.to:  5K.  H  M,;  4  l),„io,  4(9:  s  BUekC 
w:  3  Mo.  s'A:  4  Barb.  491;  3  Tuat,  119;  1  Eda. 
Sal.  Cat.  101 :  I  Parte  m  Coair.  591,  W  Mf.  <-■  Vm. 
ini.  JT*:  «  taunt,  ttfl:  is  Mum.  3>».  S34:  *  BUckf. 
to* ;  7  Ma.  tt :  4  Denio,  *»i\*  N.  V.  443 ;  1  Slockt. 
667:  Wry  Batlm.  1*90.  ■-H.  Bl.  617;  4  T.  R.  148. 
V-i  Phdt.  »• !  4  MMon,  MS :  I  Pet.  (U.  S.)  44!. .  W-14 
Pick.  497.  «-«•  Vt.  4««.  yto  Pick.  117;  34  Vt.  I9: 
*]  Ma.  aoa;  it  Met.  *t4:  to  Ah.  335:  7  B.  ft  M.  1791 
i\a.  Aa.  344:  Id.  3»:  »4  »».  H.  rf?:  •  Omat.  Cat. 

a;  to  B.  Men.  a]9 ;  6  Cat.  A43 :  4  Ind.  4*S :  >o  Botw. 
:  ti  Iowa,  410;  7  MMh.  iss ;  1*  Ind.  4*7 ;  14  Ohio 
^.ittJtay,  7.    M-i  Bnulcy,  311. 
f^tine,  3Mi  9  Botw.  3t*;  Id. 


k^  Maiaa.  m-    •^ 


rightt  of  two  or  more  pledgeea.*  When  (km- 
teiwion  it  given  to  one  r.f  three  pledgee*,  to 
hold  for  ad  three,  the  other  two  have  a  con 
tiructive  (MMtettion,  whicn  it  e<|ually  bikmI,  for 
the  purpose  of  »!mring,  when  In  actual  {lotteo- 
tion  i  hence  the  mrre  manual  (MMtettion  of  one 
pledge  Will  not  give  a  right  to'diacharge  a 
whole  debt  of  the  holder,  and  -.  |)art  only  of 
hit  CO  pledgee'*.  So,  by  the  rule  of  con*tructive 
poatettion,  if  the  holder  ihould  bne  the  pledgii 
by  hit  own  negligence,  he  wouhi  be  liable  to 
hit  co-lMilee*  out  of  actual  pottewion,  aa  well 
at  to  hit  bailor. 

nri.iVMV  or  Pi.EWiK.  The  fint  etaemial 
thing  to  lie  done  i*  the  delivery  of  the  pledge 
to  the  pledgee.  Without  hit  |HH»e**ion  of  the 
thing  the  trantactiun  it  not  a  pledge.*  Hut  a 
conttructlve  [MMtewion  it  all  that  la  required 
of  the  pledge.  Ifence,  good*  at  tea  or  in  a 
warehoute  may  pa*t  by  trantfer  of  the  muni- 
mentt  of  title  or  by  tymbolic  delivery.  Slockt 
and  equiiable  interettt  may  be  pledged;  and 
it  will  be  lulRicient  if,  bv  proper  trantfer,  the 
property  be  put  within  the  power  and  control 
of  the  pledgeeJ  Slockt  are  usually  pledged 
by  drUvery  of  the  company't  rertificate,  leav- 
ing tbe  actual  trantfer  to  be  made  tuliaequcntly. 
But  ihe  joint  ttock  company  mutt  l>e  notified 
of  I  he  trantfer. 

s-'rima  fatit,  if  ihe  ple<lgee  redeliver  the 
pl<-(lge  to  the  pledgor,  thiid  partiet  without 
n'  tice  might  regard  the  debt  aa  paid ;  ttiil  thit 
prcaumption  may  be  rebutted.  A  temporar) 
redeliv  ry  lo  the  pledgor  maket  him  only  the 
agent  or  bailee  of  the  pledgee,  and  the  laltei 
does  not  loae  hit  ipecial  property  or  even  hit 
constructive  pottetaion.* 

It  it  no  obiection  to  the  validity  of  a  pledge 
that  the  creditor  hat  lufiicienl  tecurity  for  the 
payment  jf  the  debt ;  he  is  entitled  to  hold  «li 
hi*  tecu.  i'ics  until  the  debt  it  paid.' 

Factors  cannot  at  commo..  Inw  pledge  his 
princiial't  goodt,  aiid  the  principal  may  recover 
them  from  the  pledgee't  hands.*  This  power 
it,  by  statute,  subject  to  varinui  modification*, 
given  lo  factoii  in  many  Statet.*  See  Gbnekal 
Statutes. 

Holding  the  P:.eix;r  7or  other  Debts. 
A  pledge  cannot,  in  general,  be  heH  for  any 
lither  debt  than  that  which  it  wot  given  to  *«'• 
cure,  except  on  the  s|>ecial  agreement  and  cou- 
•ent  rl  the  parties.* 

$39.  41-4  Allen,  139.  •■«  T.  R.  Aim:  Stsry  Bailm.  1 
U5 :  3  B.  ft  A.  <i6:  j  B.  A  C.  141 :  i*  Momi.  3*9;  i  M* 
&  S.  S40,  4t«;  6  Id.  i;  *  Johns.  Ch.  4*9;  it  Kent. 
Comm.  (!•$ :  }  Cuth.  111 ;  IBM  quwtion  It  rcry  Killy  dla- 
cinted  In  Partoni  Mtril,  L  }6j.  f-7  B  ft  C.  317;  k 
M.  ft  W.  S7e ;  »  M.  ft  R.  n ;  3  Danlo,  47* ;  4  lo.  3*3 : 
>  Saodf.a.  ir-to  rick.  399:  Stwy  Wim.i  3*4?^ 
Met.    h-ii  Matt.  1*1.    I-17  Me.  343.    J-ii  Mar*.  y» ; 

10  Pick.  4o« :  ti  JT  H.  i9(( '  t  N  T.  

k.$Bliw.<N.C.)i  '       -      -    -  - 


.  403 ;  7  Hill.  497. 
:  11  Enc.  I.,  ft  Eq.  jSi ;  3  Whan 
Sanf. 


.  3a  Me 

end.  til 


til ;   1 
Sir. 


i4«.     l-t 

6  M.  ft  8. 


int. 
jji;  5  Hui 
Whaal.  390 

i:  3  BInth.  «».  >'li  »  B  ft  £.63}:  «'B.  ft  C.ji  1 
M'CoKi,  1  i  6  Met.  (Man.) « -  to  JohB*.  491 :  4  H-  ft 
M.  43«  :  18 .Mo.  147,  «9i ;  11  How.  M9,  e«6.     ■-7  B.  ft 


18  Mo.  147,  «9i ; 
C.  SI7:  «M^ftW.57»j  tM.  ftR.  •■';  3j)mW,)7a: 


'  '47. ' 

.ftW.s;  .       ^ ^, 

■  Sanf.  «.    •■7  East.  OT4:  «  T.  R.  tsi: 
"■i.)4«6;  ij  Mm*. 
I  Ban  Comm.  tt. 


4  Id.  3*3;  ■  Sanf.  «.    •■7  East.  OT4: 
Vet.  Ch.  vrt;  6  Id.  »t6:  7  Port.  (Ala.) 
389;  t  Ldgh.  493;  uBaA.  5|6;  tea  a  I 


mr* 


I  iMa'WiaiiiiiainiAaiim-.**^ 


■I» 


BAtLMtNTS. 


I 


m 


f 


A  pl«dgM  It  no*  rMpon 
f,  unim*  h«  r«fu««*  to 


LOM  OV  PtUMI. 
libU  for  Ihaft  or  robtMry, 
raturn  ih«  jfiKidf  after  Ihe  ballmtnl  t«|)lrt*.* 
Ijom  bv  ihalT  I*  prim*  fafit  tvuUnc*  »i  •  want 
of  ordinary  care,  aiut  Inc  lj«il««  ntait  r«bul  (h« 
prcaumptltm  (  lh«  factt  in  cacK  caaa  rcgulal* 
lK«  llabllllv.  ,Th«ft  U  only  tvldcncc,  in  tbuH, 
and  not  aiMolute  prttumiition  of  nrglig«nct. 
Parhap*  th«  only  Mf«  rule  it,  that  wher«  ih« 
pledgee  |ilend«  loa?.  by  theft  a*  a  ground  for  not 
performing  hl«  diilv,(ocicu«e  himaelf,  he  mu*t 
thow  thai  the  iheft  could  not  have  been  pre- 
vented by  ordinary  care  on  hi*  part.  If  ih« 
bailor  (hould  ataert  in  hi*  complaint  that  ihe 
pledge  wan  lott  by  the  bailee't  fault,  he  would 
M  compelled  lo  prove  the  charge  aa  laid. 
*  Prophty  in  thk  PLBiwiB.  A  pledgee  hat 
at  common  law  a  inccial  pniperty  in  the  pledge, 
and  it  enlilled  to  the  exclutive  poMculon  of  It 
durina  the  lime  and  for  the  objectt  for  which  it 
It  pledged.  If  a  wrong- doer  lake  the  ple<lge 
from  him,  he  it  not  thereby  outle<l  from  hit 
right.  Hit  tpecial  property  it  envugh  for  him 
to  tupport  replevin  or  trover  acaini^t  the  wrong- 
doer. Me  hat,  moreover,  a  light  to  action  be- 
caute  he  I*  responsible  lo  hisjpledgor  Ibr  proper 
cuttody  of  the  bailment.  The  pledgor,  alto, 
may  have  hit  action  againtt  the  wrong  -ioer, 
reating  it  on  the  ground  of  hit  general  proiwrty. 
A  judgment  for  either  pledgor  or  pledgee  it  a 
bar  againtt  a  limilar  action  1^  the  other.* 

The  bailee,  having  a  apccUl  property,  wtsts- 
m  only  the  vahi :  of  his  tpecial  property  aa 
againtt  the  owner,  bat  the  valua  of  the  whole 
properly  aa  againtt  a  ttrMtger,  and  the  balance 
oeyond  the  tpecial  property  he  hoidt  for  the 
owner.t  So,  If  the  owner  begiiu  the  action  and 
recover*  Ihe  whole  dcmagaa,Tncluding  ihoae  for 
dtprivation  of  postestion,  it  mutt  b«  with  the 
ootucnt  of  the  pledgee. 

A  pledgee  mav  bring  replevin  or  trover  againtt 
the  pledgor  if  tn^  latter  remove  hit  pledge  be- 
fore p*ying  th«  debt,  and  tbua  injure  the 
irfadgee'a  righta,  on  the  ground  that  lh«  owntr 
nai  p«rted  with  hit  abaoTute  right  of  ditpoaing 
of  the  chattel  until  he  Laa  rwumed  it  from  iu 
tUtt  of  pledge.' 

Redimption.  Where  no  definite  day  U  ap- 
pointed the  pledge  may  be  redeemed  at  any 
tint.  In  the  abtence  of  a  ttatute  to  the  contrary ; 
himce,  if  the  pledgee  himtelf  do  not  give  notice 
to  the  pledgor  to  rvdeem,  the  latter  hat  hit  whole 
lifetime  in  which  to  do  ao;  and  hia  right  of  re- 
demption rarrivca  and  goea  lo  hia  repraaenta- 
tivea.» 

Salr  or  Plroob.  If  the  pledgor  fail  to  pev 
the  debt,  the  pledgee  mey  leit  the  {dedge.  A 
demand  of  payment,  however,  mutt  be  made 
before  the  aafe ;  and  if  the  pledgee  mentiooa  no 


Vi. 

4*< 


•-B.N.  P.  710:  «Co.  S};  Ydv.  ■;•;  ■  Each,  4*0:  s 
t-  SJ*ilJ«h>t-  t^i:  *  nok.t*;:  liohm.ftfi  4Ca<v. 
Ii !   a  Vtt.  Jr.  i;*,  yH :   Story  Kq.  Jur.  H  imo,  mt. 


»$i  •Mil 
S  ■•St.417-    »*W. 


N 
us: 


"ijVtiioi.    a-if  Cona.'JM.    »-«T»i»««,  •«•;  i 
ir.ioat   mN.B.>»6:   h  N,Y.  I 


MlL( 

11^.  Val  61  trevar  Aa  duaaaat 
■ia*Mr  ibaa  tha  aaMuat  (ri*  taa  1 
darivat  BO  dllt  nadar  tha  pMpir. 


■8.-.,=*.'r4m 

Ottl.  7:   >l  Ma. 


js:   (M'Cord. 

ratovaraj  c«mo>  be 

dibt,  l<  tha  dathndant 

4Btri>.  «■:  ijn. 


time  of  tale,  he  may  demand  at  <^ce,  and  may 
•all  In  a  reaaonabia  lima  after  demand.'    Tha 

f)ltdge  mu^t  >)•  told  at  (Hibllc  auction,  and,  if  it 
>a  ithriMbIa,  only  enough  mutt  be  told  to  |iay 
Iha  debt.  In  gan«ral,  alto,  tha  pledgaa  mu«i 
nol  buy  the  pIciTgp  whan  (mii  up  at  auctitm.  II* 
muat  not  bid  ^h»  fiJr  and  bring  up  Iha  pawn. 
Still,  Ihe  purchata  of  the  pledgee  it  not  in  ilM>tf 
void,  Imt  voidablr  at  the  riectlon  of  Ihe  pUdgor, 
and  tha  latter  may  ratify  tha  |iurchaar  by  rrcciv 
ing  the  turplut  over  the  dclii,or  avoid  it  liy  re 
futlng  to  do  to )  the  plcdurr  may  charge  the 
pledge  with  etpentvt  ii|;l>  Hillv  incurred,  it 
coalt  of  tale,  etc,  If  ihr  edge  when  told 
toma  fdt  d»c«  not  bring  riiougli  to  pay  ih« 
ticlrt.  the  pictlgre  hat  ttlll  left  a  goo«l  claim 
againtt  the  pledgor  for  ihe  balance.* 

TRANtrKR  or  PLtixioa't  Intirut.  The 
ple<lgor  may  tell  or  trantfer  hit  right  lo  a  third 
party,  who  can  bring  trover  againtt  the  pledgee 
if  the  latter,  aftct  trnder  of  ihe  amount  of  hit 
debt,  refute  to  deliver  the  pawn.*  A  creditor 
of  the  pledgor  can  lake  only  hit  Intcrett,  and 
mutt  pay  the  debt  l>eforc  gelling  the  pawn.  The 
pledgor  t  general  pro|)ciiy  in  ine  pawn  may  be 
sold  at  any  lime  on  execution,  and  the  pur- 
chaser or  aatignee  of  the  pledgor  tucccedt  to  the 
pledgee't,  and  may  himtelf  redeem.  A  pledgee 
mity  ditpnac  of  the  pledge  in  payment  of  Ihe 
debt  at  maturity.*  A  pledgee  may  attign  a 
deM  and  pledge  togethtr.* 

U«R  op  Pi.ri><;b.  The  reatonable  uta  of  a 
pledge  it  allowed,  provided  It  be  of  no  injury 
or  peril  to  Ihe  bailment.  The  reason  it,  that 
where  ute  of  the  pledge  it  beneficial  to  it,  <M 
cannot  depreciate  It,  the  content  of  the  pledgor 
may  fairly  be  prctumed,  but  not  otherwise.  U 
the  pawn  be  in  lit  nature  a  cltarge  upon  the 
pawnee — aa  a  horte  or  cow — he  may  nte  it 
moderately,  by  way  of  recompente.  For  any 
unutual  care  he  may  get  compenaation  from  the 
owner,  if  It  were  not  contemplated  by  the  par- 
tiet  or  implied  in  the  nature  of  the  bailment.' 
The  pawnee  it  answerable  in  danagea  for  en 
injury  happening  white  he  it  uilng  the  pawn. 
Still,  though  he  use  it  tortuoutly,  he  it  only  an- 
twerable  mr  action.  Hia  pledgee's  lien  it  not 
thereby  forfeited.*  A  pledgee  can  ciercitc  a 
horse,  but  not  loan  it  for  hire;  the  rale  It  that 
if  he  derive  any  profits  flTom  the  j^edge  they 
mutt  be  applied  to  thr  debt.*  Hence,  if  a 
tluve  be  pledged  as  (ectnrity  for  a  debt,  the 
creditor  mutt  account  for  the  profits  of  the  aUve 
and  atmly  them  to  extingulih  the  debt,** 

RBCKIPTOR.  A  reteiotor  it  a  person 
who,  when  goods  are  attachea,  becomet  surety 
lo  the  »(ficer  to  have  them  forthcoming  on  de- 
mand, or  in  tim«  to  respond  to  lue  Jiulgment, 
when  the  execution  (or  order  of  sale)  shall  be 

4<j.  e-j  Mo.  )■«  I  Call.  «oo.  t-GUnviUa  lib. «.  c.  4 ; 
<Bllj|h.  (N.S.)i]ti  tMed.  >7Sj  •  Johm.  Cli.  loo;  t 
Mnui.  3SI :  O  lll.,^i:  tDanio,  t«7;  sTaaat,  iia;  1 
Bcowna,  176:  •*?!».  40;  t  N.  Y.  443.  ■•Satbtlow, 
Tntmfcr  of  Ptadapr'i  tatt>«*e.  ir.9  Cow.  fa  1  13  kC.  A 
W.  lAa.  w-a  Ld.  Raym.  909:  Joaca  Baifaa^ «« aap- 
X-9  VI.  309 ;  14  Pick.  197 :  :i]  Id.  aid ;  g  WMd.  MS- 
jr-Ld  Rayai.  909 1  a  Mk.  $ta  1  Panaar  CoMr.  m. 
?-.♦  *!?*!>  Jli   *•  ""'P'V.  •"•     fc-W|Aa,  ss  J  M 


K- 


mmmmmmmmmsmum 


IMM 


■AILMCNTB. 


m 


mi  si  ijne*,  aiKi  n«f 
ittf  dtmMd.'  'Dm 
)llc  ■ttclum,  and,  If  li 
mu«l  Im  M>ld  |4|  |Miy 
It,  lh«  pivilgo  mu«i 
il  up  ti  aucikMi.  II* 
J  lifInK  up  lh«  pawn, 
iledgcc  i*  nut  In  llM>lf 
(-ctif>n  of  lh«  pUdgiir, 
c  INirchaar  by  rvcclv. 
•U,or  avntd  11  by  r« 
larr  m*y  charyt  the 


lurr  mi 

,1  'My 


Incurrtd,  at 
t  ieagt  when  ktlil 
ctu)UKn  lo  pay  ih« 
II  left  •  good  claim 
I  haUncc* 
HI  Intmut.  The 
ir  hit  right  tu  •  third 
er  aiiaintt  the  pledgee 
of  ln«  amount  of  hi* 
B  pawn."  A  creditor 
iiiily  hi*  iniereat,  and 
rttiiig  the  pawn.  The 
t  In  the  pawn  may  be 
•cutiun,  and  the  pur- 
Icdgor  iucccedi (o  the 
f  redeem.  A  pledgee 
le  in  payment  of  the 
Icdgec  may  aialgn  a 
a 

rMionable  a»«  of  a 
td  it  ba  of  no  injury 
Th«  rvaflcm  If,  that 
it  beneficial  to  it,  o( 
lonacn)  of  the  pledgor 
lut  not  othorwlM.  If 
«  a  cliarge  upon  the 
cow — he  may  uie  it 
^oinpenM.  For  any 
ompcnaation  from  the 
itemplated  by  the  par- 
:ur«  of  th«  Milmctfl.' 
lie  in  damagea  for  en 
e  la  using  tM  pawn, 
luotttly,  he  i«  only  an- 


I  pledgw't  licfl  It  not 
MgM  can  eacrciae  a 

hirt;  th«  rale  la  that 
IKmi  (he  picdgt  Ihey 

debt.*  Hence,  if  a 
mrity  for  a  debt,  the 
the  prafita  of  the  ala«4 
uiah  the  debt.* 
re^lotor  ia  a  person 
tcbea,  bccoaie*  surety 
n  forthcomhig  on  de- 
Nid  to  tiie  Jvagment, 
trder  of  aale)  aniall  Iw 

<.  «-CUn«iUelib.a.c.6i 
■7} I  (Johm.  Cti.  mo;  i 
to,  MTi  jT«»aa,ii9i  i 
N.  Y.  443.  M-S**  mIov, 
•9  Cow.  « I  I)  K.  /I 
«a  Bailai^M  H  «f . 
*i4 :  o  Wimd.  M' 
•a  s  tunem'  CoMr.  m. 
'.tu.    ^WfdMiM:  If 


:   Jon 


JMuad,  ttfwn  whld^  the  gooda  are  balled  to 

him.« 

The  practice  of  delivering  |»i>pert«  aiitthed 
la  «  ImiIco,  fur  Mfakcetitng,  mii<!  nave  lieon 
.  .wval  with  the  |Mracllco  nt  makinii  «ila«.hm«nl«, 
li  I*,  In  li«  nature,  a  •im|>lf  depiNii,  a  i|«llv«ry 
i>(  the  proiwrly,  tu  be  k*|ii  liy  the  d«|Hi«itaiy, 
without  c»nipan*alion,  until  called  fur  liy  the 
iil.tthlng  ofHcari*  a  |ir«cli<;«  which  ia  not  otily 
I  iwful,  but.  In  a  high  <legre«,  utefut  and  conve 
iiii'ni.*  It  la  nut  nece»<ary,  l>ut  l«  i>«tt«r,  tu  take 
fi  iin  the  bailee  a  writing  aiknowk'dgiiig  the 
r  'iei|it  and  promialng  to  ra-dellver  the  property 
l<i  the  iiAicer  un  drmaml.' 

■eeetys  (ee  AIUmIimI  rvwMU'tjr. 


;.} 


In  Ike Ceitrt. 

C.  0.,eaf«n4ant.    ) 

ftaaa  — — ,  DaM .    Il*«alva4  of  C.  C  ,  sen- 

•labia,  of  — ,  )•  aeM  taunly.the  rollewing  |we^ 
«r<y,  bif  ulm  alta«he4  la  llta  abeve  an«l«la4  aalton, 

lo   wit  I  (k»ri  MtltruMrfy  JtitrUt  tkt  ^rt^rty,  w 

ii.^mtt  UntijM  J  promlaing  ta  redeliver  aueb 
property  le  aeld  oAear  on  eemand.  ■.  a. 

Usually,  a  friend  <>f  the  defindant,  though 
ilie  plaintilT,  may  hcoime  liailee.*  The  iMlJee 
h  i»  no  power  lo  *ell  the  goiKi*,'  bun  mutt  return 
•lie  identical  article*  delivered  lo  him,  or  pay 
(he  debt' UDon  demand  i^  and  he  I*  liable  lo 
lite  officer  for  the  profteriy,'  ur  its  full  value," 
>ir  the  extent  of  the  ufficer'*  liability,*  or  Ibr 
'Umage*.*  He  is  the  servant  or  agent  uf  Ihe 
..(Rcer.* 

If  the  bailee  alMndon  posaension  and  cue- 
iiMly  of  the  property,  and  il  Is  attached  by  an- 
other officer,*  or  come  into  poeaesslon  of  an 
.iilvene  claimant,'  Ihe  lien  of^  the  ftnl  atlakh- 
iiient  is  lost. 

An  officer,  bv  the  levy  of  an  attachment,  ac- 
<|iiirea  a  special  property  in  the  gtMxIs  seised, 
which  Is  not  lost  by  the  iMilmeni,*  and  he  l>e- 
tomes  liable  for  them,  at  the  tenninaliun  of  the 
^uit,  either  to  the  plaintiff*  or  defendant  ;*  but 
not  to  the  plaintiff  wlierc  the  bailee,  nominated 
and  approved  by  such  ptaintilf,  is  in  default.* 

Pr^trly  mmy  tt  rHuriutt  to  the  person  in 
whose  possession  it  waa  found  or  to  the  defend- 
ant upon  the  eiecution  of  an  undertaking  for 
its  return  tu  Ihe  officer  ■  required  by  law. 
This  underulcing,  like  the  beilmenl  of  attached 
property,  doe*  n»t  discharge  the  lien  of  the  at- 
Uchmcnt.*  Property  thus  bonded  cannot  l>e 
seised  under  another  aitachment,  or  under  a 
junior  execution.* 

TBLBnRAPH  COMPANIM.  The 
electro-magn«Mic  telegraph  is  an  instrument  or 
apparatus  which,  by  means  of  iron  wiren  eon- 
ducting  the  electric  fluid,  conveys  intelligence 

•■S^.,"*""  » 'V .  ♦•'<•»»,•«•  ••iN.  H 
4ji.  Sx  Vi. o!  )i  Uiim,  nn:  «» ffisa.  4W ;  *}  Ark. 
it.    ••■*  N.  H.  Ml-    lMo(Sn«.  >».    W  Vi.  I  J.   J. 


*^°'~"j  U,*  L  *^*»^-  *ir  'V  Vl.  lit      «.,< 

H-  ,r*  rtA.  m.  b-i  u.  CB#.  ii i  W.  •*»;  4 
i  SM.  ad);  •IdCi):  isM- )toi  itM.4Hi  s 


lo  anv  given  disianre  wllh  the  veloeity  of 
lightning' 

A  teUgisph  i*  a  metaage  «anl  by  telegrsiih,* 
a  telegraphic  n»'»age,  diapaich,  or  communUa- 
lion. 

The  lelegra|>h  I*  a  machine  for  communi- 
cating inielngenie  htun  a  diilanie  by  various 
•IgnaT*  or  movement*  |>revi>iii*ly  agreed  ont 
which  algnaU  repreaenl  leltan,  wikiU,  i>f  Itleaa. 
which  can  be  translated  (mm  una  tiaiion  to  an- 
other, as  far  aa  the  signals  can  be  Men.  ThM 
machine  was  invented  by  the  French  about  the 
year  i79J-94.  The  electro  magnetic  telst/raph 
la  an  apparalua  fur  communicating  woriia  or 
language  to  a  diaiaiice  by  the  use  ui  electricity 
as  atauve  tialetl. 

Telegraphic  communications  must  be  proved 
In  the  same  manner  as  other  writings,  such  aa 
letters  and  coniracu,  are— that  is,  Ity  the  origi> 
nat.  If  that  is  I<jsI,  It  may  be  |>ruve<l  liy  cofiy. 
ur,  In  default  of  that  being  obtainable,  by  ursi 
testimony.*  Hometlme*  the  iieraon  to  whom  It 
is  addressed  is  In  the  office  when  li  is  received  | 
In  such  case,  if  It  Is  nut  reduced  to  writing,  Il 
can  only  be  proved,  like  other  matters  resting 
in  parol,  by  Ihe  recollection  of  ihe  witnesses  in 
whuae  hearing  il  was  rapeated.* 

Whera  both  parties  agree  lo  communicate  l>y 
telegraph,  each  assumes  the  risk  of  his  own 
messages.*  If  one  employ  a  special  operator, 
he  assumes  the  risk  of  transmission  )*  it  Is  his 
own  act  by  his  agent.*  Notice  that  the  com- 
pany will  not  be  responsible  for  mislskes  in 
unrepealed  messages  is  binding.*  Hut  they  are 
always  responsible  fur  ordinary  neglect.*  Com- 
panies can  only  be  regarded  as  Insurers  of  the 
accurat7  of  raueated  messages,*  and  responsible 
whera  specially  cautioned  j*  but.  generally,  are 
not  responsible  for  erron  in  unrepealed  mes- 
sages, excejM  on  proof  of  neglicwnce  ur  want 
of  skill.*  They  ara  not  reapoiuiole  as  common 
carriers,  and  may  limit  responsibility  lo  iheir 
own  lines  and  to  rapeatea  meseages,  if  nol 
guilty  of  negligence.*  It  ia  the  otity  of  the 
cum|Mny  lo  transmit  the  neaiages  promptly  and 
fairly.  The  company  must  make  gocd  Ihe  lose 
resulting  directiv  from  aiav  default  on  their 
pan.'  So,  also,  in  cases  of  failura  to  send  mea< 
sages  by  talegraph  companies,  acco-ding  to  their 
duty  and  nnaertaking<i 

Whera  a  merchaaf  in  San  Francisco  receivae 
a  telegraphic  message  flrom  New  York,  which 
leads  him  into  a  purchase  Involving  inevitable 
pecaniary  loss.  Kuch  aa  wtmid  not  have  occurred 
but  for  an  error  in  Ihe  transmission  of  the  mes- 
sage. Ae  is  not  compelled  lo  seek  through  an 


N,  H.  M: 
Pkk.  ]t«i 


ra  Id.  oj 
I  Vi,  / 


I]  Ma*a. 


OBOV 


.j   soConn.  j<4:   si 
ivaciwd.    ii-«  N.  H. 


■  4«.  sr-ie  Flek.  lao;  so  Mats*,  ill  j  ai  Id.  u*:  *4  Id 
•w.  «r-soMI*a.<asi  laAla.  !)»:  <AU./N.S.>4S 
rMo.  4iii  t  IILaMi  mPM.4»:    m  Humph.  (T«nn.| 


jr-9.  W.  B.  Mons.    a-WabaMr  Diet.    »-*a  Vt,  it* ;  «i 
V.  4STi    »  MMa.  Mt,     fc-teVi 


•-41  Barb. 

Barb  4«). 

f-M  Pes*.  M.  aa*.    iri) 

)  Am.  Law  llsa.  (N.^.) , 

4}  Bsfb.  »y4.  Ihii  mm 

>>'4*t-   l-«*  ■•"h>  Ubi 


VTJ    )7  Mms.  Mt.      S-aeVl.    *T. 
?man,  441 :   9  Haw,  md.     m-is 
•■U  ICng.  L.  t  E^.  Ik :  8.  C.  ty  C.  8.  j. 
St .  si*.  Ifi]  Allen  ss« :  1  Ma«.  (Kv.)  1*4 1 
tflti  8.  C.i  Daly  C.  >.»*»( 


I«h.|sjj  iyMe.41*. 


■Alt.MRNTt. 


it 


Sit 


MtoNtlv*  t*»im  of  taUgrsfiltlc  ctMnniiinkailun 
to  Mcartrtin  wiMrfa  iIm  crnir  wM  mail*.  ^«^^  lh« 
orHMiMny  lu  wKlch  tk«  m««Mm«  wm  urigtnally 
il«llv«f»«i,  4n<l  In  which  lh«  whulf  lomiwnMltMn 
dif  lU  (XU«  WM  |Ml<l,  t»  lialil*       Having  |<««.u 


llM  f*i-)IUiM,  lh«   uhtiKallun   I*   then   uivm  lhi« 

lh« 
illlriMl*  rMW 
wh«r«  11  twlonn*.'     i'h«  (Mtiy  •iiiiil 


ttCI'U 


lu  Mcarftatn  wh«r«  aiiil  huw  Iha  trritf 
■ml  i<i  hi  lh«  Mliimai*  r«»iiun«i>Mliiy 
U<l  to  ra 
cuv«r  ptnaliy  l«  ih«  cunlraciing  \mnr.'  Ii  t* 
ih«  duty  m(  ih«  cum^ny  lo  Mr«a  all  wilhuot 
dltcrtmlfiailun  or  ptvfcrvmca  ■  SUtitlury  pru- 
hllMlttNi  a||*ln»t  (liwl<Ming  Iha  Mcrata  u(  lh« 
oflica,  or  ccMiimiinltaiii«|]  maMagM,  d<ja«  not 
tatanil  In  a  dhM,Uwure  a*  a  wiinaaa  In  •  cutirl 
•(  juoilca  ■ 

Plating  |Hitta  In  Iha  highway,  without  lagUU- 
live  aulhorltv.crcala*  a  nul*anc«,*bui  lalrgra|ih 
pulaa  uiKe  legally  a«lal>li>h«d  In  Iha  highway 
RMinut  aharward  Iw  ramuvad  or  iraatad  ai  a 
pwbiic  nultanca."  Thair  right  to  "mm directly 
aertiaa  a  railway  "  do««  not  jutiify  inair  Ixiring 
undar  il  *  KraciingpuMiin  a  highway  without 
la(ialativ«  aalhurity  U  a  nulaanca,  avan  if  luiK' 
ciani  tprca  ramala  for  Uia  iNuaaga  of  lr*«tl.' 
TBMWBAI*!!    r«M»k 

<4j  Jtl*in'*4  kf  »»mtbr  l»  /*«  C«<Vaa/«  At*<t 

Thb TiLwiaArH  ('iiMi-*H« 

AM  waatMgaa  laliaii  ky  ihta  Camfany  aul^aai  !• 
th4  Mtcwlng  laraaa  i 


l«,  lilranplMd 
iirl«f»n      fii*  till*, 


1'u  guard  naalml  mWialiM  or  <Mair«,  iK*  Miidar  of  • 
aw*Mi«a  •hovu  unlar  li  lapMiad .  inai 
hack  M  llm  ortglaailng  uMtc*  for  comwii 
mia  hatf  th«  ragvlar  niM  i«  «.lt*r||Ml  In  wldltina  li  I* 
ujrWMl  balwM*  llw  Miidar  of  iha  falinwliig  ■■<•*•«■•  •nd 
ikh  company,  \^M  lald  cant|Mi<y  tiiall  mM  b«  lUal*  br 
Mi*t«lia<  or  d«ia)n  In  iha  IninwnlMlaa  or  dallvny  or  for 
■Hm-<t«li*«ry  of  aay  uara|wala4  iwiHK,  whailur  hap 
paalng  by  aagliMiMa  of  in  urvann  or  oilwrviM,  iMyund 
iha  amiwM  ractind  fW  Mndlng  iha  ••«■• ,  nor  lur  mla- 


llna 
laka*  or  4«lay«  in  iha  inuwinlMkm  or 

I  Air  tl*lay«  ariaing  f^otn  waMvk\- 
«f  <S«r 


or  aallrarv,  or  nr 
noii-dalivary  <^any  lapaatad  iiMw««a  bayoM  My  liaiM 
Uw  auin  ra«*tT«d  for  MmKaa  iha  uaM.  unlaaa  •ptcialijr 


la 


iblv  uaMmipilna  fa  iha  wn'lili 
arron  I*  clnhat  or  atwcitr*  tif 
■any  \%  •.<r«hy  nia<a  iha  afiM* 
liablltiy    ><)  forward  aay  naai 
oihar  tumpany  whan  aacaMai 


,.  Una*,  or  for 
And  ihU  Com- 
ttmkr,  wlihoul 
o«ei  tin  llnaa  of  aay 
raach  ita  daMlnatlon 


Corrccii  ou'Ib  tha  iraaamiiMlaa  of  ■■■nfi  lo  any 
>«lpaar  can  b*  uwurad  by 


flitefll. 


point  un  ro  lliMa  of  ihia  (  .,  , 
cB<itra<  t  •»  wHiine,  t«ailn«  (nnd  a-noual  of  rlab,  and 
paymcni  lA  ■■r<emiu«i  ilivr'  n  ai  Iha  following  ratat,  >■ 
additifi*  10  ih*  vwiwl  charr  for  rtfraalaJ  lauaffa.  v(i  : 
nta  par  oani.  Tm  any  diam  <  •  aot  aioaadlng  i  .uod  mli«« 
•hJ  tafo  par  rent.  fi«r  >'  y  gnalar  dialaafa.  No  «n 
of  ihc  i  ompany  »  aulhorlwd  lo  vary  iha  (nr»- 

.  CoiBMny  wiU  not  ha  liabla  for  dawiign  In  any 

I  whara  ma  claim  ia  n«t  piaaaaiad  hi  wrtung  wlilsin 

TC  V7,  jaanrtafy.  9.  9. , £rtjkln>i . 

Plaaa  — ,  Oatm  — . 
HMd  «h«  ifoilowtBg  Maaaae*  au^am  to  Om 
■koM  «anM  whtak  ara  agrooA  to. 

To  «.  Km  •»  — .  •» . 

(Mrav  c»**»  Mwtraofr.) 

(%**•/)  t-It. 

VolawMuMi  ■—■TO    aoHOwa  rairaa. 
A I  ri'tlH»rHltf  mmhr  I*  CtmMmf  t  Aitml 

r»» TaLaoaarH  CSmrainf. 

Ail  mcaaagaa  tahaa  by  thla  Comyaayaabjact  to 
Mio  fellr  viag  tarma : 

*,  P.,  Prtti-ttml.  •.  V.,SnrHmry 

Ml.    n-aFar..       ay*.    •^Cao  C.C.  iy«!  S.t*  t 
rW*.  ».;  W«    ,*"  »•*.  fH  •.  C  9Jm.  (M. ».)  fl}. 


la 


At. 


by  I    TloM    I  Haa'dby  I       Cbaab 
i,     I     M.M.     I     W.   U         «»da    pd   (a. 


I     «»i  J  >^  < 

^  -    Oala  — . 
taiMl    tha   hrllawing    maaaaaa   a<«b|aal  Ip  ||M 
abova  larma  wkuh  ara  agraao  to. 

fa  B.  M.,at  — -,  In  - — . 
(//«r»  awMr  /Aa  amai^fa  | 

Tol«crw^li  Waaaogo    MaMaml  f  wrni. 

•#■/ 
THa  —  TaiaiiKarM  (  nwranv 
Tha  rulaa  af  Ihia  Campany  ra^ulra  that  all  maw. 
aagm  racalvad  far  Iranaittlaalon  ahall  lia  wiiitaa 
on  tha  ntaaaaga  blanka  of  thia  Cumpany.  undar 
and  aublaci  tu  Iha  tondlilana  prinlad  iharaaa, 
which  londlilona  havo  baan  aaraa4  to  by  lb- 
aandar  of  Iha  loiktwlng  maaaaga. 

r.  I*,,  fPMH^mt  %.  ^..SMrttmrf 

Na    I  Mantby   I     lima     I    hat.  d  by  |        Cbatli. 


To 


o  t'l!,  at  - 


Htrt  yW/awM  tkt  aaaraaf*  mmt  \ 

TwIoflPMll  Wa— ■[■    *!»» 
Al  dtHlnrtdtif  Ik*  Ltmf»yt  I*  Ikt 


a«  'd  at  — .    Doy  — 
Vaof  — ,  Haor  — . 


I.  R. 

ior«l   Wmmm^ 
«  ^rum  It 


Tm*  ' 


TaLaoaarN  CuMaamr 
Nattaa. 


Thia  Compiony  iranamiia  and  dallxra  maMaBia  only 
o«  condlilima  limiting  ll>  llalillltv,  which  hava  baaa  aa 
aaniad  to  liy  ih«  aaodar  «l  iha  (■  il->«  Ing 

k>r<ir*  I  an  lia  giwrdail  a«aln«i  nnly  by  rapeatlng  a 
maaaaga  hatli  <»  tha  aandlna  iiail  hi  I'nr  lonparlaiin,  and 
liia  C'um|Mny  witl  luit  hi<i«i  ifvalf  liutila  ^»f  arnira  iir  da- 
laya  In  iranamla»l<>«  or  il«liv«ry  <*f  unrr paiiitH  iraaaagaa 

Thia  maaaaga  la  an  unrapaalad  mawaga  ami  ia  d«lv' 


arad  by  raqiiaal  uf  iha  aavlar  undar  iha  condllluaa 
abova 

•.  Y  ,  Swrvtery,  P.  I>. .  rrttUtnt. 

Ootad  at .  day ,  yoor ,  hour . 

■aaaivad  at ,  day ,  yaor ,  hour . 

Ta  — •.  at 

(H*n/ttlfm»  tht  mtimg*.) 

Hard  tha  Botlea  at  tha  top. 

Tolo«i«lil>  Vowawo-My  CmIiI*. 
Al  4tM¥»rnl  fy  unJtr  i,.  t»0  Ctmfmnf't  Afni, 

Tmb 'r»'      » • .  II  I  iiMramaa. 

Tarma  and  t<  'idltlona. 

All  maaaaagaa  d«>  'umI  fm  c»lnM  liayond  tha  Vinilad 
Slalaa,  via  ina   li'.aci  Itnliad  Suiaa  CaUa  Conprny, 
which  ara  tacaiwxl  by  ihaaa  Com|>anlaa  for  tnin>mlaai'jn 
wiU  ba  ao  racalvid  and  aaal  lorward  ovar  ihcir  lin«> 
ihalarmlaualharcof,  and  ihara  dxllvarad  lo  ih>  Dii 
Uniud  Blaiaa  CaMa  Compaay,  oa  iha  ftdlowing  wi 
and  coadlliena  o«l,' ; 

To  guard  agaiaat  aiKlahaa  on  Iha  Unaa  of  'Maa  <     « 
panlx,  tha  aaodar  of  aay  wch  maaaaga  aho     I  ordn    i 
rapaalad ;  >hai  ia,  lalagvaphad  back  rrnin  t 
oraald  liaaa  lu  tha  origlnaling  oMn     i' 


tarmlnus 

h  lenaat- 

airiba 

I  thair 

_    pa«i»« 

Than  Carpaalaa  wiH  ai>rataunM  any  iraiionalUlii* 

in  raaoaet  lo  any  ■■■aga  bayond  the  icrmiiiua  of  thaw 

llnaa :  and  ii  la  iigraad  batwaan  lix  iwndar  of  ika 

an7d 


Ing,  iba  aamlar  will  ba  chargad  in  addlm  >• 
t»4ual  loib  of  ibaaa  CompaaTaa  on  thai  |." 
llaaa  ovar  whkh  Micb  maaaaga  pataca 


own  ill 


following  aiaaaaga  and  Unaa  CoM^nlaa,  ihr:  «ild  Coa- 
paalaa  ahall  notte  llaUe  far  wialanaa  ordaiav^  in  Maw- 
miaaioa  or  daiivary,  or  for  i:-<n  daliva r«  «,  dm  CaMa 
Campany  of  any  itnrapaaiad  «<»>  'ga ,  uayofid  iha  aoMOM 
of  thai  portion  of  iha  cbargr  w :  ii  h  may  or  ahaH  accrtM 
to  thaa*  <  omponlaa  out  of  ih<!  ai  ant  r«c«l««d  from  ih* 
aendar  for  ihia  and  Iha  oihTr  d  ..  ,.ani«»  by  adiaaa  linaa 
•ttch  mcuaga  a»y  para  to  laaeh  lu  daalinatlon  and  thai 
ihaaa  Compantaa  ahail  not  be  Uabk  l<>r  mlaulica  in  Iha 
tranamiaaian  nr  daUvary ,  or  for  oon  .talivary  lo  liia  Cabit 
Company,  of  any  rapawad  laaaaan  bayond  dfky  limaa 
Um  axtra  aum  racdaad  by  Ihaia  Cooipaiiiaa  from  Um 

^-^  Ekch.  3<j :    S.  C.  aa  lag 


iy4i  if.ar 


R"y»..« «» •♦!.  >•«• 


aa  lag   L.Jt 


.^m^ 


mmmmimem 


f  It  tk*  frmt  tt 

(Mian  (hall  h*  wfiti«ii 
ihu  Cumpanv.  undtr 
tlon*  prinud  ll'«r««a, 
«an  agraaA  la  ky  ik< 
laaag*. 


•   V 


<    tMlli 


•c'4it— .    Bar—, 
Vaar  —  ,Naiir-~, 

Omwi')  ■.  R. 

»»M  CoMramr 

•■ 

ad  cl<lw>r«  maaMBia  only 
tlllv,  whirk  ltav<  ba<a  m 
(•  Uiialna  maaaac* 
ilml  "nly  liy  niwailng  a 
ait.m  lof  ii>r«|>arl«in,an<l 
m\{  litiMa  A'f  «rrurB  mv  dc- 
y  of  tinr«|i«Mi«i1  n'MAaMa 
klad  ina*M4|a  ami  I*  iiaU«' 
ndar  iha  coadiltua*  i 


P.  P../V«MM. 
— ,  hour  — . 
— I  hour  — -  • 


►p- 

iM— By  C^kl*. 

i>M  ((>Mr*mM. 

pitnn  ImvomI  iha  lfn4la<t 
I  Sum  Cabta  Coiaiwny, 
iHn|>»nla«fc>r  mmiiilMi'ti 
orwaH  ovar  iheir  lino 
ra  dftlivarait  lo  iha  Dl|t 
y,  oa  iha  Aillowiiig  t«ni>» 

on  tha  lliwa  of  ■  laaa  C-m- 
I  naaaaM  ih><  lonlrr  .i 
I  back  from  <i  larraintu 
I  ottaa.  Kor  >,„  h  raaMi- 
rd  in  addliii  n  on*  *  aff  IM 
a  wn  ihai  (Kiitton  ii  iMr 
■  paMM 

MMima  any  t«a|wml(>iill« 
and  the  Mrailuua  of  ikair 
Ktwean  iha  Miidar  of  ^ 
Jompaniaa,  ihri  uld  Cmb- 
tiiia'on  nrdalai  <  in  I 

aaa'ga,  uayundthaa 
rkidi  May  or  UmUI  accnM 
JMHOUW  i«c«lv«4  from  iha 
Com^Mtaa  by  wtwaa  lliiaa 
h  lu  dctiinalfon  and  ||>»I 
i:  liabk  (i>r  mliMkc*  in  ihe 
'  nan  Jallvary  m  th«  Cabk 
wiaaga  bayiind  lift)'  tiiMf 
Imm  Conpuila*  frnir  Um 

j»j:  *.  C.  a4  B»*  i>  • 
•4}>  <««■     v^  Co«  C  C 


:baCaMa 


lAII.MKNT* 


■nalaf  tw  rafaa^af  amU  «•«»(§§  a««f  Kifr  «"•■■«  I 
owl  ihai  iMaaCuatpaniM  tliall  *•■<  ha  liaMa  ia  ray  rata 
<«  4*lay«  arlalM  /i^tm  iHOrmiiiiaa  In  itia  wwi!  i<i«T7 
ik<t>  lliw*.  aiw  luf  •»%>•«  I.I  «ip«ar  i»  »!«»«••  T-i«aaii 
Ami  ikaaa  (  ««|m»I««  •ra  Naxby  •no.ki  iha  •«a>il  -t  iha 
a>rMlaf .  aiiKuMt  liahillir.  ''i  ftirwaxi  any  f<>«aaaga  'xar 
|H>  linaa  l.v  any  .ilher  .  m^oiy  l.i  laa-h  Iw  ilaailHallMn 
Ihaaal  umpaalaa  •ill  .,..■  I«a  li^hlal..*  dAw  laaa  ia  any 
taaa  allani  Iha  <lalii>  l<  rw.l    praaat   a<l   l«  »..  lag  oUliin 

•"'r  ■••»«  a**'  '•"  •••»*<'«  of  tit*  muum, 
f  P  .  /v«Mi„/    ¥vTjiw««#y 

No    I  HaMby 
♦J    I    A,  ■,    I } 


J ^  I    •"I  )  1 1  ■«. 


'  SaM  iM 
b«va  tariua 


(Wltowliif   moMttc*  aKUMt  i*  |||« 
_    _    _       -^htah  ara  acraMTM. 

To  R.  II     ai  -  _,  In  .  — , 


I  Ha  Tai  (..aArM  (  i> 


</mif. 

ItPAMV 


..  ,.  ^  "f^**  d»«»load  for  potnta  bayond  Iha 
vn\i»4  •ttica.  via  tha  AllaniU  aablaa  and  iha 
<ablaa  la  Cxb*.  whiah  ara  racalvad  by  Ihia  Com- 
pany br  Iranamlaalon.  will  ba  a*  raaaivad  and 
Mnj  farwatd  avay  lla  llnaa  to  iha  latmlnua  ihataaf. 
and  Ibara  dalivarad  la  iha  naal  connacllna  lata- 

■rapllaampany.anlyanlhalarinaand  vondlllona 
pfl«w4  an  Iha  Uab  haraaf. 

r.  F. .  /V>»Mra«  «   y  .  Sf.  'ttar, 

-      ,   .     .„  Ptaaa        ,  Daia . 

•aa4  Iha  fallawlna  moaaafa  aubjaai  la  larma 
and  aandlilana,  priniad  un  Iha  bach  haraof,  whIah 
ara  aaraa4  la  i 

Tarma  and  Condlllana. 

(.*a«M  •>  Im  frMtJing  /'rm.) 

Ta*.  Il.,al In . 

{H*r»  writ*  Dml  1*0  mtt^^.) 

(s^mnh     n.  a. 

A    ^Ty^ayyP."  '■••M*^  Bjr  tf,«la. 
At  ^ilhTtdt,  1A4  C»m^^  It  iht^,.m  I,  ,a«m 

.„       .J"'  Taiaoaam  C   itrAny 

_   ..  J!         "••••«••  raeaUr^  f«r  liaMmMtlaa 

Biuai  »»  n  an  Iha  maava,  a  blanha  prcvtdad 

"'^     any  far  Iha'   .luipoaa,  undar  and 

.»  M  Ih*  eandttlona  jinatad  tharaon,  and  an 

f5t:J??fJ*''  •'hlca    saodlMaiia   hava  baan 

**£«•■  «•  fcy  IM  aaadar  af  iha  follawtna  maaaaaa. 

i>a4IMaaa. 

io  guard  aniaai  n>wlaii(a    .n  Uia  linaa  of  ihia  Coai- 

""iii    l"?™'  ^  ""vy "'    "V  ••"»^«*  ««<•»  '«  •» 

P«»  ;  Ihai  la,  lalampkad  back  fcom  iha  tcrminix  of 
«W  tlaaa  10  iha  ortfnaila.  oOka.    r»r  .«,  h  rap,.,,  ,,. 

i.  ^  ~r  C°"P"».  »■  «••"  ponliMi  at  iu  Unaa  o*ar 
vhtch  MKh  aaaaaca  aaaaaa. 

Thia  Caa^N»y  »«  BOI  aaaasM  aay  reapenafbUily  in 
[S?**  S  W  "•••^.kayond  iha  la»«i«...  <rf  in  6>».> 
-TJJI!fJl"y?f^*""*'»*'*^'  ihafottitw 
•hall  BOI  ba  Mabja  for  mktakaa  .,r  delay,  |„  irtntmi^TI,™ 
»f  ;'«"»W,yf  fij»  nua  -i  hvary  t„  ih,  „„,  ,!«|na 

itlwruh  tuoipany,  ol  ...y  ii>.-p«aiad  aMnaaa.  b? 
yund  Iha  aaHMinl  afihai  p<,ifl„.  ,,r  iha  SflTrtiliih 
may  or  diall  a.^nH  u>  ihi  tomp*  ,y  out  JSaamaiMii 

panMi,  by  wboaa  linaa  Utah  aiaaiaga  may  aBt><  lo  raach 

BaWa  for  mlatakaa  in  tha  iraoaaii...,.,,  ,  d,liv«.,  or  Cor 
ooB  ^allvaiy  iu  tha  not  coaoatting  !  d«rai*  Com- 
pany, ol  any  rapaatad  BMaaag..  bayond  (IftTtlm*.  L 


•i*-'??"'?  *"•"  •"'  ■•  ^Wa  in  any  c»a«  for  -f.la« 
•ritinc  froBlniarrupilaoa  In  iha  vorhfnta  of  lu  llnST 

oul  ilabUty,  to  forward  any  maaaaga  ovar  iha  III 
*"'fi?"5f  tompany  to  raach  jta  dwtinaiion. 

'!i?"f "'  '•  """  "•  *«  '••'>••  *>r  dunaaaa  h 
caaa,  irtMia  iha  claim  It  aoi  praacmad  In  anItlM. « 
**ity  ilaya  alUr  tb«  ttiiAnf  of  itia  mcaoafi,  ^ 


of 


■•aal««4  at  —a. 


Tan.  ■.,•! — .        ( 

Day  — .  Vaar  ~ 

(/*♦*  jmUtvM  ikt  mtutt*  *>  •*•'  I 

(t^a^Vl        9,  ■, 
,    ,  ,Tala«r«»li  Haaa««a    (Akl-a. 
Ai  iA/Mwrt  /ly  <4r  iM>/nay  M  Ma  /rrwa  «a  wAaM 

Taa  — .  aan  —  laianatrH  ruMPAaiaa 
Tha  rulaa  «l  ihaaa  Cumpanita  rai|ul«a  ihal  aH 
maaaagaa  r*cal»ad  for  liaiiamiaalun  ahall  ba  wrl|. 
Ian  an  iha  maaaaga  btanka  of  ihaaa  Campanlao, 
undar  and  aubjaci  la  Iha  tondlllana  prinlad 
Iharaan.  whi>.h  candlllana  hava  baan  agraad  la  by 
Iha  aandar  of  iha  rallowlna  maaaaga 

P.  P  .  /Vr.M'r./  f   Y  ,  WrrfarK 


Bata 

TaM.II..M-~..ki .    — ,  ,„ 

Klitr* /ttlmt*  fit*  mtnft  t*n*  1 


T«lawrt«|ili  Mai 

At  Jtlh^'nd  I0  t  'm 


,       .   rr  -         — _-       M«lf.||««a. 

AtJ>/h-,.nlu  I  -mtMrn,,  iftml  tf  fu^r 
Tha  •  Talagraph  Company  will  raaalva  maa- 
aagaa for  Iha  pfliialpal  alailona  In  Iha  Unlia'i 
aialaa  aaal  jf  iha  htlaalaalppl  rivar,  lo  ba  aant  dur< 
'."JR  "••  ?'«'"/  "*  •"•  •'•"  'ha  uaual  ralaa,  on  con- 
dition thai  Iha  Company  ahall  nol  ba  llabia  lot 
arrora  or  dalay  in  tha  tranamiaalon  or  dallvary,  or 
for  nondallvary  uf  auch  maaaagaa,  from  whalavar 
aauaa  occurring,  and  ahall  only  ba  bound  In  aush 
«aaa  la  raiurn  Ox  an  <  - 

Na  claim 
praoanlad  I 

P.  P.,  /V •>«»,.  p.  y,^  StfH»ry. 

No.  Maniby  I    Tlaa.    I  Rac'd  ky     .      Chaak. 


mount  paul  by  Iha  aandar. 


m  for  rcfundina  will  ba  allowad,  UAlaoa 
I  In  wrlilng  within  Iwanly  daya. 
V»W»/.  •.  v..  Sirrrrary. 


iand   Iha   fallowlnfl   maaaaga    aublaci    lo    tha 
abova  larma  whiith  arc  agraad  10. 

Ta  ■.  ■.,  at  — ,  In  — — . 

(Htrt  arrwr  Ikt  mu,,^^  )  (Signtd )        %.  R. 

Tel^i»|»fc  Ma«a«gt*-Hi»ir.B«t«. 

At        n-rtJ  tf  itnJtr  i»  CMwAiay'r  Aftnl. 

'••■ Tmai.aAPH  (.<iMr«NV. 

Tarma  and  Conlllliina. 

rha  bualnaa*  of  lalagraphmg    .  Il.bia  10  arrora  ta4 

d«l«v«   ariaing  from  caiuat  which  cannul  ai  all  timaa  ba 

«  i.uvldd  again.l,  inclitding  •oniallma*  nagligama  i.f  tar- 

>  aula  and  agania  whom  It  la  nciaaaary  to  amploy     Moat 

"l'!1  'P'^  ^^J*  "•'  '"  l"'"'«"i«'J  by  rapatiiion,  for 
whlth,  ilitrinii  Iha  -ay,  half  pri.  «  aitra  it  chargad  In  ad- 
dldun  lu  iba  full  larllf  ralaa. 

The .  Talagraph  Company  will  racaUa  maaaagaa 

f'r  >,  iiumlaalun  batwoan  tutiont  in  the  (fiiliad  Siaut 

.■  f  Iha  Mlaaiaalnpl  rivar,  la  ba  tani  Klihoui  rapa- 
ii.t,.j,  during  tha  i>lg>l  at  ona-half  tha  uaual  rata.,  on 
rundillon  that  iha  aandar  will  agrea  ihal  ha  will  not 
dam  uamoga.  from  it  for  arr- ra  or  dalayt,  or  for  non. 
dallve.v  of  tuth  nitaatgtt,  happrn.ng  from  any  ,.,um 
oihri  than  thr  acu  nf  Ii,  .;urp.,rBia  offlcara.  Iwynnd  a 
turn  equal  to  lan  lim«.  ilw amount  paid  fo,  imnamltainn  1 
and  Ihal  nn  claim  for  damagt  thall  ba  valid  uniaat  pro- 
a«nted  In  writing  within  twamy  dayt  from  tending  th« 
maaaaga. 

I.  ^""  V<»»;i>»"y  •III  he  ratponaihia  in  iha  limit  nf  lla 
linaa  only,  for  mttaagn  dciii.iad  bayond,  but  will  act  aa 
the  tand«r  t  agant  to  deliver  (ha  maaaaga  to  ^nnnectina 

cnmnr.Ri.w   n*  /•■wi^.*     ir  .4.._i— ^     i.T       .      i  ^ 

and 


.-,,  _  _,..,,,  ,.,  Mv,,Tci  ,,,B  maaaaga  10  ;.onnec 

compr.nij.  or  carriart.  If  daalrad,  without  charga 
wllhmii  liability  • 

8.  Y. ,  Sfcnln ry.  P.  P.,  P, fiithnl. 

Piaca ,  Data , 

..  ■•n?  ">•  followlna  half-rala  moooaga  aubjact  ta 

^J  •&"2  *•""'•  *»•'''»  "•  •!'•«•  «o. 

To  P..  R. ,  at  — ;  In , 

(Htrtmnlrmiit4tff.\  (SigmtJ)        g,  R, 

.    JS'*""?**  WeaaB»»-H»if.«mai. 

At  dtlHnrtd  ty  tk,  Ctm^ity  f  Iht  p<tr,an  i»  wktm 

"TV  '"' 

--Ll-IT  ;*■;■£*'  Company  requira  thtt  al 
2!"^tl.'  ,.^'*"!?  '"'•'■•"•'niMlon  ahall  ba  writ- 
ten on  Ih.;  blaaka  of  tha  Company,  under  and 
Mkljwt  tv  t)i«  t;9li4|t««iia  |»rlntarthanK,n.  whici 


»4» 


BAILMENTS. 


■endltioiui  Imv*  bata  acraad  to  bjr  Ibt  Mn4*r  of 
th«  followlnc  half-raM  mmsagt. 
».  P.,  PriiUtnt.  t.  v.,  Stcrttmrf. 


No. 
i 

Sent  by 
CD. 

Tim*. 

II. lO 

a.m. 

Rac'd  by 
E.  r. 

ChMk. 
6(wdt.)|Miid 
(#rcoircc)7}C. 

A*  Mhirii  by  tkt 


Dated .  I     RacaWad  at . 

ToR.  R.  I    . 

IHtrt/tlUmt  tk*  mtuurt  ncthwl.) 

MC*-H«ir-Kal«. 

CSwM/aiur  It  tht  P*rM»H  It  «4«M 
itnl 

Tha  —  Talagraph  Company  raqaira  that  all 
maaaagaa  rocalvci  for  tranamlaaieii  aball  ba  writ- 
tan  en  tha  blanka  of  tha  Company,  undar  and 
aubjact  to  tha  conditlona  printad  tbaraon,  which 
cendltlona  hava  baan  agraad  to  by  tha  aandar  of 
tha  followllur  half-rata  maaaaga. 

8.  Y. ,  SttrtUry.  P.  P. ,  PrttUnt. 

Datad,  Day ,  Yaar  — ,  Hour  — . 

Raealvad  at  — — . 

To . 

IHtrt/tUtw  Iht  mtiMg*  mt  mm/.) 

(SitnttI)      ••>. 

VALUATION  U  the  act  of  ascerUining 
the  worth  of  a  thing.  The  estimated  worth  or 
value  of  a  thing.  It  differs  from  price,  which 
does  not  always  afford  a  true  criterion  of  value, 
for  a  thing  may  be  purchased  at  a  sacrifice,  or 
at  an  extravagant  price.  In  the  case  of  bail- 
ments the  thing  bailed  it  sometimes  valued  at 
the  time  of  making  the  confact,  so  that  if  lost, 
no  dispute  may  arise  as  to  the  amount  of  the 
loss.* 

WARBHOUSBMEN  are  persons  who 
receive  goods  and  merchandise  to  be  stored  in 
their  warehouses  for  hire.  They  are  bound  to 
use  ordinary  care  in  preserving  such  goods  and 
merchandise,  and  their  neglect  to  do  so  will 
render  them  liable  to  the  owner.*  The 
warehouseman's  liability  coromencet  as  loon 
as  the  goods  arrive  and  the  crane  of  the  ware- 
house u  applied  to  raise  them  into  the  ware- 
bouse.*    See  WHARnNGBKS,  below. 

WHARFINOBR8  are  persons  who  own 
■nd  keep  a  wharf  for  the  pmrpoa«  of  receiving 
and  shipping  merchandise  to  and  from  it  for 
hire.  A  wtuuriinger  stands  in  the  situation  of 
■  bailee  for  hire,  and,  therefore,  like  a  ware- 
■  h6nseman,he  it  respofvUble  for  ordinary  a«glect, 
and  is  required  to  take  ordinary  care  m  the 
goods  intrusted  to  him  as  such.*  He  is  not, 
like  an  innkeeper  or  carrier,  to  be  considered 
as  an  insurer,  unless  he  superadd  the  character 
•f  a  carrier  to  that  of  wurfinger.*  The  re- 
sponsibility of  a  wharfinger  begins  when  he 
acquires,  and  ends  when  he  ceases,  to  hav«  the 
custody  of  the  goods  in  that  capacity. 

Whakfagb  is  the  money  pdd  far  landing 
goods  upon  or  loading  them  from  n  wharf.* 


•■Story  Ballm.  Mass 
nji  Story  Bailmr)  44*.  .,-— -  — 
Cow.  497;  la  Johns.  *)*;  1  Wand 


4;  Jo* 


(-1  Paake,  114;  t  twp. 

10  Vt.  jtt  j  Pwko, "»:  4  T.  R.  5S1:  •S«uk.  40-/.  wi 
Stark,  7a:  4Ca3apl>.  aas;  s  BuCT.al,s«i  isj9>.<as.  ast; 
-  " —  -7.5  Ifo.  07.  x-Doo* AbTjlndev ;  4 Od. 4», 
.  ..Ala.  (N.'S.)  sW;  aaa  <  lAn  (N.  Y.)ij  U. 
ai_Wand.  >io:  i  E.  O.  Sodlh,  8a,  a^;  a  IMi. 
-" —  "■■  —  ■«StBrli,40i: 
-  Oiik.|o:  116 


4? 
4«v 


)fe:  IB.  ftC.,4>iaMMUi.  AR.  toy.  »•  8 
^  Vc  se;  y  COW..407:  3  Taml.  aU:  n  Cm 
Vt  9i»:  13  Caxb,  ^,   ••3  Coaiyk.  m;  4  : 


Owing  to  tLe  interest  which  the  publir.  Iiave  in 
the  matter,  rates  of  wharfage  may  be  ra^^ated 
by  sUtute.r 

Warehousemen,  wharfingen,  and  Ibrwarding 
merchants  are  bound  to  have  proper  accommo. 
dations  for  the  amount  and  Kind  of  business 
they  profess  to  do,  cind  which  wi!l  be  likely  to 
arise  at  the  particular  point ;  to  employ  compe- 
tent and  trustworthy  agents ;  exercise  a  constant 
and  judicious  supervision  of  the  business,  so  si 
to  itecure  itH  accomplishment  in  due  time,  witfi 
the  proper  exemption  from  loss  or  damnge ;  and 
if  there  is  a  defect  in  any  of  these  jparuculan/ 
or  any  other,  they  are  liable.  The  master 
should  be  held  responsible  for  the  lirceny  of 
his  own  servants  while  holding  the  goods  as 
his  servants.* 

When  a  wharfinger  begins  and  ceases  to 
have  custody  of  goods  and  merchandise  de- 
pends, generally,  upon  the  nsa^es  of  trade  and 
of  the  business.  When  goods  are  deliv  cd  st 
a  wharf,  and  the  wharfinger  has  agreed,  ex- 
pressly or  by  implication,  to  take  the  custody 
of  them,  his  responsibility  coromenc-si  but  a 
mere  delivery  at  the  whan  without  such  assent 
does  not  make  him  liable.*  When  goodii  are 
in  the  wharfinger's  possession,  to  be  sent  on 
board  a  vessel  Tor  a  voyage,  as  soon  as  he  de- 
livers the  possession  and  the  care  of  them  to 
the  proper  officers  of  the  vessel,  although  they 
are  not  actually  removed,  he  is,  by  the  nsagr^ 
of  trade,  deemed  exonerated  from  all  furt.ier 
responsibility.*  The  wharfinger  does  not,  how- 
ever, discharge  his  duty  by  delivering  them  to 
one  of  the  crew,  but  should  deliver  them  to 
the  captain  of  the  vessel,  or  tome  other  person 
in  autnority  on  board  of  if.* 

A  wharfinger  or  warehouseman  has  alien 
upon  the  particular  good«  for  the  freight  and 
cnarges  already  incurred,  and  may  detain  tfaem 
until  paid.*  A  wharfinger  has  equally  a  lien 
01;  a  vessel  for  wharfage.*  He  may  insure  for 
the  full  value  and  recc<ver  for  the  benefit  of  Oie 
general  owner.' 

A  warehouseman  n  bound  to  look  after  the 
goods,  and  see  thr.t  they  do  not  rafer.i  .mi 
dampness  or  exposure.*  But  be  k  mily  re- 
sponsible for  suc'ii  neglect  as  a  pradent  Man 
would  not  be  expecteq.  to  suffer  in  regard  to 
bis  own  propert<!r  of  equal  Value.* 

Factors,  bailf  A,  and  commiscion  merchanls 
are  bound  to  (hat  degree  of  knowledge,  skill, 
and  diligence,  which  will  enable  them  to  tran- 
■act  the  nia'.teis  intrusted  to  them  in  sudi  • 
muiner  as  to  secure  safety  and  wiaaanablB 
benefit  and  profit  to  the  owner.* 

They  hftve  a  Hen  upon  the  goods  and  papers 

Cum.nf,  loVt.  s6:  aStarii,4ae: tiM.ft  W.al.  h- 

lSl^):i,^..'..'^oi:if  WiV"*^*  "*' 
M.ftW.ir4i  itflJ. 


Mallay«.  ;c.  a,».  a:  Keona,  Hat.  ■•;  Oia.  9,4, 3; 

t  M.*  w.  mi 'III  t.9j  •  bai..  4-.  %S  €!}  P 

C3>:  and  aaa  to  Blnah.  a46:  a  C.  S  M.  531:  yseon, 
M:  sQ.  B.  sii.ni^Watli  ft  S.  4M:  tHu'M;  9 
Wand.  aM:  f  Bap.  109:  3  Id.  8t;  «  East.  319:  7  Id 
aa4:  4B.  <tAld.3o:  iBAd.ftE.  03b:  7  B.  AC.  a». 
•-Ware.  Diat.Ct  334:  Clip.  Dist.Xt.  lot;  t  Newb. 
Adn.  «3.  r-34  be.  L.  ft  Eq.  tiA.  «-••  Vl.  40:  « 
Ind.  3^   ll-«7oMS  Uw.  4^:  17U.  jbu  l»:  lilAs. 

I  4r-  t-i  Biog.  34. 


IS  an  I 


Com.  I 
b-»lM 


BAILMENTS— BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


»43 


hich  the  publir  liave  in 
irfagc  nujr  b«  n^^ltted 

fingen,  and  ibrwarding 
have  proper  accommo' 
[  and  Kind  of  butiitcu 
which  wi'J  be  likely  to 
aim ;  to  employ  conipe- 
ntM ;  exercise  •  conitant 
)n  of  the  butinete,  so  as 
ment  in  due  time,  witA 
3m  loss  or  damftoe  {  and 
ny  of  these  particulan/ 
e  liable.  The  nastei 
lible  for  the  lirceny  of 
s  holding  the  goods  as 

begins  and  ceases  to 
and  merchaiidiie  de- 
Ihe  asaget  of  trade  and 
I  goods  are  deliv  cd  at 
'finger  has  agreed,  ex- 
on,  to  take  the  custody 
lity  commences;  but  a 
lan  '.rithout  such  assent 
ible.*  When  goods  are 
isession,  to  be  sent  on 
rage,  as  soon  u  he  de- 
nd  the  care  of  them  to 
le  vessel,  although  they 
ed,  he  is,  by  the  nsaerr 
crated  frc/m  all  futt.ier 
harfinger  does  not,  hnw- 
'  by  deliirering  them  to 
thould  deliver  them  to 
il,  or  come  other  person 
f  lf.« 

urchouseman  has  a  lien 
>odr»  for  the  freight  and 
A,  and  may  detain  Hiem 
iv^r  hat  equally  a  lien 
'.'.*  He  may  insure  for 
rer  for  the  benefit  of  the 

bound  to  look  after  the 
hey  do  not  nSu.L  na 
.•  B«t  he  ia  only  le- 
fleet  as  a  pradent  man 
L  to  tofier  in  Ngnd  to 
nal  ^ae> 

commiscion  merchflnls 
ree  of  knowledge,  tkill, 
ill  enable  them  to  tran- 
kted  to  them  in  sudi  • 
safety  and  leaaonable 
I  owner.* 
Ml  the  goods  and  papeit 

rii,4M!uM.ftW.al.  k- 
I  4S):  Aw.  SktaniDg,  t$», 
lOM,  Mat.  M:  Ow-9.4.3; 
:  I  Oak.  4ao.    ^^t  C  ft  P. 

Msft  S.  4M:liAl.fl«;9 
Id.  Si;  6  last,  sw:  *  U 
L  *  E.  «3(|:  ,  B.  It  fc, 
Ip.  Dist.  Ct.  I 
i  Eq.  tiA, 
4l«:t|U. 


_   ai>. 
t  Mevb. 


JU.%sttins. 


In  their  hands  for  their  charges  in  regard  to  the 
particular  business.' 

If  a  bailee  deliveis  the  goods  to  a  wrong 
person,  he  is  guilty  of  conversion.*    See  title 

"  LllNS." 

B«il«r.  Sm  Bailhimts. 

■•Iwnoo.  SMBooKKsiriNo;  MucANTiLa  Law. 

■islwss— Mis— «.  Sm  BooKaiinNo. 

BMSlnlssssMSt.  Sm  Cmmimal  Lav. 

■mnIiaU*.  Sm  MmcANTiLB  Law. 

■Msklay.  Sm  MaacAimLB  Law. 

■«Nk  AmmswssS.  Sm  BaoKxaanMo:  IIsrcam. 
Tiu  Law. 

Blkall>lf*t«.  S««  Hills  or  Exchanob  and 
PnoMitsoav  Noras,  arc. 

■wnk«r*a  Umim.  &«•  Mcrcaktilb  Law. 

Ummjkrmptmjf,  Sm  MaacAirnLB  Law;  Paa- 
•oNALKaLATioin:  PiAcnca. 

BMsn  ar  Mmtwimfmy.  Sm  Maikiagb. 

Bnr.  SmActioms:  CoKraAcrs:  Practicb. 

BmvsIn  MS«I  Salo.  Sm  Comtkacts. 

Bsinnatnr.    Sm  CaiMiiiAi.  Law;   Imsubancb; 

U^RrTIMBLAW. 

Bnrfts  m»m9W.  Sm  Monbv. 
■MrvMSMMs.  Sm  Mboical  Law. 
Bnrtwr.  SmCohtbacts. 
BlwMrtf.  Sm  Pbmsohal  Rblatioinl 
B«M«rsr.  Sm  Cbiminal  Law. 
Wmw^^w^Kmmm*.  Sm  Cmihimal  Law. 
Bnjr.  Sm  Rbal  PBoraaTv;  WATsa. 


MMigwm.  Sm  Rral  P>or«BTv:  Watbb. 
BmmmsmbW.  Sm  MAMinHB  Law;  Momv. 
Bewrer.  See  MiacAimLa  Law. 
~       tm.  Sm  Animals. 

Sm  Rbal  PaopBarr;  Watbb. 

Sm  Amimau. 

w.  SMjfAUFBa:  Fbbsonai.  Rblatioml. 

>K  Sm  CoHVB««iicBa. 

BoltoT.  Sm  EviDBNca. 

■•a^.  Sm  CMnrr. 

,BMs^WM«wpt.    Sm  PBAcnca;   Paocass; 

Imraa. 


■mMMtelal  Isstovwst.  Sm  Covnucn 


>  SmMbbcantilbLaw;  Mombt. 


sst;  Pbombtv,  bk. 
■MsoflctSMV.  Sm  Pbrsonal  RixAnoMS. 

■•■■«■<.   SMGlfTS. 

■mm  BvMmm*.  Sm  Evidbmcb. 
■otrwtknuMSt.  SmMabriaob. 
WmMmw  B^wlly.  Sm  Practicb. 
■atlos>nMmtn.  Sm  Rbal  Paoranv. 
■•yMMl  tkm  Soa.  Sm  Domicu. 
BlMk  Sm  PaAcnca. 
BM.  Sm  Auction  Sau;. 
BMStor.  8m  Auction  Sasm. 
mnwNr.  Sm  Cbiminal  Law. 
Bin.  SMLaonLATiON;  MaacANTiui  Law;  Pbac- 
ncB. 

SfH'fitf!^"^"'?:  Sm  MBacANTiLB  Law. 

^  yj^^ABW^WByWABM 

-_  Sm  ftoKKBanHa.  MaacANnLB  LawV^ 
BlLlf  OP  EXCHANCB,  BANK  NOTKS,  BONDS. 
ChkKS.  CUTtnCATBS  OF  DBPOUT,  AND 
PROMinotT  Nons,  are  ccjimercial  suhsti. 
totes  for  money,  evidences  of  indebtedness 
and  the  general  mediums  of  business  and  mer- 
cantile exchange.  They  are  UMotiable  and 
non-ncfotiaUe. 

u  ^3^P^^.  ^  •  **™  «PPW«^ »«  •  contract, 
the  ti^t  of  action  of  which  is  capable  of  being 
iransfifwd  hjr  indmement  (of  which  (Aeliveiy 
IS  an  essential  part)  in  case  the  undertaking  is 

Cowp.  asi .  J  T.  R.  nj.     m^t  Ssariu  104 ;  4  Baiti.  S. 
C.)3«i.  a^M. »  w;40|:  !■  Pick.  J14   ;«  I  "42 

«*w.*;iiM.3S.   •.41  K 


M.M. 


10 


AA 


<»•;  •» 


to  A.,  or  his  order.  A.,  or  his  agent,  or  the 
like,  or,  by  delivery  alone,  in  case  the  under- 
taking is  10  A.,  or  bearer,  the  assignee  in  either 
case  liaving  a  right  to  sue  in  his  own  name 
with  all  the  righu  o'  the  aMi^ncr. 

Bills  of  excbangt,  promissory  notes,  govern- 
ment. State,  county,  township,  district,  munici- 
pal and  corporate  bonds,  and  bank  notes,  to 
order  or  bearer,  are  universally  negotiable ;  and 
bills  of  lading,*  and  notes  not  to  order  or 
bearer,  are  fstasi  ntgotiaUt;  ihat  is,  an  in- 
dorsement will  give  a  right  of  action  in  the 
name  of  the  assigne«.  In  general,  any  choae  in 
action  can  be  assigned  so  that  the  assignee  can 
bring  an  action  in  his  own  name,  and  with  all 
the  rights  of  the  assignor.  There  are,  how- 
ever, some  exceptions  to  this  rule ;  as,  in  some 
Sutes  J  this  quality  of  negotiability  is  restricted 
by  statute;  for  example,  in  some  States,  in  addi- 
tion to  being  payable  to  order  or  bearer,  they 
must  also  be  payable  in  a  bank  incorporated 
under  some  law  of  that  r  imonwealth,  or 
some  bank  organized  therein  under  some  law 
of  the  United  Slates ;  and  in  other*  all  prom- 
issory notes  are  by  sutute  negotiable,  but  not 
as  inland  bills  of  exchange  unlcM  they  are  pay- 
able in  a  bunk  in  the  State*  having  an  actual 
existence  at  the  time  the  note  is  executed,* 
and  the  note  must,  on  iu  face,  designate  the 
particular  bank,*  as  this  cannot  be  ascertained 
or  shown  by  extrinsic  evidence.* 

Non-Ncgotiabl*.    Notes  payable  in  spe- 
cific articles  are  not  negotiable,'  but  are  as- 
signable.    When  given   for  value  received, 
and  it  is  so  expressed  on  the  face  of  the  instru- 
ment, it  is  not  necessary  in  the  first  instance  to 
prove  the  consideration  for  the  promise.*    But 
when  such  note  does  not  purport  to  have  been 
given  for  value  received,  it  is  a  special  con- 
tract ;  and  if  no  consideration  appear  upon  the 
face  of  it,  and  none  be  allege*],  it  cannot  be 
given  in  evidence  under  a  count  for  money; 
nor  can  the    real  consideration  be  proved.* 
Notes  payable  in  chattels,  goods,  or  choses  in 
action,  not  being  promissory  notes,  are  to  b* 
construed  and  enforced  at  other  parol  contracts. 
So,  also,  an  order  for  a  given  sum,  payable  ia 
goods  or  the  proceeds  thereof,  is  not  a  bill  of 
exchange;  a  .d  therefore,  when  the  drawee  has 
accepted  such  bill,  the  payee  cannot  recover  on 
it,  unless  he  avers  and  proves  that  the  acceptor 
has  in  hit  bands  either  good?  or  the  proceeds 
of  theni,  such  as  are  descrilied  in  the  order, 
suflident  for  the  payment.    But  if  the  order  it 
so  drawn  as  to  imply  that  the  drawee  hat  a 
fund  in  hit  hands  stiSSdent  to  meet  the  draft, 
the  acceptance  of  it,  though  it  be  not  a  bill 
of  exchange,  it  deemed  an  admission  which 
will  rapport  an  action  fw  money  had  and  re- 
ceived.*  So,  the  acceptance  of  a  draft  drawn  on 
a  present  fund  in  the  hands  of  the  drawee  is 
frima  fatie  evidence  of  the  suflliciency  of  that 

Wmd.  70.  K^For  die  aclmowMgsseM  of  vahM  i«. 
eeivtd,  it  u  sufficicitt  to  east  upop  the  proaUsor  iIm  hia- 
dea  of  wpving  that  tbenwai  noeonsMenltoa,  t  Johi*. 
454 ;  y  W.  3»» ;  «  Bosw.  4m  S.  C.  110  N.  Y.  4}*.  Ii-w 
Johns.  4i».   t-s  a.  R.  107s ;  I J  Bath.  •74. 


m 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


fand^  TIm  poMwiton  of  »  promi»iory  note  not 
ucfoUabl«  U  nek  prima  fact*  evidence  of  a  trans- 
fer to  the  plaintiff  before  maturity  of  the  note,  or 
before  the  commencement  of  the  action.  An  in- 
dorsee muit  aver  and  prove  the  coUHideration  of 
the  transfer  to  him.^  Non-negotiabihty,  like 
overdue  paper,  is  notice  to  ail  that  the  note  or 
instniment  is  subject  all  the  time  to  such  juxt 
defences  as  the  maker  may  have ;  and  whoever 
take*  such  non-negotiahle  paper,  even  before 
due,  takes  it  subject  to  all  suen  equities.* 

A  MNK  NOTE  is  a  promissory  note,"  payable 
OM  demand  to  the  bearer,  made  and  iastued  by  a 
person  or  persons  acting  as  bankers,  and  aathor- 
ued  hf  law  to  iiane  such  notee. 

For  many  purpoect  they  are  not  looked  upon 
M  common  promissory  notes,  and  as  such  mere 
evidences  or  debt,  or  security  for  money.  In 
ordinary  transactions  of  business,  they  are  rec- 
ognised, by  general  consent,  as  cash.  The  bnsi  ■ 
nesa  of  issuing  them  being  regulated  by  law, 
a  certain  credit  attaches  to  them  that  ren- 
ders tbem  a  convenient  substitute  for  money.* 
The  practice  is,  therefore,  to  use  them  as  money ; 
and  they  ara  good  tender  unless  objected  to.* 
They  pass  under  the  word  "  money  "  in  a  will, 
and,  generally  speaking,  they  are  treated  as 
CMh.'  When  a  payment  is  made  in  bank  notes 
thev  are  treated  as  cash,  and  receipu  are  given 
as  (ot  cash.«  A  payment  of  a  debt  in  bank  notes 
ilUcharges  the  debt;'  but  it  ii  the  duty  of  the 
|iersons  receiving  them  to  ascertain,  as  soon  as 
possible,  their  ^ae,  by  presenting  Ihem  for 
payment.*  Pkyment  in  forged  bank  notes  is  a 
nullity.*  But  where  the  bank  itself  receives 
notes  porporting  to  be  iu  own,  and  they  are 
forged,  it  u  otherwise."  If  a  note  be  cut  in  two 
for  transmiasioa  tw  mail,  and  one-half  be  lost, 
the  torn*  JUe  holder  of  the  other  half  can  re- 
cover tlw  wli^  amount  of  the  note.* 

Bank  notes  an  governed  by  the  rules  appli- 
cable to  other  negotiable  peper.  They  are. 
asaignable  by  delivery.*  The  bolder  of  a  note 
is  entitkNl  to  p^rnent,  and  cannot  be  affected 
k>f  Hm  fraud  «  a  former  Itolder,  unless  Itut  is 
Moved  privv  to  the  fraud."  llie  bomm  fidt 
■older  who  has  wa&nA.  tb/aa  for  value  is  pro- 
teeted  in  their  pMseision>  even  againstt  the  real 
owner  from  who«  diey  have  been  stolen. 

Bank  notes  may  be  taken  on  execotion;  but 
ttey  are  not  to  be  sold7 


\ 


■•<•— VmMmmL 


»  No 

The  Vint  Matienat  Bank  of wUl  pay 

delhirs  te  bearer  on  deoMUd.   . 
C.  R.,  CM*«r.  r.  P.,  PrttUtml. 


■•3  Msish.  tl4 ;  s  Orsail.  my.  ii  Man.  iM !  4  Tyr- 

Botw.  4as  i  li  Hew.  FT.  R.  ■<!Q^  lows,  jm.     I-* 
:m._j8>.    ■s>t4pnqr,s».    «-<^jrar,  t4ii   «"••>. 

.476:  lOMo,  ifc:  II  M*.  4n; 

.8.)n6:  WM.3Hal«t.  17*;  4N. 


II;j5JS:  4U«r.*J.,43S-.  ►••»)<*»••  »«s:  »W 
».«i„»snek.i77: 
sJ.J.lUnh.  043:  u 


*  ,  144;  I  Jehas.  Cb.  sss :  t  SekiJC 


ftJ.>'slJ3Hawlis. 
•00:  a  H.  Mo;  w  Ii 
L.3*e>3>9S  nV«s. 


A  No.^ — .    %—. 

The  U  nitsd  SUtse  will  pay  to  bearer  —  dollars 
Washington,  D,  C. 

TtHUury.  l/mttnt  Stsin. 

Ne . 

lk>NM  issued  by  Statenor  curporatiuiit  uiulei 
authority  of  law,  and  drawn  in  negotiable  form, 
arc  another  species  of  negotiable  paper.  The 
title  to  Ihcfie  instruments,  which  are  generally 
made  payable  to  bearer,  passes  by  mere  deli  v. 
ery.  The  form,  design,  and  nature  of  the  in- 
strument show  that  it  is  intended  for  negotiatiur 
and  sale,  like  a  neg<iliable  note  or  bill  of  ex- 
change. It  is  itself  an  absolute  contract  for 
the  payment  of  a  certain  sum  of  money  to  the 
bearer;  and  the  common  usage  is  to  sell  such 
bonds  in  the  market,  and  transfer  them  by 
delivery. 

MTBto  CmpimmMmi  —■<  a— ml 

Amount  of  Loan  tiMiOee. 

First  Mortf  age  — -  per  cent.  Loan  of  the  — 

Rallwajr  Company  of 

United  SutoB  of  America,  State  of w 

•see.  No.  — 

'Knew  an  men  t>y  thsas  preaaata : 

That  the  iMlway  Company  of  — -  ac- 

knowledgee  Itself  Indebted  to of ,  or  th« 

bearer  hereof,  la  accordance  widi  the  condition 
aa  to  redetratlon  berelaaiter  mentioned.  In  thi 
eum  of  «ve  hundred  doilara.  lawftil  money  of 
the  United  •tatee.ef  America.  ',  Me  at  the 
flnandal  ageaey  of  said  Cowif  *^  e  city  of 

,  the  «ret  day  of — ,  with »-         -  -^tateon  at 

the  rate  of  — -  per  cent,  pe  ff^f^ 

eeml-annoaUy,  ftrem  the  data  .'-^i_  ■^..saiheflrtt 
daya  of  AprU  and  October,  ea  the  preeentatloa 
and  aurninder  of  the  proper  Intereet  ceupee 
hereto  attacheJ. 

This  bond  la  one  of  a  eeriea  of  Aye  h«n«red  of 
like  tenor  and  date,  two  hundred  and  flfty  of 
which  are  (or  the  eum  of  one  hundred  doUat; 
each.ameuntlnc  In  thoaggregata  to  one  hni^r^ 
and  fifty  theneaad  doUara.  tiie  payment  of  which, 
with  the  latereet  as  aftwseald.la  Mcared  by  a 
mertgace  bearing  <-v*n  date  herewM,  upon  the 
raUvMvraUing  ato».!c  and  eoroorate  mw^toM  of 
eald  Cmnpaay,  duly  eaoetttedaad  dtriieered  to  the 

CempZw  clbreeald,  in  truet  fer  ttw  beider; 

of  eald  braSTaad  Intereet  coupons,  duly  roewrded 
in  Jhe  ^ke  of  Um^^j  of -r-"!"  *"»•  "K^ijCriJ 


B  IBO  oowa  oi  turn        ,  wi  - — ,  ="  i^ 

The  principal  of  thia  iMad  and 


naw  or 

,  _.  any  time  neteaiMr  ae  rejmlred,  by  any 

lawaf  theVnitod  •tWja.er  the  *ateef---,or 
either,  to  retaia  therefiMi«fiar  aatlanal  er^te 
pttrpwwa,  when  aad  aa  the  )ame  reepectt««|rl|e- 
eomedae  and  pmrabte,  the  eald  Company  hereby 

*^SSl!tSA^JSivSS'iMf^to  theeoadWIon 
aa  to  regietratton  that  it  BteU  be^tranateaMe  ^ 
doHvery,  eaeept  whea  rsgleesfed  aa  the  batriw 
of  the  Company  In  the  aaase  of  the  awaer.and 
anch regiet^ndetaed  tiiereoo.  taehrMiMsrsd 
ownermay  at  any  time  awke  the  eame  tlaagfir- 
aMe  by  Mivery  fey  having  It  rei^aieredaa  aiera- 
sald  aayable  to  bearer. 
ThieSoad  dwU  not  become  obHgatary  nnlU It 


CkMsj  xRop.  Ug.a.   V4W. 


AiS.  OS!  ti 
9H.S.j«s.      _ 

101  i  »  Vt.  sie;  9 
lb;  ilBsn.  S4S- 

<rM/.  Hardw.  js;  o 
4»' 


Id. 


•wt  »• :  tf 'W.  iM:  4  Aaad.  tM.    w 


jr-ioBarb.isr.si6.  B-LdMsan  ft  Beltea, 


I>««l 
Dun 


iral««4  ■••••■. 

No. .    »— . 

pay  to  baarar  — —  doUara 

T.  R.t  Trttuurtrtflht 
i.  l/Httn/ Statti. 

teit  or  corporatiuiit  uiulcf 
rawn  in  negotiable  form, 
negotiable  paper.  The 
int»,  which  are  generally 
ir,  pasaca  by  mere  deliv' 
n,  and  nature  of  the  in- 
I  intendeit  for  negotiatior 
able  note  or  bill  of  ex- 
m  absolute  contract  r>r 
in  turn  of  money  to  the 
ion  uftage  i>  to  aell  inch 
,  and  tnu»f«r  them  by 


iMi  ■»■<  a<— wj 


Hi  30.000- 

ir  cant.  Loan  of  Uie  — 
mpanjr  of  — . 

marica,  BtaM  of . 

No 

M  praaanta ; 

ay  Company  of  — —  ac 
btod  to  — —  of—,  or  tba 
lanca  with  tba  coodltloo 
Inaftar  mantloiMd,  to  tbi 
lellaro,  lawfUl  moD«y  of 
Amartea,  ' .  te  at  tba 
I  Comp»-  Realty  of 

■,  withi'  •  ''^tataonat 

a  data  ..-■»  <4.,  saoMflrat 
oa  tiM  praaaatatioa 
—  iaMraat  coupoa 


I  aariaa  of  Ave  httBdrod  of 
«ro  bundrai  aad  Sfty  of 
I  of  oao  bundrod  deaan 
Mgremu  to  eaa  baadrad 
am,  tba  Munaant  af  wbteh, 
IttfaaaH.  la  aacorod  by  a 
dau  barewMi.  upaa  tba 
id  aerporau  frabowlaaa  of 
w«ita«aad  daHverad  «a  tha 
I,  la  truat  far  tba  balden 
Mi  coHpoaa,  duly  raaarded 
of — ,ln  tba  Suta  af — 
la  baed  and  llie  tatwraat 
tba  AaaaaUl  aiaaqr  ar  tba 


iivaijfiBr  aatteaal  ae 4tata 
itba«ama  raapacttvaly  ba- 
,  tba  aald  Camyaojr  haeaby 

NO. 

1  aaMMt  to  tiMcaadMon 
Itabab  be  traaaterabta  by 


I  aama  of  tba  awaer.and 
tiieraaa.  taeb  raaiaMred 
I  make  the  aanaa  ttaaaftr- 
Hac  >t  »aglatarad  aa  afare- 

become  ebUgatonr  mUll  It 

m  13  Waata.  101 ;  11  Vt  s<*i 

laato.^:  jld.soB:  sl^"- 
loWktat.  3331  Med  B.  ftC. 

)iEaM.4l:  4id.$io:  Bmt^■ 
I.  ■■LehaMBftBeltea.Iliila 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


H5 


.„  ■;...«..  autbaatlaaiad  by  a  cartlAcata 

annasad  te  it.  duly  aaacutad  by  tlta  troaiaa. 
-»'"  '•tS;!"*'''»'2»'t"'« """way  Company 

AatkaMtlCQtIaa  kjr  Traataa. 

JSS!f.TZ.^'*'*'^M*^V''y  MrUIlM  that  tha 
withia  bead  la  oaa  of  tha  aama  aocurad  by  tba 
mortf  age  berela  named.  p.  9,,i>miZnt. 

I jMflatwrti— , 

|)alo  af  rof  latry. 


la  whoao  name 
reglatarad. 


f raaafer 
agent. 


The Railway  Campany  of 

WUi  pay.oa  tba  Arat  day  of — ■.at  ita  flnaa- 
ttalagaacy.m; — ,aa  aarrandar  of  tbla  coupoa, 
to  baarar  ft  raglatared  to  bearer,  or  to  tha  rnW 
tared  owaor  or  order,  — >  doltata.  balnc  Va 
montba'  latanat  daa  that  day  on  bond  NoT-— ^ 
{■%»«*)       T.  R.,  Trt»tmr*r. 

9wtwmtm  CmrpmwmtUm  Bsml-Oaaaml 

Ualtadttataa  of  Amarka.  State  of 

•'jooe.  ..Tba-— Railroad  Company.  tiMo. 
.•.l"  *^"7,  '•?*/*'•  •"*  without  defakatioa, 
*•"•  HZSi^'^***  Co"!K"y  ?»««tae  to  pay  to  the 
—  Treat  Comaaay ,  or  the  el^  of ,  or  bearer. 

or  the  UaiUd  ftataa  af  America,  en  the  Arat  day 

•L'**'!:^*"'  '■  *&•  J^' •  *'««'»  »«tflreet  In 

»!«.•*  '*•  ^*5  •'t-  »*  eentuM  par  anaum, 
payable  aa  die  firot  daya  of  tba  menSa  of  tui 
uA  Navambar.  la  each  year  beraafter.  on  preaan. 

able at^edHceaf  the  tniatae  berela aameJTar 
af  tm  eiicraaaor  In  tba  truat.  to  tba  eto  of —.' 

Thia  band  U  aaa  of  the  aerlea  af  alaa  huadred 
"'**  S?!Ri*  ^«*^>  9**  kuadrad  af  wbi^ara 
nus^aref fram  aaa  taflva  huadrad  laeluahra,aad 
!^^**t.*%>*'*«>'  iaUam^eaeb,  aad  four  km. 
drad  af  wbteb  are  aumbeiad  fram  Ave  brndndT 
and  aae  Maine  buBdred  ladv^ive,  aad  m  for 
B«o  h«ad»ad.dattaaa  aaeh,  >'  ^:  aakl  bIu 
hundred boodathare la aaiL  it  n  iaarMw! 
meat  kr  AM  aver  tba  attier,  laubJac  In^ 
naU  *a  aevaaliaadrad  t&»MM>d  ddiata  imd 


truMaa. 
la 


kMOMMd jMaarpatM  a«U  tb ba bereto aftiS 

•te,  («>.«*.^^Tfei:i^ 

CwrdUtoate. 

t,  af  tta  city  of  — -, 


IBV  ""^^m    ••  MM*    «M»i 

truatae.MfttAaatbat 


jwlaa  af  alaa  bwi^wid,  af  ai 
•refcgTAMhuXeddalSJa 


iaoneefttM 
.  ^__  «^.  baadrad  are 

^r3.Wb?5fS5 


•eeond  by  a  ■Mttaaia,  dated  tta  Arat'dayaf  N«k 


•feraa^aaddatytaearded  tattSpmer 
for  roaardtof  tba  BUM.  la  tba  Rtata  afl--. 

l!S.JStt  •'  Amgtea;  Afaa^af  an  mma.  at  tba 
«m«««r «»«•—.  1lniatCamfaa]r,ar1to«ic«a<wr  ' 


l£:?da';Vniir;i±Sd"*i5oT!:!i*:'' '"»•""••"••» 

{SifHt^j  T.  R.,  TrtMurtr. 

•'.1?;    ..     •«•«••' .County  of T         Aioo. 

I  '»••  •»«:«»»yc«rtl"»<»  that  the  county  of—- I, 
m!!!i»^  i-iT~' "  — rf-'dn'iln  th.  aum  of  one 
hundred  dollara,  payable  on  tha day  of ■ 

-i.5l!lt!i.'*,**'".i'^'***»»  •'  ♦ha  county  com-' 
Jl'irt'?^  •'  ••'*'  ««»«"»ty.  with  intareat,  un^l 
called  in  for  payment  at  the  office  of  aald  county 
commlaolonera,  from  the  flrat  day  of ,  payabli^ 

tober,  In  each  and  every  year,  at per  cant. 

Rer  annum,  on  preaentatlon  of  tha  proper  coupon 
.rhI*."ISa"""'."»l»»  ^*  traaourar  of  aSd  couity, 

at  hia  office,  in  the  city  (»r  town)  of ,  in  the 

county  aforeeaid.  .  •»  in. 

Thia  loan  la  authoriiad  by  an  act  of  the  Oeneral 

!L**.  ^1^!.*  **  rofulate  the  manner  of  incraaiina 

the  redemption  of  tha  aame,  and  to  impoae  aen- 
•«««  «»r,«h«JUetal  increaae  tbaraof"'   Approved 

Id  to  pay 


^"SS!^]  *?  TT*"/"' .'and'hi'laaual 

outatandina  ladabtednaM. 

ThIacarUAcataofindebtednaM  la  tranaferabta 
only  en  tha  booka  of  the  commlHionera.  In  oar- 
eon  or  by  attorney.  ^ 

WItneee  the  aeal  of  aald  county  and  the  aicna- 
turee  of  the  commieeionera.  at  -i-,  thia —'day 

{Aa*$<)    C.  C,  CRrk.  CtmmUii^,. 

-  _    Iwlaraiit  Cmimb. 

-.^r":_^*  «•»»»?  •'  - —  wfll  pay  to  tha  baarar, 
at  the  treaaury  of  «Ka  county,  to  — ,  on  tha  flraf 

^•^JT^' doUara,  for  aia  montba'  intarMt 

on  ooiM  no*  — ■» 

(Sigmid)  ,  Otrk. 

^  ■■■Iclpal  ■mmI— ««ai«ra|  Vnm. 

«<•«•••  ,  Conaolldated  Loan, Seriea.    At«ea 

Ualted  AtotM  of  AmariM.  StoU  of  — ^"^ 

Thaatyof 

Kpow  aU  men  by  theae  preeenta : 

h-wtlJiaiJy  ?1~~;  ••  »'•«»»•<  •»««  U hereby 
held  aad  Armfy  bouad  uate ,  or  bearer,  to  the 


yahfd  ttWM.  pymbli-ti^ity  ■^.^"■iS.S'S: 
tbaTirat  Natieaal^nk  of ,  in 


data  hereof,  at ,____  „«...  „, ,„ 

the  city  of ,  with  Intareat  thereon  at  the  rau 

of -~per  eent.  per  aaaum.  I^am  the  Aiat  day  of 

SS^^'/E?*^  OetoW  of  each  ^aar.on 
pTMaatatlftn  of  tba  proper  caapoaa  hereunto 


,  ^  'fi.^w**^"^''  <r  Ugitlataia).  approved 

(*r  vyfii  the day  of  -—Tthia  bond  lemade 

a  iagal  tov«Mment  for  all  maneya  beM  by  eaecu* 
tore,  adminlatratora,  guardi«na,  or  truateee  in 
toaat.  aad  la  leaMd  to  ourauaace  af  a?iSi?tbS 
aeaeral  Aaaembty  («r  Legidatun)  of  the  SUte  of 
--^aiwraved  (jr  paMcd)  the  —-  day  of  — Taad 
aa  ordtoaaea  af  the  councUa  of  the  eltyer--! 

la  wltaeMwhereaf,  and  to  parauaaee  af  aald 


J!?i^£?S'*'^''*i'*!?*.?'*!'«  eommlealonare  of 
aald  citarbaa  ■tened  thia  bead  and  cauaed  the  eeal 
of  eald'eity,7nly  attaetedbv  tbrctork  of  ISd 


C  C.  Cbi-i.' 


yHianz'JP**  ^  •*,— *•"  fv  *•  •>«»m» 

— — .         demta.  fag  »»*«»««■  .1..^  .>-  w— j  m-      ' 


ComiBiaaioaere,  to  ta  bereoato  aAUed.  Mile 

Ma.5!!r' 

bereof , oa  i.» „m^  w, ,■*«■•—-  mi 

— — , dellara,firlaMreatdiMeaboadNo. 

*— '  CCOtri. 

■■■ialjgl  ■— a   m*mmM  Wnm. 

Uattad  Atatee  of  America. 

Water  l«aH,«ieo/Nio. 

■^S?*  .  Cltyef— .  No.—. 

TbattheiahaMtaataef  the  eltyof aekaowl' 

edge  tbeeserSvea  indebted  to  -1-,  or  bMuer.  in 
tteeiim  of  AvehBBdred  doUara,  to  be  eiMat  the 
9««f  9f  th*  Citjr  Traamirer,  is  aaid  d^Vra  «p 


^m 


•'»«-I*i»»>Hir»».^-.  41 


UH 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


■m  day  of  StpMnbw.  In  th«  yj*'-— .  jw**^  *•" 
|ir«*t  mtnot.,  to  bo  compuud  from  th«  4at« 
koroor,  at  tha  rata  of par  ean«.  par  annum, 

Kyabla  aaml-annu.iUy,  at  tha  oAca  afpraaatd,  en 
a  Arat  daya  of  March  and  •apUmbar  in  aach 
yaar,  on  tha  prtaanUtUn  and  dalWary  of  tha 
annual  warranto  aa  thay  *^varally  bocoma  dua. 

Thia  bond  la  a  part  of  'tha  Watar  Loan," 
craatad  by  vlrtuaofan  ordlaaoca  of  tha  common 
council  of  aald  city,  antitlad  "An  ordinance  to 
authorlia  tha  laaulng  ot  bonda  for  tha  purpoaa  of 
making  tha  uacaaaary  rapaira  ^  Improvamaota 
In  thamalna. maehlnary, and  otiiar  workc of  tha 
• WaMrWorlia,'paaaad--^." 

In  witnaaa  wharao/,  tha  InhabltanM  of  tha  ^ty 

•r havo  cauaad  thla  bond  to  bo  aaaSad  with 

Ihalr  common  aaal,  and  alf  nad  by  tha  niayor  and 
•ttaatad  by  tha  traaauror  tbto <*"t."  ZT"" 

iSrti/.l  {Sfn*^)     u.yL.,M»j>»r. 

lAll*tt)    T.  %.,  IVtmmrtr. 

aty  of ,  Water  Loan. 

Intaraat  irarraot  for dollara,  payable  to 

the  bearar  at  tSia  traaaurer'a  omca,  the  - —  day 

of  T-*,  for  aU  meatha'  IntereM  on  bend  No 

(JB^W)       T.  R.,  TWamw. 

UnlMd  ttataa  of  America,  luu  of  —-. 
•too.  **•• 

Thla  ctrtiBaa  that  the  State  of  — -  ta  Indebted 

nnto ,  or  beanr,  to  the  eam  of hundred 

doUara,  payable  on  the  -— •  day  of ,  with  — - 

per  cent.  Intereat,  payable  aeml-aaniiallyon  the 
Krat  daya  of  January  and  July  In  ea-.h  year  at  the 

Bank,  In  tha  city  of .  on  the  preeenuUon 

of  the  proper  coupon  hereunw  anneaed. 

ToUVond  Ulaaaed  la  purauance  of  an  act  of 
the  Oeneral  Aaaembly  (t  UMmx»m]9t  aaM  Itata 

of ,  enUUed  "An  Act,"  ate.  (wa*%r  /*«  <**). 

approved  (•r  paMwl)  the  — -r  J«l»' ,      , . 

la  tMtlmony  whereof,  the  Qovernpr  of  eald 
Btata  haacaacttted  theae  praaento,  duly  attaetad 
by  tha  aeal  of  aaM  State.  weA  coantarolcMd  by 
the  eecretary  and  auditor  (#r  coMraller),  the  — - 

teyof 

Dated  at ,  tWe day  of  — -. 

(Samtd)       O.  R., 

A.  iL,  AudUar  \tr  CMrMtr). 
latoMM  CoapMb       ^    

The  ttata  of win  pay  to  the  bearar,  at  the 

■aah,tnthecltyor ,---  dellara,  fur  aU 

moatha'  iatareet  due  the  —-  day  of ,  oa 

bond.  No. ,  tor  — -  dolUw.  _   ^    .,   . 

A.  R. .  i  Jo«f#r  V  Cmlniltr). 

UaftadMataa  of  Amariea. 

No. .        Tha  Towaahlp  of  — . 

Know  nU  men  far  tiMM  PTMoata]^ 

TbBtthetowa&lpot Jotadabtadto ,or 

bearer,  ta  Ua  ama  cf  --^doUare.tawfW  mooey 
of  the  United  atatea  of  Amariea.  pamMa  aa  ^ 
flrat  day  of  Kovamber,  la  tba/aar  of  oar  Lord 

,  wlUi  taterett  at  tha  #fet*  of — -  MF  *^t.  P*t 

annam.Myableae«(HUimiallyaattiol(Mdayaf 
May  aadMoyeaiber  I*  a»enr  year  JMtmttu  ontlS 
aald  principal  cam  ahall  be  dae,  ea  pt««entation 
of  the  aaaaMd  latarvM  wanaatt  ar  coopoao 

attha — ^aaah.lB'- — .^       ,^     .   , ^^_ 

Thia  bead  la  aaa  of  a  aafiaa  •/ bonds  iaaaed  by 
aald  towaahto  la  aarwiasea.of  aatli^rltar  veeted 
In  It  by  aa  aat  efaa  Oaaaial  Aaaambhr  («r  Lesit- 
Utun)  aTtb*  Statt  olF  — .  entitled  "Aa  Act  ta 
authoriae  the  tawaahlp  of ta  («<a/#  wi»t), 

*'Xnd!Se'tem*al  eaMltoamSup,  aad*  alM  the 
net  iacome  of  aald  — ,  and  the  ntoeaeda  of  an 
anaaaltasaf  aatliaathaa  tya  aODa  aa  the  d^ 
lar  Oil  tiM  taaahie  property  of  aiM  towaahlp  are 

S4  Pet.  «Ib:   io  M.  57*  i"  JWi-  ^•»:_aX*S'- 
;  3A-  KTUanh..^ :  i  CoaM.  40a:   1  inf  (S.  C.> 


thr  Triaelpol  t-nd 


•mo. 


pladved  for  the  paymaat  of 
intareet  of  eald  bond. 

In  wttneae  whereof,  the  — .  — —  aatf  — ~  of 
aald  to'wnahlp.  he«e  kcrauata  eet  their  hende  end 

alBaad  the  eeal  of  aald  tawoahlp,  at ,  la  — , 

thU day  of .       ,_.      ^. 

(&a/.]  (51{n-rf) 

■■••Mat  C*ap*a  •»  WmnrnmU 

Ms. . 

The  towaahlp  of wlU  pay  the  bearer,  at  tht 

Bank, doUare,  for  ela  moathe'  intcrcit 

due  the day  of .       _  _    ». 

•_-.  (5lfpM<)       T.  R.,  jytturtr. 

A  BiLt  or  ExcHANOK  U  a  written  order 
from  A.  to  B.,  directing  B.  to  pny  to  C.  a  sum 
of  money  titercin  named. 

A.  la  called  the  drawer,  B.  tha  drawee,  and 
C.  the  poyee.  Sometimes  A.,  the  drawer,  it 
himself  the  payee.  And  luually  the  bill  it  made 
payable,  not  to  the  payea  alone,  but  to  hit  order 
or  to  the  bearer.  When  B.,  the  drawee,  hu 
undertaken  to  pay  the  bill,  he  la  called  the 
acceptor. 

If  the  bill  it  made  payable  to  C,  «r  tt^Ttr, 
C.  may  transfer  the  bill  to  D.,  by  merely  deliv- 
ering it  into  hit  hands;  then  D.  stands  in  tlie 
same  situation  with  regard  to  B.,  the  acceptor, 
as  C.,  the  original  payee,  did. 

If  the  bill  be  payable  to  C,  w  tritr,  then 
C.  cannot  transfer,  except  hf  a  written  order, 
usually  on  the  back  of  the  bill,  called  an  in- 
doisement,  after  which  C.  is  called  the  indoner, 
and  D..  to  whom  it  may  be  so  trantfeired.  the 
indorsee. 

A  foreign  Ull  of  exchange  is  one  of  which 
the  drawer  and  drawee  are  residents  of  coun- 
tries foreign  to  rach  other.  In  this  respect  the 
.States  of  the  United  States  are  iMld  foreign  to 
each  other.* 

An  inland  bill  of  exchange  ia  one  oT  which 
the  drawer  and  drawee  are  residenU  of  the 
same  State  or  county.*  Tha  distinction  be- 
tween inland  and  foreign  Mils  becomes  faapor- 
unt  with  reference  to  the  qucttron  whether 
protest  and  iiotlca  arc  to  be  g^ven  in  case  of 
non-acceptance.*> 

A  hol«Icr  of  a  bill  of  exchange  is  tha  person 
who  is  legally  ia  the  possession  of  it.  either  by 
indorsement  or  deiivery,  or  both,  and  entitled 
to  receive  payment  either  from  the  drawer  01 
acceptor,  and  is  considert4  as  an  assigned  A 

The  bill  mut  be  writtcit*  it  mmt  bt  prop- 
erly dated  both  as  to  place  and  time  of  making.* 
The  Bufaacriptiaa  of  the  sum  for  which  the  bill 
is  payable  will  aid  an  omissioa  in  the  bill,  but 
it  is  not  ittdii^ensable.*  The  timeof  payment 
should  be  expressed;  but  if  no  time  is  men* 
tioned  it  is  considered  as  payal>  on  dei&and.i 
The  place  of  pMrment  may  be  prescribed  by  the 
drawer,!  or  by  Oe  acceptor  on  bis  aectptance,* 
but  i*  not.  as  a  general  practice ;  in  which  last 
case  the  bill  is  ocnsidered  as  paya^*'  and  to  be 
imr>ented  at  the  asoal  place  of  bi.     m  of  the 

otkar.MatTsaM.  sap:  tl^dip:  Oaii.*'.  (M.ft 
8.  •*.    »-Sac  J  Kant  CoBUB.es.    ©^  DO.  o-     «•« 

3 ;  *  Pai^a.  SM ;  t.B,  »  C.  jil :  •*  y>  Vt.  n. 
04  East.  PL  Or.  w«  r  «^- »  jS»-  ^T.  R.  *W!  a  B. 
*  C.  »».  Ur-Btai»«-.i««-  ««&*  Vj  C.1I.  43}- 


U9i 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


«47 


■nt  «f  thr  9r<Mlpal  i,iHl 

»h«  — , ••<  — of 

•uata  Mt  thair  handa  ind 
lownahlp,  at  — ,  la  — , 

(5i(r>W) . 


win  pay  tha  baarar,  at  tht 
for  all  moatlia*  Intirtn 

n4)       T.  R»  7Viaj|ir»r, 

NOI  it  a  writtm  order 
ig  B.  to  pny  to  C.  a  sun 
ed. 

wer,  B.  th«  drawee,  and 
iroes  A.,  the  drawer,  ii 
id  uiually  the  bill  it  made 
ee  alone,  but  to  hit  order 
ben  B.,  the  drawee,  has 
e  bill,  he  it  called  the 

Miyable  to  C,  #r  kjrer, 
II  to  D.,  by  merely  deliv- 
i|  then  D.  ttancu  in  the 
purd  to  B.,  tho  acceptor, 
ee,  did. 

lie  to  C,  0r  0rd*r,  then 
cept  bjr  a  written  order, 
if  the  Mil,  called  an  in- 
C.  it  called  the  indoner, 
ty  be  to  tnuuletred,  the 

[change  it  one  of  which 
«  are  reaidentt  of  coun- 
thcr.  In  thit  rctpect  the 
katet  are  held  foreign  to 

(Change  ia  one  of  which 
ree  are  retidenU  of  the 
r.>  The  distinction  be- 
ign  billt  beconca  impor- 
to  the  qncition  whether 
I  to  be  pven  ia  cate  of 

>f  exchange  it  fhe  Mfton 
pottettion  of  it,  eiiAcr  bjr 
ery,  or  both,  and  entitled 
Ither  from  the  drawer  ot 
dcr«4  at  an  aitignecA 
ritteii.*  It  mnit  be  ixop- 
lace  and  time  of  making.* 
be  tarn  for  which  the  bill 

ominion  in  the  biU,  but 
!.•   The  tinw'of  payment 

but  if  no  time  is  men- 
I  at  payab  on  demand* 
t  may  be  prescribrd  by  the 
licptor  on  kit  acceptance,* 
tl  practice ;  in  which  last 
ered  at  pa]^'~  and  to  l* 
I  place  of  bi.      Mof  the 

%\&.tn:  Gaw.s>:  iM.ft 

■Ma.  M.    e^  D*  M.    ••• 

5.    J-Baawia.  Ua.  liaN.  pi. 

B.ftC.3il;  aaaj»Vt»i. 

>M.Hae.pl.3:  •C.m.43}- 


drawee,'  at  hit  reeidence,  where  it  waa  made,  or 
to  him  pertonally  anywhere^  Such  an  order  or 
reauett  to  pay  mutt  be  made  at  demanding  a 
rignt  and  not  at  aaking  a  favor ;'  and  it  must 
be  abi'ilutA  and  not  cuntingeiit.'  Mere  civility 
in  the  termt  doet  not  alter  the  legal  effect  ot 
the  inatrument. 

It  should  be  addrewed  to  the  drawer  b/  the 
Christian  name  and  surname,  or  by  the  full  style 
of  the  firm." 

It  should  be  subscribed  by  the  drawer,  though 
it  is  sufficient  if  hit  name  appear  in  the  body  of 
the  instrument.* 

The  parties  to  a  bill  of  exchange  are  the 
drawer,  the  drawee,  the  acceptor,  and  the 
[Miyee.  Other  partiea  connected  with  a  bill 
m  cose  of  a  transfer,  as  partiea  Jo  the  trans- 
fer, are,  the  indocacr,  indorsee,  and  holder.  It 
sometime*  happens  that  one  or  more  of  the 
apparent  parties  to  a  bill  are  fictitioua  persons. 
The  rights  of  a  bonaj^dt  holder  are  not  thereby 
prejudiced  where  the  payee  and  indorser  are 
fictitious,*  or  even  "here  the  drawer  and  payee 
are  both  fictitious  •,"  and  all  the  di^erent  parties 
need  not  be  different  persona.*  The  qualili- 
cations  of  partiei  who  are  to  be  made  liable  by 
the  making  or  transfer  of  bflli  are  the  tame  at 
in  case  of  other  contracts. 

The  sum  for  which  the  bill  it  drawn  ihoold 
be  written  in  full  in  the  body  of  the  instrument, 
V-  the  words  in  the  b.)dy  govern  in  case  of 
doubt.'  The  amount  must  be  fixed  and  cer- 
tain,  and  not  cotitingent.*  It  must  be  payable 
in  money  and  not  in  merchandise,'  and  it  it  not 
negotiable  if  payable  in  bank  bills  or  in  cur- 
renor,  or  other  tuhatitute*  for  legal  money  of 
similar  denominationt." 

Worii  rtquiringpaymml.  The  word  pay  it 
not  necetsary ;  deliver  is  equally  operative,'  as 
well  at  other  words,"  but  they  mutt  be  word* 
requiring  payment.*  A  bill  should  designate 
the  payee  ;7  but  where  no  payee  U  detigitated, 
the  bolder  by  indorsement  may  fill  the  blank 
with  hit  own  name,*  and  if  payable  to  bearer  it 
is  sufficient.*  To  make  it  negotiable  it  must  be 
payablo  to  the  order  of  the  payee,  or  to  the 
bearer,  or  mutt  contain  oflwr  equivalent  and 
operative  wordt  of  transfer.*  But  negotiability 
is  not  necetiaiy  to  the  validity  of  a  bill  in 
Endand  and  the  United  Sutes.* 

Value  received  it  often  inserted,  but  it  not 
of  any  uae  in  a  negotiable  bill.< 

Various  noviaiont   may  be    made  by  the 

drawer  and  interted  &<  a  part  of  the  bill,  at  for 

1-irPem.  St.  416.  J-io  ft.  ft  C.  4:  M.  ft  W.  iSit 

"•■^•fV  <JJ.M«sh..«:   •  Ohio, .7*:  »Mh., 
m;  s  Aik.  4M  i   I  La.  Ai,.  4«!   10  Tuiaa.  t»:  M-a 

Kilt,  .«•     ■j'Li.  Raym.  •«•:   i  Str.  har,    t  Iowa, 

l^tBBi  yCona.  iiq:  i  Nntt.  ft 
ati  sac  7  Miss.  u. 
iy««».7«:»Hffi. 


wi'^i'm^.mr^"-^ 


■•alia 


m»jC. Ctii  aid.  lat:  . n 
iS9i  itVta(i:|H«a«l(.t7i:<U.3g| 


applying  to  another  person ;  for  a  return  with- 
out protest;  for  limiting  the  damages  for  re- 
exchange,  expense,  etc.,  in  cose  of  the  failure 
or  refusal  of  'he  drawee  to  accept  or  to  pay.* 

-As  per  advice,  Inserted  in  a  bi  !,  deprives  the 
drawee  of  authority  to  pay  the  bill  until  advised. 

A  direction  to  place  to  the  account  of  some 
one,  drawer,  drawee,  or  third  person,  it  oAen 
added,  but  is  unneLcasary.' 

mil  wr  BxelMNv«-ti«ss«r«l  rwrsw. 

• .        ,  t  >    -  ^'•** 1  Data . 

_ oaye  (or  monlhii>  after  aiglil  (»r  dau)  pay  to 

C.or  order, dollara,  value  racalvad  ion  «o- 

<=""«  of .  •»•,  aud  charga  to  ih*  account  of). 

To  B.  (at) '      /n, 

•Tl    .  ^      ^  Waca ,  Data , 

tiatydaya  aftar  data  {or  »ighi)  pay  to  P.  «..  or 
order,  riva  Hundred  Dollara.  D.  R. 

ToD.  B.  (al) 

Bill  wr  BxclMHC»-AI  wr  An*>r  Rlwist. 

No-  -— •  Place ,  Data . 

At  aichk  (»»•—-  days  afkar  •ighi)  pay  to  tha  ardor 
or  p.  B.,  -- —  dollara.  and  charge  tha  aama  to  tha 
account  of  n  b 

ToD.  R..  at .  "•*• 

Bill  wr  Bxcli*st«»-Aa«r  ■>**•,  ••«. 

• •  .         ^      .  Place ,  Data . 

daya  aftar  data  (»r  on  tha day  of \, 

pay  to  the  order  of  P.  R., dollara. 

_    _     Value  racalvad.  D.  R. 

ToD.  R.. at . 

Bill  mt  ItechasaM-Aa  par  I,«M«r  mt 

Aflvle4). 

Aa  pjr  latter  of  advica,  pay  to  P.  R.,  or  order, 
-— ■  dollara,  and  charge  to  tha  account  of 

ToD.  R., at .  D.R. 

Bllta  mt  ExehMi 


Rxchange  for 
altar 

and  thlrtl  unpaid') 


i»e   Rei 

Plaea 
-  Bterllni 


>t  mt  rwrolint. 

,  Date . 


of 


-  ":,•?«■ -Jt,  •>'  thia  Fl'tisf  of  exchange  (iceoad 

id  thlrtl  unpaid)  pty  to  tha  order  of  P.  R. 

Valua  racalvad  and  charge  tha  aama  to  account 


To  D.  R. 
Ne . 


at- 


D.  R. 


«...         ^  Place ,  Date . 

Rxch;  nga  for  < Starling. 

-TT.!!?*'  -t:  of  «»•  SECOS  D  of  aichMiga  (fliat 

aiKl  third  unpaid)  pay  to  tha  order  of . 

Value  received  and  charge  the  aama  to  aeceont 


ToD.  R., at- 
No. . 


O  R. 


8. 


.Place ,Data. 


Rxchange  fbr  «—  Bterliiw.  ~ 

:r'J^' — ;J*>'  *•*♦•  THUd  of  e*cbaate(flf«t 
•nd  atcood  unpaid)  pay  to  tha  order  of . 

Value  received  and  charge  the  aamc  to  acceuat 
or  D  B 

No. . 

5  Ark.  oai ;  13  Id.  la ;  Contni  15  Ohio,  iit ;  l<  Id.  « : 
ly  Mlaa.  My :  o  Mo.  fey :  6  Arfc.  ajs :  1  Texas,  13.  aA. 
5«3  J  4  a\  (S.  S.)  U:  W-a  U.  Ky»<.  •«; :  «  mIS! 
36«.  W^  C.  B.  MO.  K-io  Ad.  ft  E.  98.  "Ummt  plaira 
it.'^^.l  la,  in  France,  the  pr^er  binguaga  of  a  bill. 


■L.lT-'^..  "•  1"  "»»«»•  "2  prroer  nnguaga  01  a  Mil. 
Hiiiiet.  ftlan.  S41.  ]r.«6  Eqg.  L.  ft  Eq.  404 ;  3«  Id. 
««S:  II  BaA.  a*!  :  13  Oa.  jj:  30 Miss,  m:  16  llT i«a, 
andaeeiE.D.Sail«fi,  t;  8  Ind.  18.  B-aM.  ftS.  got 
#Caiiipl>.9y:  an  «Ala.  (A.  S.)  M.  m-s  Burr.  iu6. 
k-i8alk.  jja;  lA.  Raym.  1541:   «T.  R.  1.3;  9  tfft 

aOUf,»4«!  iHaiTing.(I>cl.V3».  sHomoh.  eJa:  1 
Oa.  »|«^  a  Ohio,  aya.  e-3  Rent  Coram.  78 :  6  T.  R. 
laj;  eTawnt.  3a8:  g  lohna.  117:  loGiU.  ft  J.  aqg;  jt 
Penn.  St,  so6.  d-aVcLean  C.  C.  «3  i  3  Met.Tll^laa.l 
3«3 :  15  M«.  131 ;  3  Rich.  413 ;  >  Whint,  877 ;  4Fta.  47: 
«  P«in.  St.  s<t.' -MAItty  B»la,  iSt.  ¥-fcdU  ifi 
MertA.  F.  } ;  i  B.  ft  C.  398.  ^ 


BILLS,  BONDS.  AND  NOTES. 


Ckkm. 

A  t*rHfi*d  c\Kk  Is  •  cli«ck  which  hu  b««n 
racognistd  by  lh«  \itv\m  officer  u  •  vatid  cp 
proprittion  of  the  Mnoint  of  money  ihereiu 
•(Kcified  to  the  penon  therein  named,  and 
which  bean  upon  ilielf  the  evidence  nf  «uch 
recognition.  Certification  of  a  check  i«  uiually 
•ccompliihed  by  wrllin({  the  name  of  the  officer 
authoriied  to  bind  ;He  liank  in  that  manner 
MroMi  the  face  of  the  cieck.i  There  i*  a  prac- 
tice of  marking  checai  "  good  "  by  the  banker, 
which  fixe*  his  re»pon«ibillt¥  to  pay  that  par- 
ticular check  when  presented,  ana  amount*,  in 
fact,  to  an  acceptance.  Such  a  marking  it 
called  certifying;  and  ch'scka  to  nuurkcd  ai« 
called  certified  checks. 

A  Chtek  is  a  written  srder  or  i«qa<at,  ad- 
dreued  to  a  bank,  or  persons  carrying  on  the 
business  of  banking,  by  a  party  having  money 
in  their  hands,  desiring  them  to  pay,  on  pre- 
tenifflent  to  the  person  therein  named,  or  bearer, 
or  to  such  person,  or  order,  a  specified  sum  of 
money.  The  chief  differences  between  checks 
and  bills  of  exchange  are  i  1st.  A  check  Is  not 
due  until  presented,  and,  consequently.  It  can 
be  negotiated  at  any  time  before  presentment, 
and  yet  not  subject  the  holder  to  any  of  the 
equities  existing  between  the  previous  parties.* 
ad.  The  drawer  of  a  check  is  not  discharged 
for  want  of  immediate  presentment  with  dee 
diligence,  while  the  drawer  of  a  bill  of  ex- 
change Is.  The  drawer  of  a  check  is  only  dis- 
charged by  »*ich  neglect  when,  he  sutUins  actual 
damage  t^  it,  and  then  only  fro  lanto}  3d. 
The  death  of  the  drawer  of  a  check  rescinds 
the  authority  of  the  banker  to  pay  it ;  while  the 
death  of  the  drawer  of  a  bill  of  exchange  dooa 
not  alter  the  relations  of  the  part'es?  4th. 
.  Checks,  unlike  UHs  of  exchange,  are  Arnvn 
payable  without  grace,*  A  bank  check  h  sub- 
ttantially  the  same  as  an  inland  bill  of  tx- 
diange;  it  passc-s  by  delivery  when  payable  to 
bearer,  and  the  rules,  as  to  presentment,  dili- 
gence, of  the  holder,  etc.,  which  art  >ppllo«U« 
to  one,  are  generally  appticaUa  to  tae  other.' 
Checks  are  in  use  only  between  bank*  and 
b.tnkerw  and  their  customers,  and  are  designed 
to  faeiUuie  banking  operations.  It  la  of  their 
irery  esaence  to  be  payable  on  deBiand,  because 
the  contract  between  the  banker  and  cnstomer 
is  that  the  money  is  payable  on  demand."  A 
check  on  a  banker  is,  in  legal  effect,  an  inland 
bill  of  exchange,  drawn  on  a  banker,  payaUe 
to  bearer,  on  demand,  and  subject,  in  general, 
to  the  mics  which  regulate  the  righto  and  Ha- 
Ulitie*  of  parties  to  btlls  of  exchange.*  It  Is 
generally  made  payable  to  bearer,  but  ito  char- 

S-Sevall,  Bulk.    SMCnecic*.  Js-i  J<W  Ca*.  s. 
•  :  jTftCjM:  Chlw»Bi!bmEd.f54«-    M.Cow. 

Cas. 5,  tjg :  lo Wend.  joA:  t  HiH. 41}    h%  Mas.  ft  O- 
ST.  sn    ■■•»  W«id.?« :  «  Mill.  m.  >4  Mar.  It  J. 

im:  BComh, 4^:   i  Blackf  kh:  '4  SWd.  190.     ■»- 
.r*rwd.  v^pt.  R.  4HU.<««:  «  Wand.  4«  J.COW. 

fSi  oarty  Morivliqi  a  check  has  BlI  d*»  fenewiai  toy 
lo  pNMM  It,  whws  thw  ■»•  ordlnanr  inmm  of  Mat 


KiWkJPiS'ti-'a^  L  ViLfi'e? 


acler  is  not  changed  by  the  fact  that  it  Is  made 
payable  to  the  oi^er  a«  the  person  to  whom  it 
IS  given.*  Bcins  indorsed,  the  holder,  if  he 
would  ]imerve  his  right  to  resort  lo  the  drawers 
and  indootcrs,  must  use  the  same  diligence  in 
presenting  it  for  payment  and  in  giving  notice 
(if  the  drawer's  default,  as  that  would  tw  re- 
quired of  him  as  the  holder  of  an  inland  bill.' 
A  check  ought  lo  be  drawn  within  the  Slate 
where  the  bank  is  sUuated,  Ucause  if  not  so 
drawn  they  become  foreig^  bills  of  exchange, 
subject  to  the  law  merchant.    This  law  re- 

3uires  that  they  be  protested,  and  that  due 
lligence  b«  i»ed  in  presenting  'hem,  in  order 
to  hold  the  drawer  and  indorst!!*.  It  Is  not 
necessary  to  use  diligen<:e  in  presenting  an 
oidinary  check  in  order  to  charge  the  drawer, 
unless  ne  ha*  received  damage  ny  the  delay.* 
It  must  be  presented  for  payment  within  a 
reasonable  time;  and  It  is  asserted  that  the 
holder  Is  required  to  use  even  greater  diligence 
in  presenting  it  for  payment  than  is  necessary 
in  preaenting  common  inland  bills  of  exchange.' 
The  maker*  or  drawer's  nndeitaking  is  not 
tdat  he  will  pay  the  amount,  but  that  the  bank 
will  pay  it  on  presentment,  'ifhe  drawer  of  a 
checkis  not  discharged  by  the  holder's  failure 
to  present  it  in  due  time,  unleai  he  have  sus- 
tained actual  prejudice,  as  by  the  failaro  of  the 
bankc.  ■ 

In  common  with  other  kinds  01  negotiable 
paper,  they  must  contain  an  order  to  pay 
money,  and  word*  of  negotiabiUty.  This 
enables  a  immfith  holder,  for  value,  lo  collect 
the  money  without  rcsard  to  the  previow  S\%- 
tory  of  the  paper.'  Thejr  must  be  properly 
signed  by  the  penon  or  firm  keeping  the  ac- 
count at  the  banker**}  and  It  U  part  of  the  Im- 
plied contract  of  the  banktr  U^at  only  checks 
so  dgned  shall  ha  paid. 

Check*  being  pyable  on  demixnd  an  not  to 
be  accepted,  bnt  prownted  at  onca  for  pay- 
ment. 

Giving  a  check  it  no  payment  anlev  the 
check  is  paid.*  But  a  tender  waa  held  good 
when  made  by  a  check  contained  ii  a  letter, 
reqnesdng  a  receipt  111  return,  which  the  pfadn- 
titfacni  back,  demanding  a  larger  sum  wfthost 
objecting  to  the  nature  tM  fte  tender.* 

A  check  cannot  be  the  suliject  of  a  gift  Ivi  woa- 
pect  of  death,  unless  it  is  presented  and  pdUd 
during  the  lUe  of  the  donor  (  because  his  ilcath 
ivTokes  the  banker's  anthoritv  to  pay.*  Thcngh 
in  such  a  case  a  check  ha*  Men  considered  as 
of  a  testamantary  character.* 

Checks  written  acroes  with  the  word  "  me».%- 
onndum  "  or  "mem."  are  given  thus,  not  »» 


bwiUai  hoofs  of  the  wuci  day  wMria  wUek  te  tMSM 
3rsi  as  uTaas:  w  Id.  ja«:  »  Siwt  C.  C.  m,  sss. 


*iaad.  ft  Rob 


4oti  «  Sedit_(M.  R.)  siSi  I*»Si 
Ceatn.  (sdi  td.)  los, «.  Su 


imry  ProM.  NoMa,  {im. .  ^ 

Comai.lt.  i.iII*M,«»,»K4jo<ws.sj»j  Ti.ftjC 
n«i  »  Hch.  SOS.  v-i  Bouv.  last.  *,  uiw^.  WM  mmum 
Ck.  sae.   s-jCwt.  Bed.  *SB. 


IILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


th«  fact  that  it  h  made 
ih«  penon  to  whom  it 
■ed,  the  holder,  If  he 
to  rnort  to  ihc  drawcn 
!  the  tame  diligence  in 
It  and  In  giving  notice 
,  aa  that  woala  be  re- 
Ider  or  an  Inland  blll.P 
Irawn  within  the  State 
Kied,  Iwcauae  if  not  ao 
igr  bills  of  exchange, 
srchsnt.  Thii  law  re- 
oteaied,  and  that  due 
lamting  fhem,  in  order 
d  indoncra.  It  ii  noi 
»n«:t  in  ;irea«ntin|{  an 
r  to  charge  the  drawer, 

damage  liy  the  delay,* 

for  pajrtnent  within  a 
it  ia  aaMrte<l  that  the 
B  «ven  greater  diligence 
ment  than  ia  neccaMry 
iland  billa  of  enchange.' 
ir'a  undertaking  ia  not 
[Mint,  but  that  IM  banic 
ent,    Th«  drawer  of  a 

bf  the  holdtr'a  failure 
le,  unleaa  he  have  aut- 

u  bjr  the  failuro  of  the 

wr  kinda  of  negotiable 
tain  an  order  to  jnjr 
t  negotiaUUtjr.  Thn 
Icr,  for  value,  to  collect 
ard  to  the  previom  'iii 
lirr  iBuat  be  properly 
>r  firm  keq>ing  the  ac- 
andit  Lipwrtoitheim- 
uiktr  Uiat  only  check<« 

e  on  denuMid  art  not  to 
enlcd  at  one*  for  pay- 
no  payment  onloa  tbe 
I  tender  was  beld  good 
k  contained  tvi  a  letter, 
return,  which  the  plain- 
ng  a  larger  anm  wtthost 
t>f  the  tender.* 
t  aubject  of  a  gift  hi  pvoa- 
:  ia  preaented  and  ^Ulid 
onor;  becanae  hia  i\eath 
thoriwtopey.*  Thtagh 

haa  been  conaidefetl  aa 
xsMr." 

•  with  the  word  '•  mett- 
'  are  given  thna,  not  aa 
lay  wMMa  wkiah  ••  mmk 
I: •Cam.  SSI  f^waad. 
6:  I*  Simr*  C.  C.  m,  sta. 

sjolma.  Caa.aiiaa. -- 

toryPfMB*  V 
4  Daa.^  !••. 


sn;  I 


149 


an  ordinary  check,  but  u  a  memorandum  of 
indebtedneu ;  and  between  partie*  this  leem* 
(o  be  their  only  effect.  But  in  the  hand*  of  a 
third  party,  for  value,  I  hey  have  all  the  force 
of  checks  without  such  word  of  restriction.' 

CHECK  WOUUU. 

»-—-•_  _   _         Waea ,  Data— -. 

A.  B.  pay  to  P.  B.,  ar  bearer  («r  trdfrj,  —. 
dollara.  g),  a. 

>  '    '•  Piac* ,  Data . 

rirat  Natlanal  Bank,  pay  to  lh«  order  of  P.  B. 
—  dallara.  D.  R. 

A  CUTiriCATK  OP  DKPoaiT  is  on  the  same 
footing  at  a  promisaory  note.*  It  changea  the 
character  oi  a  custodian  of  the  fundt  to  that 
of  a  debtor.* 

cBBTiricATB  or  DBroarr  rosMB. 

B.  R.  ■.  *Co.,Baakera. 
•— •  Plaee  — ,  Data  — . 

D.  R.  bM  depoaltad  with  ua dollara,  pay. 

tbi*  to  P.  B.  iff  IH$mttV) or  orderfon niurn  of  ilits 
uniAcaM).  g.  R.  %.  «  Co. 

A  Promissory  note  it  a  written  promite  to 
in.,  a  certain  turn  of  money  at  a  future  time 
unconditionally.* 

A  holder  of  a  promittory  note  it  one  to  whom 
a  promlttorv  note  it  indorsed  fet  collection  at 
an  agent,  tor  the  purpoae  of  trantmitting  no- 
tlcet.* 

A  pmmiaaory  note  dtfTers  from  a  mete 
ickiiowledgment  of  debt  without  any  promite 
(u  pay,  aa  when  the  debtor  gives  hit  creditor 
sn  I.  O.  U.*  In  itt  form  it  usually  containa  a 
promite  to  pay,  nt  a  time  therein  expretaed,  a 
sum  of  money  to  a  penon  therein  named,  or  to 
y:-%  order,  for  value  received.  It  it  dated  and 
signed  by  the  maker.    It  is  never  under  aeal. 

A  ikote  by  two  or  more  makert  may  be  either 
joint  or  joint  and  several.  A  note  aigned  by 
more  than  one  person,  and  beginning,  "We 
promite,"  etc.,  is  a  joint  note  only.  A  joint 
ind  several  note  luually  expreasa  that  the 
makers  jointly  and  aeverally  promise.  But  a 
note  aigned  by  more  than  one  person,  and  begin- 
i)ing, "  I  promiae,"  etc.,  ia  aeveral  as  well  aa 
joint.*  So,  a  note  beginning.  "  I  promite," 
and  tk[ned  by  one  partner  for  hit  copartners, 
is  a  jom^  note  of  all.^  A  note  In  the  form  "  I 
proQiiae,"  etc.,  subacribed  by  two  persom,  te  a 
joint  and  several  note.a  Persons  who  sign 
their  names  to  a  note  will  be  presumed  to  be 
joint  makers  in  the  abaence  of  anything  to  the 
contrary  on  the  face  of  the  note.*  But  one  of 
the  tigneis  of  a  note,  joint  in  form,  it  nor  ea- 
topped  by  itt  termi  from  showing  that  he  ia 
surety;  anch  thowing  doea  not  contravene  tha 
itimilations  of  the  note.' 

No  (trecise  words  of  contract  are  esaeittia)  in 
a  promitaory  note,  provided  they  amonnt  in  a 

y-Sjoty  Prom.  Njjts,  |  «».■-«  «.  » ;  t*  Id.  50J. 
!!:7  M.  S4}.  k-7  W.  ft  S.  ad*;  ■  Hunph.  143:  10 
W«d.  «n:  •  AU.  idj:  7  M,.  V.mQgm  S3«:  •  »•  H. 
J64  i  7  Vera.  n.  e-w  Johns,  jn ;  a  Hall,  tis ;  6  How. 
«4.    *-S««  t  Yerg,  •'    -  — 

Huar  "^ 


Him.  37a .  _ 
:  IS  H.  R  «r. 
"'  a-P* 

-    „--  dnniUr 

niMd  by  twMial,  U  wvarat  as  wdl  ai  JoiM ;  >  Lutw.  <9S 


Humph.  143 ;  «  Ala:  (??."S.5  m   , 
N.  P.C.  474:  so  a  bene;  )a  tli«  aii 


*3;  but  t«a  t 

••P«ak«,  iM:  Holt 

mlier,  txa- 


!  Caatp.  403;  10  East.  i«4  S.  C 
M«iLSljjlWlay,IO:.>'Byl^ 
7«.    k-aoAh- 370;  iCarttr 
J-Aad  WMN  Kit-  aa  aaacutad 


f-ii  Johns.  S43. 

.  S.  C.  hS:  Ffi 

I  Cartsrcfad.)  spi.    l-s  Kat 


'osier, 

4«3. 

a  not*  waa 


legal  eflitct  to  a  promite  to  pay.J  A  promkw 
to  deliver  the  money,  or  to  be  accountable  for 
it,  or  that  the  payee  shall  have  it,  is  sufRcient.k 

Although  a  promiaaorv  note,  in  its  original 
thape,  bears  no  reaembiance  to  a  bill  of  ex- 
change, yet  when  Indorsed  It  It  exactiv  timtlar 
to  one ;  for  (hen  it  is  an  order  by  the  'indorser 
of  the  note  upon  the  maker  to  pay  the  indorsee. 
The  indorser  Is,  aa  it  were,  the  drawer;  the 
maker,  the  accentor;  and  the  indorsee,  the 
payee.'  Moat  of  the  rulea  applicable  to  billa 
of  exchange  equally  affect  promisHory  notea. 

There  are  two  principal  oualities  essential  to 
the  validity  of  a  note :  1.  That  it  be  payable  at 
"ll  events,  and  not  dependent  on  any  coniin- 

•ncy."  a.  It  it  required  that  it  be  for  the 
payment  of  money  only,*  not  in  bank  notes.* 

A  prumiisory  note  payable  to  order,  or 
bearer,  pataei  by  indorsement,  and  the  holder 
may  bnng  suit  on  it  in  his  own  name.  And 
though  a  aimple  contract  a  sufficient  considera- 
tion u  implied  from  iu  nature.' 

■•rrte<l  Weaaaai'a  nmU  lai  W.  T. 

S •  Placa- — ,  Data— » 

Per  value  ra«alvad,  I  promlaa  to  pay  A.  B.,  er 

ardar, dollara,  one  year  from  datn  with  Im 

taraat.      And  I   harabjr   charca   my  IndivMaal 
property  and  aetata  with  the  paymaM  of  thm 

IitsllMta  r«mBi. 

•— '-^  Plaea  -— ,  Data  — — , 

— — .  Days  after  data,  for  value  raaalved,  I 
aromlaa  to  pey  to  P  B ,  er  bearer  («r  onkr),  — ~ 
deltara  wltbaul  dcfUaalleB  for  value  raaalvad. 

M.  R. 

VeatteylVKala  r«rtBi. 

Placa ,  Data  — — . 


raealvad 


-  daya  after  date  I  promiaa  to  pay  P.  B.  tor 
Uj-—  doUara,  without  dafalcatiea.    Value 


■leeMiH  T* 


MR. 


Barn*  as  abovs,  saetpt  it  concludas  —  tor  valea 
received ;  najtatiabla  and  payable,  without  de- 
faleatloa  or  dMceunt. 


Ctoit«i«l   1 

fcr~l_^         ...     ^       ?•••• — ^^Data, — . 

Niaaty  daya  after  data  I  promiaa  te  pay  P.  B.. 

or  bearer  («r  ordn),  Ave  hundred  dollara,  at , 

with  intaraat  tharaoa.at  the  rata  •t nrecnt. 

Mr  annum,  from  data  («r  auuiriiy)  until  paid. 
Value  received.  U.i. 


• — -  Place .Data——. 

6b  the day  of ,  I,  M.  R.,  i:  • ,  In  — 

aouBty,  Bute  oT ,  promiaa  to  pay  P.  B.  (f 

order),  at  the  —  Banh,  ia , dellara,  witk 

intaraat  at  the  rate  of  -v- par  eeat.  per  aanum, 
from  data  («r  awMiirity),  uBtil  pai^^  aa^  <oa*3  and 
aapeBaaa  of  cellactloa,  If  net  pidd  wbc&  >:  jt ;  la 
(part  fr  fiiU)  payman.  for  («Mlf  tarU/),  ttia  CM  of 
which  ahall  remain  la  aald  P.  B.  un&  thia  note  is 
ftiUypeld.  M.  R. 


c 


B      ,  **  Piaca    .III    Data  - 

Oa  damaad  I  promiaa  to  pay  P.  *,,,  er  order  («r> 

bearar). dollara,  fbr  value  re«et#ad.     If.  R. 

Iven,  exprtusil  to  b«  "for  <to,  borrowed  aad  received," 
lit  at  the  and  were  ihe  words, "  arhicb  I  ptaalse  nrvtr 
to  pay,"  the  word  Mswr  was  r^Jcclad,  a  Atk.  3; ;  4 
Camp.  IIS :  Bayicy.  s  M.  s ;  6  B.  ft  C.  433 ;  13  Ina. 
C.  L:  »7-  k-Ch.V  Bills,  S3.  M.  1-4  Bwr.  ^egT* 
T.R.MS:  3  Burr.  itt4.    MB^o  Pick.  131 :  si  Id.  13a. 

Wbb.  S03;  9  MiM.  »»:  3 Pick,  mi;  4Hawks.  io»;  | 
How.  3««;  •-foS.  ft  it.  Mi  4  watts,  400;  »i  Vt.s1B| 
Contra  9  J<Aaa.  iw:  19  Id.  144.  »-Saa  s  Com.  Ok 
>33.  «>.  i>>.  41*i  Saidi  Mare.  L.  J^S  a.  L;  4  B.  C;  C 
S3$:  iC«ir.  ftlC.  i<. 


ISO 


■ILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


ilMMirv  M««f~' 


««i»r««t|r. 


9m  vaiua  r«««iv«4  I  giMraiiM*  th«  parmanl  (*r 
wUMilon,  #»•  eoMboMb*ll«T>  of  »M  wMkIn  o«»». 
D«M4  — '.  ^-  *■ 

■ Wm« ,  !)•»• 

day*  aftat  data  "Wa  promUa,"  au.  (m 

■     ■). 

-  ftaaa .  Data . 

daya  aflar  data  "  Wa.  ar  atlhar  el  ua"  (#r 

«a,  Jotiuly  •"•'  ••»«»"»).  ••«■  '*'  **••») 
/VMMtaMrjr   W»«a»--IN»ir«W«  •»  •  r««r« 
tl««l*r  riM«. 

t Kaea ,  tM» . 

daya  aftar  data  I  (•r  w«.  »r  •lihar  of  u«,  «r  wa, 

lotnily  and  •awrally),  nranilaa  to  pay  to  tha  ordaf 

if  P.  ■..  at  tba iaoh.  in  —-(»'  i^Pl^tt, 

tUugniUimt  U).  dotlara,  with  Intarttat,  au. 

Valua  racatvad.  ''■•  "■ 

A  Judgmant  luxa  I*  a  promlMnry  nota  glvan  la  tha 
auul  feria,  and  containing  In  addliion,  »  »jwar  of  at- 
toraay  to  i  Mar  and  cnnlm*  Jiid«nMn(  Tor  iha  mob 
Iharafa  naaiair  ll  ucwally  eonuln.  a  raai  nurnkw  of 
MlpuUtloot  ai  lo  iht  lima  of  canla*>*ng  lh«  Judima»j,« 
uiilnM  appaal  aad  othar  raaiadlw  lor  Mllinf  iha  Judg- 
BW««aiUla,«aBdolharcoiJlil(>iia» 

Omhom  /•#.«•- »VM  ITa/vr. 

Placa ,  Data 


.or 

rataoi 


aflar  data    promlaa  to  pay  • 

kowtr, dollara.  with  Intaraat  at  tha ,. 

par  aant.  par  aanum,  from  maturity  until 

Cald,  aud  without  dafalaatlon.  And do  hara- 
y  conflMa  Judgmant  for  tba  abovo  aum.  with  In- 
taraat and  aoata  of  auli.  a  ralanaa  of  all  arrota  and 
walvar  of  all  righia  to  Inf  uMtlon  and  appaal.  and 
to  tbo  bonaftt  of  all  lawa  aaampUng  raal  or  par- 
aonalpcpottyf^-Unr^^d-Ji.^  ,    fWl 

•MkHMnr  »»«•  Mmi»mm»mt  «•«•. 

f»7M  Wshr  mmd  Ptmtr  ^  AlUriuf. 

Sea  AoaiKT,  ATToaitiya,  «bo»a. 

m  Piaaa         Data        , 

after  date  1  far  waj.  tha  undaraigaad  (of 

).  promlaa  te  paqr 4ollaro  te  tha  •— -  Buh 

•r ,  or  ordaf  at  thair  oAaa  In .  for  valua 

raealvad,  with  Intaraat  at  tha  rate  of  -—  par  oant. 
por  annum,  ham  maturity  unti^^.^      ^^ 

Know  aU  man  by  thaaa^pranante  i    .  ^  ^    ^ 
that  I,  tha  undaraifnad,  am  juatly  IndaMod  te 

tha Bank  of ,  upon  •  oartnln  premlanary 

nota  of  avon  date  barowtth,  fm  -^- doUwa,  vnlua 
raealvad,  with  Intaraat  at  tha  mte  or — par  aont. 

Cr  annum,  Ikom  maturity  untU  paid,  and  mn- 
ring— — . 

Now.  thartibra.  In  aonaMamtlon  of  tha  praml- 
•aa  I  4a  haraby  mnha,  e«nalHttte  and  npfotet 
— ,  or  any  attornay  of  any  aonrt  or  raaord,  to  ba 
my  tmo  and  InwM  attomay,  Irravoaably  ter  and 
In  my  wfm;  placa,  and  Maad.  M  •WMrta  any 
oaurt  of  roaord.  In  farm  tima  or  In  vnaMlon.  in 
•ny  Stete  or  Tarritory  of  tha  U  nitad  SMtea,  at 
any  tIma  alter  tha  aold  note  baaomaa  dua,  to 
wahra  tha  aarvlea  of  procaaa,  and  cenfbaa  Judg- 


_liiL- 
doHara, 


mant  In  ftvor  of  tha  aold  bewh,  or  their  aa 
upon  aold  note,  for  tha  amooM  tbaraof  and 
aat  tharaoa,  togathar  with  coote  and  — -  dw.»., 
nttornaya*  naa:  and  niao  te  Ala  n  cognovH  mr  tha 
amount  tharaof,  with  an  agraamant  tharain,  that 
BO  procaading  In  arror  or  appaal  aholl  ba  Praia 
autad,  or  buTof  aquliqraiad  to  intarflira  M  any 

■•II  n.  fa}.  ^.S 

4fS;  tPaiia.8t.foii 


lo :  *o  Id.  (9t :  a  Cow. 

•  Vfi-  »-S«aOanmAi.ST*T 

, ^  _,„,  ^ . wan,  IT;  ji  Pann.  St.  y* 

■aailmary  note  iaiporta  a  eoaaidatation,  and  nona 

ba  prov^  ariwt  It  ba  Impmchad.  •  Vt.  i«si  i7JohM 
|Dii  »»d.S«»J  aBaUay.45«i  <N^.$ii:  9Johm. 
tir;9Coaa.s4S:   Minor.  iBa;   $  Vhaai.  J77 ;  s  P«»- 

!k.njl;   yWattt.  i}o:   j Watla  It  8w|  ■«.     %.s 

m,  ft  Cr«a.  109 ;  3  Johm.  Cm.  5.  as9 : 4  ««'.  <4«.  •• 

I  Johaa. Cat.  si :  sUU  to;  •  J(taa. 4M :  s  Wend.  fee. 

H-j  Cowan,  iji.    Tha  Indorna  who  uku  the  note  after 

madaatakaalttaltlect  to  aU  the  e^uiUet  between  tiie 


■•II  n.  fa}.   •.Sea  g  l< 

?aiia.  81.  foi :  IS  ifl.  K^.  _ 

%-^rl«,«ts  ICowaniW:}!  Penn. St.  >b6.   i^ 


manner  with  tha  aparatlan  af  aald  Judgmaat.  ant 
alao  to  ralaaaa  all  arrara  that  may  Intervene  in 
the  aatarlag  up  of  eald  ludginent  or  leaning  •«•- 
eutlan  thereon :  to  waive  all  baaaAta  wlilali  t 
may  bo  eatltled  to  by  virtue  of  any  homeateaii, 
eaeraptloa,  appralaament,  ar  valualiaa  law,  new, 
ar  harealtor  In  foree.  wharavar  euch  ludf«««n« 
may  ba  eatarad  or  enfnrcrd.  hereby  ratifying  and 
aonlrmiag  all  that  my  eaid  attorney  ahall  or  may 


WAaaaamyhandthU *•/•'! 

( WUntu\       {SUgmd)       A. 


-,A.D . 

B.    |Sm/| 

CONtlDBRATIDN.  Ncgcrtlobla  notn 
and  billi  of  axchanga  ara  pr««umad  to  have 
boon  made  for  a  valid  and  adequaia  conaidert- 
lion,  and  whether  they  purport  lo  have  baen 
Iflvan  for  valua  raceivad  or  not,  it  it  unna- 
c-iaary  for  th«  plaintiff  in  the  lirat  Inatar  e 
to  alloga  or  provt  a  con«id«rail  it.*  In  ihit  re- 
apact  they  differ  from  othar  ,*rol  conJractt. 

Between  tha  original  |>artl«a  tha  connidert- 
lion  may  be  Inouirad  into,'  but  the  burtlen  of 
proof  llci  on  the  defendant  to  rebut  tha  pre- 
tumption  raiacd  by  Implicalion  of  law.*  The 
conaideralkm  may  alao  ba  inquired  into  when 
tha  plaintiff  Ukea  the  note  wfter  it  become* 
dua,<  or  hoa  boon  diahonored  ;•  for  in  auch  cam 
the  purchaaor  tokot  U  tutiiect  lO  avery  defence 
which  axtited  against  it  before  it  wot  nego- 
tiated I*  but  it  lioa  with  the  defendant  to  ihow 
thai  tha  plaintiff  rewived  it  after  it  waa  due.' 
Tha  conaidorotion  may  also  be  inquirod  into 
wbera  the  plaintiff  purchaocd  the  note  or  bill, 
knowing  it  to  b«  void  in  the  hands  of  tha  party 
from  whom  h«  received  it,  either  on  account 
of  fraud,*  failure,*  wanl,r  or  illegality  of  con- 
tideralion.*  When  a  purchaser  takes  a  bill  or 
note  with  notice  of  tha  facU  impeaching  iu 
validity,  or  with  sufficient  information  on  the 
subject  to  put  him  npMi  his  inquiry,  he  cannot 
recover  upon  it  as  a  4mm  fitU  holder.*  But 
thbugh  he  has  such  notice,  yet  if  he  derives  his 
title  from  a  4mm  fidt  holder  for  value,  he  may 
recover  thereon.* 

The  law  presumes  in  favor  of  negotiable 
paper  a  good  consideration,  until  the  contrsry 
appears;*  it  presumes  that  the  holder  is  the 
owner  until  circumstances  of  suspicion  are 
shown}*  it  presumes  in  relation  to  indorsed 
paper  that  the  indorsement  was  made  before  it 
became  due  ;•  that  the  party  in  possession  look 
the  same  in  the  usual  cotirie  of  business  for 
value  1'  that  the  maker  of  h  note  is  the  primary 
debtor;!  oiiMl  that  the  acceptor  of  a  bill  of  ex- 
change is  primarily  liable  thereon.* 

Fkrol  or  verbal  evidence  is  not  sdmiuiUc  to 
contradict  or  vary  aa  obscdnte  engagement  to 
pay  money  on  the  face  of  a  bill  or  note,  but  it 
IS  admiinUe  to  establish  a  defence  on  the 
grotuid  of  wont,  failnre,  or  illegality  of  ootisid- 
origiaal  partiaa  W  Aa  oeie,  Indutfm  waat  or  bfluN  af 
eootidaiatloa.  isPiai.MJ  dl<l.i|»;  14  Id.  mi:  4 
Maa.  iTo;  fid.  sti!  T  watta,  ifa.  trJIWeud.fao. 
W-o  Adel.  ft  EUa  (It.  8.)  ind.  ait :  la  Ma.  loa :  14  Id. 

irii£fn4l?l&'ra;f^^^ 

C.9  Johns,  tiyt   ••.''••4- <Hi   «Sl4.U7j 
-■     *-'TB.Cas. 


bougl 


«94;*Bsp.47, 


in  cf  MM  )u4gai«nt,  ant 
I  thai  may  tntarvan*  in 
iMamanl  or  laauinf  m*- 
ra  all  banaUta  wlilah  I 
Irtua  of  any  hamaaiaad, 
I,  ar  valualtao  law,  new, 
baravar  auch  iu4tni«nl 
:«4.  haraby  rattrytng  and 
•14  altornay  ahall  ar  may 

—  4ay»f — :,A.D. — . 

Ugnnl)       A.  a.    ISm/I 

>N.  Negotiable  notn 
arc  prcxumed  to  have 
md  a(te<)aale  conaidcrt- 
'  purport  to  hav«  been 
ed  or  not,  U  U  unn*' 
ff  In  the  firat  Imtar  e 
laiderall  .i.*  In  (his  re- 
ther  i^arol  contract*. 
I  (Mrtlea  iha  conaidera- 
»to/  but  the  burden  of 
ndant  to  rebut  the  pre- 
jkication  of  law.*  The 
be  inquired  Into  when 
note  after  it  becomet 
lored  i'  for  in  such  cam 
lutiiact  iO  every  defence 
it  Wore  it  was  ncgo- 
I  the  defendant  to  show 
ed  it  after  it  was  due.' 
^  also  be  inquired  into 
chased  the  note  or  bill, 
n  the  hands  of  the  party 
id  it,  either  on  account 
At/  or  illegality  of  con- 
Hirchaser  takes  a  bill  or 
lie  facu  impeaching  its 
ient  infonnation  on  the 
n  his  inquiry,  h«  cannot 
Uma/idt  holder.*  But 
lice,  yet  if  he  deriyct  his 
lolder  for  value,  ha  may 

in  favor  of  negotiable 
afion,  until  the  contrary 

that  the  holder  Is  the 
tnces  of  suspicion  are 
in  relation  to  indorsed 
nent  was  made  before  it 

party  in  poasession  took 
I  coliiM  of  busincM  for 

of  •  note  is  th*  primary 
scceptor  of  a  btll  of  n- 
ble  tnereon.' 
ence  is  not  admissible  to 
■fasolate  engagement  to 

of  n  bill  or  note,  bnt  it 
•ilidi  e  defence  on  the 
e,  or  illegality  of  ooosid- 
,lnehidhvwaM  orbihrnaf 
J!  <M.as»;  Mid.  SO):  4 
Watts,  1)0.  V-*  Waad.  «ao. 
■at,  ail :  la  Ma.  loa :  §4  Id. 
MfSd-ao;   SCoaa.u<.    W- 

X,  4W-    »:>  t>«nio>  m.    >■ 
dS:ftnVi(K.8.)i<i,«i' 
1  Con 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


•I» 


srsiion,*  or  fraHd.i  A  verbal  agreement  made 
St  the  same  lime,  and  incunsUlcnt  with  ihe 
note,  cannot  b«  proved  to  vary  its  terms,*  either 
ill  respect  to  time  of  iiayment,*  pcrioii  of  col- 
Irction,*  or  the  condition  on  which  It  Is  to  be 
enforced.* 

KAiLum  or.  An  entire  failure  of  consid. 
(rmion  has  ihe  same  effect  a*  the  original  and 
total  absence.*  The  failure  of  coiikUieralion, 
either  in  whole  or  in  part,  may  be  set  up  as  a 
defence  between  the  original  |Mirtie«,  or  any 
other  than  a  t«ma  fidi  holder  without  notice.* 
But  in  order  to  conilitute  a  perfect  defence  or 
bar  to  a  recovery  in  such  an  action,  a  total 
r*ilur«  of  Ihe  consideration  must  he  shown.s 
Where  a  note  Is  given  on  a  sale  of  goods  for 
ihe  purchase  money,  the  rule  i»,  that  if  the 
chaitel  be  of  no  value  to  any  one,  it  cannot  be 
Ihe  basis  of  a  bargain.  If  it  he  beneficial  to 
Ihe  purchaser,  he  certainly  ought  to  pay  for  it  \ 
if  it  he  a  loss  to  (he  seller,  he  is  certainly  enii- 
lied  to  remuneration  for  his  Ions.'  Though  the 
Ihmg  sold  pomeas  only  a  speculating  value,  still 
if  there  be  no  deception  practised,  and  (he  pur- 
chaser does  not  exact  a  warranty,  but  gives  his 
note  for  the  price,  there  is  not  what  (he  Uw  re- 
gards as  a  failure  of  considenUion.*  There  U 
s  plain  distinction  lietween  mere  inadeq>!«cy 
Slid  a  total  or  partial  failure  of  consideration.* 
Inadequacy  of  cunaideratiou  is  not  in  itself  any 
defence  to  an  action  on  a  bill  or  note."  But  a 
(o(al  failure  or  want  of  consideration  is  a  per- 
fect defence,  and  a  partial  failure  is,  to  that  ex- 
tent, a  good  defence. 

Good  Faith.  No  one  can  be  considered  a 
bona  fidi  holder  of  a  negotiable  note  or  hill 
of  exchange  unless  he  receives  the  same  in 
good  faith,  or,  as  it  is  sometimes  expressed, 
without  notice  of  the  facts  and  circumstances 
going  to  impeach  iu  validity  or  diminbh  the 
amount  re<»verable  thereon.  Though  he  takes 
the  note  before  due,  he  cannot  recover  on  it  if 
he  take*  it  with  the  knowledge  that  it  has  been 
paid.*  A  person  cannot  be  (teemed  a  h«n»fid* 
bolder  who  ukes  |wrtnenhip  paper  for  the  debt 
of  an  individual  purtner.* 

ILLIOALITY  or.  It  is  a  fundamental  prin- 
ciple that  contracti  which  have  for  their  object 
anything  repugnunt  to  the  general  policy  of 
the  law,  or  are  contrary  to  the  provisions  of 
a  statute,  are  void  ;*  and  when  a  note  or  bill  is 
founded  upon  or  given  to  secure  the  perform- 

l-Oiltty  nns,iaa:  i  Tyrw.a4:  j  Danlo.  514.  J-j 
k-S  yt.  114,  im;  s  Ornip,  siij    1  Hllf, 


It  Aid.  *s3.    an-io  B.  ft 


t 


W-     IS-i 


romp,  ft  I«r.  au ;  1  Tyrw,  (4.    m^  C.  ft  W.'  516;  « 
Ky.  3ii:  5  W.  ft  W:  7.    |».«  J*.  H.  444 ; «  Id. 


PI 


L«4 


Danlo,  $14. 
«i«     l-i  8 

Crom! 

^n*lil  3'*'  '  *•  »  ^  T.  ^4  I*.  H.  444:«  Ie.44T: 
'  ^.'.'^1 5'» !  •  Co«m.  4ia ;  10  lohaa.  19! ;  6  Wck.  497 ; 
-   Waaa.  605:  a  Raolj^s] :  •  wand. 

*!  IT  Wa„. ._, . 

Mha.)  106;  u  Ma.  1189 ;  aa 

wand.  107;  II 

Humph, 

tailure  of 

ncovary  of 

y  nota  or  hill,  10  Ban.  ft  Crass.  %n\.  •«  Johnii.  113:  a4 
2^<»'..9r-  r43Pick.a«s.  •4Ha.<o<;IComi  4<9- 
t-i  Hill,  ftA  «4  Stark.  11 :  ai  WaadT.  ^3.  vii  John*. 
"».  W-4  J^.  aw »  7  Wsnd.  id ;  6  Duar,  IC9.  x-a 
Johna.  3M.  This  iii  a  nda  aa  wd  in  law  as  aonity,  ta 
tmrpi  tiSi^tetm  mtk  mm  trUmr,  19  N.  Y.  J774  N.  H. 


■  3  waad.  tos:  a  Root.  33 :  a  Wand.  431 :  3  Id.  aiA:  4 
J  J.  Manh, iMi  a  Hll.&di  17  WmlT.iW.  a  McLean; 
3  Dav.  jw;  •  Hew.  {X'"  -         i-       -        • 

"i  rS.r  -    - 


ance  of  such  a  contract,  neither  or  (Le  partial 
to  the  transaction  can  enforce  It  agv^inst  (he 
olhcr.r  If  |iart  of  the  consideratioti  of  a  bill 
or  note  ha  fraudulent  or  illegal,  (he  instrument 
is  vitiated  al(oae(hcr.*  Where  parties  have 
woven  a  web  of  fraud  or  wrohg,  it  is  no  part 
of  (he  du(y  of  courts  of  jusdce  (o  unravel  (he 
thread*  as  between  (he  immediate  |iarties  (o  (he 
instrument.*  If  a  bill  originally  given  upon 
an  illegal  consideration  bo  renewed,  (he  re- 
newed bill  U  also  void.*  unless  (he  imount  be 
reduced  \ff  excluding  so  much  of  the  consid- 
eration for  (he  original  bill  as  ws:>  illegal,* 

Con(rac(s  made  in  furtherance  of  immorality, 
or  designed  to  faci'<(ate  and  continue  an  im- 
moral course  of  life,  are  illegal  and  void  \  u, 
where  rooms  are  let  for  (he  purpose  of  prosti' 
tudon,*  or  notes  and  bonds  are  given  (o  secure 
(he  cnndnuance  of  illicit  intercourse.'  But 
past  illicit  intercourse  Is  not  an  illegal  consid- 
eration for  a  bond  or  other  specialty  'o  indem- 
nify (he  Injured  party  where  executed  for  (hat 
purpose  alone.e  So,  con(nscts  for  sale  of  libel- 
ous or  immoral  and  obscene  works,*  or  for  (he 
commission  of  an  unlawful  act  i*  and  contracts 
of  indemnity  aKainst  (he  consequences  of  an 
unlawful  act,l  are  illegal  and  void,  and,  conse- 
quently, no  action  can  he  sus(t.ined  upon  a 
promise  based  thereon. 

Agreements  for  the  general  restraint  of  trade 
are  illegal  and  void,*  on  the  ground  of  public 
[Kilicy  {  but  a  partial  restraint,  not  injurious  (o 
(he  public,  founded  on  a  fair  and  beneficial 
consideradon,  is  valid.' 

It  is  a  general  rule  of  commercial  law  lha( 
the  ill^li(y  of  the  consideration  of  a  bill  or 
note  will  not  invalidate  it  in  the  hands  of  a 
6ona  fidt  holder  if  taken  in  the  luual  course 
of  trade,  unless  made  void  by  statute.**  In 
mncral,  no  person  is  entitled  (o  be  considered 
the  ioMd  fide  holder  of  negotiable  paper  unleu 
he  i|cqah-es  the  same  b*fort  U  ttromts  dmt  in 
good  faith  and  for  value.* 

Value.  On  a  qn^.  ion  of  title,  where  ne- 
gotiable notes  or  c:!is  have  been  misappro- 
priated, lost,  or  stolen,  if  a  subsequent  holder 
take*  them  innocently  for  a  full  or  valuable 
consideration  by  giving  money,  or  money  and 
goods  for  them,  m  (he  usual  course  of  (rade, 
he  is  entitled  to  recover  on  them.*  As  between 
him  and  the  real  ownei  the  equities  are  equal, 

^S:  «  Bing.  3ai. 
■-*  Burr. 
R.  100;  S. 

M  John».  46s;  a  SHeplay.  ^Ajj  Cowan,  $47l>3  B«rh. 
SJJ :  3  Ena-  I-  ft  Eq.  416 ;  10  FaaWr,  }ao  ;  a  Onv,  aa. 
e-a  B.  ft  Aid.  s8S:  1  Ruu.  191:  a  Slarli.  air.  a-a  B. 
ft  AU.  iH;  I  Ruaa.  a93:  a  Stark.  *yi;  feylay  (Ml 
Ed.)$a7.  •-!  Eap.  it,  T-s  Vaa.  agi ;  j  Cow.  1J3:  4 
Denlo,  4}9.    |r-i«  S.  ft  R.  S9 :  Chilly  Con.  A60-M1 :  1 


U9  ;  i  Ohio  St.  ads.   k-4  Eap.  97:  13  Barb. 
W^d.  3I4.    J-4  N.  H   ^Ss:  S  Johns.  3>7 ;  6 


\  Bing.  3ai.    jr-a  Johns.  Cas.  tl;  «  Jthns.  wt. 
urr.  1077;  3  Taunt.  •»$:  5  C.  ft  P.  19:  t  M.  ft 

1;  S.  C.  Story  Notes,  1 190.   •-7  Foalar,  a3o.    !»■ 


J3.     *-«o 
BInn.  3ft.  k-3  B 
1-4  Eait.  190;  I  P, 
•n  En(.  C.  L.  R 
T.  R.  Ill:  6 
10;  4  0reenl. 


ti  Wand.  •S'J:  aaa  Comtbacis. 


% 


i«A.ftE.4rf:  Id. 959: 
m  HID,  449>    B->  Caap. 


Maaa.  370:  I  Id.  #il;  s  Johna.  ill.    •-ao  Johaa.  637: 
■■■      .sM;«M.  «is:9ld. 


IS  Id.  a3i ;  15  Id.  awjYWaad. 

ijo;  at  Id.  499:  a4  Id.  list  s  HOI,  pt^\  1 


lya:  Id. 
Denio,! 


St3. 


Bll.lJi,  BONDS,  AND  NOTf& 


Mi<1  <h»Ttto(m  th«  Uw,  In  oritt  to  AuKIHat*  lh« 
neK"*!**^'"*  <»'  t<Hnm»fi«l  mp"',  allnw*  lh« 
koVd«r  who  hM  acquirtii  II  (iii>ly,  In  iha  i;«<a«l 
■oiin*  of  buain*M,  «n<l  par«*i|  wUl)  **lu«  («r 
It,  to  holil  il  e»tn  M  actlrMl  iha  t-Ml  own«r  » 
If  Iha  holdar  Hm  iWfjiilrnd  lh«  lo«inim«nl 
withnX  having  partatt  wllh  valiiM  for  it,  ihara 
li  »o  g'XKl  ground  for  aicluiling  a  d«f«nc«  In- 
tvrpoMd  bf  ih«  [htHert  to  ih«  Ml  or  MHt* 
And  h«ii<:e  iha  I  >  '  due*  n<tt  (imtect  Iha  ltir.o< 
cen-  holder  .»r  ,  .dinlabla  jxtfwr  aKalntt  an 
•((ailaMa  dcfenca,  anlcM  ha  haa  r«caivc<l  It  in 
Ika  u««al  CHUM  of  butir.aaa  for  a  vattukMa 
cunitldarallor ;  il  it  not  mo^h  iKal  '.  '•<•  • 
v^M  omaidc/atiofi,  aa  batwctn  the  p  <^iaa  to 
lh«  (ransferi  it  .nu«t  iUo  ha  valuabla.' 

VV      r  or  CoNiiDtmATloH.     A   valid  and 
■uffictent  conaid^ration  la  tha  v«rv  ataanea  of 
•vary  conlract  noi  under  «aal ;  an<l  prumiaaory 
■o^  and  b4IH  of  exchange  are  no  txceplion 
to  iha  general     tila.*     Whera  a  nota  li  'nada 
for  tha  acommxiation  of  iho  payaa,  it  u  telf- 
tvidant  ihat  no  actldn  can  ba  lualaincd  thereon 
in  Ihe  name  uf  Iha  payea  againal  the  maker.' 
No  mora  can  tha  drawer  of  a  bill  mniiitain  an 
■ctloi>  thereon  againii  the  drawee  who  haa  ac- 
cepted the  aame  for  hi*  accommudation*     Ba- 
twean  the  putlea  to  tha  transaction  the  makinff 
of  tuch  a  nota  or  tha  accepting  of  such  a  bill 
la  a  mare  loan  of  credit,  daairned  to  enable  tha 
borrower  i  <  ralaa  money,  atlher  generally  in 
Iha  market  or  in  a  pMtlci4lar  marner  -  and,  un- 
til the  bill  or  nnla  ia  negotiated,  no  <   liigtllon 
attachea  to  the  tn«tniment.     A  nota  mad*  for 
the  accommudation  of  tha  payee  haa  no  legal 
hiception   until    It  ia  n«n«rerm)   for  value* 
The  makcf  of  a  noU,*  th«  drawer  of  a  ch«ck,» 
an  in<ioner/  and  tha  acceptor  of  a  blll,»  for 
tha  accommodation  of  anotner  party,  trithotit 
restriction  in  ratpact  to  the  uaa  which  it  to  ba 
trade  of  tha  p«p*r.  aiithoriiea  tha  accommo- 
dated party  to  mak*  anv  ma  of  it  of  wUch  the 
paper  ia  eapikblet  to  dalivar  it  fbr  feturt  ad- 
vancea,*  as  collateral  to*  or  In  payment  of  an 
antecedent  debt,*  or  he  may  gH  it  diaooantod 
and  appraprlata  the  ntttcMdi     But  in  o;>d«r  to 
recom  on  anch  pdptr.  which  haa  be^n  aah- 
appopriated,  the  plaintiff  muat  have  racaivcd 
it  in  good  faith.    tCvldenoe  that  he  gave  value 
for  it  ia  firiyma  fan*  proof  of  go  i  faith,  and 
whatever  thowa  him    to    have  acouived  the 
•paper  in  bad  faith,  or  with  n'rtice  of  facta  Im- 
peaching ita  validity,  will  defeat  hia  right  of 
recovery.*    So,  if  a  Mil  or  note  be  loat  or 
Molcn,  and  afterward  negotiated  to  one  having 


no  knowledge  of  thea*  ft«ts.  for  a  valu»hl«t 
con«'>l*raiion,  in  iha  uaaal  cfHirae  of  biwln*««, 
hi*  till*  i«  good,  and  he  vhall  recover  the 
amount*  where  a  note  or  Mil  haa  haen  <li 
verted  from  it*  original  devllnatSiMi,  in  viulatlun 
'•f  the  a^reemeni  ufotn  which  il  waa  made  m 
tndoraad,  li><  holder  canned  recover  upon  it 
airainat  the  arcummoilati'm  maker  or  indonrr, 
wiihtiut  ahowing  that  he  received  it  in  the 
tnUnarf  ttmru  »f  trmJt,  giving  kat  It  a  valu- 
able cuntidrration.'  And,  lii  general,  whera 
tha  holder  taiie«i  a  note  or  bill  atiet  it  i*  due^ 
he  takea  it  tul^ect  to  everv  <(<rfcnra  e«i»ti.'>g 
againirt  it  in  the  hano*  of  ihf  peimn  Unm 
whom  ha  recvtvea  It,*  hetauae  h«  ac  guinm  «! 
oat  of  the  oriliiiarv  cour»e  of  bualneia,  and 
aAar  it  haa  been  di«iion(irr>4  * 

An  earhange  of  noten  tor  tlia  lame  amoun' 
made  l>y  iwo  nrma  of  the  tame  tennc  i«,  In  legiit 
effect,  a  tale.'     So,  when  a  peraon  givca  n:t 
own  note  In  exchange  for  another  note,  he  is  i 
purchaaer  for  valued     So,  cruea  accr|i4an<;at  f<ir 
maiual  accommodation  are,  mijecilvaiy,  con- 
tiderationt  for  each  other  '     A  fluctuating  Ni 
anca  may  form  a  contideration  for  a  bill.'    The 
tame  general  rule*  at  aopiy  to  the  a*iiir«  <n 
the  conaideralion  for  olfier  simple  conmri*, 
are  altar  applic>>>le  to  the  variout  rimiracti  or 
a  bill  or  note.     C'onaidemtion  It,  in  general 
either  tome  detriment  to  the  plaintiff,  aualiinni 
for  the  take  or  at  the  inttance  of  tha  de(i»nda:<t, 
or  tome  benefit  to  the  defendant  moving  from 
the  plaintiff.     It  ia  not  necc«««ry  that  !he  con- 
tiderMion  thould  move  to  the  defendant  per- 
tonally;  if  it  movea  to  a  third  peraon  hv  hit 
detir*  or  acquieMcence,  lhat  ki  tulKcient.  'lliere 
fore,  the  debt  uf  a  lltird  pcrton  ia  a  good  con- 
alderation  to  support  a  contract  on  a  bill  pay- 
able at  a  future  day."    Thus  a  note  cannot  be 
a«pporte<l  a*  a  gill,  for  a  gift  ia  not  conaummate 
and  perfect  antil  the  delivery  of  tlie   2hing 
promtaed,  aad  untU  then  the  paity  may  revoke 
nia  promise.* 

From  whatever  cause  arising,  the  want  of 
c.  aaideratlon  will  defeat  a  recoverv  on  a  aote, 
bill,  or  check,  aa  between  tb«  original  parties. 
Want  of  consideratiai  dcatroya  the  validity  of 
a  note  withoat  any  re^<ird  to  Ihe  imm  /Um  of 
the  tranaaction.*  Fraud  dettrov*  tlie  oontnct 
But  if  the  party  defraaded  would  diaaAnn  the 
contract,  he  mutt  do  ao  at  the  earlieat  jirac- 
ticaUe  moment  after  the  discovery  of  iIm  c»c^ 
and  muii  rcrurn  whatever  he  haa  received  npoa 
it.  But  if  the  thing  received  be  entirely  valtM- 
Icts,  or  a  differer.t  thi-  g  from  that  contracted 

U.  siDi  s  Wend.  •«  «  M.  «ii:  9  W., •?• :  M .»*m» 
St.  3«f;iD<Mr,i«oii7CoiH<  jJi  j  it  Mam.  ft  Welsky, 
Mi.  iiOray.r  t-j  Barb  T>.  «««!  S  PajBs, toi j 
lUiut.  Cw  ji ;  I  !<»h».  4J«  H  weed.  9f.  Il-i  TmM. 
M4i  Ch»t«y  Bm«,  iirL*i9i  7  Jokas-  S*JI  l«. •'""»;  ^ 

l6si  jlMl-rt;  li,  ftAd.|ai;  •DMiil«,<ai:  iHII, 

1-7  Johaa.  as :  s  B.  ft  C.  mt  i  •  6.  0%<<S  1  •»  «!C 
M.    a.iyJdMSl.iest  SUI.  u»i  9Waad.a|t:  (»» 


tftC'X 


•  fccti.  for  •  vitUahU 

Mai  fmnm  of  Winm*, 

h«  thai  I    r«cnv«r  iIm 

ttm  >n  Mil  haa  h^cn  ilt- 

<l<nltn*tiun,  in  vioiallon 
I  which  it  WM  nuul*  <ii 
Mnnoi  recavar  nwm  it 
ili«Hi  nakar  or  Indorsfr. 

Im  r«c«i««d  It  In  (h« 
dt,  gWing  for  l(  •  otU- 
in<l,  In  g*n«rtl,  wh«<« 
I  or  bill  attcr  K  (•  dua. 

•vary  it<-f«nr«  tiiMi.tf 
icl«  M  thr  paiton  frnm 
I  b«c«ttM  tv«  M  |Hir**  It 
;nur««  of  butlnMi,  mm! 

Im  'i>)t  iti«  Mma  ■motin' 
ti«  M«a«  lanor  is,  In  Icaul 
)i«ii  t  p«non  jjirm  Ki« 
for  in<t(h«r  nott,  h«  ii  i 
So,  croM  ii<c«|>l«nc«t  f<ir 
n  «r<,  rntmaifif,  con 
htt*  A  nuctmaling  l*«l 
Irruion  for  a  bill.*     11m 

I  aiiliiT  i<>  itM»  R*tMr«  >'n 

olf)«r  sImpU  coiitncti, 
lh«  »»rUMi»  i-<>mr«ett  or 
ildtratlon  la,  m  gcmeral 
to  Iha  pUinlMI,  tuaiilnrd 
mUiic*  of  th«  defvndani, 
defendant  moritif  from 
M  naccMary  that  th«  coo- 
ra  to  the  defandani  pat- 
io •  tklnl  paraon  b*  hii 
,  Ihat  ia  •ttfliclcm.  Tnera 
Ird  panon  it  •  good  coa- 
a  contract  on  •  bill  par- 
Thu*  a  iKito  cMiBot  be 
•  fift  it  not  conaummate 
I  mllvfty  of  tha  :hinc 
lan  Um  paity  mmf  twnkt 

iM  arising,  i^a  wiuil  of 
eat  a  recoverr  on  a  BOta, 
can  the  artginsl  partial. 
I  dcitrojr*  Ida  valktlty  of 
k<tri1  to  the  Anm  /Uu  of 


d««roval 
td  wottfd 


aded  wovld  diukAm  the 
to  at  the  eftrllaat  tfrac- 
he  dlscovefy  of  the  cliaat, 
iver  ha  haa  reeaived  apoa 
eceivad  be  entirely  velae- 
I  g  from  that  contracted 
U.  «i| 


III:  a  Id.  17a:  1?  Fma. 
ai ;  iS  Ham.  All^aMbr, 

^U    H  waad. «».  U-t  Taunt 

I,    7    iobaa.36?!    |»,PW;St 

M.  tiai  •  Wand  an:  $  mt 


BILLI,  RnyDM,  AND  KOTItk 


tr.  ka  aiay  latctnd  withiMl  ratamlng  or  oflar- 
iii^  III  ciufii  U.r 

C0N«THUCT10K.«  Omtracta  ara  to  ba 
oiiiviruwi  »»  a*  lo  carry  Intu  «Atcl  iba  lHi«nll)»> 
if  ih<*  c<««ilracling  pardca.'  Whara  (ha  lan- 
tu*K*  la  plain  and  unanalilgui'iM,  (haia  l«  no 
riii)<u  and  no  tx-caaitMi  for  liitarprttatiiMi.*  On 
ihr  »(Imm  hand,  whara  the  wortia  im*<I  admit 
a  loo  iMari'tittailMW,  tha  rula  U  tu  a<i<>p(  (hat 
vhicb  wilt  gwa  «fli».'i  to  tha  ooatiail  accortling 
111  iM  un<ianlan<llng  of  th»  partia*  '  It  la  an 
(•uMUhcd  print  tpla  fhal  iha  C4Mwlructl<»i  of 
|wn4)iial  MMltracta  I*  tu  b«  ra|{ard«<l  by,  and 
ihcir  valliltty  dapanda  upon,  ina  law*  of  ih« 
pl'tc«  whara  ihAy  ware  ni»ila,  eavi^jt  whan  maila 
with  a  vlawio  iMrrformancc  in  noma  other  State 
Of  iminiry,  ana  t^  "tx  tha  law  of  (uch  country  U 
lit  iircvail.*  Thr  rmnfy  on  contrifti  i»  ragu- 
latrd  uti-cordinf  to  the  law  rf  tha  piaca  whara 
J  |i;ilitial  anfiwcrmant  ii  touuhi  ' 

DHAWINO  AND  MAKINO.     Billaof 

'>itian|{«   and  prtwnUo'ty  noiaa   are  uaaally 

'  Milan  <tn  paper.     They  nMy  be  written  on 

a- .hinant,  citjth,  leather,  or  any  other  mbtti- 

lie   f»r   paper,  eapabla  of  twinf  traiksferrad 

;:Att  .tn>i  to  haiid.     Thcv  msy  be  written  In 

any  Ungnua,  aicd  in  any  Itirm  of  wordti  and, 

like  any  other  contract,  may  ha  writtan  In  per 

cil  M  well  aa  in  Ink.*    a  l»  enough  If  tha  word* 

<>>n)iloyed   imfiurt  an  abaului'*  en«ageinant  tu 

(i.tjr  a  cartai.i  turn  of  money      'liiarf  are  no 

pre^ite  worda  retjuitite  to  make  a  piuniitiKtry 

note.*    The  tignaiure  or  trtdunetnant  of  negu- 

li*t>lv  paper  may  be  by  a  ma«k.r 

\  late  in  general  ia  not  aaaential  to  tha 
lalldiity  uf  •  bit  01  note  |  and,  if  there  be  no 
[kle,  It  will  be  conaii  red  aa  dated  at  the  time 
when  It  was  made.*  1  <>ie  <l«la  axpieased  ia  the 
innirument  is ^ima  fitvit  evidence  of  t^  time 
when  the  InMrument  i^as  made*  Ami  this  rttia 
ipplica  to  written  instnuncnts  in  general.*  In 
general  a  biU  or  Mte  may  be  poat  dated*  or 
snle  dated. 

The  time  of  payment  ia  regularly  and  usually 
(tated  at  the  b^innwtg  of  the  note  or  bill ;  hut 
if  no  time  be  expreaaed  the  instrument  will  be 
payable  on  demand.*  The  aapreasion  "  after 
«if|ht,"  on  a  bill  of  exdhangc,  n  ana  after  ac 
cepiance,  or  protest  <br  noa-ac^eptaace.  and 

p-i  Osale,  <vi  «  Danio,  im:  i  Saad.  4*1.  ■•■ 
M  ft  O.  f»ii  10  ■.  *  c.  m?  .  •««  (N.  R.)  Jlj. 
S  C  i  I  <r*  J.  tji ;  I T»».  14; &. C.  i  t  M.  A  W.  4.4, 


■!•:  iPWf>,(«t!  i}MMS.a}ii»  Mrb.«3<  9La.Aa. 
ity.  I  Jahaa.  i4;  •  Pm.  ifa.  <j  Id  «j:  'rjehaa. 
s. . .  ,  &^Q.Mlt  0.  H  iJi'l"*.  i.  ft  U.  4h' «"• 

Mm>  bt«M.  uI:  ijM.  •«:  leld  1171  tFlek.lottt 
John.^.  tsti  •  Jekaa, ass :  s Id.  *^i  4 id. ■•$ !  •  Id. 


j«9 ;  1  Walk  «li ! 'i  OaWsOT,  SM !  J  Conn.  aiJ 

s';;f^'i!M'i!i,r.■«3'*'•'''°" 


K 


lohaa. 


IIS 


not  after  a  aaere  iwata  aahlUilan  to  the 
drawee  I  fur  tha  Mg^t  mu*i  apfwar  iti  a  legal 
way.*  A  bill  p^vable  »<•  many  day*  aAer  light 
meati«  legal  algh',  and  the  bill  be ^iiit  10  lun 
Irutn  iha  iiraaentroant  an<l  a<(a|)(«>icc,  and  »rj( 
fruaa  tha  time  of  mere  pr<»entmani.'  A  bill  ur 
nuta  muat  be  -artain  as  to  «  lime  of  payment.' 
.S<i,  also,  Iha  ki.iimnt  10  be  i^ld.*  Thr  iirdtr  to 
pay  need  ba  In  no  particular  fnrm  |  any  tapraa. 
siun  anioii'tiing  to  an  ordai,'  or  direction.  Is 
sufllclenl.' 

The  peyee  should  be  descrllied  so  that  hc 
cannot  lie  confounded  with  aitmher  ^wrsou  uf 
tha  same  name.*  A  promise  to  pay  a  give* 
sum  on  demand,  fur  value  received,  without 
saying  lo  whom,  I*  mere  waste  pa|>er. 

The  signature  of  a  drawer  or  maker  of  a  bill 
or  nuta  is  usually  subscribed  In  the  right  hand 
curncr)  bttc  it  is  sufficient  if  written  in  any 
olhar  part.*  "  I.  J.  S.,  |<citmlse  to  pay."  haa 
been  heUi  a  suffident  signature  uf  a  prumis- 
aory  note.'  A  man  who  cannot  write  m«y  sign 
a  bill  l^  his  mark.*  If  a  bill  be  not  made 
payable  elltier  to  any  payee  in  partiiular,  ur  to 
the  drawer's  order ,  or  to  Iha  beater  in  general,  it 
is  cssre  waste  papal." 

Unless  a  bill  ur  note  be  payable  to  arelrr,  of 
lo  ttmrtr,  it  >  tiut  I'egutiahle,  though  still  a 
irslid  security  os  Wtwcan  the  original  parties.* 
A  bund,  iiute,  ur  hiii  of  eachange,  drawn  pay- 
able to  any  person  or  persons  alone,  and  nut 
drawn  (.layablc  10  an  arWrr,  tittrfr,  or  muifn», 
is  not  negotiable^  A  bill  iii  note  may  be  pay* 
able  to  A.  B.,  or  order,  or  to  A.  fi.,  or  bearer, 
or  In  the  drawer's  own  order.'  If  made  pay. 
able  tu  order  it  it  assignable  by  indoisement  | 
if  made  payatile  (o  bearer,  it  U  assignable  by 
mere  delivery.* 

!t  is  not  necessary  to  make  notes  and  biUt 

Kyable  rt  any  pariicular  place,  unlws  requhvd 
statute.  It  is  very  convenient  to  name  Iha 
place  of  payment  in  the  bi>dy  ul  the  instru* 
raent  \  and  whan  thir.  ia  done  it  should  be  pre* 
sented  at  that  place  for  (tayment.* 

The  words  "  v«ku  rr(v»iW"  are  not  neccs- 
lary  i"  a  biii  of  eKchange  or  other  negotiabla 
instrument,'  for  li  is  implied,"  and  need  not  ba 
alleged  «r  proved.' 


«•>» 


••111 

8.  ftCssi: 


I  CI. 
I  Burr. 


Si»i   •  w»«d.  «•. 
sC.  ft  f  n,¥.  C 

•■MsMIM 


.c. 


I  n.ftft. 

B«yl«y,  sth 


ft  f       .       ^  

^      1.401.      O-MSMIM,  If  J    «  T.    h     l>S.       f. 

Masaa,  ijA,    ff-Ckllty  Mils,  ty, :  Li.  Raym.  ig)6: 1 


Mod.  s*l !    <  Burr,  jai  1   4  Vas.  jft :   is  Msia. 
Mad.  ssa :  7  Id.  417 ;  Swa.  «Sil  •  Biag.  ir 

S4  I    I  Cow   Of*;    Aid.  SI  i    S  ■''''k.  40< 

klaikis,  II.    Il^4  I    R.  til  •  Vlark.  S9:  I  Id.  io«:   I) 

AM.  417;  i  Sua.  f«i*i  4  8  ft  C.  #«! 

fi   '    :  Tyr,v«:_tjrH.44«i  sBlaclif! 


I.  !*•:  I 

-.    '•j'ti  4 

|.  ia« :  a  Yaagir, 
ij^T'lesTSS. 


J1rkV|2i,*fi    ^    ^.     -    MSira.        .-.Bcft 
Kl!  ssinSa^'k^  ft^\'«lhin!si6'*^N?  WIiHtl  6)7. 


••I  IT  H.  <nl 

7    » 


Russ.  C.  C.  its. 
I  Ksn.  8.  C.  til 


R  ft  R.  C.  I    19V 
«Tau««.  ts;;  R  i 


»4 1  »  uj ;  I  Ksn.  8.  C.  tii  :  «  Tauas.  ts; ;  R  ll 
R.  setk  M.S.  iMI,  Ck.  14,  |i  4-1  Hsrrtng,  ]t:  s 
Humph.  4ii  SI  KaMy,  (je.  r-Drawnpayabta  to  dia 
dmwar's  •resr,  it  is  payaliic  10  liKMcIf:  s  East.  414 ;  s 
Saitik,  441, 8.  C.  ■•)  JoiiM  Cu.  17.  *4  McLnui, 
SIS!  sM«i  |4ji  sRIeh.  41S1  •  K.  U.  SaMlh,  mil  3» 
Kan.  Si.  s<>&  ■•*  McUan,  oij  :  s  M**-  «:  t 
Malna.isii  1  Daolo,  iit;  gWaad.  am  i}M.m|i 
TM  Hill.  44a. 


m 


feiUji.  kM)Ni)H.  AND  Notes. 


Il  k  eomMon  la  liuwrl  In  httU  tit  •■ctMna* 
wtmht  uf  ixtvk*,  it«cif)r«ii||  lo  wImi  •coMtnt  ih« 
•mount  (lircdcd  lu  b*  (lalil  I*  lo  b«  cMq^d. 
Xhm  dniwar  luMMiiiti**  |l<'**  *h«  (lr«w««  •  g»n 
•ml  itlractitm  In  wufiU  Uliti  ih«««,  "  ami  ckarg* 
Ik*  —mo  i»  my  Accttuni,"  tuA  tiinwilme*  ntitliM 
Il  ■(iMitii-  tiy  <ilr«cllity   iIm   \mymi  In    '  fiut  U  lu 
ikm  srcouM  fit  A.  b  ,"  of  "to  ika  B.  raail  m 
•MMiMni,"  or  lo  Ih*  camo  at  t  certain  ihlp, 
a<c.*     Mul  luck  wortU  ofMvlct  am  ihM  4mm<i 
ttol  HI  bllU  it(  csehdinMi.* 
)    A  bill  ol  aii'hang*  b«ing  an  opvn  IcIUr  nf 
flqut»t  fnr  (ha  paymtnl  ttf  m«>nty,  miKrt  b«  rr|| 
■larU  ait(l«»»M*(l   to  lh«  ^r%nn  on  whom  It  it 
drawn  I  and  Ihia  m  uaitaUy  <)ona  at  iha  botlum 
on  :ha  left  hand  vii  Iha  bill.     Fur  n«  una  can 
ba  liahla  a*  acca|>tfir  but  iha  jianon  to  wh>ini 
tba  bill  la  addraiiad,  unl««  Im  ba  an  acvci^iKr 
fof  honor .' 

AMlil(.0CHm,Coi«DITIONAt,  ANn  UllIr:VIJkt 

iNtTtUMKNT*  A  nota  cannui  «  maiU  by  a 
man  Ui  himtalf,  without  mora.  NV«ihcr  can  It 
ba  mada  lu  himaelf  and  amtfhir  .jm.'  I)u;  a 
■Ola  mada  povabta  lo  tha  mak  •  ordar  b< 
eomaa,  in  Icnal  '■(Tact,  whan  indisraod  In  blank, 
ft  Ruta  mada  payaU*  iv  itaarer  i*  and  wh*in  i^- 
dally  Indoitad  a  nuu  psyftbia  to  lh«  indurMi'a 
wder> 

If  an  Inatnimant  ba  ro*da  in  icrma  to  ambig- 
iKNi*  that  it  li  doublAil  wv  <3ih«r  it  ba  a  bill  3 
aactianga  or  promiiaory  note,  iha  boldar  may 
Ifvat  it  as  aithar  at  hit  •IcctUm* 
A  man  may  draw  a  bill  on  hlmtalt.' 
Dill*  and  nolaa  mwt  be  for  the  (wymant  of 
money  only,  and  not  for  Iha  payment  of  mon<!y 
and  the  pcrforntanca  of  lome  other  act.'^  There- 
fora  a  note  *o  dallver  up  hones  and  a  wharf 
and  |Mty  mooev  at  a  particular  day  ii  nu  promU- 
•oty  n<jie.'  Nor  muat  a  bill  or  n<ii«  ba  in  tha 
kltemative.*  And  It  muat  ba  for  iha  paymrnl 
of  monay  im  tfttii.*  And  for  tha  pHymtnt  »f 
money.'  The  order  or  peomiaa  must  ba  to  pay 
abaoiulely,  and  at  all  avanla)>  the  payment 
mual  not  deprnd  u|kmi  a  continmncy.^  It  i» 
not  material  that  tha  lime  whan  ina  avant  may 
happen  it  uncertain,  providod  it  mwtt  happen 
H  loma  lifDC  or  uthcv  |  thua,  a  nota  p«nbia  on 
tha  death  of  A.  B.,  or  of  the  nuiktr.  U  good.* 
Th«  hill  or  nUa  mnat  not  b«  mada  pnyabla  out 


._      ...  E.  91; ,         „-■ — 

able  hi  curmu  Ahmm,  or  New  Vork  ftiadi,  I*  na*  -.«— - 
dHa,  *  McLean.  la:  ]  Kampli.  171  i  11  Vt.  ««;  «] 
Wend.  71 :  <  Hunipli.  |ai  1  j  MeUaa,  106 ;  if  Ohio, 
III:  9Sai. ft  Matth.  4STI '9  Mo. te7i  i«Ohto,s:  1 
Irg.  ass  I  I  T«»a».  11  j  M.     '  *     " 


Brg.  sMi  I  Tna*.  iji  Id.  e^t:  M.  yn.    A  hM  eay 
able  ta^earrtncy  "  it  aet  a  biH  of  eachanci,  7  Milt, 

to.  a  draft  pavaMa  la  "ArliaMM  aioBey,    1  PHw, 

l-Wtiete  ifce  iMlnMaMM  coMatnt  a  Ht|wdatlaaAat 


of  a  MftlcuUr  Aind,*  fur  Iha  fliii4  may  pr.m 
lna«iin»tenl. 

If  a  Ull  ba  dafectie*  ••  a  Mi  W  nota  H  m«y 
tttll  ba  evidence  of  an  agraamaM. 

Any  mateti*.*  tlirraium  mtula  in  a  tate  tft« 
lit  eaecuthHi  ur  liii|f>r*emanl,  •<ii.')i  aa  ln««r<<i.,; 
word*  (tf  neg<i«uibillty  or  allermg  ilia  IIm*  .» 
place  r)f  itayincnl,  <rtiMharg««  the  |ire«luu«  |>i<i 
lie*  to  11.*  Hill  share  a  blank  M  leil  im  h, 
I  here  It  an  im|ili<'.|  auihoriiy  In  tha  holiUir  i.i 
fill  up  tha  Inelriimrni,  and  make  II  In  fact  wli^r 
tl  wet  designed  lo  lie.*  If  ma<la  payaltic  i< 
blank,  llie  |ier<Min  to  wIhmi  It  to  negrilialed  m  •) 
till  II  u|>  l>y  insarting  his  <>wn  ftr^me  1*  If  m*il> 
payahir  <  tha  (wixm  who  shall  thereafter  m 
ilursa  li.  it  is  negotiable  without  any  aliertilon, 
and  mt  •  '•<•  trtnsferre*!  liy  IndoiMnnanl.*  Alwi, 
If  a  paT«<.n  sign  hk*  iisnie  upon  a  blank  |ii*cf 
nf  papar,  and  deliver  11  to  amt.Sar  t«  drew 
tbnve  nis  slgnnttire,  he  by  that  art  a.tthuriM*  < 
to  be  filleti  up  ^h-  any  tmounl,' 

AOIKEMKNIS  IHTKNDRn  TO  CONTIOI.  Tilt 
OI>t«ATtoN  r>r  BiLlJI  <>a  N<)TB».  Buchsgrr* 
mentitraellK'<r  written  or  veilial.  H«ch  wititm 
agiaemeni  ix  thar  on  tha  inMrumen:  iiialf  ^>i  •". 
a  dialinct  j^pcr  i  ana  t*  either :  imtcmporanc<>i.i 
with  the  c<>mpl«ti<Hi  of  the  bill  or  note,  or  II  is  s 
*ulM«(|uent  agreement.  A  memorandum  on  t 
bill  or  note,  made  before  It  Is  cam(»l<Ha,  Is  tonir 
times  coosidai'rd  a*  a  part  of  lh<r  Instrument  s«  u< 
I' •  conlrol  lis  ojierallnn,  and  MHiietimes  not.  II 
a  itif-inorandum  make  the  payment  conlingenl.  11 
will  ba  incor|ii>rated  In  the  note.*  But,  wh«i« 
il  It  merely  directory,  aa  If  It  polntt  out  Ihe 
place  of  pay— •nt,*  or  lie  merely  the  riprtnsiun 
<if  an  intended  e<nirle»y,s  or  import  that  a  col 
lateral  security  has  been  given,'  or  be  intended 
I  •  i<lrniily  the  intiruroenl,*  tl  doa*  not  ittfecl  lit 
jcriition. 

A  written  agreement,  on  a  ditlinct  papar,  in 
K^ncw,  or  in  other  retpects,  to  qualt'y  ina  lia- 
111  Illy  of  the  maker  tn  accejitor,  it  good  •« 
t>elwaen  original  parlir<  <  But  a  written  agree- 
ment, though  c»nteni|>oranauu*,  will  not  te- 
strain  the  ooeration  ol  Iha  bill  or  note,  if  it  be 
collateral,  tnat  it,  if  othai  paiaoiMi  besidca 
tha  partkn  to  tba  bill  or  nota  be  partiat  tu 
it.r 

No  vtrk*l  agreement  can  take  effect,  if  oon- 

Coaib.  t«r,  a  C. ;  Bayl«T  i«,  «  Ed.  j  I  B.  *  P.  41J  i  • 
Camp.  417:  •liA<<  M»;  sQ.B  m:  1  N  A  W.  M; 
t  Blag,  lis;  f  Mo.  3)1^  *  Cd.  Rtyia.  it*i:  m  A.  • 
E.  ti4.  !-•  Stra.  1*17;  •  Par.  K  Oil*,  its  10  Ad  fc 
El.  in:  at-a  Ld.  Maym.  i]Ai:  tMod.  sA);  1  Sits 
)«i,  1  C.  i  t  Ld.  Baya.  isij :  •  Bk.  R.  7aa ;  j  Wlb 
so7,8.C.;   ■Vsa.Juik.  •!»:   s  T.  R.  4«*     A /« «tw« 


I  narr.  440 1    1 


spMus 


lay:  a  B.  lloa.  M;  4 
olim.  jai :  17  WmmI. 
Pann.'St.  Id;  aOhlo 
'W«id.  ijti  t  Cowan, 
ki  »»■  .It-l  Maula  k 
,  .  .  ,  'St'    *"*  H.  Bl.  >n;  •« 

a.C:  MM.ftW.  J44.    t^M.ABel.ioa.    a-sCMip. 

tflar.  AW.  4a,S.C.    m.%U.kW,*j^.    m-*Tmmt 
•44j  9Ri»C.yili  4MMftRyiiBi.B.C.  r-n 


•ILLS.  BONOt.  AND  NOTI& 


«S5 


tor  l)i«  IWiwl  «M)r  IM.W* 

M  A  btll  Of  noU  1*  nuy 
•flf««fn«ni. 

»n  m«<1>-  m  •  »•!•  (On 
>m«ni,  '■  ■  ^  m  litMrtn.i; 
<«  •llriiii|g  lit*  llmr  f.i 
Itarg**  thv  iiravUMi*  ^mt 
t  m  liUnk  M  i«n  III  II, 
ihttriijr  in  Ik*  ^uMtt  i<i 
in<l  iii«h«  It  III  (att  Willi 

*  If  nM<l«  |M)f*lil«  1. 
MMl  It  i«  negfMialvil  nx; 
k  <.WB  iinmt  i»  If  mmu 
mht>  »h«U  lk«rtaft«r  m 
r  wllhoal  »ipf  •lltrtlliifl, 
l>y  ln<l<>i»efn«nl.<  AImi, 
im«  uptm  ■  biatik  pltct 

It  (<i  aniihar  !•  ilnw 
by  iKai  Mi  Mlhuriin  ' 
imciiinl.' 

IIVI)    TO  CONTtnt  TIU 

>*  NoTM.  Machurr* 
(ir  vciImI.  Kuch  wHlIrn 
lie  InMnimcn:  l(M)f  'n  m, 
I  cither  r  i;nttmpcf ancom 
Ike  bill  or  not*,  or  li  it  > 
A  m*m<ir«nduni  on  i 
■•  ll  U  cainiiM*,  It  *uinr 
irt  of  Ih'!  lnMrum«ni  tii  «< 
anduMiietinic*  not.  If 
te  payment  Cbniinfcni,  it 
I  thr  n<4c.*  Bui,  whrif 
M  If  ll  points  o«ii  ih< 
m  •ntrcly  the  ""iprriMlon 
y,*  or  Import  thil  •  tot 
(1  given,'  or  be  inirndnt 
ml,"  it  doM  niit  <){cci  lu 

:,  on  •  (lltiinci  p«v«r,  m 
pecti,  lo  quall'y  ine  lit- 
ir  acceptor.  It  good  at 
«.*  But  a  wiilten  agree- 
loraiMuut,  will  not  le- 
the  bill  or  note,  if  il  be 
other  peraona  betjdei 
1  or  note  be  partWt  to 

t  can  take  effect,  if  oon- 
i«,  •  la.  i  a  B.  ft  r.  411 !  I 

s6  B  W»i  iN  «W.i4«i 
I  Cd.  Rajfia.  i}#^i:  II  A.  • 
P«r  A  dav.  }6s      to  Ad  fc 

•  ]«■:  •  Med.  •«):  i  Stti 

■>:  5T.  R.  4la.  Ilittmu 
U  t*  p»amkU  tm  mmtf  mfy 
ir/mmf,  I  C»««(i,(ti,  Od 


•.  Ml!  ;  H*i»  *«•;  t  BhicM 
I  S.  A  Man>>.  ja] :  j  Pllu- 
an.  107:  •  B.  floe.  i«i  4 
M-iy  Jobna.  mi;  irwtad. 
74 :  IS  Pann.  N.  In;  a  Ohio 


LM.A8al.iay. 


..SlP5?i 


3*4! 


iM.AW.aia.    B^TawM. 
iaa.  A  ftirl.  191,  S.  C. 


jr-«l 


M«a|iarMi«<>«t  with  tha  making  nf  ike  Inttru 
aifnt;  fur  that  wtwld  ha  to  allow  verbal 
tvit|«n«e  u>  vary  *  wriiian  conlra' '  '  Kvldenta 
M  admtaaihia  lu  deny  ihe  receipt  4  valae,  but 
mil  to  vary  Ihe  »>«gag«m«nt.* 

r«UAitANTy.  Ihe  angagement  of  a 
Mireiy  i«  aoeawiry  to  ihe  ag'*«mt>Hl  of  the 
|irin<.t|>Ml,  ami  II  la  a  general  rule  ot  law  that 
whataver  diachargad  iha  cmilracl  ul  the  \:>\n 
ii^mI  dUchargea  alao  ih.M  0/  the  turety  ll 
mullt  from  lae  deAnitlun  of  *  turel^'t  enijage- 
Mfitl,  aa  being  acceaaiiry  lo  a  |irtnt:l|ial  I'l^lga 
IM.ihal  tlt«  eillnctloii  of  the  p|irKl|wl  <  hiiga' 
lion  neceaaarily  eiilngui'«heq  that  of  tha  •uiety, 
II  liaing  of  the  nature  of  an  a«(:ea«ory  olillgailon 
that  cannot  aaitt  without  iit  urinciiMli  ihrre- 
fcire,  whenever  the  /rimn^/  ia  dittharged.  In 
whatever  Manner  It  may  tie,  nan  only  by  actual 
imymeia  of  a  roinpenMiloti,  but  alao  br  a  re- 
Iraae,  lk«r  <  ,  '  diacharged  llkewlaei  lur  the 
naence    <  llw  rrfj-  »  «ion  "^lelng  Ihal  Ihe  turcly 


»  only 
helhei 
no  loflk''r  i 

oliliged.     <•. 
charged  b) 
•on  wbi)  e.. 
note>     riU 


J'  1  '.  «» 'w  *lf  nt  Ihe  iwincipm  dclitor, 
f!  ,vt\  lui  .  II'  obliged  when  there  la 
^itff'i^v  dtfi4(M  for  whom  he  was 
•iSiit  r  aner  the  turety  la  dia- 
.  •ion  of  the  dptu,*  A  per- 
inleet  a  mite  la  no  party  lu  (he 
cimtraet  i»  tpecial,  tfl  muai  be 
•(■ccially  declared  on.*  An  ainohde  guaranty 
i.f  iwymant  made  on  a  good  conaidei«Uon,  in 
ilxried  on  ihe  liack  of  a  note,  I*  an  engagement 
Ihat  the  maker  thall  pay  ll  al  nialurllv,  and  that 
11'  It  in  nut  to  paid  iha  guantntur  will  himtelf 
\My  it.*  A  guaranty  for  c:ollectiof.  la  a  very  dif 
lerciiit  cunlrmcl  from  a  guaraii'i'  of  payment } 
ihr  latter  lieliig  a  contract  (hat  the  money  thall 
If  paid  al  maturity,  while  the  former  it  in  tub- 
ilance  a  warraniy  that  It  it  collectable.*  a 
KOaranty  thai  a  noM  ia  collectable  ia  a  condi- 
Utitial  promite,  binding  u|>»n  the  gturanlor  only 
in  case  of  diligence.  In  order  'to  tierfcci  ih<- 
otitjgiition  to  a«  to  render  Kim  liaHia  thereon, 
ilie  guarantee  niuat  uie  diligence  in  the  en 
deavor  to  collect  the  nmo,  for  Ihi^  it  a  condition 
iwecadmi.'  The  i<»rmt  of  the  guaranty  muat 
be  complied  wiih  before  the  guantnlon  can  be 
rendered  liable  or  Iha  contract  Notice  of 
lion  payment  is  not  neceaanry  in  i>i  <]er  to  charae 
Ihe  guanmlor.  but  it  it  adviaahic  to  give  hun 
notice,  Inaimuch  a«  u  freqaenlly  becomet  mi 
IMirtant  to  pi  .vf  notice  a*  a  mecna  of  rebutting 
the  preaumption  of  laches  in  (he  pitrty  guaran 
teedJ  A  general  gtiaranty  of  the  note,  or  » 
guaranty  oflla  coJ  lection,  impliea  a  right  on  the 
gu.  itntor't  pan,  that  the  party  guaranieed  shall 
a-,  diligence  in  collecting  the  di  it  of  the 
|)rinci(>«l  defatrir,  and  give  to  him  (the  guaran- 
tor) every  opputtmiiiy  to  protect  himielf  againtt 


r-The 
MT  A  a.  Ml: 


tie  too  minMToua  le  bafla  to  ciia.    «-■ 
loB.  AC.  7*9:    a!l«on(N   R11I1.8. 
.,..„._,,   .ti;    iTyr,  i4.9C.:    .M   *W4i4; 
}  Dowl.  si),  }C.  ft  P.  6j3i    ■  Dana.  h.  Uovd,  i»;    ■ 
M.  A  VLnb.    a-Poat.  Kovatiow.  Fnih. :  Oh.  y.  * ch. 
6.I1;  CkinyCoa.sai;    1  I.  J.  M« '>ll.  v;;    7  Monr. 
li  4M.4ti:«WlMal.ai:lWc    I  Sit.    ft^Barb. 
t.  ito:  T*'e«J.  J07;  t  hill,  iv^      w-i  Chlity  PI 
]30i  II  How.  ."r.  III!    di-ks  John*,  ji),    «-ig  John*. 
Iji  Bold.  |6}i  6Cowea,«e4:  4ld.<7}i  >  WMd.wy: 


'A 


kla  iwlnclpal  *  Tke  temst  of  Ike  crieitrtKi  of 
guaranlv  are  ini'Mrit'd  «irktly 

INDORIBMIN  r  ANb  TMAKBFCll. 
I'll  iiidorve  It  lo  wii'a  on  Ihe  tck.  HilU  of 
etrhamge  rnd  proMUaa^iry  notes  -  a  Induned 
L>y  *■  )ia#ly't  writing  hit  n«mc  on  t/ie  liack. 

A>-)  Indorter  It  the  penor  «lu>  makea  an  In* 
dorvtmeni 

An  indoraee  Ike  perton  10  wkum  Ike  li|> 
liortemenl  it  maile. 

The  Indijrtemani  la  Ihal  which  ta  written  on 
Ike  iMik  of  an  Intlrumeni  i"  writing, and  whieh 
hat  relation  to  11  j  wrilli.j^  any  name  o«  ihe 
back  of  a  prumiaaory  note  >tt  other  negoi table 
litairumenl.J 

A  lilank  indortement  la  t-^"  in  which  Ike 
name  of  Ihe  Indoner  only  '4  ii'inan  upon  the 
intirument.  Though  gi-  iteri  W  iit>  'V  by  writing 
the  n<)'>rter't  name  ms  ihe  bk"*)^  '( 'I  •  wrtiing 
aciuat  ike  face  may  antwer  iha  tame  pur|«Me.~ 

A  conditional  Ind-inemcni  it  one  made  tub- 
Jcct  lo  lome  ronditioti  without  the  performance 
of  which  the  inttrument  will  not  be  ur  remain 
valid.* 

An  indoraement  in  fall  it  one  In  wt  iuh  tten* 
tion  ia  made  of  Ihe  iiiime  of  the  indorie  1  ^ 

A  ({ualtfied  Indortenieni  is  one  whiCtS  /•• 
tiralnt, '  <  limit*,  or  ({uallflea,  ur  enlarge*  (he 
liability  <>l  the  indorser.  In  anv  manner  differ' 
cnt  foiin  what  the  law  generally  Impurtt  aa  hk 
trtM  liabilily,  dcduciblr  from  the  nature  of  the 
Intlnimeni.*  The  wordt  generally  uted  are 
"  iams  rt.  juri  "  ("  without  retoume  ").» 

An  indortement  It  generally  made  primarily 
for  the  |Nirnoae  of  Irantferring  the  rightt  of  the 
hnlder  of  the  intirument  to  tome  other  perton. 
It  ha*.  I  owever,  vari'<ut  retiiltt,  lUch  at  ren- 
dering \.\\t  Indorter  liable  in  certain  events  i 
and  hence  an  indoreemeni  ia  toinetimet  made 
merely  l<»  the  purpoae  of  additional  tecurity. 
This  in  called  accoinmodaiion  indoraement 
when  done  without  contlderation  other  than 
an  exchange  of  indoi-temrnis. 

A  rti'Hclivtf  Indorsenaent  ia  one  which  re- 
•traina  the  nego  iability  of  the  intirument  to  a 
particular  person  or  for  a  particular  perwn 
or  purpoae.* 

TMK  icrrrcT  op  Tiii  iNDOHttMKNT  on  a  ne- 
gotiable promitsory  note  or  bill  of  exchange  i« 
l>  >  irantfer  the  property  in  the  note  or  bill  (o 
tlxti  person  m<>ntioncd  in  the  indorsement  when 
It  it  made  it  full,  or  lo  any  person  to  whoae 
iKMaetston  it  mi'V  lawfully  come  thereafter  even 
ny  mere  delivery,  when  it  is  made  in  blank,  so 
(hat  (he  poaaessor  may  sue  upon  it  in  hit  own 
name,  as  well  as  if  he  had  been  named  aa  the 
payee.'  And  any  person  who  has  potsesaion 
of  tke  Instrument  is  presumed  to  be  the  legal 


<J  >d.  Ml!  M  W.  •!•!  tj  Id.  tsj!  t  Hill,  f» 
6  U.  M7._  f«_Hni,  tj9  : 


5o«- 

*"J  19  Johns.  II9:   <  Barb  si7 
ft  P.  tM.    g-SUHj  Bllli,  j»s 
ft.R.  19I;    ta  Pick.  1)3,  41A; 
ihlp.  164.  itS.  dtM 


,  -jy.  sHarb. 

I]  Wtiid.  Mj;  >4  Id. 
:  11  A.  ft  K.  4}t;  3  b 
h-i>  Pctcn,  497 :  9  S. 


JOSJ9 

ft.    asH  Taunt.  10. 
Ed.)  tCi.    m-i  MiMt.  »). 


a  How.  4)7;  4  Humph. 
I.  my  I-14  Barb,  itv  J- 
ly    i-ilPlck.63;  iftEaat. 


■o  VI.  499.   h-ij  S.  ft  R.  lit. 

■-Oiiity  BlUt.  170.    v-ld.  (M 


ti  Id,  14.    %-i  Rob.  taa. 


I5« 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


Amm  fiik  holder  and  owner  for  value,  until  the 
GontnKy  it  thown.  When  the  indorsement  it 
made  before  the  note  becomes  due,  the  indorsee 
and  all  subsequent  holders  are  entitled  to  re- 
cover the  face  of  the  note  against  the  maker, 
without  any  right  on  his  part  to  offset  claims 
which  he  may  have  against  the  payee ;  or,  as  it 
is  frequently  stated,  the  indorsee  takes  it  free 
from  all  equities  between  the  antecedent  parties 
of  which  he  had  no  notice.* 

Indorsers,  al»o,  unless  the  indorsement  be 
qualified,  become  liable  to  pay  the  amount  de- 
manded bv  the  instrument  by  the  failure  of  the 
principal  (the  maktr  of  a  note,  or  aecMcr  of  a 
Dili),  upon  due  notification  of  such  failure,  to 
any  subicquent  indorsee  who  can  legally  claim 
to  hold  through  the  particular  indorser.' 

Where  a  person,  not  the  payee  of  a  note  on 
demand  or  on  time,  puts  his  iiaroe  on  the  bock 
•t  -the  time  of  its  inception,  he  is  liable  as  an 
original  promiuor  or  surety,  but  not  as  in- 
dorser.* 

Notes  and  bills  payaUc  to  order,  or  to  bearer, 
or  containing  any  words  to  make  them  assign- 
able, may  be  truiiferred  lo  as  to  give  the  in- 
dorsee a  right  of  action  against  all  antecedent 
parties;  and  bills  or  notes  containing  no  ex- 
press words  to  nmke  them  auignable,  may,  in 
general,  be  assigned  ao  as  to  give  the  assignee 
a  right  of  action  upon  them  against  the  as- 
signor.' 

A  bill  or  ricie,  if  payable  to  order,  is  not 
transfereMi:  except  bv  indorsement;  if  payable 
to  bearer,  it  la  tnuisMrable  by  mere  delivery.* 
If  a  bill  be  made  payable  to  A.,  or  order,  ibr 
th .  ose  of  B.,  B.  has  mit  an  equit^e  title,  and 
the  right  of  traiufer  is  in  A.  alone.'  No  one 
but  the  payee  or  person  l^ally  interested  in  the 
instrument  can  convev  the  title  by  indonoaiaif 
Indonements  ore  of  two  kinu:  on  indone- 
ment  m  Uamk,  or,  as  it  is  sometimes  termed,  a 
blmti  indonement,  and  an  indoiaeroeirt  imfidt, 
or  a  tpttial  indonement.  No  jMiticiilar  fonn 
of  words  is  cssantial  to  any  indorsement.  The 
mark  of  a  person  who  cannot  write  is  a  suS- 
oient  indorsement.*  A  Hank  indotstment  is 
made  bv  the  mere  signature  of  the  indoraar  on 
the  bock  of  the  WU;  its  effect  is  to  midte  the 
instrument  thereafter  payable  to  the  bearer.* 
An  indorsement  mi  fiM,  beaides  the  sigaatnre 
of  the  indocsei,  expresses  in  whose  favMr  the 
indorh.diicnt  b  made.  Thus,  an  indonement 
fai  full  by  A.  B.  is  in  this  fonnt  " Pnv  C  D., 
or  o;!der ;  A.  B.,"  the  signature  of  the  indorser 

••3  T.  R.  So,  «3 ;  7  M.  4»3 : 1 M.  ft  W.  M :  •  Cdna. 
]ps:  13  Mart,  tsa;  16  Ftc.  1.  ttStorjr  BMs,  |  aa4; 
PaisoM  Kilt,  a-t  Pick/^iM;  4  14.  311:  ■#  Id.  «4;  9 
Mm*.  314;  |6  If*.  14744  nek.  afa ;  7  ifass.  ajs :  »4 

I  G.  Gfwm,  |3t :  a  Dasr.  33.  v-Hajrlcy  BMs,  6$; 
Mm  Bllb,  113.  w-Adtt.  mXmCm,  y,  a  Vent.  ■07; 
«bB.s«4i4^..t7;sB.ftC..M.  sr-4Esp.^i 
•  Barn,  ft  Ci«n.  ■S3;  15  N.  Y.  %fk%  7  Gniy.*t7;  i; 
HiU,  47 :  so N.  Y.^ :  1  Coaat.' iV:  i  H.  Jia.  ^7; 
4  T.  R  «»;  t7  N.  Vr«osi  6  llais.<3l8.  By  Ihs  law 
mnelnat,  Mh  and  noMs  payabia  to  (iid«r  can  be  tnua- 
isncd  oaw  Iqr  tBdoncsMt,  a  Bibb,  ti:  ■  Brook,  so;  7 
MSM.:  SldTsW;  i«  Id.  314.  ••tM.ftM.tM>-  fi- 
natjm.  «n. «tt.  %C<mi.  1^.  mis  t  Sna, 5571 »  Botr. 
•»i4;  I  Bta.  *9Si  &  C;  }  Bia|.  N.  C  lay:  %  Scoll.  9; 


being  subscribed  to  the  direction ;  Its  effect  ii  to 
make  the  instrument  payable  to  C.  D.,  or  hit 
order  only,  and  accordingly,  C.  D,  cannot 
transfer  it  otherwise  iSan  by  indorsement.  The 
omission  of  the  words  "  or  order  "  b  not  ma- 
terial in  a  special  indorsement,  for  the  indorsee 
takes  it  with  all  iu  incidenu,  and,  among  the 
rest,  with  iu  negotiable  quality,  if  it  were 
originally  made  poyable  to  order.*  The  in 
donee  may  convert  a  blank  indorsement  into  a 
special  one  in  his  own  favor  by  superKribing 
the  necessary  words.*  The  indorsee  may  also 
convert  the  blank  indonement  into  a  special 
one  in  favor  of  a  stranger,  by  supencribing 
above  the  indorsement  the  words  "  pay  A,  B., 
or  order;"  and  if  he  transfer  the  bill  in  that 
way  inuead  of  indoning,  he  it  not  liable  as  an 
indorser.*  Where  there  are  several  olank  in- 
dorsements, the  holder  may  fill  up  the  first  one 
of  them  to  himself,  or  may  deouoe  hb  title 
through  all  of  them.*  The  holder  of  a  pro- 
missory note  indorsed  in  blank  may  fill  it  up 
with  any  contract  consbtent  with  the  character 
of  an  indorsement.'  It  b  net  essential  to  the 
validity  of  these  written  transfen  that  they  be 
on  the  back ;  they  may  be  on  the  face  of'^the 
bill.!  All  payees  of  a  bill  or  note  must  join  iu 
the  indonement.^  There  b  no  legal  hmit  to 
the  number  of  indorsements.  A  misspelling 
will  not  necessarily  avoid  an  indorsement? 
Neither  indorsement  nor  acceptance'  are  com- 
plete before  delivery  of  the  bilt.k 

Liability  or  an  Indorsu.  Every  indorser 
of  a  bill  b  in  the  nature  of  a  new  drawer,'  and 
b  liable  to  every  succeeding  holder  in  de&ult 
of  acceptance  or  payment  Inr  the  drawee.  But 
a  man  may  indone  n  bill  without  personal 
responsibilily,  by  expressing  on  his  indone- 
ment that  it  b  made  with  this  qnalificatlon,  that 
he  shall  not  be  liolue  on  default  of  aceeptanoe 
or  payment  by  the  drawee.  An  indorsement 
<'  without  recourse,"  or  at  the  indorsee's  «  own 
risk,"  will  not  expose  the  indorser  to  any  Ib- 
bili^.w  While  these  r.ords,  or  ai^  words 
which  convay  the  same  meon^iw,  protacl  the 
indoner  from  any  demand  on  him,  they  con- 
vey to  the  indorsee  the  paper  itself,  with  all  ;>e 
ncgoMoUe  qualities,  in  the  same  way  as  on  in- 
doisenent  with  no  words  .of  mrtHotion  or  ex- 
ception would  dot*  hut  u^thottt  then  the  in- 
d<Hier  b  linUe  for  the  whole  amount.*'  A 
party  transfeninc  a  bill  nay  also  decHac  per- 
sonal remmihUtty,  by  converting  an  exbting 
blank  inaonement  into  a  special  one  in  favor 

6D«wl.tf3:  dC.  B.«tf.    ••»  Mod.  ita:  I  $an|.  n6. 


_    .     , _.  t  M«.«7 

3(s;isilaas.  4i*:4Vaiit,4.  . 
jfe:  ■  Hioaph.jiS;  «,lrad.  •«. 


»•.  f.7CQ«i«i,s)<: 
sSs;  It  Jonas,  js: 


■  Dong. 


(V«d  Bs*(.<i.  ||-3 

.,,.        ^. dss:snew«a,  17*.  BaisieJar 

tidfaueiwd  of  dils  nils  IB  rArnico  to  a  liayaa  wteit 


•  m: 


nam*  *as  bft  l«  ihs  WMs  by  mltiako,  6  Mewi 
p.  ft_Ry.  A  8.  C._  k-s  PiNic^  4Mi  8 .'• 


Ad.  ft:%.^S^'  f  k. Vw 


W. 


v*c: 


.*H.44t. 

to:  I 


t-t 

fcytaiTMii?"'" 
r.  lof  ,  S.  C;  a  1 


317 i  s Dowi. 4«o:  I  M.-ft «. ^Tc.  m^iyi^ 

ta  la.  14;  s  Mat- mi  33  Ha.  404.   M flN» 
^  Mot.  SOI.  •-fTltuat.  ije. 


"..a  iVii  iiiinnftti 


'  direction ;  ite  cffiect  it  to 
payable  to  C.  D.,  or  hit 
irdingly,  C.  D.  cannot 
an  by  indortement.  The 

I  "  or  order  "  it  not  ma- 
rtement,  for  tlie  indorsee 
cidents,  and,  among  thr 
ible  quality,  if  it  were 
ble  to  order>  The  in 
)lank  indorsement  into  a 
n  favor  by  auperKribing 

The  indnnee  may  aliio 
lonement  into  a  special 
ranger,  by  aupencribing 
t  the  word*  "  pay  A,  B., 
traniler  the  bill  in  that 
ng,  he  iii  not  liable  a*  an 
!re  are  several  itlank  in- 
'  may  fill  up  the  first  one 
r  may  deduce  his  title 
The  holder  of  a  pro- 

in  blank  may  fill  it  up 
istent  with  the  character 
It  is  net  essential  to  the 
m  tramfers  that  thty  be 
ty  be  on  the  face  of'^the 

bill  or  note  must  join  in 
tere  is  no  Itfpl  hmit  to 
lements.  A  mitspelling 
avoid  an  indonement? 
lor  acceptance'  are  com- 
r  the  bill.k 

IMRSU.  Every  ladoner 
re  of  a  new  drawer,'  and 
eeding  holder  is  dcfiiult 
ent  by  the  drawee.  But 
■  bill  withovt  penonal 
resaing  oa  his  indorse- 
1th  thu  qnalificatkon,  that 
M  default  of  aceeptanoe 
awee.  An  indoncnent 
r  at  the  indorsee's  "  own 

the  IndMscr  to  any  lia- 

Tvoids,  or  any  words 
le  meaaiiiig,  protect  the 
nand  oa  him,  they  con- 
paper  itwlf,  with  alt  ;>e 

the  tame  way  m  an  in- 
ifdt',of  mtrifseon  er«x- 
ut  w|lhoat  theae  the  in- 
ihe  whole  nmoiut.**  A 

II  mayako  dedine  per- 
f  converting  an  eaiaang 
0  a  special  one  in  hnt 

9-n  Mod.  t9):  I  SaDL  ni. 


Ni.ii«.    g*ttkH.t.    fc-S 
;  sjjeaw*.  IT*-  Bm  sgfer 

t  nwvRos  to  a  flajria  wmm 

Smtalak*,  6  H«w.  mo.    t-a 
.c.  irsi.Jk*armt  * 

lat.  19a.  1  .  ■•■'■ 


BILLS.  BO^'fDS,  AND  NOTES. 


m 


of  hit  tranaferree.'  A  bill  may  be  indorsed  fom- 
dili«naffy,  so  as  to  imp«>He  on  the  drawer,  Wfiu 
tlierward  accepts,  a  liability  to  pay  the  bill  lu 
the  indorser  or  his  transl'errees  in  a  particular 
event  only.  An  indorsement  admits  the  siitna- 
lure  and  capacity  of  every  prior  party.o  The 
ririliing  out  of  an  indorsement  'by  mistake  will 
not  discharge  the  indorser.'  Nor  the  strik- 
ing out  by  miAlake  of  the  acceptance.*  But  the 
itriking  it  out  by  design  will.  In  an  action  by 
the  holder  of  a  note  against  an  indorser,  the 
phiniifT  cannot  be  pemiitted  to  strike  out  the 
name  of  any  indorser  prior  to  the  defendant.' 
When  a  bill  is  returned  to  the  first  indorser 
after  protest,  he  may  strike  out  his  indom?ment, 
thougn  it  be  in  full,  and  maintain  an  action  in 
hit  own  name.*  A  holder  nf  a  bill,  with  sev- 
eral indoncmenU  in  bUsx'n,  may  strike  out  all 
the  indoners'  names  after  the  nist.  »nd  write 
over  the  first  indcner's  name  an  auij.riment  to 
himself.* 

-^ Or  A  PKRSON  TKANirKKBINO  BY  DELIV- 

ESV.  A  ttensfer  bv  mere  delivery,  without  in- 
dorsement, of  a  bill  of  exchange  or  promisory 
note  made  or  become  pavable  to  bearer,  does  not 
render  the  transferrer  liable  on  the  instrument 
to  the  transferree.  It  is  a  gene  nile  that  the 
transferrer  is  not  even  liabl^.:  on  >e  considera- 
Non.  if  the  bill  or  note  so  transferred  by  deliv- 
<ry,  without  indorsemer.c,  tun>  out  to  tie  of  no 
value  by  reason  of  thr  failure  of  the  other  par- 
ties to  it.  For  the  Kcnding  to  market  a  bill  or 
note  payable  to  bciarer  without  indoning  it,  is 
prima  fiuit  a  sr.ie  of  the  bill;  and  there  is  no 
impliedTguarar.iy  of  the  solvency  of  the  maker, 
or  any  other  party.*  Such  seems  to  be  the  gen- 
eral rule  governing  the  transfer  by  delivery,  not 
only  of  (vidinary  billa  of  exchange  and  promis- 
sory nntea,  but  also  of  bank  notes.  Nor  is 
there  any  hardship  in  inch  a  rule,  for  the  rem- 
edy against  the  transfener  may  always  be  pre- 
K-rved  by  indorsement  or  by  special  contract. 
The  mie.  however,  is  not  without  exceptions. 
If  instead  of  cash  the  creditor  consents  to  take 
notes,  this  is  a  fisvor  to  the  debtor,  and  it  will 
•hence  be  inferred,  in  absence  of  evidence  to 
the  r;oBtnnr,  that  the  notes  wer<!  not  io  b«  in 
payment,  if  they  tnra  oat  to  be  of  no  viJue 
wiihout  the  &ult  of  the  creditor.  A  bill  of  ex- 
change or  proniasoiy  note,  either  of  a  debtor  or 
any  other  person,  is  not  payment  of  a  precedent 
debt,  nnless  it  be  so  expressly  agreed.'  Giving 
a  creditor  a  bank  che«ac  is  not  payment.^  But 
,if  the  UU  or  note,'iii«dc  or  become  payabk  to 
jbearer,  be  deliveted  without  indorsement,  aot 
in  payment  of  a  pre-exiatfaig  debt,  but  by  vray 

sJk.  mt;  .  8ai«ai;4,  ■•:  sCatip-  ••« :  Hoh.lf.  P. 
5-  5S0!  s  B.  ft  C.  ««b;  } D.  ft  R.  »i4.  S.  C.    s^j  B.  ft 

fdxmfl)6i  (8a«a.4i>.  w^vJSS.Mi  Pm'c! 
C.>ni)lla^,tsl.  ir-«B.C.3n:  itTi:  11.637. 
x-«  JphM. M:  >  iVtCIS, Mr;  (Id.  Oat  9  Johns.  310: 
»  Hon,  347:  Cmo.Ss:  9  Com*.  03:  6CniMb.a«;  • 
"•"Vi  SW«  iS"*""'  M9 !  •  8o»i«a»a, itKi  uA.  K. 
Miink,S77;  t&aa.iTa:  i  DoHg.  307:  3MdLa6s;  * 


Hm^st;  •Rkli.«4i; 


qSl:  7B7ftJi:>i«i  iBcU,^: 
si-P«r  I«B»  KamioN,  9  T.  at. 


of  cx'-hange  for  goods  or  other  bills  or  notes,  or 
for  money  transferred  to  the  party  delivering 
the  bill,  at  the  same  time,  such  a  transaction  is 
a  Hale  of  the  bill  by  the  parly  transferring  it. 
tnd  a  purchase  of  the  instrument  with  all 
links  by  the  transferree.  It  is  extremely  clear. 
t 'lai  if  the  holder  of  a  bill  send  it  to  market 
without  indorsing  his  name  upon  it,  neither 
ni  jrality  noi  the  faws  of  the  country  will  com- 
pel him  to  refund  the  money  for  which  he  sold 
It,  if  he  did  not  know  at  the  time  that  it  was 
not  a  good  hill.'  A  trnnsferrer  by  delivery, 
th.iugh lie  docs  not  in  general  warrant  the  sol- 
vency of  the  m.tker  of  a  promissory  note  or  bill 
of  exchange,  does  warrant  that  the  bill  or  note 
is  not  forged  or  fictitious.*  A  transferrer  by  de- 
livery cannot  he  liable  in  any  case  to  a  sulMe- 
ouent  transferree,  either  on  the  instrument  or 
tne  consideration. *>  But,  in  all  cases,  if  nottis 
or  bills  are  transferred  as  valid,  when  the  trans- 
ferrer knows  they  are  good  for  nothing,  the  sup- 
pression of  the  truth  is  a  fraud,  and  he  is  liabic. 
if  A.  could  show  fraud  or  knowledge  of  the 
maker's  insolvency  in  the  payer,  then  it  would 
be  wholly  immaterial  whether  the  notes  wore 
taken  at  the  time  of  the  sale  or  afterward.* 
The  doctrine  of  implied  warranty  in  sales  up- 
plies  to  the  sale  of  a  note,  so  that  one  who  stills 
an  indoned  note  gives  an  implied  warranty  tJiat 
the  indorsement  is  genuine.* 

Rights  of  the  iNnuxsEE.  A  transfer  h* 
indorsement  vests  in  the  indorsee  a  right  of 
action  against  all  the  parties  wh<«jk.  names  are 
on  the  bill,  in  case  of  default  of  acceptance  01 
payment ;  and  agaiqst  an  innocent  indorsee  foi 
value,  no  prior  party  can  set  up  the  defence  of 
fraud,  duress,  or  absence  of  consideration.*  If 
a  bill  be  reindorwd  to  a  previous  indorser.  he 
has,  in  general,  no  remedy  against  tlie  interme- 
diate  parties,  for  they  would  nave  their  remedy 
over  against  him.  and  the  result  cf  the  actions 
would  bfr  to  place  the  piirties  in  precisely  tb* 
same  situation  as  before  any  actiou  at  s!!.'  But 
where  the  holder  hes  previoualy  indorsed,  and 
the  subsequent  intetmediate  indoiser  has  no 
right  uf  action  or  remedy  on  that  previous  in* 
dorsement  against  the  holder,  there  are  cases  in 
which  the  holder  may  sue  the  intermediate  in- 
dorser.* It  is  competent  for  an  indoiser  of  a 
note,  on  again  coming  into  possession  of  the 
note,  ^  maintain  an  action  thereon,  without 
prodadng  extrinsic  proof  of  ownership.'  If 
any  peiaon  who  indmses  a  bill  of  exchange  to 
another,  whether  for  value,  or  for  the  purpose 
of  coUection,  comes'into  the  possession  thereof 
again,  he  is  regarded,  unless  the  contrary  ap- 

73(,aadaatsB<at.4ts;  3M.  ftp.  tjaS.  C:  sVcs. 
361:  I  Esp.  44y;  t  L.lt.  ««■:  laMod.  sm;  Con.  sr: 

C.i  7T  R.«4!  «B.*C.»73:  iC-ftM.637.  a-s 
Taunt.  4(9:  I  Mairii.  157,  S.  C. ;  i  Manh.  155;  5 
~  ~      *  "  '  ■■  Id  lia;   a 

iia. 


iJ.^i^^i^ 


J.  loi  B» 


.  . .    ,      .  ;  O.  it- 400.    Andtoitimr 

9pMar,3M:  yOaadi.  >|9;  ^Wbaat.  17$. 


.-tsM.ftW.  ^, 
il  L.  \. :  6s  C.  P. :  19  L.  J. :  O.  it-  400.    And  to  1 


ist 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


petr  in  evidence,  u  the  tcna  fid*  holder  end 
proprietor  of  luch  bill,  and  is  entitled  to  re- 
cover; notwithstanding  there  may  t)e  on  it  one 
or  more  indortetnenU  in  full  subsequent  to  the 
one  to  him,  without  produclns  anv  receipt  or 
indonement  back  from  either  of  such  indorsers, 
whose  names  he  may  strike  from  the  bill  or  not, 
as  he  may  think  proper."' 

Where  a  bill  or  note  is  merely  indorsed  to 
another  and  deposited  with  him  as  a  trustee, 
he  can  only  use  it  in  conformitv  with  the  stipu- 
lations on  which  he  became  the  depositary  of 
it.  The  trust  may  be  indorsed  on  the  bill  it- 
self  by  a  restrictive  indonement,  or  a  restrictive 
direction  appended  to  the  payee's  name,  so 
that  into  whose  hands  soever  the  bill  may 
travel,  it  will  carry  a  trust  on  the  face  of  \0 
The  following  have  been  held  restrictive  di- 
rections or  indonemenU :  "  The  within  must  be 
nedited  to  A,  B."»  "  Pay  to  A.  B.,  or  order, 
for  my  use."  "  Pay  to  A.  B.  for  my  account." 
"  Pay  to  A.  B.  onlv." 

The  omission  of  the  words  "or order"  in  a 
special  indorsement  will  not  restrain  the  nego- 
tiability of  a  bill.> 

Of  Transferrbe  by  DEUvmY.    The 

indorsee  of  a  bill  payable  tu  order  and  not 
made  payable  to  bearer  by  a  blank  indone- 
ment, has  no  right  to  the  bill,  either  so  as  to 
retain  it  against  the  real  owner,  or  to  sue  any 
party  upon  it  unless  the  indorser  had  a  right  to 
{ndone."  Whereas,  if  a  check,  bill,  or  note 
be  made,  or  have  become,  payable  to  bearer, 
the  title  of  the  holder,  both  as  aminst  the 
former  holder,  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  maker, 
acceptor,  or  indorser,  on  the  other,  is  not 
affected  by  any  infirmity  in  the  title  of  the 
transferrer,  provided  the  bolder  took  it  iotia 
fidt.  A  note  payable  to  A.,  or  bearer,  may  be 
'  negotiated  fay  delivery  only,  even  if  it  be  in- 
dorsed by  A.*  If  a  man  takes  hmuttfy  an 
instrument  made  or  become  payable  to  bearer, 
he  has  a  good  title  to  it,  with  whatever  degree 
of  neglif^ce  he  may  have  acted,  unless  \i!i% 
grass  negligence  induced  a  finding  of  ftrad.* 
Oroas  neapwence  may  be  evidence  o(  bad 
'  fiaith,  but  it  u  not  the  same  thing.* 

TlANSFBt  UNOIK  VKOXXKX  aKCUMSTAMCn. 
An  indorsement  may  be  made  cidier  before  or 
after  acceptance.  If  any  bond,  note,  or  bill 
of  exchange-  ia  indorsed  or  delivered  after 
the  day  on  which  it  is  made  paydide,  and  the 
indonee  may  institute  a>  action  thereon, 
against  the  maker,  drawer,  or  oUigor  (  the  de- 
fendant will  be  allowed  to  set  up  the  same 
defence  that  he  might  have  done  had  the  same 
action  been  instituted  in  the  name  and  for  the 


J-iAtk. 

.••Si 


l-Id.  P«r.  UvtiMMTOK,  J.  Sm  13  Com.  411. 
■47:  «  Biur.  iat7;  i  H.  R.  JM.  S. Ci 
CartlMW,  s :  »  Vent.  307,  S.  C.r» Tamt.  loa :  i  — 

M, s- C-i  •  Tmim.  ioo:  s  b.  ft  c. <Hki  %mm. my 

sY.  at  J.  MO,  S.  C:  1  lUym.  ifo;  ts  Weed,  jfa.^  fc- 
Dwv.  eiis :  t  Burr.  \w) ;  Cnth. « :  a  Vent.  307, 8.  C; 
7  Taunt,  ioo;  i  Mooti.  M)i.S.  C.  ;l-Com.  Mqjk  411 ) 
iSUkS»7:  sBurr.  itiiS:  iBt.  R.*M,S.C.    W:4T. 

B.  rXd.  10^-  3  N.  ft  M.  lAs.  s  B.  ft  Ai  w  L  JJN- 
ft  M.  t$7.  STC:  t  C  M.  ft  R.  ass:  5  Tyr-  sss. S-  C: 


use  of  the  person  to  whom  the  bond,  note,  or 
bill  WM  originally  made  payable. 

Aftei*a  bill  or  note  is  due,  it  comes  disgraced 
to  th'  indonee,  and  it  is  his  duly  to  make  in- 
quiries concerning  it.  If  he  takes  it,  though 
he  give  a  full  consideration  for  it,  he  takes  it 
on  the  credit  of  an  indoner,  and  subject  to  all 
the  equities  with  which  it  may  be  incumbered.' 
An  indorsee  of  an  overdue  bill  or  note  is  liable 
to  such  equities  only  as  attach  on  the  bill  or 
note  itself,  and  not  to  claims  arising  out  of  col- 
lateral matten.4  The  same  ;-ule  applies  to 
checks  transferred  a  lung  time  after  they  are 
issued,  for  a  check  is  payable  immediately,  and 
the  holder  keeps  it  at  his  peril,  and  a  person 
taking  it  after  it  is  due  Ukes  it  also  at  his  peril.' 
A  promissory  negotiable  note,  payable  on  de- 
mand, unless  transfened  within  a  reasonable 
time,  will  be  considered  overdue  and  dishon- 
ored.* The  law,  in  the  absence  of  any  evi- 
dence ou  the  subject,  presumes  a  transfer  to 
have  been  msde  before  the  bill  was  due.*  In 
the  absenr<>  of  all  proof  «s  to  the  time  when  a 
note  was  indorsed,  the  court  will  presume  that 
it  was  indorsed  while  current.* 

If  any  such  bond,  note,  or  bill  of  exchange 
is  indorsed  on  or  before  the  day  on  which 
the  same  is  made  payable,  and  the  indorsee 
inatitntet  an  action  thereon,  the  defendant 
may  give  in  evidence  on  the  trial  any  money 
actually  paid  on  such  bond,  note,  or  bill  <h 
exchange,  before  the  same  was  indorsed  or 
assigned  to  the  plaintiH,  on  proving  that  the 
plaintiff  had  notice  of  the  said  payment  before 
such  indorsement  wa*  made  ana  accepted. 

After  the  death  of  the  holder,  his  personal 
representatives  should  transfer; 
PARTIES. 

Aoitm.  Whatever  a  nan  may  do  by  him- 
■elf—- except  \ri  virtue  of  a  delegated  authority 
—he  may  do  by  his  agent.*  Dtsqualifications 
for  contracting  on  <me's  own  accooat  an  not 
disqualification*  for  contracting  as  ui  i^ent  for 
another;  for  an  agent  is  a  mere  instrument. 
Therefore^  infanU,  and  other  persons  laboring 
under  disabilities,  may  be  agento.* 

No  particular  form  of  iq)pointment  is  neces- 
saiy  to  enaUe  an  agent  to  draw,  accept,  or  in- 
dorse bills,  so  as  to  cfeaige  his  prindpal.  He 
may  be  mecially  appoint^  for  tnis  porpote,  or 
may  derive  his  power  frdm  some  genera^  or 
implied  authority.  The  authority  oTan  agent 
to  transfer  %  note  bv  indorsement  may  be  cre- 
ated verbally,  wheUier  the  prlncipu  be  an 
individual  or  a  corporation,  and  such  authority 
may  be  inferred  from  fiwts  and  circumstances 


Dowl, 
Bxch. 


m»X  V  Gale.  oi,8.  C.:  4  I>«rf.  »«:  »«  \-J- 

3M.    r-4B.ftC.  3»i«D.ftR.4«!»C.*  P.n: 
V\.  ft C.  3M:  4  IT  ft  R.  4«i!  s«5  M»,  Cm«<»; 
wSwt.  iji.   •-«  MIeh.  401.    •■»  C.  ft  P- 4*1;  *i 


ft  Ei:  III:  « N.  ft  M.  sm:  •  Harr.  ft  W.  4ft,  8. 

M.ftwTi'  "■  *'*  " 

IS  Vt.  5531    ..,.-. 


>6s.   a-iy  ViTm:  tM.  H.  134;  u  U- 1< : 
;  19  Bai6.  S. Ct4y..  V-»  C».  ».    «-C» 


iifo,! 


hom  the  bond,  note,  or 
e  (wyeble. 

due,  U  comet  disgraced 
b  hit  duty  to  make  in- 
If  be  takes  it,  though 
ation  for  it,  he  takes  it 
oner,  and  subject  to  all 
it  may  tie  incumbered.' 
due  bill  ornote  is  liable 
It  attach  on  the  bill  or 
laim*  arising  out  of  col- 
tame  -.-ttle  applies  to 
ung  time  after  they  are 
avable  immediately,  and 
his  peril,  and  a  person 
takes  it  also  at  his  peril.' 
ie  note,  payable  on  de- 
ed within  a  reasonable 
ed  overdue  and  dishon- 
te  absence  of  any  evi- 
presumes  a  transfer  to 
!  the  bill  waa  due.*    In 
>f  «s  to  the  time  when  a 
court  will  presume  that 
:urrent." 

Dte,  or  bill  of  exchange 

fore  the  day  on  which 

fible,  and  the  indorsee 

thereon,  the   defendant 

on  the  trial  any  money 

bond,  note,  or  bill  of 

tame  waa  indoned  or 

itt,  on  proving  that  the 

the  said  payment  before 

node  and  accepted. 

the  holder,  hit  penonal 

tianafer; 

r  a  nan  may  do  by  him- 
of  a  delegated  authority 
{cnt.*  Diaqoolifications 
le'i  own  account  tut  not 
ntracting  as  an  agent  for 
t  it  a  mete  inttrament. 
I  other  penont  laboring 
'  be  agent*.* 
>f  appointment  h  Meet- 
It  to  draw,  occqit,  or  in- 
baige  hit  principal,  fie 
int«^  for  thit  porpoM,  or 
r  fnlrn  same  mnera^  or 
be  anthority  oian  agent 
indonement  mnr  be  CR- 
er  the  prlncinu  be  on 
ttion,  and  tach  authority 
belt  and  circumttances 

,.  C.!  4  1>««^'  ft:  "  ItJ- 
S,  S.  C:  •  Bair.  103 :  ts  Mo. 
d.ftIl.44S:«C.JkP.ii: 
R.  411:  SM  ajMs,  Chockj  4 

j«Ha7.»W.4«,S.C.;ia 
MitM.H.u4;<4n-l': 
ri4|..  w-9  «•  »•   W"Ca 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


159 


lonnectcd  with  the  transaction.*  When  a  per- 
lon  has  authority,  m  agent,  to  draw,  accept,  or 
ifidorse  a  bill  for  another,  he  should  do  it  in 
iucli  a  manner  at  to  show  that  it  is  the  act  of 
■-ii  principal  1  as  by  signing  it  "  A.  B.,  by  C. 
,'  Ills  agent.*  Preceding  his  own  name  with 
■notds  that  eaprett  the  fact  that  he  signs  for  an- 
other.* Subsequent  recognition  of  an  agent's 
icU  is  equivalent  to  previous  authority;  prc»- 
Ttded  the  agent,  when  he  acted,  asnumjd  to  act 
11  agent.'  An  authority  is  often  implied  from 
circumstoncet;  at,  if  an  agent  hot  formeily 
been  in  the  habit  of  drawing,  accepting,  or  in- 
dorsing foi-  his  principal,  and  hit  principal  hat 
itcognTted  his  acts.* 

CoRPotATioNS  carrying  on  butiness  under 
no  restraining  act  may  make  promissory  notes 
ind  draw  bills  of  exchange  where  these  are 
the  usual  and  proper  means  to  accomplish 
the  purposes  of  their  organiitation ;  and  such 
notes  and  bills  are  presumed  legal  and  valid 
where  they  are  not  prohibited  by  law,  and  are 
received  in  good  faith.  But  are  invalid  where 
given  in  violation  of  taw,  or  for  purposes  wholly 
foreign  to  those  for  which  the  corporation  was 
created.* 

Drunkenness  when  toUl,  producing  a  com- 
plete, though  temporary,  suspension  of  reason,  is 
of  itself  a  defence  to  an  action  on  a  bill  or  note.i> 
The  person  intoxicated  hu  no  agreein?  mind.* 

Executors.  The  executor  of  a  deceased 
(wty  to  a  bill  or  note  has,  in  general,  the  same 
rights  and  liabilities  a.i  his  testator.*  There- 
Tore,  if  a  bill  be  indorsed  to  a  man  who  is  '"4, 
bjr  a  penon  ignorant  of  hit  death,  that  1 
in  indoiaement  to  the  penont  lepreicnk  ; 
of  the  deceated.*  On  the  death  of  the  houier 
oft  bill  or  note  his  executor*  or  adminittraton 
may  indone ;'  and  an  indonement  by  the  exec- 
utors or  adminittraton  it,  for  all  purposes,  at 
(ffectutl  at  on  indorsement  of  the  deceased.* 
PresentmeEt,k  notice  of  dithonor,  and  payment, 
should  be  made  by  and  to  the  executor,  or  ad- 
ministrator, in  the  lame  manner  at  by,  or  to,  the 
deceased.' 

Infants  can  mtk*  a  binding  contract  for 
necessaries  only.  And  an  infant  can  never  bind 
himself  even  for  necetiarie*  when  he  hat  a 
parent  or  guardian  who  tupplie*  hi*  wanuj 
What  ore  considered  «ece*(ane*>  depend*  upon 
the  rank  and  circumstances  of  the  infant  in  the 
particular  caae.    All  hi*  other  controcU  ar« 


«.j:ibnai.j5:^?:-, 


M-ChiUf 

-  -. ...  .„  II J » s  »^-^^  I'i;  *  c.^;  ^: 

C  L.  R.  ToL  M  i  tf  Mu.  A  O.  *j»;  Bi«.  C.  L.  k^. 

Her.  Cm.  ITS.    M-slfacH:  nf;  7  Cfcfc),  3* ;  «  B.  M^. 
■4.15  J<A5»'.«4.i ,»  «»■•.  4JOL  •  HIB,  aSs ;  0  Ohio, 


loGiU 


rv^sid' 


m: , 

■t  Id.  t4o.    h-i  Cam] 
Kast  by  a  pctsoa  « 

Exch./|,8.C.     e-ts  M.  _. , 

™'W«.is^io  lii«l.i09i   sCal.4» 


is.»99i  |Wt«J  04:  teNTY.s*; 
"P-3l.4f4:  ijM.kW.&j.  "At 
wholMid  notice.  lExch.  sSt;  4 
•13  M.  ttW.tos:  s  Cam?.  33* 
v7 — •  Tib  -Z.  ••^'  •«» L  5  Cal-  4«« i  •Ohio.  «i4  j   > 

*  \M.  tejVKaf.  C.  L.  R.  vol?;     "    "■ 
o,S.CL     ■HiJac.ftWidktr' 
:iiVfc&i4J» 


"To' 


»«o,  8.  C.    «Hi  jje^  ft  Wirfktr. «« ,   13  8.  ft  Man 


i38.ftManh, 
I*. 


considered  vcidabh  and  void.  A  distinction 
usually  of  importance ;  i»t,  because  a  wid- 
able  contract  may  be  afterward  aHirmed,  but  a 
contract  absolutely  void  is  incapable  of  confirma- 
tion ;  and,  ad,  because  a  void  contract  may  be 
treated  by  all  parties  as  a  nullity ;  but  contracts 
voidable  can  only  be  avoided  by  the  contract- 
ing party  himself.  An  infant's  contract  on  a 
bin  or  note  is  vofdable  only,  and  his  liability 
may  be  established  by  ratification  after  full  age.* 
The  conriim.ition  or  ratification  must  be  dis- 
tinct, and  with  a  knowledge  that  he  is  not  lia- 
ble on  the  contract.  A  mere  acknowledgment 
of  a  debt,  or  a  payment  of  a  part  of  it,  will  not 
su(nH>rt  an  action  on  such  a  contract."  When 
an  infant  indorses  negotiable  iictes  or  bills,  he 
d<>es  not  past  any  interest  in  them  as  against 
himself;  his  act  is  voidable,  but  neither  the  ac- 
ceptor nor  subsequent  indorsen  can  allege  his 
infancy  to  evade  their  liability  ;■  nor  can  the 
drawer  of  a  bill  set  up  the  infancy  of  a  payee 
and  indorscr  as  a  defence  to  an  action  thereon 
against  himself.*  An  infant  may  sue  on  a  bill,P 
but  he  sues  by  his  guardian  or  next  friend,*  and 
payment  should  accordingly  be  made  to  him. 

Parties  contracting  with  an  infant  assume  all 
the  inconveniences  tr>':)dent  to  the  protection 
which  the  law  allows  him. 

Married  Women  are  in  general  restricted 
by  statute,  and  bargain,  sell,  and  convey  their 
real  and  penonal  pror«rty,  and  enter  into  con- 
tracte  with  reference  to  the  tame,  tubject  to  tuch 
restrictions.' 

NoN  Compotes  Mentis.  It  is  a  general 
rule  of  universal  law  that  the  contracts  of  a 
lunatic,  an  idiot,  or  other  persons  non  compo* 
mentis  from  age  or  personal  infirmity,  are  ut- 
terly void.*  Sanitjr  is  to  be  presumed,  and  the 
burden  of  proof  it  on  the  pnrty  denying  it. 
But  after  a  general  derangement  hat  been 
thown,  the  burden  it  upon  the  other  party  to 
show  the  tanity  at  the  time  of  doing  the  par- 
ticular act.* 

Partners.  The  law  preiumei  that  each 
partner  in  trade  it  intrusted  by  his  co-parin<*rs 
with  a  general  authority  in  all  partnership  af- 
faire. Each  partner,  therefore,  by  making 
drawing,  indorcing,  or  accepting  negotiable  in*. 
strumenU,"  in  the  name  of  the  firm,  and  in  the 
course  of  the  partnership  transactions,  binds  the 
firm,  whether  he  signs  the  jiame  of  the  firm,  or 
»ign*  by  procuration,  or  acctpti,  in  his  own 
«-»  Ala.  103.  k-ij  M.  ft  Weh.  .js.  J^  Wattt,  So; 
i<  Mast,  rf ;  t  PafcK.  419 ;  10  Mo  „,.    f.,  £,4^.  'im 

*  Jifh.5® '  '' ^b^  *'9'}  ^  *•<»"•  7» :  3  Wend.  4m: 
4  Chyii3739:  •  N.  H.  ji ;  «Ah;.  7»s:  •  »«ey.  1.4:  j 


«ck._, 

jRlcb.  164;  oMaw. <te. 
;  4  Id.  44!! ;    It  Conn. 


*  HW.ji^ao;  I  B.  MoD.'iSj. '  aa-s  Barr^iiS; 

I  Wc" 


told.  137-  14 Id.  457: 
II  S.  ft  r 


Ml ;  4  Id.  44''< i  IS  Conn,  jw;  n  S.  4  R.  ^s ;  10  N. 
H.  iM-Mo:  9  H- 43«;  »  Hm,  »o:  •  Hawki,  5J5 ;  19 
Wei|.3oi;    ><Ah-i«6.     ia-4  Eq>.  187;   3»  Me.  430. 


••4Taunt.'4S* 
t  Maul*  ft  S.  MS : 


Chl'M  BlUi,  ao,  aooj  15  Man.  an. 
4  East.  I 


««»;    .     —  -,  -   _ 

^  ■jsi  4^»asi.  tio;   6  Taunt.  118:   5  B.  ft 

^•'!L'  '£;**^i,>*3.8.C,  ^l-My*r'»CoJo.|»53- 
jT  and  Bottt.  r-Soe  Mamibv  Wombn,  PaaaMtAL 
KiLATioMs.  »-Imt  Ub.  3.  dt.  to.  *.  8;  Dig.  Lib.  30. 
M- 1*  S>  «>•  's^  *-5  Johns.  144 ;  8  Humph.  145.  ■-7 
T. ».  «>7j   ilWk.  it6;   I  Ld.  Raym.  ^..  Ifc. :   i 

li'Si'in!  ■*•»»»'«»«••«•»  sSorflK, ».8. h  ; 


i^^p- 


ffe 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


nam*,  a  bill  drawn  on  the  firm.*  Partnen  an 
boand  by  a  note  given  by  one  party  in  the 
partnenhip  name,  although  in  violation  of  pri- 
vate instruclioni  from  one  partner  to  another.* 
A  partner  hai  no  right  tu  bind  hia  copartner 
by  a  note,  except  in  a  partnership  trantaction." 
It  it  Wnding,  neveriiiele»»,  in  th*i  hands  of  a 
4mm  fidt  bolder,  without  notice.'  But  an 
action  cannot  be  maintained  against  the  firm 
where  a  partner  has  signed  hi»  name  only  to 
dM  instrument,  though  this  proceeds  were  in 
reality  applied  to  partnenhip  purposes,'  unless 
the  name  of  the  signing  partner  were  also  the 
name  of  the  firm.*  But  a  partner  cannot  bind 
his  co-partner  by  a  joint  and  several  note.*  The 
firm  is  not  liable  where  the  partner  varies  the 
i^Ie  of  the  firm,  unless  there  be  some  evidences 
or  assent  by  the  firm  to  the  variance,  or  unless 
the  name  used  though  insccurately  yet  sub- 
itantially  descritM  the  firm."  Even  if  a  partner 
eicceed  his  anthority,  and  pledge  the  partuerahip 
credit  on  a  negotiable  security  for  his  own  pri- 
vate advantage,  his  co-partners  ai«  liable.  But 
if  a  party  Uking  a  bill  or  note  of  th-:  firm  knew, 
at  the  time,  that  it  w:«  given  without  the  con- 
sent of  the  other  pnnners,  ht  cani\ot  chaive 
them.*  And  the  taking  of  a  joint  stcurity  for 
a  separate  debt  raises  a  presumption  that  the 
creditor  knew  it  waa  given  without  the  concur- 
rence of  the  other  partners.*  If  then)  existed 
fraud  and  collusion  between  the  paitfier  and 
his  creditor,  the  bill  is  void  in  the  hamis  of  the 
fraudulent  holder,  not  on)y  against  the  partner- 
ship but  against  other  patties  to  the  bill'  But 
securities  which  may  be  unavailing  against  the. 
firm  when  in  the  hands  of  the  party  privy  to 
the  transaction,  will,  nevertheless,  bind  them 
when  in  the  hands  of  an  innocent  indorsee  for 
value.' 

A  dormant  partner,  whose  name  does  not 
amtear,  ia  bound  by  bilk  drawn,  accepted,  or 
indkwsed  by  his  co-pannen  us  thi  namt  of 
tktfirm> 

Inioagh  a  man  reallv  have  nd  intereat  in  a 
finn,  yet  if  he  suffer  himself  to  be  held  out  to 
the  world  as  a  n\ember  of  it,  he  thereby  author- 
iaea  those  /«  whom  kt  kat  t*tn  htU  mt  to  treat 
him  as  a  contracting  Vi^y-'    'To  i")*^'  *  """> 

I  Mo.  I :   i/ohio,  S9«.     x-i  A.  K.  Manh,  Mr-    ]r> 
BsUav,  14*:  *  PUm.  ><o:  i  Oiip.  43*:   S  Ftck.sia;  j 


fsr' 


l«t  C.  L.  R.  vM.  13:  II  Mooca.  last  i 
STC.  »i  B.  ft C.  \$;  Eaa.  C.  i*  Cvol. 
'   -*!:  II  Ad.  &  B.  SMilRw.  C  «^ 
D.  1*7,  S.  C.    aTi  Stark, 


»  D.  i«».  S.C.JJ  Start,  apa;  a  K^  W4i 
a.  Si  :  7  11.  ae  W.  ■<4t  a  B.  It  C.  si*>  ■■  asM. 
r  M.  It  G.  «>7.  •■«  Van.  M? :  •  ttiflv. !  a  IMailc. 
.^ .  a  Qill  ft  Johns,  lit.  f-i}  Bast.  in.  a>>ii  Jiihni. 
514:  s  SaoM,  »io!  »  Ala.  191  u  B.  Maa.  11:  <  HiD, 
MS:  s  Ala.  SOS :  1  hm,  sts:  ^  Watts  ft  ta%<f :.« 
How.  4*4:  i>  N.JH.  so$:  nWaad.  131:  «  «»».  8. 
C  3'«)  16 Paaa. 8l.Jm^ n  waad.  ts:  e  TrnM.  O;: 

-  'i««aM;  .i^,^a:,'g;i^ci:I!r?ft 


«  HiH,  g4;  1 
Marsh.  19s;  i}  |4 


lis;  }t  Ma.  (M 


:  17  Ma.  I 


*45;4 


liable  as  a  nominal  partner  he  must  have  b««n 
held  out  as  such  to  ttie  plaintilT.i 

After  a  dissolution,  the  ex-jiartner^  h«vi>  no 
longer  power  to  bind  each  other  by  bllU  ot 
notes  to  persons  aware  of  the  disKulution.^  Flut 
notwithstanding  a  valid  dissolution  of  an  ostni. 
sible  partnership  by  an  agreement  between  the 
partners,  still  the  authority  of  ex  partnen  to 
bind  each  other  by  bills,  notes,  or  other  cuti- 
tracts,  within  the  scope  of  the  former  partner 
ship,  continues  till  the  dis»jluiion  be  duly 
notified.*  When  dissolutior  \%  by  death,  iiot'cc 
is  not  necessary  to  protect,  the  esute  of  the 
deceased." 

PRB8BNTMBN'?  AND  PAYWIENT. 

AccEFTANCt.  Acceptance  is  an  engaBemcnt 
by  the  drawee  to  pay  the  bill  when  due"  m 
money.  Having  funds  in  bib  bands  bclon^-ing 
to  the  drawer,  it  is  his  duty,  according  to  mer- 
cantile usage,  to  honor  the  bill  by  acceptint;  it.' 
If  he  baa  been  supplied  with  funda  express!/  to 
meet  Ihe  bill,  or  have  money  on  deposit  und« 
such  circumstances  as  to  imply  a  contract  on  hii 
part  to  accept  the  draft,  he  owes  it  as  a  duiv  to 
the  drawer,  to  accept  the  bill ;  just  as  a  bank  or 
banker  is  bound  to  honor  and  pay  checks  drswn 
l^  customers  on  a  cash  account.'  Without  ac- 
ceptance a  banker  is  liable  to  his  customers,  if, 
having  sufficient  funds,  be  neglrcts  to  pay  his 
checks.  A  bill  can  only  be  accepted  ny  the 
drawee,*  except  for  honor.'  If  the  drawee  be 
incompetent  to  contract,  its,  for  example,  by 
reason  of  infancy,  etc.,'  the  bill  may  be  treated 
as  dishonored.  Acceptance  by  one  partner 
binds  the  co-partner.*  But  a  bill  drawn  00 
several  persons  not  in  pu^nership  should  be 
accepted  by  all,  and.  if  not,  may  be  treated  si 
dishonored.*  Acceptance  will,  however,  be 
binding  on  such  aa  ao  make  h.*  There  cannot 
be  two  or  more  separate  acorpton  of  the  same 
bill  not  jointly  responsible.  Th'ire  b  no  cus- 
tom or  usage  of  merchants,  according  to  which, 
if  a  bill  be  drawn  upon  one  taan,  \X  nay  be 
accepted  by  another.  A  bill  must  be  accepted 
by  the  drawee,  and  failing  him  by  tome  one  for 
the  honor  of  the  drawer.  Tfiere  cannot  he  s 
series  of  acceptors."  Acceptance  after  the  time 
of  paymt^nt  is  binding.* 

Ala.  soai  iS  WwmI.  st4;  S.CiaWstdL 


4ki*:  i^wid.  t5i,S.  C:  w  Wei«a.je4!  14  Me.w: 
JT id.  4i«J  s  Cart«(Iad.>  4M;  »l  Wtad.  j<l.  Il-io 
B.  ft  C.  sM:  «  B.  ft  Ad.  132  ^tt^m»:  3  §«*'VP' 
S.  C  l-io  B.  ft  C.  ■».  J^io  B.  ft  C.  141 ;  li«.  C.X. 
R.  VOL  SI :  1 11.  ft  R.  »<,  S.  C  fc-4  \\.fA  >?*; 
I  Nav.  ft  M.  104.  S.  C:  •")«*«•■  *»:"»",  399:  • 
lad.  304;  40Wo8t.  •:  is|f  H.  ssi-^  l;V  »*  3*: 
«  BarbTS.  C.  144:  •«  BT Mob.  35$:  «  ja»»s.  144J  • 
Ind.  si| :  33  BaA.  mI.  ■a-3  Mer.  619.  a-a  East,  n 
Tba  dmsma  is  liwr^  ao  jMwty  to  iha  insmawat  uMa 
h«aeeeMsdMMIi.CMttynDs.sti.  ^BttthaisiM 
twally  booad  to  do  so,  any  IBM*  thui  a  d«M«r  I*  bouRd 

loglv*  Macrsdhor  a  promiasorjr  new  far  tfcs  »»«>«« 
«hMTS(onr  Bffls,  M  >'3>  >>»>  'sf  •  »->  !>■"*•  ^  M^ 
4isi  so  &».  C  E  4«»:  ^^LuSiss^  h-  ««rliW 
Sa  accarwm  as  Ms.  »  C:^.  s»j.  r-8.  ft  Ad.  114 :  > 
U  jTJi  X.  B.J  ij  L.  J.J  Q.  8.  303 :  «•  >J-  m  ^ 

•6;  IWt,  mV  Martai,  «4.    »-B.  N.  ¥.  sfo;  B^. 


S»:C 


_     _      _      W^^  CiMBp.  447* 


Mrtncr  he  must  have  b««tt 

the  pUintiff.i 

on,  the  ex-psrtnen  havi^  no 
)ind  each  other  by  bill.*  tt 
fare  of  the  d'Molutton.'  Hut 
ralid  dlsM>lu(ion  of  an  (Mm- 
f  an  agreement  between  the 

authority  of  ex  |>artn«r»  lo 
ly  bill*,  note*,  or  other  con- 
cope  of  the  former  partner 
II  the  dias'jlutiun  be  duly 
iosolutior  ia  by  death,  noi-ce 

0  protecr.  the  etute  of  the 

BM*?  AND  PAYMENT. 

Acceptance  i»  an  engageinnii 
pay  the  bill  when  dtie*  mi 
'una*  in  hih  hand*  belonging 
hi*  duty,  according  ta  mer- 
>fior  the  bill  by  accepting  it." 
plied  with  funda  express!/  to 
ive  money  on  deposit  under 
>  ai  t3  imply  a  contract  on  hit 
Iraft,  he  owes  it  a«  a  dutv  to 

St  the  bill :  jutt  as  a  bank  or 
onor  and  pay  checVs  drawn 
cash  account.*  Without  «c- 
is  liable  to  his  cuntomers,  if, 
unds,  be  neglrctt  to  pay  hli 
in  only  be  accepted  by  the 
r  honor."  If  the  drawee  be 
mtract,  iM,  foi  example,  by 
etc.,'  the  bill  may  be  treated 
Iccfcptancfl  by  one  partner 
ler.*  But  A  bill  drawn  on 
[>t  in  p«r*.nenhip  should  be 
id,  if  not,  may  bt  treated  u 
M;iitance  will,  however,  be 
k  ao  make  H."  Thm  cannot 
parate  acccpton  of  the  same 
iponaible.  Th'ire  ia  no  cus- 
BTchanu,  ucording  to  which, 
n  upon  one  laan,  U  may  be 
er.    A  bill  moit  b«  accepted 

1  failing  him  t^  sone  one  for 
drawer.  TfMre  cannot  be  t 
*  Acceptance  after  the  time 
ling.' 

i;_>5  Wewl.  Jfit;  8.CiSW«ii 
■n  Vfena.jMt  14  ij^'-iP' 


(lad.)  4ttj  •! 


hi.  1} !  tJ&2*v«»o  i  >  f?''**,''*' 
a.  J-io  B.  ft  C.  sii;  Bag.  C.  L. 
I.  liS,S.C  k-4  b.  ft  fd.  >?•: 
.  C:  •  Jo^M.  y»;  RMd,  mj 
•  ;  UN.  li.  3S<- 


"SifSif*  '"^ 


-.'«:• 

■a-3  Msr.  619.  a>4  East,  n 
M«  no  part*  to  lb*  instnMMM  uMi 
34tty  fiOs.  ati.  ••ButlwisM; 
>,  aay  mora  ihaa  a  dAl»r  I*  boiud 
a  promissory  nou  far  dt*  amoMi 
ij,  «i|,  a^.  |»-i  Bara.  ft  Adol 
I*.  J^Stm  htjua  ncotnlM^ 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


Id 


The  following  rules  are.  In  general,  obnerved 
in  regard  lo  the  acce|.<tance  of  t>>lls  of  exchange : 
No  peiaon  should  be  charged  as  an  acceptor 
of  a  bill  of  exchange,  unltM  his  acceptance  is 
in  writing,  signed  by  himself  ur  his  lawful  a^'ent. 
If  such  acceptance  be  v^ritten  on  paper  other 
than  ihe  bill,  it  should  not  bind  the  acceptor, 
except  in  favor  of  a  person  to  whc  u  such  ac- 
ceptance  shall  have  been  shown,  and  who,  in 
fsiih  thereof,  shall  have  received  the  bill  for  a 
valuable  consideration. 

An  unconditional  promise  in  writing  to  ac- 
«ept  a  bill  before  a  bill  is  drawn,  is  deemed  an 
actual  acceptance  in  favor  of  every  person  to 
whom  such  written  promise  shall  have  been 
shown,  and  who,  upon  the  faith  thereof,  shall 
have  received  the  bill  for  a  valuable  considera- 
tion. A  letter  written  within  a  reasonable  time 
before  or  after  the  date  of  a  bill,  intelligibly 
describing  it.  and  promising  to  accept  it,  is,  if 
shown  to  one  who  takes  it  on  the  credit  of  the 
letter,  a  mutual  acceptance  binding  on  the 
promisor.' 

Every  holder  of  a  bill  presenting  the  same 
for  icceptance  may  require  that  the  acceptance 
be  written  on  the  bill,  and  a  refusal  to  comply 
with  such  requett  should  be  deemed  a  refusal 
to  accept,  and  that  the  bill  may  be  protested 
for  non-acceptaniw. 

The  preceding  rules  should  not  'je  construed 
to  impair  the  riKht  of  any  person  to  whom  a 
promise  to  accept  a  bill  may  have  beea  made, 
and  who,  on  the  faith  of  such  promise,  shall 
have  drawn  or  negotiated  the  bill,  to  recover 
(''mages  of  the  party  making  such  promise,  on 
bu  refusal  to  accept  such  bill. 

The  design  of  theie  rules  is  to  discourage 
the  Uking  of  such  acceptances  and  engage- 
Bents  to  accept;  for  where  anything  less  than 
t  written  acceptance  on  the  bill  is  taken,  the 
instrument  is  left  incumbered  with  conditions 
sod  qualifications  greatly  impairing  its  character 
»  «  negotiable  instrument.  The  acceptance 
mast  be  in  writing,  and  must  be  signed  by  the 
scceptor  or  his  agent.*  The  nstial  and  legular 
mode  of  making  an  acceptance  on  the  Mil  is 
writing  the  word  "aettfUtl,"  and  subM:ribing 
the  drawee's  name.  According  to  the  law 
merdiant,  my  words  written  by  the.drawee  on 
»  wll,  not  pntting  a  direct  negative  upon  its  re- 
quest, as  "accepted,"  " presented,''  " seen," 
the  day  of  the  jionth.  or  a  direction  to  a  third 
person  to  payit,  is  frim*  fatU  a  complete  ac- 
ceptance.* The  acceptance  under  the  statute 
must  be  signed,  but  the  sigoatvre  of  the  drawee 
written  acroas  the  fltce  of  the  bill  Is  a  sutficient 
wnting  and  signing.* 

If  Wf  person  upon  whom    a  bUI  of  ex- 
Change  IS  drawn,  and  to  whom  the  same  is 


{•3:  «,ft«.  itfi:*  Id.  Ill; 


Whyttoa,  «:  ij  Johas. 

3  Mass.  i:»  Id.  sj;  t 

$4$L5  W.  4«4!  ^^Psters, 


delivered  for  acceptance,  destroys  such  bill, 
or  fails  or  refuses,  wiihiii  twenty-four  hour* 
after  such  delivery,  or  within  such  period  as 
the  holder  may  allow,  to  return  the  bill  ac- 
cepted or  non-accepled  to  Ihe  holder,  is  deemed 
to  have  accepted  the  same.  The  penwm  on 
whom  a  bill  of  exchange  is  drawn,  when  it  is 
presented  to  him  for  acceptance,  ought  to  de- 
termine whether  he  will  accept  it  or  not  j  and 
if  he  determine  not  to  accejit  it,  he  is  bound  to 
return  it,  for  the  party  is  entitled  to  the  imme- 
diate use  of  the  thing,  and  if  the  drawee  deprive 
him  of  the  use  of  the  instrument  by  destroying  it, 
he  is  liable  as  if  he  had  written  his  name  upon  it.* 
A  bill  drawn  upon  one  l)y  himself  is  con- 
sidered as  nn  accepted  bill  j«  so,  if  it  is  not  ad- 
dressed to  .uiy  one,*  and  so  of  a  corporation.' 

The  holder  ia  entitled  to  require  from  the 
drawer  an    absolute  engagement    to  pnv  in 
money  according  to  the  tenor  and  effect  of  the 
bill,  unincumbered  with  any  condition  or  qua!- 
ficAtions.     A  general  acceptance,  without  any 
express  words  to  restrain  it,  will  be  such  an  ab- 
wlule   acceptance.*     An   acceptance   varying 
from  the  tenor  of  the  bill,  either  in  the  time, 
the  sum,  the  mode,  or  place  of  payment,  is 
conditional.'  In  respect  to  the  sum,  acceptance 
for  a  part  of  the  amount  required  to  be  paid,  is 
good  according  to  the  custom  of  merchants 
ard  binds  Ihe  acceptor.'    So,  an  acceptance  to 
pay  at  a  diflerent  time  or  place,  or  in  a  different 
minner  than  that  specified  in  the  bill,  binds 
the  acceptor  according  to  the  terms  of  his  en- 
gag«ment.i     The  conditional  acceptance  be- 
comes absolute  as  soon  as  ita  condition  is  per- 
fcMrmed.k      If   the    drawee   offer  a  qualified 
acc<iptance,  the  holder  may  either  refuse  or 
accept  the  offer.     If  he  mean  to  refuse  it,  he 
may  note  the  bill,  and  should  give  notice  to  the 
antecedent  parties.     If  he  intend  to  acquiesce 
to  it,  he.mu8t  give  notice  of  the  nature  of  the 
acceptance  to  the  previous  parties,  and  obtain 
their  consent. 

Qualified  acceptances  are  of  two  kinds  t 
eettditimal  and  partial,  or  varying  from  the 
tenor  of  the  bill.  Whether  an  acceptance  be 
conditional  or  not  is  a  question  of  law.*  A 
verbal  condition  is  inadmissible  in  evidence  to 
qualify  the  aDMlnte  written  engwement,  even 
between  the  original  parties.*  A  partial  or 
varying  acceptance  varies  from  the  tenor  of  the 
bill,  as  where  it  engages  to  pay  part  of  the  sum," 
or  topsy  at  a  different  time,  from  that  at  which 
the  bill  is  made  payable  by  .he  drawer." 

The  liability  of'^the  acceptor,  though  irre- 
vocable when  complete,*  does  not  attach  by 
merely  I'riting  his  name,  but  on  the  subsequent 
deliveiy  of  the  bill,  or  upon  showing  to  some 


•-Edw. 
Barb.fi3 


Bills,  ««.  i  ;  3o.ij|j.  (Mich.)  193;  sea  13 
A  1"J*"  '^■^  '•  »«ch«blli  l<  c  uromltiofT 
S??'  V**  -S.  "^Xi";  -S  '**''*•  »r4-  (V  •  T.  K.  .81. 
ll.BavWyBnis.Ch.6,i}.;jX«mConi  1  (4.  |-Str. 
•14;  6  Wand.  «4».  J-ii  »fod,  -p  k-Cowp.  s»i;  4 
Camp.  393  i  Sw.  isu;  Minor,  v;  7  Greeiil.  lifi.  i 
MII«S,M4;  14  Riib^  ,96.  1-3  «,  ,.  S7:  I  M.ft  W. 
J?l'   -  M  li"»'®J^-'  7S  *M» '•h.»44.    ll-i  Sim. 


\ 


Ill 


BILLS,  BONDS.  AND  NOTES. 


penoo  intemtid  In  the  bill,  ih«  •craptance 
thereof.'  Hence,  if  Iha  drawee  hai  written 
hit  name  on  the  bill,  with  the  in>cntion  to  ac 
cr^,  he  i»  at  liberty  to  cancel  hii  acoenlan'-'! 
at  any  time  before  the  bill  is  deli  vej»- ', .  v;*  a» 
least  before  the  accepii.nce  if  showt.t  <  ,)t!iO!!% 
lation  of  the  acceptance  by  mi  \t:  U'tt  hf 
other  parties  doe*  not  destroy  th«  n'^l' 

The  acceptor  is  primarily  liab'  '  to  jxiT  the 
bill  I  he  is  the  principal  debtor)  •  t!w  ><«'•!«>'. 
and  the  drawei  'ind  ind^ ler  are  ;<  rv<*.<i  'M'ih 
on  his  default.*  The  a^^ptor  of  «  r.411  sl^ttds. 
for  most  purpcts^i,  in  th«i  same  situi  m  as  the 
maker  of  <)  nmv.  The  acc^'ptor's  li«hility  can 
cnly  be  disch'irg"^  1  by  poymci.  ,  or  other  iMtis- 
p'*&yon,  by  r » !«w  >r  by  waiver.'  Th*"  liability 
cf  an  accept  V,  t"'«UKh  complete,  m^y  V,  ?  dis- 
charged by  an  ex)^  ess  rrxunciatiri'^  oi  tils  claim 
an  thn  part  of  the  Mdc:  N>'%i';4  nhort  of  sn 
eip.js  discharge,  ioun  'od  "lon  a  ytod  ew- 
sideraiion,*  will  do.  T»i«  t«tc«Ual!cwv  of  iha 
acceptor's  name  by  the  !;ol»if,tf  is  a  wt;  s*  rvf 
the  erceptftnce.  Whdre  » Ihl; •?  i;*nr.in i:, , r'sls, 
it  i»  K  question  of  fact  whether  that  caiicc.'Ution 
were  with  the  awient  of  the  holder."  The 
liability  of  the  acceptor,  as  such,  will  he  also 
waivea  or  extinguisned,  by  taking  from  him  a 
co-extensive  security  by  apt  .Ity.  But  if  the 
new  security  recognise  the  bv!  or  note  aa  still 
existing,  it  is  not  extinguished  >"'  An  intentional 
alteration  of  a  kill  or  note  ir  v>n'  material  par- 
ticular, after  it  has  become  an  n  >.  lable  security, 
without  the  consent  of  tb«  pi^niis  interested, 
cancels  or  destroys  the  instmcivnt.*  Thus, 
altering  the  amount,  or  the  date  'ly  which  the 
time  of  payment  is  postponed,  oi  the  place  of 
payment,  or  the  terms  of  the  accepf?n(»,  avoids 
the  bill  or  note.* 

By  acceptance  the  drawee  admits  the  signa- 
ture and  capacity  of  the  drawer,  and  cannot, 
after  thus  giving  the  bill  currency,  be  admitted 
to  pro'-e  that  the  drawer's  signature  was 
forged.*  An  acceptor  is  bound  to  know  the 
drawer's  handwriting,  and  cannot  resist  pay- 
ment to  a  hma  fidt  holder,  though  the  bill  be 
w  forgery.*  It,  moreover,  admits,  and  so  does 
the  maker  of  a  prumissory  note,  the  then 
capacity  of  the  payee,  tb  whose  order  the  bill 
or  note  is  made  payable,  to  indorse.*  If  the 
drawee  has  once  admitted  that  the  acceptance 
is  in  his  own  handwriting,  and  thereby  given 
currency  to  the  hill,  he  cannot  afterward  ex- 
onerate himselt  b>  £>howing  that  it  was  forged.* 


474.:  I  Dowl.  ft  Ry.  }•.  «•«  B.  ft  Aid. 
78,  S.  C:  «  East,  im  :  *  smith. 


17.8. 


p-S  B.  ft  Aid 

m ;  t  D.  ft  R.  7*. IS.  C.:  «  East,  iM :  «  smith,  u; 
C;  Miirius,  ».  r-15  Eatt.  17;  n  M.  ft  W.  779;  _  _ 
Rurr.  674:  Douiii.  149:  B  Eip.  47:  6  B.  ft  C,  Mi;  4 
Bing.  7S0.  t-Sc«  tnirm.  a-i  Camp.  35.  v-IHmmj, 
33!:  rs  East,  ^jp,  <■  ■  M.  ft  W.  14 ;  ■  Slark.  531 ;  •  C. 


Ptakc,' 


K  f.  497;  rtakc,  ; :  .Slory  BlUs,  I  ii«,  *>,  a  rigllt 
tn  iiM  the  dravw  mriv  ba  walvad,  t  ^ ;  <rt,  • ;  «  M.  340 ; 
Siory  Billf.  ttja ;  i j  L.  J.;  117  fer  .  f .  ft  W.  K», 
S.  C;  10  L.7.;  E«ch.  34 :  t  D.  ft  ;  -r.-  w-t  SiiSk. 
ao% :  I  Dou||.  M7  ;  Story  BinM  t6t  ::.  ft  C.  yls  i 


4M.ftR.  S**Ic 
■-<  Mmu.  519: 


ftCsisi 
>-3B«C.  >    iDftR.^. 

3}  Pm'     9*.  •<-:   43  Mass.  136;  19 

dl«l,  »  ,  <«is«i.;.j9i!jCnineh. 

•  *«T  ft  S.  73" :  »» 

.    .  '   i  ^-  "•  '154  i  «  ™, 

I  Camp,  Hi  I  Bi      > '.  Q.  41I;  i  Sobtl,  |4*; 


Johns.  3QI,  and 

Kag.\,.  ft  Eq.  aj :  tg  Id. 


PitmNTMENT  POlt  ACCKFTANCK.  If  a  Ml! 
of  exchange  be  drawn  payable  at  sight,  nr  s 
certain  number  of  days  or  months  ufler  sifjht, 
nr  after  demand,  presentment  is  necesury  in 
crier  to  fix  the  time  when  it  shall  Iwcome  imy- 
%i>''*t  a)v*  ^he  law,  not  dtceming  it  wine  nr 
«())iiuibl<  \-j  nrtacribe  a  fixed  perimi  wiihin 
«'liich  twb  f- nJII  is  t;  c  -iresenied  for  «ccf|)«. 
»<4C«,  M>  at!  !»  cha.^e  tne  drawer  and  imlor- 
a^rv,  dac'xrw  briefly  that  it  must  be  pre!«cntcil 
'tMn  «  . :  '*rjnable  time,  ar  I  leaves  it  toili» 
court  ti-  ti>  ,;i>nnine  what  is  k  -easonnlile  time 
under  the  r^rcnmslanceaofeach  particular  case.' 
The  law  does  not  fix  a  time  for  the  prescnlment 
of  bills  for  a(C<ptance  where  they  are  drawn 
payable  on  or  H(\tr  sight ;  the  rule  in  xuch  cam 
la,  where  rharv  is  no  usage  of  trade,  that  (he  bill 
mxw  he  presented  within  a  reasonable  timr, 
wbivh  '1  a  mixed  ouestion  of  law  and  fact,  to 
tic  ii«utmincd  by  the  jury  with  the  assistance 
^f  thff  ju<?ji|e.«  A  bill  payable  on  demand  must 
be  prcwnted  within  •  reasonable  time,  or  the 
diawer  wilt  be  dijcbarged.*  Until  such  pre- 
sentment there  is  no  right  of  action  against  any 
party;  and  unlp's  it  be  made  within  a  ret. in- 
able  time,  the  holder  loaea  his  remedy  agsln«i 
(he  ntite  edent  parties,'  When  a  bill  is  dr?wn 
payable  a  specined  length  of  time  after  date,  or 
on  a  day  certain,  the  holder  need  not,  for  tiic 
purpose  of  chaiging  the  drawer  and  indar«er, 
present  it  for  acceptance  before  it  becomes  due 
and  payable,! 

It  ia  in  all  cases  advisable  for  the  holder 
of  an  unaccepted  bill  to  present  it  for  accrpt- 
ance  without  delay ;  for,  In  cose  of  acceptance, 
the  holder  obtains  the  additional  security  of 
the  acceptor,  and,  if  acceptance  be  rsfiised,  the 
antecedent  parties  become  liable  immediately. 
If  accepted  the  holder  acquires  thcrctqr  addi- 
tional security  of  the  acceptor.  If  the  drawee 
refuses  to  accept,  recourse  may  bt  had  im- 
mediately to  the  drawer  and  indorsers  for 
payment.'!  if  the  holder  present  the  bill  for 
acceptance,  though  not  bound  to  do  10,  he  mwt 
give  notice  uf  the  non-acceptance  to  the  drawer 
and  indorser,  without  delay.'  Presentment 
should  be  made  during  lh«  uua)  hours  of  buii- 
nesH."  Business  bonis,  except  in  the  case  of 
banks,  range  during  the  whole  day  down  to  the 
hours  of  rest  in  the  evening.'*  The  ixddec  may, 
however,  put  the  bill  in  drcnltftion  withoiit  ptt- 
aenting  it.*  Presentment  ilKMild  be  either  to 
the  drawee  himself,  or  to  his  aut(ioriMd  agent,' 

3  Dowl.  3fe.  S.  C:  t  Stra.  <4«i  a  Id,  94S!  •  M,  ft  SA 
13 ;  4  Camp.  tS,  S.  C.  C-io  Whaat.  339 :  i  Btaoey,  n 
KC:  4l>altu.a}4.  <i-aR.ftC.a93:  3D.ftRy-S34.a> 
C. :  (  Q.  B.  473 : 4  Baa.  4l7 :  4  Prioa,  300.  •^Ksp.  >a6 ; 
3rflIl]^.C.)«7J  •AiarTo4:  Rlleir,a4l:  iVllekj,:  7 
Blackr.  J0.    r-7  Cowaa,  70s ;  1  Id.  397 ;  no  JohM.  147 :  '3 

TauBt  Msi  I  M.  *M.  i3j:  aCft  P  to;  9Bb<t.4i«i 
aM.  ftSe.  S70.S.C.;  aojobna.  141A:  4Usao»,33<i  S. 
"  -"--(oa, III;' 7 Cowan, 70s;  laPkk.  399.  ■•aHal, 
Btickf.  it,    l-^VS  Rills.  <4o.   jj-a  WeiiiL 

:.  17  Id-  3W;  4  How,  (MJas-)  r- 

I.     K-3  Johna.  aea;  ; 


C.» 

r! :  S.  C 
Mo.  t« 


3  EaM 


J,  170;    t  J.-  K.  71a; 

Vt,  401:  kUo.ttH.     m-Mar. 
Lalth.  1*9.    v^aHBI.  56)^.9 

tiattC-i  f 


)a6i:  «»Vi.4m: 


lit.    N-sHII 


^-^i   y  «W»B.  4«6;  uS<-1^S«. 

Taami.  ite;  sMarsIt,  494,   p-j  S^.  tn. 


ibis: 


ivy;'  im  I  yjiwutHptymw-? 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


ACCirrANCK.  If  «  hill 
n  fMyabI*  M  night,  nr  t 
y»  or  munth*  ufter  mght, 
wnimenl  i»  neccMaiy  m 
'hen  It  ihall  liccome  \>ay- 
not  rfeeminK  it  wixe  nr 
I  a  (iiied  period  within 
■c  -we«enle<l  for  accriit- 
I  tne  drawer  and  imlor- 
hat  it  muat  be  prcKtntcd 
ime,  ar  I  leave*  it  tn  ili' 
hat  i«  k  ^eamnnhle  time 
e«  of  each  narticularcate.' 
1  time  for  tne  presentment 
«  where  they  are  drawn 
ht ;  the  rule  in  such  cams 
taM  of  trade,  that  the  bill 
ilbin  a  reaaonable  timr, 
ntion  of  law  and  fact,  to 

jury  with  the  atsistance 
pavr.hle  on  demand  must 
I  rea«onflhle  lime,  or  the 
artfed.k  Until  anch  pre- 
ignt  of  action  againit  any 
M  made  within  a  ret.it!- 

loaea  hi*  remedy  againit 
.<  When  a  bill  ia  dr^wn 
iglh  of  time  after  date,  or 
holder  need  not,  for  the 
:he  drawer  and  imlorser, 
ice  before  it  becomen  due 

adviiaUe  for  (he  holder 
I  to  preaent  it  for  accept- 
or, in  au«  of  acceptance, 
le  additional  security  of 
icceptance  he  rsfuaed,  the 
:come  liable  immediately. 
er  acquire*  thereby  addi- 
acceplor.  If  the  drawee 
Mune  may  be  had  im- 
vwer  and  indoners  for 
Ider  preaent  the  bill  for 
A  bound  to  do  lo,  he  muM 
-acceptance  to  the  drawer 
It  delay.'  Presentment 
g  the  Mua)  houia  of  bud- 
re,  except  in  the  case  of 
le  anhole  day  down  to  the 
ening.*  The  htddet  may, 
in  circulftion  without  pie- 
lent  ahoald  be  either  to 
r  to  bis  «ttt(ioriied  agent,' 

R.ftC.a93:  i  D.»Ry.$34,S. 


7 ;  4  Pfiee,  jMi.   •.dEap.Mt: 
04 ;  RUejf,  ■4* ;  «»  Hck.  99  ■  J 


i«3 


,jm;  n Pick.  aea.  m-* Hal, 

low.  (Mia*. )  5^ ;  it  Vt.  4<» : 
■a*;  3  EaM.  4>i:  Deu|l.  S4- 
tit:  4How.7M(».)*$t;  w 
i-Mar.Mt.  it-«Hln,6M:  7 
Hi:  9tti«.  4>6:  «M.ts«. 
•  Manh,494,   ip.9 1^.17}. 


and  ihonid  be  made  fn  such  a  manner  as  to  give 
km  an  opfwrtunUy  to  act  deliberalely.s  If  the 
ilrawee  desire  it,  the  bill  should  be  left  with 
him  twenty-four  hours,  unless  in  the  interim 
he  either  accept  or  jclares  his  resolution  not 
lo  accept.'  If  more  than  twenty-four  hours  be 
Ki»en,  the  holder  ought  to  inform  the  antece- 
dent parties  of  it.' 

NoNACCin-ANCl.  The  proceedings  neces- 
«ry  to  be  taken  by  the  holder,  on  a  refusal  of 
a  drawee  to  accept,  are  the  same  in  most  re- 
spects as  are  required  to  be  taken  by  him  in  the 
ca»e  of  noil  payment  of  a  bill  of  exchaniie  of  a 
promissory  note.  The  principles  applicable  to 
ihe  giving  of  notice  to  the  drawer  and  indor- 
««r»,  are,  under  the  k*  merchant,  the  same  in 
either  case,  and  it  will  be  considered  together 
in  a  subsequent  section.  But  the  rules  more 
immediately  relating  to  the  conduct  that  should 
he  pursued  by  the  holder,  where  the  bill  i«  dis- 
honored by  non-accep»ance,  will  now  be  briefly 
considered^ 

Generally,  a  failure  to  give  the  drawer  and 
indorsen  notice  of  non-acceptance  discharges 
them  J  the  notice  is  required  so  that  these  par- 
ties may  lake  piompt  measures  of  self-protec- 
lion,  the  drawer,  by  withdrawing,  or  withhold- 
ing  the  fuither  accuninlatlon  of,  effecu  in  the 
hinds  of  the  drawee,  and  the  indorscrs  by  ob- 
taining or  securing  payment  from  the  parties 
rwpecUvely  liable  to  them.*    The  drawer  and 
indorsera  are  liable  to  an  action  by  the  holder 
iinmedialely  after  the  bill  is  seiused  acceptance, 
and  before  it  is  payable,  on  giving  due  notice 
of  non  acceptance.*    The  mere  fact  that  the 
drawer  has  no  funds  or  effects  in  the  hands  of 
the  drawee,  is  not  alone  sufficient  to  excuse  the 
want  of  notice,  if  it  appeara  that  the  drawer 
had  a  reasonable  expectation  that  his  bill  would 
be  accepted  and  pald.»    If  the  drawer  has  no 
funds,  vid  knows  that  ht  has  none  in  the  hand. 

^'li'^..  ?*,*••  *"•'  ""'  '^«'»*  ">  ««P«e*  •»»»  his 
bill  will  be  honored,  he  is  not  entitled  lo  notice 
of  dishonor.*  Drawing  under  such  drcnsh- 
ilance*  does  not  give  the  drawer  a  right  to  in- 
mt  upon  the  rule  reauiring  notice.*  When  a 
Mil  IS  drawn  merely  for  discount,  and  without 
»ny  expectation  that  it  will  be  accepted  and 
psjd  by  the  drawee  (aa  where  It  is  drawn  and 
indorsed  for  Ihe  accommodation  of  the  drawer), 
notice  of  n<»-BccepUnce  is  not  necessary.* 
J-raud  in  other  partita  to  the  bill  doea  not  de- 
pnve  the  indorser  of  his  right  to  notice  where 
he  IS  not  orivy  to  the  frawL*  And  Ihe  mere 
lact  th«  the  drawer  has  no  (kinds  in  Ihe  hands 
of  the  drawee,  though  known  to  the  indoner, 
•loes  uot  deprive  the  latter  of  his  right  to  insist 

Ma«»,j3|ij allaaa.«»:  lid. ;&;  t  lkr.ii]yfJm. 
•■  iU  in;  jld.soa;  iWaah.cTc.j 


»oo,  «4j 
»4;  4jaBB;fa4:  sW.3«;  »l 


v-4Cnaeh.  141 ;  talitaH.  171';  a  CampTin 
••7.Ma»s.  4ja ;   {  Hisrr.  ft  Johns 


■Sf-»t.  ti^:'i«Id.  43 
••7Ma»s.  4sa;   tHiSn,„, 
Cord,  257,  a  •   .Johns.  C*s 
»o.  J9»     -     '■* 
St.  IJ4.      _  .  . ,  „  _ 

U3.  Mtu.a^yf.j^ 


'■■  'IV  ;  Ca'nPiWi  3  W-  334; 


.  .  t-t      /.  -     i-;;'*'' '   •  Now.  ft  M'- 

F-l 7.:  »•  ♦»»;  •'•Johas  «46.    y-s"  Rand. 
■<4  Taunt,  rai.    »4  1}.  "  ' 


-ftC- 


on  the  jsua!  notice.*    The  death  of  Ihe  drawed 
may  render  a  presentment  for  acceptance  fruit- 
less  and   unnectasury,  but  does  not  dispense 
with  Ihe  necessity  of  giving  timely  notice  of  the 
dishonor  of  Ihe  bill.?    Neither  does  the  death 
of  the  drawer  or  indorser  discharge  the  holder 
from  his  dutv  to  give  the  usual  notice  1  bui  the 
notice  must  be  sent  to  Ihe  representative.,  if  the 
holder  know,  or  can  ascertain  who  they  are. 
and  their  address.'      If   the  holder  do«i  not 
know  of  the  drawer's  death,  notice  should  b« 
Iftven  in  Ihe  usual  way.*    And  when  there  are 
joint  indorkers.  not  partners,  it  ia  incumbent 
upon  the  holder  to  give  notice  to  the  represent- 
atives  of  the  deceased  ;  If  he  fails  to  <fo  so  ha 
3ses  hiK  remedy  against  Ihe  survivor,  for  Ihe 
latter  is  thereby  deprived  of  his  right  of  con- 
tributioi:   (rom  the  estate  of  his  co-indoraer.' 
Bankruptcy,  or  known  insolvency  of  Ihe  arawer 
or  maker,  does  not  excuse  negle'^t  to  make  pre- 
wntmenl,  or  lo  give  notice.'   Where  the  drawee 
cannot  be  found,  or  has  absconded,  it  is  »M<fi- 
cicnt  to  use  doe  diligence  to  pre.  ent  the  bill  for 
acceptance  or  for  |>ayment  j  provided  the  holder 
takes  care  to  communicate  the  requisite  notice 
to  the  indorser.*    Where  the  drawer  or  indor- 
ser has  absconded,  or  cannot  he  found,  it  ia 
enough  if  the  holder  use  due  diligence  in  gir- 
ing  the  required  notice.''     Services  of  notices 
ot  protest  on  paries  lesiding  in  the  town  or  city 
where  such  protest  is  made,  msy  be  by  deposit- 
ing such  notice  in  the  post-office  in  a  sealed 
envelope,  addressed  to  such  person,  with  the 
postage  prepaid.'    Sudden  illness,  or  death  of 
the  bolder,  or  his  agent,  or  other  accident,  may 
constilule  an  excuse  for  the  want  of  regular 
notice  lo  any  of  the  parties,  in  case  it   be 
(liven  as  soon  as  pouible  after  Ihe  impediment 
18  removed  1    And  this  is  clearly  in  harmony 
with  the  g.nera!  ptinripies  of  the  commercial 
law,  which  in  no  case  requires  Ihe  performance 
of  an  act  that  has  been  /endered  impossible 
through  no  fault  of  the  holder.*    The  breaking 
out  of  a  war,  blocking  up  «he  i»ual  channels 
of  coromunicatioiss;'  the  prevalence  of  a  ma- 
lignant fever,  that  pais  a  slop  to  all  business," 
and,  in  genera*,  any  such  inevitable  accident  aa 
prevenU  the  giving  of  notice,  and  is  not  trace- 
ab  e  to  the  neglect  of  the  holder,  will  excuse 
delay  so  long  as  Ihe  prevenTing cause  continuet," 
When  il  IS  said  that  the  notice  must  be  sent  as 
early  as  on  the  next  day  after  dishonor,  the  mean- 
ing is,  that  It  must  be  forwarded  on  Ihe  next  bust- 
nesa  day.    If  the  protest  be  made  on  Saturday, 
»o»'f «  »  F«>periy  »«nt  on  Monday,  by  the  Bnt 
mail  that  closes  after  the  commencemenf  of  the 
ordinary  houra  of  businesa.«    So,  if  the  protest 

tVs.f*'J'.y^»3i  «Binj 


N,C.69;  SM  ftW.4i8. 

<?/4'      •■5 

I  Conn.  367; 


Bylc*  BdU,  40  4.  "e-'s  Hlii,  ije; 
Hill,  an :    I  Conn.  367;  19  N.  Y. 
It.  iia       ~ 

Comst 


M»:  sTaant 
Johoa,  t74 


f^ 


p^„^'^^^:y^^n^^.^,^^^^f^-^^^^_.^,;^:^ 


3  Comst.  tTt. 
,  -.330;    k-sWcm). 

?-„    '*  •_'  *\j'*'?'  }S     *a  Smith,  am     HS-a  Johna 
1  B»P.»»isB.ftA.,oi,Bj«,JJBg.L.akK4,^* 


''iimmmmmmmmmmmmmiii: 


BILLS.  BONDS,  ANU  N0TB8. 


h«  mwla  or>  tM  third  dajr  of  Jul*,  the  nolle* 
will  b«  lufticlcnl  ir  Mni  un  the  fihh.  For  (h« 
Mm*  re«*.i«,  If  ih«  third  d«y  of  |{r»c«  be  a 
holiday,  the  demand  of  (wytneni  muM  Iw  upon 
th«  nDKl  preceding  day  of  buiiiicw,  unltM 
th«rt  tM  a  prof  ition  of  ttatut*  to  ih«  con- 
Irary.'  Prnna.  notes  due  on  Saturday  may 
be  paid  the  following  Monday,  A  foreign 
lillt  diihunored  ihuuld  be  prolc»lcd,«  and 
information  of  the  proteat  itnt  with  the  notice  ' 
A  proteat  it.  in  furm,  a  tolcmn  declaraiion, 
written  by  llie  n<.<iry  under  a  fair  copy  of 
Iha  bill,  Hating  ihat  payment  or  acccptanc* 
haa  been  demanded  and  refuted,  the  rcaion. 
if  any,  antgnad.  and  thai  lh«  blP  is,  Iherafora, 
protested. 

Ordinarily  the  bill  it  presented  for  accant- 
ance  in  the  fust  instance  t>v  the  holder,  or  nis 
agent ;  and,  if  refused,  is  then  taken  to  a  no- 
tary, who  is  to  present  it  again  to  the  drawee 
for  acceptance ;  and  if  he  then  refuse,  the  olfi- 
cer  thereupon  makei  a  minute  upon  the  bill. 
con»i«(fng  of  his  initials,  the  month,  the  day 
and  year,  and  the  reason,  if  any  be  assigned, 
for  non-acceptance,  togtther  With  his  charge. 
The  making  of  this  minute  is  usually  eatied 
imA'mV  the  bill,  and  is  only  a  preliminary  step— 
a  memorandum  for  the  um  of  the  notary  when 
k«  comes  afterward  to  draw  up  the  protest  •.  it 
it  unknown  to  the  Iaw.  and  is.  in  itself,  of  no 
legal  effect.*  If  there  be  no  notary  in  or  near 
the  place  where  the  bill  ia  di!«honor«d.  it  may 
be  prnteited  by  any  substantial  person  of  the 
place,  in  presence  of  fwo  or  more  wi'.nesaa*.* 
A  notarial  certificate  of  protest  in  a  foreign 
country  or  State  proves  itself,  and  is  sufficient 
evidence  of  the  dishonor  of  a  foreign  bill.* 
The  custom  of  merchants  reauii'es  that  th«r« 
■hould  be  •  protest  in  case  or  the  non-accept- 
ance of  a  foreign  bill  of  exchanges  and  the 
proper  officer  to  make  thia  protest  la  a  notary 
public'  Drawn  up  is  Ike  uaaal  form,  the  cer- 
tificate of  the  roUry  sbonid  be  au'.>-inUcat<d 
by  bit  teal  ot  office  t  to  executed,  it  ■  icceived 
la  all  court*,  without  any  auxiliary  support,  ■• 
«vidence  of  the  piotest  in  a  foreign  StMe.* 


United  autaa  ef  Aatcrke,  StMe  el- — ,  — 

County.  se« 

(fttr*  c»pf  Ih*  MU  tr  nttt  *md  Mtrmwunt.) 

~  I  It  kbOWB  t 


Tkkt  on  the  day  ef  the  4*te  tMreef,  at  tiM  rtk 
lior 

KIsabo' 
,  .     He  fir  the  -7—.  fcjr  'ewfcl  •*• 


queet  of——,  the 
whleh  a  true  eei 


lider  of  the  ericiiiai  — ^ef 
•  Is  above  written,!,  the  under- 


therltyduly  commlaaloae4aMl*«*ora,ir*eMlaglM 

tile ,  4ur<BgfrfialBe*ahe«»n,fl»r*«*h  poriwaaa, 

did.  «tK.{tM<i^lk*/mtl»tiU*rmmrprt*ttH!mtmt,  He,) 
Whitreupwi.  I.  na  aaM  MMary.  at  tlis  raqneel 
«&>rsaald.  titi.v*  fretaatad.  and  da  ha\rab]r  aal- 
•.^ttly  prataat,  Bfaiaat  aS  pataana  •t\4  avarjr 
ps,rt]'  canearaad  tbcrala.  wbatbar  aa  ntakar. 
drtiwer,  drawee,  or  aseaiptar,  *ayar.  hsdataar, 
cuanwtaa,   aaratir.  ar   atharwiaa  hawaaaver, 

•-I  U.  Sayia^41 ;  Bdw.  Billt,  ranomi  Bills.  «R- 
•  Bay.  ji4;  6Whial.  sjss  1  Rep.  Coast,  c.  100, •  1 
Monr.  91 ;»  N.  H.  sstti  »  Wi*.  173-  *■*  T.  H.  iy ; 
5  Id.  •»:  Ld.  Raym.  m.  yn»  nawm  aisigBsd  for 
r«AMltlMNridb«iB*«<iitd,whcaoa«isgivsa.   frVI^.R. 


agalnat  wham  It  is  proper  ta  prataat.  fcr  all «» 
cnancs.rs-sachanc*,  coaia,  damages  aad  Inti-fii 
acsrusa,  sulfsrsd,  or  to  accrus  or  b«  sulfsrttf  lor 

want  ef lliorsof.    0(  wlitsh  domand  sad  rt- 

fuoal  I  duly  notlAsd  — — . 

»ml  Iim4  mttkf  $0Ul. ) 

l>on«  and  pratasted  at afaraaald,  the  — 

dayor .  N.  r . .  N»tmry  I'^k. 

PrwMwt— Classanrf  Faat. 

[Cuft  «^  Mli»r  mtt*)  mint  tmMr$*m*mtt ,  th  ] 
Uallsd  Itatos  of  America  {St»tt,t»mmt»WKtllh,  m 

Urrittrj,  tu.  i county,  aa. 

On  the day  of ,  A.  O. ,  at  the  r«qu*«l 

of  A.  >. ,  tha  holder  ef  the  original  Mil  af  aschanfi 
(«»  l>ruiiiiM'jry  nut*;,  of  which  the  above  laairu* 
copy,  I,  N.  F.,  a  notary  auliilc  In  and  for  laid 
county  of  — ,  prosentaa  the  same  to  D.  ■.,  th< 
drawer  («r  makar),  theroln  named  («r,  i//»y»lili  at 

«  pmrikuktr  ^Uet,  t»»  si  ,  in  tiiid  »mm,  (.in 

mwnwsclih,  tr  Mrriiory),  aad  demanded  acceptance 
(*r  (laymcBi)  thereof,  which  was  roftesod.*  whirs- 
upaa  1,  the  eald  notary,  at  the  rsaasat  aferssald, 
did  proteat.  and  by  theoa  orescnu  ae  aalamnly  and 
publicly  prataat.  aa  waif  acatnat  tha  draw*ri«f 
mali«r)T*nd  Indoncn)  af  the  said  Mil  («r  noici  u 
agaiaat  all  atbera  wnaot  It  doea  ar  may  ceoctro, 
far  caehange,  re-eaehange,  and  all  saats,  flam- 

XI,  aad  Interest  already  accrued,  and  to  be  h«rt- 
r  Inaurrod  fcr  want  af  acceptancu  {ar  pay ntni) 
of  the  came  1 

Aed  en  tha  aame  day  I  aerved  due  notice  of  the 
proteat  aferaaaid  upon  tha  following  named  psr- 
aona  Isy  dapoelting  such  notle*  in  tna  poot-oMcs 
at  —I  la  said  (Sum,  coauniNiwcalih,  «>'  Mrriinnri, 
in  a  sealed  envelope,  with  the  poetaga  prepaid, 
addresaad  to  aald  peraana,  aa  toliowa  1 

A  natica  for .  directed  to . 

A  natlae  far  — -,  diraetad  ta  — . 
[S—l.)    !n  taatlmony  wheraaf  I  have  hersunie 
eat  my  hand  and  alHard  my  notai lal 
aaal,  the  day  and  year  albrtiaald. 
Pretaatfeaa.— —  dallara.       t(.T.,tr»i»iyPutNc. 

In  common  practice  the  notary  not  only  pro- 
teats  the  note  or  bill  for  non-acceptance  or  non- 
payment, but  abo  tends  or  tervee  upon  the 
drawer  tnd  indonen  due  noiic«  thereof.' 


Ta 


KmUm*   <la«ar»l 

naaa  — 


Mr:  The  Iktll  of  eachaage  (er  pmaiiii 
dated  -— .  drawn  (*r  pads)  by  D.  M..  a 

Mvoe  of)  D.  B.,  fisr dallara,  payable 

dorsad  by  S.  S.  and  R.  R).  haa  thto  day  by 
duly  prataatad  far  naB-^aceptanca  («r 

«M.)  H.P„N0imfy 


noMl 
\*r  Is 

-(to- 


T^"- 


Ta       ,  .  Plaaa         Data  -.■""• 

A  bill  af  ajwhang*  (iw  proadssory  note),  dtawa 

(«r  awdc)  by ■,  In  favor, ef ,  (at doUais, 

dated  the  — —  dayaf — •.Indoraad  by— 7-,  was 

tfaUvgrad  to  me  ibr  proteat  by .  thaMMer,  bs- 

lag  tbia  day  due.  Its  aecaetaace  (w  payaMnii  wsi 
deaaaadad  and  rahiaad.  Vau  will  be  held  fsr  lu 
HMgteat.  N.  P.,  tftlmry  flMu 

Notice  of  the  dlthonor  of  a  bill  need  not 
stale  that  the  holder  looks  to  the  party  notified 
for  the  pynumt.*  Nor  need  it  atatewhothe 
holder  u.*  Notice  that  a  itill  has  been  pro- 
tested fvr  non-payment  ia  tnfRcient  notice  for  t 
demand  and  refusal.*  Whi^  there  it  no  dis- 
pute at  to  the  fikctt,  the  sufficiency  of  the  notice 


-•  133  S  a  Pclsts,  Mo;  ._. 

!4ldrMi5l>aWt4<$^    W-jWcnd. 


Id.ea; 
aisuosr.fee.    w-}Wcii4 
n,  sty.  aad  authoridcs  eilM. 


BWs.  aeo.    v4  Whsat. 
Harr.ftlohBa.JWi  . 

'73i  iJohnB.  311.    x-tl...., ..,.—_-—. — ^ 

jr-K>  Wend.  Ii :  •  Whsat.  jid.    n-j  Conn.  117 ;  1  Un. 
im:  s  Hawks.  '      ""^  -     '      --*».-r ^ 

sgojag.  4H; 
}Md.sst; 


ind.  Ii :  •  Whsat.  jid.  n-j  Conn.  117 ;  1  Lift 
tawks.  }6o:  (Sbcp.360.  •46MaliM,4$.  b- 
4H ;  ••  N.  H.  jstf;  9 Mete.  i74i  1  Doe^  s|«r 
Hi  aid.  ape;  10.409- 


Eul. 
S>4> 


H 


t0«mMIMMto*nwn« 


hmHim 


RMsAi 


«p«r  «•  pn%m,  fcr  ill  •», 

osia,  damagM  aad  inictti 
a  iiLCrua  ar  b«  aulhrttf  (or 
Of  wbtck  4amaB4  and  ct 

I  at  —  afaraaaM,  th«  -^ 
N.  9.,  Ntimrf  t%Hu 

rl  0itHmMrt*m*mti,  tit  I 
'ica  iStmtt,  I  *mm*m9tntlih,  t 

.  I couaiy,  aa. 

— ,  A.  D. ,  at  Iha  r«<|MMl 

<ii*  art(laal  Mil  af  aBChanft 
which  tha  abova  la  ■  trui 
try  aubllc  In  and  for  uid 
lai  tha  aami  to  D.  t. ,  th« 
rain  namad  (*r,  (ftufmih  ai 

u ,  in  Mid  nuM,  com 

and  damandad  aecapianct 
hiah  waa  ralUtad.'  Whtr*. 
f,  at  tha  raaaaal  aforaaald. 
M  praaanta  do  nalaniiily  and 
all  acalnat  tha  drawir  i»r 
tt  tha  aald  Mil  (^r  nott)  at 
Ma  It  doaa  or  may  canccrn, 
aofa,  an4  all  taata,  dam- 
MIy  accruad,  and  to  ha  htri- 
I  of  aeeaptanau  (air  paym«ni) 

y  I  aarvad  dua  noHca  of  tb« 
I  tha  following  ntunad  par- 
eh  notlea  In  tha  poat-aHlM 
coauntrnwaailk,  «<'  Urrltoryl, 
with  tha  voataca  prapald, 
«na,  aa  toliowa  i 
aatadio— — . 
aetadto  — . 

f  wharaof  I  hava  haraunta 
nd  and  alRxcd  my  notarial 
ay  and  jraar  afoniaald. 
ra.       N.  r-.AMary /W«r. 

«  the  notary  not  only  pro- 
or  non-Mxeptancc  or  non- 
endt  or  serret  upon  the 
>  due  noiict  thereof.' 

Plaae  — 


lehaaM  («r  praariwory  noti) 
BNi^SThy  D.  ll..onV  la 
—  doltan.  payahla  —  O*- 
t.).  tide  thia  day  by  Ma  ba«a 
B»<M<apt«nca  (m-  bob' 
n:9.,NHmry~  ' 


i»   a»»eeml  ..._ 

n«ca  — ,  D«M  — . 
(#r  proBluonr  Bota),4rawa 

ivor;of— — ,  fbr 4ellai«, 

'— ^, indoraatf  by— r»waa 

otaatby .theMMar.bt- 

tecaptanca  (iw  payaMm)  wu 
d.    Veu  will  kaheM  for  itt 
N.  P.,AMMy/hi/i< 

bonor  of  %  bill  need  iiot 
lookt  to  the  party  notified 
<or  need  it  itate  who  ihe 
that  a  bill  hat  been  pro- 
mt is  tolKeient  notice  for  t 
*  Whi^  there  ie  no  di*- 
he  tufRcicncy  of  the  notice 

j3j;  ■  Paim,  IMS  Id.  «;  • 

HHl,  ttf.  and  authorities  elMd- 
'•  yd.   a-j  Conn.  S17  s  1  Un. 
'360.    ■•a61iaine,49.   W 
pMatc.  i74i  tl>a«.i«<t 


hap. 

i.4n 


BILLS,  UONlJS,  AND  NOTES. 


*H 


n  J  i|uatllon  of  law  for  the  court  7  Any  form 
of  n<i(ica  lu  an  lnctor««r  1*  tullicii-nt  to  fix  hit 
lubtlity,  If  Ihe  initrument  in  qunllon  wu  In- 
iriuird  to  be  dcacrllied  in  tuch  notice,  and  the 
utriy  wa»  nut  misled  or  deceived  thereby  as  tu 
flir  instrument  Intended.*  It  is  not  necessary 
that  A  copy  of  the  nrutesi  should  si.  company  the 
notice  of  the  disnonor  of  •  foreign  bill,*  but 
Information  of  the  protest  should  be  sent.^ 
When  a  bill  or  note  i«  delivered  to  a  bank  for 
nillcction,  there  is  an  implied  contract  on  the 
l>art  of  the  bank  to  give  notice  in  the  manner 
re<|uired  by  the  usage  and  custom  of  the  busi- 
nest.*  The  agent  to  whom  the  bill  is  indorsed 
for  collection  is  the  holder  for  the  purpose  of 
Itiving  and  receiving  notice,  and  it  is  perfectly 
immaterial  through  how  many  hands  Ihe  notice 
may  have  to  paia,  s«i  it  be  transmitted  with 
reaionable  diligence  by  ench  of  the  successive 
p.irties.*  Notice  of  non-acceptance  by  •  mere 
itranger  is  InsufRcient.  W'.ere  a  bill  is  drawn 
ly  one  of  several  partneur  on  the  firm,  in  reln- 
llon  to  partnership  business,*  or  where  the 
drawers  and  accepton  are  Ihe  samepenons,  no 
notice  of  protest  need  be  given.  For  in  each 
of  these  cases  the  party  to  be  charged  has 
notice  of  the  dishonor  of  Ihe  hill  so  drawn  in 
Ihe  very  act  of  dishonoring  it.'  After  a  bill  of 
exchange  hat  been  dishonored  for  non-accept- 
snce,  it  is  not  necewary  to  present  the  same  fo,- 
pyment.e 

PRB8BNTMBNT  FOR  PAYMENT. 
Although  a  presentment  for  payment  i»  not 
necessary  for  the  purpose  of  perfecting  or  coi.n- 
pleling  the  liability  of  the  acceptor  of  a  bill  or 
the  maker  of  a  note,  it  is  a  condition  precedent 
to  the  liability  of  Ihe  drrwer  and  indorver.  As 
against  the  maker  of  a  promissory  note,  or  the 
scceptor  of  a  bill  of  exchange,  it  is  not  n<ices- 
sary  for  the  holder  to  aver  or  prove  a  demand 
of  payment;,*  suit  is  a  sufficient  demand,  as 
in  other  cases  of  a  precedent  debt  or  duty.^ 
The  drawee  by  accepting  the  bill,  beconnei  the 
principal  debtor,  and  thenceforth  sUnds  in  the 
lame  relation  to  the  holder  a*  doe*  the  maker 
of  a  note.)  The  holder  is  required  to  vterform 
two  distinct  acu  in  order  to  charge  these  paitiet, 
or,  in  other  words,  to  convert  the  conditional 
contract  made  by  them  into  an  absolute  under- 
taking. Hence,  a  waiver  of  non-payment  l^ 
the  indoner  doe*  not,  according  to  the  law 
merchant,  dispense  with  the  demand  itself.^ 
But  a  waiver  oi  protttt,  where  the  terra  is  evi- 
dently used  in  iu  popular  acceptation,  is  a 
waiver  of  both  demand  and  notice.*  In  actions 
T-J"  W««d.  «o;  tj  Id.  «*b;  *5  Id.  tri 

Harb.S.  C.  490-    fH*  Pano.  St.  ,.,.  ., 

Bunch.  «6i:  10  Shepi.  jta:  1  CoBM.  41s :  17  Howard, 

«c«  :_t«_Id.  rty.  is-4  A.  *  E  Itd  :  •  N.  ft  M         "  - 


i  Hill,  S.  C. 
s 
I 


IS  la.  »77:  j  niil,  9.  I 

Urb.S.'C.^^.^p.TJ'VMoTSt.UJ;  U  <?^n"'J3J; 
[^BM.  41s;  irHowar 

.  -  •_—_,- »•  — -■•  —  —  -  -/o;  •  N. «  M.  yn, S.  Ci 

b->T.R.  7i3;s!d.t]a:tLd.  Raym.  093:  •  Ew.cu: 


I 


^hni. 

7: 


¥  *ri  Sk  C.  $  Cowan.  M«.  dl-t  Hill,  4*1  •  10 
L.  Aiq.  tso:  14  M.  k  W.  aji.  eKsi  Jofins 
I  Canrn.  faj  3  Ofay,  im-  C-i  De«lo,  409:  6 
.M- U' A^IT  *;<i  K-»Hffl,s»7:  idEiit.  losi 
*  «•  "lJA-  iM  Johns.  »$»:  17  ld.ia;  8C0WW1, 
•71:   3  Wtnd.  11;    7  BarK.  is*:    >«  WWt.  .71:    « 

SM.  n  Wand.  dap.     k.itiaai*t.ia6.     l-tfwr.ddp. 


upon  bills  of  eich4nge  by  an  indorsee  against 
an  indorser,  Ihe  plaintiff  must  prove  a  demand 
of,  or  due  diligence  to  get  the  money  from  the 
drawte  (or  acce|)ior)(  and  in  actions  upon 
promlMory  notes,  hy  an  indorste  against  an  in- 
dorser, the  plainiiff  must  jwovo  a  demand  of, 
or  due  diligence  to  get  the  mciey  frtwn  Ihe 
maker  of  the  note.'  The  same  rule  applies 
with  c<|uat  force  to  foreign  as  well  as  inland 
bills,"  and  Includes  within  itself  an  exception 
•in  fsvor  of  those  cases  In  which  the  holder  la 
un«.ble  to  make  a  demand  with  Ihe  exercise  €d 
duo  diligence.'  The  drawer  of  a  bill  is  only 
rnponsible  after  a  default  on  Ihe  iwrt  of  Ihe 
acceptor*  When  the  maker  has  aVi«conded|» 
wnen  Ihe  maker  is  a  seaman  on  a  voyage,  hay- 
ir,g  no  domicile  in  the  Stale  ji  when  he  bos  no 
known  place  of  residence  or  place  of  businesa 
at  which  the  note  can  lie  presented  for  pay- 
ment i*  and  when  he  makes  the  note  here  and 
remains  from  the  State,  and  lakes  up  a  perma- 
nent residence  elsewhere,  before  it  becomes 
l>ayable,  the  holder  is  not  bound  to  follow  and 
search  him  out,  for  the  purpose  of  making  the 
usual  demand  of  payment  •  Neither  the  bank- 
ruptcy, insolvency,  nor  death  of  the  acceptor 
of  a  bill,  or  of  Ihe  maker  of  a  promissory  note, 
is  of  itself  sufficient  to  dispense  with  the  ne- 
cessity of  a  regular  demand  of  payment.*  But 
the  insolvency  of  the  maker  or  acceptor  is  often 
an  important  circumitance,  with  other  evidence, 
tending  to  show  a  waiver  of  demand  and 
notice  ;•  just  as  the  absence  or  death  of  the 
maker  or  acceptor  may  be  shown  by  way  of 
dispensini;  with  the  necessity  of  a  formal  or 
personal  demand.*  Presentment  for  payment 
is  not  necessary  In  order  to  charge  a  man  who 
guarantees  the  itjyinent  of  a  bill  or  note." 
Where  the  house  of  Ihe  maker  or  acceptor  is 
closed,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  holder  to  make 
diligent  inouiry  for  him.  Want  of  demand  is 
excused  when  the  drawee  cannot  be  found.* 
The  holder  should  inquire  for  the  acceptor  fat 
the  neighborhood  in  order  to  excuse  present- 
ment.' If  the  drawee  bie  dead,  presentment 
must  be  made  to  his  personal  representatives  j 
and  If  he  have  none,  then  at  his  house.*  The 
death  of  a  maker  of  a  note  and  the  insolvency 
of  his  estate,  do  not  dispense  with  the  necessity 
of  demand  and  notice  in  order  to  charge  an  in- 
dorser.* If  the  holder'tlie,  presen«ment  should 
be  made  by  h!«  personal  representatives.  In- 
evitable nccidcnt,  superior  force,  or  a  contagious 
disease  that  prevaib  so  as  to  interrupt  allbusP 

■B-tStrM|p.    »-*RurT.6«».    •-*  Johns.  Cas.  75.    »• 
Orwnl.  S* 


^mJoKbs, 


let.  aoo;    j  Ohio 


'•  ♦O,  74*  i  4  Mato.  53 :   1  Watts,  ft  g.  isBs 

l.Stt    ««"%>'i»'4„'7N.  H.  •»!   3 

4  Mas*.  Mj   4  S.  ft  R.  4«o.    «.«  Wtol. 

»••  "4.-  4.M'Cord.  J03 ;  a  WatU  ft  S.  401 : 


41 ;  3  Dsnlo.  tji 
Id.  137 ;    t  Mars...  . 
Not!  ft  M'Cord.  438 


14;  4  M'Cord.  jo: 


i-3  M'Cordj  394:  I  S.  ft  R.  334:  i( 


..ura,  394;   1  a. ^^ 

»J5;    1  M'Cord,  339:   3  Id- 195.    - 

--^.-^fij^n  MslBB.  sto;  i^tr.  H.  4*1:  ad 

M«.  S71;  SN.  Hj37«;  3BilS,ioo;  6B.  ftC.  373;  11 

£♦;  i  »  «'  ''*  ■  '  -'"i"V^-  »•    »•'  M'Cord,  339. 
W-S  H.  ft  O.  5M ;    13  M.  •  W.  «3 ;   t  K«s.  m.    So 

(Miss.)s94.    ■-CMlty,337.     a-t  A&y,  4^ ;   M  S.  ft 


wrtiWMWi 


mm 


! 


iM 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOUS. 


I- 


I 


■«•,  will  tcoiw  a  doUy  to  prmant  for  paymmt 
M  lo«g  M  th«  pr«v«ntinK  caum  >'ontinu«a> 

'  M'     K  or.     Ttir     cnuind  may  tm  OMula 

apon  tl>«  aitkar  ur  •(.xc;/  >r  (lerwHuilly,  bat 
.  tiMl  i"  m»d«  at  •  reuoMi  tlir>'  and  plac*. 
A  (•laad  in  (t><  •*'  - '  <*  nui  iuHivicut,  unlaw 
)«,_  }Mtty  on  whom  i  i»  ni«(l«?  dcclinM  wholly 
J  pay,  ur  offer*  tomelhing  which  b  not  a  pay 
BMiit,  and  (Itiaa  not  'iliiact  lo  tha  pla<  t  on  iha 
Kruui.d  that  ha  It  not  chara  rcxly  lo  (My*  Tl>«, 
fmumption  always  la,  thai  thr  makar  or  »cc«|>- 
tor  ii  |;iF}Mrc(l  l<)  pay  at  hli  rcMdano*  or  pla<\ 
*(  buainicM.*  And  u  tha  notary  maat*  him  m 
Iha  alreal  and  praacnta  iha  hill  for  payment, 
•ndhao'V  *  hia  placa  of  buainaat,  or 

■I  frie  «  Mu«.v«,  M  lOlar/  i  bminl  to  glva 
ktm  an  opportunity  to  do  lo.*  So,  whani  iha 
draweaa  of  a  Ull  of  cjtchanga  alwant  lh«nwelvca 
from  their  place  of  bualneM  and  mak«  tut  pro- 
vlaiun  for  its  payment,  a  prcientment  ihcre  to  a 
clerk  or  book  keeper  i*  a  «ufficicnt  prencnlme<<( 
lo  charge  the  druwer  and  indorten.'  The  Mil 
or  note  should  be  actually  preaenled  for  loy- 
rornt.  It  «hould  l>^  pro<lucca,*  for  the  a(  i<  > 
ha>  a  right  to  tea  U'-  bill  before  he  deteririit>> 
whether  he  will  pay  tt  or  not,  and  if  ha  pays  u 
h«  hat  a  right  to  have  U  delivered  to  him  aa  a 
voucher  in  hit  tattlemeni  with  tha  draw«r> 
And  for  the  tame  reoton  the  maker  of  ^  (iru- 
■iiaory  note  it  entitled  to  have  it  turrcndered 
an  payiiir">i.  A  demand  made  by  a  [wnon 
who  hat  I  <  (he  bill  or  note  in  hit  potacuion  is 
intwflielant.'  So^  a  requeti  by  letter  ^r<t>  \ 
Um  poat-oSceJ  A  notary  or  agent  foi  a  :: 
tion  cannot  lafely  surreoder  the  n<rfe  <jr  draft 
on  Nceiving  a  *  keck  lor  the  amouii'  ■,  taad  If  he 
don  to,  ih>'tild  ascertain  promptly  <»  her  the 
check  will  <?  h.  jiored,  *><  that  in  c>u<:  it  U  not 
b«  may,  nevefthele»«.  proi<  >t  the  iota  or  dr.tft 
for  noD-payment,  and  give  »i{ular  lotiot  of  it* 
dishonor  to  the  parties  tv  '^mgeA  th«ret>- 
Rt .  riving  a  check  on  a  bank  n^  paynMM  of  .» 
drali  ur  note  would  not  extingutUt  ih«  Utter  m 
th«  al>^«n  of  any  in.f.iuton  to  i,'vve  the  maker 
or  accept  a  further  credit,'  tnit  the  surrender 
of  tha  n  or  bUi  wou  I  embarrasa  tht  !  older 
In  his  R  .cwpt  to  reiovt.  the  instrumen!  and  a 
dcl>  to  protaat  the  same  for  non-^jayment 
on  t.>«  day  it  became  payable  would  ditcharge 
Um  drawer  and  indorten." 

Ti    »:  or.    For  th   ■  urpose  of  charging 

tb«  drawti  .'.id  indontr,  buU  aitd  noiea  thonld 
b«  pre'  jnted  and  ji'\vment  thneof  '<:manded 
on  the  very  da  hey  bacoirt  payi^i«,  and  that 
jt  render*  ..jeas-'vby  'he  tenns  o(  t  in- 
Mr  snta*'  '*lilw  J  by  '  .e  law  or  cuno  f 
td'       -ntt  •  tin  e  can  tieithc"  he  hattt  led 

nw  vff  'ngie  dsjr.*  To  <.  ii«uim  with 
gix      cf  ne  whm  a  till  or     >t«  bMOmes 

pay  .  r-,  eeewary  to  atcei         the  Icj^  I 

primiiries  upo    which  tim«  It  c>'        •^.    On 

ll-i  Johns.  Cm  1 1  Story  Btlls,  ^  vA,  30,,  ■  Weod 
4U;  ttCona.  ill):  iR,  I  4<».  «  t .  Pmn  i>i. 4^.  tf- 
llAla.(N.  S.)<^.  w-u  Pcnit  St.  456;  9Wh«at.  J  3 
Martin  N  8.  jii  4ld  <B«i  tS.C.rf?.  I  Pick  4U  « 
iSAI.<  (N.S.)4>.  olad.n}.  ■■4M»».S*.  lt-7B«rb. 
141.  I  4  Howard,  tte.  J-aWhjirt.  116  ;  o  Whmt.  jjS. 
KmJuIuw.>9«,  }Id.MTsW«ad.49o:  sMd.4«}!  34 


checks,  nolM,  and  drafta  payable  on  d<va*«, 
ordinarily  no  i{uesti<»n  can  arise  i  th«y  ai<.  pay. 
able  •>(>  demand  tirictty  according  to  the  («i»  - 
of  the  instrumcii>  "  Hut  when  a  bank  check  1. 
post  dated  on  a  Si  lay,  of  a  note  ur  uther  run 
tract  not  entitled  i<  lays  of  grrca  fslls  due  on 
Sunday,  that  day  1*  .  .eluded  flam  the  calcuU 
tion  and  ciNtii'  fcd  aa  stricken  from  lli<  tsl 
«ndar  ;*  ai  '  tt)«  party  IxMind  must  make  hit 
iwymant  <>  erform  nia  eiigttyrm<?iii  on  ih« 
Saturday  pcecedw  |{.  The  period  f  a  tear  u 
a  dcl<  >  minate  spiuce  of  time,  con  tislmg  of  thrre 
hundred  and  six'y.ftve  dav* )  thn addswl  day  of 
bistf  ittle  t>r  ietp  year  an<l  the  day  immediately 
preceding  being  counted  fogether  aa  un«  <Uv. 
The  word  ••  month  "  meana  «  calendar  nonifi, 
unlesa  other wi«e  tx\>'  ued.'  In  computing  the 
time  when  biilt  aiiM  notet  payable  a  certain 
number  of  dayr.  montht,  01  yeara  after  dale, 
liccome  due,  ln«  lule  la  to  exclude  the  day  <>( 
the  datr  (rum  the  calculalloti,  and  include  the 
day  of  payment,  aasitming  that  no  days  of  gracr 
arr  allowed  ;*  and  it  tiitled  to  duyt  ol'  gra<'t, 
tlieiii  tre  to  be  added  .  'ach  ase  to  thr  tim« 
the  note  was  lo  run.*  bu,  when  a  bill  t«  <t  -awk 
payable  ten  day  >  aArr  tight,  the  doy  m  wnlch 
It  M  accepted  is  «!xcli>  '.  d  from  the  cr  ntstion, 
and,  adding  the  usual  1ay«  '  *  gra^  lyment 
I  hereof  may  Im  demanded  he  thiiieenth  da* 
a/l*r  the  acce|>i  ttice."  Wheie  a  note  is  payable 
a  certain  num'  t  of  days  from  the  day  of  the 
date,  the  day  c.>  the  dale  it  to  be  excluded 
frum  the  compi.  -loo.*  And  when  a  bill  it 
drawn  payable  »  Uiany  iiu>ntba  after  date  or 
tight,  the  compntait  or<  U  xnatir  ^v  \V  aiendar, 
and,  without  coun«i     the  djt  ice,  the 

biP       '  become  due  M. ,  the  ds  monik 

CO.  .,,    nding  with  the  '''»r  oJ    .  ' 

ccptance;  thatis,if  the'        'datei  >i 

01'  ;h«  tenth  of  the  t  wl'    >r.«tttt.    or 

l)ccome  due  on  thr         n.     rbUt       d«te< 
accepted   on  the   >.       of  Feb  |Miy. 

two  months  thereafter,  ii     >U  bet.  m    o 

the   loth   of  April,  or   on  ••«   ij 

whom  a  bin   IS 


nh 


day*  of  grace.' 
I  .>yable  one  m< 
U     't  carried  i        ? 
at      latedonth     ,  if 
abl<    me  monti'  .m  rr 


'  »te,  tb*"  ■    mp"  istiu, 

ihird  m  Thus, 

>r3tst  o(  January,  pay- 

lie,  expires  on  the  laal 


SOS    W-TtJIU  *n    Johw. 
-  «   "^  '*  —Wei 


s 


day  of  February,  w     thei  it  hat  Iwenly-et^lit  or 

twenty-nine  days  in  .t.     So,  if  dated  on  the 

th,  joih,  or  jitt  day  of  Auguat,  and  pnytLblc 

months  after  dAie,  m  will  fall  due  on  the  last 

I       ebniary,  and     (ludioK  the  days  of  grace, 

^e        of  M      h,»    The  computation  of 

:>i        tt   notet   '      in  pavaMe  one  or  mora 

n        M  from  date,  it  maae      cording  to  the 

arirtn  caSridar,  that  U   to    ly,  from  the 

I  the  moi><n  it  bcAta  date     >  the  corre- 

^.v.iing  day  of  the  month  <rf     '  m»t     ' 

H  111,483;  7  Barb.  14       a.t-i 


Barb  3«3;  i  ^.^r!      tj.    » 

Selrf     -..IBsrU  ,y6;  11  — .     _, , -    , 

7*  f  'let  I}.  p-3»W«n(l.o;j;9B  S C. 409  :  »  wemJ. 
n>S:  aConn.flf;  toOMa,43ie;  iM«(.4)f;  lO.CrsetK, 
Sjai       e|-»  Conn  so  w-nil.  •oj.      r-W.     •■<'' 

lUyin  tto,  6  !  >>  iiiuy  Bilk,  jya.  i«  Vt 
119.     M-tUiM.  tj,  atass.  94:  s  Vt.>W.    «■• 

R«b.  {l»  I  ISO. 


'^miHMHHtMKt 


•As  pty^tM  on  d*V4m(, 

cuiftm«i  th«y  «!>  |iay 
ily  •cconling  to  the  in 
till  wh«n  •  n«nk  ch«<  k 
kjr,  uf  «  note  or  ulhtr  run 
«y«  (i(  gnc«  fnilt  liut  cm 
i<lud«(l  fitxn  the  olciiU 
a  *trick«u  friNu  tli«  i«l 
f  ItuKIMl   oxwt  make  hit 

bi«  •ngn^MBCnt  oo  ih« 
'IIm  period  /  •  voir  u 
r  lime,  cuii  •intinil  t»^  thrf« 
!  day*  i  th«  add«d  day  »f 
ana  th«  day  immedlalcljr 
t«d  (»g«th*r  a*  on«  day. 
MMM  *  calendar  noniS, 
mm4.'    In  compuiing  the 

noiei  !>ayabl«  a  cartain 
tha,  ui  y«*n  after  dair, 
la  (t>  excluda  tha  day  uf 
culatidii,  and  Include  the 
ling  that  no  day*  of  gracr 

nitled  t<,>  duyi  o(  gra<'i, 
••ch    "aa*  to  (hr  tim< 

Su.  when  •  bill  h  fi  '«wn 

»lgh:,  the  doy  m  which 

,  d  frum  I  K«  cii     mutation, 

lay*  "f  grai-       tymcm 

d«(i  '      he  (hitteenth  day 

Whci  e  •  note  li  payable 
lays  froin  the  day  «^  the 

data  la  to  be  excluded 
I.*  And  when  a  bill  it 
tay  niontha  after  date  oi 

la  iuimI''  *^v  i»i     .Jendar, 
the  d.. 
>. .  the  da 
t«  '<'*y  ut 
t  ^'      t  date, 

I.       it  win 


BiLU.  BONOH.  AND  NOTU. 


ICC,  the 
month 


ire  or 


a  of  Mr  pay 

,  it  T-'fll  Wi^  ♦»»     n 

M-  on  t\im   1,5 

when  a  bill 
Ir     '«»e,  t!i         'iji    atu 
;h     third  m  Thia, 

h  or  3i«  ol  Jmiuiary,  pay- 
(latft,  eapirci  on  the  latrf 
her  fi  kai  lwcniy>cight  or 
.t.  So,  if  dated  on  the 
f  of  August,  and  payable 
i<  will  fall  due  on  the  lau 
a.Jinf  the  day*  of  grace, 
.»  "i '!«  computation  of 
n  pavaile  one  wr  more 

maae  -ordiag  to  the 
that  U  to  <w,  from  the 
b^arj  date    •>  the  cune- 

month  of     <  m»i 


HiU,  483 :  7  Barti.  i*      ix-j 

t    V.aoj    ••yfJiUan    lohM- 

l.6f}:9fi  4 C. 409  ;  So  WemJ. 

,  'i       M««.  4»;  lO.  Gf«r'Wi 

■1^  »os.     r-W.     •-'•! 

<iiiy  BiUi,  M».     t«  vt 

94i  »Viu>W.    W* 


tt7 


withaal  any  tftairrtM  to  long  or  short  montha. 
K.ir  Inatance.  «  nore  drawn  on  th#  j«ih.  a^th, 


% 


bill  I. 
on  thi 
paymr 

si  tie  ai 
nd 


V 


•-  irn.  ^-^ 

5;       *..   .  ,*|5.       I 

K.i|Di<K«at.  iM 


»•»"      JViaJehna. 

i  Id     I     jf.i  Ld. 

1.    aHtCewM.*!*. 

%f.t»i  tMHM, 

-^3  ;^dwrwna. 

»  Conn. 

.  i       .■«h.  «••, 

ft  W.  ins.   |>» 


loik.ur  tilt  of  January,  and  due  a  m.inih  (rum 
•lata,  will  lie  due  on  the  ailh  of  fahruary.  if 
iht  year  U  nut  MM«»ille,  tmauae  the  mfMlh 
<.f  February  hai  n..  ..iher  correaoonding  day. 

IhoM  drawn  on  the  iHth  or  »i^  *>  of  Kabruary, 
•nd  due  one  munth  fr<jm  dale.  Ill  lie  due  on 
the  a«th  or  i9<h  of  March.  Iie-.auae  the  eorre- 

rmding  day*  are  found  in  the  month  of  March, 
iiill  di»wn  on  the  jiM  of  March,  and  due 
»ie  month  from  date,  will  be  due  on  the  j«h 
ft  April  J  and.  on  the  other  hand,  one  drawn 
an  the  wth  of  April  will  be  payable  on  the 
wh  of  May,  and  not  en  the  iiat.  Thit  mode 
tacilitaie*  greatli  the  oacertalning  of  the  dw 
of  proteal.  andthec.mipuUli«no7lnl*re«  ■■ 
i»  eilremely  •Irople.*  There  ia  amMher  e'e- 
iiMcnt  to  be  Ukcn  Into  account  in  the  compuU- 
iKiti  of  tloM  when  bilU  or  notea  become  due, 
linown  aa  dayi  »f  x"><*^  '"  computing  the 
>te  whf^n  a  note  or  bill  become*  due,  tha  day* 
oi  grace  -  added  therein,  Ju«t  the  tame  a*  If 
they  fori  «rt  of  the  bill  or  note  it»elf.«     To 

every  p,,      cal  purpoae,  therefore,  the  day*  of 
grace  are  a  part  of  the  instrument  itself.     And 
lie  negotiability  of  a  note  la  aa  perfect  and  un- 
roiricted  during  Ihoae  day*  aa  before  their  com- 
mencement,* and  no  action  can  be  brought  upon 
the  inurameni  until  the  third  uay  haa  ex|>ired.* 
Alt  bill*  of  exchange  are  entitled  to  Ihraa 
«y*  of  grace  in  time  of  payment. 
Whenever  the  third  day  of  graca  (all*  upon 
Sunday,  the   »th  day  of  luly,  tSa  ajih  day  of 
December,  th«  isi  day  or  January,  or  upon  any 
day  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United 
SUtes  or  the  governor  of  thia  State  for  a  pub. 
lie  fast  or  thanksgiving,  tha  n«xt  pre<»dlng 
bnsineaa  day  shall  ba  deemed  the  lart  day  of 
grace.* 

A*  a  general  rule,  notes  that  ara  not  negoti- 
able are  not  endtlad  to  dan  of  ftsce.*  This 
class  of  notes  comprahends  aucm  aa  era  not 
drawn  in  negotiable  tarms.*  Such  aa  are  pay- 
able in  apeclfic  articles,' and  such  as  neither 
the  statute  law  nor  any  recognised  or  estab- 
liihed  !  utttom  hat  rendered  n^otiable.  If  en- 
titled to  days  of  grace  by  custom,  and  not  by 
virtn*  f f  statute  law,  the  cutton  muat  be  nroved 
affin  ely.s 
1  Ver  of  a  note  and  tha  acceptor  o.  a 

>'  to  the  laual  hours  of  fwsiness, 
i  day  of  grace,  in  which  to  make 
id  whert  a  aota  ia  not  drawn  pay 
fi<   liar  piaet,  or  at  a  bank,  tha  da- 
pav       '  may  i>a  made  at  any  time 
re  the  I  iirj  of  rest.     For  the  pur- 

iweeofprnae  .  acta  or^bi)       r  paynenl, 

theppoj^^     *«  H,j..    ;  busiiMH  ran^     tvough  tha 

i  I  .t  U  %aTmJ,  iil.i    »  14 
503:   1  Cowm,  S|a :  4  Mas 

•-8C.        »^.    b-)Wand 
W  45,      «. 

4-11.. 


whole  day.  down  to  had  time  In  tha  evening.* 
In  other  coniracta  the  party  haa  until  ih*  last 
instant  of  the  day  to  malic  laaynioni  1  and  ne- 
billable  pa(<er  ia  nu  exception  to  ih«  gen  il 
rule,'  Panie*  i»  a  .He  or  Nil  may,  if  «« 
choose,  draw  the  n  rumenl  without  grace* 
and  if  the  Intention  n  i*ar  on  the  face  of  the 
bill  not  to  allow  any  tlay*  of  grace,  il  will  be- 
ccHne  due  ana  payable  like  any  other  contract. 
But  a  note  yahl*  .n  a  particular  day,  with- 
out defalcai  ,0,1*.  'jlle.  to  thr  usual  day*  of 
grace  f  and  when  dav«  grace  are  allowed, 
the  indoner  haa  a  right  .,  insist  upon  them  to 
the  *ame  axienl  aa  the  maker.'  A*  the  drawer 
of  a  bill,  for  manv  |>urpoae*,  itands  in  the  attJ. 
Ittde  of  a  fint  Indorser,  he  also  haa  a  right  to 
claim  the  uaual  day*  of  grac*  In  order  to 
charge  him,  the  preacntment  for  payment  muM 
be  made  on  the  third  <lav  of  grace.' 

Whom  av.     UilU  and  notes  should  ba 

pre*enle<l  for  payment  by  the  holder,  or  by  his 
auihoriied  agent,  and  a  person  to  whom  a  note 
i)r  bill   is  indorsed  for  colled!  jn  I*  to  be  re- 
gartled  as  a  holder  for  the  purpose  of  making  a 
demand  snd  giving  notice.     But  an  authority 
to  demand  payment  need  not  be  In  writing,* 
and  need  not  be  given  in  expreae  terms."     If 
the  notary  or  sgcnt  have      «•  pa|>er  in  hi*  pos- 
session, ready  to  be  dell         I   up,  his  right  to 
demand  and  receive  payment  *ill  be  implied.* 
A  mere  stranger  cannot  charge  the  parties  \ry 
giving  them  notice  of  dishonor,*  l>ut  a  paHy  in 
poaaeaairm  of  the  paper,  though  it  comes  into 
his  hands  by  accident,  at  by  death  of  an  agent, 
may  and  ought  to  present  it  for  payment,  and 
give  the  usual  notice  of  refusal.*    And  when  s 
negotiable  note  or  bill  cornea  into  the  hands  of 
any  j>erson  undf  r  a  blank  Indorsement,  fnma 
/m€U  he  is  the  holder  and  entitled  to  demand 
and  recover  the  amount  due  thereon.*    So  when 
the  instrument  is  drawn  payable  to  bearer.' 
Where  the  holder  die*  before  the  note  or  bill 
become*  due.  It  should  be  presented  for  pay- 
ment by  hi*  legal  represenialives.* 

Whuk  and  to  whou.     The  demand 

of  payment  is  not  a  mere  form  j  it  it  an  act 
neceaaary  to  ba  performed  by  the  holder  in 
order  to  chaiga  the  drawer  anci  indomers;  and 
accordingly,  in  an  action  against  either  of  these 
fiaitiae  the  plaintiff  must  allege  a  presentment 
V  '^  ■  maker  or  accoptolr  for  payment.*  But  it 
rieccHsary  for  him  to  prove,  in  suppoH  of 
/ennent,  that  the  paper  waa  presented  to 
till,  maker  or  acceptor  penonally.*  Present- 
ment to  hit  bookkeeper,  while  he  It  afaeeni,  is 
•ufRcient.*  It  Is  sufficient  if  shown  to  have 
been  preaantcd  at  his  house  or  place  of  buti- 
nesa.*  A  note  drawn  or  bill  accepted  without 
tpeciiying  the  place  of      vment  should  be  pre- 


k-i<Mc.4i 


La.41f. ,..  ..—.-..... 

I  PleS:  ^oi      aa-ld. !   17  Maw.  9s  i 
*tj.     N-*  Harrison,  j|y:   9  Mnu.  4t 

Id.  «j  II  PJok.  4ot  I  li  JohM.  t»      • 

J  Wend.  i».     is^lity  »H».  «55. 

r-M  Pick.  I»«.    B-Byiss  n  h,  1  va.     %. ,       i,h.  107  •  » 

Wand.  s«o!  a  Show.^loi  » ■•"  "         " 


liBiaeirr.ii.  n-ilJohiH.sso: 

-,.   yij  ^.   ,  ,j 

»  .  .  '  4*1 !   f  Id.  4M :   I* 

loii  itJohM.  t»      •'  "<ni  4Cr«s„' 
|»-Chll«y  »Hs,  MS,.  Cowan,  174. 


iM 


is  lad,  sai. 
i  IS  N.  T. 


*ow.ilo!  ylaat   *ii.    n-5  Esp.    «j 
W-iD*nie,i4li   aHUI,«)s:  *  Sb»» 


vn- 


] 


BiLU.  mttm.  AND  Harm 


Muted  fur  (Mfmtnl  to  tlia  n<  »kM  or  M<!«|iior  •! 
Ma  r««ttl«iic«  ur  piac«  uf  WiIii«m.'  If  mtilt 
|My*hU  •!  •  pUc«  named,  It  la  aaaantlat  tn 
■iiuw.  In  an  action  axatnti  a  lirawar  or  Induraar, 

•  praaaittmcni  «i  tha  |)Uii>  ai^intad.r     A  not* 
IIMula  |M*abl«  at  A  itartKuUr  (lanli  (or  a  pitr 
lUular  pUi  •'  *  i»  tufflciani  y  damandtd  tf  l«A 
tlwra  for  ci     ■'cilon  »n  thr  lay  it  tMcumaa  da«.* 
Tha  Inatrumcnt  balng  mmin  payable  at  a  »|>acl 
(WmI  place,  it  la  Immiilerial  where  the  ntakaf  or 
Mceplar  reatdea  |  and  It  i*  tafAclent  it  the  pre 
Mnimant  b«  made  ^t  ihe  place  wt  n^mad  or 
othererla*  «t[r««d   upon  twtween  )*•     partlen  ' 
Mut  if  •  note  nr  \h,\  la  drawn  t>ayabl>  »i  a  iMnk. 
and  be  not  left  i>r  prttcnted  thare  for  payment 
at  lia  maturity,  me  drawc  and  indurter  Are 
firim»  fmit  diachirned '      The  note  »r  bill 
being  In  the  b«nli  ready  to  \m  aunandereil  m|>ih) 
pavmeni  dU|ien«e«  with  the  n«c«»«liy  of  makina 

•  fitrmat  demand.*  If  a  note  be  nude  or  a  bill 
ba  accepted  by  aevcral  peraoiii  who  are  ii'>t 
partncni,  a  demand  nf  (layment  muM  be  mad« 
on  eitch,  a«  In  other  canea,  pervonAJIy  or  at  hit 
dwelling-hoiiae  or  place  ot  butlncu.*  11  one 
of  them  diM  before  the  day  of  iviyment  ar- 
rive*, the  dcmaitd  n»a»t  a  made  upon  hl« 
iMal  r«prea«ntative«.'    Hut  where  a  Hrm  accept* 

•  bill,  and  one  of  the  partr««n  dim  before  it  be- 
come<idue,  the  preaeniment  for  |i«ymri>t  nhould 
ba  made  to  the  lurvlvor,  on  whom,  in  the  fint 
inattnct,  tiie  liabiHiy  of  the  firm  davalvei.i 

NoM-PAYMr  NT.  The  contr  »ct  of  the  drawer 
oC  a  bill    f  ex.  I    nge  and  ind.>r»er,  whether  of 

•  negotiable  note,  bill,  or  cheek .  io  conditional ; 
iknd  one  of  (he  condition*  u|><-.'i  which  It  de- 
pends it  i/h     -totitt  »f  Hem  afitplaiu:*  »r  moH 

*«ym*Ht.^  If  the  bolder  fall  lo  give  Ihe  notice 
of  dlthonor  required  by  law,  the  general  ruir 
it  th<at  the  drawer  and  indorter*  are  dltcharge!. 
from  their  reapeclive  liabllitie*.*  |{  the  bilTbc 
presented  in  tn«  firtt  place  by  the  holder,  and 
payment  refuted,  it  thould  thert  ipon  be  placed 
In  Ihe  handi  of  a  notaryti  whiMc  duty  it  it  to 
preaent  it  again  to  the  drawee  and  demand 
pajrment ;  and  in  caae  he  again  refu<e*  to  pay, 
the  notary  make*  a  minute  o(  the  refutal,  oi  the 
reatan  aMigned  therefor,  ai|d  of  the  time,  add- 
ing hi*  initial*.  Worn  thii  minute  he  afterward 
drawt  u(>  the  prulttt,  which  it  a  formal  decla- 
ration ot  presentment  and  refusal  to  pay,  in  the 
oaual  form,  stating  the  facta  according  to  hta 
minute.*  A.  protest  on  a  foreign  bill  h  a  (Mrt  of 
the  ctiatom,  and  it  taid  to  be  incident  to  thr 
iXMntitutitm  of  the  bill.'    It  should  be  made  b) 

■•rti  La.  4tfi ;  14  Jabm.  114 ;  1  Com*t.  ui.  jr-} 
Danio,  3*9:  10  IoIih*.  %\ .  it  Id.  jij  :  j  Id  m  ;  I 
BuiB. aMi   iMftO.  ioit:  s  Id.  uo:  ild.  ;  .  t  Moore 


I  Com*t.  U1. 

1. 140':  \U'.: 
■7  Wand,  ife 

, ,.,.    j-.o  N.  H.  * 

>_Ms.  41 1  II  Wheat.  171 :  *  Petari,  543; 


&  Scott,  itr    B-nMa**.  sjl.   •■7  Wand,  ife:  17  John*. 
'    11  M«.«7;  •  Stark.47S.    k-<o  N.  H.  ati.  14  T 
10 Ms.  411  II  Wh«i.  171 :  *  Paton.  %t\:  «He 


(4t;  i«  M«.«7;  1  Stark.  47s.    ^<o  N.  H.  ja«,i4  ta. 

]7)  ;  id  Ms.  41 1  II  Wh«i.  1*1 :  *  Patsrs,  543 ;  (How. 

if,  laMasa.  tyt.  «»-il  Pick.  Oj.  4l-jDenln,ti);  •PcMrs, 

6  Mate,  ssa ;   1  Onanl.  147 :  9  Portar,  iM.     M 

r-S  Hid,  sm:  I  Conn  j<7.    ar-s  HiU.tji. 


tK^. 


I*t.jp4..    r-S  Hia,  SI4:  I  Coon   j«7.    B-i 
ll-i  Coaut.  41],  and  ease*  citad.      I-*  T.  R.  71')! 


*•    4<}. 
Wand 


Id.  *»:  3  Wand  BA;  17  Id.  94  :  4  Hill.  i«i.  J-A'iM~- 
tary  puMi«  i»  sn  utWcar  knuwn  to  iha  Uw  of  naiiom,  and 
recognlaid  by  the  law  mcn.bani,  and  whoa*  ccrtltlcala, 
undtr  saal  or  olHca,  It  avidenc*  of  protasi  in  a  feraift 
State  without  aavaualliary  '  >Ppart,andU*orao*i*adla 
al  cowls,  accordiog  to  the       t«e  and  cualoai  of  utKt- 


a  n  lary  pubitc,  or,  if  lll«r«  ba  no  tticb  iMilary  irt 
or  n<»i>  Ihe  place  whera  tha  ImU  I*  payabU,  liy 
anv  inhaMtant  In  Ihe  pr««cni.f  oi  two  witnet***  • 
Hill*  uf  earhange  drawn  in  >ne  country  on  an 
other,  or  In  cm«  State  on  arvMher,  are  b>ralgn 
bill*.*  The  ^laiaa  of  tha  Union  are  nut  (or*iun 
to  each  other  in  the  tMklsa  ean*«  aa  are  »e|Nirji<- 
and  lnde|i«nd*iii  •.atlona,  but  thay  are  so  far 
fi>reign  In  each  uVa<:i  that  the  omvanienca  of 
ira<te  and  commerce  rofuire*  draft*  drawn  In 
one  Stale  on  annher  to  ba  considcnrd  a»  fur 
eign  bill*,  Ho  far  a*  the  relation*  of  butinrna 
are  concerned,  no  diatinction  can  tte  rr.iii>ii- 
ably  mad*  between  bill*  drawn  in  Englaml 
on  France,  or  li>  France  on  Hpain,  and  bill- 
drawn  in  Ohio  on  New  York,  ot  in  Iowa  mi 
(.ouiittana,* 

The  demand  of  payment  from  the  maker  <  1 
ilrawec  on  the  last  day  of  grace,  and  notico  nl 
nun  tMiyment  thereof  to  the  drawer  or  indortrr, 
within  a  reaaonalile  time  therrafl*r,  is  due  dill 
gcace  concerning  thff  same,  unleu  the  in<lor*(> 
mrnt  shall  ''«|irets  other  condition*.  And  »uch 
demand  ■  *  payment  and  |)rotest  must  be  madr 
|jy  Ihe  >vi4&ry  in  person;  he  cannot  dcleuate 
his  ofScsa!  sathof  it}-.»  The  protest  shuulu  Ise 
made  at  of  ibe  day  .n  which  (he  Mil  or  note 
become*  payablr — 1h.1t  ia,  on  the  third  or  latt 
day  of  grace  1  ihouah  it  need  not  Iw  drawn  up 
am)  completed  in  form  until  afterward.s  It 
should  bear  the  date  or  show  (hat  the  protest 
was  made  on  that  day  '  With  tjKceptions  here- 
inafter mentioned,  notice  mutt  be  given  of  the 
nonpayment  of  every  foreign  and  inland  bill, 
priimlwiofy  note,  and  check,  in  order  to  charge 
the  drawer  and  indorsera  under  ihe  law  roer- 
chant.  Ko  precise  fom>ula  of  words  it  neces- 
sary to  ba  used  in  giving  the  n(i<lce ;  it  is  suffi- 
cient if  the  la!)f(uage  used  istuch  rs  in  ex|)rta* 
terms,  or  by  necessary  Imi  juallon,  convey*  tM- 
tice  to  the  dhtwer  or  indortcrt  of  the  identity 
of  the  note  or  bill,  and  that  in  payment,  upon 
due  presentment,  h«s  been  neg'ected  or  refuted 
by  the  malter  or  ;epior  •  And  it  it  immate- 
rial whethci  (he  ^  ,uce  i>(  verbal  or  in  writing.* 
An  immaterial  variance  between  (he  description 
contained  in  the  notice  and  the  bill  or  note  re- 
ferred to  will  not  vitiate  it.  To  render  the 
variance  fatal  it  must  be  such  that,  under  the 
circumttances  t>f  the  case,  thr  notice  convert 
no  sufficient  knowledge  to  (he  indorter*  of  l>he 
identity  of  the  particular  nota  or  bill  which 
has  bean  dishtmtmd.*    Notice  of  xat  dishonor 


chanta.    i]  Waad. 
41*     aBBy(S.  C 
A  pretest  b, 


jay;   y  PoMer  (Ala.)  5*9:  1  Urav. 
:.]}«»:    tMonr.  91.    h<:h!ity  BiHs, 

t;  A  pretest  Is,  la  TnnB,  a  solenindtclaratioii,  written 
V  -.hs  notary  under  a  fliir  oovi  of  the  bill,  tlalinf  that 
peymaal  or  aeoaptanca  has  l>**n  daniandad  and  rtflMtid, 
tha  raasoa.  If  any.aaalcnad,  and  that  tha  btU  la  iherafer* 
priit*s**d.  Bylaa  Bill*,  *o*.  l-«  Ld.  Rayai.  mj :  Ckiuy 
Bitii,  4JS.  lia-<  Monr.  gi ;  j  Wand.  171.  M-«  B.  Men, 
4o:  aid  «oo:  jHlll.sj:  4Ga  loi  «ii  Doi«.(Mich.) 
4;;<:   7Hunph.  (Tann.)S4t.     |»-j  Dutr.  46*  :   Ctiltty 

ifift.,4j8iTfiin.H.j9.  «-iW,jd.45«,  aU.jiir 

*o7;  4j  J-Manli.u*:  a  Hill,  fly  r  4  T.  R  lyo. 
a-i  Conut.  41}:  4  Kit  C.  sjo ;  »  John.  Ca*.  jjt;  0 
Wend,  fjo;  9  Pttsrs,  vi ;  n  Wheat.  411:  ajWand. 
&>p.  iiConn.itli  loSbai!  joa.  (..4  Weml.  5M;  I 
Mo.  }]6 :  t  C.  C  ?.  js*-  «->  Ciitt.  417 .  }  -Said.  iM|»; 
}  Boav.  4S<. 


MDidm 


tn  fat  »o  tucli  miltry  m 

lh«  Mil  M  p«««bU,  hy 
•«nc«r  irf  two  wHMMm  • 
I  ill    >nt  cuunlrjr  on  tii 
Ml   UntAhtf,  ara  foreign 

•  L'nuiH  mt9  tu*  fiifdijii 
i«  MDM  M  art  M|Nir4ip 
ni,  hut  <h«y  arc  mi  dt 
lal  ih*  cunv*nl«tic«  nf 
M|ulrTC  draft*  tirawn  in 
>  Im  contidcrfd  •»  fur 
\*  rf  Ulloni  (W  bualiina 
nciuin  can  t>«  rr,iMiii- 
lU  drawn  in  Rnglaml 
:«  on  H(saln,  and  liilli 
r  York,  ut  In  iowa  mi 

i«nl  from  the  maker  .1 
i)f  grace,  and  nuilie  nf 
(he  drawer  or  lndiii<ri, 
e  |hereafl«nr,  U  due  ilili 
ime,  unlei^  tha  tndiii-w-. 
r  condlllont.  And  nut  h 
i  |>ruteal  muil  be  madr 
n  ;  he  cannot  delegiie 
liie  prolesi  ihoul  J  be 
which  (he  bill  or  note 
ia,  on  the  third  or  latt 
t  need  not  lie  drawn  up 
n  until  afterward.4  It 
r  khow  that  the  prolent 
With  vaccptions  here- 
;e  mual  be  given  of  (he 
orcign  and  inland  bill, 
leck,  in  order  to  charge 
!ni  under  ihe  law  mer- 
nula  of  word*  it  nccen- 
g  the  notice  i  it  U  tuffi- 
cd  is  luch  rs  in  exprea* 
m\  iicalion,  cnnveyt  n<)- 
idonera  n(  the  iacntity 
that  ila  payment,  upon 
«n  neglected  or  refuted 
>r  *  And  it  in  immate- 
'it  verbal  or  in  writing.* 
between  the  dcK'tption 
and  Ihe  Mil  or  note  re- 
ite  It.  To  render  the 
«  «ach  that,  under  the 
M,  the  notice  convcyi 
to  the  indoHMra  of  the 
ar  note  or  bill  which 
Notice  of  tiff  dlihonor 

Porter  (  \\t.)  )«o :  1  Brer. 
Monr.  yi  •I'Cliiily  BUh, 
tolemndtclaratioii,  wrilica 
avf  of  tl<e  bill,  sMtlni  that 
Men  <i*iii*iMic<l  and  rantiHl, 
ind  that  Iha  bill  i*  dwrrfbra 

iWnid.  173.  ii-4  B.  Moa. 
;■  loi     •-■  Dout-  (Mich.) 

W«»d.  4S«:    tLllt.  )M, 


'"Aiii,«: 


»  Johm.  C 


T.  H 


tjo. 


II  Wheal.  411 
J  101.  4-4  w. 
>  Cn—t.  417 .  3  !3«ld, 


%WJf. 


IILU,  BUNDil,  AND  NOTMl 


ftf  •  MR  «r  MM  bf  Mon  psyment  "  >>npiiaa 
ihal  llM  ImMW  RMMti  to  l<i«t«l  <in  the  liat>llily 
of  the  ptrMM  iMlMed,  am'  d<i««  nut  Intend  lu 
give  ciMil  to  the  acceptor  or  malicr,  and  i* 
vniYenally  undeniood  to  be  «<|Uivaient  lu  a 
demand  of  iiaymeni  "     If  ihl4  i«  not  Ihe  Ian 
guaga  of  the  iranvaaiun,  why  U   the  mitice 
given  t '     Tha  notice  ailvertiae^  to  the  lndiir««r 
that  the  hoiiler'liMiiit  10  liim  fur  payment*    lie 
can  undantand  Ihe  nutlia  in  uu  other  way,  for 
II  neceviarily  impliaa  Ihal  Iha  |«Hv  giving  it 
iiilend4  lu  ln«lal  upon  hi*  right  of'^recourte.* 
The  nniica  need  not  «lale  who  i*  owner  of  Ihe 
note  or  lull,  ur  at  whuaa  re<|uc*t  it  I*  given,' 
iiiir  the  dny  when   the  note  waa  prote«(ed   for 
nun  payment,  or  the  place  where  it  wna  |Ayable. 
For  a  pnilevt  i«  a  declarntimi  in  wrllli2g,  made 
hy  a  ptibllc  ofHcer,  tuuler  hit  oath  of  offijc,  IImi 
the  lilll  or  mile  lu  which  It  relate*  wan,  on  the 
<Uy  It  became  due,  duly  (iretenied  for  (laymant, 
ind  that   payment  wat  refuted)  and  a  nutice 
1)1  tttch  a  |.r«ilaiit  It  ii»l  merely  a  notice  that  thin 
declaraii  in  wna  made,  but  that  the  facta  t<i  de- 
clared had  really  occurred.*     Tha  important 
thing  it  for  him  to  know  In  due  lime  ihat  Ibe 
|ia|>er  haa  been  <U*honored,  that  he  may  take 
prompt    mraaurct    for    hit  own   tecurity.*     It 
U  not   ncceitary   that   •  cniiy   of  ihe   pruteii 
thould  accomnniiy  notica  ot   the  dithonor  uf 
a  foreign  bill.*     It  ia  lufficient  lo  inform  the 
drawer  or   indoraer   that   Iha   bill   haa   been 
pririeatcd  for  nonpayment*     Bui  the  protett 
mutt  be  produced  on  tha  trial,*  for  that  it  the 
indltpentablu  evidence  that  the  bill  haa  baen 
liithonored. 

A  notarial  protatt  it  evidence  of  a  demand 
and  refutal  to  pay  a  bond,  promittory  note,  or 
bill  of  exchange,  at  the  time  and  in  the  manner 
ttated  in  aiich  protett,  until  tha  contrary  it 
ibown. 

When  the  rcaidence  of  the  partiea  it  known 
to  tha  notary,  it  it  hit  duty  to  give  w  tend  the 
noticce  to  tuch  t>aniea  aa  are  intended  to  be 
made  liable.  When  the  rutidence  of  tuch  par 
lie*  it  in  the  tame  city  or  town  in  which  the 
jirotett  it  made,  and  Iho  reaidence  of  tuch  party 
it  known  to  the  notary,  there  fviuld  be  a  no- 
tice in  penon  delivered  by  the  iioUiy,  or  left  at 
the  dwelliftg  or  butineia  houae  of  ihe  |iarty 
toughl  to  be  charf^d  on  tha  day  of  the  dit- 
honor of  the  papei  or  before  the  expiration  of 
the  butincta  houn  of  the  tuccectling  day. 
Where  the  rctidence  of  the  partiet  sought  to 
be  made  liable  it  unknown  lo  the  notary,  it  it 
hit  .^uty  to  forward  the  noticet  to  the  holder 
of  ihf  papier  by  the  firtt  mail  after  the  proletl, 
or  nn  the  day  tucceeding  it.* 

Wliert  *Se  party  entitled  to  notice  resides  in 
on*,  plfti      traiuactt  biuinest  in  another,  and 


»•>  Corui.   51a, 
(N.  a.)Q.  B.  •84,- 
Mi;  »  P«tei«, 


W-«  O.  B.  4» 


"•'J^l-    ■••«•«  W.  J7»j    I7M«.  j6o.    jr. 
>«  M«   ij;    I  Plek.  401.    Tha  aottoa  doo  noi  uauaUv 


8.  C 


H   L.   I. 

m-«  Hill. 


r  the  holder,  i  Sand,  uo :  it  Barb.  iM, 
"  Barb.  « 
1:  .5M.*' 
M.  IT*.     e-Id.  11;   Wend.  317; 
4Matoo.33*:  >I>e*«.(lllsk.)4sii  BII48S. 


5iAC«  th«  ntm<        _ 
•-i  SaiKl  jjo.  S.  C^ 

Cam.  }u.    i».<iiMa.^jai 
E    170:  4  N.  kM 
Maat.  I 


■s  aaiMl  jjo.  ».  C. J  s S«ld.  rja.  i» 
K«m.  JM.    it.41  Ma..)ta  i  15  M.  *  W.  aji 
•70:  »N.  ftii  jinT!  •■U.AS-,  Wand 


M.S.C. 
b-4A.* 
10 


reetfvaa  letter*  ia  each,  ami  im||>,  '       |#  kt 
given  by  mail  from  •  third  plMt«  U  aMf  ht 
dlircietl  ruh*r  to  hit  place  of  raaitttiMf  W 
liuilnvM.'     Ilul  Ihe  htitder  It  Imuiid  l»  mImI 
Ihal  iu>Hle  -A  lervice  which  It  ihe  moti  certain 
lo   liring  Ihe    notice   home   lo   iha   Indnriert 
Wheru  iha  retliUnce  of  ihe  drawer  or  Imloiter 
It  known,  and  tha  notice  may  Iw  iraiKniliiad  liy 
mall,  Ihe  tervke  It  compleicd  by  Im  lowing  the 
notice  in  a  lelier  or  envelope  and  dciMMiiing 
the  tame  In  the  piat-ofHce,  |>r>i()erly  aildraiMfl 
aid  |ir«|Mid.*     Where  the  law  permlit  (ar>lc« 
liy  mail,  the  Indorter  uhea  the  ritk  of  mltcat 
rUife  dnd  of  all  accidentt  which  nuy  pivvent 
tha  due  iritnMtilatiua  and  dalivery  of  the  notice.t 
If  there  b«  no  ni»i|,  and  no  direct  and  regular 
ciHiMuiDiicetion,  lK«  notice  thould  be  tent  by 
the  tafc»t  and  moat  expcditiout  conveyancei 
In  any  caa«,  Ihe  holder  it  at  liberty  to  tend  the 
iKiiica  by  a  private  ciinveyanc#  <f  he  chootet  to 
do  to.*     Where  Ihe  tarvlce  of  notice  It  inada 
by  mail,  the  holder  mutt  take  care  ihal  Ihe  lel< 
t<>r  i«  acvuraiely  directed  i    If  a  delay  occur* 
through  hit  neglect  in  ihit  particular,  it  will 
diicharge  lh«  party  entitled  to  mrtite.     If  tht 
drawer  ot  indorter  dcti^nate  the  place  where 
Ihe  notice  it  lo  be  Mnl,  bv  writing  il  under 
hit  name,  the    notice  thouid  be  tent  lo    lb« 
place  tpecified.'     When  the  holder  doet  not 
Know  and  cannot,  un  ditigcnl  inquiry,  Mcertain 
the  drawer  or  indorter't  retldenca  or  place  ot 
batiiieoa,  rrattinable  and  due  diligence  it  tan* 
tamount  to  actual  nollte."     If  a  notary  inquira 
of  paraont  who,  from  their  connection  with  th« 
Iranaaction,  are  likely  lo  know  the  retldenca 
of  Ihe  indorter,  And  are  not  intereit'  >)  to  mia 
lead  Ihe  notary,  and  he  acta  on  the  iniormalion 
thut  obtained,  it  it  due  diligence  on  hit  part.* 
The  loaa  of  a  bill  U  no  escuaa  for  the  abtenca 
of  proteat.* 

-  Notice  or  Stavict,  bv  whom.  No- 
tice Irum  a  mere  tiranger  it  not  luliicient  lo 
charge  the  drawer  or  indorter.*  The  notica 
required  by  law  it  tomething  more  than  a  mcra 
knowledge  of  dithonor,  communicated  to  tha 
drawer  or  indorter ;  it  ia  an  act  to  be  |>erformed 
by  the  holder  or  hi*  agent,  or  by  tome  perton 
who  it  a  party  to  tha  bill  or  note,  or  who  would 
on  the  tame  being  returned  to  him,  and  after 
paving  it,  lie  entitled  lo  call  for  payment  or  re- 
imiiurtemeni.4  It  la  tufficient  when  it  come* 
from  Iha  holder,  lo  charge  all  the  parties.  Be- 
caute  ha  haa  a  right  to  look  to  them  all  for 
payment,  provideil  he  give*  to  the  drawer  antl 
indor*ert  reasonable  notice  of  hit  intention  to 
do  *o.  And  a  notice  from  the  holder  to  all  tha 
|.Artie*  inures  to  tha  benefil  of  each  party  who 
stand*  behind  him  on  tha  paper  t  thut,  if  the 

tl-io  Matt.    1:    IS  Wfiitd.   ()•      0-9  Biiih.  |8a.    t^ 
Wend  lit;  jScld.  4li.     »  jKcrnan   J49.     k-i  pMert, 

J 78;  3  K«rn«n,  555;  \  Etp.  j«:  »  H.  Bl.  V19:  «  Eaur- 
,n:  ■  Smith,  loi.  l-l»  Ptlim,  s7>,  tnd  caiat  clMdj 
S  Johm.  )7j ;  1  Pick.  401 :  (  W.  A  S  14.  J-«  East.  1. 
io:Sioryailt,MtM.\iil7.  k-Hdi  N.  P.t.  4i«i  il 
Mt  tar.  l-io  Pnlen,  jto;  1  Sand.  9j:  i)  HarV  i}C 
iM-ra  Patart,  97*.  **■«  Sand  17! :  ptr  Oaaav.  C.  J. 
•■Piilh,  14$.  pji  Wand.  17}:  it  Pick.  406:  1  T.  R 
ifl».    4|-BayleyBnt,7,|ii  iBand.  4i<i  isM4.  tfa. 


I  ■( 


wm 


170 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


holder  giyn  due  notice  to  the  (irtt  and  Mcond 
indoner  of  •  promissory  note,  the  second  is 
entitled  to  recover  thereon  agftinst  the  first  in- 
dorser  on  ihowing  that  such  notice  of  dishonor 
WM  duly  given.'  If  the  holder  gives  notice  to 
his  immediate  indorser,  and  he  to  his  indorser, 
and  the  notice  is  in  this  manner  carried  back  to 
the  drawer  of  a  bill,  the  holder  is  entitled  to 
bring  an  action  thereon  against  either  of  the 
parties  that  have  been  duly  notified.*  A  party  to 
whom  a  note  or  bill  is  Indorsed  for  collection 
may  give  the  notice  with  the  same  effect  as  if  the 
indorsement  had  been  made  for  value.*  Even 
where  the  paper  is  not  in  form  indorsed  to  the 
bank.*  Possession  of  a  bill  or  note  by  a  notary 
is  evidence  of  a  right  to  protest  it ;  and  when  a 
notic>^  signed  by  a  notary  public  is  duly  given 
it  is  p,  esumed  to  be  done  by  the  authority  of  the 
holder.*  An  indorser  who  has  been  discharged 
by  the  kches  of  the  holder  or  subsequent  par- 
ties canriot  afterward  take  up  the  note  or  bill 
and  give  notice  so  as  to  charge  prior  parties, 
becaure  all  of  them  are  discharged  by  the  same 
want  jf  diligence.*  A  notice  viven  by  a  party 
in  p<  4wession  of  the  bill,  as  banKer,  attorney,  or 
agent,  is  sufficient,  though  given  in  his  own 
name.'  Where  the  holder  is  not  satisfied  with 
the  responsibility  of  his  immediate  indorser,  his 
only  safe  course  is  to  give  notice  to  all  *be  parties.' 

Notice  of  Sxrvicb,  upon  whom. 

Gtneralfy.  It  is  necessary  to  give  notice  of 
non-payment  to  the  drawer  and  indor.:?rs  of 
notes  and  bills  in  order  to  cbati^e  them.  .V 
person  who  indorses  an  absolute  guai-anty  on 
the  back  of  a  .negotiable  promissory  note  is  not 
entitled  to  notice  of  dishonor,'  and  one  who 
transfers  a  b'U  without  indorsement  is  not,  by 
the  law  mei  -:hant,  entitled  to  notice ;  as  where 
a  draft  is  delivered  by  a  debtor  to  bis  creditor 
on  account  of  the  indebtedness.*  When  a 
note  is  made  payable  to  the  order  of  two  or 
more  persons  who  are  not  parttven,  and  in- 
dorsed by  them,  the  notice  of  dishonor  must 
be  given  to  each ;  and  if  one  of  them  die  before 
the  note  falls  due,  the  holder  must  be  careful 
to  Charge  the  estate  of  the  deceased  indoiver,  or 
else  he  will  not  be  entitled  to  recover  thereon 
cgainst  the  other.'>  In  case  of  a  partnenhip, 
notice  to  one  is  notice  to  all.*  If  the  indorser 
be  dead  at  the  maturity  of  the  note,  and  there 
be  executors  or  administrators  at  that  time 
Known  to  the  holder,  notice  must  be  given  to 
them.  If  he  does  not  know  that  the  deceased 
hail  le<^  a  will,  or  whether  any  administrator! 
have  yet  been  appointed  or  not,  it  is  sufficient 
to  address  the  notice  to  the  executor  or  admin- 
istrator of  the  deceased,  or  to  the  indoner.* 


t  Taunt.  t44.  t-s 
M>iM(s 
451.    «- 


SMS  John.  317.   SM  Qunp.  373 :  t  Taunt. 
HiU.tdjisIdTMi.    si-*iN.V:4t).    v-iT 

She|>.)rfo:  itjoho*.  t3o.    w-4  Bam.  ft  Aid.  ^ _ 

3A.ftE.^3:  }M.  ft  W.  IU9:  6  Shq>t«r.  fia.  jr- 
Bajrley  Bolii,  7, }  >■  •-19  Wend,  aoa ;  t*  M.  ■14,  and 
casts  eitad.  For  a  cuanniy  is  an  uncAiMttional  under^ 
takiiw  that  tb*  note  or  bin  shall  te  paid,  aojcdina.  jfi%  i  s 
Waod.  307 ;  t  Coast,  ns-  Tha  guaMnior  stand* la  th* 
Iteht  oTa  sinaty ,  and  auy  be  difcUMml  by  the  neiiiieae* 
of  th*  bdder,  is  PiBlen,  497.  is-i  Wcad.  aig ;  a  B.  ft  C. 
>.  k-5Hin,*^;iCoBn.3£7.  Notice  to  oneofiavnal 
lot  dnwen  wbo  are  not  ^^artacrs  is  not  noder  to  ine 


Notice  addressed  to  the  legal  representative  of 
the  deceased  indorser  to  the  place  of  his  last 
residence,  is  good,*  the  holder  not  knowing 
the  name  of  the  representative.'  Where  a  note 
or  bill  is  indorsea  bv  a  firm,  and  one  of  the 
members  dies  before  it  falls  due,  it  is  sufficient 
to  give  notice  of  dishonor  to  the  surviving  part- 
ner. For  the  survivor  r'^presents  the  firm,  and 
is  legally  i.nswerable  as  such  Tor  its  delris.* 
Though  a  partnership  has  been  dissolved  by 
mutual  consent,  notice  to  one  of  the  members, 
given  before  the  fact  of  dissolution  has  been 
made  public,  is  notice  to  all.^  For  the  part- 
nership still  sulwists  for  the  purpose  of  winding 
up  the  business  and  closing  the  cor.:ern,  and 
each  may  be  understood  to  act  as  the  agent  of 
the  rest  until  notice  of  dissolution  has  been  made 
public.  As  a  general  rule,  failure  to  giv;  the 
drawer  or  indorser  due  notice  of  non-payment 
discharges  him.  The  presuinpiion  of  law  is 
that  he  is  iryured  by  the  want  of  notice.'  That 
the  drawr/  is  deprived  of  the  opp<jrtunity  which 
he  oughi  to  have  had  to  withdraw  immediately 
his  eflir.cts  from  the  hands  of  the  drawee,i  and 
that  (he  indorser  is  prevented  firom  taking 
pro'tipt  measures  to  obtain  and  enforce  payment 
of  the  note  or  bill.^  And  this  presumption  is 
<<o  strong  ai  A  uniform  an  to  exclude  proof  that 
the  drawer  .las  not  been  injured,  in  all  cases 
except  those  in  which  the  evidence  is  ofTered  to 
bring  the  case  within  one  of  the  recognized 
exceptions  to  the  general  rule.' 

ExcepHeMt.  An  agreement  .made  by  the 
drawer  or  indorser,  before  dishonor,  waiving 
notice  of  non-payment,  or  waiving  the  protest 
of  a  bill  or  note,  will  render  him  liaUd  thereon 
just  the  same  as  if  due  notice  had  been  given." 
And  any  conduct  on  the  part  of  the  drawer  or 
indorser  calculated  to  or  actually  inducing  the 
holder  to  omit  serving  him  with  notice  irill 
have  the  same  effect.*  Any  words  by  an  in- 
dorser, waiving  demand  and  notice  before  dis- 
honor, will  render  a  formal  demand  and  notice 
unnecessary.*  A  stipulation  by  t'le  indoner  of 
a  note  to  waive  notice  of  dish,  or  dispenses 
with  the  necessity  of  giving  him  notice,  but 
does  not  dispense  with  the  demand  itself;  the 
two  ads  are  perfectly  disdnct,  and  each  is  a 
condition  precedent  to  thk  holder's  right  of  le- 
covery.'  But  where  the  indoner  of  a  note  t%t 
ouests  the  holders  not  to  protest  it,  and  waiving 
the  neccMity  of  protest  thereto,  this  is  a  waiver 
of  both  demand  and  notice;  for  the  term  pr*^ 
iiett,  when  used  among  men  of  hnsineas,  in- 
cludes all  those  acts  which  are  by  law  necessary 
to  change  an  indorser.*    A  waiver  of  demand 


othen.TObloSt.  t8i.    C-i  Ohio  St.  tSi 

-   -M,479.    «i.4  How.  (IMU..)  1.4;  .^^         „ 

«-3  H  umi^.  SI*.  rSea  is  Gmt 

"  ftMa  ■ 


;  4CoweB,t*A; 
4S.ftlUnih. 


kS.I 


;^:1^»"A 


4  S.  ft  M,  479. 
74i> ;  a  Humph.  11*. 
Vtn,  sot.  (-9  Humpb.  SI ;  4  s 
J39 ;  I  Johns.  On-  40} ;  «  Id.  174: 
Uwi»,684;  <Coweii,44i:  Bytes  .'Jib,  «:  39 :  19  Ala. 
V  S.)7I7.  l-Chlt9Bitls.435;  aB.&P.  elo.  J-17 
r«nd.  94.  fc-a  JoEm.  Ch.  4««.  l-S^Esp.  irt;  17 
Wciid.44.    M-lCoan;.  iM;  aoHov.M^    ■•4CilSKa, 

It. ;;.. 


(N  S.)7I7.     I-Chlttv Bids,  435;  a  B. 

Wend.  M-     h-a JoBm.  Ch.  4i*-     1 

Wend.  <M.    M-l  Coan;.  iM ;  ao  How.  _  ,  ,  _ 

aSs;  I  Johiw.  On.  99 J  <  »«  («3 Afk.>4o»:  «$ Wei 

104;  13 Barb.  16},   •-39  BiiA.  aiii  17  Waad.  Oil 

rt;  I  Const.  t»;  O"^ "" 


.  II  iiMMMIfiHiWitMM«*liH 


liMWI 


legal  repretenutlve  of 
)  the  pUc«  of  his  last 
holder  not  knowing 
tative/  Where  a  note 
firm,  and  one  of  the 
tll»  due,  it  U  sufficient 
r  to  the  surviving  part- 
ipretents  Ihe  firm,  and 
t  such  Yor  its  deV.s.a 
lU  been  diaiolved  by 
I  one  of  the  membeiii, 
didsotution  ba*  been 
3  all>  For  the  part- 
tie  purpose  of  windine 
aing  the  concern,  and 
to  act  as  the  agent  of 
solution  haa  been  made 
le,  failure  to  giv?  the 
lotice  of  non-payment 
resumption  of  law  is 
vant  of  notice.'  That 
the  opportunity  which 
nfithdraw  immediately 
\»  of  the  drawee,il  and 
evented  from  taking 
I  and  enforce  payment 
d  this  presumption  is 
to  exclude  proof  that 
I  injured,  in  all  cases 
!  evidence  is  ofTfired  to 
ne  of  the  recognised 
rale.' 

iement  .made  by  the 
ite  dishonor,  wuving 
X  waiving  the  protest 
ler  him  liable  tnereon 
)tice  had  been  given.* 
part  of  the  drawer  or 
actually  inducing  tbo 
him  with  notice  will 
Iny  words  by  an  in- 
ind  notice  before  dis- 
lal  demand  and  notice 
ion  by  t!ie  indoner  of 
of  dish<  .or  dispenses 
ving  him  notice,  but 
he  demand  itwlf ;  the 
bdnct,  and  each  is  a 
%  holder's  right  <^  re- 
inderser  of  a  note  rf  r 
protest  it,  and  waiving 
lereof,  this  is  a  waiver 
ice;  for  the  term  yr»- 
men  of  baaineai,  in- 
h  are  by  Uw  necenary 
A  waiver  of  deaiand 


liloSt.tti;  4Cowca,tiA: 
IIm,)ii4:  4S.ftH>nih. 
aiplt.  jjh.  f-.Sa«  15  Cnit> 
-n^Knh.  749;  SHIB, 


S. 


Janli.  «$;  s  HIB, 
JJ4;.tW€»d.i4«.    ' 


yh»  .'Jlh,  M' 9p :  i»Ala. 
js;  »  B.  a  P.  «*..*•»» 
4i».  1-3  Ksp.  >|^,-  l» 
toHcm.Mfi,  ■^Ciavk 
.  (11  Arii.)4os ;  isWtad. 
I.  tli;  tj  Waad.  4*»i  •• 
i  Mais.  s*4.  4M  Jmi^t 
IT- 


>m 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


171 


or  notice  made  by  a  drawee  or  indonter  Is  not  a 
new  contract — it  is  only  a  waiver  of  one  of  the 
conditions  precedent  lo  his  liability,  and  does 
not,  therefore,  require  any  consideration  to 
support  it.'  A  verbal  or  written  communica- 
tion to  the  holder,  dis|>en!iing  with  the  necessity 
of  demand  and  notice,  will  be  sutBcient.' 
Where  the  indorser  writus  a  waiver  of  demand 
and  notice  over  his  signature  on  the  ncte,  his 
contract  becomes  absolute ;  he  is  bound  to  pay 
the  note  as  unconditionally  as  if  he  had  signed 
it  as  maker.*  It  puts  him  in  the  same  situ- 
ation as  if  the  demand  had  been  made  and 
notice  of  dishonor  given  in  due  time."  A 
waiver  of  notice,  made  before  dishonor,  cannot 
lie  proved  under  an  allegation  of  due  notice; 
the  complaint  must  state  facts  constituting  the 
cause  of  action  on  which  the  plaintiff  seeks  to 
recover.* 

If  the  indorser  has  taken  full  and  ample  se- 
curity against  the  liability  incurred  by  him,  he 
is  not  entitled  to  notice,  becauiie  he  cannot  be 
prejudiced  by  want  of  notice;*  partial  or 
doubtful  security  falls  short  of  this,  and  leaves 
the  reason  of  the  rule  for  requiring  notice  in 
full  force.« 

When  a  bill  is  accepted  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  the  diawer,  notice  is  unnecessary ;  for 
it  is  obvious  that  the  drawer  cannot  be  injured 
I)y  the  want  of  notice  of  non-payment,  or  that 
he  can  suffer  any  legal  damage  in  consequence 
of  not  receiving  noJice.'  So,  when  a  note  is 
made  for  the  accommodation  of  an  indorser 
who  is  ultimately  holden  to  pay  it;  for  it  it 
slear  that  he  can  lose  nothing  from  the  failure 
to  receive  the  usual  notice  of  dishonor.*  But 
an  accommodation  drawer  or  indorser  is  entitled 
to  strict  notice.*  As  to  all  the  other  parties  to 
the  Instrument,  hsa  rights  and  duties  are  the 
same  a*  in  the  case  of  business  paper.* 

A  drawer  is  not  entitled  to  notice  where  he 
has  no  funds  or  effects  in  the  hands  of  the 
drawee,*  but  to  this  exception  there  are  impor- 
tant modifications.  If  the  drawer  has  made  ot 
is  making  consignments  to  the  drawee,  and 
draws  before  the  consignment  c*>mes  to  hand  j* 
or  if  the  goods  aie  t'm  /ransffu,  but  the  bill  of 
lading  is  omitted  to  be  sent  to  the  consignee, 
or  the  goods  are  lost;*  r-r,  if  the  drawer  has 
any  funds  or  property  in  'le  hands  of  the 
drawee,  or  there  is  a  fluctuating  balance  Ije- 
twcen  them  in  the  course  of  their  transactions;' 
or  if  there  is  a  running  account  between  the 
drawer  and  drawee,  and  the  latter  has  been  in 
the  habit  of  accepting  the  bills  of  the  divwer 
without  regard  to  the  state  of  their  accounts;! 
er,  if  the  drawer  has  a  rer.M>nable  expectation 


i<t,  mad  CM<i  cited,    w-i  &p 
Maw.  i|o:  IS  East,  na ;  1  S.  ft 


9W;  7  Wend,  i6j;  5 
»l-334i  34  Mc.  _«j; 


"7,"    f"*    *  «»•«..»»;  I  is.  n  K,  334;  34  MC.  «7; 

^i-  ^^S•  '^   X^aJCenuui.  <s-   jr-9  »-  &  C.  44.  «. 
«  Paicrs  CaaA.  64:  r^p^.  trfl joVe.  74.    n^Vm- 


*^.  3y;.  toCm>.  3<*:  OS  Eb«.  d.  L.  494.    k"?  Pk*. 

'  "  3-  *  *Vk*°"L'*  *^-  ;•••   •■'  T^-  R.  4«»!  I 
.  3S7:  *  AU.  |98;  ji  rick.  J37.    tf-u  East,  m^ 


that  the  bill  will  be  paid,  he  Is  entitled  to 
notice  of  dishonor.*  If  the  drawer  of  a  bill 
h4s  no  funds  or  aiueU  in  the  hands  of  the 
drawees,  or  expecution  of  funds,  or  any  ar- 
rangement or  agreement  with  them  to  accept 
the  bill,  he  cannot  ordinarily  suffer  any  injury 
for  the  want  of  notice,  and  he  is  not  entitled 
to  it.> 

The  indorser's  right  to  notice  is  not  at  all 
affected  by  the  drawer's  want  of  funds  or 
efTecU  in  the  hands  of  the  drawee  ;J  unless  the 
act  of  drawing  be  fraudulent  and  the  indoner 
implicated  in  the  fraud.* 

Ignorance  of  a  prty's  residence  will  excuse 
delay  in  giving  him  notice,  when  the  time  is 
consumed  in  the  use  of  diligence  to  acquire 
the  necessary  information.  It  would  be  very 
hard,  when  the  holder  of  i  bill  does  not  know 
where  the  indonter  is  to  be  found,  if  he  lost  hit 
remedy  by  not  communioating  immediate  notice 
of  dishonor  of  the  bill.  The  holder  must  not 
allow  himself  to  remain  in  ^  state  of  poasive 
and  contented  ignorance ;  but  if  he  uses  reason- 
able diligence  to  discover  the  residence  of  the 
indorser,  notice  given  as  soon  as  this  is  discov- 
ered ia  due  notice  of  the  dishonor  of  the  bill, 
within  tJie  usage  and  custom  of  merchants ;'  for 
exercise  of  reasonable  and  due  diligence  ia 
equivalent  to  actual  notice,"    The  holder  cr 

indorser  who  acts  upon  credible  information 

infor:>ation  on  which  he  has  a  right  to  rely,  in 
giving  notice  of  dishonor,  retains  his  right  of 
recourse  notwithstanding  he  may  have  been 
misled  in  regard  to  the  residence  of  the  party 
to  be  charged.  Delay  in  giving  notice  may 
also  be  excused,  because  the  day  on  which  the 
holder  should  have  given  notice  is  a  public 
festival,  on  which  he  is  strictly  forbidden  by 
his  religion  to  attend  to  any  secular  affain.* 
"The  law  merchant  respects  the  religion  of 
different  people.  For  this  reason  we  are  not 
obliged  to  give  notice  of  the  dishonor  of  a  bill 
on  our  Sunday,"  or  a  Jew  on  a  day  during 
which  his  religion  does  not  permit  him  to  attend 
to  any  sort  of  business.* 

Generally,  the  indorser  of  a  note  not  negoti- 
able is  not  entitled  t"  the  usual  privilege  of  an 
indorser  of  negotiate  paper;  he  stands  as 
principal  and  not  as  surety  to  his  indorser,  and 
has  no  right  to  insist  upon  a  previous  demand 
of  the  maker  and  notice  of  non-payment.o 

Where  the  drawer  or  indorser  has  been  dis- 
charged by  the  Jachcs  of  the  holder,  and  that 
fact  appears,  there  must  be,  in  order  to  render 
him  liable,  clear  proof  that  the  promise  was 
made  with  a  full  knowledge  of  all  the  facts 

••ifi  E»»t.  41 ;  3  Camp.  B17.    r-«.s  Eaii.  »t6,  nt ;  ,  W. 
.^59-    »••»  »««.  «75     li-4  M.  &  S.  236 :  a  Crmp   S03  ■ 
■II  Hu— *■    '"^ —  ■■  -       "  •■   ^ 


*3J''  •  **L"'ll''   3  I<l-.5«>'    Ante  ttrvKt  0/ tutkt. 
a  Sand.  178 :  Id.  I7«,  and  caM«  cited :  3  Conut. 


,-.  ..      ., „.,...„.  3  Conut.  27a;  4 

How.  MS.    ■-«  Camp.  &«;  ChU.yBi4  454.  W-Sify 


"".  »i>a;  jMiBj.  n.\^.  349;  a  aeon, , 
S.C;  iiOhJo,  loa;  jCtarike 


»^ 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTEi 


•ad  ciTCttmstancet.4  A  promise  to  pay  under 
a  OHMfipPtbcMion  of  fac(  is  no  waiver  of  the 
conf  nuaaca  iif  laches ;'  nor  is  a  promise  made 
in  igtMtance  of  a  malerml  fart  a  waiver;  as 
where  tdhe  drawer  or  indorser  promises  to  pay 
withoKt  knowledge  thmt  no  notice  has  been 
sent.*  If  it  be  shoivn  that  the  holder  has  l>een 
guilty  of  lach<M,  it  must  also  appear  that  the 
promiae  was  made  with  a  full  knowledge  of 
them,  or  it  will  not  bind  the  party  making  it.' 
But  if  «o  lache*  mm  shown,  a  prmnise  to  pay  is 
preaamptiwe  evidence  of  due  notice.* 

Notice  or  Sexvicb — When.    Notice 

ot  diabunor  cannot  be  given  until  after  a  demanr' 
and  reaasMil  of  saynaent."  A  premature  notict 
it  »aaMly.  It  ia  not  necessary-  tint  lae  party 
gMm  Ac  notioe  should  have,  ai  the  time,  per- 
immti  knvwledfc  of  the  daiitKinar.'*  'i  notice 
■■■I  on  the  dav  the  bill  or  note  Isecomes  due 
iMMt  too  scan,  mr,  though  payment  may  still 
tae«Hde  wittoio  the  day,  non-payaeat  on  pre- 
■eniMwnt  is  a  obwtionor.*  Anct  when  the  ^rti 
Uav  St  grace  taiiK  upon  SuncLiv.  toKnai  m  Jiiu'y. 
tMantyhfth  of  December,  i:  af  January,  or 
mjr  day  appointed  by  the  ;  resident  of  the 
United  Stales  or  the  governor  of  this  State  for 
a  public  fast  or  thanksgiving,  the  presentment 
for  payment  and  notire  of  non-payment  may 
be  made  on  the  next  preceding  businesg  day, 
which  is  in  either  case  the  last  day  of  grace.f 

Where  the  parties  reside  in  the  sasie  place, 
notice  to  the  drawer  or  inUorter  on  the  day  of 
the  dishonor  and  after  it,  or  in  the  course  of  the 
ne  ct  succeeding  day,  is  reasonable,  and  is  in 
tin  e  ;■  but  the  notice  is  not  in  time  unless  it  be 
given  so  as  to  reach  the  party  residing  in  the 
tame  place  on  the  day  succeeding  the  dishonor. 
If  sent  by  post,  it  must  be  deposited  in  time  to 
be  delivered  on  that  day.*  If  by  private  hand, 
it  must  be  served  befure  the  expiration  of  the 
day  succeeding  the  dishonor.i>  It  is  not  at  all 
material  in  what  manner  the  service  is  made  if 
the  notice  actually  reaches  the  party  in  due 
time.*  That  is,  on  the  right  day  and  within 
the  customary  houre  of  business,  having  respect 
to.  the  usages  of  the  place.* 

Whet«  the  parties  do  mot  reside  in  the  tame 
place  the  notice  of  dishonor  must  be  put  into 
the  post-otiice  early  enough  to  go  by  the  mail 
(^  the  day  succeeding  the  last  day  of  grace,* 
unless  the  mail  of  that  day  is  dosed  at  an  un- 

4-4  Humph.  (Tenn.)  336.  r-:  T.  R.  71a;  5  Burr, 
1673.  «4John*.  J84.  t-s  Johns.  148;  13  Wheat.  it|; 
ao  How.  «k;  «3  W«nd.  379 :  36  N.  H.  540;  9  Cal.  aji; 
jS  Penn.  Si.  134 ;  »o  III.  S57 ;  "  "    " 

IS9.    tl-7  East.  331 ;  14  Mo,  j 

Penn.   St.   135-    W-4  E  .  . 

Camp.  f(>3;  aKeman.ssi;  !iBai>d.33o:  tJohna.Ca* 
W18;  6  VPtTMt.  104:  9  &rr,  178.     y-s 
Hw.  Bilb,  Psisord  Bilb.    s-33  Pick 


S4^£  9 ' 
II  Ohio  St.:  10  Cuihi 
.9.    V-f  CaliKS.  343  i  3» 
Blsckbnm,  613.     Jt-3 


t.  347;  «  T.  R.  «67:  II  Johns.  i«y, 


•-.1 


Ld.  Raym.  743; 

3    " 

P.  a$>! 


S.  C.  «Camp.  3f3; 


it; 

It 


nS ;  9  East. 

M<1.3«5;ot     .^„ 

Holt.  C.  N.  P.  «7*:  3  Taunt.  334 

SWoid.  37«-    «-;  Peters.  578;  7  B'2=l'f- ^-.  -  .  . 

Biond,  }o6:  8  Wnttt  &  Sera.  14.    4t-c  Wheat.  «l7i  s 

Blinr.Wo:   a  Hilt,  63s:   <  Md-Hi  n  AUL.9<fi.    ••• 

Wh%»v37J .  9  Pete"!  91:   a  Hltf,  4St :   S  Comm,  jm. 

r-l  <Kifo  SeiU,«)6:   s^eten,(!o*,6t8:   3  Pick,  its, 
U}  I  Id.  « !  9  H.  H.  5»J  7,0%  *  Jwi»»i 79 :  »•  , 
W.!9«J  5Cowtli,j03:  3W«lid,tj6;    4Lj!irfi,37!3  j 

o»;  iiMm,*^:  sCmn. 489:  yV»«!«*] 


reasonably  early  hour,  or  before  early  and  con- 
venient business  hours.'  If  there  be  two  mails 
leaving  011  the  same  day,  the  first  closing  before 
the  common  hours  of  business,  it  is  sufficient  to 
transmit  the  notice  by  the  second.!  Indeed, 
the  holder  it  not  bound  to  send  off  the  notice 
by  a  mpjl  that  closes  before  the  usual  hours  of 
business  begin,  even  if  there  be  no  second  mail 
leaving  on  that  day.*  The  holder  is  not  bound, 
in  any  case,  U>  tend  off  the  notice  on  the  day 
of  the  dishonor  ;■  nor  if  either  of  the  indorsen 
bound  to  transmit  the  notice  to  his  indorser  on 
the  day  he  receives  it.  Each  pnrty  has  a  day 
for  giving  notice.)  The  result  of  the  authorities 
then  is,  that  the  holder  of  a  bill  or  note  is  bound 
to  despatch  the  notice  of  dishonor  by  mail  on 
the  day  after  default  is  made  in  payment  of  it, 
unlen  the  mail  closes  at  an  unreasonably  early 
hour ;  that  an  indorser  is  bound  to  use  the  same 
duligence  in  sending  it  forward  on  the  day  after 
h«  receives  it ;  and  that  neither  of  them  is  obliged 
by  law  to  tend  it  forward  on  the  very  day  the 
biU  is  dishonored  or  the  notice  received,  when 
ao  BMil  leaves  on  the  day  after  notice  is  re- 
cn*«d,  or  the  paper  is  dishonored,  it  is  suffi- 
cient to  put  the  letter  in  the  post-office  in  time 
to  ^  by  the  next  mail.''  For  the  purpose  of 
giving  notice,  a  bank  or  banker,  with  whom  a 
Oill  is  deposited  for  collection,  is  to  be  consid- 
ered as  a  diatinci  holder,  and  has  a  day  to  give 
notice  to  bb  <.ustor,>er ;  while  the  customer  has 
another  day  m  which  to  give  notice  to  the  an- 
tecedent parties.!  The  rule  is  the  tame,  though 
the  paper  be  transmitted  through  several  banks, 
indorsed  from  one  to  the  oiiier  for  collection." 
The  holder  should  give  notice  of  dishonor  to 
all  the  parties  to  whom  he  intends  to  look  for 
payment,*  but  it  is  enough  for  him  to  tend  or  give 
due  notice  to  his  indursers  for  the  purpose  of 
charging  the  party  indorsing  the  bill  over  te 
him  ;*  and  it  is  the  business  of  each  indorser  to 
take  care  that  the  party  responsible  to  him  is 
duly  notified.i>  The  over  diligence  of  one  will  not 
supply  the  want  of  diligence  in  another.'  Rea- 
sonable diligence  in  giving  notice  (when  there  is 
no  dispute  about  ihe  facts)  is  a  question  of  law.' 

PAYMENT. 

Application  of.  The  debtor  has  the  first 
right  to  direct  the  appIicatioDi  of  any  payment 
he  may  make.*  But  to  moke  tuch  application 
Seij.  364 ;  :  La.  313  :  a  Rob.  443  j  i  Ala.  75a :  »8  Conn, 
^3:  4  Bine.  71s:  iB<M,  &P.  7jo:  s  M,  &S«!.  68;  1 
S.  &  Manh,  361,664;  18  Conn.  373;  34  Me.  438.  c-i 
HiU,  363.  U-tt  ife.  4S8;  ■  S,  &  Marsh.  444,  I-9 
Peten,  33 :  t  Hill,  363 ;  Coon.  484 ;  j  Gill  ft  Johoji,  70 ; 
IT  Mais.  440;  9  N.  H,  sjo;  3  Marshal),  610.  J-a 
Maule,  68.  K-i  Moody  &  Matkii,  6i ;  3<  Maine,  4;?. 
l-sMauleft  Seiw.  68;  aTauni.388;  i<  £311.390;  i 
HiU,  3«3 ;  3!  N.  y,  485,  .7  "1-5 Cowen,  303 ;  3  Hill 
«t ;  3  6,  &  P,  joo :  5  IViasH.  167,  n,3  C.  &  P.  ajo;  9 
ntm,  33.  m-t  wheat.  37?  j»-3  Johns.  Cat.  80 ;  il 
Johns.  330;  3Hlli,  4S7  «-»Fo«er,  303;  4  S,  ft  AM. 
4JI ;  4  "i«h,  37.  so:  5  Humf*.  465;  8  Porter,  358  ;  30 
&g.  L  ftlq.  330;  15  M  ft  W,  ijT;  39  Eng.  L.  ft  »;. 
264,  r-3i  Wend,  64a;  u  Johns.  187;  6  Ohio,  66;  i 
Peters.  378;  3  Marsh.  616;  jS  &R.  333;  «7Ma»s.453, 
11-7  Wheat,  13:  aoPIck,  441 ;  1  Watts,  544;  3  Bailey, 
617;  4  Om  ft  Johns,  361 ;  8  Watt.fcSerjf.  330;  slredell, 
5S» ;  7  Blackf  336;  t  Keliy,  341  rBraoeh.  409 :  Davica, 
146 ;  6  Com.  43a.  The  rulr  tW  the  debtor  may  apply 
payamit  as  iit  pieaMfi,  ara^w  aahr  to  vi^ntary  pay. 
mania,  la  Pick.  lua. 


^^■JaJrstaMMWiiMaMw'i  iiii'w*iii«* 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


«fore  early  and  con- 
[f  there  be  two  mails 
le  dnt  closing'  before 
leu,  it  iH  fttimcient  to 
e  second.!  Indeed, 
}  tend  off  the  notice 
t  the  usual  hour*  of 
'e  be  no  neconJ  mail 
holder  i»  not  bound, 
le  notice  on  the  day 
Iher  of  the  indonen 
ce  to  hi*  indorser  on 
ach  p.rty  ho*  a  day 
lult  of  the  authorities 
bill  or  note  U  bound 
dishonor  by  mail  on 
ie  in  payment  of  it, 
n  unreasonably  early 
>und  to  use  the  same 
rard  on  the  day  after 
lerof  them  is  obliged 
on  the  very  day  the 
ice  received.  When 
ly  after  notice  is  re- 
ishonored,  it  is  sufR- 
le  post-office  in  time 
For  the  purpose  of 
anker,  with  whom  a 
tion,  is  to  be  consid- 
nd  has  a  day  to  give 
lile  the  customer  has 
ve  notice  to  the  an- 
^  is  the  same,  though 
rough  several  banks, 
iiiier  for  collection." 
otice  of  dishonor  to 
'.  intends  to  look  for 
>r  him  to  send  or  give 
I  for  the  purpose  of 
ng  the  bill  over  te 
s  of  each  indorser  to 
sponsible  to  him  is 
igence  of  one  will  not 
e  in  anoliier.<  Rea- 
lotice  (when  there  is 
IS  a  question  of  law.' 

debtor  has  the  first 
ion  of  any  payment 
ke  (uch  application 

13;  iAl«.75>:  ;8CoBn. 
iM>:  S   M.  &S«!.«8;  I 

S.  &  Manh.  614,     I.9 


m 


84:  jGillft  Joltiu 
M*nihaU,  610. 


•9 

..........„,_  y.i 

k\-\,  61 ;  a<  M niiw,  45^. 
.388;  15  Ea«t.  age:  i 
•-sCowen.joj;  a  Hill, 
r.  n%C.  &  P.  aso;  9 
1^3  Johns.  Cm.  80 ;  il 
OMor.  10a ;  4  S.  ft  AM. 
,  4<9;  8  Porter  ajS :  »o 
>  331 ;  19  EnE.  L.  ft  Er,. 
m.  1871  6C)hio,M:  1 
&R.  3»3;  > 7  Man. 453- 
i  Watla,  S44 ;  *  Bailey, 
tiJitrg.  jso;  $  Itedell, 
rBrancli,  409 :  Daviw, 
•  the  debtor  may  apply 

9tiy  to  T^wtwy  psgr- 


he  i..ast  give  directions  before  or  at  the  time 
of  [Myment."    If  no  appropriation  be  made 
by  him,  it  then  devolves  upon  the  creditor  to 
make  it.*    Yet  the  creditor  must  make  such  an 
application  a*  the  debtor  could  not  reasonably 
or  justiv  object  to.«  and  such  as  would  be  most 
for  his  Interest  at  the  time.*    If  there  are  two 
demands  and  the  debtor  pays  a  sura  exactly 
equal  to  one  of  them,  it  will  be  considered  as 
havitig  been  paid  in  discharge  of  that.t    If 
one  be  due  while  the  other  is  not,  the  payment 
applies  to  the  former.'    The  law  will  make  the 
application  first  to  the  interest  and  then  to  the 
principal.'    To  the  debt  which  is  prior  in  date.' 
To  the  debt  that  is  less  secured.*    If  applica- 
tion be  directed  by  neither,  then  the  law  will 
make  the  application  according  to  equity.*    A 
debtor  or  creditor  cannot  nppropriaie  a  payment 
in  such  a  manner  ea  to  affect  the  relative  lia- 
bilitiea  or  rights  of  suretiei  without  their  con- 
sent.* 

Made— How.    Payment  of  negotiable 

notes  and  bills  roust  always  be  made  in  money.* 
If  drawn  payable   in  anything  else  they  are 
not  negotiable,  and  are  not  governed  by  the 
i-ules  applicable  to  negotiable  paper.    For  in- 
stance, a  notes  made  by  a  farmer,  payable  in 
farm  produce,  without  specifying  any  time  or 
place  of  payment,  is  payable  on  demand  made 
at  the  farm  of  the  debtor;  and  in  an  action 
against  the  maker,  it  is  necessary  to  show  a  re- 
fusal to  pay  on  such  demand./    The  same 
pnnciple  applies  to  where  a  merchant  give*  his 
iiote  payable  in  goods,  or  a  mechanic  gives  his 
due  bill  payable  in  work;  the  goods  must  be 
demanded  of  the  merchant  ar  his  store,  and 
the  work  must  be  required  of  the  mechanic  at 
his  shop."    There  is  no  absolute  safety  short  of 
a  payment  of  money.    If  the  holder  takes  p-^y- 
ment  in  bank  bills,  it  m.iy  turn  out  that  the 
bank  has  failed ;  and  if  he  takes  a  check  it 
may  be  dishonored.     The  custon-  of  merchant", 
requires  that  the  holder  of  a  bil'  shall  prestnt 
the  ii»trum<;nt,  at  its  maturity,  to  the  acceptor 
demand  pnyment,  and  upon  receipt  of  the 
money  deliver  up  the  bill.*    1,'  he  deports  from 
this  custom,  and  especially  if  he  takes  a  draft 
on  a  banker,  or  any  other  security,  whereby 
the  time  of  payment  is  extended,  though  only 
tiH  the    next  morning,  the   drawer  and  in- 
dorsers  will  be  discharaed.     But,  if  the  time 
of  payment  is,  not  extended,  and  the  holder  re- 
tams  possession  of  the  bill,  so  that  he  is  ready 
to  sunwnder  it  on  payment  to  the  drawer  or  in- 

I  Fick.  j3»  ;    10  Id.  lag;    i  Seam.  196:   6  Watt?  & 

uenio,  470;  uN.ir.  35a.  •-lo  Vt.  a6:  i  S«af.  S 
C.  4ifl:  lit.  ft  Marah.  6v  s  a«  Vt.  456-  mN  H  .^,7 
P-a  K.  H  ,93;  a  Ha,r.A>hn,  i^  unpick  ViV 
334 .  JO  Watts,  ass ;  S  Maaon.  11.  a-i  Hurr  &  Fcdini 
8  8.  S  Manh.  m-.  3  Sand.  Ch.  «o8  ;  11  Paige  «,Jt'- 


.  NH^.*  '1""VJ?*'»"  ^'  "14 :  Davie.,  t^] 
»--«  MarsK.  in.    vJ^ttnii.    .^.  .,  e    g,  «?  **'  *" 


S.Jr  MarSB.  in.    ■?J5H>Jb    .5'.  %  i 

WTi«.  7»o;  X  Slw>B,  ^3; ',  Harr".  &  johw.'  nil  » 


dorser,  and  the  demand  and  protest  arc  made 
and  given  in  due  time,  there  i.4  no  reason  why 
the  taking  of  a  check  on  the  bank  a-s  a  means 
of  obtaining  the  money  on   the   bill,  should 
operate  tD  discharge  any  of  the  parties  thereto.* 
The  taking  of  a  note,  or  draft,  or  check  is  no 
payment  uidess  the  parties  make  it  such  by 
express  and  positive  agreement.'    The  note  of 
ihe  debtor,  receipted  ai>  cash,  is  not  an  absolute 
payment;  nor  is  the  note  of  a  third  p«:rson, 
unless  it  be  expressly  accepted  as  payment.") 
Such  receipt  may  be  explained  or  even  contra- 
dicted.*   But  the  creditor  receiving  a  draft 
drawn  bv  his  debtor  or  a  third  person,  may 
make  it  by  his  own  laches,  or  by  taking  some 
other  security  in  its  stead.'    When  bills  are 
taken  in  payment  of  a  debt,  and  the  creditor 
sues  on  the  original  consideration,  payment  of 
thf  bill  will  be  presumed  until  the  contrary  ap- 
pear.a    And  wliere  a  creditor  takes  from  his 
debtor  a  check  on  a  bank  or  a  negotiable  note, 
he  cannot  recover  on  the  original  consideration 
without  showing  the  check  to  have  been  dis- 
hoaored  or  surrendering  the  note  to  be  can- 
celled.''    A  check  drawn  payable  to  the  order 
of  the  creditor  and  indorsed  by  him,  produced 
by  the  debtor,  is  evidence  of  payment  of  so 
much  money ;«   and  proof  of  delivery  of  the 
check  to  him  in  payment  of  the  debt,  though 
{Kiyable  to  bearer  and  the  production  of  it  by 
the  drawer,  will  raise  the  presumption  that  the 
person  to  whom  it  was  delivered  received  the 
money  on  itJ 

Payment  means  payment  in  due  course  and 
not  bjr  anticipation ;  and  if  a  negotiable  note 
or  bill  of  exchange  be  paid  before  its  maturity, 
and  not  surrendered,  and  afterwards  came  into 
the  hands  of  a  iona  fide  holder,  it  is  valid 
security  in  his  bands.*  A  bank  that  pays  a 
check  prematurely  does  not  thereby  appropri- 
ate the  drawer's  funds ;  it  is  a  payment  without 
authority.'  The  acceptor  of  a  bill,  whether 
Jnlnnd  or  foreign,  and  the  maker  of  a  promis- 
soi-y  note,  should  pay  it  on  demand  at  any  time 
within  business  hours  on  the  day  it  becomes 
payable ;  and  if  it  be  not  paid  on  such  demand, 
^e  holder  may  instantly  treat  it  as  dishonored.*! 
But  the  maker  or  acceptor  has,  as  we  have  seen, 
the  whole  of  that  day  in  which  to  make  pay- 
ment; and  though  be  should  in  the  course  of 
the  day  refuse  payment,  and  thus  entitle  the 
holder  to  give  notice  of  dishonor,  still  if  he 
makes  payment  afterward  on  that  same  day,  it 

^'v.^*.-  "  "■  *5?''  '  Branch.  409:  «  GilmaB.  440. 
W-Gllpin,  .06;  .aji.  H,  3»o;  .  ftCLa^,  493 :  5'S^ 
M_.«h.  4.0:  s  Lel^.  3«>.  m-i  Car.  &  Payne,  si.  y- 
S  Cowen,  5.6;  a  Bibb.  aSo;  j«  Masa,  45,;  ,  Hemnst 

^-  'J'ir,  •**"'^*'L''JP?"'"' M?  W-T  Barn.  &  CrSa. 
8  Bar,.  408.  IK3jItty  ailii:  Siory  Bills,  e-s 
s-  <2,:  9   W-  3>o;  IS  Id.  334;   6  Wend.   49. 


ohn 


f-5<io 

^n 

feir'tt"     tl  5^-  5  ■  \^'^  ^5  r  9  Wend,  laa  ,j 

HUI^4«6:  I  Sand  8':  ?3  Wend.  345.  1r.5F.sp.5a:  3  K 


I 


nl''.i«o;  3C?»»;.  i«8l  7  Abb.  a'sg';  loMd.  27.'  ii-s 
5  Wsnd.  85     " 


•-I  Sand.  5 ; 


490.-  S 

,     7.   d-: 

t-)  Wend.  <aa ;  1 


mUh.js.^     h-i  /ohm.  34; 

may  I    _..,.._. 
Hifi  ft  Denio,  <«3 


. --3*5;  >»  Penn.  St.  44T 
be  explasnc 


Id.  104:  .15  Id,  147:  I 
............  „„.  ..::  bank  stamp  "taiH" 

in<Vd  by  showing  it  was  mad*  by  mifttake, 
ih;«  7  "i"  AT^  "-jEsp.ioe.  j.4  Taunt.  491;  4 
5*P-  »  *.:♦  "«*'  37* :  It  John-i.  118  :  14  Gran  i  , 
Om«».  N.  p.  ,53;_3  T.  R.  Id;    Chlttv  Bills.  2«o   as? 

£•5^  IS;  „'J  **•*!»•:  8  Wend.  478.    w  j  Cit 
'•  9n>  ^  \,v..  170, 


■iitmtmmmm:,',^:: 


m 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


will  be  lufficient,  and  will  render  the  notice  of 
ihe  diahonor  of  no  avail.*  The  indoner,  of 
course,  liecomet  liable  to  an  action  ai  toon  u  the 
credit  given  to  the  malcer  or  acceptor  has  expired.* 

Who  bv.     The  matter  of  a  promissory 

note  and  the  acceptor  of  a  l>ill  of  exchange, 
being  the  parlies  primarily  liable,  are  bound  to 
pay  the  bill  or  note  at  its  maturity ;  hence  the 
payment  of  a  note  by  the  maker,  or  the  pay- 
ment of  a  bill  by  the  acceptor,  when  properly 
made,  discharges  the  drawer  and  indorsers 
thereon,  and  cancels  or  puis  an  end  to  the  secu- 
rity as  an  existing  obligation,'  When  a  bill  is 
paid  by  an  acct  nimodation  acceptor,  the  law 
implies  a  contract  on  the  part  of  the  drawer  to 
refund  to  the  acceptor  the  amount  so  paid,  with 
such  damages  as  he  may  have  sustained  in  the 
transaction.")  Having  ben  paid,  it  remains  in 
the  hands  of  the  acceptor  as  h  voucher  to  be  used 
by  hiln  in  his  settlement  wiih  the  drawer,  or  as 
an  item  of  evidence  in  an  action  lirought  for 
the  recovery  of  the  money  paid.'  The  same 
principles  apply  to  the  case  of  a  promissory 
note,  made  fo'  the  accommodation  of  the  payee, 
or  of  some  other  person  to  whom  it  is  delivered 
for  negotiation.*  And  payment  of  the  note  by 
th:  surety,  while  it  cancels  the  note,  raises  an 
implied  contract  on  the  part;  of  the  principal 
debtor  to  repay  the  same  to  the  surety.*  As 
between  the  makers  of  a  note  and  the  payee  or 
holder,  the  makers  are  all  principals,  though 
one  of  them  signs  as  "  security."'  As  between 
thenuelves,  the  relation  of  the  parties  may  be 
proved.*  Payment  of  a  note  or  bill  by  an  in- 
dorser  is  a  satisfaction  of  it  only  In  respect  to 
subsequent  indorsers.  An  indorser  who  takes 
up  by  paying  dishonored  paper  becomes  the 
holder  as  against  prior  parties,*  and  may  trans- 
fer  it  or  put  it  into  circulation ;  it  is  paid  only 
as  to  suoaequent  indorsers  ;*  for  a  bill  is  not 
discharged  isntil  paid  by  or  on  behalf  of  the 
acceptor,  nor  a  note  until  pai4  by  tt  oh  behalf 
of  the  maker.'  For  this  reason,  when  nii  in- 
dorser takes  up  a  dishonored  note  or  bill,  iie  is 
at  liberty  to  put  it  again  in  circulation;*  whereas 
payment  by  the  midcer  of  a  note  or  the  acceptor 
oif  a  hill  discharges  it, 'so  that  It  is  no  lonf  er 
negotiable.*  One  who  vohintariiy  and  o&' 
ciously  pajrs  Ihe  debt  of  another,  without  request 
or  authority  to  do  so  <rora  the  debtor,  cannot 
recover  from  him  the  snr?!  paid.*  Afier  a  for- 
eign bill  has  been  protested  for  non-payment, 
any  person  may  pay  it  (uadcr  protest;  for  Uie 
honor  of  the  drawer  cr  indorser,  and  is  entitled 
to  demand  repay im.>nt,  not  only  from  the  perton 
for  whose  honor  he  made  tne  pttrxumt,  but 
from  all  other  partita  who  ore  li&bie  to  that 

Kt  Wend.  170;  aCowcn.fW:  Bj'KsBia*,  rn;  i 
W,  ft  S.  179.  A-s  Oow).  F.  C.  8t  i  «  Camp.  M. 
^  Ros.  iTo;  3  Tvrw.  4«7.  P-»  I>e»lo.  «««.  Jjff 
B«rt>.  6m.  #"J  Barb.  »«:  a  Dedo^  »o$:  s  EjU, 
160;  *i  WttMl.  SM.  K-3  JoKm.  Cat.  s:  >  W&.  fs; 
«  T.  R.  lb;  tCaaf..  i<n;  »  Wb*r:,  jSs.  t-BjrlM 
BHh,  193 ;  s  B&skf.  37.  nS  Ea>^.  149  (  a  Com*.  4at. 
V-io  B*ri>.  s".  vr-it  Cwn.  347.  A-I4  Oratt.  i.  i- 
Bytes  Bnt«,  174:  6  Vo«««r,  4a«.  st-^  WeM.  73:  i  CaV 
ttt,  387;  3  yoowt.  4«4 '   »■«  kCsi.  »^ :  *  Sag.  C^LJ.. 


person.*  With  this  exception  to  the  general 
rule,  there  is  no  'eason  why  an  oflicious  pay- 
ment and  satisfaction  of  a  bill  or  note  should 
not  be  held  to  cancel  the  security.* 

Who  to.     Payment  should  be  made  to 

the  holder  and  real  proprietor  of  the  bill,  or  to 
some  person  authorized  by  him  to  receive  the 
same  ;*  it  should  be  made  to  the  party  having 
the  title  and  possession  of  Ihe  instrument.'  If 
drawn  payable  to  bearer,  or  indorsed  in  bhinic 
so  ihat  the  title  passes  by  mere  delivery,  pcs- 
session  alone  is  presumptive  evidence  of  title 
and  sufficient  authority  to  demand  and  re- 
ceive payment.*  The  maker  or  acceptor  will  be 
pro'ected  in  paying  a  note  or  bill  to  the  party 
presenting  it  under  such  circumstances  as  would 
give  a  right  of  action  thereon  to  a  purchaser  in 
good  faith  for  value.*  And  he  is  bound  to  pay 
a  icna  fiJt  holder  who  has  parted  with  value 
for  the  same  before  it  became  due,  notwith- 
standing it  may  have  been  previously  lost  or 
stolen.!  But  having  notice  that  the  bill  or  note 
has  been  lost  by  the  real  proprietor  or  stolen 
from  him,  he  should  not  pay  the  same  to  the 
finder,  or  other  person,  until  the  latter  estab- 
lishes a  c'ear  title  or  gives  an  adequate  indem- 
nity against  the  claim  of  any  other  pcrsoii.i 
With  notice  of  the  loss,  the  maker  or  acceptor 
pays  at  his  peril ;  for  if  it  turns  out  that  ihe 
party  in  possession  was  not  the  real  owner  ol^ 
the  bill  nor  entitled  to  recover  thereon  as  a 
bona  fifU  holder,  he  will  be  obliged  to  pay  it 
over  again  *o  the  real  proprietor;*  In  deter- 
mining the  question  of  titie,  where  d  note  or 
bin  is  presented  for  payment,  the  maker  or  ac- 
ceptor must  ascertain  whether  the  indorsements 
ore  properly  made,  so  as  to  vest  the  title  in  the 
person  demandiiiK  payment.*  The  maker  mut. 
at  all  events  see  that  he  pays  to  the  order  of  the 
payee,  for  if  his  indorsement  is  a  forgeiv,  or 
spnrious,  it  is  a  payment  by  niistake."  If  the 
indorsements  on  the  note  or  bill  be  in  blank,  it 
is  sufficient  to  make  certain  that  the  payee's  in- 
dorsement is  «;enuine;  but  if  the  successive  in- 
dorsements ]>e  special,  the  holder  cannot  derive 
title  to  the  paper  through  a  forged  indorsement. 
Thus,  where  the  payee  of  a  note  drawn  payable 
to  him,  or  order,  indcnscs  it  epec!<Uly  payable 
to  A.  or  order,  and  ho  Vf?ia  iqdorses  it  ipeciaily 
payaMe  to  B.  ot  order,  the  title  to  the  note, is 
in  B.f  and  no  other  person  has  the  ri^tt  to  de. 
maod  payment  of  it  <ixcept  as  his  agent."  Pos. 
sessiun  of  a  note  transferable  by  delivery  only, 
or  indorsed  in  blank,  H  prima  fade  woof  of 
title.*  the  case  h  different  where  the  payee 
indorses  it  in  blank :  here,  though  there  are  sub. 
wqi'ent  special  indor)emk.nta  on  the  note,  th"* 

«Mt  Eatt.4a;  0oii^.  ftij.  f-i  HiD.*87;  i  X«rB.404; 
so  Id.  138 :  13  lad.  s:<i.  ir- 
so;  iC«b1p,s83;  jWenu. 


1  Doei', 434;  «7h!y. log 
iljohra.  aw.    Bhs  *  * 
<oojSM.««.  |.n- 

:9B.»Cir! 


I  ioiias.  so 
Johns,  loR 


Kama, 

4M  feW.'iS.  |.tHiU,«lj.  M-tKamiii,oiiViiN.v: 

3iof ;  m  Id.  ijj    ■'15  Jrjhn.  147 ;  Skw  Notts.  \  3*3 

■  Camp.  N.  P.  ««4, «. ,-    ^  Etp.  fj;  CBInv  K!ls  »3- 

iM;    aCowta.ios:   80^0.431;    jWoiJ. 

Man.  4(i;  tt  M.  iS&;  16  Ptcko  lu;  A  ~ 

Joiwi.  104:  itSlf.  !,>.  ft  Bq.  ft4. 


'H 


i4.     ••« 

4%:  y 


KWMMnrMM 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


eption  to  the  g«nrra! 
why  M  uificioui  pay- 
•  bill  or  note  »hoiild 
•tcurily* 

leni  «hould  be  made  to 
rietor  of  the  bill,  or  to 
}y  him  to  receive  the 
e  to  the  parly  having 
r  the  inMrutnem.'  If 
,  or  indorsed  in  bhink 
f  mere  delivery,  pes- 
•live  evidence  of  titit 
to  demand  and  re- 
ker  or  acceptor  will  be 
te  or  bill  to  the  party 
ircumatance*  as  would 
reon  to  •  purchaser  in 
nd  he  is  bound  to  pay 
has  parted  with  value 
L>ecame  due,  notwith- 
ten  previously  tost  or 
ce  that  (he  bill  or  note 
I  proprietor  or  stolen 
pay  the  same  to  the 
until  the  latter  estab- 
8  an  adequate  indem- 
>f  any  other  person.' 
he  maker  or  acceptor 
r  it  turns  out  that  the 
lot  the  real  owner  of 
recover  thereon  as  a 
be  obliged  to  pay  it 
■roprietor;*  In  deter- 
title,  where  d  note  or 
lent,  the  maker  or  ac- 
sther  the  indorsements 
to  vest  the  title  in  the 
nt.'  The  maker  mus. 
ays  to  the  order  of  the 
ment  is  a  foixety,  or 
hy  niistake."  Ir  the 
or  bill  bb  ia  blank,  ii 
in  that  the  payee's  in- 
it  if  the  idcceasive  in- 
:  holder  cannot  derive 
a  forged  indonement. 
6  note  drawn  payable 
s  it  gpeci^Iy  payable 
ia  i^doraes  it  specially 
(he  title  to  the  note  .is 
R  has  the  rig|it  to  de- 
t  as  his  agent.*  Pos. 
abk  by  delivery  only, 
^Hma  fiuic  proof  of 
rent  whiiTe  the  payee 
,  though  there  are  sub. 
ik;:nts  on  the  note,  th>t 

•I  Hi]l,«87;  I  Xani.404 : 
I  Id.  138 :  13  InJ.  s:0.  K- 
;  lEiaio.stj;  sWeiiu. 
iHaN,(«i;«Pklt.s45; 
,i».6.  J-ijEmt.  13$:  I 
.-)t!m.n9:  ■cot.'*  aCi; 
l-«  Kenun,  .^ ;  it  M.  Y. 
»47i  &ojvHo«5,l3«3- 

fe  »»;  •  WMkf  ^f  i  If 
S14. 


holder  is  at  llber'y  to  .l.-dnce  his  title  through 
the  first  indoner  ;*  unA  hence  the  maker  is  pro- 
tected in  paying  the  note  to  the  party  in  posses- 
sion, just  the  same  as  if  it  had  been  originally 
made  payable  to  bearer.     If  the  first  indorse- 
ment be  special  and  thva  second  in  blank,  the 
iubscr|uent  holder  takes  title  "hrough  both  of 
these  indorsements,*  and  the  maker  should  see 
Ihai  both  of  them  are  genuine  when  he  payj  th« 
note,     Where  the  person  r<.H:eiving  payment  on 
a  fjiged  bill  has  no  recourse  to  any  other  party 
thereon,  or  has  the  same  right  of  action,  not- 
withstanding the  want  of  notice,  the  question 
of  laches  does  not  arise.     Thus,  where  the 
drawee  accepts  and  payi,  a  bill  payable  to  the 
order  of  a  fictitious  psnon,  or  to  the  order  of  a 
real  person  who  never  had  any  inteiest  in  the 
bill,  and  whose  name  has  been  forged  upon  it 
by  the  drawer,  the  bill  being  negotiated  in  that 
rondition,  and  none  of  the  parties  but  the  drawer 
having  any  knowledge  of  the  forgery,  the  drawee 
or  acceptor  cannot  recover  beck  the   money. 
The  title  to  the  bill  passes  in  the  same  iran net 
as  if  It  had  been  drawn  payable  to  a  fictitious 
person,  or  to  bearer;  and  ina.sinuch  as  the  ac- 
ceptor haa  no  recourse  to  the  prior  parties,  he 
has  no  right  to  recover  back  the  money  so  paid.' 
Whc«  a  bank  pays  a  forged  check,  or  a  check 
that  hu  upon  it  the  fcenuine  signature  of  its 
cuHtft-aer,  but  has  been  fraudulently  altered  to 
a  larger  mm,  it  cannot  dt:bit  the  drawer  with 
the  sum  so  paid  without  authority.*     But  if  a 
bill  or  check  be  drawn  in  so  careleas  and  im- 
proper a  manner  as  thereby  to  enable  a  third 
person  to  practise  a  fraud,  the  customer  and 
not  the  bank  must  bear  the  lo»s.»    A  draft  that 
has  not  been  accepted  and  a  ba!i'  check  should 
not  be  paid  after  notice  from  the  tb  .iwer  counter- 
manding the  authority,  noi  after  the  death  of  the 
drawer,  which  is  a  revocation  of  the  authority.* 
The  pereon  transferring  a  negotiable  note  or 
ilraft,  whether  by  indorsement  or  delitrerr,  im- 
pliedly guarante«8  the  title  to  It  unless  the 
transfar  be  made  under  such  circumstances  as 
to  show  clearly  that  the  purchaser  took  it  at  his 
own  m\\>    And  henct  the  person  who  obtains 
money  cr  goods  on  the  instrument,  or  has  it 
di»count«»d,  is  bound  to  refund  what  he  has  re- 
ceived, iij  case  it  proves  to  be  a  forgery.*    But 
•  if  tl»e  traasfe--  is  made  without  indorsement, 
the  peraon  transferring  it  is  liable  on!y  to  his 
immediate  usigne<>— he  is  not  a  party  to  and  is 
not  liaUe  on  t^  biU,« 

A  party  psylng  money  under  a  misuke  of 
Uw  cwinot  recover  It  back ;  but  if  he  pay  money 
under  %  r^istake  of  the  «al  facts  (and  has  n<5 
om:ttfld  to  avail  himself  rf  the  means  of  knowl- 
edgvi  ii»  his  power),  he  may  recover  back  sa:h 

p  t  OmIo.iM:  4  Jofcw.  M.    4|.i Sand.  leg;  6Ctp. 
^iConM.  113;  CWtty^ajIs^ai:  leN.Y.jjfti^ 


m 


.  L.  S19.    »..  B»r,i.  fc  C.  750:   «  Camp,  ilj     i 


- —  Receipts.  Where  a  part  payment  is 
made  on  a  negotiable  note  or  bill,  the  party 
paying  should  have  a  receipt  indomed  ujwn  the 
instrument  j  otherwise,  he  may  be  compelled  to 
pay  It  over  again  to  a  bona  Jidt  holder.'  Hut 
ihe  maker  ofa  note  or  due  bill  not  negdti.ihje, 
may  safely  pay  money  on  it  to  the  payee,  where 
h*  has  no  notice  or  reason  to  suppose  that  it 
haa  been  assigned.*  When  paid  in  full  it  should 
be  surrendered  o;  cancelled,  so  that  the  maker 
may  not  afterwavd  be  compelled  to  prove  th.-.t 
It  has  been  satisfied.*  The  occeptar  ofa  bill 
on  being  calleri  on  for  payment  is  entitled  to 
j"J[  f.urrendered  to  him  as  a  voucher, 

and  the  makr.-r  of  a  negotaM«>  note  stands  in 
the  same  relation;  neitherof  themcanbe  com- 
pene<l  to  pnjr,  unless  the  holder  produces  and 
offers  to  deJiver  up  the  instrument,  or  tenders 
Mifficifiit  indemnity,  where  it  has  been  lost* 
And  the  indorser  paying  a  note  has  the  right 
to  demand  that  it  be  surrendered  to  him.*  A 
receipt  rot  specifying  by  wnom  the  payment 
was  nuide,  indorsed  on  the  back  of  a  bill,  is 
presumptive  evidence  that  the  bill  was  paid  Iw 
the  acceptor.*  But  the  signature  of  the  person 
sign'jig  the  receipt  must  be  proved,  and  it  must 
appear  to  be  that  of  a  person  entitled  to  receive 
payment.'  A  receipt  indoi^ed  on  a  note  may 
hti  contradicted  or  explained  like  any  othe?  re- 
i:eipt  for  money  paid.*  The  maker  or  acceptor 
of  notes  and  drafts  rot  negotiable,  cannot  refuse 
to  pay  on  the  ground  that  thoy  are  not  pro- 
duced  and  ready  to  be  sunendered.*  The 
a.«Mgnee  of  such  paper  takes  it  subject  to  what 
ever  defence  the  maker  or  acceptor  may  have 
to  It,  as  against  the  payee,'  Where  the  creditor 
accepts  the  note  of  a  third  person  as  payment, 
it  is  a  good  accord  and  satisIactionJ 

— -  Release  of  Pe.ncipal  Djibtor.  The 
drawfr  of  a  bill,  and  each  of  the  successive 
indorsers;  whether  of  a  note  or  bill,  being 
charged  with  notice  of  non  payment  upon  a 
due  demand  made,  is  bound  to  pay  the  amount 
and  take  up  the  paper.  He  cannot,  like  a 
surety,  require  of  the  holder  tctive  '•iligence 
.0  collect  the  money  of  the  party  primarily 
liable  to  pay;  nor  docs  he  generallv  enter  into 
the  contract  vithcut  a  full  ai.d  valuable  con- 
Rideration.*  By  entering  into  f.  contract  with 
the  mftKer  of  *  note,  or^';ceptor  of  a  bill,  ex- 
tending  the  time  of  payment,  the  holder  tacitly 
engages  to  give  the  same  credit  to  all  the  parties 
who  may  be  entitled  to  «  remedy  over  against 
the  maker  or  acceptor.'  To  f^ve  his  contrnd 
legituaair  e«ect  is  to  arrest  the  remedies  of  ail 
tae  parties  on  the  bill  or  note,  and  thus  convert 
the  contrest  of  each  into  «  different  under- 
taking,   3o  when  the  holder  enters  into  an 

f^M**  „■-'  '^P.-.4«*3;  »Hm,  i«.;  iioW.  V.  »38. 
»9  Johns.  64;  «»  Id.  343.  »-«o  Wt«d.  85;  .6  U. 
M9-    •-7B«rn.&»,res«  90.    <|.4 Barb.  «o8     «-PMilte'« 


«J9'*-7l>*rn.6n;res«  90.    ,_     .»-.^.=  . 

Cji.  ss.    ^Camp.  43^;    »>e«k«,  170;    lEsp.  tyj-    3 

Id.  19J;  4  T»im«.  89, ;  T  U.  Ss :  *  ft.  ft  G.  fc^.  r-3 
.   B.  ft  A.  313      l;;»o  Win  Ellin,  I16  :  ,gi„g.M3:.o 

■V*^S.i?»=  ?W«™«>44:  «*W  >73  l-'sMi« %r4, 
I  m««r8,  "k-fWend.tfie;  »  W.  194;  id  Johas.  ii» 
1  r«Jt«yNot«»,4i4i<JaUjrgiu..4«*r4w»,  • 


>»  st,,-^**te;,,,  ■  mmmmm,-»^<ii;.m^,,,it<»mM»ms^^ 


>s 


»»• 


BILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


«gr««in«nt  wllh  th«  m»l(«r  or  ncceptor,  foun^Ied 
on  •  good  conniderttion,  giving  nim  time  for 
pAymeni,  the  contract  operate*  u  a  rcleaMe  of 
the  drawer  ind  indortem."  Hut  a  contract  not 
based  upon  a  valid  connideraiion,  doe»  not 
have  th<!  effect  of  a  release;  for  delay  undiir 
luch  a  contract  in,  in  the  eye  of  the  law,  merely 
gratullou*.*  A  contract  made  with  the  drawer 
of  a  bill,  or  with  the  prior  indonwr  of  a  note 
or  bill,  will  discharge  all  tubsequent  indor- 
ten,*  hut  wiit  not  operate  aa  a  releaib  of  the 
■taker  or  acceptor.'  A«  between  the  f\nt  /»nd  »ul»- 
M(iuei.>t  indunen,  the  former  is  regarded  in  the 
light  of  principal ;  he  Mands  behind  them  upon 
the  paper,  and  (•  bound  to  take  it  up  in  case  ofthe 
default  of  the  maker.  The  contracts  of  the  sev- 
eral indorsers  are  like  so  many  links  in  a  chain, 
and  if  the  holder  consent  to  dissclve  the  first, 
the  chain  is  no  longer  capable  of  binding  either 
if  the  parties.^  So  long  as  tbs  holder  makes 
no  valid  and  binding  agre^m^sru  for  delay,  he 
if  at  liberty  to  use  every  endeavor  to  secure  the 
payment  of  ths  bill  or  note ;  he  may  receive 
part  payment;'  he  may  take  new  tecutities;* 
he  may  negotiate  for  delay;*  he  way  rtc-hfe 
and  transmit  propositions  to  the  inr!«rsers  for 
an  extended  credit;*  and  he  may  voluntarily 
forbear  to  bring  an  action  a,i;;«inst  any  or  «il  of 
the  parties,  so  long  as  he  can  without  com- 
ing into  contact  with  th«t  bar  raised  by  the 
statute  of  limilitticnM.  An  agreement  made  by 
the  holder  with  the  principal  debtor,  extending 
the  time  of  payment,  or  even  releuing  him 
from  his  liability,  will  not  discharge  the  drawer 
tnr.indomer  if  he  asisents  to  the  arrangement.' 
So,  if  the  bolder  give  time  to  the  maker  or 
acceptor,  and  the  drawer  or  indorser  afterwar  * 
promises  to  pay,  witjft  Knowledge  of  the  fact, 
he  is  precluded  from  taking  advantage  of  the 
indulgence  so  granted.*  A  release  of  a  debt 
or  ItabiUtf  given  on  a  good  consideration  ex- 
tinguishes the  indebtedness;*  but  •  releate 
without  consideration,  and  not  undtr  seal,  is 
yaidJ'  A  new  consideration  gives  effect  to  a 
releaie  not  under  seal."  Where  one  of  the 
mikem  of  a  promisso<[y  note  adds  to  his  signs- 
tuf«  the  word  "  surety,"  the  holder  i»  bound  to 
treat  him  as  such,  and  cannot  vary  the  tenons 
of  the  contract  by  extending  the  tiiqe  of  p«y- 
nient,  or  otherwise,  so  as  (o  increase  the  rixk 
of  the  surety  without  discharging  him.  An 
extension  of  credit  to  the  deUor  for  one  day 
diachaige*  the  larety  as  etfectually  as  if  made 
jfiH"  one  year.*  Taking  security  from  or  giving 
time  to  one  of  several  jomt  makers  of  a  rtow. 
or  scceptoiTS  of  a  bill,  does  not  discharge  ;!ic 
others.^  Several  sureties  who  succassivefy  sign 
a  note  at  the  request  of  the  principal,  without 
«S(M»munication  irxh  each  >ahm,  are  hoiKir),  on 
tfw  tiUvvt  cl  the  principal,  te  oontrikm««N^ly 


wm-jWtmd.^vt.  ijl4.<m: 


r.  AU;  !oJehin. 


«*■.  p-at  ^cnd.  tnS.   f^-r  ^Ive,  C3i.  o.  4-3  Enp.^; 

B.  *  P.  <!i  *•-»  SMt.  s»6  i  «  johM  Cm.  1 1  < :  3  WCord, 
51 :  «6  J^m.  «.  s-i  Bsra.  &  Cnn.  u  £-»  C«r.  & 
r^jfit.  «s-iA  East,K>s.  tr-ryjoiim,  in;  to  Pisfc. 
tit!    Id.  $33:    »6M.Vi.    W-is£Mt.  }l,    X-4B.  & 

C.  »e6,  5i«.  «.    y-i  gawen,  ^laa ;   ;  14.  «4;   ty  JvitM. 


to  the  payment  of  the  note.*  The  word  wrfff 
added  to  (he  signature  of  a  maker  Is  evidenri. 
that  he  did  not  ((ive  the  note  fur  value  receive.-! 
by  him,*  Where  «  hill  of  exchange  is  accepteil 
fur  the  acc'.immodation  of  the  drawer,  (he 
hulder  does  not  discharge  him  by  giving  the 
acceiitor  further  time  for  i>  vment ;  for  here  the 
drawer  i«  ultimately  liable  o  pay  the  amount 
secured  by  the  bill,  and  does  not  stand  in  tht 
light  of  a  surety.*  Nor  will  an  agreement 
with  the  drawer,  giving  him  time  for  payment, 
discliarge  the  acceptor  for  his  Hccommoilalion, 

So,  in  respect  to  a  promissory  note,  if  ntsHc 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  payee,  dela» 
granted  to  him  will  not  discharge  the  maker.! 

PRACTICE. 

Damages  is  the  rate  or  per  cent,  paid 

to  the  holder  of  a  bill  of  exchange  which  ha4 
been  dishonored.  It  is  the  subject  of  distinct 
statute  regulation  in  nearly  every  State  of  the 
Union.    See  URNCitAL,  Statutes. 

Evidence.    Generally,  the  pleadings 

show  what  the  plajntift  must  prove  to  maintain 
his  action,  and  what  the  defendant  must  prove 
to  establish  his  defence.  When  a  single  ioct  is 
put  in  issue,  such  as  the  making  of  the  not^,  or 
the  acceptance  of  the  bill  in  suit,  one  party 
holds  the  affirmative  and  the  other  the  negative; 
and  the  entire  evidence  is  directed  to  the  proof 
or  disproof  of  that  fact.  In  all  actions,  allega- 
lions  of  the  execution  ol  written  initruments 
and  indorsettients  thereon,  of  the  existence  of 
a  coqxiration  or  partnership,  or  of  any  appoint- 
Rsent  or  authority  may  be  taken  as  true,  unless 
the  denial  -if  the  sam?  be  veri&rd  by  the  affi- 
davit of  the  party,  his  agent  or  attorney.^ 

In  an  action  fa^  the  payee  againsf  the  maker 
of  a  negotiable  note  or  the  acceptor  of  a  bill 
of  exchange,  it  is  generally  enough  to  produce 
the  instrument,  prove  the  signature  of  the  de- 
fcifdant  and  the  amount  due  the.«on.  If  the 
action  be  against  several  acceptors  of  a  bill  or 
makers  o(  a  note,  ihe  handwrning  of  each  must 
be  proved,  unleaa  the  defendants  ar«  sued  as 
partners,  in  which  cose  it  must  be  shown  that 
the  defendants  were  partners,  and  that  the  note 
or  acceptance  was  made  or  given  in  the  name 
of  the  firm  by  one  of  the  firm.*  If  the  action 
be  a^lnst  the  makers  "of  A  joint  and  severs] 
promisao'y  note,  it  is  incnmbent  upon  the 
plaintiff  to  prove  that  it  was  made  by  tlie  parties 
described  in  the  complaint.  A  noJt-  b^^nning 
"  I  promise  to  pay,"  and  -JSgned  by  twc  persons, 
i«  a  joint  and  sevRra!  nr>te.J  The  aecertance 
being  made  after  sight  of  a  bi!l,  «dm*t*  ihe 
drawer's  wtnature.*  The  aceeptttn-^'s  adiuiif 
also  the  ability  of  the  drawer,  and  that  the 
draft  was  properly  drawn;  so  thot,  though 
drawn  by  a,n  gg«!t»t,  it  is  not  necessary,  in  an 
a^on  afsins^  the  occeprw.  to  show  the  ag«nt'« 

575.  a-HWcad  116,  «.Tit»«sn(f.  ■;»».  fc-«B.*Ald 
3jo;  6  Price,  III.  «-»  Sei<i  t^.  i-i  Denio,  i«6:  n> 
mtb.  511;  u  C'mat.  ^k^;  m  Wand.  400.  m-%  Camp 
»8i :  sa  111.  !<j9.  f.3  Ci-mp,  jfo.  »-i  iB*™.  &  Ad.  t' 
S»-Sec  t!ri*B  AcTteiOL  Plsaosm:.  T-y  W^ad.  «».  J- 
Conp.  4a3;S.  C.  leEMi     '      -    •     -  '•'••• 


U-i 


mm^ 


!- '^iil^HMMSUHHH 


BILLS.  BONDS,  AND  NOTES. 


m 


o»t.*  Tht  word  tur/ff 
!>f  ■  maker  in  evideim 
note  fur  value  rcceivi.! 
i{  exchange  i«  nccepitd 
I  of  the  drawer,  ilic 
rue  him  by  givinjj  the 

•  D  vment ;  (or  here  (he 
ble  o  jmy  the  amouui 
I  doe«  not  »Und  in  tht 
ar  will  an  »({reemcni 
him  lime  for  paynieni, 
or  hii  acconimo<l»lioi). 
umisRoiy  note,  if  made 

of  the  payee,  dela* 
discharge  th«  maker.! 

i  rate  or  per  cent,  paid 
if  exchange  which  ha* 

the  Rubject  of  di>tinct 
arly  every  Stale  of  Ihe 
Statutes. 

neraliy,  (he  pleadinf>« 
nnuKt  prove  (o  maintain 

defendant  must  prove 

When  a  single  tact  is 

making  of  ihe  noli,  or 

bill  in  suit,  one  party 

the  other  the  negative ; 
is  directed  to  the  proof 
In  all  actions,  allega- 
of  written  inttrumenta 
in,  of  the  existence  of 
ihip,  or  of  any  appoint- 
«  taken  as  true,  unless 

be  verified  by  the  affi- 
jent  or  attorney.* 
kyee  Kgainsif  the  maker 

•  the  acceptor  of  a  bill 
illy  enough  to  produce 
e  signature  of  the  de- 
t  due  the.eon.     If  the 

acceptors  of  a  bill  or 
ndwrning  of  each  must 
lefendants  are  sued  as 
it  must  be  shown  that 
ners,  and  that  the  note 
or  given  in  the  name 
}c  firm.'  If  the  action 
of  A  joint  and  severs] 
incumbent  upon  (he 
ra>  made  by  tlie  parties 
nt.  A  noic  begmning 
'jjgned  by  twc  pemoiit, 
rAc.i  The  acceptance 
of  a  biti,  adm'ta  (he 
lie  ftcceptim-^<j  admitf 
dfA«-;;r,  and  that  the 
wn;  so  (hat,  thuHtgh 
«  not  necewHury,  in  an 
ttf.  to  show  the  agent's 

Icnx'.  SI?.    b-»B.  ftAld 

(  Wand.  400.  »•■}  Cantp. 
t6t.  m--i  Barn.  &  Ad,  41 
K»w.  i-y  Wead.  i?a.  J-t 
(4,  i'wha  K.  ijs;  HSk 

3j»,  and  gaaas  ^ed;  1 


nithoritji'*  ;ind  (he  production  of  the  bill  by 
Ihe  payee  is  sufficient  proof  of  his  title  to  it.» 
In  an  action  by  an  indorsee  agaiutt  the  acceptor, 
the  pUintiif  must  prove  his  acce|>tHnce  anj  the 
payee's  indorsement ;/  and  if  (he  indoritement 
he  special,  ii  mustl  appear  to  have  been  made 
to  (he  plaintiff,  or  he  must  show  a  subaeciuent 
ifidot«emen(  (o  himself.     Bills  and  no(es  made 
payable  (o  l«arer  circulate  and  are  considereil 
as  money  1  and,  as  the  title  posses  by  delivery, 
possession  is  evidence  of  the  holderU  property 
in  them.*     And  there  is  no  legal  difference  be- 
,lween  a  bill  or  note  payable  to  bearer  and  one 
payable  to  a  particular  {)er»on  or  bearer;  in 
either  case  the  holder  is  prima  faeU  the  law- 
ful bearer,  to  wiom  the  same  is  payable."    The 
same   presumption   is   raised   in   favor  of  the 
holder  of  a  note  or  bill  drawn  iwyable  to  onlar 
after  the  same  has  been  indorsed  in  blank.i> 
On  a  note  for  value  received,  made  payable  to 
one  #r  other  of  two  persons,  action  should  be 
brought  jn  the  name  of  both,  and  recovery  may 
bp  bad  on  proof  of  the  execution  of  the  note.' 
In  an  action  against  an  indorser  of  a  bill  or 
note,  the  plaintiff  need  not  prove  the  signature 
of  the  maker,  drawer,  or  prior  indorsers ;  nor 
c«n  the  defendant  tmpench  the  genuineness  of 
the  bill  or  note,  for  his  indorsement  admits  the 
sbiiiiy  and  signaturtt  of  every  antecedent  partv  '' 
There  is  •  warranty  imj)lied  in  the  transfer  of 
every  negotiable  inrtrument  that  it  is  tiot  foraed.* 
In  an  action  by  an  indorsee  against  his  imme- 
diate indorser,  the  latter  is  estopped  from  deny- 
ing the  drawing  and  itidor^ement  of  the  bill  to 
himwilf.t    The  plaintiA"  need  not  prove,  in  an 
*^ion  upon  negotiable  paper,  that  the  same 
.  %  racde,  accepted,  or  ittdorsed  foran  r.dequate 
i  -nsideration  5  the  presu.<nption  being  that  the 
contract  of  the  several  pwrfies  to  the  instrument 
was  entered  itsir-  for  valuA  received,  and  that 
the  holdsr  «c<iuire4  .'^  V    5h«  usual  coune  of 
buunesa  far  vdue,    MX  Htm  pr/aipr«ion  may 
be  overcom«.    F*-  ■  5wtt,»irioe,  if  it  c«  sbs^wn  th^ 
the  bill  or  notr    :n   *it  Jbas  h  w  )( <t.  or  hM 
been  stolen  from  .1.^  >*  -»er.  ti**  plsknuif  must 
show  himself  to  fer  .    i„m&  fidt  holder  for 
value.     rWs  he  ma.- '  j  hy  isWwing  that  he 
to<*  tlw  pwer  fairly,  in  th«  u»-jal  couise  of 

K*l<lt«n*»a  MM  J       .m^ . * «^  1  .     ■  - 


._   ,„.  r-r—    —~vi  ■"  "■»   «™j««  cuuise  Of 

Btwinws,  and  gave  a  valuable  considemtion  for 
it.«  So,  If  It  h«B  shown  that  tW  bill  or  note 
was  obuifscwi  by  fraud,  dnreas,  without  consid- 
er«(lon,  cfl  «a  illwal  ronsideration,  or  for  a  par- 
ticularpuraoseanddiiilioiwstlyusedforatiaiieir » 

A«  to  what  defn<»  it  allowed  if  the  instm- 
meat  is  negotiated  when  overdue,  see  ante. 
I^OORSEMINT.  And  payment  before  due  may 
be  given  in  evidence  against  indorsee- 

Itt  actions  ai^nst  tlw  drawer  of  bills  and 
chocks,  anU  HgaSni*  tne  indorser  of  negotiab!t> 
(japer,  th«  j^ttfrtiff  murt  ptwe  as  well  as  atkve 
that  the  pi^wr  w«.-»  duly  presented  for  acceptance 

lis  ff '•^•.  ^^:^^:^k 


or  for  payment  and  dishonored,  and  that  due 
notice  thereof   was  given  to  the  defendant. 
When  an  action  against  the  drawer  or  indorser 
IS  brought  upon  a  bill  that  has  been  accepted, 
payable   at   a   particular   bank   or   place,   the 
plaiiitiff  must  prove  a  presentment  for  payment 
at  the  place  designated  in  the  acceptunce,'  and 
within  the  usual  hours  oi  buninmis.i     Where  a 
I  bill  is  drawn  pavable  a  certain  number  of  day* 
after  sight,  or  after  demand,  the  plaintiiT  must 
prove  a  presentment  to  the  drawee  for  accept- 
ance  as  a  means  of  fixing  the  time  of  [wymeiti;* 
but  this  is  not  necessary  where  a  bill  is  drawn 
payable  so  many  days  or  manti  »  after  date.    In 
an  action  against  a  dr.wer  or  indorser  of  a 
foreign   bill,  the  plaintiff  must  prove,  besldfl 
the  presentment  and  notice  of  dishonor,  g  pro- 
lest  for  non-acceptance  or  non-payment.'    The 
protest,  when  made  by  a  notary  in  a  foreign 
State,  and  altested  under  ihe  seal  of  his  officvu 
proves  itself,  and  is  evidence  of  presentmei  !• 
and  refusal."    It  is  well  settled  thai  bills  (.1 
cxchangfc  drawn  in  one  State  of  the  Union  ai<d 
payable  m  another  are  foreign  bills,  within  tlie 
meaning  of  the  rule  which  makes  the  notarial 
protest  prima  fan*  evidence   of  the  present- 
ment and  dishonor  of  such  bills.* 

Limitation.     See  General  Statutes, 

— —  Pleadsno.*    Forms  of  pleading  are 
Tiiuqh  changed.    The  ponies  are  required  to 
P*?*'.!^P*«»'"ff*e  f«>ts  which  conititule  the 
plaintiff  s  cause  of  action,  or  the  defendant's 
ground  of  defence  in  the  manner  prescribed  by 
the  law ;  and  the  rules  by  which  the  sufficiency 
of  the  p!eadin5{s  is  to  be  determined  are  tho4 
established  by  the  law.     Th?  action  must  be 
brought  in  the  name  of  the  lawful  holder  ond 
owner  of  the  paper,  and  (he  complaint  mu« 
contain  a  statement  of  all  the  facU  necessarv  to 
be  proved  on  the  trial,  in  order  to  entitle  the 
plaintiff  tc  recover  thereon  against  the  defend- 
ant.P     un  executor,  adminsstrsSfH',   guardian, 
trustee  of  an  express  trust,  a  person  with  whom, 
orin  whose  name,  a  contract  is  made  forth* 
benefit  of  another,  or  a  person  expressly  author- 
ised by  statute,  may  bring  an  action  without  join- 
mg  with  him  the  person  for  whose  benefit  the 
anion  is  piosecuted ;  but  generally  every  action 
must  be  prosecuted  in  the  name  of  the  real 
jjarty  m  interest.    The  phrase,  "  a  trustee  of 
tn  express  trust,"  incl-ides  a  person  with  whom 
or  >a  whose  name  a  contract  is  made  for  the 
beuettt  of  another.     Mercantih  agenu  and  fac- 
tors, who,  acsording  to  the  uaa^e  and  cu,«om 
ot  ^aerciiantf.  do  busircss  in  their  own  names     - 
for  wher  parties,  are  trustees  in  fact,  and  are 
entitled  to  sue  on  contracts  made  by  them  with 
third  persons.   Hence  a  fector  taking  a  note  pay 
»b!ft  to  himself  on  the  sale  of  his  principal'sgofli 
IS  ^tma  facie  entitled  to  recover  thereon .« 

The  complaint  laaat  sIriw  the  title  of  the 
fc-i  Carap.  N.   P.  C.  too  ■  «  Id    «u  •  i.  R!>.  >«., .  • 

»48;  iiSand.  i«»     J-a  Sand.  iW;   ly'lohw  »«S      k^ 
Or«nr  Ev.  I  .ys,    |.Ch!t:y  Bill.,  ««;  GreiSj    Ev  i 

<*-4lr9.  %sS«jd.^i6;  Edw-BsUiB^"^    "■ 


^'-'*'^'~Tf-rrfTii<ia'i^|iiig 


i«"'i>'vw»wiiniiniaiiBH 


i 


in 


SILLS,  BONDS,  AND  NOTIS. 


plaiBltff.  If  th«  action  b«  brought  in  the  nam* 
of  an  indortce  a|j;iii!iM  ih«  malteri  uf  a  prunil*- 
■ory  nottj  lh«  contplalv^t  mu»t  thow  by  aome 
tuitabia  avarmcnt  that  the  note  has  been  in- 
domed  or  traniferred  tu  the  plaintiff,  lo  that  h« 
it  the  holder  and  owner  of  the  note.'  In  an 
action,  ccunter-claim,  or  let-ofT,  founded  upon 
an  account,  prumiiwory  note,  bill  of  exchange, 
or  other  inttrument,  for  the  unconditional  pay- 
ment of  money  only.  It  U,  in  general,  tufficient 
for  the  pturty  to  give  a  copy  of  the  account  or  in- 
ttrument, with  all  creditx,  and  the  indortementi 
thereon,  and  to  itate  that  there  ii  due  to  him, 
on  «uch  account  or  initrument,  from  the  adverse 
party,  a  specified  sum,  which  he  claims  with 
interest.  When  othen  than  the  makers  of  a 
promissory  note,  or  the  acceptors  of  a  bill  of 
exchange  are  pallet  in  the  action,  it  it 
necessary  to  state,  also,  the  kind  of  liability  of 
the  several  parties,  and  the  facts  as  they  niav  be, 
which  fix  their  liability.  In  an  action  brought  by 
the  payee  against  the  maker,  it  is  sufficient  to 
allege  the  making  of  the  note,  give  a  copy  of  it, 
and  claim  the  amount-  due  thereon  from  the 
defendant  to  the  plaintiiT.*  So  in  an  action  by 
the  payee  against  the  acceptor  of  a  bill  of  ex- 
change, it  is  sufficient  for  the  plaintiff  to  give  a 
copy  of  tbe  bill  and  of  the  acceptance  in  the 
complaint,  and  allege  that  the  plaintiff,  who  is 
the  {Myee  of  the  bill,  is  the  holder  and  owner 
of  it  i  that  no  part  of  it  has  been  paid,  but  that 
the  whole  amount  of  it  it  juttly  due  to  the 
plaintiff  from  the  defendant/  At  against  the 
maker  it  it  sufficient  to  allege  tliat  the  payee,  to 
whose  order  the  note  wat  made  payable,  trani- 
fsrred  it  by  an  indortement  in  blank,  and  that 
it  was  ai^erward  transferred  to  the  plaintiff  who 
it  the  owner  and  holder  of  the  note.*  At  afdntt 
a  remote  indoraer,  it  it  enough  to  allege  tiie 
making  of  the  note  or  bill  in  a  negotiable  form ; 
that  it  wat  regularly  indorsed  to  the  defendant ; 
that  he  transferred  it  bv  an  indoitcment  in 
blank,  and  that  it  wat  tulMeq  ently  trantferred 
to  the  plaintiff;  and  it  it  not  incumbent  upon 
the  plaintiff  to  prove  on  the  trial,  either  the 
handwriting  of  the  (irawer,  or  an/  of  the  in- 
d6neroents  antecedent  to  that  of  the  defendant, 
for  each  indorsement  adiibitt  tbe  gcnninenea* 
of  the  paper  and  all  prior  indoiteiiMiiU.*  When 
•  note  it  made  payable  to  the  «r4er  of  a  par- 
ticular penon,  and  he  tnntfei*  the  tame  far 
.value,  withont  indortement,  the  purchater  or 
attignee  mav  recover  on  it,  under  the  present 
practice,  in  nis  own  name,  and  U  not  compiled 
to  allege  or  pro**  a  transfer  by  indorsement" 
Substantially  tbe  same  rules  of  pleading  apply 
in  an  action  against  the  acceptor  of  a  Wa,  as 

»-j  Duer,  All.  i|-io  How.  Pr.  m.  W"-  Duar,  ^ 
ThK  ccmplaint  nuH  show  thai  tiM  biU  hat  b«veiiw  Am, 
»i<i  should  claim  lnMrt«t  rrom  a  day  mmAmI,  haslde* 
•.nM*.  M-s  Sand.  jt.  It  being  aveireddiat  (ha  noia  or 
bill  paJrak.^lt  to  order  was  Indoisad 
It  i<i  MiMckint  In  an  I 

and  gcnarally  that  _        _ 

pbiniiff.  u  H4W.  Pr.  460;  116  Id.  14J.  Tk*  fitlMir 
neednotavcratnnsftirlomiMBnby  iMonmuml.  11 
Harb.<w:   la  How.  Pr.  t<6;   tt  Id  iso      t-»  Camy. 


;t.    It  being  a*«n«d  tnat  um  noia  or 

ir  was  Indoiiad  by  th*  payee  la  Mank , 

action  by  th<  tndoKc*  10  avir  hnli«f 

It  wat  amrwaid  innafcrfod  w  tho 


in  action  againat  the  maker  of  a  promissory 
note;  for  each  uf  them  is  the  party  primarily 
liable  on  the  instrument,  which  is  in  both  caici 
an  instrument  for  the  payment  of  money  only.' 
There  need  be  no  difference  between  a  com 
plaint  in  favor  of  the  payee  of  a  note  or  bill, 
and  a  complaint  in  favor  of  the  indorsee,  tt- 
cept  that  in  the  latter  case  there  should  b«  an 
allegotion  showing  a  transfer  or  indorsement 
of  the  paper  to  the  plaintiff.  On  a  note  pay- 
able to  a  particular  Mrton  or  bearer,  it  is  suffi- 
cient for  the  plaintiff  to  allege  the  making  and 
delivenr  of  the  note  to  the  payee,  and  that  the 
plaintiff  it  now  the  lawful  holder  and  owner 
of  the  note,  Mating  at  usual  the  amount  due 
upon  it.*  When  an  indortee  bringt  an  action 
againtt  the  maker  or  acceptor  of^a  note  or 
bill  payable  to  a  particular  person  or  order,  it 
is  obvious  that  the  complaint  should  show  that 
the  payee  indorsed  the  paper  and  that  it  was 
transferred  to  the  plaintiff.*  Against  an  in- 
dorser,  it  it  necettary  to  allege  the  making  of 
the  note  or  bill,  detcribing  it  according  to  in 
legal  effect,  or  giving  a  copy  thereof;  that  the 
defendant  indoned  the  tame  to  the  plaintiff,  or 
to  a  prior  party  through  whom  he  derivet  title ; 
that  the  Mme  wat  duly  pretented  to  the  maker 
or  acceptor  for  payment  when  the  tame  became 
due,  and  wat  duhonored ;  and  that  the  defend- 
ant wat  dulv  notified  of  the  dithonor.  Demand 
and  notice  being  conditiont  precedent,  may  be 
alleged  in  the  manner  specified  hv  the  code; 
where  the  code  prevailt,  otherwite  bv  the 
common  law.r  The  plaintiff  must  plead  spe- 
cially the  facu  dispensing  with  the  denand  atid 
notice.*  In  all  actions  uptui  negotiable  paper 
the  answer. mui,t  traverse  some  matter  of  fact, 
such  as  the  drawing,  or  making,  or  indorsing,*  or 
accepting  or  pteAenting,  or  notice  of  dishonor ; 
and  new  matters  of  confession  and  avoidance 
mast  be  pleaded  specially .h 

In  all  actions,  allegations  of  the  execution 
of  written  instruments  nttd  indorsemenu  thereon 
will  be  Uken  as  true,  unless  the  denial  of  the 
same  be  verified  bf  the  affidavit  of  the  party, 
his  agent  or  attorney. 

■til  mr  rMPMlMHW*.  8«*  Paacnca. 
.  aiii  mt  «*•■■  A4IVMs««u«.  Sm  Mabitims 
Law. 

§11  mt  ■««Uk.  Sm  MsakaHTitt  Law. 
M  9t  IsilltvaMMlMS.  »••  PaAcnca. 
y  m€  imUmUjuttf.  Sea  Paacnca. 
11  sT  t ■<!■«.  S«a  B*tiMmm:  MsacoimLS 

.  mUUkmifSBSiMmi* rmmmiUmm.  SmCbumm 
Law. 

BUI  *t  MiBualn,  Sn  BaiLMBirrsi  Caamtm 
Coaoiaaa. 

*oa.  «>n  Mow.  Pr.  a^ ;  ■  Dour,  609  :t  Kbb.  Pr.  «in 
W-17  BnA.  sjsi  3  Konaa.  ju.  x^TIm  iadofsamnu 
hum  is  sataallid  10  convajr  the  Inotnuaaai  as  BagotiaUe 
iwpef.  r-i  How.  Pr.  yof.  Oa  on  "  lostnuacat  for  the 
paymant  of  aHMMy  only,"  it  is  mot^^  to  give  a  eepf  of 
it,  aod  aiala  th«  aauMM  duo  to  tha  olaMf  dmoon ; 
but  aa  aetioa  at  -<tt  an  indorsar  is  fbaaMoatna.A- 
itmna-Ji  aad  oenwd  «aMteticfiKi«  wIMek  on  ascaiasr] 
to  ba  avamd  and  pmivad,  •  Haw.  Vr,  <tj  t  faL  400;  < 


i'--«i4i 


ri'wiWMiiniMiM  wiirmiiiiiaaa 


KSifil 


BONDS  OR  OBLIGATIONS. 


««k«r  of  •  promiuory 
ii  the  Mrtjr  pnmariljr 
,  which  U  in  both  due* 
kymeiu  of  money  only.' 
srence  between  •  com- 
•yee  of  a  not*  or  bill, 
or  of  the  indor«e«,  ex- 
u«  there  ihould  b«  an 
nn*fer  or  indortement 
intiff.  On  •  note  pay- 
ion  or  bearer,  it  i«  luffi- 
kltege  the  malting  and 
the  payee,  and  that  the 
rftti  nolder  and  owner 
ttnual  the  amount  due 
donee  briMi  an  action 
icceptor  oi  a  note  or 
ular  person  or  order,  it 
plaint  ihonid  ihow  that 
paper  and  that  it  wm 
ntifl.'  Againtt  an  in- 
>  allege  the  making  of 
>ing  it  according  to  in 
copy  thereof;  that  the 
ume  to  the  plaintiff,  or 
whom  he  dcrivca  title ; 
presented  to  the  maker 
when  the  tame  became 
i  {  and  that  the  defend- 
the  dishonor.  Deiuand 
lona  precedent,  may  be 
specified  by  the  code; 
lis,  otherwise  by  the 
aintiff  must  plead  spe- 
ig  with  the  dfr  nand  and 
upon  negotiable  paper 
w  some  matter  of  fact, 
lakinf ,  or  indorring,*  or 
or  notice  of  dishonor ; 
ifeasioo  and  avoidance 

tioos  of  the  execution 
id  indonements  thereon 
lieu  the  denial  of  the 
I  affidavit  of  the  party, 

I*.  8m  PaAcnca. 
Mtiw*.  Sm  Mabituis 

MailcAimi.a  Law. 
n.  »M  PaAcncK. 
w.  SaaPaACTtca. 
BAiuuMTa:  MaacANnui 

.8m  Pbactkb. 

■  BOHB. 

HMilttaa.  SMCaiMwtii 
M  BAiumnai  Commmi 

Dutr,  fa; :  ■  Bibb.  Pr.  403 
1 341.  m*T1»  iadonamcai 
M  inilnHatnt  as  awBtial>lc 
Oa  aa  "lastnuMatfer  the 
IS  «am«b  to  giv«  a  mn  of 
•  Id  tbt  alafiHi|t  tkonon : 
oiMT  is  totMM  oa  tn<  .if 
e  fact*  wiMdt  ars  ascaissry 
Hov.nr.tt:  CUiao:  5 
••^m:  s  "*•««!  sM. 

U  SOS*     w  S^'IiS  twMit  339* 


S!!!  •tWnrtl«ii|i»»».  Rm  P«AcncB. 
tiUltiiT*'  **"  B^«<>i«-IC«a«wo;    MaacAH 

5}.'.'  SL '^•f- «"  p«*rTicB. 

5!!!  ^a»<'  8"  I  ONTiiAtTa, 

■III  Af  r«rp«tM«t«  TmHImmiv.  8m  Psac 

TIC»  * 

■   ;     .  «■!«  TlMSlt.   •<«.   P«ACTIC«. 

-^    .•  aMctviskto.   Sm  BouK-KsaMNo 

CAH-^j.B  Law. 

■  Ill  Cf  M«|tl.    Sm  CoHTKACTfc 


m 


Ij    Mh 


5!1!  Sf  "*f''*!  ^  Ml«<  AHTH.B  Uw. 


SiSi!"*?"*-  S««  Arrii.,?ric».Mi». 

2l«l?il?^'^'^^'"'""*»■*^''i  Pbacucb. 
■JIS^fMI*.  8m  Comthacth, 

BiMkh  jn«l|.  Sm  Chiminal  Uw. 
■l«Hll.  SMCowTBAr,*;  Evidbncb. 
BUNk   Ui4*ra«NS<>iit.    Sm   Biti« 

CHANOB  AMD  Promimoht  NoTn 


or   Ex- 


■•?*f  ^t"*';  **•  t-o'-'NAL  Law, 
w"tiJIo«'  A"<">avits;   Coirr«ACT»-    Wiixs; 

5!?*!i*fy-  %•  iKTMMATioNAi  Law. 
«nr^  PaawnAL  Rblatiowi   Rblation- 

hiTmbT**'*    ***  "*"-''"^;  CoinnAciii:   Ihn- 
2*  ..*•  !••  MABtTiMB  Law;  Saib. 

n^S22*^?*?-   3"<^»««>«ATIOIIS. 
JJ2*5  ■••••  S««  CoNTBACTS. 

LATiS!!?****  ^~  A»riiaj«TicMHi»:  PaasoKAi.  Ra- 

.Ulisi.S^S;:;.'^,."^   CoHVaVA-CM.   «.«;'  ^ 

A  BOND  1»  an  obligation  in  writing,  and  un- 
der  seal..  It  mav  be  single-.  simSe  obliga- 
tion~as  where  the  obligor  binds  or  obliies 
hnnself.  hU  heirs,  executon,  and  administra- 
tors,  to  pay  a  certain  sum  of  money  to  another 
on  a  day  named  It  may  be,  and  usually  Is, 
conditional,  as,  that  if  the  obligor  does  some 
particular  act,  the  obligation  shall  be  void,  or 
else  remain  in  full  force  and  effect. 

A  bond  absolute  for  the  payment  of  money 
mffers  from  a  promissory  note  only  in  having  a 

A  cotmri*  BOND  is  a  bond  to  indemnify.* 

A  POKTHCOMING,  RBDKLIVSRY  OR  REPLEVIN 

BONO  h  a  bond  given  for  the  security  of  the 
'heriff,  constable,  or  other  officer,  conditioned 
to  produce  the  property  attached  or  levied  on 
when  roquired.^ 

Joint  ronu  arc  the  bonds  of  two  or  more 
oliligors.  Acttona  to  enforce  them  must  be  Nnt 
aeainu  them  all. 

Joint  AND  «bveralbonm  are  the  bonds  of 
two  or  mora  oUigon,  who  bind  themselves 
lomtly  and  tevenlly  to  the  obligees.    The 

i  im  ^b«  J  "r^^i?=  •  I*  ^i  '»  c3k 

Bhckf.  Ks.    |.,j  Ho,  ... .  Mt  lo^in'  St.  5*  i-io 


ohiigecs  can  sue  all  the  obligors  in  such  a  bond 
Jointly,  or  any  one  of  them  teparatelv,  for  the 
whole  amount,  but  cannot  bring  a  joint  actioa 
against  a  part— that  it,  treat  it  as  joint  with 
some  and  several  as  to  other*.  Upon  payment 
of  the  whole  by  one  of  such  obligors,  a  right 
to  contribution  arises  in  his  favor  against  the 
other  obligors. 

CONDITION,  "he  condition  is  a  vital 
|>art  of  a  coiuliiicmal  jnd,  and  generally  llmila 
ond  determines  the  amount  to  l>e  (Mid  in  case  of 
a  breach,*  but  interest  and  costs  may  be  added; 
A  condition  annexed  to  a  bond  is  termed  a 
defeasance.  A  condition  defeating  a  convey- 
ance of  land  in  a  certain  event  is  called  a 
mortgage.  Conditions  annexeil  to  realty  ore  to 
l>e  distinguished  from  limitations.  A  stranger 
may  lake  advantage  of  a  limitation,  but  only 
the  gr-ntor  or  obligor,  or  his  heirs,  can  take 
advantage  of  a  condition.s 

Conditions  must  be  made  at  the  same  time 
M  the  original  contract,  conveyance,  or  obliga- 
tion, but  may  be  by  a  separate  instrument, 
which  is  then  considered  aa  constitulina  one 
transaction  with  the  original.* 

Unlawful  conditions  are  void.  Conditions 
in  restraint  of  marriage  generally  are  held  void  ' 
Otherwise  of  conditions  re«  raining  from  mar- 
riage to  a  particular  person,  or  restraining  a 
widow  from  a  second  marriage^  A  condition 
in  general  restraint  of  alienation  is  void,»  but  a 
condition  restraining  alienation  for  a  limited 
time  may  be  good.* 

Amionment.  The  rule  that  a  condition  can- 
not be  asained,  and  thai  no  one  but  the  heir* 
can  take  advantage  of  a  breach,  does  not  uni- 
formly  obtain  in  modem  times,  and  in  many  of 
the  State*  the  common  law  rule  ia  broken  in 
upon." 

Construction.  Conditions  which  go  to 
defeat  an  eatate  or  destroy  an  act  are  strictly 
construed ;  while  those  which  go  to  vest  an  e» 
tate  or  enforce  an  act  are  liberally  construed.* 
The  condition  of  an  obligaflon  is  said  to  be  in 
the  language  of  the  obligee,  and  for  th«t  reason 
is  to  be  construed  liberally  in  favor  of  the 
?*'.L.  ^'  whenever  an  obligation  Is  im. 
posed  by  a  condition,  the  construction  ia  to  be 
favorable  to  the  obligee.* 

Form.  Any  words  sfittable  to  indicate  the 
intention  of  the  parties  may  be  used  in  the 
creation  of  a  condition,  as  "On  condition." 

Provided  always."  "Provided  neverthelei*> 
"  For  that,"  etc.  '  ' 

TTie  word*  of  condition  need  be  in  no  p«^ 
licular  place  in  the  instrument.* 

Ekfect.  The  effect  of  conditions  may  be 
Ent.  L.  4  Eq.  130;   tSlai.  CI.  (N.  S.)..*:   «WsM. 

k  R.  «jj  I  Warn,  j«9;   ,0  Id.  «j.    sss-iV  s  i*R 
:  i«  Psim.  S^  •»:  J  Pick,  ^sf  10  iT  ^{  "i 

»  Sumo.  C.  C.  440.    ^-l  't.  R.  ^5i  «  la.  Wt.  '^ 


ik 


''OIWWIMMMWBaiSWta^.,. . 


OR  OBUUA-rtol«fl. 


to  wnpeml  th*  oMIgillon  t  m^  If  I  Mnd  njr^^lf 
to  ronv*/  nn  «kUI«  i><  you  on  condliKw  Vtat 
V(>u  #nt  j»y  m«  one  ihoutKnd  dollar  in  Uiit 
cMe  no  olii^ll'im  •tUl*  ntil  iht  cui^  tlon  < 
Mtrfonntd  .  or,  .,  lo  rctciri'!  'h*  oMis*  on  i  . 
(f  v<iu  agrv*  to  buy  my  houitc  on  coimukm  iti 
it  11  ttandliig  unimptircd  im  (h«  Itnth  ot  li*y  i 
or,  I  convey  to  yuu  my  firm  on  comlMoa  witt 
th«  cnnvryrnc«  ihall  Ui  vokl  H  T  \mf  W»  oa« 
thouMiiil  dollwK  I  in  aucli  omm*  ih«  oM^jp^Mi 
k  r«!u;in<led  by  lh«  Bonp«rfonn«nc«  <  .}|«  eon- 
ditioni  or,  3,  it  maj"  modiry  the  prtviou*  oMi- 

!|Rtioni  •«,  if   I  l»na  oiyMir   to   conv«y   my 
arm  to  vou  on  IIm  paymaiii  of  fiva  thouiN>^  1 
dultart  ii  you  pay  in  l>ank  itmk,  or  «k  th> 
•and  if  )    i<  |i«y  in  money  {  or  in  <;aie  of  gi! 
Im()u«*I  ni«y  <|ualiry  th*  gift  or  b«quMt  aa 
amount  or  perMim*. 

Th«  effect  of  a  condition  pr«c«d«nt  la,  wh«h 
performed,  to  vcat  an  eatair  givt  riaa  to  an 
obligation,  or  enlarge  an  titate  already  vested.* 
Unleaa  a  condition  precedent  bt  performeil  'lO 
citat*  will  veat;  and  lliii  even  where  the  pi 
forinance  ia  prevented  by  act  i  •(  God,  ur  of  the 
law.'  Not  ao  if  pt«vtnle<i  by  th«  party  im- 
poiing  it.* 

If  a  condition  aubaaquent  was  void  at  its 
creation  or  becomes  imposaible,  unlawful,  or 
in  any  way  vuiu.  th*  calaie  or  obligation  r«- 
maina  intact  anil    >i«olute.* 

In  case  of  a  cunditlon  broken.  If  the  grantor 
Is  in  poaaeaaion  the  estate  revests  at  once.* 
Bat  if  the  grantor  ia  out  of  poaaeaaion  he  muat 
enter,*  and  is  th«B  in  vested  of  his  previous  es- 
tate* 

Pekpokmancb  should  be  complete  and  ef- 
fectual.* An  incortalderoble  casual  failure  to 
perform  ia  not  non-performance.'  Any  unn 
who  haa  an  inlereat  in  the  eaUte  may  petform 
the  condition  i  but  a  stran^r  gets  no  l>enefit 
from  performing  it.*  Conditions  precedent,  if 
annexed  to  land,  are  to  be  strictly  jieiformed, 
even  when  affecting  marriflt,  *  Conditions 
precedent  can  gencrellv  be  exactly  performed; 
equity  will  not  generally  interfere  to  avoid  the 
consequence  of  non-performance.**  But  in 
csHcs  of  conditions  sbbsequeit* .  equitv  will  In- 
terfere where  there  was  evein  a  panial  perform- 
ance, or  where  there  is  only  a  delay  in  per- 
formance.* This  is  the  ground  of  equitable 
jurisdiction  over  mortgages. 

Noii-performance  m  a  condition  whirh  was 
poasible  at  the  time  of  its  making,  but  which 
has  since  become  impossible,  is  excused  >'  the 
'impossibility  is  causc<l  by  act  of  God,*  or  by 
act  of  law,  if  it  wm  lawful  at  its  creation  ;*  or 
by  act  of  the  party,  as,  when  the  one  imposing 
the  obligatioa  accepU  another  thinQ  in  satis- 


fiselioD,  or  renders  At  jpeifct—wae  laqMHtklt 
by  hi«  own  default.'    tf  ptHbnwnce  on  one 
past  becuniea  impoaaibia  ny  Ml       ^^  ^, 
whsit  will  III  tfff^naral  be  cacttaed.a 

Wticrt  coitdiitona  are  liberally  conatruvi.  . 
(trid  (wrformaiica  ia  requlrr  ;  wlitr*  condi 
tkMM  >■  f  Mrietly  conatraed  .  us— mhly  .  ,.( 
perfoimii    ce  la  suflKient. 

If  the  1    ice  of  perfomiinca  Iw  *tr»ed  U| 
(Wither  jMirty  alone  '    n  (hangc         but  eiihcr 
h  the  cons'-'ii    i(  the  <Hnei.* 

..  whci     no  time  •!'  performance  i 

yviiu  bu  the  lietirlit  of  '^•f  centra*  I 

m  the  condition  wli> «  'i*m,  at 

iring  hi*  life,'  and  nee       oi  d«  ii 

^edJ    But   '        "iinpl  |««ffiM«aiice 

r  .  .jrv  10  carry  will  uf  •  t«||Mor, 

>•    <hi:i   ry  cannot  have  *  lifetime    i  which 

to  peilunn    he  conditkm.'     In   thit   caae  no 

previous  dr^ii.  md  ia  n«>c«lMry.i    Dui  even   hen 

a  reaiumtii   r    ime  it  allowed* 

DATE  AND  DELIVERV.    The  d 
i:.       it  considcf-ii  ol   the  substam-i;    ''  a  deed; 
id  which  either  h.      >o  date, 
^,  ia  atill  good,  provided 
>ng  dated  or  giv.n,  that  it, 
proved.*     Il  mu»t  be        v 

nwhoae   bond    it   ia 
elivery  and  acceptan 


may  wt 


»-  til 


an 

or 

thie  reai 

deli  vert 

ered  bj 

other.* 

bt 

t\ 
a  bond 


herefore  a  t 

iO'noesib' 


yol 


'URB.  Upon  the  forfcuare  : 
cuu  .!>  will  not  permit  a  man  to  take 
more  than  hia  principnl,  interest,  and  expenses, 
in  coae  the  forfeiture  accrued  by  non-pavment 
of  money  borrowed,  damagea  sustained  upon 
the  non-perfoiwiance  of  covenants,  and  the 
like. 

In  caae  of  a  bond  conditioned  for  the  pay- 
ment of  money,  th«  payment  or  tender  of  the 
principal  mm  due  with  interest  and  coots,  even 
though  the  bond  were  forfeited  and  suit  com- 
menced thereon,  is  a  satisfaction  and  discharge.* 

If  a  bond  lie  dormant  for  twenty  years  it 
cannot  afterwards  be  recovered,  for  the  law 
raises  a  presumption  of' its  having  been  paid, 
and  the  defendant  may  plead  sohn't  «/  ditm 
(he  paid  at  the  day)  to  an  action  upon  it'  In 
Home  casen,  under  particular  circumstances, 
even  a  leas  time  may  found  a  presumptioa.* 

The  statute  u  to  the  prcsamption  ol  payment 
after  twenty  years  is  in  the  nature  of  a  statbte 
of  liiEitations.  It  is  available  as  a  bar  lo  an 
action  to  recover  on  the  instrument,  but  not 
where  the  partv  asks  affirmative  relief  based 
upon  the  fact  of  paymert.* 

OBLIGATION  OP.  Sea  CoNTRAcn, 
ante. 

FORMAL  RBQUiaiTBS.    The  inatm. 

Mc.  jas.   A-to  rUk.  .tai.  v-*  Moitr.  ift :  nfm*.  St. 

Si.    fCai  Pieh.  A ;  i  Falne.  C.  C.  «s« ;  «  Pf. ) 
m.  UB.    «->  M*.  ft  P.  a^ai  Cra.  KBa.  afe;  , 
I  U.  KsKOi.  arg.    Il-i  Rota,  444;  ti  Vl,  ttf 


C.  C.  «sa;  e  Pf.  Mil  • 


t-a  M.  CMBm.  34«. 
.  171 ;  Cewp.  109. 


t-nN.V.4a»:  Hia-*n- 


•>it. 


aaaMM 


■BlltJS  OR  OitlOATIOHI. 


lit 


wifonunM  iaifMMi)i)« 
I  pcrfennane*  on  one 
I  l>y  act        ♦"^i  ' 

I  Itbertrty  ConttfWrf  a 

nanc*  tM  •f»«e(t  U). 

(titngt         b«t  tiiher 

lh«  <)«hei.» 
imi  if  ptrfonune«  h 

ll«llfltl  of  'h«  CMItnct 

on  will  •<  ''MM,  n 

I,'  tnd   nee         at  do   ii 

■  nrnmol  i>«r<muuie« 
t  the  will  uf  ■  t«Mlor, 
ivfl  •  llfeiinw  u)  wUch 
n.'  In  khlt  CMC  m> 
■Miv.i    flM«v«i   htn 

Wfd* 

-IVEltV     Tlw  ti 

B  subMaii^^  *'  t  drcU; 
lich  either  h.  o  ttate, 
U  Mill  gofx),  i»ro«Mctt 
dated  or  gi  ■  n,  that  it, 
d.»  II  mu»t  hf  iv 
Dae  bona  it  io 
ry  and  acctptai 

Upon  the  forfitrurt 
permit  a  man  to  take 
inlerett,  and  expcntet, 
:crucd  by  non-payment 
images  luttained  upon 
>f  covenants,  and  the 

indilioned  for  the  pay- 
ment or  tender  of^tbe 
interest  and  coola,  even 
forfeited  and  rail  com- 
ifaction  and  diKhtrge.4 
nt  for  twenty  veait  it 
ecovered,  for  the  law 
-  its  having  been  paid, 
r  plead  toMt  ad  Htm 
in  action  upon  it'  In 
rticttlar  circumstances, 
ind  A  preaumptton.* 
tresimption  oT  payment 
the  nature  of  a  atattite 
railable  as  a  barlo an 
lie  instntinent,  but  not 
iffirmaiive  relief  based 
•t.« 
P.    Sec   CoNr«Acrs, 

ISITBS.    Theinatm- 

M  MoMr.  ifB :  t  Pen*.  Si. 

l*:_Cro.  KHcelojiCa. 


ti  VcAif!  } 

-.  Ut». 


Stay,  440:  II  ub.  (M.  ■*• 
■ff;«Mi  4  W.mH.  •^T. 


'•'-m\ 
in 

!  kbond 

Amm  wm  the 

^lain  cli 


n   M  mmk  ba  In  wriiinf  and  M«le<i     » 

where  pHvaic  i««li  are  al> 
sUi,,       r  otherwise  I  whrr«,  howeve I  »n 

re<|uii  «  i-alini,  mfficicm  wliere  th.  id  I* 
m*'  I  !  lunlcleni  (hough  it  miuhi  i*  nn 

Ins  .ificit,  »««ll'  I  If  li  hailTxen  mode  where 
It  I*  sued  on.'  The  tl||n«iure  (and  teal)  may 
!*•  in  any  part  of  ih«  iniarumeni.* 

Where  a  bond  li  re<jinred  b*  itaiuie,  evety 
material  requirement  mux  be  olitei  it,  If  It 
conlnint  anylhliiK  illegal,  it  is  to  far  vuid.  If  it 
lontainii  anything  <<|w>"  >vm,  it  ti  ■«  far  tr«oie<l 
ai  mere  iiirplutaga  y  material  ihlna  U 

omided,  the  tiatute  it  n      .u«|rilr     wltli.s 
S«e  CnNniTION,  abova. 
PARTIKS.  There  mutt  ' 
s  Tiiiin   cannot  lie  bouml  ti 
connecti'M)  with  olhert.' 

No  person  can  talie  ih« 
except  the  parties  najiietl 
perhape,  in  tome  catet  of  ! 
jierrnrmance  of  their  dutie' 
of  public  uflicen.t 

If  the  bond  nan  to  tevei  .  ^.crtons  |oinlly. 
all  mutt  join  in  tult  for  a  breach,  though  it  lie 
conditioned  for  the  performance  of  dlflerent 
ihingH  for  the  lieneht  of  each  * 

PENALTY.  The  nrindpal  t«m  in  a 
'wnd  it  usually  one-half  of  tha  penal  turn 
specified  in  the  condition.  TThe  recovery 
.iK'Aintt  a  suretT  in  a  bond  fiMr  the  payment  uf 
money  is  not  limited  to  the  penally,  but  may 
exceed  it  so  far  as  necessary  to  include  inlerett 
Trom  the  lima  of  the  breach.  So  far  as  interest 
1^  payable  by  the  terms  of  the  contract,  and 
until  default  made  it  is  limbed  by  the  penally  t 
hut  »fter  breach  it  is  recoverable,  not  on  the 
ground  of  contract  but  at  (ianagca,  which  Um 
law  givea  for  its  vioUtlon.*    . 

■OMU  OB  •BUSATIMr  V«BWk 

S?*.".  •!  "2?"  ^  *''«^  pveeenia  1           ^^ 
That  I,  A.  a.,  of — ..  in  the  aounty  of ,  an4 

paymaM  of dellars,  on  tha 4ay  oF , 

w'llh  Intereet  at  —  fwr  cent,  ser  aaiiani  iter 
which  1  Mnd  myself. 'SVh5Va.~iJStiS^,'aS3 
■dmm  ttretors.  ta  tha  aMi  C.  £,  Ma  aMeiitm! 

—  d?iuS)**"'  "^  ••^■'  <•"  «^P*I^«««  ^ 
W'.tueaa  iny  band  •      laal,  thia day  of . 

A.  a  \st»i.\ 

1 4»r  «»        ittlaM-lllMM 

*a»t  CtmtllUm. 


5ff!*i*4  "if"  "y  *!?•??  Pteeaatni 
_  That  I,  A.  v.,  am  held  aad  traste  heund  unta 

the  Untied  £a»ea  ef  Ametaii, mIITp^ MtSa 


said  C.  D.,  or  hta  eeruin  a 


tigMi  M  wMch  pwie^  wSr%i  ttlrtvta%l 
made.  I  Mod  mjrealr.  my  hSra.  mtuMn.  m2 
.dminiatratera,  Ifanniy  hy  theMMaMMk^ 
U^  veilh  my  0^. "BrtSTttST--  t^ 

I«  teatlMcny  whereof.  I  have  aet  my  hand  and 
seal  to  thGinatniMaM. en  the ~-. dy  •?--! 

^eeaemia  as  W.  T.,  N.  1.  / 

«hi  BoMw.  C.  C.  it»:  dVl.  40.    «4  CsiiNa  i6e 


••tt4  •»  •llH|ntlt«ll-«Nw«Ma 

Knuw  ell  men  liy  ihsea  praaentei 

Thai  I,  A.  a,  •rihe  town  %t  — ,  la  the  teanty 
jf    --,  and  lute  el  — .  am  h.ld  and  Armly 
keund  unl*  (.  D..er      -  m  the  »u,n  of  on*  iheu- 
tand  dellsr*.  la  b«  paid  la  iht  tald 
eatcuiort,  admlnlstraiaft  er 

■aymanl.  w«l|  and  truly  «e _  ..., 

|elr,    my  htirs,  •aseutett   and   admlnwlrata«i. 


1  in*  »uin  «r  ens  Ihau- 
la  Ih*  Mid  C.  O.,  hia 
er  atal(n*  \  for  whith 
t  be  made,  I  iNnd  my- 


Armly  hV  ihtte'presenit 
aled  with  my  teal. 


•eel 


Dated  the  —  day  ef 


The  londiilan  sf  1 


fLI.V.  TJ"- i-'  '  •*?"•  ehlljailen  It  tuth  1 
bai  If  tha  abeva-bouadan  A.  t.  hIa  hain,  •«. 
eeuteis,  er  admlnltiratars,  shall  w«ll  and  u  )v 
•ay.  at  taut*  to  ha  paid,  unie  tha  abovs-nam.d 
C.  D.,hla  tatciitatt,  adminiMtaiam  or  aaMans. 
«)■  •  jutt  and  full  turn  af  Avt  hundrsd  dollara,  in 
««•  tqual  annual  paymanu,  from  <h»  dale  here- 
of, with  annual  inlarast,  «h«n  iht  «Ik>v«  oMi>a- 
tian  to  b«  vaid  1  otherwise  te  remain  in  full  '  ria 
and«lit.i«.  A.  B.    li*./.j 


•ealod  and  d«l(vwad  In     I 


preaonta  ef  W.f., 


ff^mt. 


■•wtl  Mr  OMlMU«N-««itMttl 

!f  "o*  all  men  by  Aieee  prteenta ' 

That  I,  A.  ■..  oflhe  lowa  of .  tn\he  ceunly 

ef  -  ~^nd  ttaia  ef  -^   ,  marthant.  am  hald  and 

«•  »•  «"■  •' deWata  (*#»»  imun  Hupn<tt,mm, 

•**li'5T*'.*'  «"•**'*'  ««r«a<  ^It*  truKtt»\ 
mm  mtnm4l0i*  <w««W,  m  tr^r  /«  r«wr  tmltrm^ 
nttt.ts/nift,  mmd  Mktr  i*mtii^mtf)  good  and 
lawAtl  money  of  the  United  Itates.  to  be  paid 
**'•.••'*  Sl.°\.^  eaeeutore.  admlntairaiersVer 
•^"^  J^w?"/**»  Wl"»"»v*«"  •**  «"'ly  «•  be 
"l**!*'.'  **  ***"'  '*V*W,  my  halre,  eaecuKwe,  and 
adminletratara,  Armly  by  tliaae  preaenu. 
^  Naiad  with  my  aeal,  and  tialad  tha day 

Tha  oMdlHon  of  thIa  ablltatlon  la  aueh . 
That  If  the  ahova-houndea  A.  »..  hie  helra.  aa. 
!!^.!^i*J!!^£*''*'"'»»"»«»"'  •»  •»>'  •'  »»••«.  •hall 


abav»«am«dc!o.',  his  taacutara.  aSminiatratMa 
Of  aaaiflaa,    *,«  juti  arid  lull  aum  af  -— deliara 


(*'r#  imttHit  pr,mifmt  immUit  tttmrHl).  with  In. 
»•/•"•*  !^J**»^  T—  ►•»  «••«•  per  annum  i*r 

•  •*••* '»*«  k«  •"  »ha  year .  without  fraud 

with  Intereet  tbereMi  f r«m  the  dete  hereof  {*r 

IV,  ,R  iho  —  riay  of ,  A  D ).  at  the  rata  of 

—  per  eent.  per  annum  (er  with  le^  ImSiiTiW 

7— iffy  •* •nd  —  (*ikinHhig  Iht  mtmtkt  im- 

ttmM),  In  eaeh  year,  uaur  th«  whelaa?  aaS 
1^  ".  •'•1  aum  bo  ipald.  without  fraud  er  »^ 

CtmllHtt-Hfmt^lm  h^tmnit.  t^mml  Ammmmf, 
IrUk  htHrnt,  Hf. 

,  '■ •««i»al  ravmonta.  ftam  the  data  hereof 

is  "22J«'"!!  •£*•  —-Jay  of — ).  with  1^ 

est  tboeoon,  at  tha  rata  of per  cent,  per  an. 

{Or,  sami-ananaay.  ar  quarterly  on  the  —  dsyt  of 
liUnf*ii.  Ht. 
t^  romMmM  anm  •? —  ««ltani,to  om  mm? 

tttiS^sft-^nsrtJ^^S^ 

w..d.,M.;.-d^i40h2«^.^,^at^.^. 


CraMCat.  lit 
If. 


h~:i-''»*iH%»-- 


~n~m"Tiri» ai m 


■OMDt  OR  OBUOATIOWt. 


MNaM  <*r  •fih  kgil  iMMfwi),  •■  tM  wliota  turn 
r«MalalH(  M«r«l4.  •!  Ih«  Urn*  •!  aMh  |Mym*nt. 

Wlih  MMrrat,  ••  ih«  ral*  •f  ^—  pm 


•MMum      I  Or  wlih  l»il  Initmi  ) 

M«ia  principal  lu  k«  vaU  In aatial  ■niiMl 

l««i*lm*iil*.  wMh  th«  lni«r«il  un  «u«ll  liM|«lJn«a|, 
•n  «h«  —  Jay  al  -   -,  la  fai«|i  yaM, 

(>«.  Vy^Mt  -   />yiM#i>/ /f/)«r   ,mulk^   I'htHi  ^run 
With  Intataai  al  iha  fata  af  •—    Mr  «ani   par 
•MMM.    '  I ''  Wlih  U|<l  inu.Mi  )   Within  tha  tpata 
•f  —  muniha  n««f  aftar  iha  4aaa«aa  af  MT  T., 
«f — ,  mtrthani. 


•V  •Mla»<i*t« -«i«««r«l  r«rNi. 

trnli    '•/  t/««M 

Knaw  all  man  by  ii  Ma  nraatnia  : 

Thai  I.  A.   »  .of  •    .  <ri»  ,,t        ,\m  iha  tiaia 

•r ,amh«IJaaii     'miy  bound  unto  C,  D.,o/ 

— ,  in  Ih*  ium  of  dollara  Umu.    i^  **'  /«•• 

«A/i,  la  ba  paid  to  ih«  laU  C.  u  ,  »)>«  aaacutora. 


admlnlriralai*.  o*  aaaifna.  tar  whli,lh  payinant, 
wall  and  iruly  M  ba  mada,  I  b4nd  rayaalf.  my 
■-tira,  aaacHMfa,  aad  •dnuatairaiata,  iraity  by 

i«a«  praaaata. 

ftalad  with  mtr  aafl,  4««a«  Iha tey  af . 

Tha  caa4uiaa  mt  tha  abava  aMIaatlaa  la  aurh, 

lat  ir  tha  abava<bouadan  A.  a.,blahalra,aa««,- 


Ihat 

utara,  and  admlalatratara,  ar  any  af  ihain,  ahall 
wall  and  irylv  (ay,  or  aauaa  !•  ba  paid,  unt  tha 
abava-namad  C.  O.,  hla  aaaautara.  aJmlmotra- 

tara,  ar  aaatgna,  tha  |aH  and  (Ull  aum  of dol- 

lara,  an  tha day  of        ,  with  iniaraat.  al 

par  earn.  Mrannu-n.pay-A^a  hatf-yaarty  fnkM tha 
data  h«ra*f.  wlthtiul  fraud  ar  athar  dalay,  than 
tha  «b«««  •Miga)  >wn  U»  ba  vaM  i  Mharwiaa,  la  ra- 
main  In  ftoll  fcrca. 

And  It  la  haraby  anprawily  affraarf,  thai,  ahoald 
any  dathulf  ba  mada  In  tha  paymant  aftba  aald  In- 
iaraat, or  of  any  part  tharaaf,  an  any  day  wharaon 
Iha  aama  ta  maia  yayahla.M  ahara  iawaaaad, 
and  ahauM  Iha  aama  ra«Min  aiiMid  and  (n  arraar 

for  Iha  ap«aa  af 4aya,  than  and  fram  thanca- 

rarth— that  la  tb  a«y,  ahar  tha  taaaa  af  tha  aald 

d«y»-tha  albraaald  prinaipal  iam  af dol- 

lara,  with  all  arraarafaa  of  Iniaraat  Iharaan,  ahall 
atihao^lanafthaaaM''  D..arhlaa«aeutara,ad- 
minlatratera,  ur  aaalg na  Daaoma  and  ba  4i>a  and 
payaMa  Immadiataiy  theraaltar.  althoiwh  tha 
partod  drat  abava  llmltad  tor  Iha  paymanf  thara- 
of  may  not  titan  hava  aap  rd,  anything  harain' 
bafora  contalnad  to  tha  ciaifary  iharaoT  In  My< 
wlaa  n«twithata.idlnfl.  A.  •.    \JkU.f 

kaacntad  In  praaanca  of ) 
W.  T..li.  ■.  f 

C»uMi0ii    tmrnrmmtt. 

Tha  aondltlan  of  ttila  abllntlaa  la  auah,  that 
If  tha  abova-boundan  A.  ■„  fila  balra.  •aaeutora, 
and  admlnlatratora,  or  any  of  than,  ahall  and  do 
wall  and  truly  pay,  or  cauaa  to  ba  paid  unto  tha 
abova>Biantlonad  C.  D,,  hla  aaaautarn,  a4mloi»> 

tratora,  or  aaalgna,  tha  Juat  snti  fkiU  «  >m  of 

dellaro,  en  tha day  pf  -.-.,  which  will  ha  In 

tha  yaar .with  Intaraat  tnarton  at par 

cant,  par  annum  (^rwiih  l«g«h  Inumt) :  and  ahall 
haap  tlia  bulMlnga  araetad,  or  to  ba  araetad,  en 
tha  pramlaaa  daacrlbad  In  •  eartain  mertgaca,  aa. 
acutad  by  wa  aald  A.  B.  (knd  W.  B.,  hi*  wisT),  and 
bearing  even  data  harawltb.  and  haing  collateral 
htrato,  Inaured  In  Mme  aelvent  Incorporated  la» 

■uranee  comiwny  or  tha  Stata  of ,  agalnat  loan 

or  damage  by  Are,  to  an  amount  net  leaa  than 

doltarai  and  ahall  aaalgn  the  poUey  t*  be 

taken  for  auch  Inauranca  to  ine  oMIgaa  baralB.or 
hla  aaaeatera,  adminlatrMora.  or  aaaigoa,  aa  «•!■ 
lateral  eoearliy  hereto. 

And  It  ia  hereby  eapreaahr  agreed,  that  la  aaaa 
the  iMurMice  above  mentioned  ahaO  not  be  ef- 
fbcted  or  continued  In  the  mnnner  above  pro- 
vided, that  than  the  aald  okUgae.  kla  eMeatore, 
admlMatr«tOfa,oraaaigBa,  may  elliMt  or  continue 
auch  iMwnwce  la  the  name  of  the  aald  obHgor, 
or  othorwiM,  aad  the  premiama  paid  tharefoint 
rtiall  be  ekargMUe  u  part  of  tho  prwdpal  aum 
Mrainr  MctifM  to  m  MMa 

An*  It  W  baraby  ftorlher  wpraaeiy  agreed,  that, 
ia  aaaa  any  laatalaieBt  of  pnaelpal,  or  any  part 


Iharaaf.  t 

Mf.  I 

and 


afcy 

I 


Inlnaat    manaya,  ar 


•ny  pad 
V  ...  .     '••.  •^•••I  ••ni«ni 

tua  and  unpaid  f»r  ih<  tpac*  uf  4a.,  ,f„, 

Iha  Mm*  •hall,  by  Iha  unn*  l>««aof,  iMism*  au« 
and  |>«yabl«  i  or  uny  Ikmii"-  «  |>r.>nliim<  u*hl  lly  iIm. 
uljllm*  Uf  ha.  f*|,rtMlMall<>«,  «  «li»f«Mlil,  tkall  nm  \m 

rapaid  withm  -^ —  .l«yt  .A««  n.<.tr«  tfiataaf  ki  ilw  «  .1 
A  n  ,  M<  •■•cutan,  lulmiiiUii  r%,  mt  m>||ihi  |h«i 
than  aad  fram  lh«ni>«rari)i  .«t  la  la  •ay,'«tiir 
tha  UifM  of  Mid  da>'«     iti<  what*  |/iln.ip«| 

aum  l<«r«|>y  M«u,«d  to  b«  |»«ld,  liM|««h«f  wiih  all 
orfaafa»»».!(  iniatMl  iho von, •hall, al  lit* Bfuan 
of  ih«  *aid  C.  D.,  hla  •■ctutora.  a<l«lnw«faiar< 
»r  aaalcoa,  ba««m«  4u*  and  t<ayab«a  Awnhwith 
althyiufh  Iha  paflvd  Atti  abova  llmltad  for  th« 

riatrmtnl  Iharaal  may  nal  than  hava  aaplrrd,  any 
hina  h«r«ln  cunlataad  la  Uia  aoalrnry  noiwlifi 
•landing, 

,"?•"<  •*  *MiM«»«l«m    «o«»oral  rarwi. 

Knew  all  man  by  Ihaaa  praaaniai 

That  A,  M.  I*  haM  and  firmly  bound  ante  C.  D. 
'.?  !!••,.?""  ''  — dollera.  lawAil  money  a7ih. 
Unllad  Itait*  01  Amcrlaa.  to  ba  paid  la  Iha  aaitf 
C.  D..er  hlacarialnaltornay.eaeaulara.admlnu- 
tralora,  or  aaalgna;  la  vihtah  payment  wall  and 
truly  lo  ba  mad*.  -  baira,  aaacutara,  aad  ad- 
mtnUtraiof*  ft'mly  by  tiiaaa  praaania. 

jUalad  wlih  hla  aaal,  datad  tha day  of  — ~. 

Tha  cendlllon  of  ihi*  ebUgalten  h- 1 

That  If  Iha  above  bovtidan  A.  ■. ,  hla  halni.  a«a«- 
utora,  adntlnlatrmur*.  »t  any  of  them,  ahall  and  4a 
wall  and  libly  pav.or  a«uaa  |«  b«  p«ld.aaloth: 
above-namadC.  D  ,m  hiealtornav.aaaautora.ad- 
minlatralar*.  or  aaaitf  n«.  Iha  Jual  aum  af  —  dol- 
lara.  without  at«y  r/aud  er  further  delay,  than  tha 
above  abllgatlen  to  be  veld,  or  elaa  to  ba  and  ta- 
main  la  full  force  and  aUtal.  A.  •.    iStmd.X 

Saalad  and  datlvared  la  the  prao- ) 

ancaofW.  r.lTt.  "^      / 

To  A.  A.,  Ba^.,  ailerney  ef  the  — ■  aeurt.  at 

.  In  Iha  county  af .  In  Iha  tlata  ef ,  ar 

to  any  cthar  allornay  of  the  aald  court,  or  of  aay 
aih«r  coiif  I.  ihare  or  aleewhara. 

Wh«r«aa,  A,  ».,  la  and  by  a  certain  obllgatien 
•••'^'"Jl  !?"•!  *•••  •»•»•«»'«».  doaa  atand  bund 

unio  C.  p.  la  the  aum  ef  daUara,  towfal 

inonair  of  tha  United  ttaiee  ef  AmorUa,  aaedt- 
tlonad  riw  1114  t>aymant  of  (»/«/»  w4«r.  «<  a  «»niMii 
profnh»ury  n4iu,  ale. ;  ar  a  cartat*  dalw  cowraciad  fer. 
•ic]  ' 

Ttiaae  are  ta  deelra  and  authorlM  you,  (»9  any 
of  you,  to  appear  fer  ealf>  ^.  B.,  Me  helm,  eaecu- 
tore,  or  admiitletratore.  in  the  aald  court  or  elaa- 
where,  ia  an  aatlaa  of  debt,  there  or  atewliara 
brought,  or  la  ba  brought,  againai  mm,  or  ny 
haira,  fMf utora.  or  admbialrarora,  ai  i»ia  auit  af 
the  aald  C  p.,  kto  aaecutora,  adminiatratata,  ar 
aaalgne,  aa  the  aald  obllgatlan,  aa  af  aay  tona  er 
Ume  paat,  preeent,  er  any  other  aulMatiaent  term 
or  time  there  or  eleewhero  to  be  heidTaiid  caahM 
Judgmeat  therauMm  agalaat  a^a.  or  aty  haIra, 
aaacutore,  or  admlnlatratora,  (ar  the  eun*  of — 
doltara.  debt,  baaldee  eueta  of  euit.  la  aaeh  man- 
ner aa  to  you  ahall  aaem  meet  1  and  for  your,  or 
any  of  your  aa  doing,  thie  ahall  bo  year  aaikiant 
warrant. 

And  I  do  hereby  for  myeelf,  and  for  aay  haita, 
aaecutera.  and  admlnletratora,  ramlae,  Mmm. 
and  fbrevar  «ail-claliii  nata  the  aaM  C.  p.,  or  bw 
•ttorntr,  eaeeutara,  admlalatratara,  aad  aaaif  aa, 
alland  aU  mannorol'enror  aad  errora,  aiiarMSaa, 
miaaatnaa.  detecta  aad  Imaerlbcttoaa  wh««««. 
la  the  eatortag  of  the  aald  J^maat.  >r  aa;r  W 


Btartag 

naeoodi 


touehlag  or  coacomiag  tha  aan^e■ 

la  wkinaaa  whereof;'  ^.•i^■v».  li»ti!(k«»>  aet  aw 
hand  aad  aaal.  the ->"  dai.  af^  * 


*av  it- 
and  daUvara/.  lu  tl>n 

BmmI  •r  •MtaMi 
A»jilk*r—mii  JPar, 

taeaa  pi 


tealed  and 
eaea 


Knew  an  mea  by 
That  1,  A.  B.,ar- 


praaaata  t 
ta  the  aaantf  af 


iSUOHl 


m*Mv«,  M>  any  p«,i 

ba  p*l4.  »h»»  tamain 

ipaca  «r  4»f*»Un 

n*  i<a<««r.  k«<um«  4u« 

.  •   |>r>i«IUfna    u»l,|  |>y  |)|. 

ll>«ra.,l  1,  |)w  ,a„l 
■  "■  ••^'a"<i,  Ihti 
t.  «l  l«  lu  .«,,  ,t»,, 
»  th«  whal«  tMirt«i|>a| 
|t«ld,  lM«ih*r  wiih  all 
>on,ih*n,  ••  «(MU|iiiaii 
:u«af*,  •4mlni4Mr*ti»a, 
nil  |>a)ralit*  ferihwiih, 
abova  Itmita4  for  lh« 


han  bava  aaf  Irid,  an 
tlM  caatrary  naiw 


iny. 


i  -  «*ii«r«l  r«r«w. 

/'  Mmmr/,  fllH    /Vtwr  ^ 

waaanta  i 

'miy  lMuii4  anw  C.  D. 
,  tewftal  in«n««  •!  iha 
M  b«  faM  la  Iha  aaid 
ty.  •■Mui»r«,  •4nitnla- 
>l«lt  paymani  wall  an4 
in,  •aacut*'*,  and  t4- 
f  Out—  ptaaania. 
%4  Iha  —  4ay  af  - 
li«altan  U- 1 

n  A.  B. ,  hia  halra,  aiiaa  - 
ly  of  Iham ,  attall  and  da 
■a  la  b«  ^t4,i,i,(oth« 
iltarnav.  •aacutan ,  ad  • 


la  Jual  twm  i 


dol- 


Airlhar  Miay,  than  iha 
I.  a*  alaaialtaand 


A.  ■. 


and  tt- 

|*a/.| 


af  tha  — ~  aoutt,  ai 
inihallataaf— ,ar 
a  taM  «a«f  It  or  af  aay 
hata, 

>y  a  cartain  oMIffollan 
«h,  daaa  aland  Wund 

f  dallara,  lawrol 

aa  ar  AmarUa.candi- 
{U«lt  wAttl,  01  a  »n  tin 
rlalH  daiN  eomraciail  far, 

amitarlaa  jrmi,  ar  any 
i,  B.,  Ma  kalta,  oaaau- 
tha  a«M  comrt  or  ala«. 
M,  uiara  w  alaBariMn 
t,  aaalnai  mm,  ar  n» 
liratora,  ai  t*i«  aiiH  a? 
tn,  admlnlatrMota.  ar 
ian,  aa  of  any  MrM  ar 
ithar  aviMMtPNnt  larm 
iakahaM,«iii4c«*haa 
Mt  na,  ar  my  bain, 
a,  for  Iha  aunt  af— 
of  anil,  la  aiMli  Mon- 
aat  I  and  far  yattr,  or 
hallka  yaur  awflklaM 

air,  iiMl  far  my  fcaMa, 
tora,  romiaa,  Mmm, 
tho  aaM  C  O.,  ar  fcia 
latratara,  anil  MMgaa, 
Ml  orrara,  mtariiSaa, 
MTMctlaiM  wiMia«4«, 
iMhimant.  -*r  ««/  -^if. 
•«  WTM*^  ar  aryw  la* 

W 


la  aamMy  af-o-,  aM 


■''mjitf 


p,i«i.   .i|i  1.1,11  ,.1(111 


•«iik^ 


Dl 


^ 

^"^. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Ufi  fM   122 

u    liii 


11.25 


fliotDgraphic 

Sciaices 

Corporation 


U   11.6 


23  WKT  MASN  STREST 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14S8C 

(716)872-4303 


-As../vr> 


iw'^».'<I>jW 


6^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Csnadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


SMI 

D.,' 
•urn 
■nd 
to  tl 
or  a 
to  Ik 
■nd 
8a 

~Th 
Th 
tcut 
vrall 
abo« 
lora, 
Jolli 
fora 
void 


To 

of  — 

Wl 

tion, 

unto 

dolla 
tnta 
you, 
ma,  I 
court 
•lc«« 
my  • 
tha  I 


or  an 
cntie 
or  all 
thara 
tratei 
dabt, 
HiM 
maat 


Am 
•dmi 


traioi 
■Ada 
Id  Mm 
caaai 
wIm< 

In 
hand 


food 
DaB« 
iatrat 
iMr  ( 

P<V« 

mya«l 

mialtti 


BONDS  OR  OBLIGATIONS. 


llj 


BMUef — .am  httd  and  tlrmly  bound  unto  C. 

Dm  of  th«  city  of ,  and  Stat*  of ,  In  Iha 

turn  of  —  dollar!  (inttrtlmt  Ikt ^hoI  mm ),  good 
and  lawfkil  monay  of  tha  Unitad  lutaa,  to  ba  paid 
to  tha  aaid  C.  D.,hia  aaacutora,  admlnlatratori, 
or  aaalgiiB ;  for  which  paymani,  wall  and  auraly 
to  ba  mada,  I  do  bind  myaalf,  my  halri,  axacutora, 
and  admlnlatratora,  flrmly  by  tnaaa  praaanta. 
Baalad  with  my  aaal ;  datad  thia day  of 

Tha  condition  of  tha  abova  obligation  la  auch : 
That  If  tha  abova-boundan  A.  B.,  hia  haira,  ax- 
acutora, and  admlnlatratora, or  anyof  tham.ahalt 
wall  «nd  truly  pay.  or  eauaa  to  ba  paid,  unto  tha 
above-named  C.  D.,  hIa  aaacutora,  admlnlatra- 
tora, and  aaalgoa,  tha  Juat  and  full  aum  of 

lollara,  with  lagal  Intaraat  for  tha  aama,  on  or  ba- 

fora  tha day  of ,  than  thIa  obligation  to  bo 

void  i  atharwiaa,  to  ramaia  Id  full  force. 

A.  B.    r&a/.l 
Bxacutad  in  preaence  of) 

w.  T.,ii.  s.       ; 

To  any  •tternay  of  the court  of  the  State 

of  -— .  or  cf  any  other  court,  there  or  elaewhere  s 

Wherea8,r,A.  a,  of ,bya  certain  obliga- 
tion, bearing  even  date  herewith,  do  atand  bound 

unto  C.  D.,  of ,  in  tha  aum  of dollara 

(/<«m/ WW),  conditioned  for  the  payment  of 

dollara  (frinci^l  »«•),  and  lt.;sr~)t,  tbaaa  prca- 
ante  are  to  detf  re  and  autheriae  you,  or  any  of 
you,  on  the  requeat  of  aaid  C.  D.,to  appear  for 
ma,  my  axecutora,  or  admiaiatratora,  in  the  aaid 
court,  dr  «laewhere.  in  a  er«per  action  there  or 
cicewhere  brought,  or  to  be  brought  againat  ma. 
my  aaacutora,  or  adminiatratora,  at  m»  auit  of 
the  aaid  C.  D.,Ma  aaecutor*.  adminiatratora,  or 
aaaigna,  on  the  aaid  obligatioD,  aa  of  the  preaent, 
or  any  antecedent,  or  ettbaaquent  term,  or  in  va- 
CAtion  of  the  aaid  court,  or  any  other  court,  there 
or  elaor/here  to  ba  held,  and  conttaa  Judgment 
thereupon  agalnat  me,  my  oaeeutore,  or  admlnla- 
tratora, for  tna  aaid  aum  of dollara  {.**H»Hy), 

debt,  bealdee  eoete  of  eutt,  by  non  tmm  {t^fin-maiiu, 
HihH  4Hcit,  or  otherwiaa,  aa  to  you  aball  aeem 
meet :  and  for  jronr,  or  any  of  your  ao  doing,  thia 
•hall  b«  your  aHflkieat  warrant. 

And  I  do  hereby,  fbr  myaalf,  my  aaecutora  and 
adminiatratora,  ramiee,  releaaa,  and  foreyar  quit- 
claim unto  tha  aaid  C.  O.,  hia  eaacutora,  adminia- 
tratora. and  aaaif  na,  all  and  all  manner  of  error 
and  arrora,  defecte,  and  ImperfcctloBa  whatever, 
in  tha  oataring  of  the  eaid  Judgment,  «r  any  pro- 
ceaa  or  proeaedlnga  tharaon,  oi  uiareto,  «r  in  aoy- 
wlaa  touehlog  or  eoncernirf  th  *  aama. 

In  witnaaa  whareef,  I  aava  harauMo  aet  my 
hand  and  aaal,  tha  — -  day  of -^ — . 

SaaManddeHvereAlBtlMpraa-)    ' 
anco  of  W.  T.,  N.  S.  / 

Pta/mtnt *f  a«.>r«  TWw ^  VtM't.  ' 

ICnow  ail  mau  ay  tfcaaa  praaanta : 

That  I,  A.  B..  of-—,  connty  of  - — ,  and  State 

•'tT"'.?*  'T  7*'  A-  •••  »' » ••«•  C.  D.,  of , 

'?L'>ti'  9"^<''^ly  i«»«*  unto  W.  D.,  widow 
of  O.  D.,  do^naad.  of  tha  town  of  — -,  in  the 

county  of-— ,  and  State  of (ar  unto  D.  D.,  of 

— ^.  aad  W.  D..of,  etc.),  in  the  aum  of doUara, 

good  and  lawM  moBi — •-.--••-.-- 


"™"  •""».i»>"»«  ■"»KiiiwM»«»T»,  »r  mtugm},  H«t  carmen 

payment,  weft  and  truly  to  b«  made.  I  do  bind 
myaalf,  Bty  hatra,  weciEotB,  and  •daalniatrateia 
(0t we doHnd ourMlvct. our **i, wacMora, and  ad- 
aUnluratort,  Joioily  and  levwnly),  flrmly  fey  Aeae 

^SSwUk  my  aaal  («r  our  aeah);  dated  tMa 

■" ""  Cmy  Off  I  '"^N 

The  MmUttoa  of  tha  aib»ve  obUmttoa  i»  atieh. 

That  jr  tha  abfve-beuadaii  aTB.,  hia  (ar  A.  B. 
and  C.  O.,  thah)  kail*,  awMitlOfa,  or  admintotra- 
tm  OMWy  arttWHi,  ahall  ywtfly  and  avary  year. 
Mimja  Umdt—-  j^ara.  ta  ba  compiitMl 

froBi(tlM---dayol laaipaaibeibvtjthaAyor 

tha  data  of  the  abava^wrKtMa  ebttgatloa.  wattaad 
truly  pay,  or  eauaa  to  ba  paM,in*0  tha  abaya- 


named  W.  D.,her  eaeeutora,  adminiatratora,  or 

aaaigna,  the  an'iulty  or  clear  yearly  aum  of 

dollara,  by  even  and  quarterly  (^r  half-ytarly)  par- 

tiona,  paid  at  or  upon  tha daya  of  tna  monihi 

of In  each  jraar,  tha  Arat  payment  thereof  to 

begin  and  ba  mada  on  the day  of neat 

•nauing  the  day  of  tha  date  of  thia  obligation, 
and  alao  pay  a  proportionable  part  of  the  aaid 

annuity,  or  clear  yearly  payment  of ,  for,  or 

in  reapact  of  ao  many  diayo  aa  ahall  have  elapaad 
from  tha  laat  half  («r  qiiarttr)  yearly  day  of  pay 
ment  neat  preceding  the  deceaa?  of  the  aaid  w. 


up  to  the  day  of  her  dwath,  than  thia  obliga- 
tion la  to  ba  void ;  but  if  default  ahall  be  mada  in 
payment  cf  the  aaid  annuity,  or  any  part  there- 
of, at  any  of  the  timea  aforeaald,  than  the  aaid 
obligation  ia  to  remain  In  full  force. 
-  ..  A.  B.    [Sml.] 

ofW.T.,t*.8.  /  B.A.   tSxU.'i) 

B*M«I  mv  OkllMtton-Aaiircatlea. 

B)>  »  FMktr  /»r  Strvic*  a. 

Know  all  raa.i  by  theM  preeenta : 

That  I,  A.  B..  of -;— ,  In county,  and  State 

of ,  am  held  and  flrmly  bound  unto  C.  D.,  of 

__,  In  —  county,  and  State  of ,  in  the  aum 

of dollara  (fiutrilng (tnni  turn),  good  and  law- 
ful money  of  the  United  Statee.  tola  paid  to  the 
aaid  C.  D.,  hia  eaeeutora,  adminiatrafora  or  aa- 
aigna; for  wh:ch  payment,  well  and  truly  to 
be  made,  I  do  bind  myaalf,  my  haira,  eaeeutora 
and  adminiatratora,  .^rmiy  by  theae  preeenta. 

Sealed  wlU<  ray  aeal ;  dated  thta day  of 

— ,A.  D. , 

Whereaa  S.  B.,  eon  of  tha  ab«r->-beunden  A. 
B. ,  by  indenture  of  apprentieeehip,  bearing  even 
data  with  tha  ab*ve-writtan  obUgation,  haa  been 
apprenticed  to  the  above-named  C.  D.,  with  him 
to  dwell  and  abide,  from  the  day  of  the  date 

thereof  anto  the  ftiH  and  and  term  of yeara 

thanca  neat  anauing,  aa  ^  the  aaid  indenture 
more  fully  appearo : 

Now  tba  condition  of  thia  obHgatloa  ia  auca  t 

That  If  the  aaid  S.  B.  ahall  well  and  traly  aerva 
and  dwan  with  tha  aaid  C  O.  after  the  manner 

of  an  apprantiea,  during  all  the  aaid  term  of 

yaara,  according  to  tha  true  intaat  and  meaning 
of  the  aaid  indenture ;  and  If  tha  aaid  S.  a  ekaS 
not.  during  aaid  time,  detain,  convert,  waata 
ambeaala,  make  away  or  land,  without  hia  maa- 
tar'a  order  or  privity,  any  geoda  and  chattala  of 
the  aaid  C.  D.,  hia  eaeeutora  or  adminiatratora, 
but  ahall  bahava  himaelf  hoaeatly  and  ob^dieuUy 
towarda  tha  aaid  C.  D,,  hia  eaeeutora  and  ad- 
miniatratora, aa  a  good  and  dutiflii  apprentice 
ought  to  do.  during  the  eaid  term  («r  «imj>  /r»vM 
/*r  Iht  ^Hf»r  rrimamrti^f,  m*  M  thtMlftxg/nm, 
tmtl  tUmtti,  then  thia  oNlfatlon  la  to  be  void: 
otherwiaa,  to  remain  la  full  fbraa. 

■".r^?^.?irr -^ } ,     ^».  i^^j 

■•«•«  •*  •»llCK«t«HI-B||tl 

Know  aU  maa  by  thaea  pvaaaata  t 

That  wa.  A.  B..  CD.,  and  B.  r.,  of  — ■,  are 
held  and  flrmly  bound  aato  S.  r.,  abartff  oi  tba 
county  ^r-—.  la  tka  auoi  of  oae  thouaand  dot- 
lara,  to,  ba  j^ald  aato  tba  aaid  S.  F. ,  hia  eaecetora. 
adminiatrai'jra,  or  aa^aa;  for  whick  payment, 
well  and  truly  to  ba  made,  we  Mad  ouraalvee,  our 
and  aack  of  our  kaira,  eaeeutora.  aad  adminia- 
tratora. Jointly  and  aaveraUy,  flrmly  ^  theaa 
praaanta. 

Sealed  with  our  aaala.    Datad  tha day  of 

Tka  coaditioB  of  tkia  obUmtian  la  anek : 
Tkat  if  tka  abeva-bouadau  A.  E..  dafeadaat, 
abiOl  appear  in  a  certain  ac^a  of  treapaaa.  cona- 
manced  agiunat  tka  aaid  A.  B.,  by  P.  rTptalatiir, 
in  tka  aupramo  court  of  Judicature  of  the  people 
of  tta  Stato  of  -— .  ky  putting  in  apacial  baU 

wltkla daya  after  tka  — -  day  of aeat 

(rWara  ^  «r  wrA>,  aad  l^r  perfbctinf  auck  baU  if 
required,  according  to  tka  rulea  and  practka  af 
tka  cald  eotirt.  tken  tka^bova  ekUgatioa  to  ba 
void,  otkarwlaa  M  faoiain  la  fWI  fana  aad  vk^ 
tua. 


''»""™'^'-"""*"'' '' '' '  ^  -'^"-■'--■ii  jMfliiiit ii 


M»*wiiiaii"wi'»»ii)n  iuufiaa.- . 


warn 


tS4 


BONDS  OR  OBLIGATIONS. 


..m..  •*  •MlMMlM-lllll  Of  «'r««llt. 

ThUprtMnt  wiltTnf  w«n«i»«h 

That  I.  A.  B.,  or ,  marchant,  do  undcrUk* 

with  C  O.,  of ,  mtrchant.  hit  tKicutors  ar  J 

admlnlatraton,  «hat  if  h«  d«liv«r  unto  B.  F.,  or 

,  tradtr,  or  any  of  hi*  aitiina,  lo  hli  uu,  any 

■um  or  luma  of  monay,  amounting  to  tha  aum 

of or  undar,  and  thall  taka  In  my  nama  a  bl)l 

undtr  tha  hand  and  taal  of  tha  aaid  E.  r.,cpn- 
talnlnj  and  ahowlng  tha  cartalnty  tharaof ;  that 
than  r  my  aaacutoit  or  adminlitrator*.  having 
Iha  aama  Dill  dalivarad  to  ma  or  them,  ahall  Im- 
madlairly,  upon  tha  raealpt  or  the  aama,  pay  or 
f  auaa  to  ba  paid  onto  tha  aald  C.  D.,  hU  («acu- 
tora,  admlniatratort,  or  atalgna,  all  tuch  •umi  of 
nonty  aa  ihall  ba  containod  In  tha  aald  bill;  for 
which  paymant.ln  mannar  and  form  aforaaald, 
wall  and  truly  to  ba  made,  I  bind  myMlf,  my 
aiacatora  and  admlnlatratoro.  by  thaaa  praaanta. 
Saalad  with  my  aaal.  ate. 

■••m  or  OI»ll«MI*N-Bill  r«Ml. 
Or  m/»ait  Ptnnlly,  far  Ikt  Ptfrntni  rf  Mnty 
Know  all  man  by  thaaa  prtaanta  i      ^     , 

That  I,  A.  B. , of .do  ewa unto C.  D., of -— , 

Iha  aum  of .to  bo  paid  unto  tha  aald  O.  D., 

hia  aiaeutora,  admlniatratora,  or  •wiiK"*]  on  tha 

naat  anauing  tha  data  haraof;  for  whUh  pay- 

maat,  wall  and  truly  to  ba  mada,  I  bind  m;f«a[f. 
my  haira.  axacutora,  and  adminlatratora  (la  tha 


aum  01  — —  (,  nrmiy  wy  in»»»  pr»^m»». 

In  witnaaa  wharaof.  I  hava  haraunto  aat  my 

hand  and  aaal*thta day  of ,  A.  D . 

B*m4  mr  ObllmtlMt-WII  Mla«l«. 
JFtr  am  Volimilnl  Smm 

Know  all  man  by  thaaa  praaanta : 

That  I.  A.  B.  ((«'  Mifr)  am  haM  and  ftrmlir 
bound  to  C.  D.  (M#  *tlit*t)  In  all  and  avary  auch 
•uma  and  aum  of  menay,  aa  alroady  hava  baan. 
or  haraaftar  ahall  or  may  ba  paid  or  advancad ; 
Mid  all  and  avary  auch  auma  and  aum  or  monay, 
to  pay  whieb  a  habUlty  or  ang agamant  haa  baan, 
or  Wall  or  may  ba  antatad  Into,  cr  ineurrad  by 
Mm,  tha  aald  t.  D.by  ra«aan  or  maana  of  ae- 
captlng  or  pai"«g  tt«  drafia,  biUa  or  promlaaory 
notaa  of  th«  aa  d  V  B,.  or  by  dlacountlog  for 
him  othar  MHa  o/  axchanga.  of  premlaaory  notaa. 
or  by  affording  to  him  othaf  pacuniary  aaalat- 
•nca :  togathar  with  lawful  intaraat  Ibr  tha  aama, 
f^om  tha  Uina  or  raapactiva  tlmaa  of  advancnig 
tha  aama;  and  alao  commlaaion  and  othar 
chf>rgaa  according  to  cuatom,  to  bo  paid  to  tha 
aald  C.  D.,  or  hia  cartatn  attornay,  asacutora,  dd- 
miniauatora.  or  aaaigna;  For  which  paymant 
wall  and  uuly  u  ba  mada  I  bind  myatU,  my  haira, 
aiiacutora,and  admlniatratora,  aod^ avary  of  tham, 
ftrmly  fcy  thaaa  praaanta. 

Saalad  with  my  aaal;  Datad,  ate. 
•aalad  nod  dalivarad  io  .   I 
prcaanea  of  W.  T. ,  N.  S.  J 

B«ii(l  V9  OMIvntl**— Bottaaii 

Know  all  ^nan  by  thaaa  praaanta : 
.    That  I.  M.  R..  maatar  f#r  owner,  •rawiWr  and 
owner)  of  tha  ahip  or  vaaa#l  caMad  tha  V ..  now 

lying  at  tho  port  of ,  am  haM  and  ftrmly 

bottod  unto  C.  D.,  of  tha  cHy  of ,  in  tha  county 

of , and  Btata  of-—,  merchant  (or unto  E.  F  , 

or — ,  and  C  D  , of  — \  In  tha  aum  fjr-r  *o^ 
Ura,  good  and  lawful  monay  of  tha  Unltad  Btataa 
<*»•  ttkir  tmrrtnty  In  «m*«  *  /ttrmtHl  ii  U  h*  miUt),  to 
ba  paid  to  tho  aaid  C.  D.,  hto  aaeeutera,  admlnhu 
tratora,  or  aaaigna  (•r  w  tha  aaid  E.  F.  and  <-.  p.. 


tuuch.atay  at.and  proceed  to  all  peiH  and  placat 
within  tha  limlta  of  tha  voyage,  at  the  rau  or 

premium  or per  cent,  ror  the  voyage {*rn  ii,c 

rfiic   or   premium  of |«r  cent    lor  evrry  c»l*r<i..r 

monih  the  «iii<l  «hlp  or  vr»«l  •hjll  lie  out  on  uid  voy- 
age,  .uiil  «o  In  proportion  for  a  !«»•  lime  ihan  *  mnnihi, 
in  contideralion  whereor  the  uaual  riaka  or  ih* 
aeaa.  rlvare, enemlea,  Area,  plratea,  etc.,  err  to  be 
on  account  of  the  aald  C.  U. :  And  wharaak,  (or 
the  further  aecurlty  or  the  aald  C.  D.,  tha  aald  M. 
R.  haa  agreed  to  and  doee  by  thaaa  preaanta  mort- 
gage and  aatlgki  over  to  tha  aald  C  D.,  h|p  eatc- 
utora.  admlniatratora,  and  aaaigna,  the  eaid  ahIp 
or  veaaal  (and  her  freight),  together  with  all  her 
uchle,  apparel,  and  furniture ;  and  It  it  hereby) 
declared  that  the  aald  ahip  or  veeael  and  appur- 
tenance* land  her  rrtl(hi)ara  thua  aaalKited  ovei 
for  the  aecurlty  of  the  bottomry  taken  up  by  the 
aaid  M.  R.,  and  ahall  ba  delivered  to  no  Mher  uie 
or  purpoee  whatever,  until  paymant  of  thia  bond 
la  flrat  made,  with  the  premium  that  may  become 
due  thereon.  .  .      .^  ...,,. 

Now  tha  condition  of  tha  above  ebllgatloa  I* 
auch,  that  If  tha  abeva-bounden  M.  R.,  hia  beira, 
eaecutora,  and  admlnlatratoro,  or  either  of  them, 
ahall  and  do  wall  and  truly  pay.  or  cauaa  to  be 
paid,  unto  tha  aald  C.  D..  or  to  hia  attorney*  In 
1—.  legally  authoHiad  to  receive  the  aama,  or  to 
hia  aaacutoro,  admlniatratora,  ot  aaaigna.  the  full 

andjuataum  of .being  the  princloal  of  thla 

bond,  tegathar  with  tha  premium  whicli  shall  be- 
come dua  thereupon,  at  or  before  the  eapiration 

of daya  after  tha  aafe  arrival  of  the  aald  ahip 

or  veaaal  at  her  mooringa  In  tha  harbor  of  R.,  or, 
in  caaa  of  tha  loaa  of  tha  aald  ahip  or  veaaal.  auch 
an  average  aa  by  cuatom  ahall  have  become  dur 
en  tha  ■aivM«jiJ>k«a_^)>ja^a!>l!!*3if  *  >a  to  ba  void ; 

'the  aama  tenor 

■no  uwtm,  mi%amw  w...  v—T'.  being  ac«oR_^lahed, 
tha  othar  two  are  to  ba  void  and  of  no  aftact. 

A.  B.    IStmi.] 

■*■«  mr  •klHotto*— ■•MwMry  MmhI 
By  •  r**«  Ow««r. 

SiptiM  —  AUtntty  >r  Oil)*r  Omntr. 
Know  all  man  by  thaaa  Pfaaanta : 
That  I,  M.  R.  (matter,  and)  ono^hlrd  owner  of 


parel,  and  furniture  (and  (rcighi).  (Urmly  by  thaaa 

^8el£2d'with  my  aaal;  datad  thia  -—  day  of 

"whareaa,  tha  abova-boundea  M.  R.  baa  bor- 
rowed, tekan  up, and  received  of  thaaaM C.  D., 

the  full  and  iuat  aum  of doHara,  which  aum 

ia  to  run  at  bottomry  on  tha  body,  tackia,  ap- 
parel, and  ftimitura  Und  fteigbt)  of  tlw  aald  ahlo 
vtym»A{,k*rttUHtlk*»»jHittjM>v*ithjktlmm  h 
mtult.t.r..Hiin'\!  from  the  pert  or  rood  of  P.,  on 
a  voyage  to  tha  port  of  R.^  having  patmiaakm  to 


otharwiM,  ta  remain  In  lUII  (Oreo. 

Having  Bigoad  throa  boiid^  of  I 

and  data,  aither  one  thereof  being 


the  ahip  or  veaaal  V„  now  lying  In  the  port  of 

,formyaair,andO.  R..wh«  owne  the  othar 

two-thirde  of  aaM  ahip  or  veooel,  by  me  are  he  d 
and  Brmly  bound  unto  C.  D.,  of  the  city  of —-.In 

the  county  of ,  aad  Btata  of- — ,  merchant  (er 

unto  C.  D  .of .and  C.  F..of-— »,in  the  aum 

of donaia,  good  and  Uwful  monay  of  the 

Vnited  Btataa  («r  itlur  €mrrtm€f  in^J^  M-^* 
if /«  4*  anUk),  to  bo  paid  to  tho  aald  CD.,  bib  ei- 
ectttora.  odmialWraton.  or  aaaigaa  («r  to  Ike  aaid 
C  D  and  E.  P.,  their  cxccuton.  adminlatratort,  or 
attignt),  for  whlah  payment,  w^  and  tmly  tobe 
made,  V»a  bind  ouraalvaa,  our^haira,  aaaentet*, 
and  ndminiauatom,  Brmly^  theae  preaanta. 
iealod  with  Ottr  aealat  daled  thia duy  of 

■"itod  It  U  barater  daelarad  ^at  tiba  mM^v  or 
veaaal  aadappttrianancea(aDdiierfVei|hi),af«thu* 
•loignad  ovSw  fbr  the  aacurity  of  the  bottomry 
takaSupbythaaaid  M.R.,ao4  ahall  be  deUvarca 
to  no  other  uaa  or  pntnooa  whatever,  unMt  pay- 
ment of  thia  bond  la  {nTmadi,  wljtb  tho  pra- 

mium  that  may  boeomo  du*  therapn.        i 

Mow,  tharefara,  tha  condttton  o^  the  abova  ob- 
ligation ia  auch,  tuat  If  tha  abova-boucdan  M.R. 
and  O.  R..  thehr  helta,  eaaajttore.  or  admlniatra- 
tora. or  al&ar  of  tiiem.  ah^  waM  and  trtiljMpay, 
or  cauaa  JA  ba  paM,  unto  tho  aaidC.  ».,  or  ta  hi* 
(*>  to  C.  D.  andE.  F..  or  to  their)  attetaeya,  at-—., 
legally  anthorUad  to  receive  Om  aama.  or  to  the 
eaccuiora.  admlniatratota.  or  aeaigaa  af  Mtd  C. 

a  (and  E>.).tha iuat andlVill  aum af—-dollar*, 
inc  tho  principal  of  ttU  bond.^togetiiar  with 
the  pramlMK  which  ahall  become  dua  ttMroM.  at 
or  before  the  eaplratiOR  of daya  after  tha  ar- 
rival of  tha  aMd  ahln  or  vwmI  at  the  part  of  — - ; 
or.  in  caaa  of  the  foaa  of  the  eaid  *li^,aush  an 
•verace  aa  by  cuatom  ahall  have  beaoma^  dtM  on 
the  aiBvaccthen  tMa  obHaatlan  la  ta  bavoidt 

otharwiaa.  to  remain  to  «Wl»«3-„. 

ttavlacaigMd  tbraa  banda  of  tha  ame 


^"fiiMiiiiiiifri^ 


L 


id  to  all  pcita  and  pUcM 
I  voyag*,  at  the  raM  or 
.  for  tna  voyag*  («rai  ihc 
«r  cent  lot  tvrty  c»l»ti<i,ir 
tl  ihjil  he  oiil 'in  »iiiil  »ny- 
r  a  leu  linw  ihan  a  mnnihi, 
r  th*  uaual  rtaki  or  iht 
WiPtrataa,  ctv.,  arr  to  b« 
:.  O. :  And  whariak,  (or 
latatdC.  CihaialdM. 
a  by  lh«a*  praaanti  mort- 
th*  tald  C.  D. ,  hip  aatc- 
id  aaalana,  Iht  Mid  (hip 
tl.  togalhar  with  all  htr  ' 
nitura;  and  It  it  htribyi 
lip  or  vaaaal  and  appur* 
)  ara  thua  aaalKntd  ovn 
Mttomiy  tab  an  up  by  th« 
dalivarad  ta  no  eihar  um 
itll  paymant  of  thia  bond 
amlum  that  may  bacoma 

r  tha  abovo  eblij|ai;aa  la 
Mundan  M.  >•■  ma  hain, 
iratot^,  or  althar  of  tham, 
truly  p«y,  or  cauaa  to  be 
3.,  or  to  nta  •ttornaya  In 
to  racaiv*  tha  aama,  or  to 
ratora,  ot  aaalina,  tha  full 
ling  tha  principal  of  this 
pramium  which  shall  ba- 
or  bafora  tha  aspiration 
fa  arrival  of  tha  aaid  ahtp 
la  in  tha  harbor  of  K.,  or, 
a  aaid  ahtp  or  vaaaal,  auch 
n  aball  hava  tocoma  dur 
a  oMiMtten  ia  to  ba  void ; 
Aill  fwco. 

bondt  of  tha  aama  tanor 
iraof  balnff  Mcoas  .iahad, 
void  and  of  no  aftact. 

A.  •.    IStm/.] 

m-Wftfmwr  Umm* 

y/tr  OIktr  Omntr. 
M  praaanta : 

and)  on*4hlrd  ownar  of 
Mw  lying  in  tha  pott  of 
K.,whe  owna  tha  other 
or  vaaaal,  by  ma  ara  held 
C.  D.,oftliacltyof— ,ln 
•lata  of  - — .  maichant  i  «r 

E.  v.,  of ),  in  tha  aum 

ind  lawful  monty  of  tha 
iurnmtf  im  i»»A*  fivmmt 
I  to  ttia  a«id  C.  D.,  ku>  ax- 
I,  or  aaalg—  (ar  ta  tba  laid 
txMuiort,  adfflinlMratori,  or 
■ant,  woM  and  truly  to  ba 
ivaa,  our  haira,  aaactneta, 
nly  by  theao  praaanta. 
totdaSad  tkta — ^duyof 

trad  tkat  tha  aaid  aMf  or 
Baa(aod  her  tVdahi),  arotnua 
aacorlty  of  tha  bottomry 
.  R.,«n4  ahnll  ba  dattyarcd 
rMMj  whntavar,  until  pay- 
fiat,  mad^.widi  tho  pra- 
•  4\sk  tbaraon.'  i    ^ 

condition  o'  tba  abova  ob> 
<  tba  abava-bouivdan  M.  R. 
,  amcntora,  or  admlniatra' 
I,  ahatt  waU  and  truly  pay, 
«o  tba  aaid  CO.,  art*  hia 
r  to  thair)  attoraaya,  at  — — ,, 
•calva  Um  aama,  or  to  the 
lora.  or  aaoigM  of  aa^  C. 
ind  nill  aum  af  —  danara, 
r  thla  boad.  togatbar  with 
all  bacema  dudtitaraaa.at 
n  of —  daya  aflar  tlia  ar- 
r  vaaaal  at  tna  part  af'-- i 
\  of  tba  aaid  ali^,auBli  an 
ahall  hava  fcaaema  d«a  on 
I  obHiatlao  ta  ta  bavoM; 
aAillforca. 
ibaadaof  tba 


nONDS  OR  OBLIGATIONS. 


««S 


alng  ac- 
campllahad,  tha  other  two  ara  to  be  of  no  aNect. 

M.  ft.    [S**l\ 
Eiecutad  In  praaanco I  O.  R.    \s*»i.\ 

ofW.  T.,N.  S.         ;  t,A  A 

R«a4l  mw  OkllMiinn— €«nva|riiara  mt 
l,Nn«l. 

Know  all  man  by  theaa  praaanta: 

That  wa,  A.  R.  and  B.  A.,  aa  princlpala,  and  9, 
S  and  Y.  v.,  aa  auratiea,  ara  firmly  bound  unto 

C  O.  in  tha  aum  of dollara,  to  tha  payment 

of  which  to  tha  aaid  A  B.  and  B.  A.,  or  their  ax- 
icutora,  admlniatiatora,  or  aaaigna,  wa  hereby 
Jointly  and  aav^rally  bind  ouraalvaa,  our  haira, 
(xicutora,  and  adminlatratora. 

The  condition  of  thla  obligation  la  > 

Thtt  wharaaa  tha  aaid  obagora  hava  agraad  to 
i«ll  and  a^Mtvay  nnta  tha  aaid  obligoo  a  eartain 

tract  af  real  aaCata,  altuatad ,  and  bounded  ai 

(ollowa,  namely  i 

The  aama  to  ba  conveyed  by  a  good  and  auA- 
c lent  warranty  (»r  tilur)  dead  ortha  aaid  oMIgora, 
conveying  a  good,  clear,  and  aufmiont  titia  ta  tha 
tame,  frao  fkom  all  incumbrancaa. 

Ana  wharaaa,  for  auch  dead  and  convoyanca  It 
li  agraad  that  the  aaid  obligoo  ahall  pay  tha  aum 

of  —  dollara,  of  which dollara  ara  to  bo  paid 

in  caah  upon  tha  delivery  of  aaid  daod.  and  tha 

remainder  by  tha noto  of  tha  aaid  obligao, 

bearing  '     •'  eat  a*  —  par  cant,  par  annum ,  pay- 

able  aai.'   i.  nualjy.and  aaeurad  by  a mart- 

lage  In  tba  uaual  form  upon  tha  aaid  pramiaaa, 
tucn  note  to  bo  {dtttrit*  Ik*  inl*\. 

Now.  tharafora,  if  tha  aaid  obligora  ahall  upon 
tender  by  tho  aaid  obllgaa  of  tha  aforaaaid  caah, 
note,  aad  mortgage  at  any  time  within  —  fk«m 
thia  dMa,  daliver  unto  tha  aaid  obligao  a  good 
and  aulnciant  dead  aa  aforaaaid,  than  uiia  obliga 
tlon  ahall  ba  void,  otiiarwlaa  it  ahall  ba  aad 
remain  In  ftiH  force  and  affect. 

In  witjaaa  whc«eof,  w  raunto  aat  our  handa 
and  aaala  thia  —  day 

a.  A.,  Princif*lt. 
*>    '.     r.y.tSuMitt. 
Signed  and  aaalad  in  preat       ) 
of  W.  T.,  N.  «.  I 

»■■<  mr  OKlcMtoM— CMiv«]r«a<w  mt 
MmwJL 

Know  all  man  by  thaaa  praaanta  t 

That  A.  B.,  of ,  la  tna  county  of  — -,  aad 

Btata  of ,  held  aad  Brmly  bound  uato  C.  D., 

of  — ,  In  tha  county  of  — -,  and  State  of ,  ta 

the  panal  aum  af dollara,  for  tho  payment  of 

whiah  aum,  wall  and  tmly  to  bo  mad*  ta  C.  D., 
hia  haira,  aaacutara,  and  adminlatratora,  I  bind 
rayaalf,  my  haira,  aKacirtam,  aad  adaalalatratora, 
Armiy  ay  tbaoo  praaanta  i 

■adad  wfth  my  aaal,  aad  datad  thla  —  day 
of—. 

Tha  condition  of  tha  abava  abUgatlon  la  auch  i 

That  wharaaa  tha  aaid  A.  B.  tMa  day  haa  gtvan 
t.tm  aaid  C  D.  pramtaoary  aoto  ofavaa  data  hara- 
wl«b. 

Now,  If,  oa  paymont  af  tho  aaid  aoto  being 
mada  oa  ar  bmro  th*  tima  tha  aama  ahall  ba- 
coma  idua,  aad  all  taaea  on  tha  laad  harainaftar 
deoaribad  having  ^aon  paid  by  tha  aaid  A.  B.. 
and  na  rij^  of  pra'«matioa  havtag  haan  aatab- 
liahad  ar  alataiad  aa^tna  aaid  lead,  ar  any  part 


thanwll^  oald  A.  B.,  or  hta  legal  lapraaaata- 
tlvaa,  ohidl,  whanaver  theraunta  aftorworda  ta- 
yiaalad.aaocMta aad doUvar to  tha aold C  D., ar 
Ma  laM  roprooaatatlvaa,  a  gaod  aad  aufllelant 
dead,  lam  aylM  to  Mm  or  tham  tiia  iktnAUtmt 
a  tUmi^lm  «rMr  kmh,  fim  aad  daar  or  aO  ia- 
cumheawaa  (eweapt,  eta.),  than  Mila  abllgattoa  «a 
ba  null  and  wM,  atMrwioa  af  IWI  fcNa  aad  oflbat. 
It  la  diotlMeily  andaiatood  aad  agiaed  bgr  aad 
batwaoa  thapovtlaa  harota  tiiat  th*  tima  of  pay- 
manHtarohi  ahavii  toad  ahall  ha  aaatarial  aad  of 


th*  ■aaini.a  of  tu*  cantraat,  aad  Uknt  In  caao  of 
lUlura  thoroln,  tho  latarvantiaa  of  oaulty  ia  for> 
(varbarrod.  ^jr   [^'J 


That  I,  A.  B.,  of ,  am  held  and  drmly  bound 

unto  the Inauranca  Company,  In  the  cjm  of 

on*  thoutand  •lollara,  to  b*  paid  to  tha  aold 


Inaurance  Company,  or  aailgne;  for  which  pa 
ment,  well  and  truly  to  be  made,  I  bind  mvael 
my  heira,  executor*,  and  admlnialralon.  Iitmly 


% 


by  thaae  preeentt 
leafed  with  my  aeal. 


Dated  the  day  of 


Tha  condition  of  tha  above  obligation  la  auch . 

That  if  the  abova-bounden  A.  B.,  hia  heIra,  *» 
*culora,  or  adminlatratora,  ahall  wall  and  truly 
pay,  or  cauna  to  ba  paid,  unto  th*  above-named 

Inauranca  Company,  the  )uat  and  full  aum  of 

Ave  hundred  dollara.  in  Ave  eoual  annual  pav 
menu  from  the  date  hereof,  with  annual  intereet, 
then  the  above  obligation  to  ba  void  i  olherwiif 
to  ranialo  tn  full  force  and  virtue. 

A.  B.    l.-vM/ ) 
■aalad  and  ^ellvared  tn  prea>  I 

ancaofW  T.,N.  B.  f 

Maw*  mw  OklUnatl**— e*r|Mrit<l*a  Sl«> 

|l|Wlli»»>l«.  *l«. 

Sea  lilk  BoNaa,  Noru,  anr  Biili,  ani*. 
IBMitI  mw  4MblHp»dlMi-0(iv«««i»mta,  alei. 

See  PaaMNiMAHCB,  batow. 
■•i*«l  vr  «Kbll«ii«l«N— Dm«I  •r  t«Ml. 

Know  all  men  by  thaaa  praaanta  i 

That  A.  B.,  of  the  county  of ,  and  Bute  of 

la  held  and  firmly  oound  to  C.  D.,  of ,  In 

tha  aum  of dollara,  to  bo  paid  to  aaid ,  hta 

aiacutora,  rdmtniatratora,  or  aaaigna,  to  tha  pay- 
ment whereof  he  binda  himaalfT  hia  haira,  ea- 
ooutora,  aad  adminlatrattirs,  flrmly  by  thaaa  praa- 
anta. 

Baalad  «vUh aaal.  and  datad  tha day 

of . 

Tha  condition  of  thla  oMtntion  lo. 

That  if  — ,  tha  Mid  C.  D.,  upon  paymant  of 

dollara.  and  'Ataraat,  by  aaid  A.  B.  within 

yaara  from  thia  date,  agraaably  to  hia 

aota  of  even  data  herawitb,  ahall  convey  to  aaid 
C  D.,  and  hia  haira  forever,  a  certain  tract  of 

laad,  aituatad  In  tha  county  of ,  and  State  of 

.to  wit :  {tUurMng  It),  by  a  warranty  (#r  other) 

dead  in  common  ^orm  duly  eaacuted  and  ac- 
knowladgad,  and  in  the  meantime  ahall  permit 
aold  C.  0.  to  occupy  and  improve  aaid  pramiaaa 
for  hia  own  uaa,  than  thla  obligation  ahall  be  void, 
ntharwiaa  to  ramain  In  Aill  iorco  and  alhct. 

-In  witncaa  whereof.  I  hava  harawnte  aot  my 
hand  an^  aaal,  tkt  day  and  yaar  Brat  above  writ- 
tea.      ,      ..  A. a  r&B/.j 

For  form  of  AcvNowiaiMMiBirr,  toe  that  nile. 
■mMI  mp  WiMBHIlai   »aa<  %r  ▼■■<>■' 

Know  all  man  by  thaaa  praaonte : 

That  I.  A.  B.,  ar— -,  In  -—  aauaty.  aad  Rlata 

af .  am  held  and  flrmly  bound  unto  C  O.,  of 

tho  town  of  - — ,  la  tha  coupty  af  — .  and  State 
of  — — ,  morchant,  ia  tha  aum  or——  dollara,  good 
and  lawftal  money  of  tha  United  Btetaa,  M  ha 
paid  to  tho  aild  C.  O.,  hia  aneutora,  admlatotra* 
tore,  or  aapignai  far  which  .paymaat,woU  and 
truly  to  bo  ii,d<>*,  I  «io  Mad  myaolf,  my  hotn,  ea- 
aeutora.  aad  admlniatratora,  Brmly  by  thooo  praa- 
anta: 

Soalod  with  my  aoali^dalad  thia dayaf 

Wh*roaa,tha  abava-bouadoa  A.  B.  hoc  thla  day 
agraad  ta  aall  te  tho  oaM  C.  O.  th*  iSallowlng  da- 
acribod  tract  of  load  la  tho  county  of——,  in  tho 
Buto  of-^ — ,  W  wit:  (diHriiHfJ),  on  condition 
that  tho  aaid  C.  D.  ahali  pay  tha  aom  of dol- 
lara la  manner  following,  to  wit:  {Mtrnt/mr timt, 
tic.),  and  ter  which  tha  aaid  &  D.  haa  givea  hia 
iMuinlaaniy  imm. 
Now  tha  eoodltioa  of  thia  abliMt  /n  la  auch. 
That  If  jaM  C.  D.  chall  pay  aaid  note  at  matur- 
ity, and  ahaB  la  tha  maantlma  pay  all  teaoo  on 
aaid  land,  and  th*  oaM  A.  B.  ahall  oa  tha  complo- 
tioo  oToaM  paymaiMa  maha,  eaaaute  and  daUvar, 
or  cauaa  ta  6a  aaada,  aaacutad  and  doUvorod  (iW>w 
tMtit*  ttmmyiuitt  t»  ttghtn^mi),  a  mad  aad  au^ 
Beient  wa*ranty.d*ad  ta  tho  aaM  C.  D.  Ihr  aM« 
tract  af  laad,  than  thia  oMigatian  to  batmM/ 
atbofwlaa  ta  ramain  ta  iUI  iarca. 


i86 


BONDS  OR  OBLUiATIUNS. 


And  II  l«  •i>r«Ml)f  af  read  by  and  batwMO  aald 

KrtUi,  that  tima  la  of  (ha  aaaanca  of  thia  con- 
Ml,  andlhalla  tha  avani  of  iha  non-payniani 
'•f  Mid  •am  of  monay,  or  any  pari  Iharaof, 
promplly  al  Iha  Itnia  iiarain  llmtlad,  Ihat  than 
iha  aatd  A.  >.  la  al>aolutaly  diachargad  al  law  and 
In  aqulty  from  anv  and  all  llaMllty  lo  maka  and 
aaacuta  auch  daad,  and  may  iraat  tha  aald  C.  D. 
aa  a  lanani  holding  ovar  aftar  tha  tarmlnallon,  or 
contrary  to  lh«  tarma  of  hia  laaaa ;  or  If  ha  prafar 
to  do  ao,  may  anforca  tha  paynant  of  aatd  nolo. 

A.  B.    liM/.J 
BM«utod  in  praaoiMa  af) 

w7t.,>i.  ■.       ; 


•r  •bllarMI**— T*  D«ltv«v  f 

lUulrtit  Hiaaiia 
LnM  0H  anJ  Li/i  /»  Ot/tmifumt'i  J^tmiim,  With 
Smrtlf. 
Know  all  man  by  thaaa  praaanta : 

That  wa.  A.  B. ,  of  — ,  In county,  aad  Slata 

•r ,  and  B.  V. ,  of  tha  aama  etaoo,  marthant.  ara 

hald  and  Armiy  bound  unto  ■.  W.,  tha  aharl*  of 

county,  in  tha  lum  of  • —  dollara,  good 

and  lawful  momty  of  tha  Uniiad  Btatoa,  to  bo 

Kiid  to  tha  aald  t.  P.,  hia  aaacutora,  admlnlatra- 
ra,  or  aaalgna,  for  which  paymant,  wall  aa^ 
truly,  to  bo  made,  wa  do   Mud  ouraclvoa,  our 
haira,  atacutora,  and  admlnlatratora,  Jointly  and 
aovarally,  ftrmly  by  thaaa  praaanta. 
■aalad  with  oi>r  aaala ;  datad  this  —  day  of 

Wharaaa  tha  abova^namad  %.  P.,  ahartff  of  tbo 
aaid  county  of  — ,  by  virtua  of  an  aaaeution  '*r 
«  writ  <d  Mtri /Mini),  iaouod  out  Of  Iho  court  of 

,  for  Iha 1 M  mm  diraatod  and  dalivarad, 

haa  aalaad  and  takaa  la  aaaautloa  tho  (aliowiag 
gooda  iiliifriiiit  tlum),  aa  tiia  proparty  of  tho 
abova-bouodan  A.  ■■••albadant  la  tha  aatd  aaa- 
eution («i>  wnl  Mjltri^Ui). 

Now  tho  oonoltion  of  thia  obligation  ta  auch, 
that  if  tha  abovo-bouadaa  A.  B.  or  •.  Y.,  or  thalr 
aaaeutora,  admlniatratora,  or  aaalgna,  or  any  of 
tham.  ahall  wall  and  truly  dallvar  up.  or  aauaa  w 
bo  dalivarad  up  to  tha  aald  ahariff,  all  tha  abova- 
manUonad  gooda.  whanavor  ro^ulrod  by  tbo  aaid 
ahariff,  la  a  aound  and  in  avary  way  aa  good  a  alt- 
uatlon  and  condition  aa  whoa  tno  above-man- 
lionad  gooda  waro  AiM  laviad  on  by  tho  aald 
ahariff,  anrt  that  too  without  fraud  or  other  dalay, 
than  thia  u  jllgattoa  ia  to  b«  void ;  etherwlao,  to 
remain  In  fullforeo.  A.  B.    f  JSm/.J 

Baacutod  la  praaaaca  of)  B.  Y.    VHttttA 

w.  T„M.  B.       ; 

-T*  Bxcmit*  •  0*a« 


•r  OkllBiMM» 

VMIM 

Know  all  man  by  thaaa  prayaata  t 


That  wt,  A.  B. ,  of ,  la  — .-  cauaty,  and  StaM 

of ,  and  B.  A.,  of ,  ara  bald  aad  trmly 

bound  unto  C  D.,of  tbo  tawa  af  — ,  ia^^ 
county,  and  StaM  of—,  la  tha  aum  of— del- 
lari.  to  ba  paid  M  tba  aald  C.  D..  hia  aaaeutora. 
admlniatratora,  or  aaalgna,  Mr  which  paymant, 
waU  aad  truly  to  bo  mado,  ww  do  >iad  ouraolyoa, 
our  haira, aaaeutora, aad  admits i.iratara,|ouiUy 
and  aaverally,  Armly  by  thaaa  praaaata. 

'    I  our  aaala  j  datod  thia  —  day  of 

Tha  condltioB  of  tbo  abova  obUmtlon  ia  ouch. 
That  if  tha  abovo^Mundoa  A.  B.,  on  or  bofero 

tha day  of noat.  or,  la  caao  of  bw  daath 

bafero  thai  Uma,  If  tha  baira  ^tha  aaid  A.  8. 
within  —  maatha  aflar  hIa  dacaaao,  f  aacb  balra 
ahaU  than  ba  of  ftoU  aga,  or  if  withia  mm,  tbaa 
within  —  maatha  aftar  auob  hatrn  ahall  no  of 
ftelt  aga,  do  aad  ahall  apoa  the  roaaanabla  latuaab 
and  at  the  proper  eoet  aad  charfoa  la  tho  law  af 
the  aaid  C.  D.,  bla  haira  or  aaiigaa,  malMN  ••• 
aeuto,  aad  daUver,  or  caaaa  ao  to  ba  W  the  eald 
&  P.,  hia  haira  or  aaaigaa,  or  I*  aach  Mraon  or 
paraona  aa  ha  or  they  ahall  aomlaatp  aa4  appotat. 


aa  he  or  tfiey  ihdtt  direct  (arfv 

ttml*  Ik*  tmmftmt*  *t^fmlttHl/»r,  m)  tfl  aad  evaty 
each  deed  or  dooda,  coayoytMMo  H  coaveyapcea 
whataoerer,  whia^  ahall  be  aoeafkil  Im  eoaveying 
and  <><oaSr»W  uato  the  aaldJC.  D..  hia  hetre  ani 
•aaigiw,  a  good,  aheelate,  aaa  lademwiUe  aetate 


ai  innanianca  in  lao  aimpM,  aiaar 
brancaa,  aaeapt  a  morlgaaa  mada 

ti/wo,  and  dua yaaia  from  dala< 

A  coed  and  auflkclant  convayanoa  I 


of  Inharltonca  In  fee  almpla,  alaar  af  all  Incum- 

" lada  by  A.  B.  foi 

data. 
good  and  auflkclant  convayanoa  In  faa  almpla, 
with  Iha  uaual  cevaaania. 

{Or,  *  |ouU  and  tuAcianl  wamtniy  daad,  in  (la  tinr 
pl«,lrt«  Irum  all  imumttianca.aiMl  ivuli  (ul!  lovananui. 
of  Iha  following  daaatibad  pramlara,  u  wit;  all 
(ktrt  litter  Hint  Ih*  frtmltf),w*n  Iha  abova  obli- 
gallon  lo  be  void  i  otiiarwtaa,  to  ramain  in  lull 
force  and  virtue.  A.  B.    |>m/| 

Baacuiad  In  praaanca  of  I  B.  A.    \!Mti\ 

^nf.  T.(  N.  a.  I 

■•Ml  w  Oklt«itl*<i-Bae««l«M. 

Know  elt  men  by  iheee  praaanta : 

That  I.  A.  B.,of ,am  hald  and  (Irmly  hound 

unto  B.  X.  and  T.  R.,  of,  ate,  aaaeutora  of  iha 
laatwiU  and  taalamant  of  O.  0.,dacaaaad,  lata 
of  — ,  la  tha  aum  of  one  Ihouaand  dollara,  to  ba 
paid  to  the  eald  B.  X.  and  T.  R.,  aaaeutora,  aa 
aforcaald,  tha  aurvivora  or  aurvivor,  or  hia  or  ihair 
aaalgna  i  for  which  oaymant,  wall  aad  truly  to  ba 
mada,  I  bind  myaall,  my  haira,  aaaeutora,  and  ad- 
mlnlftratora,  firmly  by  thaaa  praaanta. 

■ealed  with  my  aaal.    Daud  the  —  day  ef 

The  eofiditloa  of  the  above  obligation  ia  auch ; 

Thai  if  tha  abovo-boundao  A.  H.,  hia  haira,  ea- 
aoutore,  or  admlniatratora,  ahall  wall  aad  truly 
pay.  or  cauae  to  ba  paid,  unto  Iha  abova-namad 
B.  X.  and  T.  R.,  aaaeutora,  aa  aforaaaid,  the  aur. 
vivora,  or  aurvivor.  or  hia  or  their  aaaigne,  iha 
Juat  and'fi  n  aum  of  Ave  hundred  dollara,  in  ftva 
aaual  aam  I  paymenu  frOM  tha  data  hereof, 
with  annual  Intaraat,  then  tha  above  oMIgatMn 
to  be  void ;  otharwtaa  to  ramain  in  full  l^rce  end 
virtue.  A.  B.    [Una] 

Baalad  and  dalivarad  ia  prae-l 

enceofW.  T..N.  •.  / 

■•Ml  •»  oiiiiflrMtiMi— ■•'NnticMk 

Know  all  men  by  thaee  preaenta  i 

That  wa,  A.  B.  and  O.  P..  of,  etc.,  ara  held  and 
Armly  bound  unto  B.  X.  aad  T.  R.,  of,  etc..  eacc. 
utora  of  the  laat  will  and  laatamant  of  D.  D.,  da- 
eaaaad,  late  of  the  town  of  — ,  in  the  aum  of 
one  thoaeand  doltara.  to  bo  paid  to  the  aald  B.  X. 
and  T.  R.,  aaecutora,  aa  afdraaald,  the  auivivora, 
or  aurvivor,  or  hia  or  thalr  aaaigne ;  for  whieh  pay- 
meat,  well  and  truly  .to  bo  made,  we  bind  our- 
aalvea,  oar  and  each  of  our  haira,  aaaeutora,  and 
admlmatratore,  joiatly  and  aaverally,  Armly  by 
thaee  praeeata. 

Sealed  with  our  eeala.    Dated  the day  of 

Whereaa,  la  aad  by  the  laat  will  aad  taatameot 
of  the  aaid  D.  D.,  dcceaeed.  a  lag aey  of  one  hun- 
dred dollara  Ml  b«|tteathed  to  the  «aid  A.  B., 
which  haa  been  paid  w  him  by  the  aaid  B.  X. 
aad  T.  R.,  aaecutora  aa  afaraaald : 

Now  the  eaadition  rf  thia  oMigation  ia  auch : 

That  if  any  debtt  agalaat  the  deceaaad,  abave 
named,  ahaH  doty  appear,  and  whieh  there  ahall 
be  wo  other  aaaeu  to  pay,  and  if  there  ahall  ba  no 
other  maeto  to  pay  other  legacieo,  or  not  aaW- 
cieat,  tiiat  tbaa  the  aatd  A.  ■.  ahaH  refund  the 
iMacyea  aatd, or  auch  rmtabl^  prapertwa  thare- 
of;  with  the  other  lacateeo  af  the  deoeaaed,  aa 
may  be  aeaaaaary  fbr  the  payment  af  auch  deni, 
and  tho  pr^portloaal  parte  of  ether  legacloa,  if 
there  be  any,  and  the  caata  and  chargea  incurfod 
by  reaaea  of  the  payment  to  the  eaid  A.  B.  t  aad 
that  if  tha  arahato  of  the  wiU  of  the  aaid  daaoMead 
bo  rtvahai.arthe  will  declarod  vMd.  than  the 
eai4  A.  ■  ahaH  refbad  the  whale  of  the  legacy, 
with  iatereet,to  the  aaid  B.  X.  and  T.  R., Ihair 
eaecutora,  •douaMtiatoca,  or  aoMgiia. 

ae«.M.  ew.  A  B.    |£m/.J 

O.  P.    \SttU.\ 

■mKI  m>  •lillB«(lmi-l.t«»(M  mr 

■fprwMimmty. 
Ate^Mv  SmI. 
Know  alt  atoa  by  thaee  preeeato  i 
That  we,  A.  B.  and  O.  P.,  af.  etc.,  are  heM  and 


irmly. iMMiad  unto  B.  X.  aad  T.  R.,  of, eie.j 
utora  of  the  laat  will  aad  taatameot  al  O.  b,.  m- 
caaaed,  lau  of  tha  town  of  — -,  in  the  aum  «  oaa 
theiiaaadtfollari,tobepai4tath«Mi«B  XiM 


re 


M«,  4lMr  »t  all  iMum 

R(  ffli4*  toy  A.  B.  fM 
•m  data, 
nvtyane*  la  faa  almpl*, 

warromv  dwd,  in  tn  tinr 
.and  »uh  lult  (.ovtfKnui, 
■  pftmlMa,  U>  wil :  III 
r),  thia  iha  abova  obli. 
wiu,  to  rtmaia  in  lull 

A.    [sm/\ 


BONDS  OR  OBLIGATIONS. 


itr 


ft; 


Ml— Bs««fil*r«. 

^•Miila : 

held  and  Arnnly  Itagnd 
M.,  aaaeulara  af  tha 
r  O.  0..dac«aaad,  lata 
Ihauaand  dollara,  to  ba 
Id  T.  R,,  aaocutora,  aa 
aunrtvor,  or  hia  or  Ihair 
nt,  wall  and  truly  to  ba 
•Ira.  aaacutora,  aad  ad- 
Moptaoanta. 
Dalad  (ho  -—  day  «f 

>va  abllntkMi  la  auch : 
laa  A.  H.,  hla  haira,  aa- 
i,  ahall  wall  and  trahr 
unta  tha  ab*vo-naiaad 
I,  aa  afaraaald.  tha  aur- 
t  or  thair  aaalgna,  tha 
•undrad  dollara.  In  ftva 
FroM  tha  data  haraof, 
1  tha  abova  oMIfatian 
amala  la  full  forca  and 
A.  B.    [iMtil 


•^} 


araaanta: 
'..of, ate, aro haM  and 
nd  T.  R.,  of,  otc.  aaac' 
taaumant  of  O.  D.,  da- 
of  — ,  In  tho  aam  of 
a  paid  to  tho  aald  B.  X. 
(oraaald,  tha  aui'Vivora, 
■aaigna ;  lor  which  pay- 
M  mada,  wa  bind  our- 
ar  haira,  aaocutora.  aad 
Id  aavarally,  firmly  by 

Datad  tha day  of 

Imi  will  and  taalamant 
4.  a  l«taey  of  ono  hua- 
ad  to  tho  fOid  A.  &, 
him  by  tho  aald  B.  X. 
lid: 


ila  obhcation  la  aueh ; 
n  tha  dacoMod,  abova 


,  and  which  tbara  ahall 
■nd  If  tharo  ahall  bo  no 

locaciaa,  or  not  auiR- 
A.  ■.  ahalt  rafiwd  tha 
labH  proportion  thora- 
08  of  tha  daaooaad,  aa 
^ymant  of  auch  dabti, 
la  of  othar  lagnalaa.  if 
a  and  charBao  inaurrad 

tothaaajA.  B.tMd 
nil  of  tha  n»d  iaaaaiad 
actarad  vomI.  than  tho 
«  whpla  of  Um  tamay, 
X.  and  T.  R.,  UMJir 

mi— ItOMiMw  Mr 

itNtiV*. 

Kmt. 

praaanlat 

'.,e^Mc..aralitMu« 

nd  T,  R.,  of.  ate.,  aaaa- 

Matamaat  of  D.  D,.  da- 

r — ,  in  tha  aunt  wraM 

MlMth«Mn«BX.S 


I  B. 
•raaumn. 

O.  P. 


T.  R.,aaacutori,  aa  atMraaald,  tha  aurvlvera,  or 
aufviver,  or  hia  or  thair  aaalgna;  for  which  pay- 
manl,  wall  and  truly  lo  bo  mada,  wa  bind  our- 
aalvaa,  our  and  aach  of  our  haira,  a>(cutoc«,  and 
admlnlatralor*.  Jointly  and  aavarally,  Ikimly  by 
ihaat  praaania - 
•aalad  wi»h  our  aaala.    Oatad  tha day  af 

Wharaaa,  tha  aaid  A.  B.  ia  about  to  cemmanca 
a  ault  In  tha  auprama  court  of  Judlcatura  of  tha 
paopla  of  tha  ttata  of  — ,  agatnat  tha  aaid  C.  X. 
and  T.  R.,aai.uch  aaacutora.aa  aforaaald,  for  tha 
purpoaa  of  racovarina  iho  amount  of  a  carlain 
lagaay  ba^uaathad  to  htm.  In  and  by  tha  laat  will 
and  taatamani  of  tha  aaid  D.  O.,  dacaaaad  (^r, 
tit  iha  putptwa  of  rtcovtiina  tht  <li>liibull«a  ului*  ul 
lilt  proDartyofiha  nald  I).  1>  ,  dtcrjiMil,  diir  tu  him, 
Iha  Mid  A.  H.,  aa  OM  of  tlia  >om  of  tha  uid  U.  U  , 
dtcaatad). 

Now  tha  condition  of  thia  obliaatlon  la  auch : 

TlMt  If  any  dabta  owing  by  tha  aatd  dacaaatd 
ahall  haraaflar  ba  racovarad,  or  duly  mada  to  ap- 
paar,  for  tha  paymant  of  which  thara  ahall  ba  no 
aaaota  othar  than  tha  aaid  laaacy  im-  dlMrib«iii«a 
•h«ra),  that  than  tha  aaid  A.  S.  ahaU  refund  tha 
amauni  that  mpy  ba  racovarad  In  any  action  by 
htm  againat  tha  aaid  aaacutora,  or  auah  ratabia 
paft  tharaef,  with  tha  othar  lagataaa  («r  irptcMnr 
■ilvtai  of  tho  daaaaaad,  aa  may  ba  nacaaaaiy  for 
tha  paymant  of  tha  aaid  dabta,  anO  tha  coata  and 
chargca  Inaui rad  by  a  racovary  againat  tha  aaid 
lancular^  in  any  auit  tharafor. 

{(^I»*  ttnd  hgl*in  h»  ItgtUtt,  Mr/W.>i»Atr  '^"M' 

And  akw,  if  no  auAclant  naaata  ahall  ramala, 
aftoT  tho  paymant  of  aaid  legacy,  to  pay  any 
other  laaaav  which  may  bo  due,  that  than  tha 
aaid  A.  B.  ahall  rafund  auch  ratabia  patt  or  pro- 
portion tharoof,  with  tha  other  legateeo,  or  rapt*- 
icntatlvaa,  of  tha  dacaaaad,  aa  may  ba  nacaaaary 
lor  thaoaymant  of  auch  othar  legacy. 

■mM  or  •MteMttoM-or  Tw»  4>MI|(«m. 

Know  all  man  by  theaa  praaanta  i 

That  wa,  A.  B.  and  B.  A.,  of,  etc.,  are  held  and 
Brmly  bound  unto  C.  D.,  of,  etc.,  in  tha  aum  of 
one  tkouaand  dollari,  lawful  money  of  tho  Unitad 
Suiea  iA  Amaitca,  to  bo  paid  to  tha  aaid  C.  O., 
hia  eaecutoro,  adminiatratora  or  aieigna;  for 
which  payment,  well  and  truly  to  bo  made,  we 
bind  auraalvea,  our  aad  each  oi  our  haira,  eaecu- 
twa,  and  adminiatratora,  JoinUy  aad  aavarally, 
Armly  by  theaa  praaanta. 

Soalad  witk  our  oaala.    DnUd  tha  —  day  of 

The  conditian  of  the  abovo  oMIaatlon  la  aueh : 
That  If  tha  abova-boundon  A.  B.  and  B.  A.,  or 


either  of  thorn,  their  or  either  of  their  heiro,  ea 
— tore,  or  ndmlniatrntora,  ahall  well  and  trii 
;.  or  eauao  to  ba  paid,  unto  tho  abovo-nam( 


Sealed  and  doUvorod  la  ~  'I 
preaanca  of  W.  T.,  N.  a  / 


A.a 
a  A. 


\^\ 


tItMi-OMIatMrN  \m  OMk 
_. ■•!«•  ••  Tt»»  •»  *— 


■•Hdl  •»  OkUBMIIt 

■••Ik  Tw*  mrMm 

Xn«w  all  ma*  by  theaa  praaanta; 

That  wa.  A.  ■-.  af^ — ,  ia  tha  caunty  of  — , 
&  A.,  of---,  nro  haM  and  Rrmh> bmiiid  t«  C.  B., 

•« .  »•  C.,  ©f  — iumdutm  ffmtrt  Mitm),  ia 

tha  awn  af '— .  t(»>a  paid  to  the  aaid  C.  O.  and 
D.  C.  ar  altiiar  af  fliam  (/  m^in  tkmn  tm»,  *»,  or 
oay  of  ihem).  or  thair  cwtiijii  nttornoy,  aaacutora, 
adaaMamtot^  or  aaatgufc  tor  which  paymam, 
to  be  waU  and  trutar  hmmW.  wa  Mndouraalvaa 
acdaadi  af  ua,hy  Nmaat/.ww  and  aach  of  our 
hain,  amantMra,  an^  adaainlttntara,  flrmly  by 
taoaa  praaanta. 

•Mdad  wtth  mw  aaala.    Datad  tha day  of 

Tha  caadltioa^«r  thia  oMic«tteii  ia  auch  i 
ThM  If  tha  abwra-bmindMi  A.  &  and  &  A  .nr 
althar  •f  tham,  tbailr  or  rttbw  af  thair  botra,  a*- 
acworo,  ar  •dmlnlatrttora.  d*  nod  ahaU  waU  and 
"    be  paM(  wMa   " 


Mmad£  D.,  dTc.,  or  dtha*  of  tiiain(A^«i 
mm*m,Hf  ar  any  af  ihem),  tkalr  or  aiilMr  •! 


their  oaacutora  or  adminictratori,  tha  full  aum  of 
two  hundred  and  fiWf  dollara,  wiih  lawful  ii.tar- 

a*i  (or  the  aama  on  tha  —  day  of ,  naat  en- 

Buing  the  data  of  tha  abova-wrlltan  obligation, 
without  fraud  or  daliiy,  than  thia  obligatioii  ahall' 
ba  void  i  othirwioo  the  oama  ahall  rcmata  in  full 
force. 

•aalad  and  dalivared,  etc. 

BwNtl  wr  <»bltK»li«N-Aii«  Okliiwr  !• 
'M'vf'rMi  ObllHToew. 

Knew  all  man  by  theaa  praaanta: 

That  I,  A.  B,  of  the  town  of ,  in  the  county 

of .and  Stale  of .  am  held  and  Armly 

bound  unto  C.  D.,  of  tha  city  of .and  Stale 

»f .  B.  r.,  of  tha  aama  place,  ard  O.  H.,  of 

,  in  the  State  of ,  in  the  aum  of dol- 
lara {imfttiHg  Iht  ftmal  imm\.  good  and  lawlul 
money  of  tha  United  Stataa,ta  ba  paid  lo  tha  aail 
C.  D.,  B.  P.,  and  O.  H.,  their  eaecutora, admin- 
iatratora, or  aaalgna,  for  which  paymant,  wall  and 
truly  lo  be  mada,  I  do  bind  myaalf,  and  my  hatia, 
aaacutora,  and  adminiatratora,  Armly  by  thaao 
praaanta. 

Sealed  with  my  aeal  |  dated  thia day  af 

The  condition  of  the  above  obligation  la  auch, 
that  If  the  abovc-bounden  A.  B..  hie  haira,  oaac- 
utora, and  adminiatratora,  or  any  of  tham,  ahall 
wall  and  truly_pay,  or  cauoe  to  be  paid,  unto  tho 
above-named  C.  D..  B.P..  and  0.  H.,  or  their  ea- 
ecutore,  adminiatratora.  or  aaalgna,  tho  iuat  and 
full  aum  of,  CU.  (m  <m  »tA*reuitt). 

A.  a    r&ia/.J 
Bxccutad  in  preeenca  of  I 

w.  T.,  H.  8.       ; 

■•ml  •V,  AkllBMltoN— r«r  PrrftinmiNC*. 

T»  t*  /mtdtrmi  ««  m  tiwf  ><«!  /  «r  AgrMm^ml. 

Know  all  men  by  theaa  praaanta : 

That  wa,  A.  B.  and  B.  A.,  of,  ate.  are  held  and 
Armiv  bound  unto  C.  D.,  of,  etc..  In  the  aum  of 
one  thouaand  dollara,  lawful  money  of  the  United 
Sutca  of  Ameiiea,  to  be  paid  to  the  eald  C.  D.. 
hla  aaacutora,  adminiatratora,  or  aaalgna;  for 
which  paymant,  wall  and  truly  to  bo  mada,  we 
bind  auraalvea,  eur  and  each  of  our  haira.  aaacu- 
tora. and  adminiatratora,  Jointly  and  aavarally. 
Armly  by  theaa  preoenta. 

Sealed  with  our  aeato ;  dated  thia day  of 

The  eonditioa  of  thia  obligation  la  auch,  that  If 
the  abova-bounden  A.  B., hia  eaecutore,  adminia- 
tratora, or  aaalgna,  ahall,  in  all  tbinga,  aund  to, 
and  abldo  by,  and  wall  and  truly  keep  and  par- 
form,  tha  covaiianta,conditlona,and  agracmonta. 
la  tha  within  inatrumant  contained,  on  hia  or 
their  part  to  be  hept  and  perfsrmed,  nt  the  time, 
and  in  tha  manner  and  form  therein  apeclAad. 
then  tha  abovo  obligation  ahall  ba  void ;  alaa  t« 
remain  in  fuU  force  and  virtue. 

Sealed,  ate. 

mr  •fcllcMlm|-B^a|Mmtoalte 


Know  all  maa  by  theaa  praaanta 

That  I.  M.  R.,  maetar  (ar  owner.  «r  ouHMr  aad 
owner)  of  tho  ahip  or  vaaaol  called  tha  V.,  now 
lying  at  tha  part  of  — -.  am  hold  and  irmly 

ttaund  unto  C.  D  ,  of  tha  city  of .  in  the  caunty 

of ,  end  Btata  of .jaerchant  (er  uaio  B.  P' 

of ,  awl  C^D..  of ).  m  tha  aum  of dol- 
lara, good  Mid  lawful  iMBay  of  tho  Unitad  SUtea 
Ur  Hitr  v^rtatfim  n»k*  fm»minl  h  l»  t*  mmk),  to 
bo  paid  to  the  aaid  C.  D.,  hta  aaacutora,  adminia- 
tratora, or  aaalgna  (ar  to  the  laid  i.  F.  and  C.  D  . 
their  eaecuior*.  adminiatiaior*,  or  OMtgna),  for  which 
payment,  woil  and  truly  to  bo  made,  I  do  bind 
myaalf,  any  haira,  aaacutora.  and  adminiatratora, 
and  alao  ilio  aaid  abip  or  vaaael,  her  tackle,  ap- 
purai.  and  (tamttura  (ood  freight),  Armly  ^  theaa 

Soalad  with  my  aa«l:  datad  thia  day  of 

Wharaaa  tho  abovo-bminden  A.  B.  haa  (#r  A  R.. 

•?*.?■  ^  fel*  fr^^f  ••?••*"  "P-  **^  raeaived 

of  tho  aaid  CO., tha  AiM  and  )iwt  aum  of 

dollara.  wteah  aum  la  ta  run  at  reapondenua  on 
tho  aaid  ahip  ar  votaal  (Arnr  tUHt  Mr  ovmm  f^t 
•d<r*M#te«A«Mdr^attbarataor  pramivaaar 


fM 


BONDS  OR  OBLI(;ATIONt. 


—  pM  ••m.  tf  »h«  vAjraff*  (*'  ••  *•  »•••  "^  — 

|nr  CfM  Air  mry  ralfiulur  mmih  the  *rM  ihlp  or  *m- 
mI  thall  b*  oiil  on  ih«  miiI  -.uyaga,  (ntl  to  In  priipjrlUm 
fur  *  Uh  ilm*  than  a  mxnih).  In  (•naldaralion  mt 
wliUh  IM  oaual  rUha  of  th«  ••••.  rivara,  anamlta, 
Iktmt.mitmlj*,  au. ,  art  ta  ba  en  tha  aaaount  of  tha 
aald  C.  D. :  and  wharaaa,  for  tha  furlhar  aacurlly 
of  tha  aalJ  C.  D.,  tha  aald  A.  B  ,  far  and  an  ac- 
•aunt  af  tha  awnara,  Ihalr  aaaculora,  admlnlalra- 
tara,  and  aaalgna,  haa  agraad  to,  and  deaa  by 
Ihatapraaanta  mortgaaa  and  aaaign  ovar  ta  tha 
aald  C.  O.,  Iha  savaral  foeda,  waraa,  and  mar* 
chandlaa  ladan  and  to  baladan  on  tha  aald  ahip  or 
vaaaal  |  which  aald  gooda,  waraa,  and  marchan- 
diaa,  with  thali  pradyat  ara  thua  martgagad  and 
aaalgnad  ovar,  for  tha  aacurlty  af  tha  raapondantia 
tahan  up  by  tha  aald  A.  •.,  and  ahati  ba  dallvarad 
to  no  other  uaa  or  purpoae  whatever,  until  pay- 
ment af  thia  bond  la  Arat  made,  with  the  premium 
th^t  may  baeome  due  tharean : 

New  (he  candltlaa  of  tha  above  obUgatien  la 
auchi 

That  ir  tha  abova-bounden  A.  B.,  hia  heira,  ei- 
aeutara,  and  admlniatralora,  or  any  af  them,  ehall 
wall  and  truly  pay,  or  cauaa  to  ba  paid,  unta  tha 
aald  C.  D.,  ar  to  hIa  attornaya  (*r  i»  C.  D.  and  K, 

T.,  or  10  ihalr  aiinriicvi ),  at ,  legally  autborUed 

M  raaelva  the  eame,  or  to  the  eaaculora  and  ad- 
minlatrktera  of  the  eald  ( K.  T.  ami i  C.  D.,  the  luat 

and  (uli  eum  of dollara,  being  the  principal 

o(  thie  bond,  together  with  the  premium  whtch 
ehall  become  due  thereupon,  at  tna  eaplratlen  of 

mantha  altar  tha  aafe  arrival  of  tha  aald  ehip 

or  veeaal  at  her  moorlnga  in  the  port  of ,  or  in 

caee  of  the  loea  af  tha  aald  ahip  or  veeaal,  auch 
average  aa  by  cuatom  ahall  have  become  due  on 
the  aalvaf  a,  then  Ihle  ebllgation  la  to  bo  void  s 
atharwiae,  to  remain  in  full  Torca.  Having  aignea 
three  bonda  of  the  eame  tenor  and  dale,  either 
one  thereof  being  aecompllahad,  the  other  two 
are  to  be  of  no  elfect.  A.  B.    lSim/.\ 

Eaeeuted  In  preaenca  of) 
W.  T..>l.  «.  / 

B*N4l  •#  OMI«»tlMl-«MrTl««. 

/•  CMw/almUilM  ^  Ih*  Jhtfmmt  t/  •  JMi. 
Knew  all  maa  by  tlteea  preeenta  i 
That  I,  A.  B.,  of ,  in  aonaidaratlOD  of  the 


aum  of—,  to  ma  In  hand  paid  by  C.  D.,  of , 

liave  bound  myaelf ,  and  by  taeee  preeente  do  bind 
myaeif  a  eervaat  unto  the  eaid  C.  D.,  to  eerve 
him, '.be  aald  C.  D.,  hia  aaacutora  and  adminia- 
tratoro  (and  aulfna),  for  tha  apaca  af  — —  montba 
and  — —  daya  from  the  day  of  the  data  hereof; 
and  I  do  eovaoant  aa  to  eerve  (aithftally  during 
the  aaid  time  i  and  ao  to  eerva  at  tha  rata  of  — - 
daliara  par  month  for  all  each  moneya  aa  the  aatd 
C  D.  MM  undcrtakaa,  or  ehall  undartaha.  and  ba 
oMigad  to  pay  at  my  requeat,  far  ma  and  on  lajr 
aeaouat,  he,  the  aaid  C.  D.,  lading  and  provid- 
ing for  me  during  the  eaid  time.  In  iMard, 
lodgiagi  aad  waahiag,  aa  ta  euatomary  for  aar- 
vaota. 
In  witnaea  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  aat  my 

hand  aad  aaal,  tbia  — —  day  of , 

A  a    [Sim/.} 

■•M4  •»  OMIwUiaw  Bavew*  rmnmmm, 
■•■m4  ItovarMljr  tor  ■*«•»!  AHMiaia. 

Know  all  man  by  Ihaaa  preeenta : 

That  wa*  A.  B.,  of ,  In  tha  aounty  of , 

and  Itata  of — .and  B.  A.,of  — — ,and  B.  9,  and 

O.  H.,  af ,  in  aald  county,  are  aavarally  aad 

taapaetlvely  held  and  flnaly  bound  unto  C.  O., 

of  aaid ,  In  tha  raapactive  auma  followinc,  via. , 

the  eaid  A.  B.,  B.  A.,  and  B.  F.  in  the  aMmeV 

dollara  each,  aad  the  aaid  O.  H.  In  tha  .aum  of 
, — dollara,  giMd  and  lawAil  mon*y  of  ttia  United 
■tata8,to  ba  paid  to  tha  aaldC.  D.,hlaex3e«ter8, 
admlaiatratera,  or  aaalgna ;  for  which  aaid  aev- 
aral  paymanta,  well  and  traly  to  ba  fiada,  each 
of  tho»  doth  hereby  Ma^.  himaalf,  hiii  heira,  aa- 
acutora, aad  admiaiatratota,  aaverally  and  ra- 
apactivaiy,  but  aot  Jointly,  nor  and  for  tha  adier, 
Urmly  by  theee  praaaMa. 

■eawJwitli  our  aeala;  dated  tb|a dagr  af 

(ardiWibr 


TteaMditionarthia  bMi4to,a«B. 


Waml  mw  OkllvMltNi-NovorMl  faaaaiia 
■ovoritiijr,  fiar  M«>«ornl  Nwma. 

Know  all  man  ny  lhaaa  praaantei 

Thet  A.  H.of  — -,B.  A  ,  af ,  A.  A.,a< , 

■.  B  .of .and  A.  B.  A.,  of ,  are  eevarally 

and  raapacilvaly  held  and  bound  unto  C.  O.m 
the  raapaatlva auma  followlna,*li.,aachaf  thatn, 
the  aald  A.  B. ,  B.  A. ,  A.  A. .  ■,  B. ,  In  tha  aum  ol 
—  apltaa,  and  tha  aald  A.  B.  A.  in  the  aum  or 

,  IS  ba  paid  to  lha  aald  C  D  ,  hie  haira,  aii:  . 

to  whicl.  aald  aavaral  paymanta,  wall  and  truly 
to  ba  madt,  each  of  Iham  doth  hereby  blml  an  I 
oblige  himaair,  hie  haIra,  etc.,  eoverally  and  t(. 
apeetlvely,  but  not  Jointly,  nor  one  for  the  eihar, 
Armly  by  ihaae  preeenta. 

■aaled,  ete. 

■•■4  •r  OhUtmtUm-VmltnmUtmf* 
NMMa. 

Know  all  men  by  theee  preeente  i 

Thet  I,  A.  B.,  af ,  merchant,  am  held  and 

flrmly  bound  to  C.  D.,  of  aald  place,  banker,  ir, 
all  and  avary  auch  eume  and  eum  of  money,  at 
already  have  bean,  ar  hereafler  ehall  ar  may  ba 
paid  or  advanced  by  him  for  me:  mni  all  auch 
eume  of  money,  to  pay  whiah  a  liability  or  «n- 
aegemant  haa  been,  ar  ahall,  or  may  be  entered 
inro  or  Inaurred  by  him,  the  eaid  C.  D.,  by  reaaon 


or  maena  of  accepting  or  paying  lha  drafla,  bUla, 
or  promlaaory  notee  of  me,  the  eaid  A.  B.,  ar  by 
diacounting  for  me  other  Mlla  af  eachange  er 


promleeory  notee,  or  by  alTording  la  ma  other  pe- 
cuniary aeelatance,  together  with  lawtkil  interatt 
upon  the  eame,  from  the  time  or  reepeetive  timae 
of  paying  or  advancing  tha  eame  i  and  aleo  the 
commlealooe  and  other  chargaa  accarding  ta  law- 
ful cuatom,  to  be  paid  to  tha  aald  C.  D.,  hie  eacc- 
utora.  admlnletratora,  or  aaeigae ;  for  which  pay- 
ment, well  and  truly  ta  ba  made,  I  bind  myeefr, 
my  he'ra,  aaeculore,  and  adminietraia«a,  f  rmly 
by  theee  preeente. 

Bealed  with  my  aaal ;  dated  thie day  of 

.  A.  B.    [j*a/l 


Know  all  men  by  theee  preeenta  i 

That  I,  A.  B. ,  of  — ,  in coaaty,  and  Mate 

of ,  am  held  aad  Brmly  boaad  onto  C.  D.,  of 

,  in county,  aad  Btata  of  — ,  in  tlM  aum 

of dollara,  good  and  lawful  maaey  af  the 

United  Statae,  to  ba  tald  ta  the  aald  C.  D.,  hie 
eaeautara,  admiaiatratom  aa  aaalgaai  far  which 
payment,  well  and  truly  ta  be  made,  I  da  bind 
myaoif.  my  heira,  aaacutora  and  admlniatratara, 
Armly  by  theee  preeente. 

Sealed  with  my  aaal  i  dated  tMa  —  day  of 

Wba'reaa  the  eaid  A.  B. ,  for  tha  aoaeidaratian  af 

dollara,  ta  Mm  in  haad  paid,  ar  aeaarad  ta  be 

paid,  did  make,  ftnleh,  and  eaU  unto  tha  eaid  C. 
D.,  a  hot-air  engine,  with  retarta,and  aapwrta- 
naaaaa  (er  tittr  urikli.  mt  Ikt  etut  mm*  i*),  whtch 
ha  haa  dehverad  and  plaead  in  tha  Ihctary  afaald 
C.  D.,  which  ha  haa  and  hereby  daea,  lor  nlaMalf, 
hia  haiia,  eMcntara.  and  adminiatratoro,  warrant 
ta  ba  gaed  in  each  and  ovary  reapoet,  and  taia- 
main  gaad  and  aoflclant  fer  tha  apaaa  af  — 
yaara, 

Naw.  tharatora,  tha  aondltlan  af  tha  ahava  abtt- 
gation  la  each : 

That  if  tha  aaid  angina,  ratorta,  and  apparta- 
nancaa,  or  aay  part  thereof,  ahaH  witMa  tha  tinte 
.M  .  p  inealleient.  In  tlie 

int  and  dialntamatad 


aflsraaaid  pre^  dafcetiv*  ar  iaaaliaient. 

opinion  or  any  thraa  competan 

meehantce  ar  anfftnaero,  tiMn  thiaobUgati«n  la  to 


be  in  ttall  force,  ooierwlea  ta  ba  void. 

Baacutad  In  praadnca  af  I  ci  o. 

W.  T.,  H.  I.  ; 


[^■\ 


▼AKiovH  vnwnwnAM.  ci.Ainu 

CoNDmoN— Biix  or  Salb. 

OtMtr  J^rt$  i, , , 

Wharaaa  C.  D.,  af,  etc.,  awnar  of  « 
part  arpU  that ahip,  caBN  tha  I 


Owmrr  ^  fhrt  ^  m  SkM,  that  «■  Ommr 
'ktr  PmH{BHv  Airmuh  Skait  SMtmtt  • 
Smh  Himrf,  it,  Oiktr  Ommv  ^mU  Ar 
%rfr  AbvAv  Sxitmlid  i>4t  Smu. 


bONDS  OR  OBLIGATIONS. 


Ill 


»««rtt|  Www, 
wcuntai 

.at — ..A.  A..«/ — , 

. .  of ,  ar*  ••variily 

I  bound  un«0  C.  L)  ,  in 
'l<i<,  *la.,  aach  ar  l*iam, 

,■,■.,  In  %t%»  aum  of 
A.  ■.  A.  In  tha  aum  of 
Id  C.  D  ,  hia  haira,  au  , 
fmaMa,  wall  and  truly 
I  dalh  haraby  bind  ■».! 
ata.,  aavarally  and  tt- 
,  nar  ana  tar  Iha  alhai, 


n-Vb1Hi«M«IMI 

I. 

iraaanta  I 

larchani,  am  kaM  and 
aald  plaaa.  kanhar,  ir. 
and  aum  of  Monay,  ai 
raaftar  ahall  ar  may  b« 
I  far  ma !  mn6  all  auch 
vhlah  a  UaMlltyaran- 
lall,  ar  may  Im  aniarad 
la  aald  C.  D..  by  raaaan 
paying  tha  4rana,  billi, 
I.  iKa  aai4  A.  >.,arby 
r  Mlla  af  aachaaga  ar 
Har4ln|  ta  ma  athar  pt- 
ar  with  lawful  Inlaraat 
Ima  ar  raapaathra  tlnaa 
ha  aama  i  an4  alaa  tha 
trgaa  accar4ia|  la  law. 
haaaMC.  D.,lilaaaac' 
•aicaa ;  far  whl«i>  pay- 
«  mada,  I  bind  mjraafr, 
adminialratMra,  Irmly 


latad  ihia 
A.: 


-  <ay  ef 


-mtufwmmtr  Mtall 


caaaty,  and  Mala 
y  bauad  uiMo  C.  D.,  ar 

ata  af ,  In  tha  a«im 

lawfkil  maaay  af  tha 
i  la  tha  aai4  C.  0.,  hto 
«r  aaalgaa  t  *ar  wlikh 
lb  ba  ma4a.  1  da  biad 
ra  and  admlnlatratara, 

latad  tiila  —  «ay  ar 

tor  tha  aaaaMaraHaa  af 
I  |wtd,  ar  aaanratf  la  ba 
t  aaU  unto  iha  aaM  C. 
>  ralarta,  aod  afvurta- 
tit  tarn  mm»  it),  wblab 
dlnihatecMryaraaM 
aa,<l>rlili 


mbydaaa.1 

liNlnlatratora,  warrant 

vary  raapaet,  and  la  ra- 

Ibr  tha  a»a«a  af  — 


lltlaaartiiaabavaaM- 

I  ralarta*  an^  apparta- 
r.ahaNwItMatbaltaM 
ar  InaaAetam.  la  tha 
atant  aad  dialntaraalad 
MB  iblaabHcttlaa  la  to 
tabavaid. 

1&.   [^\ 


OHAI.  CMJkmWB. 

ixorSata. 

•  Skit,  tkmt  mm  Ommtr 
\hmi)  Simit  f  Mra*  m 
■m*rOwmtn  <a««lr 
mild  hit  Smmu. 


ibaul   «»a   hundrad    lana,  naw   lying  at,  ate., 

wnaftnr  A.  B. ,  of ,  awnar  of  ana  olhar  qu  ir- 

Kr  pait  of  tha  aald  ahip,  iha  abova  bound  O  M., 
owiiar  of  ana  oihar  quaittr  pjrt;  1.  K  ,  of,  etc., 
owoar  of  onaalahih  1141 1  of  tha  aald  ahln,  by  a 
b.ll  of  aala,  baaring  dau.  ate,  hava  baraalntd 
•  >.d  (Old  to  tha  aald  L.  M.  thair  atvaral  aharaa  In 
tht  laid  ahip,  and  tha  apputttnancaa,  aa  by  tha 
•aid  bill  of  aala  apptarai  and  wharaaa  O.  V.  and 
Q  N  .  of,  ate.  ara  ownara  of  tha  ethar  alahlh 
•"'J  iL"". ••'.**  •!»'?■•"<•  •'•  mada  partlaa  to  tha 
Mill  bill  of  aala.  but,  thay  bainf  abaanl,  tha  aald 
0  H.  Haa  undartahan  with  Iha  aald  L,  M.  that 
ihty  ahall  duly  aaacita  aald  b,l)  of  aala,  or  othar- 
wiM  by  aoma  othar  daad,  aufflclantly  cenvav  tha 
Hid  alghth  part  af  Iha  aald  ahip,  with  Iha  appur- 
unancaa,  to  tha  aald  L.  M.,  and  tharaupon  tha 
•aid  L.  M.  hath  paid  to  tha  aald  O.  H.  ilo  aum 
•'  -— .  balng  Iha  purchaaa-manay  for  Iha  aald 
•lahth  part  j 
Now  tha  condition  of  thit  abllgallon  la  auch  1 
Thai  If  tha  aald  O.  R  and  Q,  R.,  fhair  axac- 

utara,  ale.,  ahall  within aftar  Iha  data  abova 

writtan  duly  aign,  aaal,  and  aaacula  iha  aald  bill 

'L'"!  '^'r  ."•"  ''  »«  .  or  aiharwlaa.  by  aoma 
othar  daad,  duly  aaaautad,  auAclantly  convay  Iha 
•aid  alghth  pari  ef  tl-a  aald  ahip,  wlili  tha  appur- 
lanancaa,  la  Iha  aald  L.  M..an<S  If.  in  tha  maar* 
lima,  tha  aald  C.  U,,  or  hia  aaaigna,  ahall  quiatly 
held  Iha  aald  alghth  pan  af  Iha  aald  ahlp,  with 
'"f.  VIHirtanancaa,  belonging  ta  Iha  aald  O.  P. 
•"<•  9;  «i(  tL*"*"?  VJf  <•"'••  or  Intarrupllen  by 
tha  aald  O  P.  and  Q.  R.,  or  ihalr  aaaigna,  or  any 
"m,"  fV^'i  V,  f*"**  whaiaoayar,  than  thia 
obligation  ahall  ba  void,  aiharwlaa  M  ba  la  full 
(area  and  alTact. 

I'oNDiTiOH— BiL>.  OS'  Sal«,  By  P*aT  Ownik*  or  A 
SMir.  OK  SiLiimi  1MB  SAMa. 

u^""'"'  Bill  ^f  Salt /r0m  ik*  Oilur  Pmrl  Onmtr. 
n^'^'S".'*'?  •boya-boundan  A.  B.  haa  (or  A 
11  wkI  B,  A.  hava  I.  by  bill  of  aala  of  ayan  data 
Mrawllh,  aold  and  aaaignad  unto  Iha  aald  C.  D., 
nia  ahara  (•«•  ihair  tavanil  tharaa)  la  Iha  ahlp  ar  vaa- 
•al,  called  Iha  •..and  tha  appurtanancaa; 

And  wharaaa  jl,  N..  of ,  to  ownar  of  tha 

othar  — -  pail  of  tha  aald  ahlp  ar  yaat  j!,  but,  ha 
balng  abaant.  tha  aald  A.  B.  Kaa  («        {i.  .„d  H 

*  }1K*J  S."*"*?.''!"  *'•»'»  «•••  ••*<  that  tha 

•aid  M.  N.  ahall  duly  aaaeuta  a  like  .  .  «lfaala. 
or  aiharwlaa  by  aoma  olhar  daal,  ai  ^lanlly 

eonyay  Iha  aald part  of  tha  aald  anip,  with 

tha  aMunatiancaa,  to  tha  aald  C.  D.,  an/ thara- 
upon Oia  aald  C  O.  haa  paid  to  Iha  aaid  A.  B. 
tht  aaim   of  dollai*.  balng   tha  purehaaa- 

M?d  Sf  jt  **  ****  —  *"'*'  **  "**  '""'^y**  '•y 

Now,  tharafera,  tha  condiUoa  of  tba  abovo 
oblUatlan  to  auch : 

TSat  If  tha  aald  M.  M  ,  kto  aaaautora,  admlnla- 

tralora,ar  aaaigna,  ahall  within montha  aftar 

tha  data  abava  writtan,  duly  alf  n,  aaal,  and  aaa- 
euta ittch  biU  ofMla  la  Iha  aald  t.  D..  ar  aihar- 
wlaa dtthr  and  a«Aetantly  acMBvay  tha  aald  -r- 

r  V?^.  *•  P-'f^^M"!*^  maanilma,  tha  aald 

•  aaaigna, 

, ;  tha  Said 

;i"iI'M"i""":L.rr^'~' •■•""?""»  batonglag  ta  tha 
J!??J*-  H'lTlI"*"*  ••/<?■«  or  IntaSrtvtloo 
by  tha  aaM  M.  N. ,  ar  any  othar  paraon  ar  panona 
whataaavar,  than  thto  okUfUloa  to  ka  void  and 
of  na  allbet:  odMrwtoa,  ta  ba  and  romain  of  fUll 
foraa  and  virtua.  [S^mmtmn  »ml  Ma/.  J 

CoNornm-^'owvaTAMCB— That  a  Tmao  PaaaoN 
..^  Small  Cohvbv  om  Cnmao  o»  Auk. 
wharMM  tka  abava-baundan  A.  B.  and  ona  M. 
N.  ara  tka  haira  (#r  da.la.aa>  af  ana  D.  S^Tdfl 
caaaed,  and  aa  aiMk  haratafbra  aaiaed  af  cartatn 
pramtoaa  in  tha  ---  afaraaaid,  daacrikad  aa  fol- 
Iowa  I  <A*rr«<(HrJ*<r /rwaiirt);  and  wkaraZ  tiia 

lA. 
im- 

'jj***  ^"t  y**  *' f>*>  ooMMt  now  Jain  in  aa» 
^,^^.%*^*i*  »•  "^ C,.D. I andwhanaa 
A.  ^ 


.a.(M^aWM««M(r.l^).M«W«a<*rtkaa')  j 


premlaa  and  undailahlna  that  iha  aama  M.  M. 
•  iioulj,  aa  aoon  a*  ha  ahall  hava  alialnad  tha  aga 
of  twtnly  <tna  y»ar».  at  tha  propar  coata  and 
{•'•'K««of  «•'•  aaiJ  C.  O.ionvay  to  tha  aald  C. 
U.,hiah«lra  and  aMlgn«,  hia  undlvldad  Intaraat 
In  and  p<«rl  of  tha  aaid  prrmltaa,  haa  paid  Into  tha 
handa  of  Iha  aald  A.  B  tha  whul<  of  Iha  aaid  pur. 
ch^aa-monay  1  and  Iha  aaid  A  H  .  by  hli  daid  of 
t*»n  data  harawith,  haa  convaytd  hia  undivided 
IW*.'"  •"*'  f*"  "'  ""  ••'"  P'amlaai,  to  Iha 
aald  C,  D.  hl»  h«kra  and  atalana:  Now  iha  condl. 
lion  of  thIa  abllgallon  l»  auih,  that  If  tha  aald  M 
N.  ahall  wilhin  a  raasonabia  lima  aftar  ha  ahall 
havaaualnad  tha  aaid  aga  of  twanty-ona  yaa'a 
at  tha  propar  coata  and  chargaa  of  Iha  aald  C.  D  . 
convav  untc  tha  aald  C.  D.hi.  hair*  and  aaaigna 
by  auch  dauda  and  convayanco  aa  Iha  countal  of 
tha  aald  t.  I',  ahall  advlaa,  hia  undivided  Iniataal 
In  and  pari  of  tha  aald  pramlaaa.  and  thai  with- 
out any  conaldarallon  to  ba  paid  hlin  by  tha  aald 
'"•.P/"-"  ''oinfi  and  alao  If,  and  In  caaa  Iha 
aald  A.  B.  i„m,f  Hitmt  »lt*  ttitiii.  1/ mm,),  hia  (*r 
tliriri  haira,  aaacutora,  ar  adminlatratora,  ahall  In 
Iha  maanilma,  and  until  tha  aald  M.  N.  ahall  hava 
aaacutad  a-ith  convayancaa  aa  aferaaald,  aava. 
dafand,  haap  harmlaaa  and  IndamnlAad  iha  aaid 
C.  U..  hia  haira,  aaacutora,  and  adminlatratora, 
and  Iha  aaid  pramlaaa.  and  tha  ranta,  iaauea,  and 
proHla  Iharaof,  of  and   from  all  clalma  and  da- 

ir.llf?  '?  Jw  ""!!.•  ^''•i«"'i»'y  or  on  tha  part  and 
bahalf  of  Iha  aaid  M.  N.  than  thia  obllgatton  la 
ba  void ;  aiharwlaa  to  ramain  of  full  forca. 

{S-ignalurit  amdnmh.\ 

OvwniTioN— rm-BHAiTM  foa  tm*  PaarnaMAMca  or 
Tha  condition  of  tha  abova  obilaallon  to  auch. 
that  If  Iha  abova-namad  A.  B.,  hia  haira,  aaacu- 
tora, and  adminlatratora.  do  and  ahall,  wall  and 
truly  parform,  fulAI,  and  haap,  all  and  '<very  tha 
covanania  apaciflad  and  coniainad  In  a  carlain  in- 
dantura  af.  aic,  baaring  avan  data  with  thaabova- 
written  obligation,  and  mada  balwaan,  ale, 
which  on  tha  pan  and  bahalf  of  iha  aald  A.  B. 
hia  haira,  axaeulora,  and  adminlatratora,  la,  ara. 
and  ought  to  ba,  parformad,  rulAllad,  and  hapl, 
according  to  Iha  trua  intani  and  maaning  of  tha 
aama  Indanlura ;  than  tha  abova-wrillan  obtlga- 
tloo  ahall  ba  void ;  otherwiaa,  ate. 

CoNBi-noN— To  DaiivKR  I^ar  Titib  Daaoa  Wmbk 

FotiNK,  ITC. 

Wharaaa,  earlaln  titia  daada  and  avidancaa  of 
lilla  to  pramlaaa  haralofora  occunlad  by  tha  abova- 

bounden  A.  B.,  In  the  vlilaaa  of .  In  the  Siata 

of  — -,  hava  baan  loat  or  mialaid,  not  having  baan 
racordad,  and  Iha  aald  A.  B. .  upon  conva ying  aaid 
pramlaaa  t»  C.  D. ,  by  daad  of  avan  data  with  ihaaa 
praaanta,  acraad  with  him  to  oava  harmlaaa,  and 
haap  IndemnlAad  tha  aald  C.  D.,  hto  haira,  aaacu- 
tora, admlntolratara,  and  aaaigna,  agalnal  all  par- 
aona  whaiaoavar,  claiming  any  right  or  titto  to  tha 
aald  pramlaaa  or  any  part  iharaof,  and  all  coata 
f.?,**  ••'•1«««  •«»»n*«nf  tka  aama,  until  the  aald 
titto  deed*  and  avldaocea  of  tlija  ahall  appear  to 
be  found !  aad  alao.  that  In  caaa  tha  aaid  liito 
deoda  and  avidancaa  to  the  aaid  pramlaaa  ahould 
at  anvtimo  haraaftar  be  found,  then  the  aama 
Bhauld  ka  dativarad  ta  tka  aaid  C.  O.,  kto  keira  or 
aaaigna.  wkola  and  uneanealtod. 
.k^fTf  tt*  «»"J"1'«»  o' Mrta  obllgatton  to  aach, 
'^'^.K-!*".  —  "A  B.^  kto  keira.  aaacutora,  an({ 
admlniairatora,  do  and  akall  fram  time  to  lime, 
and  at  all  timaa  karaaltar  until  Ike  eald  title  deeda 
aiid  avidenaaa,  formlag  a  campleia  Uito  to  tka 
aaid  pramtoaa.  ahall  baTound,  oava  harmlaaa,  and 
heap  IndamnlAad  tha  aald  C.  D.,kto  kelr8,aBac. 
utora,adiMlnialrata(a,and  aaaigna.  of,  ftam.and 
agaiqat,  aU  martpagea  and  <^tkar  akargea.  and 
incumkraaoaa  aiSeflng  tka  .aid  premiaea,  and 
agalaat  an  and  avary  person  and  paraona  wkal- 
aaavOT.  claiming  any  ootaM,  rigkt  ar  tiito  af.  In 

IXiJiS.!*^' ?L'i'V"'*  «>»*f«o'l  and.  if  auch 
tltla-daada  and  avidancaa,  or  any  of  them,  ahall 
at  any  Uma  karaafter  ba  taund,  if  tna  eame  akall 
be  daUvarad  tip  to  tha  aaid  C  ».,  kto  keIra  ar  ae- 
!!P2l!?7'.''*'^^"*  nnaaaeeltod,  witkaut  fhitid 
ar  othar  delay,  than  thto  abliffaiian  to  ta  ba  ^mt. 
aiharwlaa,  to  fonaia  in  fkiUTorca. 

\,Sifmmtmimmm4*imk.\ 


I9B 


BONDS  OR  OBLIGATION!. 


CoMittfirtH — EvaruTi  *h  Aukihmimt 

TK«  *«fMtl«i«ii  •(  Ih*  aba**  «bligaii«n  la  auah  i 
hat  if  ihaakavt  baun<i<n  A.  ■  .  hia  aaaaulara, 

aJminiMratafa.  ar  auigii*.  an  ar  bafara  Iha 

4ay  ai nam,  ahall,  upon  lha  rtaaanabia  ra- 

4uaa«,  aM  al  iha  pff  >«••  an4  ahargaa  af  lha 
atti4  C-  O  ■  hla  haira  ar  aMign*.  maha,  aatauia. 
an4  4aU¥ar,  ar  aauaa  ao  to  ba.  la  lha  aal4  C.  U  , 
hta  halia  ar  aaatgna,  ar  to  aiich  paraon  at  paraona 
•a  ha  ar  Ihay  ahall  naminala  an<l  appaini,  and  lo 
auah  uaaa  aa  ha  ar  Ihay  ahall  4itakl,  a  gaad  and 
auMalanI  aaalgnmani  uf  all  au>.h  aalala  and  in- 
taraal  aa  ha,  lha  aald  A.  ■..  now  haa  in  lha  Uinda 

and  lanamanla  of  M.  N.  ai .  than  Ihia  auliga- 

lion  la  kw  vald ;  atMrwlaa,  !•  ramain  In  lull 
(•raa.  A.  •.    |^a/  J 

CoMBiTion— EneruTt  a  Quit  Ckiii  Daau  • 
Th«  (andlllon  of  tha  abava  obMgallon  la  auch  : 
Thai  If  lha  abcva-boundan  A.  U.  ahall  wall  and 
truly  maha,  aaaaula,  and  dallvar  to  iha  aald  C.  D. 
•  daad  af  ralacaa  and  ^ult-clalm  af  adild  A.  O.'a 
Inltraal  In  {ii*iifm»Hmg  Ikt  tr»f*rlf),  and  ahall 
aulfaf  and  parmlf  lha  aald  C  u.,  hla  haIra  and  aa- 
alf  na,  la  |»a<M«*My  ecaupy  and  poaaaaa  aald  in- 
taraal,  than  Ihia  awiaallan  la  t«  ba  vald ;  ethar- 
wlaa.  M  rainnin  la  rufl  faraa. 

A.  B.    \5ml.  I 

CmlmTinia-nnaDa,  RaTvaH  op,  on  Thbir  Vaiii*. 

Wharaaa  iKa  abnva-namad  C.  D.  and  K,  t. 

hava  daltvai ad  M  lha  abava-boiindan  A.  ■.  aar* 

lain  marchandiaa,  aanalallna  of  itllkt,  valvau,  and 

o«h«r  gooHt),  to  lha  vnlua  or  —  doluira,  to  ba  by 

him  aoM  iby  phWic  tala  wrikwllh.  fer  raady  muiiay) ; 

Now  lha  aondliloa  of  thlo  oMtgaUon  la  auah  i 

ThM  If  lha  anM  A.  ■.,  hla  aaaaitiofa  or  admin- 

lotrMora,  aholl,  within naat  ananing  tha  data 

haraof,  return  unto  lha  aoM  C  D.  aad  B.  9.,  or 
althor  of  iham,  thair  or  olihar  of  tholr  aaoautoia, 
admlntairatoroor  oaaigna,  all  auah  of  tkoaald  mar- 
chandiaa aa  ahall  than  ramain  unaoM  (catualii** 
Kapprmng  by  lira,  only,  «>ctp«ad),  and  MUTi  or  tauao 
to  ba  paid,  unto  tha  aald  C.  D.  and  B.  r.,  or  aithar 
of  Iham,  thaIr  or  aithar  of  thaIr  aaaaulot •  or  ad- 
mlniatratora  or  aaalgna,  all  aucti  monoya  aa  ahall 
hava  baan  by  him  than  raaalvad  for  tha  marchan- 
diaa ao  aolo  (or  ih4  prica  of  all  tuch  marchandlta 
which  •h<ll  ih«n  have  bc«o  vM),  than  thia  Obligation 
ta  ba  void  i  olharwlaa,  to  ramain  in  full  forca. 
{SittuUur*  »md  u»t.\ 

COMMTIOW— iLLBfllTtMATa  CNItO,  TO  COHTatailta 
TO  tHB  SUPPUBT  OP. 

Wharaaa  tha  aald  W.  W.  haa  mado  oath  bafora 

{.  P.,  a  Juatlaa  of  tha  paaca  la  and  for  tha  aat4 
own'       '  -^-.  ...- -.. —  . J-- 

A  B 


,  than  iM  abova-boui 


iaat4 

la^an 


coa4ltlmi  af  tM  abava 


.•rwwniyiof         . 

_  _  It  lha  Ibtiiar  of  a  mala  («r  bmala)  baatar4 
child,  af  whtoii  atM  bat  lataly  boon  dallvarad.  aad 
tha  aaM  A.  B.  haa  titaraupon  agraad  to  aaalat  tka 
aald  W.  W.  In  tha  aupport  and  naiikUMUMa  oftlM 
aald  child  I 

Now,  tharaforo,  tha 
eMIgatimi  la  auch  s 

That  If  tha  abova-beundan  A.  B..  hla  haira,  aa- 
acutora,  and  admlaiawatara,  ar  any  of  tMrn  '«r 
the  abova-boundan  A.  B.  and  i^.  0.,  or  aithar  or  lh«m, 
or  ihair  or  aiiSar  of  ihair  hatrt,  aaacuiora,  or  admlnt*- 
tratort).  ahall  and  do  wall  and  truly  pay  to  tha 
aald  W.  W. ,  hor  aaaoutora,  admlnlairaiara.  ar  u*' 
aigna,  towarda  itia  aupport  and  malatananca  of 

tha  aald  cMM.  tha  aum  of dollara  ami  — 

canta  par  waali,  far  aach  and  ovary  «raak  ^m 

tha day  Of—*,  during  tha  tarm  of  — jroara. 

If  aald  cMM  ahall  Uva  M  loag.  than,  aft.  (or 


CoMiMTioN— To  iHoaNmpv  ON  Patii 


,  _  A  Uia»  Mono. 

Wharaaa  tha  abovo-namatf  C.  i>.«  by  hla  hood 

or  obUgatlon  oodar  aaal,  haarinc  data  on  or  aMM 

tha  —  day  of  — %  baaama  boiwd  to  tha  abovo- 

bouodon  A.  B.  in  tha  poaal  aum  M  — -  daUwrat 

coadltioBod  Mr  tha  payaant  of  tha  aimi  of  — — 

tha  aatd  A.  B. ,  hla  aiiaciitom«  adaMo- 

dayof— —  (MaMir 


iratorm  or  aaalpiii  oi|tha— -d»yof  ;^-— jMa/i 

a  MidMHid,  wbaa  prodoead,  wttt  mora  Ai 
Ipaar;  aad  wharaaa  tha  aaM  hoad  la  aUagod 


AiOy 
'  to 


■•ThM  Awai  aaly  biadi  lha  «kfa|or  fcr  what  lahrraM 


^.V 


ba  laai,  ••  that  lha  aama  cannal  ba  fbund  i  an4 
whiftaa  lha  aaid  — ,  al  lha  ra^uaal  e(  lha  aai.l 
C  t>  ,  and  on  hi*  promiaa  o(  lnd«mnily,  haa  mail* 
him  lull  •aliaUiiian  uf  and  lor  lha  (aid  bund 
Naw  lha  <aii<iilion  of  lh;a  obligalion  la  auth 
Thai  If  lha  atrnvaboundan  A.  ■..  hia  haira,  aa 
aaulara  ar  adminialraiora.  ar  any 
in  (aaa  lha  aaU  bond  ar  abligaiion  ba  fuunU.  ur 
cama  la  lha  hand*  ar  powar  of  lha  aaid  A.  M  . 
hia  haira,  aaaculora  ar  adminiairalara,  ar  any  ul 
Ihann,  or  to  lha  htnda,  cuatudy,  ar  powar  of  any 
oihar  paraan,  dalivar  or  aauaa  lha  aama  lo  ba  il« 
livarad  unio  lha  aaid  C.  t)  ,  hia  aaatuiara  or  ail 
minialralara,  in  ordar  lo  t>«  canaallad,  and  aUu 
ahall  and  al  all  tiniaa  indamnify  and  aava  haim^ 
laaa  lha  aaid  C.  0.,hia  haira,  aaaaulera,  and  a.i- 
minialralara,  fram  and  againal  any  and  all  auiu, 
atliona.damagaa, coata, chargaa  and  aapanaaa  liv 
raaaon  af  aaiOond,  ar  anv  of  tha  monay  a«  paid, 
than  ihia  abligalian  ta  to  ba  void  i  oiharwiaa,  to 
ramain  in  lull  iar«a. 

\St»l 
[.Wo/. 

Homo  oa  Oai.ioATioia— iMuaMMiTV 
T»  Mtmnt/y  M.tktr  ^f  N*l*  tr  Aiitfttr  ^  '''^'  /•'' 

Know  ail  maa  by  thaaa  praaania : 

that  wa,  A.  B. ,  of ,  in  —  county,  and  tiaia 

of ,  and  B.  A.,  af  ^— ,  ara  hald  and  Armly 

bound  unto  C.  D.,  of  — ,  county  of  — ,  and 

tiaia  of ,  In  lha  aum  of dolhra,  good  and 

lawful  moncw  of  tha  Unltad  Staiaa,  to  ba  paid  to 
tha  aald  C.  0..hla  aaaculora,  adminialraiora,  or 
oaaigna  |  far  which  paymani,  wall  and  truly  to  ba 
mada,  wa  do  bind  ouiaalvaa,our  haira,  aatculori, 
and  adminiatratora,  jointly  and  aavarally,  trmly 
by  ihaaa  praaania. 

daalad  with  our  aaala  idaiad  thia — day  of . 

Wharaaa  tha  aaid  C.  D.  haa,  without  eonaidar- 
atlon  to  him  mavin 
accommodatlan 

made  and  advancad  la  ma  aaid  A.  ■.  nia  promio- 
aory  notalar  accapiada  billof  aachangadraonby  — 

upun  him)  for  ——  doilaro,  boating  data  lha  

day  of ,  and  payabla  to <w:ih  mMiaai),  — 

daya  aftar  th«  data  thcraof ! 

Row  tha  condition  of  thia  ohilgatlon  la  auah, 

That  If  tha  aaid  abova-boundan  A.  B  andB.  A.. 
thaIr  aaaoutora  or  adminialraiora,  or  any  of 
Iham.  ahall  wall  and  truly  pay  tha  aald  aum  of 
dollara,  far  tha  paymani  of  which  tha  aald 


am  w.  u.  naa,  wiuioui  conaioar- 

oing  tharafor,  and  aoialy  (br  Uia 

or  lha  abova-boundan  A.  B., 

cad  10  tha  aaid  A.  B.  hia  promio- 


nota  (*r  bill)  ki  ao  given,  and  tha  iataraai  thereof, 
on  tha  day  or  payment  therein  mentioned,  and  In 
full  diacharge  tnareof,  and  Indemnify  and  aavi 


harmleaa  the  aaid  C.  D, ,  hia  eaeeutora  and  admin- 
letralora,  from  and  againat  any  and  all  auita, 
aeiiana.  damagea,  coata,  chargaa,  and  aapi 
by  reaaon  of  aald  nota  .>r  iNlir,  then  thia  oL 
tion  la  to  ha  void  t  otharwiaat  to  ranMta  in 
ferae. 


ti  m 


CoHomoH— To  InnaMmrT  on  PAviim  *  Loei  Nora 
oa  Biu.. 

infhereaa  a  prowiMaory  noto  mr  ■»■>«  daiian, 
mule  by  — ,  ar  a  hill  of  aMhanga  draw*  by — . 
upon  — ,  hearing  data  M  —'-,  tha  ->-  diay  of 
— ,  and  payabla  —  monthd  aftar  the  dale,  w 

the  Mte  of  — ~-,  at  land  indarted  by  — r-l, 

and  wMch  la  now  tha  propaity  af  tha  aba ' 
bouadao  A.  B  .  haa  bean  loot  lar  dtMreyaJ),  i 
cannot  now  be  nrodiiead  by  him  i  aad  wl 
hlara4iM0t.aBd  upon  hie  jMBioa  to  M 
and  cava  harmleaa  tha  aaid  C.  D.  in  tha  premieea, 
andtodaUvor  no  tha  aaid  aota,  whan  feiuMl.to 
lha  aaidC.  O.,  tSbaeanaatted.  tha  aald  C.  DThaa 
thia  iay  MMd  unta  tha  aaid  A.  Ktha  auw  af — 
d««ara,tbaraeaiptwharaaf  tha  aaid  ATB,  datb 
hereby  acbnowladga.  la  roil  eatlaftietioB  aad  die- 
ebarga  of  tha  amd  nau : 

Nawtha  aoaditM 
auch  I 

That  if  the  abavo-boundan  A.  B.  aad  %.  P., 
tlMHr  liaira.aaaeutara,  or  admiaialratara,  or  aay 
of  ihem,  enall  well  aad  truly  iadeaiaiily  aad  aavc 

i^'^^'tafiiL'^'M^.'AllSi'^ 


Hum  or  Um  «lMir«  rtHgattoa  to 


Karmk 

iftiniaii 
'"III,  aa 
pana 
wf  itlh* 
alaa  da 
whan  I 
ba  can 
aiharw 


Whai 
aut  ca 
and  aoi 
bounda 
»y  — ( 

for 

andoo] 
-he  dan 
Now 
auvhi 

Thai 
Ihair  ha 
of  Iham 
paid,  Ih 
mam  of 
and  the 
Ihareef, 
nilVand 
Ihair  aai 
iham,>  fi 
raaaan  a 
and  all 
and  ca|ii 
lion  la  I 
forca. 


Omirri 

Where 
inetanaa 
andferli 

tha  aiM 
canain  i 

for  their 

Mow  II 
•i^h, 
Tliatif 


ilMMMn 

— .aada 

••Aaapi 
agajaat  iKci 
a  place  whi 

ba  agaimi  i 


<■•>• 


1 


(•niiat  fe«  Han4  (  »i\4 
lh«  c*^u««t  •(  «h«  Mi.l 
>(  ln4«mni<)r,  h«*  m«<l« 
1  lut  Iha  ■•■4  bun4 
!>■  oliliaaliaq  i«  tuch 
l<n  AH.  hi*  h<i>a,  «■ 

or  Any  at  th«m,  •hall, 
oblifaltoii  tM  fvunU.  ur 
■war  of  <ha  a«i4  A.  H  , 
miniairaloia.  ar  any  u( 
•lu4y.  ar  pawtr  af  any 
luaa  Iha  aama  la  ka  d< 
U  ,  hi*  aaatulora  at  ail 
ti«  c«n**lla4,  •n4  alau 
imnily  an^  ••¥*  hann- 
ma,  aaaaiilara,  and  a.i. 
•iiMl  any  •n4  all  ami  >, 
lariaa  and  aaiMntaa  liy 
y  •!  IM  manay  mi  (laiJ, 
M  v«M  1  athaf  WM«,  la 


tl    If-" 


:Wa/.| 

nM— iNIMMHttV 
f0r  Ml  t/t»r  t/  Bill  /ur 
I  Tktrftf,  wSiA  imttif 
praaania  i 

n  —  county,  an4  tui* 
-,  arc  haM  aii4  Krmly 
-,  •stinty  •!  — — ,  end 
I  —  doliara,  gao4  and 
•4  Slat**,  M  k«  pat4  lo 
lora,  admlntatraCaf*,  or 
ml,  wall  and  iruly  lo  b* 
la.aur  hatra,  taaautet*. 
\y  a«4  aavaratly,  ftrnity 

ita4  ihta day  of . 

haa,  wIUhhii  canaMar- 
•for,  and  aoialy  l»r  U>* 
abova-baundan  A.  ■., 
•  lai^  A.  ■.  hM  promia- 
•f  cachangadraarnby  — 

baailng  data  Iha  

0  —  (w;lfc  iniaiaM),— 

lit  oMIfailon  la  aiith, 
•undan  A.  ■  and  ■,  A., 
Inlairatoro,  ar  any  of 
y  pay  tha  aald  anni  of 
lant  of  whiah  iha  lald 
nd  tha  iBtaraa*  ibarMf, 
train  manliMtad,  and  In 
Id  Indamnlfy  and  aavt 
ia  aaaaiMdro  and  admin- 
Bat  any  nnd  alt  aiUta, 
eharyaa,  mm  aawnaaa, 
Mil;  than  UilaoMm- 
ilnKll 


tl  (Sfl 


on  Patimi  a  hon  Nora 

I.. 


aabango  drawn  7—. 


ntM  nftat  tba 

l«nd  tnJariad 


). 


profwty  of  tiia  aba**- 

toMiar  drMMmd).nad 

ykiMi  nnd wnaraaa at 

MMBMa  t*  MWMniQf 

d  CD.  IB  tka  ptawlaa^ 
I  nnta.  wlian  wmidt  to 
illad.tfe«MMCir6a« 
kd  A.  KtlM  mml — 
of  tba  adid  aTU.  doth 
ill  aatlafcawoii  and  dia- 


ika  ak»va  nWlgntlaw  ia 

dan  A.  ■.  nnd  K.  F., 
ndattolatintyia.  or  nny 
itjt  IndanaBHy  aa4  antra 

in  if  ba  ba  oiMMd  fc*  bWM 
(iAMiat.).i«|. 


BONDS  OR  Oni.KJATlONa. 


>* miaifatawfc  ttmm  and  aaalnai  ih.  .*i4  nnia  i- 
lI-liTf  Vr  fi    "••"••«••.  •«•••,  cha.(aa,  a>.4  aa 

•;j^i*'.r'^'' *'"••""' »'  "'^  "•••  ("'"III,  «„4 

whan  and  a*  aou.i  *a  iha  aam*  ahall  ha  found,  la 
b*  aanaallad,  than  thia  obliaaiion  la  to  b*  ^  4 
atharwtao,  to  ramnln  in  fuU  lotaa 


»fl 


u 


I  Vm/ 


1 


C'Wnn'MMa— UiMrMMiTV 


It  Indimmi/i,  />•././..  //„,/„  Im,l4^ml /n  Att* 

m»4mlitm,  A^»lK,t  I  hililll,   l%trt*t 

Wharaaa    iha   aald  C.   D   A    Co    hava,  wilh- 

oul    (onai4*ralion    lo    Iham    moviiw    iharafor. 

boundan  A.  «.,  indotsod  a  momiaaoty  noia  mad* 

■)' <"  'wUiifx.haoga  ili,>«>nby up,,!, , 

'•' dollar*,  baaring  data  iha day  af 


*  I  JairiharMf "*'"'  '"""*"• "'•>'•  •'»•' 


;h*i 


••Kh^  '"*  ••'^'•^  •'  "»•  •*•*•  •fcltf nii^i  ta 

Thai  If  tba  abova-boundan  A.  B.  aad  B.  A  . 

ih.ii  haira,  aaaculera,  and  adminiatratoro,  or  any 

of  Iham,  ahalj  wall  and  iraly  pay,  ar  «au*^  to  Si 

paid,  Iho  (alii  aiiM  of dadara  far  ih.^u 

m.M  af  whUh  IbTaTld  nola  (tTwi)  «  .l^VKS 

i'ha'',JL'VJ2i*:«*T!..ftm'^*^*"«  >•  ??a  w; 

in«r*or,  and  in  full  dlaaharaa  ibaraof.  and  i>4am 
nify  and  aava  barmlaaa  Il7  MUdcB.  rndVT 

lh!S;r,*«"**v'^  •^•■t«ri««Mi«;..nd^rhVf' 

•nd  all  •nlia.  acMona.  damaaoa,  aoau!  tkarxaa 

n!!!l*i'':"^5L7"*^  iharoSTthaTSii^": 
fw.    ••  *•  *^ »  -tlwtwiaa,  to  ramaia  iTTiill 

[Smi 


ftS    ItiJ 


(>MmTi(N»~To  InnaMMirv  a  Svaar*  m  «  Bond 

„,». .!*>"  fAVMBWT  o»  Moftav. 

ih*  aaMTA 


<2*5»t.  tnwAa  monoy.  an  aWaaatl7Mn*tiMir>d 

'H/JliJSI?  CZT"  "  "^^  "**'  "•'  '-^w 

•«a^'"^*  •*****^  •*  •*•  '*•'*  •W'fAttno  in 
Tkat  If  Iha  abovo-bonndon  A.  B.,  and  bla  haira 
.aaamM,  and  •4mlmainMr*.  w  iS;  mT^' 
Wflt  niy  trahr  nnv.  or  aanaa  t»iS:,SiA^Sl 


•aaaui 


"wjjtd  B.  r.,  hil  aaitiatara,  admtalai 

fisi«\iK^aror~ftS.'Tr£2r 


5MSHSa-&-F*S 

""•JM*  C.  D.  rtM^rewtaln  prawlnaa  In  (mmt 
— •AMMMt.r.nfMalntmaMiiotUloMMM 

IS 


Now  iha  ..„d..„„  „,  ,h,  ,fc^,  obinailoa  I, 
■bal   If  Iha   aiMva-boundan   A    ■     kia  k^i.. 

:"a!.-::ii  'ard'.i:.'y-.r5r,S  •"'  f'-? 
.nj ....  ha,mii'.:'\h:'.;.'i  rs"  h'liTa*:^ 

....uiora.  and  adm.„lalra",1,  Lm  ind  a.a.n7.' 
any  and  all  aiiiiona.  auiia,  damaaTa    Joaff  1.4 

jjiMion  u  la  ba  void ,  athatwiaa.  la  raniain  in  fyli 

A  1.    (J*./ I 
t  •*mTm»  -  lira.  ,.,  K.„  ,  !.««.»  Ih  bimu      \ 

l!::.'rhr.7aVhri'h:tiiird'vrraJ 
^u"rdTyVh%\'hi-.-^55?,^^ 

ro-dlHiVr  •?,"••?  •"'»  m.Tn,.m'',ha".::i 

u..  In  Ih*  hou>«  of  him,  ih*  MkM  Ik.    «   \>,,ik 

S:rii"."i;^-nrt,-  '"-  •"  -Si  '^V.  na^ri 

O*oiri.i»  -  M*»a»,  oa  m  P«»  *  s„„  ,„  m„_„ 

Jh.    rondiimn    of   iho    ab.v.''"a''bi;;aimria 

D  ,  d.u,hl.r  oflh.  .aid  c'TTf  ^M  *T.y»  B' 
w.l  lhar*imto  aaaani  ,„,!  Ih.  W,  of  thi  ij?: 
(-.  "jnm.mwaalihiw.Hlp.rmlt  Iha  aama  w  if  U 
■hall  haopao  ihni  tha  aaid  A.  K  ahaU  Li^im 

S.^ai!;^r!!!y^.:i"r•£^•^^^^^ 

naat  anoiMU|  tho  aoid  day  of  — .:    *h^ 

mantionad  and  limitad  fbr  tha  aaid  rfi'mXHH^ 


-M  tba  dayViR  d^^Jte^'lTirr?*? 

~  iTiM'iiS'^^r^rhiJi'rjy*^  *^  »•»•  ••" 
No«  lwm^uS%i^xJ2,«i  "i^s*!*:  ••• 

=^2?5?a^  «»*v7!k.'teiff',sn.:sy':? 

•urn  tha  nbo««-houndoB>.  a  amaJto  nl?  .^ 

**<'  *'  ff  **'  t*  ■■  PAMi  onto  Iha  aald  —-  imMml 
■raroanM.  OM  Mrawar  aatlaiy  and  diaebargo  tba 


MONDH  OR  om.lOATIOMB. 


•II  »m4 


,  MVIM  Ih.  mM  0.  O..  W«  M»»«.  {■•••2>^. 
RMitaMk*  ■•i4  MalgM.  »!•»«  !•«  •»  aM  *•" 
ii4  «U  manMr  •(  ••M«.  •••ft*^  ••••■• 

W  MM  ««M.  (UmtwIm,  M f«fna«)i  la  nH  '•'M' 

■••h.  llMAittiuo  ti  AutMoama*.  Ct^mmmti 

lhM»|i.kla*»la«.  l-»^  Aixmm%,mm. 
ilMlia.  kM  tl.H.ii,  >W.>*« 

,    KM    Mllll4>«   i>A«l 

j«ll.  »•••  MirwM  i»*i  ONiroaATioaa. 
)fffmm»m.  Hm  Animai*     ll*UMairn 
larjr.  Hm  M*airiM»  l-AM. 
il  ■•••.  **••  L.«rta*«ti    ll*l.« 
n't.  lo*  Kviuaata,  Ha*i.  Paor^mr, 
II.  'm  Ilaw  •>•>•     llm  aHiiAirra 
„J|.  HM  liimiiiki  n     l.iyiKAdr*     r«i)«r» 
llltMa>  Mm  H<ia<>i.*r>  .  CiiiiiiaAi   l.*w 
tkiM*    •••»••    Am    Aaaair.    Caiaif'i 

'aACTtCB. 

iM,  %•»  MaoicAi.  Law 
•.  laa  CantiHAL  Law. 
in.  taa  CaiMiaAL  Law. 
J*.  Ma*  Mkinwa* 
m-',  8m  ihiAcm:* 

,.  j«r  vr  »«rt«.  Km  raALTt-i. 

lr«ll«»*.  Hm  Auam  V :  RAH-Maim. 
.  SaaCaiMiHAi.  Law 
J.  »aa  PaaaimAi  RaiAruiaa 

iV.|»>l4»«>  Km  I'aawmAt  Mai-ATlwNo 

liM.  Am  Mmiuai.  Law 
[Mlai.  Hm  RaAL  PattraarT. 
Il,  Im  CuHTaAcn ;  tAl.M. 
_^.  illOf.  Saalloaa* 

""  f  •••  Pl»A»«"«» 

laiHUML  Law. 


I.AWI 


}lUk1U. 


VawMTa  AHB  Maaavaw. 

Im«9  ■■•If*  •n,*'"*  •>•  • 

HoHaaAHaNoTaa;  HowMi  Tma 


•aa  Biixt  oa  BacMAMua . 


«^MMw  •#  AmUmm.  Hm  PaactMa. 
<'•«••«.  *»*  rAtawr*     Paarfl^  • 

<•*••«  Jttmptir.   Hm  I  ••«? aArra ,  naaoaAt 
I'uftvaaiii ,   a  (At  I'u'Waatir     ^alm 
<'a4a.  %**  l>>r«iia«ri»«A>  L-*« 
<'awa.  *<«•  •>•'•»■■■•■>     iHMAatrAVta. 
4'«#|.  Hw  faA'  III  ■ 
('•■It.  •••  I'laABlw.      I  ••<  Ilia 

4'«M*|«*y.  H-M  I  •'••■•X  ••    Pi.aAM«». 
4;*««lMwl«  •#   aavtatrir.     *m   MAamiit 

I.AW 

«^r«tM«M|  4lH>«li.   Sm  ■lua  oa  KaiNANua, 

H<>«a«  AHa  NotM 
t^rt^mwmrt.  Km  PaActtca 

jlaaaiaa.  Hm  U<(«aaini-:w*Ai.  I^w. 
it  (%m*  TvtMM.  Hm  Tauara. 
•.  iM  ('aiMiwAi  Law 
>.  Hm  Houm  .  Haat.  PaoaaBTT 
•f  OwMirM.  Nm  Maacfcirriia 


HoMaai  TiMi 

RaiitlwiMliw..  Sm  CoHvavAMCM. 
•dws.  tMBAiuiawTa:  Cowmom  Caamaa*. 
ate.;  CoaroaATioiia. 
«)l»Ma««.   SaaOovaaiiMSH*;  Otnca  ahw  0»i>i- 

It.  Baa  MiUTABt  Law. 
,a4»r.  Sm  CaiMiMAi.  Law  i  Tma :  YaAa 
iMaa  th«  ri!M««Ufc  >aa  PaacTKa. 

^^rtfeSS.;  vot-. 
~M.  iaaNAcnca^ 
!•,  iaa  DwKMni  DaacainMimi. 

,Slf  fuPBfM«p<>  •aaCaiNiHAi.  Law. 
iCi  jtyj^.  gaa  CMVoaatioM. 

lUiMtlgil^.  Bm  SliUTAav  Law. 
Ma. iMlliutAav  Uw. 

«M.  laa  MiutAM  L*w. 

I.  iaa  CaiwiMi.  Law. 

SaallAiuiawra:  DiLioaaca:  Mwimawca. 
aawvAi  Saa  BAiuaawra;  M*arnMa  Law. 
CMvSmI   KM*«l«4(ir*<    f^  CaraiMAL  Law: 
MbmcaiJXawj  RA»a. 

•V.  iaa  BAiMMfn. 

rtaHt A««|r*  »*  CaiiiiwAi,  Uw. 

iM^MrMTT,  arc.;  Wamw. 

iMajUllt   SaaSioiiATWW.  

BMU  SaaBAiuiBirrai  Commm  Camim*. 
aTC^__ 
CaWS*  aaa  rSAcrica. 
tmni  Iff  aaal>«AcncB. 

^S.1fia  MbMT. 
CMJI  ■■■111  Sat  BooK-KaaniMk 

~     '  Saa  Cmmimal  Law. 

~i  AoanairT. 

.  |aa  IirraawATMMiAi,  Law. 
,  iaaCAM!  PnAcnca. 
...jl^.  SaaBAaOAiar :  CowMMCit. 
ADUWi  PkAcnca. 


Law 


.,j Am  PaAttKB. 

C  laiwartT    Hm  CtnrraAcni  CaimwAL  Law, 
-tfiiMllar,  •«;  Otma  aim  Oancaaa. 


rr.  SmOi 
J  tafCoui 

Im  RaAL  Pannum. 


«!|NMM9rartaa  Couan ,  PaatTica. 

•m  RaAi 

r.  8m  tnaaiK  a. 

CowraAtTai    D«* 


raACta 


Ltaaa; 

.  Joaitj  PaacTica. 
ItaM.  fiMUirrt. 

MMTtr*   ^  AvvsMOitTMairTi  On*- 

riUMttljr.  BMCBIMWAt.   Law;  SukHMll  iHT- 

llaaawca. 
CfcwHwl.  Saa  >aiwi». 

«%••(.  Sm  CowtaAcra  I  _raAi»B 

4;iMMil.  Saa  Biua  oa  RatiiAavai  Bowaa  and 
Noraa. 

CklM.  Mm  DaacBWT:  DaacaaaAaT* ,  PaaxiMAi. 
Ri 


»WLS;A?K:;:sr 

'     A«Mm.  Sm  Ri«mt«. 

lI^jSMiaUOMN. 

aai  raoraa 


Coiflmi  PfACTKa. 
AiNSmi.  Sa»  AcTM 
MBm  Saa  BviMURa. 


i  Acrioa  i  Vbacticb. 

Avrwoainaa  i  f  bactk*  :  Paocaan 
'aaaoHAii  RatJ^iMtMB. 

.  Saa  Acnowi  Pbactkb. 

....  ilfimummUum.  Baa Cbimihai.  Law  j  Oov- 

"CHril  '■SiilirSaa  Pbathj   Pmmokaii.  Rbla. 

p.  Saa  Law. 

k<«  CwmiAcni  Oatiov 

Saa  OvPtcii  akd  Oancaaa. 
Saa  FBACtKB. 


i  RMNta. 

SaaAMtiBALTvi  PaAcnca 


COMVBfAl 


lAI.  RBLAiyW. 
_      . .    WmWW  i    ROOTW 

t  LAwai  Wiua;  m. 
~     Mabitimb  Law 

SaaC 


t  CowniAct;* 


lOMMBBCIAL  LaW. 

WamMoa. 
iaa;  waiTiiKW. 
Saa  OaaicB  and  Orti- 

Omca  AmOaricaiti;  Pbh- 

SaaOB»iCBAii»0*vicaaa:  Paa 


iRsALpMaan*. 

WmWtuM. 

Saa  ActBi  CoMTBAcn 
Law. 
ClBWllBM   Sfi  FuAUMO. 

^'^ ^*^  '-artBAMMo, 


CaiHIMA. 


^i^» 


COUTH  AfT*. 


ttumm 


'1 

liMtMl 


■MAMrAvn. 


>,•*• 


■4M     MMITIMt 

INU*  ••    iMIIMIMi 


*T*i.  Lao. 

kL  l.»W  

Hcikt.  PanvWTT 

#••.   Him  Mawj.imta 

•  «MiOn>*caM. 

PtMTKB. 


l« 


IM-riCB. 

tiim. 


AfraaMMrmaifri  Cmi- 

,  Law;  tLAimaii  Inr- 

RM(HAMMi:  Bimm  »»n 
iBKiMBAim.  PiaacwAL 

riTAMM. 


RlONt*. 

LKIIMI. 


ErH.-«.        _ 
AcTtoai  tmmcntm 

iMt  N«c-rtcB:  fwXMn 
Rm-atuhm. 

WD!   PKACnCS. 

tw  Cmmiiml  Law  :  Oov- 


M  CownMcn;  Oauov 
tea  *ra  Ovncnt. 

MCTKa. 

Itiairri. 

u.m  niMmca. 

n:  BoMMi  CoimiAcn 
ta:  m. 

iCoMMnicML  Law. 

MfaiTtMM. 

mm;  waitiinw. 

8m  OfWICU    AMD  Oivi- 
I. 
ncMAmOwncMim;  Pih- 

ncaAmOyncnn:  Pi« 


CowTVAcn-  Caimima. 
muw>. 

pn- 
L 


IMMAII,     '4«r?A»ln«i 


•MAI. 

►atw,   Im«/a 

fwM«M.   1m  lit  Mmii* 

<'wllt<ilm«.  <!•■  MtaiiiMs  Law. 
4'«IImii«ma,  "*••  I*  •«i.i«i 

4wl««lal  l.«w.  <t..      «« 

<'«iw«r.  1^  (l..vi«H«>i.r 

r«l«r.  H..  tUafiHti  »i>i«ii,,in    Plaaidimi 

<  WIA.  <Um  AxiM<i  1     M'ia<« 
(>wn»Mn««I««.  •<«■  (  ■iwinai.  Law, 
<w«itty.  tM  I  «*. 
rw<NMi«M»»n(..,i,  ■<.•  Pia4iiitm 
*•*•■••'•••  •*«•  loT'nnATKiitAi.  Law 

J^ntlMMl^ir.   •<«  Miiir*»»  Uw. 

*'•*'•••«•»»"•*•  v.  PnATTira 

J,??? "•'•*•"•    ^~  I.Bttnt  ATfOW. 

(wwiiMwd.  •«••  Ml*,  i>ii.ir«iirv 

JWIWIWWW  ■*«•*•   '*•   ('l  ntniwrl 

JJ*****"  ••W*fc,  •(.-  (-..).iir» 
..*"••"  "'••^••T.  •m  r»H..».  Rmi  P.or 


•it 


rSZ222  £?**'?''•  '^  iNAmc. 


■LATinmi 


Jw22?"7*    *«<^"«»"««T.OH, 


Evi 


1st  SniCAiniKAi.  Law 


''•■••»  Saa  MAA'tAoa. 
••  ^CaimimalUw; 


)laifTM*rB. 
vLaw. 


-y—  *M  Maaitim 

m-A,,;  ,  ta...  .4;  «  B.  A  Ald.Vj'i  t&H;Z 


<'•«•  rMMlwM.  1«  t  ..•.rat.  i, 
(*MA«#a|«.  Am  fi.,v,,»|,„, 
('•mMUI.   1m  I, a* 
Mm^Z"'*^''"'"   "•'•''•»••     Ha.wi.ai  Pa»» 

.A^'r.**"**"*"-     "*•""••".     rfA«HIAl«». 

«'22rii2r*iLV' *""'"*"•  »«»"•*•• 

MS!22f  "^V-    ""  •'"••"'•'    HAiAtmAA 
<«w*«(ti.    Hm  (  nwraa    r*    **ia< 

<-222!r..ri. .'  viT"  •  *""  '•'•"tAA 

*  •»««rW#*lw»l.  m«  iJtiianr  RirNAHna    Mnaa* 

W',",^"*-'   <-"-'-*^«r  lA.UAAm:*V.AcT;S? 
«  waiawHallww.  Am  Paactica. 

I.**?**?  •"••••    **••  MA«aiA<IA 


I  1ALTN  ^  MriM 


c>*  LAbiwn. 


UwhwwwM.  »M  ■AiLi.ain*!  Iiu 


<  0«liW««Nl.    NM  DAMAOaA 
HllMAINOaB.     ()•■ 

*•»••;•«•■•"••.  «••  PaArtrra 


CowraAfra 

MTATB.    LaaACT 


«'M«ii~i7r'B~"'/'""""*"*^""':    nAMAora. 

La*  "*  •'  '*■'•    '^«  •""•AArioi.u 

« •WTII.'4<y«.    Sm  Anamrv     Ar»».i«ira.i.i. 
Aiiii.NMBiri  :     n*iiHaMTi       Hi...    ..•.•""•*' 

1*u«:  8„.BTV.H,r;  WTaT;;'';"Ut.'^*A''.''"*""' 

tlrtcrAllnfl  Mween  two  or  more  partie*  • 

•ion    with  a  mutuality  o(  Mig,ti!^  "k  * 

All  contract,  .r.  dividad  Irto  two  claaMit 
I.  SIMPI..  toNT.Acn  ar,  thoAa  „"  "f 
Ap«cialty  or  record.  They  are  ,h«  low^ 
cIaa.  of  axprw.  contmcta.  and  umwtf  mZ 
n«rly  to  our  Kener.1  dafin|,io„  pf  .  co„irA« 
They  .re  l.y  /Vrrj/  (which  include,  both  "« 

oral  «r"L  ^'"  ""'"  '""♦<"*"''«  »>*'*•"« 
oral  .nd  written  contr.ct.  ia  their  mode  of 
proof.  And  it  la  iiiucuraie  to  didtinBuUh 
VfrMfn^mwr,t^m.'  for  contract,  are  equall, 
vftM  whether  the  word,  .re  wri/tm  or  sMfL 
-~<he  meaning  of  verbal   being  eapre..Hln 

mortg«|{ea.     They  are  not  men-ly  written,  hut 


m 


CONTRACTS. 


iknttf,  italtd,  and  d*lietrtd\n  the  )|>«.ty  bound. 
Tlie  tolemnities  connected  with  these  act*,  and 
th«  fomialitie*  of  witneuing,  gave,  in  early 
timeii,  a  character  and  imporunce  to  thi»  claw 
of  contractu,  which  implied  so  much  caution 
and  deliberation  (conHideration)  that  it  was  un- 
necessary to  prove  ihe  consideration,  even  in  a 
court  of  equity.*  Very  little  of  this  real  solem- 
nity (except  witnessini;)  now  remains,  and  a 
scroll  is  substituted  for  thn  seal,  though  seals 
have  in  some  States  been  abolished  and  wit- 
nessing rendered  unnecessary.  Still  the  dis- 
tinction with  regard  to  specialties  remains  in- 
tact. When  a  contract  by  specialty  is  changed 
by  a  parol  agreement,  the  whole  contract  oe- 
comet  parol/ 

Th«  law  makes  no  distinction  in  contracts, 
except  between  qonlracts  which  are,  and  con- 
tractt  which  are  not,  under  aeal  ■ 

Spedalties  include  contracts  of  record,^  as 
judgments,  recc^nixanccs,  and  the  like.  These 
are  the  highest  clasa  of  contracts.  They  are 
contracts  entered  into  by  the  intervention  of 
some  public  authority,  and  are  witnessed  by  the 
highest  kind  of  evidence,  vit.,  matter  of  record.' 

"Agreement"  is  seldom  applied  to  special- 
ties ;  "  contract "  b  generally  confined  to  sim- 
ple contracts:  and  "promise"  refers  to  the 
engagement  of  a  party  without  reference  to  the 
teasons  or  considerations  fo7  it,  or  the  duties 
of  other  parties^ 

An  agreement  ceases  to  bcsoch  by  being  put 
in  writing  under  seal,  but  not  when  put  in  writing 
for  a  memorandum,'  or  as  a  simple  contract. 

Conditional  contracts  are  those  which  are  to 
<wve  full  effect  only  in  case  of  the  happening 
of  certain  events  or  the  existence  of  a  given 
state  of  things. 

Executed  contracts  are  where  nothing  fiutber 
^njiaint  to  be  done  liy  either  party;  as.  the 
sale  and  delivery  of  goods  for  a  price  paid. 

Executory  contracu  where  something  fnrther 
is  to  be  done  in  order  to  perfom  th^  contract ; 
'  as,  the  purchase  of  a  horse  to  be  delivered  on 
payment  of  the  price. 

Executory  agreements  are  s:  ih  as  i-eat  on 
articles,  msmorandumSrjMrol,  pramisct  or  on- 
dertdcings,  and  the  like,  to  be  performed  in  the 
fattuv,  or  whidt  are  entered  into  ptepaiatiwy  to 
mors  solemn  and  formal  alienattoos  otptopeity.' 

An  extaMt  agrttmmt  always  cortcj*  a 
chose  in  fotutstM*,  while  an  txtttMty  agrtt- 
mmt conveys  a  choiM  in  »ftiom  only. 

Express  ooatrads  are  where  the  terms  of  dw 
contract  ara  openly  ntterad  or  pat  in  writiag  «t 
the  time  of  nuJcing. 

Implied  contracts  are  those  which  the  Imr 
presames  the  parties  to  have  made,  althooi^  tiw 
tenns  were  not  openly  exprnsed. 

•-nowd.  Mj:  y T.  R.  ♦«:  4B. »  Ad. <S*j^N^- 
itisirmM.  E|,  «4>,a.  Fa  wall*.  At,'9nai.sgi: 
13  Wand.  M._jr-nMMs'  Coatr.  i.  ■•!  Vmmtme 
Contr.  7.    14  Br  Comai.  4(1.    i-3  Bm,  t<^« :  r  T. 

k-UMM  Ahr.  I  It.  1'FaaidU  Contr..  wm*  Scot^tt*. 
IS-*  Bl.  C<NBia.M4:  tT.  R.  !a«u«Sco«t,<g:  il|ev. 
ft  P.  trn.  ••TMkr'Uw  .OmM.  |»4Ma  PaMOM* 
i^ontr.  Vol.  t,  1^  a.    %■•  Kas.  i}s :  M  Ohio,  v-V^ 


Thus,  every  one  who  undertabes  any  office, 
employment,  or  duty,  impliedly  contn\ctv-  with 
his  employers  to  do  it  witn  inlqgrity,  dlS!s<:nce, 
and  skill;  anc'  he  impliedly  contracts  to  do 
whatever  is  fairly  within  the  scope  of  his  em- 
ployment." 

Implied  promises,  or  promiMs  in  law,  only 
exist  where  there  is  no  expri-i  stipulation  be- 
tween the  parties  touching  the  same  matter/ 
for  a  thing  which  is  expressed  invalidates  that 
which  otherwise  might  have  been  implied  by 
intendment  of  law.* 
Oral  contracts  are  "  simple  contracts." 
Verbal  contracts  are  "  simple  contracts." 
Written  contracts  are  "simple  contracts"  or 
"  specialties." 
Tbn  mnnntinlt  of  n  legal  contnet  an :' 
I.  Consideration,  for  this  is  Sn  leffal  con- 
templation the  cauu  of  the  contract. 

a.  Subject- Mattkr,  the  ttft€l,  or  what  the 
parties  to  it  propose  as  iu  effects. 

3.  Paktibs,  for  there  can  be  no  contract 
without  parties. 

4.  AssRNT  of  the  parties,  withont  which 
there  is  no  contract. 

The  Hgal  obligatitm  of  a  contnet  consists  in 
the  right  of  either  party  to  have  it  enforced 
against  the  otht/,  or  to  recover  compenMtion 
for  its  breach  by  due  process  of  law.s 

There  is  no  contract  which  the  law  will  re- 
cognise and  enforce,  unless  the  parties  to  it  have 
agneed  to  the  same  thing,  in  the  same  sense.' 
'Pins  where  the  defendants  wrote  to  the  plain- 
tiflb,  offering  them  a  certain  quantity  of  "  good  " 
barley  at  a  certain  price,  the  plaintifb  rq;iUed, 
"  Of  which  offer  we  accept,  expecting  yon  will 
give  ns  'fini*  barley  and  full  wei|^."  The 
court  held  that  there  was  not  a  snffident  accnt- 
ance  to  sustain  an  action  <br  non-delivery  cf  ue 
barley.*  So,  if  a  person  sends  an  order  to  a  mer* 
chant  to  send  him  a  naiticnlar  quantity  of  gofods 
on  certain  terms  or  credit,  and  the  meitliaut 
sends  a  less  quantity  of  goods,  at  a  shorter 
credit,  and  the  goods  sent  are  lost  by  die  way, 
the  nwrdiant  most  bear  the  kiss,  far  then  is  no 
ofprtimtmt,  express  or  imfdied,  between  the  par- 
ties.* At  a  sale  by  aoction.  every  hid  by  any 
one  ptescnt  is  an  offer  by  him,  and  it  beoames 
a  contiart  as  soon  as  the  haauLer  falls'or  the 
bid  is  otherwise  aocepted,  bit  nntil  it  is  aeo^ad 
it  may  be  withdrawn  by  the  bidoer  ;*  hot  a  bnyes 
is  dischai|ed  from  a.  ^mrchase  nnde  mraer 
"  catchinf  oonditions.'" 

There  m  an  a^marent  exeapllon  to  this  mkv* 
when,  for  esamm,  A.  dedares  Aat  he  *a)i  ml 
understood  hgr  »••  or  did  not  na4«ntaad  B.  ini 
a  certain  tnasaedon.  and  dut  therefcm  Uhi«  h 
no  bargain  between  thevi;  end  E  replies  hy 
showing  that  the  tangoige  used  on  baft  si^o* 
r-i  SuniMr,  nt:  •  Weodh.  ft  M, 


loSaMth) 


\wiii^i 


St  „ 
ie:'40M9.t4a. 


t  39"-   tiy.fcW.jug.   t^JihM.  M»i  J 

•»*wtrr 


rfe>*rSi/l?liiT 


^  Si 


derUhet  any  office, 
icdiy  coninwK  with 
integrity,  dl!l!s<:nce, 
ily  contrautt  to  do 
le  scope  of  bi«  cm- 

>iniiM  in  law,  only 
yt*.-i  itipnlalion  he- 
the  tame  matter;* 
wed  invalidates  that 
re  been  implied  by 

le  conlrwu." 
aple  contracts." 
imple  contndi  "  or 

ntl  contmet  an :' 
uiU  I*  !n  lefial  con- 
contract. 

!  »tf*tt,  or  what  the 
tffectt. 
an  be  no  oontnct 

to,  witboot  which 

I  contract  consists  in 
:o  have  it  eiiforced 
cover  comperiMtion 
is  of  law.< 
icb  the  law  will  re- 
the  parties  to  it  hiive 
in  the  same  senie.' 
I  wrote  to  the  plain- 
qaantttjrof'good" 
le  pbintiflSi  rcjpUed, 
,  expecting  yon  will 
roll  weldbt."  The 
itasoffiacntKcnl- 
r  non-deHvery  of  tne 
ds  an  order  to  a  mcr- 
lar  qoantiqr  of  goods 
,  aiM  the  merahaut 
goods,  at  a  shelter 
aie  lost  by  the  way, 
)IaiB,fer  tiMMisno 
ed,  between  the  par- 
n,  every  bid  by  any 
him,  and  it  becomes 
hanuLer  fnlK'w  the 
bttthtilitisaoc^ecl 
bidoeri*  botmmiyes 
nium  nnile  mmer 

eeption  to  this  rale; 
lans  Oat  fee  WM  mt, 
H>t  vndentaiMl  B.  in. 
ImttherafiintbaiMis 
;  and  R.f«pliaa  by 
nsed  onboftii^'s 

»iC.B.Mi(eiff.T. 
I  >T.K.sil(qriM. 

$A.ftB.ssi!  sjer 


CONTRACTS. 


eijrficit  and  unequivocal,  and  constituted  a 
distinct  contract.     Here  B.  would  prevail 

The  ro  on  \  that  the  law  presumes  that 
every  person  means  ^hat  which  he  distinctly  says 

The  first  point  is,  to  ascertain  what  the  par- 
lies themselves  meant  and  understood.  But  it 
must  be  their  intention  as  expressed  in  the  con- 
tract. Thus,  if  a  contract  poke  of  "  hones  " 
a  wottid  not  be  possible  for  the  court  to  i«^ 
this  word  "oxen,"  although  it  might  be  made 
certain  by  extrinsic  evidence  that  It  was  so  in- 
tended.* —  ■"  in 

If  the  parties,  or  either  of  them,  show  that  a 
"JFr"  *~  •>«»>«»'y  but  mistakincly  made, 
which  was  materially  diflTerent  from  iSat  in- 
tended  to  bo  made  it  would  be  a  good  ground 

r^f^"*  H>«  t^ere  was  no  contract.* 
u.  ^"»y«  •"  obligations  and  contracts 
intowhlch  it  mtera,  and  the  Uw  relieves  the 
pMty  defrauded.  If  both  parties  act  fraud- 
ulwUy.neithef  am  takeadvamage  of  the  fraud 
of  the  odwr.    If  one  acts  fraudniently,  be  can- 

.  ^■AWDONMBNT  of  a  contract  is  only 
lawful  when  it  will  in  no  wise  prejudice  the 
rights  of  the  other  party,  and  this  though  there 
be  noconsideration,  provided  the  act  or  work 
MS  been  nnderuken;  for  though  not  required 
to  do  an  act  gratnitoualy.  if  a  person  undertakes 
tt  be  U  answerable  If  he  does  not  fulfil  his  en- 
pgwwirt.  See  BAlu»NTS,GBAl?*,abovei 
NuooM  Pactum,  below. 

that  is,  a  IMS  may  be  taken  ibr  a  graaier  sum 
due,  and  will  be  a  satia&ctioa  of  such  laiger 
■i>"M>rovided  it  canies  with  it  an  mMMma/ 
b«>e&.  Thns  a  reduction  may  be  made  by  a 
creditor  for  the  ^nw^  payment  of  a  debt  due 
him  from  anotber.7  So  n^th  any  other  advan- 
tage or  inducement. 

ACCBMORT  CONTRACTS  an  made 

wMBwe  the  performance  of  a  prior  contract. 

(riOarbythe  same  partiaa  or  byotbaa.    Of 

theae  M»  mottgages,  pledgas,  «utty«hlft  etc. 

If  tta  Kccawry  caninct  is  a  contract  fay 

zfL?^  *•  J**  M»w<fefer  the  debt,  debult,  w 


»fS 


terms  of  such  contract  by  the  parties  thereto, 
for  the  surety  is  bound  only  by  the  precise 
terms  of  the  agreement  he  has  gusraiiteed> 

^.r  '  !!!,""''  ''"'>  ^"Charged  if  the  right 
of  the  creditor  to  enforce  the  debt  be  suspended 
for  any  definite  period,  however  short;  and  a 
suspension  for  a  day  will  have  the  ..me  eifect 
as  If  It  ■—- -  ' • 


"teofftajHla,  be  in  writing,  and  disdoae  the 
2!:**r5!^  •«*"  •'n*<%  or  ly  the  use  of 
teraif  Ami  wMcU  fo  mw  be  impfiwi.*    Such 

a  contract  ia  not  Mricnablf ,  so  as  to  muble  the 
usigneatoaoe  oa  it  in  his  own  nam*.*  An 
•c«wo<mttjct  of  this  Uml  it  disehamd  not 
only  hf  ib»  AiUbMbt  or  nleaseof  the  principal 
coniraet.  but  also  in  any  naietial  dwnge  in  & 


A4.jtotl  1 1 


were  for  a  month  or  a  year."    But  the 

wlkl'l  TT  ir*u' '"  '.•"  '='""8«  ■"'•  *•'*«  his 
ngM  to  be  discharged  because  of  it.*  If  the 
parties  to  the  principal  contract  have  beea 
guilty  of  any  misrepresentation,  or  even  con- 

^'T'*i  J"'  '".'!•:''"'  '»"'  **>'«•'.  had  it 
oeen  disclosed.,  would  have  deterred  the  surety 
irom  entering  into  the  accessory  contract,  the 
security  "o  given  U  voidable  at  law  on  the 
ground  of  fraud.'  So,  the  surely  will  be  dU- 
X!Fl  »''«>'l«ny.«>nd«iion,  exprass  or  im- 
plied, that  has  been  imposed  upon  the  creditor 
by  the  accessory  contract  be  annulled  by  him.' 
An  accesswv  attract,  to  guarantee  an  original 
contract  which  k  void,  is  Told  alK>.i 

^Vi.'"jf"".*'^  "•''  ••""  P«y««nt  or  release 
of  the  debt  due,  or  the  peribrmance  of  a  thine 
reouired  to  be  peribrmed  by  the  first  or  princf 
paf  contract,  is  a  full  dIschVge  of  suchVcc* 
soryobhgiUon.*  AndthatanLaignmentofS 
^c^^o«jtract  will  cry  the  ISSsosy  con- 

Arr?f2T;  :^  "•'•  AcciDKHT.  above. 
\JrZ:i^    ■       '",  "«'*«»«»»  to  receive  some 
T^StV  •«'^*»»  •^  •  claim  or  InjuiyJ 
A  SMisfcctfon  agreed  upon  between  the  party 

i^teiW'^'"*-?^"^-'^ 

dri".'^JS"''*'V-  An  agreement  to 
ir^Sl^^  pw«c«Mon  as  a  sMlkaction  ibr 
»>  usault  and  imprisonment  is  void  > 

•nt.-  Accord  aiul  satisfiKdon  by  a  co-partner 
is  a  bar  to  an  action  against  the  othen^■  and 
•ecnitance  of  satisfettlon  from  one  joint  immf 
doer  disdiams  the  rest:*  accord  and  satisfitS- 
ttoB  to  one  tif  aeveral  co-plaintiA  wUl  be-«o  to 

fc-'L^.^!^'"*'«~"  •«  ^  creditor.*  and 
«M!rL"2!^f.*"  "^"^  •«»*  therefiom 

!ffl?LfL!i'^  *•"  «W«Mlant  haa  wrengf.]^ 
dhpoaaemed  Um,  wW  not  be  any  comMeSd^ 
(o  rapport  a  praiSise  bythrplasMiff  not  iowe 


.t: 


CONTRACTS. 


kim  far  thoM  injuriet."  The  paymmt  of  •  i»r« 
of  Ihe  whole  debt  i»  not  a  good  <i«lUf«ction. 
even  if  Mcepted  /  otherwite,  however,  if  the 
•mount  of  ihe  claim  i»  disputed'  or  contingent  ;• 
and  if  the  negotiable  note  of  the  debtor,"  or  t>l 
a  third  pernon"  for  part,  be  given  and  received, 
It  in  •ufficient ;  or  if  a  part  be  given  at  a  differ 
ent  place,'  or  at  an  earlier  time,  it  will  be  iuffi- 
cient  ;•  and.  In  general,  ^yment  of  a  part  auffices 
if  any  additional  l)enefit  be  received.*  And  the 
feceipt  of  specific  proiierty,  if  agreed  to,  ii  iuf- 
liclent,  whatever  its  value  ;*  but  both  delivery 
and  acceptance  mu»t  be  proved.* 

Tha  tatisfaction  muit  be  a<  reaioitable  and 
complete  Hotiifactlon  of  the  thing  demanded, 
and  operate  m  an  exIinguUhment  of  the  original 
cause  of  action.  Therefore,  acceptance  of  a 
lets  cr.nnot  lie  a  satisfaction,  in  law,  cf  a  greater 
•um,  unless  there  be  a  release  or  some  contid- 
eratioi»  for  the  residue.* 

An  acmrd  that  the  defendant  shall  employ 
workmen  in  two  or  three  day*  it  bad.*  An  ac, 
cord  to  pay  a  leai  turn  on  Ihe  tame  or  a  tubae- 
quent  day  is  bad.'  The  performance  of  au 
uncertain  accord  will  not  aid  the  defect.* 

An  accord  without  tatitfitction  it  no  bar  to  an 
action.  The  execution  of  the  accord  must  be 
complete  and  perfect,^  except  where  the  new 
promite  itself  U  a  satisfaction  for  the  debt  or 
broken  contract.* 

Generally,  if  the  new  promte  be  founded 
upon  a  new  contideration,  and  it  clearly  bind- 
ing upon  the  original  promisor,  this  is  a  tatisfac- 
tion  of  the  former  clafam^  and  otherwise  it  is  no 
satisfaction.*'  But  even  a  promise,  which  would 
not  itself  be  a  satisfhction,  may,  if  it  be  fully 
performed  at  the  right  time,  and  in  the  right 
way  (and  not  merely  tendered),  become  then  a 
sattofaction.'  If  a  new  promise  is  execulwy, 
and  not  binding,  it  is  no  satisftclion  until  it  be 
executed,  and,  although  it  is  to  be  performed 
on  a  future  day  certain,  the  promisee  may  have 
his  orkiinal  action  before  the  «cw  promise  be- 
comes due  :■  but  if  it  be  a  biadhsg  promise  for 
a  new  consideration,  performabi*  ■>  m  future 
day  Ceitain,  dien  the  original  tight  of  action  is 
sdspmded  until  that  day  comes;   but  if  the 

LIB.  4»:  s  1>*r, i^i.  <  ><><&  4**:  <  ^*S^  ><4t,)ul. 

ftW.«si:  a  B.»%."7!.  iMifrMT:  wVi. 
my,  ViU.ifiti  4  0ai.40»;  ♦&iA.,««s  sftw. 
loi:  u1UHH)m.>at,V'HM.Um.m.  _jr-i5 

tH.  •^'vt.<H:  ttt^iwti  im^ms^* 

JmM  fit:  4  iMMk.  ti*.  _  *•>•  rfek^ 


pnHnrse  is  not  then  daly  performed,  this  right 
revives,  and  ^he  promiaee  has  hit  election,  to 
sue  on  the  original  cause  of  action,  or  on  the 
new  promite,  unless  by  the  terms  or  the  legul 
effect  of  the  new  contract  the  new  promise  iit 
i>(  ittclf  a  satisfaction  and  an  extinction  of  the 
old  one.*  Thus,  where  one  takes  a  negotialiie 
jiromissory  note,  on  time,  for  money  which  in 
ilue  or  to  become  due.  this  note  it  conclusive 
evidence  of  an  agreement  fur  delay  or  credit, 
and  no  action  can  oe  maint^ned  on  the  original 
cauie  of  action  until  the  maturity  of  the  note  ;• 
if  then  the  note  it  not  paid,  an  action  may  lie 
brought  upon  the  note,  or  on  the  original  cau»e 
of  action,  unless  the  bcu  show  that  the  prom 
isee  took  the  note  in  payment,  or  the  kw  <m- 

plieslt.»  .       .     .        • 

An  agreement  to  cancel  and  release  mutual 
claims,  or  to  discontinue  mutual  suits,  is  s 
muiual  accord  and  satisbctkMi:  and  either  party 
may  rely  on  it  as  a  bur  against  the  further  pra  • 
ecutlon  of  the  suit  or  claim  by  the  othcr.s 

If  there  be  a  new  agreement,  resting  on  suf- 
ficient consideration,  and  otherwise  valid,  to 
suspend  a  pravious  clilm  or  cause  of  actkm, 
until  the  doing  of  a  certain  thing,  or  the  hap^ 
pening  of  a  specified  event,  the  action  cannot 
be  maintained  oik  that  claim  la  the  meanUme. 

To  show  that  the  accord  and  satisfnGtion  were 
simultancdus,  and  consisting  at  Ihe  delivery  of 
n  certain  thing,  it  m«M  be  proved,  not  only  th^ 
the  thing  was  delivered,  but  thtf  H  was  received 
in  sads&tiMi.'  But  if  property  of  the  debtor 
came  lawiiilly  into  Ike  possession  of  the  credi- 
tor, and  they  then  agreed  that  it  amy  be  retained 
hy  him,  and  shall  be  in  satisfaction  of  the  debt, 
this  it  a  good  aceord  and  aatisfaciion.* 

Tko  accord  and  lattolBCtioii  must  be  fdvaa- 
tageous  to  the  credlior,' he  mat  receive  <h»  it 
a  distinct  boMfit,  which  odwrwiM  he  would  act 
have  had." 

If  tM  premise  he  raaculad  Utenlly,  «r  la 
form, b«fa  rendered  iaopetattve  cr  wortUem 
to  the  cnsditor,  by  Ac  dehtar'a  act  or  mnisalaB, 
it  has  ao  elect  as  aa  accord  aadaaMsfoedoB.* 

If  aa  accard  aad  aatisCMdaa  be  Hsdk  by  a 
third  paity,  aad  is  acoqited  as  satefoction.  it  is 


Id.fM:  tBB«h.MU^3 


•19 Wsa^^fii^   K> 


M. 
rat.   .  , 

t)iaiGll.4f. 


I.  i»fi  J  A.«» 

r-  ■'••■•  JVyi"^"  * 

tafciMi il^FI*  4i4;j 


party, 


U 


•4: 


MIZ 


II 1 


.iiij( 


Mformod,  thit  right 
hM  hit  election,  ta 
of  kclion,  or  on  the 
!  terms  or  the  legal 
the  new  promiM  ii 
M  extinction  of  the 
e  tiikei  k  negotiable 
'or  money  which  ia 
note  U  conclusive 
for  deUy  or  credit, 
lined  on  the  original 
kturity  of  the  note  ;• 
1,  an  action  may  be 
n  the  original  cause 
ihow  that  the  prom 
nent,  orlha  law  im- 


and  ralaaaa  nutual 
mutual  Miitt,  it  ■ 
on;  and ehhar party 
ntt  the  farthOT  pror  • 
I  by  th«  ath«r.< 
cent,  raating  on  uf- 
otbarwiat  valid,  to 
or  canM  of  action, 
n  thing,  or  tlie  hap- 
t,UM  acdoa  cannot 
m  in  the  meantine. 
indMHcfncUonwere 
ig  of  the  <Mnmj  of 
proved,  not  only  tkat 
tthMitwaaraccived 
oparty  of  the  debtor 
aeiaion  of  the  crcdi- 
latitmawberaUined 
irfaction  of  the  debt, 
•tirfution.* 
itioB  ainrt  be  tdvaa- 
lOMMraceivcftomit 
terwiMhewoaldaot 

Mtad  \km3Sf,  «r  in 
native  orivoidikM 
toc'a  act  or  amlnaiaB, 
dandtaliBfiMlkM.* 
Mdon  benaadefiya 
d  ai  MlMieiian,  H  is 

i.  fif  V<>«.^.  *E 
yt7tld.t4*i  *B-Ji 


CONTRACTS. 


3! 

I 


«9? 


inAcieat  If  the  actual  debtor  look  upon  it  as 
such.'  , 

An  accord  and  satisfaction  made  t«^t  breach 
of  oontraot  is  not  a  bar  to  ap  action  for  a  sub- 
sequent breach.* 

ACQUITTANCES  differ  fiom  releases  in 
this,  that  the  latter  must  be  under  seal./  An 
acquitunce  being  a  receipt  in  full,  a  discharge 
or  release  from  a  debt— a  writing  which  is  evi- 
dence of  the  discharge— liars  all  further  de- 
mand, discharges  the  party  from  the  engage 
ment  to  pay,  and  is  evidence  of  payment.  See 
Rwurn,  below. 

ACTS  OK  OMISSIONS.  In  all  cases 
whatever,  a  promisor  will  be  discharged  from 
sU  liability  when  the  non-perfoimance  of  his 
obligation  is  caused  by  the  actt  or  the  fault  of 
the  other  contractinc  party.* 

APFIRMANCB  is  the  ooofirmation  of  a 

voidable  act  by  the  party  who  is  to  be  bound 

thereby.*    If  is  express  when  the  party  declares 

his  determination  to  fulfil  the  contract,*  and  im 

plied  fron  the  acts  of  the  party  withont  auy  ex- 

prese  declaration.*  A  mere  adcnowlcdgiucnt  that 

the  debt  existed,  or  that  the  contract  wm  made. 

It  Mt  aa  affirmance.^    There  mwt  be  a  direct 

«nd  iBeqitivocal  aAroMBCC  and  subatantially 

{thoiwji  not  In  lbr«)  a  proniae  to  pay  the  debt, 

jr  fMl  the  cantraot,*  in  order  to  bind  the  party. 

AmuaMTMsirr.    See  Maritimi  Law. 

ALTERATION  (a  change  ia  the  Ian- 

gaage)  of  a  contract  operates  as  a  discharge 

jf  it.    If  the  alteration  be  by  a  itnnger,  it 

avoida  aa  instrument,  if  it  be  material  and  the 

original  wwda  caaaot  be  oertaiatr  muand.  on 

the  jromd  Aat  it  b  so  Ioh«  the  tnstrament 

of  the  paitiea.'   IftheahanlkMibemade  by  a 

party,  ft  ao  far  wmUt  the  taMraoMRt  that  he 

caaiMt  aa«  it  ii|^  evea  if  the  altenlioa  be  in 

worda  net  walMiaLe    Btit  if  thealicratioadoet 

not  vanr  dke  nMMdnc  of  the  iaatrament,  or  does 

Mt  aiect  to  opavdon.  aad  thia  can  be  eer- 

'^•'S;"'.^  ***  ■<*  'w**  *•  ii«*™«««t 
vtM>    Whed^  the  abentkn  ia  mteriat.  i> 

Mt  a  ^Mttiei^  af  fact  fera  toy,  birt  of  law  for 
the  eoiut,i  aad  the  biuM  of  praof  of  the  fact 
afahenHenMitaaatkaBMtyaUa^itii  the 
ahmtian  behig  ihown,  the  party  claiming  an- 
te aim  iaamnaeat  b  botnd  to  explain  the 
•ll«ation.k  See  EKAMmi,  iHmLiNiATiON, 
below. 
Amnmcannr.   See  that  title. 


ALTERNATIVE.  In  contracts  a  party 
frequently  htH  the  choice  of  which  of  several 
things,  of  different  times,  modes,  qualities, 
quantities,  ete.,  and  other  options  in  perform- 
ance. As  to  the  effect  of  alternative  stipula- 
tions see  Payment,  Pe»to»»iaiici,  Tkndeb, 
TiMK.  etc.,  below. 

AMBIOUITY,  dupUcity.  indktinctncM. 
and  uncertainty  of  meaning  in  the  cxpreuion 
and  terms  in  a  written  instrument  should  always 
be  avoided ;  and  it  mar  be  stated  as  a  general 
rule  that  simplicity  and  clearness  are  the  best 
evidences  of  the  honesty,  faimeu,  and  skill  of 
the  contracting  parties. 

Latent  ambiguitica  are  those  which  arise 
from  tome  collateral  circumstance  or  extrinsic 
matter  in  caict  where  the  instrument  iuelf  is 
snflicicntly  certain  and  intelligible,  and  as  such 
they  may  be  explained  by  extrinsic  evidence.' 
Patent  ambiguiiies  are  those  which  appear  on 
the  face  of  die  instrument;  that  which  occurs 
when  the  expreaaion  of  a  writing  b  so  defective 
that  a  court,  being  obliged  to  put  a  oonttmctioa 
upon  it,  pbdng  Itself  in  the  situation  of  the 
paitiea,  cannot  ascertain  therefrom  the  puties' 
intention.*  Abo  such  expressiona  at  would 
bo  foond  of  vnoeitain  meaning  by  persons  of 
ooaipetent  skill  and  information.  Ftfent  aai* 
bignitiM  cannot  be  explained  by  extrinsic  evi- 
deace,  bat  renders  the  instrument  inoperative 
«  Car  at  they  extend.* 

AimctrATOKYAaituinMT.  SeeDAMAOo, 
below. 

APPORTIONMENT.  A  contract  is  an 
portionable  when  the  aaioanl  of  consideration 
to  be  paM  by  the  one  party  depends  upon  the 
extent  of  pcrfonnanoe  by  the  otner. 

When  parties  enter  iato  a  contract  by  which 
the  aawant  to  be  peribmed  by  the  one,  and  the 
consideration  to  be  paid  by  the  other,  are  made 
certain  and  fixed,  such  conliract  cannot  be  ap- 
portioned. Thus,  if  A.  aad  B.  agree  together 
that  A.  shall  eater  tato  the  aervioe  of  B.  and 
oontinM  for  one  ycar^aad  that  B.  shall  pay  him 
therefor  the aaa  of  oee  hoadred  doUarat  and 
A.  enters  the  aervioe  aeoordiagly,  aad  ooatirinea 
half  the  year,  aad  then  leaves,  he  wOl  not  be 
entitled  to  rtcover  aaythiag  «m  tUt  ttmii-mtO 
But  if  oae  party  b  prevented  from  fdly  w?- 
forming  hb  part  tif  Oe  oontmct  by  the  liwlt  of 
the  other  party,  Oe  partjtthot  b  ftalt  cannot 
be  allowed  to  take  advantage  of  hb  own  wrong 


I 

s 


iff 
fit 


»!• 


CONtfcACra. 


and  tcrcen  himMlf  from  (he  fMymmi  of  what 
has  Iteen  (lane  under  the  contract."  So,  too,  if 
one  party,  without  the  fault  of  the  other,  faiU 
to  perform  his  tide  of  the  contract  in  such  a 
manner  ai  to  enable  him  to  (ue  upon  it ;  Mill,  if 
the  other  party  haa  derived  a  benefit  from  the 
|mrt  performed,  it  would  be  unjuti  to  allow  him 
to  retain  that  without  paying  anything.* 

ARRANOBMBNTS  bHwtm  cftdUort 
and  dtbtort  not  tainted  by  fraud,  agreed  to  bv 
all  parties,  and  carried  out  in  good ''  .will 
be  binding.  It  mn*t  have  been  t.a««nied  to  bv 
ail  parties.  SettlcmenU  of  thi*  kind,  where  it 
it  xought  to  avoid  litigatioit  and  loss,  are  favored 
by  the  law,  and  resiilt  more  satisfactorily  than 
the  usual  forms  of  assignment. 

The  prevention  cf  litigation  is  not  only  a  Kuf- 
ficient  but  a  higUy-favored  consideration,'  and 
no  investigation  into  the  character  or  value  of 
(he  different  claims  submitted  will  be  entered 
into  for  the  purpose  of  setting  aside  a  com- 
promise, it  being  sufficient  if  the  parties  enter- 
ing into  the  compromise  thought  at  the  time 
that  there  was  a  question  between  them.* 

ArttmgtmtnU  bttrnttM  ptirtHtrt  themselves 
cannot  limit  or  prevent  their  ordinary  responsi- 
Mllties  to  third  persons,  unlcn  the  latter  assent 
to  snch  arnmgemenls.'  But  where  the  creditor 
has  express  nodce  of  a  private  arrangement  be- 
tween the  partners,  by  which  either  the  power 
of  one 'to  bind  the  firm,  or  his  lial>ility  on  part- 
nership contracts,  is  qoalified  or  defeated,  snch 
creditor  will  be  bound  by  the  amngement.* 
The  act  or  contract  of  one  partner,  even  in  a 
traaiactioB  porcly  of  a  partnership  natnre,  doe* 
not  bind  the  firm,  if  the  creditor  has  express 
notice  Cram  the  otlier  partnen  tliat  they  wifl  not 
conrider  themselves  responsible,*  fi>r  the  antbor- 
itY  of  one  partner  to  bind  the  firm  is  only  im- 
[Mied;  and  no  one  cap  become  the  creditor  of 
another  against  his  express  and  deciaied  will.* 

ARTIFICB8,  cheats,  finesse,  frauds,  strat- 
agems, and  tricks,  though  in  tjwir.vety  nature 
fiUse,  must  also  be  frmSdmlent  in  order  to  ren- 
der the  party  guilty  of  them  rcsptmsiMe  to  the 
etherfor damages.  SeeCoMCBAua(rr,FBAinn 
UnnminiNTATioii. 

AUBNT.  Tberettnocontnctunkstthe 
parties  thereto  assent;  and  they  mot  anent  to 
tlw  same  thing, in  the  same iMHe.'    "Then 


muat  lie  a  request  on  the  one  side  and  an  sMeiil 
on  the  other ;'  nor  is  thi*  any  more  a  contrail 
if  it  be  in  writing  than  if  spoken  only.i  Tlir 
assent  must  comprehend  the  witole  of  the  prup- 
osition ;  it  must  be  exactly  equal  in  its  exti-iii 
and  provisioas,  and  must  not  qualify  them  by 
any  new  matter.  Thus,  an  offisr  to  sell  a  cer 
tain  thing  on  certain  terms,  may  be  met  by  :he 
answer,  "  I  will  take  that  thing  on  those  termt ; " 
and,  if  the  pro|x>*ition  be  in  th«  form  of  a 
question,  as  "  I  will  sell  you  so  and  so(  will 
you  boy  ?  "  the  whole  of  this  meaning  may  he 
conveyed  by  the  word  "yes,"  or  any  other 
simple  affirmative  answer.  And  thus  a  legal 
contract  ia  completed.  But  where  the  answer, 
cither  in  words  or  efliMt,  departs  from  0ie  prop- 
osition, or  varies  the  terms  of  the  offer,  or 
substitutes  for  the  contract  tendered  one  more 
satisfactory  to  the  respondent,  in  these  cases 
there  is  no  assent,  and  no  contract. 

In  general,  some  time  must  clapae  between 
an  oner  and  its  acceptance.  But  the  proposer 
may  himself  detemine  how  long  the  oflbr  shall 
continue.  He  may  say,  I  wUl  |^v«  you  an 
hour,  or,  until  this  time  to-morrow,  or  next 
week,  to  make  up  Your  mird.  "than  dw  party 
to  whom  the  proposnion  is  made  knows  how  long 
the  offv  is  to  oontinn*.  Ho  hut  avail  Mmself 
of  the  hour,  the  dnr,  or  die  weak  given,  fior  in- 
quiry or  oonsidflnUon,  or  maUag  om  nipsissiy 
amngemeatst  and  if,  within  the  prescribed 
time,  he  expresses  his  assent  (smMMiag  the 
propoaitiaa  not  in  the  meendise  widMfanwn), 
Be  eompletaa  the  contract  as  effiectoaUy  aa  if  he 
had  answered  ia  the  same  wi^  atttte  fint 
moBMnt  after  tlie  offer  was  made.*  If  aa  oiiirsr 
^vas  a  dm  fcr  acceplaaoe,  wittnat  qwaMeni' 
noa  for  ne  dday,  be  atay  at  airr  ttaatf,  wiAia 
that  dqr,  before  aoceptaace,  raeaO  hia  oihr.  So 
he  otaj  if  he  givea  no  time.  If  be  ankaa  aa 
ofltor,  and  instantly  recalls  it  before  accaplaace, 
altbongb  dm  other  party  was  ncpaiad  to  weapt 
it  the  next  instant,  the  oOer  is  afcftuaHy  «itB- 
dnwB.  But  aeeeptanoe  before  witMnnnl 
binds  die  parties,  if  made  while  the  dhr  eoa- 
tiaaes;  andtheoiiHrdoesGoatiBtMfaialleMaa, 
eMur  a  icaaoaaUe  time  (and  that  oahrltar  dw 
tine  fixed  bjr  the  party  hiasdf.  Sot  alao, 
where  Ae  proauaitinii  and  tyiy  are  bottt 
by  letter.^    Thas,  if  A., 


Siailt.  164;  I  y< 


CtattkJjUi. 


CONTRACTS. 


199 


M  ild«  and  an  ohmiiI 
any  mora  n  conirait 
tpokcii  unly.i  Tlir 
M  wholt  of  the  prup 
y  equal  in  Ite  ejitent 
no(  quaUfy  them  by 
n  offitr  to  mH  a  cer 
),  may  be  mtt  by  the 
in|  on  tboM  lem» ; ' ' 
w  In  tiM  form  of  a 
irou  M  and  •»{  will 
hit  mMUiIng  may  l>e 
yea,"  or  any  other 
,  And  thua  a  legal 
It  wbara  th«  amwer, 
tparts  firom  M>*  prop- 
mi  of  the  offer,  or 
t  tradttnd  one  more 
dent,  in  these  cam 
contract. 

niitt  ela|»e  between 
R.  But  the  propoaer 
w  loBtt  the  oAbr  shall 
I  wiU  i^ve  yon  an 
to-oMfroiri  or  nest 
r.d.  Then  die  party 
aade  knows  how  Ions 
Is  nuw  nvnil  kfanaell 
I  wees  ghfen,  fior  in- 
naUag  OM  necessary 
ItUa  the  prescribed 
■ent  (supposing  the 
Mntinte  wnhdimim), 
uclieotiHiUyaeif  he 
ne  way  •t(dM  irst 
made.*  IfaBoCMer 
r,wMKMt  cowMenu 
f  at  amr  tfaoe,  wiAin 
t,  rseaO  his  oihr.  So 
M.    If  he 


as  pnpnrwl  toNCMot 
It  is  eihetMlljr  «fth- 
beifat*  witMnwal 
while  tbn  flAw  eon- 
coBtintM  la  iiU  CHes, 
ladthiMoaly^ortibe 

lepiy  am  bodi  ande 
iB^atoa,aittt*fMt 

!»J*S-|Rt4whli*- 

M  n  WllliML  I 


'*«' 


t,  aiis*  naae.  miM 
|»i»B0W.|ietie 


day  la  Janoary,  writes  to  B.,  in  Baltimore, 
making  an  offer,  and  thii  letter  reaches  Balti- 
more on  the  third,  and  B.  forthwith  answeit 
die  letter,  accepting  the  oiler,  putting  the  letter 
into  the  mail  that  day ;  and  on  the  second  of 
fanuaiy  A.  writw,  withdrawing  the  oilier,  and 
his  letter  of  withdrawal  reaches  B.  on  the  fourtn, 
there  it,  nevcrihelcM,  a  contract  made  between 
the  parties.  If  the  offer  was  to  sell  goods,  B., 
on  tendering  the  price,  may  claim  the  goods; 
if  the  oAer  was  to  insure  B.'s  ship,  B.  nuy 
tendw  the  premium  and  demand  the  policy, 
and  hold  A.  as  an  insurer  of  his  ship.  And  so 
of  any  other  olbr  or  proposition.* 

Amionmknt.  See  that  title. 

ATTESTATION  is  the  witneaaing  of  an 
instnuaeni  in  writing  at  the  request  of  tb 
party  making  the  same,  and  subscribing  it  as  a 
witnessi*  in  order  to  prove  the  iaatmment  if 
neoeasary,  and  for  the  purpose  of  identification.* 
In  sooM  cases  instruments  in  writing,  as  assign- 
ments, eonveyanccs,  etc.,  require  attestation  by 
one  or  two  witnesses. 

AucTKnn.  See  Agency;  AiFcnoNtus; 
Salu. 

AirrHoamr.  See  Aobncy;  AtrrHoarrv. 

AWAKD.    SeeAGBNCV;  AUITKATOa*. 

BAiueum.  See  that  title. 

BARGAIN  CATCHING.  A  merely  hard 
baigain  is  not  a  ground  for  relief  in  law.  But 
sec  CONCBAUOirr;  CONSIIWaATIONt  FKAVO} 

Inaimquacy;  MuEBraisBNTATioN;  below. 

BARTBR  Is  a  contract  bw  which  parties 
exchaaga  goods  for  goods.  It  diffinrs  irom  a 
sale;  a  baiter  jieiag  always  goods  for  goods, 
while  a  aala  is  of  pods  for  monev,  or  for 
monejr  aad  goods.  In  a  sile  thei*  is  a  fixed 
priee,  ia  a  barter  there  it  not 

Bill  or  Bxchamob.  nc  See  (hat  titU. 

BuxovLAOlMa   See  BAluUNTt;   Car 
una;  Monet. 

Bill  w  Sale.  See  Salu. 

BiNDtMO  Ovt.  See  Amnmciniiv. 

BIFARTITBia  of  two  parts.  It  ii  a  term 
nsed  la  CoMTKTAmam,  wdch  see. 

BLANK!.  Wheaabiaakfaqiaceleftlo 
a  wikiag  adiith  b  to  be  filled  up  with  one  or 
awre  words  lo  ooaspleU  the  sense)  is  left  In  a 
writtea  agiieaiiui  which  Med  not  have  been 
redacidtawiitiag^md  would  have  been  equally 
bfaidiatiriMther  writtea  or  not,  it  la  presumed 
hi  aa  aedoa  for  Ute  aoa-petfonaanoe  of  the 
ooatiaet  tSm  paral  evidenoe  anr  be  adatitted 
to  explain  tlttUank.  A  blaak  ttw  be  filled 
ly  COM  or  aatfiea,  and  the  iaittnaeat  win 
anuda  nlUL' Ukn^  aot  whaM  tlla  bfaudt  is  ^ 
tanrt  aHteria)  10  tt«  oMiadoB  of  dM  iaiM- 
mmm  aa  laetiaiaeBt  of  the  dmiactar  which  it 
pupoitBto  be^at  least  wiOMwt  anewexeeaiion.* 


n»  m - 

C.C.«s. 

H.»i»lejelw. 


BONA  FIDB.  The  law  requW*.  Jl  uei 
sons  in  their  transactions  lo  act  in  gooi  faith ; 
an<l  a  contract  where  the  parties  have  not  acteil 
t«mu  fidt  (in  good  faith,  honesty,  purity  of  in 
tention,  an  diHlingumhed  from  mmla /Ut,  or  ba<l 
faith)  is  void  St  (he  pleasure  of  t&e  innocent 
party.'  If  a  contract  be  made  with  go«>d  faiih, 
subsequent  fraudulent  acU  will  not  vitiate  it, 
although  such  acts  may  raise  a  presumption  of 
antecedent  fraud,  and  thus  become  a  means  of 
proving  the  want  of  good  faith  in  making  the 
contract  .i 

BREACH  of  contract,  or  the  viotatioa  of 
an  obligation,  engagement,  or  duty,  may  be  of 
any  of  the  terms,  or  of  the  entire  contract.  A 
continuing  breach  is  either  where  the  condition 
of  things  constituting  the  breach  continues 
during  a  period  of  time,  or  where  the  acts  con* 
slituting  the  breach  are  at  brief  intervals  i» 
peated.*  See  Pleading. 
Caeeiage.  See  Bailments;  Caeeibes. 
Catching.  See  Bargain,  above. 
CBRTAINTY,  accuracy,  and  disdnctnem 
of  statement  should  be  oixerved  in  every  con- 
tract. If  a  contract  be  so  vague  in  its  terms 
that  Its  meaning  cannot  be  certainly  collected, 
and  the  statute  of  frauds  precludes  ue  admissi- 
bility of  parol  evidence  to  clear  up  the  diffi. 
culty.<  or  parol  evidence  cannot  supply  the  de- 
fect, the  contract  will  be  of  no  efiect."  But  it 
ii  a  maxim  of  Uw  that  « that  is  certain  which 
may  be  made  certain."*  For  example,  if  a 
man  seUs  die  oil  in  his  store  at  a  certain  price 
per  gallon,  aldiough  Uiere  is  uncertainty  as  to 
the  qaaadty  of  die  (^,  yet  inasmncl  as  it  can 
be  ascertaiaed,  the  nuudm  applies,  ana  the  sale 
is  good.* 

CHAMPERTY  AND  MAINTBN. 
ANCB.  Champerty  la  a  baisaia  widi  die 
plaintiff  or  defendant  in  a  suit  for  a  portion  of 
the  kad  or  odier  matter  aaed  for,  or  claimed, 
in  case  aT'e  succesaTal  terminadcsi  In  favor  (MT 
die  party  for  whom  the  champertor  undertakes 
to  cany  oa  die  suit  at  his  own  expense.  A 
oonuaoa  instaace  of  duuaperty  la  where  aa 
attorney  agreei.  widi  his  client  to  collect  or  en- 
force by  salt  a  paidcnlar  cUim  or  claima  in 
geaeial,  raoeiviaf  a  certain  piapocdoa  dieteof,* 
or  a  petcentage  thereon.* 

Maiawaaace  is  the  iatsraioddliag  of  a 
straager  ia  a  salt  for  diejMraoNe  of  sdnriag  up 
strifo.  aad  conthraiag  die  lidgadon.  Tlere 
are,  however,  many  acts  is  die  aataie  of  main- 
teaaace  whieh  ara  jasdfiabla  tnm  dw  dicum- 
^taeceaader which dMyaiadoee.  {.Because 
die  narty  has  aa  interest  ia  die  amlter  or  diing 
invarlaaoe.'  E.Bacaasadwparty  isof  Madred 
or  afibilty,  m  fadler.  sen,  hasbaad.  wife,  heir 


t  Salk.  t4i;  Hah.  t; 


.^- 


CONTRACTS. 


•pp«ren(,  etc.*  J.  Ikcauxe  the  relation  of  land- 
bra,  tenant,  muter,  lervant,  etc.,  tubsUta  be- 
tween the  partjr  to  the  iuit  and  the  pcrton 
UKlating  him.  4.  Because  the  money  it  given 
in  chanty.*  5.  Because  the  perton  aMWting 
the  party  to  the  tult  i«  an  altorncv  or  counielior, 
and  the  MslMance  Mrictly  nroleuional — for* 
lawyer  ii  no  more  juaiified'in  giving  hia  client 
money  than  another  mnn."  Contracts  growing 
out  of  maintenance  are  void.* 

Champerty  diffina  from  maintenance  chiefly 
in  Ihia,  tnat  in  champerty  the  compensation  to 
lie  Riven  i«  a  part  of  the  matter  in  suit,  or  some 
profit  growing  ont  of  it,"  while  in  simple  main- 
tenance tlw  question  of  compensatioii  doM  not 
enter  Into  the  account.* 

Champerty  Is  treated  as  the  worse  offinice; 
for  bjr  tnis  a  stranger  supplies  money  to  carry 
on  a  suit  on  condition  of  snaring  in  the  land  or 
other  property  gained  l>y  it.  Contracts  of  this 
'  Mt  are  set  aside  both  in  law  and  equity.' 

Change.    See  Deviation,  below. 

Chartek  Parties.  See  Forms,  below. 

Check.  Sec  Bills  or  Exchanob,  ^onm 
iND  Promissory  Notes,  above. 

Choice.  See  Election,  below. 

CLAUSES  are  parts  of  an  instrument  of 
Writing.  In  the  forms  hereafter  given  they 
are  so  framed  that  they  mar  be  readily  shifted 
from  one  form  to  another  without  change. 
Being  aeparate  paragraphs,  each  containinf  a 
tingle,  certain,  and  material  part  of  the  agree- 
ment, they  will  assist  greatly  the  precision  and 
clearneaa  of  the  instrument,  and  render  it  less 
liable  to  confusion,  doubt,  and  miscooatraction. 

COBRCION.  Direct  or  poaitive  coardon 
takes  place  when  a  man  Is  Of  physical  foroB 
compelled  to  do  an  act  contrary  to  his  will. 
Implied  coercion  exists  where  a  person  is  legally 
unaer  subjection  to  another,  and  is  induced  in 
consequence  of  snch  subjection  to  do  an  act 
contrary  to  hb  will. 

As  mil  is  necessary  to  the  comqtiasioB  of  a 
crime,  or  the  making  of  a  contract,  a  person 
coerced  into  either  has  no  will  on  the  snbjeot, 
and  is  not  responsible.*  The  comaaaBd  of  a 
superior  to  an  inferior,*  pf  a  parent  to  a  child,* 
of  a  master  to  hi*  servant,  or  a  prindpal  to  his 
agent,*  may  amount  to  coerci^ 

COLLUSION  and  (rand  of  tfnj  Mad 
vitiate  and  render  void  all  acts  whidi  are  in- 
fected with  them,'  and  any  agceenent  between 

•-Bee.  AW. 
M«t.  Mass.  i 

Id.  III.  (^I 

^«s.C 
YoAm. Cm. ^*U».  i«t. ^  ,        , 

iht  infiwiimllty  M  awrriait  «raMM  ior  crioia  is  fuly 
sisihI  tn  <  BamMIt  ft  H.  Lead.  Cr.  Cat,  tir$i.  M-t 
WS.  C  C.  M».  a«>:  »  Uh.  (Maia.)  $«:  iKitth.  C. 
C.  MOi  <i  Mow.  us.   It-BraoM.  Max.  (ad  Bd.)  11.  •• 

|lia«k)M(S>fiss.)a4t  14X18.3^;  MVi-iti  tDento, 


1  Johns.  Ch.  44 :  4  Q.  8.  N}. 


*.  Akr.  JCiArt.    T-ii  ■ 

go  Ala.  N.  S.  sat )  s  B.  Hon.  aijt 
'      «r.i6AIa.4«;a4A&. 


a  JoMsEq,  Met  I 
Cr.  U I  tii.^ir- 


two  or  mora  persons  to  defraud  another  of  his 
rights  by  the  forms  of  law,  or  to  obtain  any 
oQect  forbiiiden  by  law,  falls  within  this  nile. 

COMMISSION  Is  the  compensation  «l 
lowed    a|{cnis,   factor*,   executors,   guardian*. 
receiver,  trustees,  etc.,  and  such  persoiio  ns 
manage  the  affairs  of  others,  in  recompense  for 
their  services.     The  right  to  such  allowance 
may  either  be  the  subject  of  a  special  contrsrt, 
may  rest  in  an  implied  contract  to  pay  as  much 
as  the  services  are  worth,  or  may  depend  n|M)n 
statutory  provisions.*    The  right  does  not  gttv 
erally  accrue  till  the  completion  of  the  senricr% 
and  does  not  then  exist  unlesa  proper  care,  skil 
and  perfect  fidelity  have  been  enplcTed,*  ami 
the  services  are  such  as  have  not  been  illcg«l  01 
against  public  policv.^  The  amount  of  such  com 
rnisaioaa  is  generally  a  percentage  on  the  sum 
paid  out  or  received.     When  there  k  a  usage  oi 
trade  at  the  pa.licular  place  or  in  the  partlculm 
bttsineas  in  which  the  agent  ia  engaged,  ilt> 
amount  of  commission  allowed  to  anctioncrr'- 
brokers,  and  factors  is  regulated  tqr  anch  u!ui)<( .' 
In  case  a  factor  ruaranteea  the  paysMmt  of  il" 
debt  he  Is  rntitled  to  a  larger  oonpensain  1. 
(called  a  M  trnltrt  commisaion)  than  Is  orilin 
arily  given  for  the  transacticm  of  similar  biiM 
ness,  where  no  such  guaranty  is  Btadci*    Tlic 
amount  which  executors,  etc.,  receive  is,  ii; 
general,  fixed  by  statute,  snljcet  toBodificatiai< 
in  special  cases  by  the  proper  trihn— I.* 

COMPROMISES  (agmnnls  made  be 
tweea  two  or  more  parties,  aa  a  attlewant  of 
matters  in  dispute  between  them)  and  settle- 
ments are  sustained  by  the  law;'  way  are  almi 
highly  favored.**  The  anovnt  in  contnrversy 
most,  however,  be  uncertain.'  TWn  can  be 
no  compromise  of  a  criminal  offcncw.* 

COMPULSION.  Ada  doatvaAnrcom 
pulsion  are  not,  in  geneni,  Mndteg  npon  a 
party;  but  when  a  man  ia  cooqwIUNl  Djrlanful 
authority  to  do  that  which  he  om|^  to  do,  th«i 
coapulnon  does  not  atbct  the  vaMHijr  of  t>ir 
act;  as,  for  example,  when  a  cmnt  of  comp<- 
tent  jurisdiction  coapels  a  party  to  axecntc  w 
deed,  under  the  pain  of  attachment  fat  con 
tempt,  the  grantor  cannot  oMect  to  it  on  th<- 
gronnd  of  compnlsioB.  But  if  Hm  coart  con  ■ 
pellcd  •  party  to  do  an  act  fofbidden  by  law, 
or  had  not  jnriadictioa  over  dm  pnrtlea,  or  liie 
suhjact-matlcr,  the  act  done  hj  snch  oowpo^- 
sloB  woald  be  void. 


«•■ 


CONTRACTS. 


Wud  another  of  lik 
ff,  or  to  obtain  any 
Jit  within  ihU  rule. 
le  compeniiation  «l 
■  ecuton,  guartllfln\ 
All  luch  penoiii  ns 
1,  ht  rvconiMnae  for 
I  to  tnch  allowancr 
>r  a  ipccial  contract, 
tract  to  pay  an  miirh 
or  may  depend  u)><>n 
I  right  doea  not  gcrv 
rtlon  of  the  aer>ict% 
■iapraptrcarc,*l(ll 
lecn  anptofed,*  ind 
re  not  btcn  illcgAl  or 
amovnt  t^avch  com 
centafeo*  theium- 
m  there  to  •  uwbc  oi 
c  or  In  the  particulm 
ent  fa  engiigcd,  (In 
awed  to  an^oncrrv 
ilated  by  tflch  UM)<(  ' 
I  thepeynent  of  th> 
larger  oonpeniaiK  n 
iiaion)  Dmii  to  oriMn 
tion  of  aiinUar  bus! 
-anty  to  made.*    Tlic 

etc.,  rtoeive  to,  ii; 
ilject  to  Bodlficalior 
perlribMwI.* 
gncamli  oude  bc- 
%,mm  aettlewewt  of 
n  then)  and  letile- 
I  towt'OMy  are  alMi 
lonnt  im  eoairo*eniy 
ain.*  T1mi«  can  be 
tuidkmea.* 
M  doait  OMlsir  com- 
ral,  bindiaig  won  n 
coopelM  Djrb»1ul 
he  otii^  to  do,  thill 
t  the  Tattdtty  of  iHr 
B  a  cooit  or  oanp<' 
a  pai^  to  axecoic  -.< 
attachacBlt  for  cnn 

oMect  to  it  on  Ihf 
at  if  th«  coart  con  - 
ct  feiliidd«B  Iff  tow, 
iw  ue  patdaa,  or  liie 
M  Of  anch  ooatput- 


n-.f  B.  A  C  te:  it 

•I.  L.  Mt;    t  KiiMi 


>«tZi«.L.  ftla.m- 
Att.tSV.    ■-af.jtjg 

iCkiity.  It.  aa 


I.  »■>  Ckiitr. 


CONCEALMENT  U  the  improper  con 
cealmcni  »(  any  (act  or  circumstance  by  onr 
i)f  (he  partiea  to  a  contract  from  the  other, 
which  in  jtuiica  ought  to  lie  known.  Conceal 
men!  when  frauilulent  avoidi  the  contract,  ur 
rendert  the  |>arty  using  it  liable  to  the  damage 
anting  in  conMoucnce  thereof.'  but  it  mutt 
have  been  *uch  lacu  at  the  party  it  bound  tu 
communicate.*  A  concealment  of  eatriniic 
facu  it  nol,  in  general,  fraudulent,  although 
peculiarly  within  the  knowledge  of  the  party 
poaaetting  them.'  And  the  rule  against  the 
concealment  of  latent  defecto  it  itricter  in  the 
case  of  penonal  than  of  real  property.*  Where 
there  it  confidence  repoacd  concealment  be- 
comes more  fraudulent.* 

CONDITIONS,  limitations,  qualificalioni, 
or  rettrictitmt  which  modify  or  destroy  the 
original  act  or  contract  with  which  it  U  con- 
nected, and  clauses  having  fo  heir  object  the 
lutpention,  recitsion,  or  mmUfication  of  the 
original  agreement,  ahouKI  alwavt  be  included 
and  appear  in  the  conti.iot,  for  when  the  parties 
at  last  redtfce  their  agreement  to  writing,  it  it 
looked  upon  aa  the  final  consummation  of  their 
negotiations,  and  the  exact  expresiion  of  their 
puruoae,  and  that  which  is  not  incorporated  in 
their  written  contract  will  be  considered  as  in- 
tentionally rejected." 

Conditk/na  are  affirmative  where  they  are 
paaitiv«(  collateral  where  they  require  the  do- 
ing of  a  collateral  act ;'  compulsory  where  they 
expressly  conunand  a  thing  to  be  done ;  con- 
sistent when  they  agree  with  the  other  parts  of 
the  contract ;  copuUuive  when  composed  of  diit 
linct  parte  or  separate  conditions,  all  of  which 
must  be  performed — they  are  generally  con<K- 
(ioiu  precedent,  but-may  be  conditiona  suUe- 
mient ;»  covert  when  implied ;  disjunctive  when 
they  roquire  the  doing  of  several  things— if 
a  condition  become  impossible  in  the  cop- 
ulative it  may  be  taken  in  the  disjunctive  ;>■ 
exprcMwhen  created  by  expreai  words;'  ^m- 
pliad  when  the  law  suppoaea  the  partiea  to  have 
had  them  in  mind  at  the  time  the  transaction 
waa  entered  into,  though  no  condition  was  ex- 
pressed;* imposaible  wherein  they  cannot  be 
nerfonoed  by  natural  meana;  lawful  when  al- 
lowed by  law;  positive  when  the  event  or  act 
conteniMatcd  is  required  to  happen :  poaaible 
when  they  may  be  performed ;  precedent  when 
ther  must  be  performed  before  the  act  or  obli- 
gation takes  effect— they  are  to  be  dtodngnuhed 
from  subsequent  condition*  ;•  repugnant  when 
inconsistent  with,  and  coiuurary  to,  the  tmginal 

—  '"  '        lo  dark  ft r.  Ho. 


5'c 


'•■  •N.«T4«j.!  :  Dm.ut:  itjohi 

14  Rarb.  i» :  ■  Ato.  (H.  S.)  i«i ;   bm  sm  i  MIm. 
iSwaast.^;  .4M'Cowl.i4   a^Wtodb.ftM. 


.kC.6ar\i 

)07:Snaa.St. 

V3t   '  " 


Uttt9.  <T:  3CoM.^^Ato.(N.i.)»(i:  7Ve«tei, 
6  Hunpb.  j8.    m  WiMat.  its:  ilialdw.  C. 


*B     *4W.  n.  la*;  13  C.  0.067 ;  tg  Bn[,  t.  ft  Eq. 


.jVl.aj«:  kisii   .. 


■•VhM*  Abr.  Cimd.  (8.  b.)  (Y.  b. 


net  i  rcatrictive  when  they  impoae  a  reatraint  \* 
tingle  when  they  require  the  doing  only  of  a 
tingle  thing;  tuUcauent  when  their  eflicct  is 
not  pruiluced  until  alter  the  commencement  or 
completion  of  the  obligation— the  condition  in 
i\  miirtgage  defeating  the  conveyance  it  a  com- 
mon example;  unlawful  when  forbidden  Iw 
law  ;  void  when  of  no  validity  or  effect ;  void- 
able when  they  re<]uire  the  confirmation  or  rat' 
ification  of  one  or  more  of  the  parties. 

Conditions  mutt  he  made  timultancouti) 
with  the  original  contract  or  conveyance, 
though,  in  the  abtence  of  a  ttatule  to  the  coiv 
trary,  they  may  he  by  a  tcparate  inttrument  of 
writing.  They  are  then  considered  at  contti- 
luting  one  transaction  with  the  original.*  Un- 
lawful conditions  are  void.  Any  words  suitable 
to  indicate  the  intention  of  the  paVtiet  may  be 
used  in  the  creation  of  a  condition.  "  On  con- 
dition "  it  the  common  form  of  commencement. 
The  wordt  of  condition  need  be  in  no  particular 
pl.ice  in  the  inttrument.* 

Conditions  which  defeat  or  dettroy  are  strictly 
construed,  while  thote  which  limit,  extend  or 
vest  bre  liberally  construed.*  The  conditior 
of  an  obligation  is  said  to  be  the  language  of 
the  obligee^  and  for  that  reason  it  construed 
liberally  in  favor  of  the  obligor.'  But  when- 
ever an  obligation  to  imposed  l^  a  condition 
the  c9nstruction  to  to  be  favorable  to  the 
obligee.* 

Where  conditions  are  liberally  construed  a 
strict  performance  is  required,  and  a  lets  exact 
or  strict  performance  it  allowed  where  there  to 
a  strict  construction  of  the  condition.  Perform- 
ance should  be  complete  and  effectual.*  An 
inconsiderable  catual  failure  to  perform  is  not 
non-performance.'  Any  one  who  has  an  inter- 
est in  the  matter  may  perform  the  condition,  but 
a  stranger  will  derive  uo  benefit  from  perform- 
ing iO  Conditions  precedent  <;an  generally  be 
exactly  performed;  and  equity  will  not  gen- 
erally interfere  to  avoid  the  consequences  of 
non-performancc.k  But  in  cases  of  conditions 
subsequent  eifuity  will  interfere  where  there  is 
even  a  partial  performance,  or  where  there  is 
only  a  delay  of  performance.!  Generally,  where 
no  time  of  performance  is  limited,  he  who  has 
(he  benefit  of  the  contract  may  perform  the  con- 
dition when  he  pleases,  at  any  time  during  hit 
life,*  and  need  not  do  it  when  requested."  But 
If  a  prompt  performance  be  necessary  to  carry 
out  the  will  of  a  testator,  the  beneficiary  will 
not  have  a  lifetime  in  which  to  perform  the  con- 
dition."   In  thto  case  no  previous  demand  to 

»•)  jJf-Co-  Ult.  ««.  a-Shepp.  Touchtt.  ur  m-AB 
C'nKHtlom  mutt  b*  pfscsdant  or  tuUeauetit.  B-Sbaop. 
Toucbtt.  ift.  e.sS.ftR.«$:  TWatttftsTMSj  3 
.H«l.95ijW8jJ^^«4;  roOl.10,433;  loN.H.T?  * 
Id.  M.  O-Crabb*  R.  Pnp.  t  1130;  «  N.  Y.  34;  4 
Ct.  Ult.  4«,  a.,  183,  a.i  a  Panont  Contr.  ■• ;  Shapo. 
Sumn.  C.  C.  440.    fl-i  Rolic  Abr.  4*3-   Tt  DaU.  44: 

If^' A.  *??  »  !??•*  4  I»i.  S« :  •«  Me.  gas.  » 
Plowd.  i« Co.  Un.  sol, b.    ■-5SrftR.3t4. 


-L, 


CONTRACTS. 


nec«MU7.*  But  trta  then  •  rMaonabl*  tiin« 
is  •llowtd.' 

If  ft  plftOe  be  aifrecd  upon,  neither  party  alone 
can  change  It,  but  cither  may  with  the  consent 
of  the  oiner.o 

Non-perfonnance  of  a  condition  which  was 
poMible  at  the  lime  of  its  making,  but  which  ha* 
since  become  lni|M>uilile,  is  excused  if  the  im- 
possihilily  is  caused  by  act  of  God,'  or  by 
act  of  law,  if  it  was  lawful  at  its  creation  i*  or 
Ity  act  of  the  party,  as  when  the  one  imposing 
the  obligation  accepts  another  thing  In  satisfac- 
tion, or  renders  lh«  (wrfurmance  im|KMti>ihle  liy 
his  own  default.'  If  the  performance  of  one 
part  becomes  impossible  by  act  of  God,  the 
whole  will.  In  general,  he  excused.* 

CoNriDRNCB.    Sec  Tkt;sT,  etc.,  below. 

CONPIRMATION  is  a  contract  making 
firm  and  unavoidable  that  which  was  before 
voidable.  When  a  party,  acting  for  himself  or 
by  a  previously  authorised  agent,  has  attempted 
to  enter  into  a  contract,  but  has  done  so  in  an 
informal  or  invalid  manner,  he  may  confirm  the 
act  and  thus  render  it  valid.  It  will  then  take 
effect  as  between  the  parties  from  the  making 
of  the  original  contract.'  To  moke  a  valid 
confimuUloB  th«  pwty  must  be  apprised  uf  his 
rights,  and  where  there  has  been  a  fraud  in  the 
transaction  he  most  b«  aware  of  it,  and  intend 
to  confirm  hk  contract.*  A  confirmation  mav 
make  a  def«wii>i«  or  voidable  contract  good, 
but  cannot  strengthen  or  make  valid  a  voidcon- 
tract.*    See  iMrANTi,  Pkbsonal  RiLATiom. 

Comnrr.  See  Ambnt,  above;  SAUn,below. 

CONtlOBRATION  is  the  HMterial  m«m 
which  movea  a  contracting  perty  to  enter  into 
a  contraef  Tite  price,  motive,  or  mauer  of  in- 
ducement to  the  cuotnct,  a  coapensatioa  or 
eouivalent—ivhether  it  be  that  which  is  paid  or 
otherwise— or  the  incoBTenience  anfferea  by  the 
part*  fipoai  whoa  it  pncecdt. 

Couidentioa  ia  concwrent  where  it  arises 
at  the  same  or  when  the  promieea  are  simulta- 
neoiMi  oontineiDg  when  it  is  execated  only  in 
parts  eanitaUa  when  a  moral  cousidcration ; 
executed  wbeQ  received  oefore  the  obligur 
n>.d<  the  proeaiie  i  exei;;Btary  when  the  under- 
takiifg  ia  for  Aitare  perfonaaaee ;  good  when 
of  bkrad  (kinship),  natural  'efleeiioB,  natural 
doty,  genemity,  prudence,  and  the  like  (*  gra- 


bw. 


•-S  SJt  R.  lis.  .  p-t  Soils  Akr.  449 


II     


•-»  nck.< 


)  sLsoe,  sfej  sec  PaavMHSSMCi 
iPhtasCCfca:  •PM.Ms:  •< 


.«5- 


nek.*:  iYhtMC.C«aa:«PM.MS:  t&H, 

m-    •■*  B.ltT.  H*l  Cn,  Waktlkt;  iC«.»t;  ltd. 
Rajrai.  S9.    v-S*s  Bout,        " 


■9--  ^J?".  """•  !"■<•  ■•  "-f  seas  safa.  «. 
I.  S  B.  Ch.  Ir.  JUi  «  8«h.  ft  CmTU  Ym. 
;  lid.  sis:  i^Ch.  3ot;  •Wates.slsb    ». 


Ksjrei. 
Sm  iB. 

Co!  Utt.  SM.    jri;H.  Ciss. «». 

e«:  1014.0911  sBgll.  sM:  iM'Coea,M4: 

•  Mick.  jli.  »CUMy  Contr.  7 ;  1>oa.  ft  8.  tnil  1  S. 
N.  r.  SB.  eat  *  Pm.  it*:  j  Cnndi.  14*.  iso;  «  litt. 
•!i:  Oik-.. «;  -4.l'.4«:  '.^^-I^.^MgJ; 


ruS: 


mo:  14  I',  M 
i  sJ.J.  Manth.a 


;  S  W.'kS.  4st:.ij  »•  & 


Mils, 

B.j.i:,«aei..8J. 


ifii#.-,?-4j?i&'%Tic! 


«.  io:'4  meU'.  }W:  »C. 
j» :  4  Kaei.  u.  ence  on  iha  cal^jca  ofcawslJsas- 
*m.  snbss  hf^Z.  L^.,"  Aai.l^RW.  Ibr  Mhiek. 
May,  sad  July,  tiss,  WlMi»«asss  ox  the  whole  Male 
ste  esBscssJ.   «-e7}.  B.  tsi :  s  A.  ft  E.  $4:  taiUh 


tuitous  when  not  founded  on  such  a  daprivs- 
tion  or  Injury  to  the  promisee  ss  to  make  ihe 
consideration  valid  in  law  ;*  lm|MMMblc  when 
It  cannot  be  performed  ;  moral  when  suHiciciii 
to  supuort  an  executed  contract,  ant!  valuahli 
when  It  confers  *ome  ticnctii  upon  the  party  l>y 
whom  the  pruoiiae  it  mode,  or  upon  a  third 
party  at  hi*  instance  or  rci)uest  1  or  some  dein  - 
meni  sustained  at  the  instanre  of  the  party 
promising  by  Ihe  party  in  whose  favor  the 
pmmise  m  made.* 

Consideration  is  the  very  life  and  essence  ol 
a  contract ;  and  a  contract  or  promise  for  whit  h 
there  is  no  consideration  cannot  be  enforced  at 
law.*  The  consideration  is  the  fMu*  of  tin 
contract,'*  and  a  consideration  must  be  provided. 
where  the  contract  is  in  writing,  but  irat  under 
seal,  aa  much  as  if  the  contract  were  oral  only* 
The  Asception  to  this  rule  in  case  of  mercan- 
tile negotiable  papvr  is  considered  elsewhere. 
Where  the  consideration  ia  expressed  in  a 
written  contract,  no  other  can  be  proved'  unieu 
there  are  worda  to  Indicate  other  co«»idera- 
tionx.s  Where  the  consideration  is  not  ex- 
pressed, it  may  be  proved.*  And  where  the 
contract  declares  it  was  made  for  a  vnluable 
Co  widcration,  this  Is  /tmm  /aci»  evidence  of 
sucJi  consideration.* 

AoiQUACY.  If  the  consideration  ia  valuable 
it  need  not  be  tuU^umtt;  that  is,  the  court  wil/ 
not  inquire  into  the  exact  proportion  between 
Ihe  value  of  the  consideration  and  that  of  the 
thing  to  be  done  for  it  J  But  it  must  have  some 
real  value ;  and  if  this  Iw  very  small,  this  cir> 
cumstance  may,  even  by  itself,  and  sHIl  more 
when  connected  \n  other  indications,  imply  or 
sustain  1  cliarge  of^ fraud.'  Mere  felly  or  want 
of  judgment  will  not  defeat  a  contract.*  The 
courts  refuse  to  dhKurb  contracts  on  questions 
of  mere  adequacy.  When  adequacy  of  con- 
sideration becomea  material,  whether  it  existt 
is  a  question  for  the  court." 

ArricrioM.  Natural  affcction— the  aficction 
which  a  huabuid,  father,  brother,  n  wife, 
mother,  sister,  or  other  near  rchaive  naturally 
feela  towards  thoae  who  ara  so  neariy  allied 
to  him— aometimea  sup|dies  the  |4aee  of  a 
valuable  conaideration  in  contracts.  Natural 
affKtion  is  •  good  consideration  in  a  convey- 
anoe  of  land. 


I  Coan.  sfi ,  ,  . 

COBMI.  1||  1  SI  Vl 


2*4  Mii.]M:  I  La. 

..  ... sys.  ,Ths sdsihiloa «f a ssaslilsrs 

Ucn  ia  ^  wiii^  b,oreouisc.><^M>/MkevMHMs 

l.|«  Me.  »|I ' 


M,  i«  Me.  M4.  ^i  John*,  isg;  QOeta, 
■••  sps  3  JeuBs.  V*\*  B.  Mm.  )»<:  i 
fje|as.s4>.  ■^^»f!»Cp<»«»i. 
t  4  Mo.  ss;  see  so  BsA.  sgt.  J^i  A.  ft 


K«b.  j4a:  see 
H«Ml.%i9.    ■ 


KWSilSllil'WI^W'^ 


C0NT11ACT8. 


on  inch  •  doprivi 
ItM  u  to  make  ihe 
I*  im|MMWiblc  when 
onl  when  *ultici«iii 
nlrnci.  tnd  valiMhli 
il  upon  (k«  p*rty  by 
le,  or  upon  •  third 
iiett  I  or  MMiM  dein- 
Unct  of  th«  party 
a  whoM  Ckvor  (he 

lift  ukI  eiMnce  nl 
H  promlM  for  whith 
nnot  be  enforced  at 
I*  Ihe  totu*  of  tht 
)ii  mu»t  be  prnvlded, 
iting,  but  not  under 
ract  ware  oral  only.* 
in  case  of  mcrcaiv 
itidcrcd  elsewhere, 
it  expratted  in  a 
in  be  proved'  unlaM 
It  other  connidera- 
leration  ia  not  ex- 
>  And  where  the 
ladt  for  •  vnluabit 
I  /acta  evidence  of 

Jeraiion  ia  valuable 
iti  it,  the  court  will 
proportion  between 
on  and  tiint  of  Ihe 
t  it  mutt  have  tome 
very  tiiiall,  thit  cir- 
telr.  and  trill  more 
idicatioot,  inply  or 

Mart  feUy  or  want 
It  a  oantmct.>  The 
ntracta  on  qwtliant 

adtquacy  of  con- 
J,  whttbar  k  txitu 

iction— the  affection 
,  brother,  a  wife, 
r  rtlative  natundly 
irt  to  nearly  ailitd 
H  Ihe  |dace  of  a 
contracta.  Natural 
nratiiw  in  a  convey- 

•tfCoaa.  }r;  t|M. 

I  ROWWAf  f  iMMfll  Wtm  Of 

y  ha  vrbvad  othatwiM, 
ia.  IM;  I  La.  An,  ft; 
lauMMMi  o(r  a  oomldini* 

iBMb.iiB«.   J.iiA.ft 

H  Lav.  itl,S.C.|  I 
t  Ld.  Rayvi.  ttt^i  t 


AuiMNMENT  oy  A  DtRT  Or  riRht  il  a  good 
conudaraiiun  for  a  promiM  by  the  aMignee.* 
s-i  Ihe  aaaignmcnt  of  a  deU  or  cho»e  In  action 
with  Ihe  content  of  the  dcUur  i*  a  gotMi  con 
>iileration  fur  Ihe  debtor'*  promiie  lo  pay  ihe 
jMignee.  It  it  merely  a  promlte  lo  pay  a  debt 
'lu<-,and  Ihe  cnniideralion  it  the  diichNrge  of  the 
■lebtor'i  liability  to  the  asaiKnor."  Bui  if  either 
iT.iitMction  amounlt  lo  maintenance,  which  in 
Illegal,  Ihe  contiderttion  failt,  and  the  promite 
is  void. 

OlLU  or   EXCHANOK,  BONM  AND  PlIOMIt- 

«>RY  Nnrm  carry  with  them  /rima  fatit  cvi- 
lence  of  contideralion."     See  Ihia  title  above. 

CONTIAHY    TO     MoHAU,    BTC.       GMtlracU 

which  at  incentive  to  crime,  or  of  which 
Ihe  contidenlion  is  an  engagement  or  obliga- 
tion improperly  prejudicial  to  the  feelingt  of  t 
third  party,  oflensive  lo  decency  or  morality, 
ur  which  hava  a  tendency  to  miichievotia  or 
|K-iniciout  con*e<i9encet,  are  void,  being  againtt 
tound  morals.* 

biPoaiT.    See  title  BAii.MENTi,  DnrotlT. 

Equitable.  See  Moral,  IwIow. 

EXBCtrrKD  consideraiiona  are  tboao  which 
are  wholly  paM.  An  executed  contideration 
will  not  generally  be  auffictent  lo  tuppoit  a 
contract.  Il  ia  something  done  before  the 
obligor  maket  hit  promite,  and  therefore  can- 
not be  a  foundation  for  that  promiae  anlett 
il  hta  been  executed  at  the  requeit  (expreta  or 
implied)  of  the  promitor ;  tuch  a  requeat  plainly 
impliet  a  fair  and  reatonaUe  compentatkn^ 

ExnBtBiNO.  The  contideration  in  tteple 
contracu  if  not  expratted  mutt  be  proved, 
tnd  thit  may  be  done  by  extrinaic  evidence.* 
If  expretaed,  tuch  expretsion  it  prim*  fiuU 
evidence  of  Ihe  conttderation.  Contracta,  un- 
der teal,  aa  bondt  and  decdt,  Judgmenti,  and 
negotiable  inttrumenta,  imply  by  their  very 
nature  a  contideration,  and 'in  the  abience  of 
an  expretaion  of  contideration  i^i^ne  nead  be 


an  expretaio 
proved. 

Failukb  or  —.  a  want  or  failnra  ia  the 
whole  or  in  part,  of  the  ctkiiideration  of  a 
wiitten  contract,  mty  be  thown  at  a  defence, 
iota]  or  partial,  aa  the  caae  may  be,  in  an  action 
on  inch  contract,  brought  by  one  who  ia  not  an 
innocent  holder  in  gooid  faith. 
l-i  M.tM|  t  W.  H.  tan;  4  a  ft  C.  |t*.8.C:  7 

T.  Itfiaj  4  tteat.  pAi  .jile.  4I4S  ?  N.  H.  m* 

ID.  til,  14 Mint,  tfis  ta  fkk.  Mii  •  Ifct  Mu..  ito; 

J  M.  iiu  4'Mati.  114,  It  MTjafTa  N.  ff.  19s;  ai  Id! 
nhf  1*'  •'•i  ta.M.  an:  atld.  349, 374 :  t  Id. 


»Ht 


Ala.  Hi  t4ld.7a:  M  Wmd.St;  9  Cew, 


When  Ihe  consideration  appeart  lo  be  valu- 
ible  and  lufficicnl,  but  turni  out  lo  be  wholl* 
falie  ur  a  mere  nulliiy,  or  where  ii  may  have 
been  actually  atxhi,  Iml  before  any  |>urt  of  Ihe 
ontiaci  has  been  |ieKormed  l>y  cither  parly, 
and  liefore  any  Iwnefii  has  been  derived  from 
It  to  the  party  (Mying  or  dep<Mitlng  money  for 
such  contideration,  and  the  considrralion  wholly 
faili,  Ihe  promiae  retting  on  such  a  considera- 
tion is  no  longer  ol>llgaiory,  and  Ihe  party  pay- 
ing or  depotillng  money  upon  it  can  recr>ver  It 
liacli,'  but  where  Ihe  considertilon  ftils  only  in 
/mft,  Ihe  principles  analoKou»  lo  those  which 
govern  an  inquiry  into  the  ade<|uacy  of  a  con- 
nideralion  would  be  umMttl  lo  il.  If  there 
were  a  tnhaUnlial  contideration  left,  although 
much  diminished,  it  would  still  suffice  to  sus- 
tain the  contract.  But  if  the  diminution  of 
lailure  were  such  at  in  efTwct  tnd  reality  to  ttke 
away  all  Ihe  value  of  ihe  consideration,  it 
would  be  regarded  at  one  ihat  had  wholly 
failed.  ' 

But  where  a  perton,  with  full  knowledge  of 

all  the  circumstances,  |iays  money  voluntarily, 

,  and  without  compulsion  or  duress  of  perton  or 

goodt,  he  shall  not  afterward  recover  back  Ihe 

money  so  |i«d.' 

Forbearance.  An  agreement  to  furliear 
for  a  time  proceedings  to  enforce  a  well- 
founded  claim  is  a  valid  consideration  for  a 
promise.*  Bur  this  consideration  fails  if  it  be 
shown  that  the  claim  is  unsustainable  at  law  or 
in  equity,*  but  mere  proof  that  it  it  doubtful 
will  not  invalidate  the  consideration.'  Nor  it 
it  necettary  that  the  forbearance  thould  extend 
to  an  entire  ditcharge ;  any  delay,  which  is  real 
and  not  merely  colorable,  it  enough.*  Nor  ij 
it  nuUerial  whether  the  proceedingt  to  be  forc- 
bomc  have  been  commenced  or  not.*  Nor 
n«wd  the  agreement  to  a  delay  lie  for  a  time 
certain}  for  it  may  be  for  a  reaaonable  lime 
only,  and  ^t  be  tufficient  contideration  for  a 
promite  (Z  but  the  actual  time  of  forbearance 
thould  be  proved,  and  if  thit  be  judged  ty  the 
court  to  be  reatonable,  the  action  will  be  tut- 
lained  {■  but  where  the  ttay  of  action  it  wholly 
uncertain,  or  tuch  at  can  be  of  no  benefit  to  the 
debtor  or  detriment  to  the  creditor,  it  ia  not 
enough.* 

Omm.mS.  Tht  aiitiun  of  damagti  la  ich  one  It  the 
lum  MM,  ao  aUowann  Is  to  U  mads  Ibr  plaiaiiff '1  loss 
and  dhepoeiaiaMM,  ■  Noti  &  M'Cerd.sto:  (AUen, 
jo4.    n-S  Cosh.  iiTi  1*  Pkk.  7;  4  Met,  ili ;  «  Enp. 

J};  Com.  IMr.  K  I ;  j  Chluv  Cms.  L.  M-tfr :  1  Bli« 
Sf.  C.  444:  •  W- J:  »  a.  a  1.  19:  4  GiWnl.  jS;.- 4 
Jebas.  137;  ti  Fran.  St  sjr;  1  Blnn.  sd-:  i  Cush. 
i«)  9  Bmt,  147;  I W.  A  8. 4*0:  to  Wend,  toi :  WHahl, 
414;, i  Hanva-  to:  6  Lslgli.  •«:  t  Doual.  (Mich.)  M; 
•a  Ala.  sng;  13  ID.  140.    ■•■  HaB,  sM;  4  Dav.  A  B. 

*- -  *^  '  "  '     ;  so  AU.  «9i  i<  N. 

Willis,  4*7:  I  V«M. 

Ytl*.s«;  Match. 

-         Ms. 


srs 


»J» 


"?W-S 


Ala.sng;  13  IB.  140.     _  - , ,  , 

t  4  ftai.  4}s;  I  B.  ft  Ad.  «o4:  so  AU 
Lton.  105;  Willw,. 
-„,  ~- — —— .  .^;  Palm.  304;  Ytlv.  n.^ 

""'»'2?fi>»«  *^i'<!:  'o^-  '77!  IS  Hi    

»j  B.  ft  AM.  ii7i  6  Mnnf.  m6;  „  Vt.  483:  4  Htwhi; 
•A  *•*  ?<*»•  .•«■:  •>«•  «»•  detay  was  mm  jnar,- 1 
Mist.  41.;  fcira  die  dchy  vM'a  yir/aMT  or  tbsM- 
ainiMs ;  ia« saM,  note  /.  X-Wadi  w.  Momo^ at.  R 
5J«:  •  »»5-  »«.  y-4  Wash.  C.  C.  i4<:  t  |tma.St. 
3«S :  s  Rawto, &,  Tj;  13  Vi.  tn^  tm  ante, no(»<.  » 
*  0**"d  «*J.  ""M-  »i.  "t  Siast.  45S  --  - 
in;  3Pnui.8l.  ^i  9V1. 133. 


■» 

K 


CONTRACTt. 


Mt<Nl>tiCttnM<l'i»<im«r«lx  volunlwy,  bul  U good 
•g«ln»l  (ha  |>ri<iiilMir  i>r  granlof  when  once  •(- 
cculcit,*  bul  void  •gklnal  cr«<lMon  and  lubM 
i|u«n(  4««<t./(>//  imrthdMri  (or  valua.*  TIm 
I9rm  M  (oMWiimM  u<i«<l  in  (ha  mum  of  •  can- 
viittrMton  valid  in  |«>in(  \4  law,  aad  it  (hen 
ineludaa  a  valunlilt  a»  wall  ai  a  mariloriou* 
CunaidaraliiMi*  (Kfiirr^lly,  howe»ar,  "gtwd" 
ti  oMMMwd  lo  "  valualita,''  which  •••. 

HlHB.      iiM  lllle  lUOMKNT*. 

iLtlOAL  conaidaiatUMM  can  h*  no  (bunda 
(lun  or  cniiM  for  a  contract.  VI<>lation«  of 
moraUly,  dacancy,  and  policy,  m  c<in(raci»  to 
cooimil,  coNcaal,  or  compound  crima,  ar«  in 
coMrartntioa  of  law.  Ho,  alio,  with  a  con 
tract  for  t^au*  llticil  IniarcoarM,  or  In  fraud 
of  a  third  party,  or  tba  Ilka.  In  ganaml,  if  any 
part  of  Iha  anilr*  coasidarat Um  for  a  promlM, 
or  any  part  of  an  anllra  pri>mi«c,  b«  iil^al,  Iha 
whola  contract  la  voldi*  bacauM  pwhllc  iMdijy 
will  not  parmit  a  party  to  cpfcirca  a  |irui>ilM 
which  ha  hM  obtalnad  by  an  illcKal  act  or  an 
lllaga)  promiM,  althoagh  h«  may  hava  con- 
nactitd  with  this  ad  or  prowlM  aeothar  which 
iaiagal.  B«llfaiMglv«  a  good  and  valid  eon- 
•idarottoa,  aiMl  tbaraapon  ona  pro«iM«  to  do 
two  Ihlngt,  oM  lagsl  and  tha  olhar  illagaf,  ha 
thaU  b«  tald  lo  that  which  ia  l«pi,'  imlaai  tha 
two  ai«  M  lingkKJ  aad  boand  toMthar  thai 
(bay  caMMt  be  Mparalad,  In  whim  caaa  tha 
whola  pfonla*  ia  void.  Whart  lh«  comidwa* 
lioii  ia  akoMtlMT  Ul^pl,  it  ia  inaMOcicnt  to  tua- 
tain  aprowiM,  •adthaagrtMMmia  wlM>lly  void. 
Sm  naxt  psngTSpk. 

IMMOKAL.  CoMttaeta  Cur  aa  iauBorsI  con- 
tidaration  an  gmarally  void.  An  agraeinent 
in  coaaidaradon  of  Artnra  illicit  cohaMtalion 
bi<waaa  IIm  paitlMji  as  agraaoiMM  far  iha 
viilaa  vi  imaaral  and  liballoa*  pietmraa,^  or  for 
piiitting  a  Ubol,i  or  far  an  imnoral  wtigin^  earn- 
not,  Ihanfera,  ba  aaforcad  i  for  whalB»W'  ariaaa 
from  aa  iaMwinl  or  illagal  coaatdifUltai  ia  void. 
It  iaagaawaalwwlf  thatwhanavaraa'agwtHtat 
apsaara  to  ba  iHafU,  iauaofal.  or  agnioMi  pabUe 
policy,  a  aotnt  of  jauioe  leavaa  tha  paitiaa 
wJMta  it  teda  Iham.  Vfhm  tha  agwaaiaBt  hai 
baonaxacntadthecoattwiUaairaMBdits  whan 
csacatory  tha  coait  will  not  Idd  its  asaottioik' 

iMPoaiinJt  ooaaidarationa  Ma  vMljr  had 
and  intoMtciaat,  aad  a  ooatract  fcaw^ad  tharaua 
iavoid.  Bat  tbb  impaMiMliiy  hmni  ba  a  natatal 
or    phyaical   tmposiibility.'     A   (xwidaratioa 

h-fuM.  Iq.  B.  I.e.  i,|t:  CMMyCr.  A    •«M*a. 

•  B.UkK.ns> 
II  WiHM.  »0h  II 
4ti!  4  lick. 


*•  "'i'^^^'^^'^zA^Ji 


mi  7n«k.  tut  •  6m»,  Mit  14 Si 

CflSlSfe 

,  iMi  Iff  Fraa.  81.  •>.  Jf-i  larr.  ij 


ayl%».  IS, 


M;4(Wn,4n:  4  J«aaik  «••,:  t>  til 
15.    »>*iJ*U  J«tW"li  •Wifc  )M 

i  fA4.k%.i^i  iPM.9i,aai;  tT«M«. 


1,M,  *4      Pl;^0>ll«,4' 
•  T.  jt.  fU 


which  ona  cannot  parform  wiihoul  ■  breach  of 
lh«  law  I*  l«<l,  *n<l  w>  i»  ou*  which  canmil  tw 
twrf.iimad  al  «ll*'  Th*  r«ti«>n  i«  cih«io«i»; 
Iriim  Mch  ciMKidarallon  nu  |hjm|IiIc  hanalit  nr 
Mlvantaga  could  ba  darWad  liy  iha  unr  t<«ny, 
nor  dxrim^n)  tr:  ihti  iiihcr.  Mu*  «  (itimhim  m 
nttl  yiiiu  marely  tiacauaa  i(  u  ilill«t.uU  fx  even 
im|ir<itiabta.  And  11  warn*  iIm(  if  ih*  imiwui 
iNllly  afiftli**  to  (h«  tiromlwir,  iwiMiiially,  Ihara 
baina  nallhcr  natural  itnimwiKilily  in  (he  (hitiu, 
nor  lll«|(«liiy  nor  inimorallly,  lh«n  h«  l«  Ixiund 
l>y  hu  und«rtaklii|{,  and  l(  i»  a  (oimI  cunnidera 
<iun  for  the  prumtM  of  aiiuihar,*  liavauMi  if  « 
party  Itind*  hloiMlf  t<i  Mich  an  undartaktnii,  he 
may  aiihar  {irocura  tha  ihiiig  to  lia  •tunc  I7 
thina  wb'>  can  do  it,  or  alM  pay  dumaga*  (01 
not  doing  It. 

KiMlia.  Conaidaraiiona  ara  fttJ  or  m/m- 
aiU.  A  good  conaiderBilun  n  auch  aa  thai  uf 
IdouU,  or  of  natural  luva  and  aflcclion,  where 
II  man  granta  an  aalate  to  a  near  relation,  being 
I'liundad  on  motivca  of  generueily,  urudance, 
mid  natural  duty.*  A  vaiuabia  cunaldaraiion  u 
titua'ly  In  acme  way  (lacunlary  or  convertible 
into  money.*  An  e<|uiiabl«  conaidaraiiim  la 
valid  batwaan  partiea.  although  it  ba  not  valu- 
able i  but  only  a  valuable  coatidaration  ia  valid 
aa  agalnat  a  third  party  aa  a  aubaaquant  pur- 
chaMr,*  whoaa  debt  aatatad  whan  tlia  oontmct 
waa  aMdo  i  an  attaching  crodHor.  or  tha  like. 
A  mara  aotval  cmnidaralion  it  m»tAittg-* 

LABoa.    8«a  WoaK,  ate,  balow. 

LmoATiON.  Tha  prcvaatioa  of  HiigaUoo 
la  not  oaly  a  auflkiant  bat  a  hifldy-favorad 
oonaidaration,'  and  no  invaadfaaoa  iiMo  tlw 
charactar  or  value  of  tha  dillnani  claiwii  tab- 
aiittad  will  ba  entered  into  for  tha  parpoaa  of 
aalting  aaida  a  comproaaiaa,  it  baing  aalRciaat 
if  tha  partica  entering  into  th«  ooatproaiiaa 
thoaght  at  tha  time  tiwi  thara  waa  •  qaanlon 
batwaan  them.* 

Loan.    Saa  tiila  BAtuuum. 

Mandat*.    Saa  titio  BAiLMgm. 

Mai»iaoi  la  a  valaabla  conaidaration, 
thoagh  it  ba  aot  convattibia  into  monay,  nor  of 
pacaaiary  value.* 

McMAt  OiLKMTioMa  aia  oftaa  aaid  lo  ha 
a  aaffkiant  oonaidaratioa.  It  ia  a  rata,  kow- 
lach  Bioiral  obljfitioa  auat  hava 
valaabla  and  aftiotcibia  fav  law,  bat 
to  ba  10  bv  Iha  alatate  of  ttattattion^ 
or  by  dM  faHanraatwa  of  baakrvpley.  TM 
claim,  ia  taoh  caaa,  ramaiaa  aqmlly  aaMraog  en 


ffS:  J4lt  aDaaatlgii  tim^jSi 


wilhiral  ■  hrtAcb  rjf 

I  in*  whu  h  cantHM  lie 

rvitwiii  It  <^iuu« . 
K)  |iuMllti«  ti«nchl  or 
■«l  l)y  iIm  <in«  (Mrly, 

Hu*     •   |>riMHIM    M 

t  la  *hlht.Hlt  >i<  tven 

■  tlidl  if  ih*  ini|iciMl' 
Htf,  iwfMrtiallir,  lh«r« 
Miltiliiir  tn  iha  thiiiK, 
liy,  ih«n  b«  l<  hminit 

II  •  gOIMi    CtMMIlUr* 

iiuihar,*  liccauM  if  t 
li  an  uniUrtaliing,  he 
ttiiiK  lu  Im  4lunt  liy 
iIm  pay  dmMugn  («r 

I  art  gmd  or  tmhh 
tn  M  auch  ti  thai  of 
and  ailtcliun,  where 
I  near  ralalUtn,  being 
tnttimiiy,  i)tu<Uncr, 
«bU  CMiaiaeratMNi  u 
nUry  or  coavertible 
ble  conaidOTUkm  la 
ough  it  ba  not  valu- 
»B»iil«ratkm  i*  valid 
I  a  auba«qu«nt  pur- 
i«i  wlwn  Um  contract 
irtdltor.  or  iIm  iik«. 
n  If  M««4i«|f  .« 
c,  balow. 

'•Mloa  of  HtlfMloa 
lit  •  higbly-fovorcd 
ivMftigatKM  into  Ik* 
dUlitOfit  cbkiaa  avb* 
>  for  tho  pMrpoM  of 
m,  it  iioiiif  auMcioiit 
ilo  tho  oonimMiiao 
k«n  WM  »  nimtion 

VNTE 

klLMUm. 

iibto     cooaidtnUion, 

•  iiMo  moiMy,  nor  of 

(t  oAaa  Mid  to  ba 
It  to  a  mk,  Immt- 
tiifMioa  ■tut  Imm 
Iferdbl*  bv  la«,  ImK 
MMto  of  HmitaiioiH^ 
r  bttiltniiHcjr.    Tki 

■  aqmlly  M  «nmg  0* 


H    WM>      M'ltfS  Ih^K.1  1j,  a 


CTONTItAiTl. 


ih«cu<Mci«nr«afllMd«b(or.  TkviMloaMooiiM 
tmly  lo  a  perwlaaton  to  «•!««  certain  piMii«« 
rul«  of  law  aa  to  rxinedv  *  If  ih«  mtifal  Huiy 
wr*  once  a  logal  tmm  which  cimbi  have  bem 
mad*  avallabia  tn  dafance,  it  la  a<|<Mlly  within 
ihamla.' 

FloHian.     MaiMl  praait««a  mada  at   iha 
•ame  tlMO  ar«  oaociirrant  conatderatlima,  and 
will  etipport  aMh  other  If  both  t»  leg.:  and 
Undlng.*     And  it  la  •<>  fm*Un»  tu  |Mrfurm 
aiice   and  wltkoal  parfcinnanca.     A»,    if    tmt 
promieaa   to  bacoma   a   partnar.   and  another 
|ir<Hntaea  tu  receive  him  into  tka  linn,  txnh  of 
ihaaa  promieaa  aia  btnding.  each  being  aafll 
iient   conaidaration   for   iha  other. •      If    tmt 
(•rueniaa  to  teach  a  t^rtaln  tnwla,  llita  U  a  con 
•Kleralioa  (or  •  promiaa  lo  ramaiii  with  the 
l>«rty  ■  cartain  length  of  tima  to  laarn,  and 
Mrr»a  hiM  during  thM  lima  ;  bol  whImmi  each 
IMtimiaa  to  faach,  the  momiaa  to  ranuUn  and 
•«rve.  tbotigh  II  ba  HMtde  In  eapactaUon  of  In- 
Mrucilon,  ia  void.'     The  reaion  of  ihla  to,  that 
a  promiaa  to  nol  a  good  ctmaldarMton  for* 
IVMNiiaa  onlaaa  there  I*  an  abeoluta  m«t«alUy 
of  obligttion,  ao  thai  eaih  |«rty  baa  Iko  riglM 
•t  oMca  to  bold  Iha  oihar  lo  a  powllivo  agiao. 
mam.*    A  proMiaa  lo  m,ftf4  and  /my  far  goodt 
IS  a  good  oonaidartuio*  far  a  promtoo  lo  Jtuttr 
ihem,*  far  lb«  biivar  aMy  landar  iba  prtot  and 
•lemand  lb*  fooifai  aitd  tbo  aallar  imiy  twidar 
•ha  gooda  aM  daauuMl  ibo  prko.»    Tba  tacatn 
lion  to  ihto  mla  to  in  oaao  of  oontraeta  bolwaan 
intonia  and  oanona  of  fail  ago;  Um  promtoa 
of  an  Infant  to  a  aoaaUkratioii  far  tba  prooitoa 
of  an  adult,  though  tba  Infant  nMjr  avaid  hto 
coMract,  wblla  'ho  adak  oamot.* 
Snvicsi.    Sao  WowR,  ate.,  b^ow. 
SntAMUMs'  Rioirra.    A  ihtod  party  may 
maintain  an  aelioa  on  a  promtoa  amda  to  anMber 
for  y a  ba»a4ll,«  for  aacb  proflitoo  to  lo  ba  daamtd 
mada  lu  Ibe  third  partv,  If  adoMkI  by  Mm, 
ihoagb  ha  waa  not  cogniaaal  of  It  whatt  made.* 
StoMiuupnom  for  ahaiw    la  »   ebartared 
company  mat    apaa   a   aaJIrtaat   contodtra- 
Ikin,  for  tba  compaajr  to  abMga4  to  gi««  th« 
Mbwiribar  bto  aharaa,  asd  ba  mart  nay  for 
bam.'    Concamiag  volaniary  aabacripUoM  far 
diarltabla  pvrpoaaa,  tbara  to  mach  confaaioa 


'^sr 


h   »«UL4«^  ifliajMai  )«ld.M.   »■ 


of  aalhorlllaa.r  HubKripilona  to  a  comnHMl 
nb(act  ara  nm  mually  mmual  ni>r  realty  concur- 
rent, and  can  l«»  halil  ami  anfur< :e<t  <inly  on  iha 
ground*  of  publK  |iolicy.»  A  iuImu  rl|Micin  to  ha 
biniling  oughl  lo  be  a  |iromiiM  lo  MMna  panlca. 
lar  pe/wm  m  oKnmlllee  There  •houM  ba  aa 
agreement  on  ihe  iiart  of  tuch  paraon  or  com- 
millaa  lo  do  «utnelhlng  on  their  iian.  aa  to  pro- 
vide material  to  ere«,  ritan<f,  or  repair  a 
building,  <»  ihe  like  •  If  a<lvance«  wrre  fairly 
authoritml  ami  have  been  made  on  the  ttrengih 
of  Ihe  «ul»cri|i(l.m«,  it  i»  tuMiient  lo  mahe  Ihem 
obligaturyJ  Where  neveral  pmmitc  lo  con 
tribute  to  a  common  ol.jeit,  <iMire<l  by  all,  iha 
promtoa  of  each  may  h-  a  good  coniMeraiitm 
for  the  pramMa  of  oth»r»»  In  general,  iha 
iu>*cri|ilion«  on  certain  condltloni  in  favor  of 
tha  party  tahacribing  arr  Nnding  when  tha  ac« 
tllptilatcti  are  performed  ■ 

Tma.  Cnntiileraiiorie  may  ba  of  iha  pail, 
of  Iha  prevent,  or  of  the  future,  When  tl« 
coniideration  and  the  |>niml*«  foun'ted  upon  it 
are  limultaneou*.  then  the  con*ld«railon  to  of 
Iha  preaant  timej  the  whole  agreement  to  com- 
plated  at  once.  Whrn  a  conaidaration  to  to  do 
a  Ibing  hrreanrr,  it  ia  of  the  fulore,  and  to  aaid 
to  ba  cxecdtory  (  whan  tha  {iromtoa  lo  do  thia  to 
accepted,  the  latter  iiromtoa  rcata  on  a  luMcient 
foandatlsn,  and  U  obligatory."  Wban  a  c»n«id< 
arailon  to  wholly  |imm,  it  to  laid  to  ba  ciacuird. 

Generally,  a  pait  «»r  ciacutcd  contideraiion 
to  not  auActont  to  (uiiain  a  pramtoa  faundad 
apon  it,  nnlcra  thare  wu  a  requetl  fo?  tha  con- 
aidcration  previou*  io  ila  being  mada.  Without 
•ttch  pravitMi*  reaucM  a  luliaaqaeni  promtoa  haa 
no  force  Bui  thia  previotia  r««(ueat  naad  not 
alwan  be  anprem,  or  proved,  becauta  It  to  oAen 
implied.  Aa  where  one  aceapta  or  ivtaina  Iba 
banafidal  raanh  of  luch  voluntary  larvlce.  And 
wbara  ona  to  compelled  lo  do  for  another  what 
thai  olbor  abnald  do,  and  waa  rompallaUa  lo 
do  I  hara.  atoo,  tba  law  impliet,  not  .inly  a  pra- 
vloaa  raqaaM  that  tba  thing  ahould  ha  dona, 
birt  alao  a  promiaa  to  compcnaale  far  tba  doing 
of  it  5"  ito  wbara  one  to  auraty  far  another,  and 
paya  ibo  data  which  Ihe  uthar  owaa.  And 
whara  oaa  doat  volanurily  that  which  ba  to  not 

>  aoij  illr.fiy:   HMilrlnMirra.     «-w  Aa^  far. 
ij-jpi    iWaaa,  kh:    i;  Mm*.  «<»:    i  Haa,a4yi    >i 

■•|:  4pa^.fri9^  8«r»9:  .»fat.|l»;  iVem. 


OOHTtACn, 


•omfMltAM*  lo  4o,  (w  ui<wk«f  w>ia  U  cnmp*l 
Ubla  to  do  tt  I   M  if  <Ml«  wh»  M  iwi«  •ii(«<y,  ntii 
diMMid  ta  ttf  ««]r.  p«r*  •  •l«hi  >U*  fnHn  •iinthcr. 
h«  hM  n<>«  (ha  Mm*  ilmm  auil  tight  m  If  h« 
h«4    Hmh  I 'laiiwl (•!>!«  tu  p«*  ihi«  i^aU  t    h>r 
now  lk«  !•«,  if  ilMr*  h«  •  tnU4M|iMmi  |iraMi«« 
l»  rtpaf  ih«  iiKmay,  will  ;a<|««f(  ImfMjr  •  iir*«i 
««M  r«qii*«<s*    ih«  rMMNi  to,  ihAl  iha  i{«litiif 
•k«]l  IMN  ht  Mtigmi  to  acccfri  uwithM  |«rty  m 
hi*  cr«dltor  1*  itltMl  ht«  mttvmm,  (at  h«  oMy  lu«« 
tiwtlal  il«<rac«a,  or  mlMr  rMMm«  for  *.rrikiigiiif 
iha  rfartx  wUh  Uai  lu  whom  il  h  •!««,  m  TiMi 
with  MMllwr  I  kit  if  iIm  debtor  chooM  lo  proml* 
hi*  r«|Mf«MM  Im  I*  h«ld  to  Mcli  pronto*  Mid  lh« 
cofMl4OTitiaii,  lbo«c*>  •■*c«i«d,  to  mAciani. 

Taurr  amd  CoNriiiuici.  If  .w*  imrHU* 
motMiy,  goodly  or  nropMty  of  My  liind,  to 
•r.f  MtMN,  4M  Om  (Ulk  uT  that  (Mnan*  |irum 
i<M  io  iMl  la  *  tmuln  way  in  rafartitca  lo 
tuck  MMMf,  ffoeda,  or  prr*ptn«.  mcIi  paraon 
KavWi^  MMpIwi  iha  Inut  will  U  hald  to  hto 
promtaa,  bwMM  Iha  lr«at  to  iualf  a  vuAciant 
•.iMiaidtHraikm  for  ■  promiaa  to  diacharga  and 
tiecala  iIm  Irul  faithfully.*  For  If  a  parvoa 
makaa  •  mm  |r«tiilto«M  prfxnlM,  and  ihait  ««. 
i<m  ■pan  tk«  {MffonMUK*  of  il.  ha  to  hald  lo  • 
full  «Me«tlm  of  ali  ke  hsa  undertaken  .1 

Valwanu  ooMMarMiona  ara  ih«  only  ooac 
wkick  Mf«  good  •gdnat  Mli«a.|uaiit  purchat- 
•n  tad  Mtadilmi  cradltora,  and  timt  ar« 
alwajra  (nAolMit  irrtndarad  at  lk«  raquaai,  •(• 
|ir««a  or  tmplM.  of  tka  oromtoor.'  A  valuahU 
conatdaratkM  It  aMully  in  toma  wny  paruniary 
or  eonvvMibl*  into  OMMyi  and  a  vary  tliahl 
coraMwMkM,  pivHdad  It  IM  valnabl^  ami  fr«« 
from  fhnd,  will  mipiiort  a  txmlract.*  TH« 
t^vilkiM  dtrkM  it  into  fo«r  clawMM.  vit.  1  1. 
'•  I  RiM  tkM  JNM  RMf  fira,"  i,  "  I  do  lh«t 
von  iiMjr  da"  j.  "  I  do  tkol  /o«  may  givf." 
4-  "Iglvtlkatfoado."  SaaGoou;  KiNtwi 
and  tk«  vaiiotM  pwmgiaplH  on  tiM  Mib|fGl  of 
considamlion,  nkov*  a'tl  ktlr>w. 

Void  in  Pamt.  .1  <?«»<(  rvw  of  mv- 
tral  ooiMidantions,  nM  .'>  •  -^tod  m  tk« 
grojwid  of  a  praml*!  »       .  was  «nd  in 

•ufncitnl.  mk  not  .u      1  ntkon  wn 

■nod  nnd  •nOciwM.iAtn  ia«  conaidoratiaa  mmt 
ht  mmtd,  and  tkoM  vkicU  an  void  dkan- 
mrdod.  wkUo  tkoN  wMcfc  ara  valid  wiB  Nitafai 
tka  proniM.*  Bat  whara  tka  eonaidanllon  ia 
tntira  and  Incapabia  of  lavanMa.  H  hnmI  te 
wkoilygoodorwkollTbad.  DtkapnNntaaba 
antira,  and  not  In  wriuaf,  and  a  Bait  of  tt  ralata 
tosiMttarwhid^fa]rik*ttatW8oiflnHMb,*h«nld 
ka  pmaiMd  in  writing,  tnek  part  kaiiyi  vaM 
••I 

teVaC    

r-Dyar, ifa,a.t   i  wum  am, » j 


praanaa  in  wnttng.  tnak  part  baiiyi  void 


•MalAlu 


■««i<t«  lh«  whiiia  nMilra«,-t  ;■  km  If  H  ka  ««tfc  in 
lu  naiura  ikai  11  may  ha  dirldad.  and  tka  fmn 
tuM  m|Mlr«<|  to  ha  In  wriling  hy  lh«  dalata  may 
ha  andircafl  wllh<ntl  in|H»IUa  Ui  lh«  miMict, 
that  iwrtUMi  «>f  II,    •(r««manl  wilt  tw  W» 

Woan.    SB.' 
ami   ••"»•»  «i«    I   •#■»    cti 
lliMi   f  ..    »  prr«,nlab,  •'.id  all 


nding  ■ 

AND     LaBiiK        Wmli 

ritmnMm  rntwiliUri 

way«  laMclcni,  if 


r«nd«r«i|  at  tk«  ra<|«aM  «if  iha  (lart*  promtolng  • 
Thto  ><••  I  lay  nAan  b«  impliad  1  11  l<  w,^ 
(wnamlly.  fr.»«  ina  (acl  that  Iha  twrty  m«lilnK 
•^  •  immiM  act:«fi(a  and  h«»ld«  iha  h«n«(ll  rnali 

i.  imm  lh«  mmk  or  tar  vie*  •  And  it  to  *n 
•(|tially  •MiKclani  riai«ld«irati<in  for  a  pnimtoa  il 
Iha  w<»rli  or  tarvic*  b«  r«ndar«d  lo  a  third  party 
at  Iha  rw|«Ml  of  tha  f.famtmn.t 

If  tha  worli  and  tarvlca  t«ndar«d  ara  mar* ly 
gratoiioua.  and  parformad  for  tha  dafrndnni 
witkoat  hto  raqaam  or  privily,  howfvcr  mcriiti 
riow  «ir  kanafWial  Ikay  may  ba.  ih«y  afftwd  n.. 
eaua*  of  artlon.*  Ho,  if  a  wnrliman  rmpl..yf.l 
and  dlractad  lo  do  a  particular  thing  th<»a  t<> 
do  aoroa  otkar  thing,  wiihonl  Iha  itirtction  .ir 
aaaant  of  Ma  amployw,  iha  lm|>ll«<<  pn>mia«  <>( 
tka  empl'»j>ar  lo  pay  for  kto  labor  will  not  ri 
land  lo  lk«  nt#  work  j*  bat  If  iha  work  to  ac 
captad  bf  tka  tthpiuyvr,  it  would  ha  a  aufficirni 
cnnaldaralion  for  a  promiaa  to  pay  for  il,  and 
itt'-k  accantanca  miaht  imply  rack  promiaa. 

CONITRUCTtON  <>  daiar^^lnalion  ..f 
ika  maaning  and  appltcaiian  ••  lo  tha  maliar  In 
({uaation  of  Ika  proviatona  of  «  wrilian  iMiru 
mrnt— drawing  conclnalona  raapacting  tutijrcit 
thai  lla  kayood  tka  diiaat  aiprawion*  of  ihr 
ltmi.»  A  atriat  (or  literal)  conairuction  In  ona 
wkick  InnlU  tka  application  of  tka  provtolont 
of  tka  iMtramani  or  agraamant  to  casaa  clearly 
daMribad  by  tka  woi^  naed.  A  liberal  (or 
eqnitabia)  ia  ona  by  wkick  tha  letter  to  anlaigtd 

or  raatrainad  M  aa  to  mora  efKKiuaily  acoaaiiplikh 
tha  end  in  viaw. 

A  kading  princida  of  conairuction  is  to  CMty 
otit  Ika  inlaidlon  of  tka  avtkwt  nf  or  partias  tu 
|H*  Instiiaia4,nt  or  agraamant,  10  far  as  can  bt 
'  Jinn  witkoM  InlHnging  npon  any  law  of  aapcrior 
binding  feraa.  In  ragM  to  case*  wkere  ihi*  1  n 
Misclanriy  aapraised.  Ikere  to  liiila  roon  for 
,  of  ootutractlon  1  it  i>  mainly  in  caaet 
wiMn  tka  iManlion  is  indite  Inctly  .liickwed, 
tlMHa|iiliblyprasnnMd  loesiat  t«lk«  mindaof  tka 
pnrtiM,  that  aajr  Ukarty  of  conatrottion  <■<•!>. 

WhHt  a  coattnct  nMsna  i«  ■  qacalion  ui  law. 
It  h  tka  comt  tbarafonr  thai  dciamiinca  lk* 
conatmctlon  of  ike  coi.  met.'     if  ihcr«*ai« 

5^'  .Af^  ^«  •„'HV  »  L.  IBI,  •  «  1  AnMr.  MO. 
•-•«l)lLl|ll   aCf^ARX    tUiUmfC  Mf 

EA.ftl.loaf|  llM.  ]•;  t  Rol  AW  id:  pLii  Cro 

Ajnt.  #,CjC.!  a  tav  lk  r.  t.7.  J  T.  S!Vi:  • 
.Mi 


,  t.  C.;  7  KmIi'  SmT:  a  Cnah.  tn : 
n.(Ky.)iaf.    »46iah,Mi  'tW 
»L»Xlrr.t».    «>D*arji*i,B.:  illal  AWii^.*,}; 


"F.a^i  ii^nayai.  m.    »Dy«r,»H,a.i 


nssSi 


14. 
M.  fl 

<:aMa 

•«  i  a  . 
III.'  •  Wart 


cotmumt 


•  b«i  If  H  ba  MMit  In 
ll«l<4«i,  aiitt  IM  pui 
tg  bjr  IK*  •••iii(«  may 

!*•  Ui  |K«  |iffiMI*<>r. 
«iil  will  (m  Mndlng  • 
M>     I.AMIB         Wwk 

■lw*7«  •••MkUni,  )f 
ih«  |Mirt»  prnwiMng  • 

UI  lk«  tmrty  maklnn 
4iU  lh«  fwn«Al  rniili 
Hc»  •  AihI  i»  It  «n 
litun  (tf  •  MtimlM  if 
(•r«ii  lu  a  lliirti  fmtXf 
Iwir' 

rvndarcd  arc  fMrrly 
1  (or  th«    d«(tn(l*ni 
'Jty,  howpTBf  mffrii^ 
ly  ba.  ih«7  alfiifil  no 
I  wnrkmaH  nnployril 
Icutar  thing  (K<i«a  lo 
(Mtt  iha  liirtclion  or 
I  Imnlltil  prixnkw  irf 
lU  liihor  •rill  nolti 
Nil  tf  Iha  wiwii  It  ac- 
wnuid  ha  a  •uAciani 
!••  lo  pay  for  ll,  antl 
>l)r  Mich  ptnmlM. 
I*  (talanninallMi  of 
>«  M  to  iha  mallar  In 

of  «  wrillan  Imlru 
It  rttpaciing  tnUadt 
I  aiprataiona  of  th« 
)  conMriictkM  It  on* 
ON  of  iIm  provitiont 
RMfil  In  cMM  elaarly 
M«d.  A  Hbtral  (or 
Iha  Itltrr  la  anlaiirH 

mtiructton  It  io  cany 
Ihoip.  )f  or  paitiat  to 
itnt,  >o  far  aa  can  be 
M  any  law  of  wtMrior 
Bcaaaa  wbaratmnin- 
lHtra  ia  IHlU  nxMR  for 
I  1^  mainly  in  eatct 
idikitnctly  ditclaMtl, 
lialiAlkainindtorilMi 
ontlfitttion  r  -^ 
f<  a  qacaltoK  ,i  Inr. 
thai  dclvttiinta  tha 
act*      If    lhrr«>M« 

as.  a"  S  Amir.  n*. 
AT,  t  EUiig.  N.  C.  Ml ! 
ol  Aar  lo:  al.  ■;  Cro 

•  »««  iTc.W.  li.7 
f,  M«;    J  T.  %mi  * 

[y'ltii  •■•*c.m 

b.  Iio;  •Catk.  sn};  ■ 

v4  Oah.  Mi  Mid 

^Hol.  Ahr  It  pt-A»! 

MM.  M(,  ■•  •  i    1  W9t- 

rar.art,  a.:  ilUl.  Akr. 
»D)r«r,tM,  a.t|KaL 


PMiUlM  aapraaaltHM  ««,♦  m  M.  .te'ck  ha«t,  in 
l«>n<«U,  pU,^  u,  „^,^,  ,  ^^^„  »•.„„^, 

.il4<  h«l  1.1  ihMl,  II    I,    ^,  ,h^  j,.,y  to  „y  ,h_^ 

ha  m«aalim  '^  "haaa  r.|ir.«H.»„  wa«.  Irto  f,^ 
ha  ...Mri  lo  dauda  »hal  tha  MMMlng -x  iJm 
><mlr«ti  W4a4  • 

W.«.U,  If  .if  comiNon  mm,  ara  to  ha  i«|ian  In 
ihalr  nalaral,  pUln.  <i»»i.nM,  and  iir.l(««rv  twi** 
n«all.HM,  h«i  1/  i«;hiil.«l  ».>rtU  .„  *«'|^,- 
*'•  b»  ha  tahan  In  a  (nhnUal  mkm.  «oI«„  iHa 
■■•mranr  Inlanllon  ,lMrly  a|i|HPar  i.i  allli-r  caaa 

All  Inainunanu  ami  tgr*«m«nta  •««  lo  ba 
«.  .on.lr.ad  aa  to  gW«  ,1,,,  ,„  ,h«  vrlwla,  g* 
«  la/ga  a  (XKllon  Ihara.if  aa  iKMalbla. 

AMMQUirv.  Haaabuva. 

CuwuM  o.  UiAOi  An  aalabli.li.,  »»• 
'HB  MMt  add  lo  a  «^ira.  i  UliNilaii.ma  tm  tm- 
i»tnad  In  li  ,m  tha  «,mnd  ihai  partitt   »•¥ 

Mr  mlnda  aa  a  ,,.,1  .^  ,h.i,  .gr.cn,.ni.         „ 
•fcn  P««   a|x«i   papar  o,  e«|.rwa  In  wur,!.     hr 

».ry  Iha  m.anlng  „(  w.«d.  '     F.ir  ihi.  iHir.., 
•ha  cnaloni  muM  |„  .«,»,li.h«l  and  n.H  .J., 


niiiMMl 

^uaf*. 


••mal.  and  known  lo  ib«  •witla.a     Nor  IT. 

krlTT.     '•^A'''"*   '"  **  »"-*«l.  tnd   «-M.g.  t. 
lolllwn'^*'"   ,*"""™'     Whnhar.cu.. 

•h?^ir?5i^,'^  '"^  evWanca  of  wii„««« 

•cnttom  «nal  ba  bronght  homa  lo  iha^rTy 
.•"^^•••-•"^••Ibylr    Hnllfl,b..rw„' 

lf»  lk«  th«  party  h,d  knowlwljt  offtT  n., 
1.  ^IIL2f  ^  '**/'^' "'  P»^'"««J  «o  Influan.  ,^ 

wmch  ia  of  HmV  wbony  anranaonabla."    So  a 
"Mf«  •mom  jJ««erm  to  ch«is«  half  (h«  alu 


■a  Mm.  171. 


of  Ik.  arindoan  tt  lk«  |„     .  ,^,a«.|  m  fcr  «Nwk 
an<l  maivrttU  u  ■•iiraa«<  „„(  »o„|  ♦     j^^ 

TMiKoin,  kuwavar  anivanii      .r  oid. .  <  Iiaimmi 

M.M..a  1.  ha.  »v,„.ii,  p,^  „,„  ,;.^  ;;7J5 

'»WCa  Wrar    I  .     IK.  «(ilM|   Ih,        .,llt;.MMl  nt 

*»N»  an  ba  lnawf|iwmtad  i,  a  rninuL 
whlvk  ii  iM«MHlM«it  «(ik  lk»  nM  el  i&a 
«onMMl.»  Wkm  *•  ««.^  ST 
ara  plnki,  aaagw,  *»«ii  u^'  'IMvwMi 
vantiul   ba   iwrmii.    ^|   i,,  ,;|    BiS»rt«« 

cooMrnvliun  lu     *   (Jac*<       ««  MSaaVuT 
iWt,  haiow. 

ClITBIMIC  I      iinnc*. 
fiw  iMfllaa  to  oil.,  ««tdanea  «« 
Irati,  In  aid  of  Ik*  iniarprvraii'  -.. 
Rut  ••arrlllng  (.niMl   h«  cu 
away  by  tha  avidanca  »)f  wltot 
danva  lannol  ba  adnaltlad  b 
»ary  "  Iha  larm*  of  a   valid  v 
K..r  whan  part(M  al  lad  ra«li< 
to  writing,  It  la  |.H>k*d  iiuon  •> 
(Ufiiinailon  tif  ih«ir  nagmiatlun. 
«x|>rm*i<>  1  ,/  iliair  purp>i«at  an.l 
(Kit  now  imiir|i<>ra(-  (  into  lhair  w 
may  ba  con«ld«r.<i   a.  Inianlion 
A»  to^t/m  or  tha  luhftti  m*M,- 
cxIrliMic  e«id«><)f«  .    ly  and  mui. 
*n  J  uiad  to  make    hem  cartain 
for  that  purnoaa.      '  bu.,  a^  m  •  be.j 
'■>U»»n,    r.  S,,  If  I   hava  two  coimik 
lama,  avidanca  may  ba  adducad  lo  tit 
>f  Iha  two  tha  teaiaiur  init-rnkd,"  ami  «       hw 
l-arwal  or  mn  <if  tha  thing  damiwd  i.  ^U         , 
ubjactofoawlevldcnca.'     A  davlaa  ..ini 
t»n  .Smith  would  nacaaaarily  ct«ata  w«n.      ,. 
talnly-     Wh.r.  tha  languaga  of  an  Inatn^ 
-111  ha*  a  tattled  l.g.1  m.anlng.  lit  eontlTW!- 
n  It  not  opan  to  avi.lenca.     -nm,.  ,  pn>mi„ 
I.     iay  monay,  no  lima  baing  ««p,„Md,  mtant 
a      omita  to  pay  It  on  demand  j  and  avidanca 
•  W»»«ni  at  a  fuiura  day  wa.  Int^tdad.  ia 
no    .dmiaalbla.'     Bm  a  pr,«„|,a  lo  do  w^m- 
ini      oMiar  than  pay  OMMiay,  no  Uma  bains  a«- 
V^      d.  maana  •  pronia*  to  do  it  within  a 
laait    table  lima.' 

Ti  ,e  data  of  an  intlrumeni,'  or  If  thtra  b«  no 
dnte,  the  lima  when  it  wan  to  lake  effect,  whick 

9««B.  .    r  •  •  CioaiB,  \  I.  aa.  i«  Blia*  ■!»  fZ 


«MIVMt* 

'•''■•■ml 
einal  «Mi 

vliKh  ll 
onir««t 

-•■'-<.d.« 
■act. 
va<l 
«aary 

to  mj 
■<  (hat 

->hi«|| 


1 


V; 


CONTRACTS. 


■»y  be  otbcr  tban  th«  day  of  delivery,*  or  the 
•mount  of  the  coiuideration  paid,*  may  be 
varied  by  tutimoit} .  And  an  initrument  may 
be  ihown  to  be  void  and  without  legal  existence 
or  efficacy,  a*  for  want  of  contideration,*  or  fur 
fraud,*  or  duress,  or  any  incapacity  of  the  par- 
ties,* or  any  illegality  in  the  agreement.'  In 
the  same  way  extrinsic  evidence  may  show  a 
total  discharge  of  the  obligations  of  the  con- 
tract ;  or  a  new  agreement  substituted  for  the 
ibnner,  which  it  sets  aside  ,•  or  that  the  time 
when,^  or  the  place  where,'  certain  things  were 
to  be  done  had  been  changed  by  the  parties ; 
or  that  a  new  contract,  which  was  additional 
and  supplementary  to  the  original  contract,  had 
been  made  ^  or  thai  damages  nad  been  waived  ;* 
or  that  a  new  consideiBtion,  in  addition  to  the 
one  mentioned,  bad  been  given,  if  it  be  not  ad- 
verse to  that  mentioned  in  the  deed.*  And  if 
no  contideration  be  named,  one  may  be  proved.* 

A  receipt  for  money  is  peculiarly  open  to 
evidence.  It  is  only  prima  fatii  evidence 
eitber  that  the  sum  stated  has  been  paid,  ot 
that  any  sum  whatever  was  paid.*  l/  a  con- 
tract refer  to  principle*  of  science  or  art,  or  use 
the  technical  phraseology  of  some  profession  or 
occupation,  or  common  word*  in  a  technical 
sense,  or  the  words  of  a  foreign  language,  their 
exact  meaning  may  be  shown  by  the  testimony 
of  "experts,"  that  i*,  persons  ponessing  the 
peculiar  knowledge  and  skill  requisite  for  the 
mterpretation  of  the  conUact.* 

The  law  will  not  make,  nor  pemit  to  be 
made  for  parties,  a  contract  odier  than  they 
would  have  made  for  themaelve*.  If  the  con- 
tract which  the  partie*  have  made  b  incuraUv 
uncertain,  the  Mw  cannot  enfMce  it;  it  will 
only  declare  *uch  *uppo*ed  contract  no  contract 
at  all,  and  leave  the  partie*  to  the  mutual  right* 
and  obligation*  which  may  then  exist  between 
them.  But  the  law  will  not  pronounce  a  con- 
tract Incurably  uncertain,  ana,  therefore  null, 
until  it  has  cast  upon  it  all  the  li^  that  can 
be  gathered,  cither  from  a  collation  of  all  the 
word*  ined,  or  from  all  cotemponueoos  fact* 
which  extrinsic  testimony  establishe*.' 

M-tvC.  B.615.  »-iYaai«ft  CCm.  laCh.  13S:  3 
T.  R.  474 ;  •  Conn.  394:1  Orwia.  E».  |  rf  a.  (1).  •-! 
Covea,  (49:  I  Cromp.  M .  ft  R.  70$:  •<>  **•••.  4*7:  S 
"      *     *«  Cow«iit^»i9:  M  John*.  337, 


S«n.  MI  r-io ' ...  - 

3  UeV  it  G.  <»*i.i*  Bag-. 


^esTfei: 


:  IS  Pick- Saj :  «$  Conn.  rj4r*96: 
tag.  L.  ft  Eq.  Si;  11  Juii*.  itj; 


14a:  ianav.47t:  3»  >««• 

13):  tWhart.  49><  ♦A.  ft, 
617;  1  Tunt  417;  to  B.  • 
5^;  •  Boat  m:  •  am. 


,  .  ,    n^  B«it 

*  Cromp.  M. 


.oB:ft^<^^^:,l 


J.ftR. 
f  Eadt. 


Oenual  Ri;lu.  The  lubject-mattcr  of 
the  contract  is  to  be  fullv  considered.*  Thi 
ronstruction  which  would  make  the  contrail 
le|;<tl  is  preferred  to  one  that  would  have 
the  opposite  effect.'  The  presumption  is — ol 
greater  or  less  strength,  according  to  the  lan- 
guage used,  or  the  circunuiances  of  the  case- 
in favor  of  the  comprehensive  over  the  re- 
Htricted,  the  general  over  the  particular,  and 
the  ccmmon  over  the  unusual  sense.*  The 
whole  contract  should  be  considered  in  deter- 
mining the  meaning  of  any  or  all  its  part*.*  The 
contract  ahould  be  supported  rather  than  de- 
feated.* All  instruments  should  be  construed 
against  him  who  gives  or  undertakes,  or  enter* 
into  an  obligation.*  A  lease  to  one  to  hold  for 
seven,  fourteen,  or  twenty-one  yean  gave  to 
the  leciee,  and  him  alone,  the  option  at  which 
of  the  pnrioda  named  in  the  lease  ahonld  de- 
termine.* No  precise  form  of  word*  i*  neces- 
sary even  in  a  specialty."  On  the  contraiy,  it 
is  so  far  immaterial  in  what  part  of  an  instru- 
ment any  clansc  is  written,  that  it  will  be  read 
a*  of  any  place  and  with  any  context,  and,  if 
nece**ary,  tmn*po*ed  in  order  to  give  effect  to 
the  certain  neaning  and  purpoae  <h  the  parties,' 
Where  clautea  are  repugnant  and  incompatible, 
the  eariier  prevails,  if  the  inconsi*tency  be  not 
so  great  as  to  avt^d  the  inatrument  for  nncei- 
uintv.'  The  law  frvquently  suppUea  by  its 
implication*  the  want*  of  exprea*  agreement* 
between  the  partie* ;  but  it  never  overcooe*  by 
its  implicaiiona  the  expre**  provisiom  of  par- 
tie*.*  If  the*e  are  illegal,  the  law  avoid*  them. 
If  they  are  legal,  it  yield*  to  them.  Pireference 
should  be  given  to  the  written  part  of  the 
initnunents  which  are  in  part  printed  and  in 
part  written  ;*  bat  if  the  whole  contract  can  be 
conatnted  t<wether  to  that  the  written  word* 
and  those  pruited  make  an  intelligiUe  contract 
thi*  construction  ihould  be  adopted.* 

iNTiNTtON.  The  first  point  is,  to  Moettain 
what  the  partie*  themaelves  meant  and  nnder- 
«tood.  But  court*  cannot  adt^  a  conitmc- 
tion  of  any  legal  inatmment  that  ahall  do 
violence  to  the  rale*  of  langnage,  or  to  the 

Younge,  334:  1  V«*.  ft  B.  4** ;  i  Ross,  ft  M.  jji.  t- 
Wind.  031 ;  6M.  ftS.e;  3 Story,  in:  a<lf*.lii:  *9 
Id.  34« :  >o  Pick.  iM :  11  Vi.  9l3 :  I  Mat.  «•:  ilbMir 
141:  I]  East.  S4<:  S  T.  R.  «n:  ■  Show.  ii»-iss:  4 
li.  ft S.  4s6:  •Vm.  sio;  s  B.  ft  Aid. <o6:  *  Id.  tn, 
il  Pick,  iss;  I  Cow.  in:  i  Bdw.  Cn 
'     *         •'      -  3.  ft 

•4". 
ic 

VK 

Vi 


si-3  Alk.  OS:  9  Q-  B.  »««3i  Cowp.  «4J  «"•*>' 
aS5.  ▼;l  R«I^ fc:  «<»*«•  ••»:  5»''*»'  *»li  »»  Vi 
■ot;  «  M.  ft  W.  «»».  wo  B.  ft  P.  s»:  9  »•••  »S 
« — 1    ». .    ,  i|_  Bf_  ,,.   „  R^  .......a..   . 


Plewd.  iS4-i6t:  1  H.  Bf.  *<:  11  Kt.  4n  1I9;  16 
Johns.  I7«;  S  Met.  tj-«7:  10  N.  H.jps;  19  N*.  ifo; 
34  Id.  » :  36  Id.  sPt:  n  Vl.ot.  x-nowd.  140:  6  De 
O.U.i  O.  433 :  31  ««•■  L.  ft  Eq.  39J-MT.  J-iJ  * 
S0$i  Co.  Ua.  ti7.b.;  I  Jannan  on  WDt,  437,  W  My. 
•-SlMn-  Touch.  M:  Haidw.  94:  Owen.  14:  ■  TauM. 
109:  IS  Siai.  lit:  I  C.  a  tso:  Cre.  Elh.  8M:  13  M. 
ft  W-J34;  I  frny.  »47J  3  ^<*i:,9»-  'J  Am.  Jut. 
vn-l*:  •  Mod.  t8s:  '  l«v.  77;  Shf.  i-  t  Hawks, 
ao;  7J.J.  Mar»h.i9*;  sTyrw.  1013.  n  Un.  sio; 
Geodall'*  com,  s  Rep.  «t.  %-4  Em.  130-.  f  SaM. 
3tS.  c-mM.  ftV 
34  Mo.  4*7:  4  La. 


*,i9»;  sTyrw.  1013.    n        Un.  •lo; 
S  Rep.  97.    %-4  Em.  130-..    :  J  Sanf. 

a.  089 :  S  Miuiie.  si-S5 :  ti  La.  An.  139. 


I 


B  saUect-inaitcr  of 
conudered.4  Thi- 
make  the  contract 
!  that  would  htkc 
prnumptitm  it— o( 
:curding  to  the  lan- 
lancet  of  the  cue— 
entive  over  the  re- 
the  particular,  aitd 
uiiual  (enie.*  The 
coiuidercd  in  deter- 
or  all  il>  parts.!  The 
fled  rather  than  de- 
•hould  be  conttnied 
mderlaka,  or  enter* 
■e  to  one  to  hold  foi 
^-one  ytut  gave  to 
the  option  at  which 
the  lease  shotild  de- 
n  of  woitlt  b  neces- 
On  the  coBtraiy,  it 
It  part  of  an  instru- 
,  that  it  wiU  be  read 
any  context,  and,  if 
tier  to  give  effect  to 
urpoae  <»  the  parties,' 
int  and  incompatible, 
inconsistency  be  not 
nstrament  for  nncei- 
ntly  suppliet  by  its 
expresB  agreements 
;  never  overcomes  by 
w  provisions  of  p«r- 
the  law  avoids  them, 
to  them.  FVeiBrence 
written  part  of  the 
part  printed  and  in 
'hole  contract  dm  be 
tX  the  written  words 
I  intelligible  contract 
sad<q>ted.* 
point  It,  to  asocftain 
es  meant  and  nnder- 
it  adopt  a  conitmc- 
ment  that  shall  do 
language,  or  to  the 

i  I  n««.  ft  M.  391  «■ 
Wf,  :in :  uS  M*.  l|> :  *9 
ll} :  f  Mat. 9>:  timmS. 
is:  I  Show.  is»-<5S:  4 
ft  Aid.  <o«:  i  Id.  •»: 
Cow.  I** :  I  Sdv.  Ch 


CONTRACTS. 


S  Q.l  4}' 

Com.  yi4:  1  H.  ft  N. 
fa;  DaviM,  4or:  w  Vi 

is;  II  Kt.  t—  sh:  >* 
N.H.vis:  avlCrifa, 
I.     X-Plo«r4.  140;    6Dc 

lut  ea  Wlfii,  417,  H  Mf . 
94:  Owm,  S4:  «  Tauol. 
rcre.  EiU.  886:  13  M. 
Weed,  oa:  z)  Am.  Jiir. 
n;  SkTr  >  Hawlia, 
f.  1013.  It  Uh.^io; 
Em.  130-. ,  ;  3  Saaf. 
P.4«!  tjU.y.m: 
t  La.  An.  i|8. 


l».Sl-55i 


mlea  of   law.*    Words  mtut  not  bo  forced 
away  from  their  proper  signification  to  one  en- 
tirely different,  although  it  might  be  obvious 
that  the  word*  used,  cither  thruugh  ignorance 
or   inadvertence,  expressed  a  very   diffierent 
meaning  from  that  intended.    Thus,  if  a  con- 
tract spoke  of  "hones,"  it  would    not    be 
passible  for  the  court  to  rMd  this  word  "  oxen," 
although  it  might  be  made  certain  by  extrinsic 
evidence  that  it  was  so  intended.    This  is  a 
rule  which  should  he  constantly  borne  in  mind 
4n  pulling  a  construction  upon  any  legal  instru- 
ment.*   So  if  parties  used  in  a  contract  techni- 
cal words,  these  words  could  not  be  wrested 
from  their  custoouuy  and  established  meaning, 
on  the  ground  that  the  parties  used  them  in  a 
sense  which  had  never  before  been  given  to 
them.'    So,  too,  if  a  manubcturer  agrees  to 
make  and  finish  certain  goods  "as  soon  as 
possible,"  this  means  within  a  rnumaUt  time, 
due  regard  being  had  to  the  mannfacturer's 
means,  his  engagementa,  aad  the  natnie  of  the 
articles.*  ■■ 

PRUimmoNf  M9  Law.  It  ia  a  presump- 
tion <rf  law  that  parties  to  a  simple  contract  in 
tended  not  only  to  bind  themselves,  but  their 
personal  representatlvea ;  and  such  parties  mny 
sue  on  a  contract  although  not  named  therein." 
It  is  also  a  legal  presnmption,  that  everv  grant 
carries  with  it  whatever  is  essential  to  the  use 
and  enjopent  of  the  gnnt.'  Where  anything 
IS  to  be  done,  as  goods  to  be  delivered,  or  the 
like,  and  no  time  is  qiedfied  in  the  contract,  it 
is  then  a  presompdon  of  the  law  that  the  par- 
ties intended  add  agreed  that  the  thing  should 
be  done  in  a  f«>esonablc  timeJ 

CowT«A  BONA  Moun.  See  Ghisidua- 
TIOH,  above. 

CoNVKYANCts.  See  that  title.  -' 

CO-OBLIOOR  te  one  whr  is  bound  to- 
gether with  one  or  mora  others  to  fulfil  an 
agreement,  contract,  or  oUigatioii.  See  Pak- 
Tin. 

COTSNAim.     See  title  CONVKVANCBS. 
CUSTOM  u  such  a  inage  as,  by  common 
content  aad  nnifom  practice,  hat  become  the 

Ti  r,  .  P"*"'  "■  '^  "•*  Bubjectmatter  to 
which  it  relates.  Genera!  customt  are  such  as 
constitute  a  part  of  the  common  law,  and  extend 
to  tlw  whole  country.  Plurticular  customs  are 
choce  which  are  confined  to  a  particvhar  locality. 
In  general,  when  a  contract  is  made  in  rela- 
tion to  another,  about  which  there  is  an  estab- 
lished enstoro,  such  custom  is  to  be  nndentood 
as  fonning  a  part  of  the  contract,  and  may 
always  be  referred  to  for  the  pdrpose  of  show- 
ing the  intention  of  the  party  in  all  those  par- 
ticulars whidi  are  not  expressed  in  the  contract.* 

«-IMdmM  M.  Smitfi,  WjBm, 
ftW 


r^  M.  ft  W.  »«.   v-i  C.  B.  (N,  S.J  tio.    Ii-t  MTft 
MT  ji8, 4a3 :  JJiihi.  30 :  1  Cronp.  ft  J.  ^.    |..i  U- 


iiNtrii  case.  It  Rap. 
**•  174  •  JDrawfi  s 


l!**^^ 


Co.Utt. 


;  Utt.Jft.  a.;  iWaM.  Saund. 
I;  sBbt.N.Ci:  6M.ft 
I.  36a,  td  Ed.  1-3  S 


W.  i7«:  Brmnj;!  Uf.  Max.  36a,  tdEd.  J-3  SumiMr 
SSOi  1  M.  ft  W.  ^;  3  Cam.  49:  i<  At.  140;  Id 
3io:  *oM«.6t:  i<n.i«4r|riKai,fc.:  aPw.ijg 
iBiaa.  als ;  »  Wand.  349:  1  M.  ft  W. 47^.    l-.j  p(S 


But  If  the  meaning  of  the  contract  is  certain 
and  beyond  doubt,  no  evidence  of  usage  will 
be  admitted  to  vary  or  contradict  it.' 

In  ordtr  to  establish  a  custom,  it  will  be 
necessary  to  show  iu  existence  for  so  long  a 
time  that  '•  the  memory  of  man  runneth  not  to 
the  contrary,"  and  that  the  usage  has  continued 
without  anv  interruption  of  the  right ;  for,  if  it 
has  ceased  for  a  time  for  such  a  cause,  the 
revival  gives  it  a  new  beginning,  which  will  be 
what  the  law  calls  within  memory.  It  will  lie 
no  objection,  however,  that  the  exercise  of  the 
right  has  been  merely  suspended.*  It  must 
also  have  been  peaceably  acquiesced  in  and  not 
subjet.^  to  dispute;  for,  as  customs  owe  theii 
origin  to  common  consent,  their  being  imme- 
morially  disputed,  either  at  law  or  otherwise, 
shows  that  such  consent  was  wanting.*  In  adl 
dition  to  this,  customs  must  be  reasonable  and 
certnin. 

Evidence  of  usage  is  never  admissible  t& 
oppose  or  alter  a  general  princi|)le,  or  rule  «jf 
law,  so  as,  upon  a  ^ven  state  of  facts,  to  make 
the  lM;al  ri^jl'U  and  liabilities  of  parties  other 
than  they  are  by  law.*  With  respect  to  a  usage 
of  trade,  however,  it  is  sufficient  if  it  appeoit 
to  be  known,  certain,  uniform,  reasonable,  and 
not  contrary  to  law.r  But  if  not  directly 
known  to  the  parties  to  the  transaction  it  wul 
still  be  binding  upon  them  if  it  appear  to  be 
so  general  and  well  established  that  knowledge 
of  it  asay  be  presumed.*  See  Construction. 
above. 

DAMAOBS. 

Liquidated  damages  are  those  whose  amount 
ha*  been  determined  by  anticipatory  agreement 
between  the  parties. 

Where  there  is  an  agreement  between  the 
parties  for  the  doing  or  not  doing  particular 
actt,  the  parties  may,  if  they  please,  estimate 
beforehand  the  damages  to  result  from  a  breach 
of  the  agreement,  and  prescribe  in  the  agr^- 
ment  itself  the  sum  to  he  paid  by  either  by  wny 
of  damages  for  such  breach.' 

The  sum  named  in  un  agreement  as  damages 
Jo  be  paid  in  case  d'  a  breach  will,  in  general, 
be  considered  as  liquidated  damages,  or  as  a 
penalty,  according  to  tiie  intent  of  the  parties. 
The  mere  use  of  the  words  "penalty"  or 
"  liquidated  damages"  will  not  be  decisive  of 
the  question  if,  on  the  whole,  the  instrument 
discloses  a  different  intent.* 

Such  astipulation  in  agreement  will  be  consid 
ered  at  a  penalty  merely,  and  not  as  liquidated 
damages, in  the  following  cases:   Where  the 
parties  in  the  agreement  have  expressly  declared 
It,  or  described  it,  as  a  "  penalty,"  and  no  other 

■'^''.Q[;*¥.-'°'-  AstolhaeafectcfosMaiiireipect 
to agricBlMral kasa, «aa Taylor,  UndirTTen.  Iu,. 
M-i  »■  Comoi.  j«;  t  Id.  31 ;  14  Mas*  488.  3  ITb. 
ai  i  6  Id.  38j.  is-s  W«m1.  ». :  \  W*«o,  .78.  V*  T 
*•  '!''i'»  V«^-  ««!  «  Hit.  (Ma*./ 393:  «  IP|<i 


iT.TKSCT.T.'TfiK'^^yjir-'  ■ 


MO 


CX)NTRACTS. 


intent  U  dedndble  from  the  inttruinent  i*  where 
it  b  doubtfnl  on  the  language  of  the  indrament 
whether  the  ttipuUtion  wm  intended  m  a  pen- 
ally or  at  liquidated  damaursi'  wheie  the 
agreement  was  evidently  made  fur  the  attain- 
ment of  another  object  or  purpo«e,  to  which 
the  stipulation  it  wholly  collateral  ;•  whe;«  the 
agreement  impoic*  several  distinct  duties  or 
obligationt  of  different  degrees  of  importance, 
and  yet  the  same  sum  it  named  as  damages  for 
a  breach  of  either  indilTerently  ;•  where  the 
agreement  is  not  under  seal,  and  the  damages 
are  capable  of  being  certainly  known  and  esti- 
mated i*  where  the  instrument  provides  that  « 
lurger  sum  shall  be  paid,  upon  default  to  pay  a 
lutser  tum  in  the  manner  prescribed.* 

Hie  stipulation  will  be  s  ^stained  at  liaaidatcd 
damages  in  the  following  cases  t  Whece  iu. 
agreement  is  of  such  a  nature  that  the  dainages 
are  uifcertain,  and  are  not  capable  of  \*iu£  e*- 
certained  by  any  satisfactory  and  known  ruj«  ,* 
wher«,  from  the  tenor  of  the  agreement,  or  from 
the  nature  of  the  case,  it  appears  that  the  par- 
lies have  ascertained  '.he  amour*  of  damages  by 
fair  calculation  and  atyuslment.* 

DATE  incladet  the  time  \i.  e.,  day,  month, 
and  year)  and  place  when  and  ^here  an  instru- 
ment of  writing  was  made.  And  when  the 
place  is  mentioned  in  the  date,  the  law  pre- 
soiaet,  in  the  absence  of  evidence  to  the  con- 
^rzuf,  that  it  was  esecutcd  at  the  place  of  the 
date.'  Written  instreiments  generally  take  ef- 
fect from  -the  day  of  their  date,  but  the  actual 
date  of  their  execution  may  be  shown,  though 
different  from  that  which  the  instrument  bears. 
The  date  it  not  of  the  euetice  of  the  contract, 
but  is  ettential  to  the  identity  of  the  writing  by 
which  it  it  to  be  proved  ;•  and  if  a  written  date 
is  an  impotaible  one  the  time  of  delivery  Must 
bt  shown.' 

DEATH.  Contracts  are,  in  general,  not 
affected  by  the  death  of  either  party.  The  ex- 
ecutors or  administrators  of  the  decedent  are 
required  to  fulfil  all  his  engagomentt,  and  miv 
enforce  alt  those  in  hit  favor.  But  to  tbi«  rule 
tkefto  are  the  following  exceptiont:  The  con- 
tract of  marriage ;  the  contract  of  partnership ; 
those  contracts  which  are  altogether  personal. 
as,  whwe  the  deceased  had  agreed  to  accompany 
the  other  party  to  the  contract  on  a  journey,  or 
to  serve  another,  or  »o  intuuct  an  apprentice.^ 
In  all  those  cases  where  oi<e  is  acting  (or  an- 


«-■  B. »  P.  340, 


I  H.  N. 

;an.  106;  aAI«.< 


S.)4»| 


16  in. 
,-  MB  _      . 
sBh«6.(fr.C:.)aoB;  7Scou.j«4:  sSsadf.^91;  butsec 
•■  ra.M»:9N.Y.  M 


Si  rWlMst.  14:  « i ..  .  ,- 
•t.(ll«st.)tfii  I  Ph*.  4J1  i  4M.  «»»:  JJA» 
»i:  ir  Bsrb.  »*>:  JM  V».  97.  w-i  Cj  fc  P.  «4 
unph.  tl6;  iSandf.  los:  m^}-  W:  «*PifIi. 


'&s' 
«4o;  6 

«4' 

,t.    si-t  Bani.it  AM. 

M.ftTSl.41:  4l>sa.iso:  5 

V-}SaMit»a,64o;  1611.400;  MArk.  319. 

ji;  lAlc.  jkN.  ir.  als:  •  Barr.iMs;   10 


7joiUM.7ti  T< 
•a4i,6Bium.  «C.  ti6 

Cow.  144.    v-jSaadt -,-.-,-,  ,  -  .    . 

SV-«T.lt.  ji;  iAk.»H.1».ji»;^t  •«?.•»•«: 
V«s.  Ch.  4*9:  3  M.  ft  W.  33}:  sC.  ft  P.  *¥>:  »«• 
ts3:  TOnrfm:  4WmMl.«il:  sSuktf''^*:  "'^ 
I3r,  3I6:  It  t3.  3)Si  14  Aik.  31$,     -^  •  -^ 


us;  tt&iib. 

137,  jw> ;  IS  t».  jj»  i  ••*»••«.  a.j,  t  Ohio  St.  lie.    H-» 

TCMin.lo':  nS.  M.SJ4;  6ft»dtrso«:  tsWwd. 
907 :  IT  Id.  447 ;  ■«  Id.  SOI :  sS  Id.  tjo;  10 Mass.  49» : 


other,  and  by  his  authority,  such  at  agencies 
and  powers  of  attorney,  where  the  agency  ur 
power  is  not  coupled  with  sn  interest,  the  <leath 
of  the  party  mrxes  an  immediate  revocation. 
Whenever  any  express  or  implied  authurity  i> 
being  exercised  by  another,  the  death  of  the 
party  giving  it  is  a  revocation.* 

Persons  who  have  been  unce  shown  to  hsvi 
been  in  life  are  presumed  thus  to  continue  until 
the  contrary  is  shown ;  so  that  it  lies  on  tlie 
party  asseiting  the  death  to  make  proof  of  it." 
But  proof  of  a  lon^-continued  absence,  unheaid 
from  and  unexolamed,  ^ill  lay  a  foundation  foil 
presumption  oi^death.  The  general  rule  is,  that' 
the  presumption  of  the  duration  of  life  ceases 
at  the  expiration  of  seven  yean  from  the  time 
when  be  was  last  known  to  be  living.*  Such 
continued  absence  for  seven  years  from  the  par- 
!  ticular  State  of  his  residence,  without  showing 
'  on  absence  from  tlie  United  States,  is  sufficient.' 
DBBT8  may  be  evidenced  by  the  variou» 
forms  of  contracts,  M  conditional  conveyances, 
judgments,  mortgages,  simple  agreements, »:  4:., 
etc.  The  dittinguitbing  and  neceasary  feature 
is  that  a  fixed  and  specific  quantity  is  owing, 
and  no  future  valtuiion  is  required  to  settle  \i.* 
DEFAULT  te  the  non-performance  of  a 
duty,  whether  arising  under  a  contract  or  other- 
wise.* By  the  statute  of  frauds  "no  action 
shall  be  brought  to  chaise  the  defendant  upon 
any  special  promise  to  answer  for  the  debt,  de- 
fault, or  miscarriag*  of  another  person,  unless 
the  tenement,"  etc.,  **  shall  be  in  writing,"  etc. 
See  Utie  Whkod,  and  Fluuo,  below. 

DELIBERATION  (the  anderstawling  by 
which  the  party  examines  whether  a  thing  pro- 
posed ought  to  be  done  o»  not,  or  wheuer  it 
ought  toM  done  in  one  manner  or  another) 
relates  to  the  end  proposed;  to  the  means  of 
accomplithingthatendt  or  to  both.  Ilisapre- 
sumptfon  of  law  that  all  acts  committed  are  done 
with  dne  deliberation-- Uiat  the  paitt  intended 
to  do  precisely  what  he  has  done.  Bnt  he  may 
show  the  contrary.  In  contractt,fer  example, 
he  may  show  that  he  has  been  taken  by  surprise. 
DELIVEEY  it  frequently  symbolical,  as 
by  delivery  of  a  key  to  a  room  containing  fp>od»,* 
maricim  timber  on  a  wharf,  or  oooda  in  a  ware- 
house, or  by  separating  and  ifetghing  or  meas- 
uring tbem^  or  otherwise  eonstnictivdy  deliv- 
ering, OS  f^  Um  delivery  of  a  part  for  the  whole.* 

Plowd.  ». ».   »•  OmmO.  Ev.  H  u,  13.  <iJQ,  a.;  I  Mass. 
ISO ;  4  Cosh.  403 ;   i  Johns.  Cas.  01 :   3  Wmd.  a33 ;  31 

6il.B.  mihtff-  Tooehst.  7s:  On^^Ug.M.n^ 
h.Poih.  Ob. «.  » :  Aft.  3 JI s.  Si  Boe.  Kbt.S»*atbni 
P.;  t  Bora.  Bed.  !«•■!  Him.Psrt.  »S7i  •  *"*••.?•; 
a  6.  ft  Ad^jsg.  «-3o  Vi.  ti.  *.•  |mi.  3<»:  •  Rolte. 
l«i.  •^iPfiBipsE".Co*wiftH.Ed.i9»i«Cow.ft 
M.  HOWS.  Of  i  J  Ofwd.  Ev.  1 41 !  S  JW«s.  Ch.  »«3 :  5 
B.  ft  Aki.  M.  r-w  Pick.  5»:  t  Rawk,  371 :  1  A.  K. 
Mush,  sja:  t  Pmi^.  167!  s  %y.  4*.  «-3« 
Conm.  im:  •  Hffl NTV.  tn.  k-s  B.  ft  AU.  jjS.  I- 
a  Atk.  7»  i  S  J«k«»  SSSi  «  VsoSja,  3*2  :^  Vss.  Sr.  44|: 


1  E«s»."  ?9oI  Me  abo  7  tam.  s«i :  3  B.  ft  AM. 

ftP.»33:  3B.ftC4S.  jt?T»«P-  '';l'»^'i"*»i.» 
Bsrfc  Iti :  10  Id.  4i« :  itXtish.  ••§ ;  39  Me.  4|ai  t  H. 
Bl.  304;  3B.ftP.«9i*setfEast.tf6t.  Aslo«%;lcnn. 
tUtirtcs d«Uv«ysM4Maw. <6i :  •  Id. a»7;  le M.  jst. 
Hjokat.  167;  istd.i4». 


©■  ! 


LJW.I  i^iiis  tMlfcliM  MJWtWHiW 


J,  tuch  u  agencie* 
irhere  the  agency  ur 
•n  intercsi,tne  death 
nmediate  revocation. 

implied  authority  i-> 
ir,  UM  death  of  the 
ion.* 

once  thown  to  havi 
Ihut  to  continue  until 
>  that  it  lie*  on  tite 

0  make  proof  of  it.'* 
led  abacnce,  unheaid 

1  lay  a  foundation  fori 
le  general  rule  it,  that' 
iuration  of  life  ccascit 

yean  from  the  time 
to  be  living.*  Such 
rn  yean  from  the  par- 
ice,  without  thowinc 
d  State*,  is  aufiScieiii.' 
Buccd  by  the  variouik 
ditional  conveyances, 
>ple  agreement*,  tt^., 
tad  necMHury  feature 
ie  quantity  i*  owing, 
requind  to  cetUe  it.* 
lon-perfomiance  of  a 
tr  a  contract  or  other- 
f  fraud*  "no  action 
I  the  defendant  upon 
iwcr  for  the  debt,  de- 
nother  peraon,  unlc** 
lit  Im  in  writing,"  etc. 
MD,  below, 
tbe  nnderstaading  by 
whether  ■  thing  pro- 
or  not,  or  whether  it 

manner  or  aaolher) 
«d ;  to  the  neaM  of 
Y  to  both.  Ithapre- 
t(  committed  ore  oone 
at  the  party  intended 
la  done.  But  he  may 
Dntract*,lor  example, 
cen  taken  by  niproe. 
uently  lymboUcal,  a« 
om  containing  good*,' 
rf,  or  goods  in  ii  ware- 
nd  Weighing  or  inea*- 

eoMtmctivdy  deliv- 
rapaitfi9rthewhole> 

8u,i3.4«.B.;  I  Maw. 
.01:  3W«nd.  *jj!3i 
l(:*Oranl.  Cnii**  D%. 
f,  CnOm  Die-  &•>  «■• 
,«:  Bac.  Abr.  #iMa(«H 
i.r»rt.  »57:  •  ltawli,ei; 
dl-4  Kmi.  itii ;  ■  KoU*. 
ftH.  Ed.  i9iri*C»w.lc 

I  tttawi«,3ni   I  A.  K. 

ii4B.aiAU.stS.   ^ 

ih.alk:  39  Ma. 40:  >H. 
iat.Mi.  ActoiAal  cnn- 
(ii«Id.a»y;  i«M.  ji«^ 


CXJNTRACTS. 


at  I 


iMtverr  i*  not  necetaary  to  complete  a  ule  uf 
jiersonai  property,  a*  between  the  teller  and 
Imyei  i'  but  ..-  agaiiMt  third  parties  posseiwion 
retained  by  tiae  aellcr  raises  a  prciumptiun  of 
fraud,  which  presumption  it  by  Some  authorities 
regarded  as  conclusive  ;■  by  others  merely  as 
ttrong  evidence  of  fraud  to  be  left  to  the  jury." 
The  rules  reauiring  actual  f<ill  delivery  are  sub- 
ject to  modification  in  case  of  bulky  articlet.* 
A  condition  requiring  delivery  may  be  annexed 
at  a  part  of  any  contract  of  transfer.*  In  the 
ilmence  of  contract  the  amount  of  trantporta- 
lion  to  be  perforued  by  the  seller  to  constitute 
<lelivery  is  determined  by  genenU  usage.    See 

I'KRPOXMANCB;   SALES,  below. 

DBMANO.  In  causes  of  action  arising 
upon  contract  it  is  frequently  necessarv  to  secure 
lu  the  porty  all  his  righu  and  to  enable  him  to 
bring  an  action,  that  he  should  make  a  demand 
upon  the  party  bound  to  perform  the  contract 
ordischaigetheoblimtion.  Thus,  where  prop- 
elrty  is  sold  to  be  paid  for  on  delivery,  a  demand 
must  be  made  and  proved  on  trial  before  Imng- 
inc  an  action  for  non-deliverv,«  but  not  if  the 
teHer  has  incapacitated  himself  firom  delivering 
them.'  And  this  rule  and  exception  apply  to 
contract*  for  money.* 

DBPBNDBNT  contracU  are  those  by 
which  it  i»  not  the  duty  of  the  contractor  to  per- 
form until  aoafie  obligation  contained  in  the  same 
agreement  hasbeenjperformed  by  the  other  party.* 

Deposit.    See  Bailmrnts. 

OBSCRIPTION  is  thr.t  which  is  said  or 
written  to  designate  a  penon  or  thing,  or 
demonitrate  condition,  mode,  oUcct,  su^ect- 
matter,  or  whatever  forms  a  put  of,  or  is  essen- 
tial to,  the  contract.  Several  descriptions  may 
be  employed  to  denote  the  same  penon  or 
object ;  and  the  rule  of  law  in  such  cases  is, 
that  if  one  of  the  dcsoriptions  be  crroneoiu  it 
mav  be  rejected,  if,  after  it  is  expunged,  eno'igh 
will  r«aain  to  identify  the  person  or  thing  in- 
tended. That  is,  if  there  be  an  adequate  de- 
scription with  convenient  certainty  of  what  was 
contemplated,  a  subsequent  erronenns  addition 
will  not  vitiate  it.  On  the  other  hand^  if  the 
matter  stand  in  doubt  upon  the  words,  whether 
they  import  a  false  reference  or  description,  or 
whether  they  tfn  word*  of  restraint  tiut  limit 
the  generally  of  :he  former  words — the  law 
will  never  intend  error  or  falsehood. 

DBVIATION.  When  a  contract  is  to 
build  a  honte  according  to  the  original  plan, 
and  a  deviation  takes  place,  the  contract  must 
he  traced  as  far  as  possible,  and  the  additions. 


S?:.*a.: 


09:  illls 


Rand.  *ii ;  1  Rail. 
Manti,  6«3;  4  N. 
1*7;  $  La.  An.  1: 
.  ~,  II  mil 
■*S  T.  K.  4aB  • 
S>:"i  "n^  (N.  cT't49.  r-io  Eart. 
}M;  I  B.  *  AM.  7i«!  a  Bibbi  ate;  1  Vt.  as:  4 
mmmt  «  id.  •■:  •«  id74Ni  S  Wand.  ««;  » 
Jeha*.  )m:  *M*.  )ot:  sMoaf.i.    n-aDowLAIl.  33; 


I  'raias,4ts.   v-s  S.  Ik  R">e;   <■  Maaii.'  ««>:  itf  Mai 

4»._    p.^a^1.    Jt\'^:J?"X^i    3M.»W.JIS4: 


if  aity  have  been  made,  mutt  be  paid  for  ac- 
cording tu  the  u»ual  rale  of  charging.* 

OI8APFIRMANCB,  ur  a  declaration  of 
diHagrermeiK  to  conform  lu  liib  terms  of  a  void- 
able contract  already  entered  into,  may  be  madi. 
by  an  infant  declaring  that  he  will  not  abide  by  his 
contract  with  another,  and  in  many  ether  cases. 
Disaffirmance  is  express  or  implied— express 
when  the  declaration  is  made  in  express  terms 
that  the  party  will  not  abide  by  the  contract;, 
implied  when  a  porty  dues  an  act  which  plainlyl 
nianiretts  his  determination  not  to  abide  by  it^, 
as  when  an  infant  made  a  deed  of  his  land,  ani^ 
on  coming  of  age  he  made  a  deed  of  the  same 
land  to  another." 

Discx)UNT.    See  Interest;  MoNBY. 

DI8SBNT.  The  law  presumes  everv  per- 
son to  whom  a  conveyance  has  been  made  has 
given  hit  assent  to  it,  because  it  is  supposed  to 
be  for  his  benefit.  To  rebut  this  presumption  his 
dissent  must  be  expreswd.*  See  Assent,  above. 

D1S.SOLUTION.    See  Partneiuhip. 

DivisiHiLiTY.  See  Apportionment,  above; 
Entirety,  below. 

BARNB8T  is  the  paym  of  a  part  of  the 
price  of  goods  sold,  or  the  .'  xry  ol  a  part  of 
such  goods,  for  the  purpor  oinding  the  con- 
tract. The  effect  oi^earm./-  'o  bind  the  goods 
sold ;  and  upon  being  pt'  ,br  without  default 
the  buyer  is  entitled  to  .oeai.  But,  notwith- 
ttmding  the  earnest,  the  money  must  be  paid 
on  taking  awaj  ^he  goods,  because  no  other 
time  for  payment  is  appointed.  EamMt  only 
binds  the  bargain,  and  give*  the  buyer  a  right 
to  demand,  but  a  demand  without  the  payment 
of  the  money  is  void.  After  earnest  given  the 
vendor  cannot  sell  the  goods  to  another  without 
a  de&nll  by  the  purchaser ;  and  therefore  if  the 
latter  does  not  come  and  pay,  and  take  the 
goods,  the  vendor  ought  to  go  and  request 
him,  and  t^ea  if  he  does  not  come,  pay  for  the 
goods  anct  take  them  awav  in  convenient  time, 
the  agreement  is  dissolved,  and  he  is  at  liberty 
to  sell  them  to  any  other  person." 

BNTIRBTY.  If  the  pftrt  of  the  contract 
to  be  performed  by  one  party  consists  of  several 
distinct  and  separate  items,  and  the  price  to  be 
paid  by  the  other  is  apportioned  to  each  item 
to  be  performed,  or  b  Ml  to  b?  imi^ied  by  law ; 
such  a  contract  is  generally  severable.'  The 
same  rule  holds  where  tht  price  to  be  paid  is 
clearly  and  distinctly  apportionM  to  the  differ- 
ent parts  of  what  is  to  be  performed,  although 
the  latter  is  in  its  natuie  single  and  entire.^ 

1  Cbiny  Pr.  37,  n.  •..4 A  ■>.  «.  t-Hammoad  I^arm 
»7i ,»».  3»,  »09. .  .■-3  B.  ft  Aid.  47:  *«•  I  Y«s.  Ch.  <o; 
10  Id.  >a6:  13  Id.  T|,St;  I4  Id.  413:  6JohBB.  Ch.  ^; 
3  Cisnch,  170 :  3  Id.  aCs ;  9  Pick.  191 ;  Chttty  Coalr. 
iM.  r-«  Dcv.  ft  B.  3*0 :  roTct.  st ;  13  Mats.  371, 375. 
W-4  Mat.  C.  C.  ■i>«:Ti  Whaat.  78 ;  i^lna.  ui;  til 
174 :  •  W.  33«  i  «»  Mata.  «« ;  17  Id.  ssa ;  sjohnt.  Ch. 
t6t :  4  Io<  >3>>  SS9-  ■■<  Salk  113 :  a  Bl.  Coaua.  44/', 
>  Kant  pMun.  3I9;  AylUh  Paiid.4SP;  3  Camp.  4i«. 

{.3  B.  ft  P.i«t:  3  Bliic.as:  n  wheat.  nJ-^i'i  «B. 
AM.  (St  J  14  Wmd.  ««7 ;  4  Baib.  36, 47 :  19  Id.  313 1 
S  Poster,  aaa :  as  Pana.  St.  ao3.  ■-«  B.  ft  Aid.  au ;  4 
A.  ft  K  4X  ali.  ft  W.  toi?  to  Mm.  tat;  iTRm* 
3S:  sl^ftB.nii:  s4B.L.ft'k.i7«:  SEUisftB 
3SS:  34M«.to7i  t  Paiaaas Mar.  L.  43, a.  I. 


MS 


CONTRACTS. 


But  the  -jicre  fact  that  the  xubject  of  the  con- 
tract U  will  liy  weight  or  nieanure,  nnd  Ihe 
value  it  Mcertained  by  the  price  afiixea  to  each 
pound,  or  yard,  or  buthel,  of  the  quantity  con- 
tracted for,  will  not  be  sufficient  to  render  the 
contract  severable.*  And  if  the  consideration 
to  be  paid  is  single  and  entire,  the  contract  is 
entire,  although  the  subject  of  the  contract  may 
consist  of  several  distinct  and  wholly  iiide- 
pcndent  items> 

EQUALITY.  The  law  prosumea  that  con- 
tracting parlies  act  upon  a  perfect  equality. 
When,  therefore,  one  party  uses  any  fraud  or 
deceit  to  destroy  thlo  equality,  the  party  ag- 
grieved may  avoid  the  contract.  In  case  of  a 
conveyance  or  grant  to  two  or  more  persons 
jointly  without  designating  what  each  taken, 
they  are  presumed  to  uke  in  equal  proportions.* 

BQUIVALBNT.  Sometime*  a  condition 
must-b^  literally  accomplished  in  the  particular 
form  specified ;  and  some  may  be  fulfilled  by 
an  equivalent.  When  auch  appear*  to  be  the 
intention  of  the  partie*,  a*,  if  A.  promises  to 
pay  B.  one  hundred  dollar*,  and  thereupon  A. 
dies,  A.'s  executor*  mw  fulfil  A.'s  engagement ; 
for  it  is  equivalent  to  B.  whether  the  money  l>e 
paid  by  A.  or  his  executors.* 

EQUIVOCAL.  It  is  a  general  rule  in  the 
coDstruction  of  contract*  that  when  an  expres- 
sion may  be  taken  io  two  seme*,  that  sense  shall 
be  prefer.ed  which  give*  it  effect.  See  Con- 
struction; above. 

ERASUflB  or^literatioa  in  an  instrument 
of  writing  rendb::*  it  void  or  not  under  the  »ame 
circumstances  as  interlineation.*  See  Altua- 
TION, above;  lNTa«UNEATIOK,  below. 

EXCEPTIONS  are  uich  dauia  as  ex- 
clude something  froni  the  effect  or  operation  of 
the  contract  which  will  otherwise  be  included. 
They  differ  from  reservation*,  exception*  being 
slway*  a  part  of  the  thing*  gnnted,  while  the  lat- 
ter is  of  things  not  yet  exUUng  bat  which  are 
newlycreated  or  reserved.    See  Co»V«VANCE8. 

FORMALITY.  No  precise  ibm  of  words 
i*  necessary  even  in  aspecialty.*  On  the  contrary, 
it  is  so  far  immaterial  in  what  put  of  u  instni- 
ment  any  clanse  is  written,  that  it  will  be  read 
as  of  any  place  and  with  ^aiqr  context,  and,  it 
necessary,  transposed  in  order  to  |^ve  dfect  to 
the  ceruin  meaning  and  purpose  of  the  peitics.* 

FRAUD  avoids  every  contract,  and  annvls 
every  iianutctioa  into  which  it  enters^  T}ie 
fraud  must  be  material  to  the  contract  or  tnu- 
sartion  which  is  to  be  avoided  beoMse  of  it; 
for  if  it  relate  to  another  matter,  or  to  this  only 


rttt.'  ioT^S  Bln«h.;iSj:  i  t  *>.  BJ 


Abr.  4»:  "««•  ■OTJ  5  BL_,...  „, 
Weii4.  m;  "  Cww-  53! !  S  ■*<»* 
W.  s6:  ♦'id. •10.    r-s  Dow.  t«:  » 

ti.  jMScottN.R.; j|M««.«C.m6 
1-4  ll.  It  W.  It  J  t  s  Q  B-.  *57 ;  »«  w« 

]-ir 

HiU 
S37' 


4 'CraiM  IM«.a|6l^i3  WiL 
La."  *"•  * 

I*,  mi  s  a 

;  t  Man.  S  V-jH*!  »spWl»,  sm. 
,C  B.  «of :  t6  Ens.  &.  ft  fS-**t 


in  a  trivial  and  unimportant  way,  it  affords  n* 
ground  for  the  action  of  the  court.'    It  must, 
therefore,  relate  distinctly  and  directly  to  this 
contract ;  and  it  must  affect  iu  very  essence 
and    subsunce.s    The  fraud    must  work  an 
actual  injury  ;^  for  if  no  damage  be  caused  by 
the  fraud,   no  action    lies.'     If   a  purchaser 
makes  false  representations  of  his  ability  tu  pay, 
his  property,  or  credit,  the  sale  is  void,  and  no 
title  passes  between  the  parties  to  the  contract  J 
It  must  appear  that  the  injured  party  not  only 
did  in  fact  rely  upon  the  fraudulent  sUtement,* 
but  had  a  right  to  rely  upon  it  in  the  full  belief 
of  its  truth ;  for  otherwise  it  was  his  own  fsuli 
or  folly,  and  he  cannot  ask  the  law  to  relieve 
him  from  the  consequences.'    Concealment  is 
not  in  law  so  great  an  offence  as  misreprescnu- 
tion.    Conceiument,  to  be  actionable,  must  of 
course  be  of  *uch  &ct*  a*  the  prrty  is  bound  to 
communicate."  A  false  representation,  in  order 
to  have  the  full  effect  of  fraud,  must  relate  to  a 
sufasUntial  matter  of  fact,  and  not  merely  to  a 
matter  whidi  resU  in  o^nion,  or  estimate,  or 
judgment.*    Where  a  party  rescinds  a  contract 
on  the  ground  of  fraud,  he  must  do  so  at  once 
on  discovering  the  fraud.*    If  both  parties  act 
fraudulently,  neither  can  Uke  advantage  of  the 
fraud  of  the  other,  for  the  Uw  will  not  inter- 
fere between  them ;  and  this  is  so,  if  both  par- 
ties are  acting  fraudulently,  although  the  begin- 
ning, and  the  greater  fraud,  may  be  on  one 
side  or  the  other.'    And  if  one  acts  firaudu- 
lently,  he  cannot  set  his  own  fraud  aside  for 
his  own  benefil;   for  no  man  can  be  per- 
mitted  to   found   any  righu  upon  Ms  own 
wrong.*    Therefore  if  one  gives  a  fraudulent 
bill  <3^  sale  of  property  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
frauding his  creditors.  A*  cannot  set  that  bill 
aside  and  annul  that  sale,  althoogh  those  who 
are  injured  by  it  may.' 

Material  misreproentations  which  go  to  the 
substance  of  a  oontract,  avdd  it,  whether 
they  are  caused  by  mistake,  and  occur  wholly 
wiuout  fault,  or  are  dedgned  and  fimnd- 
ulent.* 

OAMINO  when  considered  in  itself,  with- 
out ngud  to  the  end  propoicd  fagr  the  paities 
interested,  is  not  conthuy  to  natural  ^equity; 
the  contmct  is  comddered.a  redprocal gift  which 
the  pwties  make  under  certain  conditions. 
Some  games  depend  npoii  skill  akme,  (Ss 
billiards;  others  upon  chabce,  as  n  kttcfy ;  and 
others  of  both  skill  and  chance,  as  faadi^pm- 
mon.  In  general,  at  common  law,  nil  games 
are  lawful  unlets  some  fraud  has  been  practised. 
M.«5J.  l-ifWend.»»4j  4^0a-es.  ■i-»lag.ljift|. 

|b :  sTTB.  4fe:  »<:»*»  r-jiMjj  o«^-  STL •• 
Jdns. «, !  «  Mwnb.  jt.   si-s  |B*f-  «•  t  Sj|*«' 

5Mi«iritC.<n.   •-sM.fcW.tjjis 

•.  ftC.  ut  ;s  Mast.  iiiiM  Ma.  »lt: •  1 


** 


:  tOwSt 

I  lroadh.*M.9oitId.*4f:sS)aqr.fDS««B.Min. 
I  «.S*sC«»MnMCmo«:  gimmanmi  UM  MMai 
t  *,sbe««. 


int  way,  it  afibftlf  na 
'  the  court.'    It  mmt, 
I  and  directly  to  thii 
ifect  it*  very  eucnce 
raud    must  work  an 
damage  be  cauMd  by 
et.i    If    a   purchaser 
H  of  his  ability  tu  pay, 
e  sale  is  void,  and  im 
•rties  to  the  contract  .J 
Injured  p«i1y  not  only 
fraudulent  statement,* 
on  it  in  the  full  belief 
e  it  was  bis  own  fault 
uk  the  Uw  to  relieve 
cfs.i    Concealment  h 
ence  as  miarepiescnta- 
M  actionable,  must  of 
I  the  prfty  is  bound  to 
Bpresentation,  in  order 
fraud,  must  relate  to  a 
t,  and  not  merely  to  a 
pinion,  or  estimate,  or 
itty  itsdnds  a  contract 
he  must  do  so  at  once 
*    If  both  parties  act 
take  ail  vantage  of  the 
Jte  law  will  not  inter- 
this  is  so,  if  both  pwr- 
ly,  although  the  bc^n- 
raud,  may  b«  on  one 
td  if  one  acu  firaudu- 
s  own  frsLud  aside  for 
10  man   can  be  per- 
righu  upon  his  own 
ne  gives  a  fraudulent 
for  the  purpose  of  de- 
it  cannot  set  that  bill 
e,  although  ihoM  who 

stions  which  go  to  the 
ct,  avdd  it,  wbather 
ikie,  and  occur  wholly 
dedgned  and  fraud- 

oidercd  In  itadf,  with- 
Mtqwaed  fajr  tha  parties 
117  to  nannl.«)nity; 
\*  redpcocnl  gU^  which 
er  (i^rtiJB  conditions, 
npoii  skill  akMM,  ,as 
iMice,aaBlottcty;and 
I  chance,  at  bacl^pun- 
mmon  law,  idl  games 
and  has  foeun  pnctiscd. 

iikM.  ■s.jKsi.L^ni. 
1  tYsaiH  jsr:  sFswi.Si. 

Hi  tSta*eas.lBi  <$•<>«. 
[.akW.«3:a4jr«a47^ 

Ml.s«;tfUbCn:afl 

Mi  il]flto.s 

»  Smm.  jil»i 


BS«.Mt;an«» 


CONTRACTS. 


•»s 


ut  such  games  are  contrary  to  public  policy. 
Each  of  the  partien  to  the  contract  must  have 
s  right  to  the  thing  plaved  for.  He  must  have 
given  his  free  and  full  consent,  and  not  have 
been  entrapped  by  fraud.  Then  must  be 
equality  in  the  play,  and  the  |^y  must  be  con- 
ducted fairly.  But  even  whan  all  theae  rules 
h.ive  been  observed,  the  courts  will  not  counte- 
nance gaming  bv  giving  too  easy  a  remedy  for 
the  recovery  of  money  won  at  play.'  Wlien 
fraud  has  been  practised,  as  in  otner  cases,  the 
contract  is  void.  In  many  of  the  Statea  gaming 
h  probitiilad  under  ptnrlty,  and  no  recovery 
of  money  lost  or  won  at  gaming  can  be  had. 
G00I>-WILL,  GOOM  AND  CHATnU,  WaMI 

AND  Mbrchandub.    Sea  Salis. 

HAZARDOUS  contracts  are  thoso  in 
which  the  performanco  of  one  of  its  oiijects 
depends  upM  an  uncertain  event.*  See  iNftJK- 
ANCi,  Maaitihb  Law. 

Hytothbcation.  Sm  BAiLinim,  Com- 
vEYAkcas,  Plioob. 

ILLBOALITY  ct  a  ooatmct  is  in  MBoral 
a  perfect  defence.  This  SMms  too  obvions  to 
need  illustration.  The  ofajactioa  that  a  contract 
is  immoral  or  illegal  as  between  i^aiittiff  ted 
defendant,  sounds  at  all  tiaua  TMr  ill  ia  the 
mouth  of  the  defendant  It  is  Mt  for  hia  nk«, 
however,  that  th«  objection  is  ever  allowed,  hut 
it  is  founded  on  gmural  principlus  of  policy, 
which  the  defendant  has  tM  odvaatttie  it,  omu- 
(rary  to  tiic  raol  Juslicu,  as  between  hun  and  die 
plaintiir,  by  acddent  Tha  prindpie  of  pul>lic 
policy  ia  this  i  No  action  eon  be  founded  luon 
or  arise  out  ot  fraud.*  No  eourt  will  lendT  its 
aid  to  a  man  who  founds  his  cause  of  action 
upon  aa  immoral  or  an  illcfal  act.  I^jjlfronsthe 
plaintiff's  own  stating,  or  otherwise,  the  cause 
of  acdon  iqipean  to  arise  frooa  aa  Illegal  or  an 
immoral  consideratiaa,  or  the  tnaMression  of  a 
positive  Uw  of  the  country,  then  the  court  says 
be  has  no  right  to  be  assiated.  It  ia  upon  diat 
ground  the  court  goe^  not  for  the  sake  of  the 
defendant,  but  beanuM  thqr  will  not  lead  their 
aid  to  such  a  plointifll  So  if  the  plafaitiff  and 
defetkdaat  were  to  chance  tides,  and  the  de- 
fendant woe  to  bring  am  action  ogainet  the 
|4aindff,  the  hater  would  then  have  toe  advan- 
tage of  it;  for  when  both  are  equally  hi  ftalt* 
the  cooditioa  of  the  defendant  Is  better  Aaa 
thatofthephdntiff:' 

iMMOkAUTV.    See  OMauDOkATRm,  above. 

lMCArAC4Ty,  iHOMintRNCV.  See  Faa- 
nu,  below. 

iNoivninuTV.  See  APHmnoimiMT,  Rm- 
Tianv,  above. 

iMWAtm.   Sec  PAkTOii.  bdow. 

iNTommf.    See  CoraratKniuN,  above. 

IMTBKPRBTATION  is  the  discovery 
and  representation  of  the  true  meaning  of  any 
signs  aaed  to  eattvevideas.7  The  ••  true  moon- 
ing" of  any  signs  tt  that  meoaiag  whidi  those 

J. 


..Mae.  Am.    ui4es  1  Beuv..  lasi.  a.  wv;  11  J. 


(> 


SlEZ^Wn^&r&TH 


If.  y- 


who  used  them  were  desirous  of  expressing.  A 
person  adopting  or  sanctioning  them  "  uses " 
them  as  well  as  their  immediate  author.  Both 
parties  to  an  agreement  equally  make  use  of 
the  signs  declaratory  of  that  agreement,  though 
one  only  is  the  originator,  and  the  other  may 
be  entirely  passive.  The  most  common  signs 
used  to  convey  ideas  are  words.  When  there 
is  a  contradiction  in  sigia  intended  to  agree, 
resort  miut  be  had  to  construction ;  that  is,  the 
drawin|{  of  conclusions  from  the  given  sigM, 
respecting  ideas  which  tliey  do  tu*  express. 
Construcuon  is  usiuUy  but  erroneously  con- 
fouiule<i  with  interpretation.  Qose  interpreta- 
tion is  adored  if  lust  reasons,  connected  with 
the  formation  and  character  of  the  text,  in- 
duce us  to  take  the  worda  in  their  narrowest 
meaning.  This  species  of  interpretation  has 
generally  been  called  literal,  but  the  terra  is 
inadmissible.*  Extensive  interpretation  (or 
liberal)  adopts  a  more  comprehensive  significa- 
tion of  the  word.  Extravagant  interpretation 
is  that  which  substitutes  a  meaning  evidently 
beyond  the  true  one;  it  is,  therefore,  not 
genuine  interpretation.  Free  or  unrestricted 
interpretation  proceeds  simply  on  the  general 
prindpks  of  interpretadon  in  good  faith,  not 
pound  by  any  specific  or  supoior  princi|de. 
Limited  or  restricted  interpretation  is  when  we 
are  influenced  by  other  princi^cs  than  are 
strictly  hermeneutic  ones.*  Predestined  inter- 
pretation takes  place  if  the  interpreter,  laboring 
under  a  itroiw  bias  of  mind,  malcea  the  text 
subservient  to  his  preconceived  views  or  desires. 
This  includes  artful  interpretation,  by  which  the 
interpreter  seeks  to  give  a  meaning  to  the  text 
other  than  the  one  he  knows  to  have  been  in- 
tended. 

There  can  be  no  sound  interpretation  without 
good  faith  and  common  sense.  The  object  of 
all  interpretation  and  construction  is  to  ascer- 
tain tUe  inteotion  of  the  authors,  even  so  far  u 
to'  control  the  literal  signification  of  the  worda } 
for  words  are  to  be  so  understood  that  the 
subject-matter  may  be- preserved  rather  than 
dcttroyed.*  Words  are,  therefore,  to  be  taken 
as  thoae  who  used  them  intended,  which  must 
be  proeamed  to  be  their  popufaur  and  ordinary 
significadon,  unleas  there  is  some  good  reason 
for  sappoaing  otherwise,  as  where  techniod 
termc  ore  used.  When  there  is  no  omt^guily 
in  the  words,  then  no  exposition  contrary  to  the 
words  is  to  be  made.*  whan  words  have  twa 
senses,  of  whidi  one  oaly  k  apceable  to  the 
Uw,  that  one  must  prevail.'  When  IhOTare  in- 
consistent with  the  evident  intention  th^  wit 
be  r^ected.*  When  words  are  inadvertently 
omitted,  and  tha  meaning  is  obvious,  the/wift 
be  snmlicd  by  inference  tram  the  context.  Im- 
^oasiue  things  cannot  be  required.  Thesub- 
ject-mattor  md  nature  of  the  context,  or  its 
objects,  causes,  eiiSecIs,  igonsequences,  or  prece- 

LMisr.  Vtf  *  Pol-  Hotsnawidw.  a-Uaber  Ham. 
M.    «-lmmi  last.  iBMpntis.    n-Bw.  Max.  Rag.  «, 

^tM.HV  BssMi  Mas.  (3d  Lead.  B4.)  1^  «• 
OBwp.  f^^^.    •*  Aik.  Ch.  js. 


!'! 


r 


*i4 


CONTRACTS. 


(ienu,  or  th*  •itnation  of  lb«  parliM,  mutt  often 
Ite  consulted  in  order  to  arrive  at  their  inten- 
tion, M  where  word*  have,  when  literally  con- 
strued, either  no  meaning  at  all  or  a  very  absurd 
one.  The  whole  of  an  instrument  must  be 
viewed  together,  and  not  each  part  taken  Hcpa- 
rately ;  and  effect  must  be  given  to  every  part, 
if  possible.  Auislance  must  !«  sought  from 
the  more  near  before  proceeding  to  the  remote. 
When  one  part  is  totally  repugnant  to  the  rest 
it  wilt  b«  stricken  out  {  but  if  it  i»  only  explan- 
atory it  will  operate  as  a  limitation.  Reference 
lo  the  Ux  hit  on  the  usage  of  a  particular  place 
or  trade  is  freauently  neceisary  in  order  lo  ex- 
plain the  meaning. 

Words  spoken  cannot  vary  the  temui  of  a 
written  agreement;  they  may  overthrow  it. 
Words  ^wken  at  the  time  of  the  making  of  a 
written  agreement  are  merged  in  the  writing.^ 
There  pxt  exceptions  to  this  rule,  at  in  a  case  of 
fraud.*  Where  there  is  a  latent  ambiguity 
which  arises  only  in  the  amilicalion  and  doe* 
not  appear  upon  the  face  of  the  instmment,  it 
may  be  supplied  by  other  proof  jl  for  an  ambi> 
guity  which  arises  out  of  a  fact  mav  be  removad 
by  proof  of  the  fact.^  The  rule  tiiat  an  agree- 
ment is  to  be  construed  most  strongly  against 
the  party  benefited  can  only  be  applied  ^ 
doubtful  cases.  The  more  the  text  partakes 
of  a  solemn  compact,  the  stricter  shoNid  be  its 
construction.  Penal  statntet  must  be  strictly 
interpreted ;  remedial  ones  liberally ;'  and  gen- 
erally, in  regard  to  statutes,  the  construction 
given  them  in  the  cotintry  where  they  were  en- 
acted will  be  adojpted  elsewhere.  The  general 
expreeaiona  used  in  a  contract  are  controlled  by 
the  special  proviiiont  therein.  lu  a^reemenU 
relating  to  real  property,  the  Ux  rn  ttim  pre- 
vails ;  in  penonal  contracti,  the  bx  loH  eon- 
traelm,  except  where  they  are  to  be  performsd 
in  anollwr  country,  and  then  the  law  of  the 
lauer  place  govema."  When  there  ar«  two 
repnguaat  daiucs  in  a  deed  which  oanaot  stand 
together,  the  fint  prevails;  with  a  will  the  re- 
verse is  the  case.  In  all  instminents  the  written 
part  controls  the  printed.  Dates  and  amounts 
written  at  length  are  proferred  before  figures. 

In  addition  to  the  abov«,  rules,  there  are 
many  presumptions  of  law  relating  ti>  agrei>- 
menu,  such  as,  that  the  partiaa  to  A  limple 
contraa  iotend  to  Und  their  powNMl  npK- 
sentatives;  that  where  several  parties  contnict 
without  words  of  severalty,  they  art  jaannncd 
to  bind  tbemtelves  jointly;  that  vnirf  grant 
carries  with  it  whatwre.*  is  necessary  to  its  en- 
joyment; when  no  time  is  mentioned  a  reason- 

k'S  Co.  ■< :  s  B.  ft  C.  6m  ;  4  Taunt.  779.  l-i  S.  It 
R. 4fti;  10 Id.  191.  J.il>di.4at:  ^ Id. 340;  38. AR. 
fco.   I|-Bae.  Mas.  !(•(•  sj:  *  m^.  147 :  ■••  >  Paw- 


WMv.  4*7!  a  KrafCMUi. 
Lo^.  Kd.{}4' :  IS  1^  Ml  • 
l-iM.  CaoHB.tt:  CW.  ftS.  s 


» 


n«i  sinK^ 


*™»"  J!h«-  (*• 


■m- 


Mass.lt:  1  Pm.  tiy;  Story  CeaC  L.  | s4a:  4  Cow. 
4io,ak.-  s  K«m  Cmmi.  M.  4S7.  (mIm;  a  Conn.  *53, 
47S :  4  Id.  s>7  i  '  Wash.  C  C  su :  sw  laflsM.  4.  ■• 
Set  Cowf  aocmwi,  abevo.  o-aSss  Biao.  337:  4S.  ft 
*-»»»:jrId.j»5ssI4|.%»  «o»»ms.  3«4sj  CrBH^. 
tie:  *  Raad.  gMw  p«  WaUa.  347-  4->  "m-  sM. 
r-i  DaBas,  ff,  a^l;  Aidia.  Cemr.  tl}.    a-Hama. 


able  lime  is  meant  i    and  other  presunpliunt 
Rrisin||  out  of  the  nature  of  the  case.* 

It  Is  the  duty  of  the  court  to  interpret  all 
written  instruments,*  written  evidence,*  and 
foreign  lawji.s  See  Alteeation;  ConsTKUc 
TION',  Ekasurk,  above. 

JOINT  CONTRACTI  are  those  in  which 
the  cuniraclors  are  jointly  bound  to  perform  the 
promise  or  obligation  therein  contained,  or  en- 
titled to  receive  the  benefit  of  such  promise  or 
obligation.  It  is  a  general  rule  that  a  joint 
contract  survives,  whatever  mav  be  the  beneii 
cial  interesu  of  the  parties  under  it.  When  a 
partner,  covenanter,  or  other  person  cniitled, 
having  a  joint  interest  in  a  contract  not  running 
with  land,  dies,  the  right  lo  sue  survives  in  the 
other  partner,  etc'  And  when  the  promise  or 
nliligaiion  is  to  perform  soasething  jointly  by 
the  promissors  or  obligors,  and  one  dies,  the 
action  must  be  brought  against  the  survivor.* 
When  all  the  parties  interasted  in  a  joint  con- 
tract die,  the  action  must  be  brought  by  the 
execttton  or  adadaistrators  of  the  last  surviving 
obligee  against  the  executors  or  administrators 
of  the  last  surviving  obligor.* 

JUDOMBNT.  The  whole  purpose  of  the 
law  being  to  settle  questions  and  terminate  diik 
pules,  it  will  not  permit  a  question  which  has 
been  seUlcd  to  be  tried  again.  But  the  party 
insisting  on  the  former  recovery  as  a  bar  to  an 
action,  must  show  that  the  rtttrd  of  the  former 
suit  includes  the  matter  alleged  to  have  been 
determined.*  CoiHequently,  where  the  dada- 
ration  in  the  first  suit  states  a  particular  oMlter 
as  the  ground  of  action,  and  iasnes  taken  by 
the  defendant,  parol  prtrnf  is  inadmissible  lo 
show  that  a  dUlerant  subject  was  litigated  upon 
the  trial.^  A  judgment  on  the  saute  matter  in 
issue  b  a  conclusive  bar.* 

Law  or.  Sae  CoNtntKnioN,  iKmntTA- 
TION,  above. 

LBOMLATION.  All  diose  whose  inter- 
ests are  to  be  aflacted  bjr  legislation,  may,  both 
morally  and  Icmlly,  ion  the  protection  or  ad- 
vancement vS  mAt  interests,  use  all  means  of 
persuasion  wUch  do  not  come  too  near  bribery 
or  conuption;  but  the  prooiise  of  any  jpcrsonal 
advantage  to  a  iMisbtor  is  open  to  obiection, 
and  therefore  void.*  Ab4  a  contract  tending 
to  cfitrupt  appointment  to  o|ke,  even  bjr  a 
private  corporatimi,  is,  lor  a  siaiilar  reason^ , 
void.' 

LBTTBR8.  Whert  a  proposition  is  made 
by  letter,  the  mailing  a  letter  containing  an 
acceptance  of  the  proposition  completes  the 
contract.* 

Paitt.  ts6:  Barb.  Pkita.    ».Addls.  CoMr.  sts.    «-3 


How^  81.  Xftijt  I  •  Cattlsea.  asf  j  4  ^W»,  w ! 
Pet*™  C.  C.  sasi  3^Na.  laoi  4  Id.  u»;  }  BastJ^Si 
iO.Orasaa,Mis30saio,«3t:4Cont.7i.  m-3 watts 
ft  8.  31s:  <5aM,j<«;  4  iTikV  |6i:  r  WaiH.  ifii 
3  Bm>.  *MJ  ««  fm-Am  I  Alkjw,  sis:  S  Halsl.  fji 
10  Barb.  4k;  16  How.  341.  jr-DavMsoa  sw.  Sminsr, 
I  Bosw.  iT  »t  B.ft  iOd.  «C :  <  H««.  < :  i  UolS! 
Cas.3(>:  7M.ftW.Hti  nlf.H.4i;4j^i|*Cb.sf: 
M  N.  Y.4U{  4  Oa.  1;  IS  CoaB.4|is  7  Daaa,  sfttf 


wndaw 


■m 


1 


IP 


other  pmttic|i4lunt 
r  the  GSM.* 
>urt  to  intcrprat  til 
ten  evidence,*  Md 

LATION;   CONITBUC 

■  are  thoM  in  which 
KMind  to  perfonn  the 
tin  contained,  or  en- 
of  tuch  promise  or 
al  rule  that  a  joint 
r  mav  b«  the  benefi- 
I  under  it.  When  a 
her  person  eniitlcd, 
contract  not  running 
>  sue  larvivea  in  the 
rhen  the  promiK  or 
onethiag  jointly  by 
I,  and  one  diet,  the 
Hainat  the  anrvivor.' 
■ted  in  a  joint  con- 
be  brottgnt  by  the 
of  the  Utt  aurviving 
xa  or  adminiitratan 

rhole  parpoM  of  the 
a  and  teraiinate  di«- 
qnestion  whkh  hai 
pin.  But  the  party 
overy  aa  a  bar  to  an 
r«rW  of  the  fomer 
kged  to  have  been 
ly,  whera  the  dada- 
I  a  paiticvlar  matter 
lad  tiBB«a  taken  by 
'  ia  inadmiaaible  to 
it  waa  lldgntad  upon 

I  the  saate  mattnr  in 

noN,  iNmniTA- 

II  thoae  wboac  intcr- 
!gialatio».  may,  both 
•  protection  or  od- 
Is,  «ae  all  mean*  of 
ma  too  ntar  bribery 
nia«  of  any  pcnonaJ 
a  open  to  objaction, 
,  a  contract  tending 
i  o^Bce,  even  by  a 

r  a  limUar  leaioni , 

prapoaition  iimade 
etter  containing  an 
itioD  com|detca  the 


Mit.  CoMT.  ••$.  ■•! 
arina,t«:I^3«S.  m- 

iCanM.71.  B-s watts 

yPh!**'  sH«Is».lyj 
DatMsoa  sw.  ScyaMMr, 
•  Hm«,i:  >ife.Us. 
H.4i;4Fs<l*Cb.ty: 

lar.  L.  M,  n. 


nPi 


CONTRACTS. 


IIS 


MAiimNAiiCR.  See  CHAMrUTV,  above. 

MANOATK.    S«C  RAIi.MBNTt. 

MAKITIMB  CONTRACTS  include, 
among  othen,  bills  uf  i^Hing,  charter  parliev, 
contract!  of  alfreighlnient,  majine  hypoiheca 
tiona,  contracts  for  maritime  service,  in  build 
ing,  repairing,  supplying,  and  navigating  shiiM 
or  veaaeli,  contr.icia  and  ouaii  contracts  lor 
averages,  contributions,  and  jettisons.*  1'he 
term  *'  inaritinie  contract "  in  its  ordinary  and 
proper  signification  does  not  strictly  apply  to 
contracta  relating  to  the  navigation  <k  our  great 
j|nland  lakes  and  rivers  (  and  yet  contracts  in 
^pect  to  their  navigation  from  State  to  State 
■re  within  the  admiralty  jurisdiction  of  the 
United  States  to  the  same  extent  as  though  they 
were  arma  of  the  sea  and  subject  to  tidal  influ- 
ences.* Such  contracts  arc,  tnerefore,  denomi- 
nated maritime  contracts. 

MBMOKANDUM  is  an  informal  written 
instrament  recording  some  agreement  or  fact, 
and  is  naoally  commenced  thus,  ''Memoran- 
dum, that  it  is  agTMd,"  etc.,  or,  •<  Be  it  remem- 
bered that,"  etc.  It  is  alao  a  noting  of  the 
chief  points  of  the  agreement  or  contract.  It 
shonld,  to  have  any  effect,  be  sigawd  by  both 
parties,  or  by  a  disinterested  penoa  who  has  a 
competent  knowledge  of  itt  character  and  the 
circnmatancea  to  which  it  refer*.  If  the  par- 
ties sign  It,  it  binds  them.  If  a  witaeaa  sign 
it,  it  is  merely  corroboralive  evidence  of  the 
matters  noted. 

MI8NOMBR.  The  iis»of  a  wrong  name 
or  a  mistake  in  a  name  ia  contracts  will  not, 
in  general,  avoid  the  contract  if  the  party  can 
be  ascertained.*  ) 

Mia.RBADINO  OR  IlIS-RBCITAL 
of  an  agreement,  contract,  or  other  written 
instrament  to  an  illiterate  or  blind  man  who  is 
a  party  to  it  amounta  to  a  fraud,  because  the 
contract  never  had  the  assent  of  both  panics.* 
MI8RBPRB8BNTATION  must  be  both 
fidsa  and  fraudulent  in  order  to  make  a  party 
mdiing  it  responsible  to  the  other  for  damages.* 
Misrepresentation  aa  to  a  materia]  part  of  the 
omsideration  will  avoid  an  mcecutorv  contract.' 
A  misrepreaenution,  to  constitute  mud,  must 
be  contrary  to  fact;  the  party  making  it  must 


Yav.w«.n  1:  P«dwCis'Vit!  tCawpSristrkanh: 
laiLh.  I  e.  10 s.  I ;  ami  mm  sN. » 8.  ife;  islEiut  63! ; 


■••]  t  Barb.  <».    K-Stery  >q-  Jur.  1 110.    I-Js 


know  it  to  be  so,i  excluding  cases  of  mere  mw 
take,*  and  including  cases  wherr  he  falsely  as- 
serts a  pcnwmal  knowledge,'  an<l  one  which 
gave  rise  to  the  contracting  of  the  other  \Mrtyj 
MISTAKE  is  some  uninlentioiial  act,  omis- 
sion, or  error  mrising  fn)m  Ignorance,  surprise, 
imposition,  or  mixplaced  conHilence."  That 
result  of  ignorance  of  law  or  fact  which  has 
misled  a  person  to  commit  that  which,  if  he  had 
nut  been  in  error,  he  would  not  have  done.' 

As  a  general  rule,  mistakes  of  law  do  not 
furnish  an  excuse  for  wnmgful  acts,  or  a  ground 
of  relief  from  the  consequences  of  acts  done  in 
consequence  of  such  a  mistake."  An  act  done 
or  a  contract  made  under  a  mistake  or  ignor- 
ance of  a  material  fact  is  voidable  and  reliev- 
able."  The  rule  applies  to  cases  where  there 
has  been  a  studied  suppression  of  facts  by  one 
side,  and  to  cases  of  mutual  ignorance  or  mis- 
lake.*  But  the  fact  miut  be  material  to  the 
contract,  1.  #„  essential  to  its  character,  and  an 
efficient  cauae  of  its  concoction.*  A  mistake 
sometimes  prevents  a  forfeiture  in  cases  of  viola- 
tion of  revenue  laws.* 

An  award  may  be  set  aside  for  a  mistake  of 
law  or  fact  by  the  arbitrators  af^wrent  on  the 
face  of  the  papers.' 

The  word  which  the  parties  intended  to  use 
in  an  instrument  may  be  substituted  for  one 
which  was  actually  used  by  a  clerical  error.* 

MOOIPICATIONS  or  chatwes  in  the 
conlhtct  may  be  provided  for  at  the  time  of 
making  the  contract  by  a  condition  which  shall 
have  that  effect;  for  example,  if  I  sell  yon  a 
thousand  bushels  of  grain  upon  condition  that 
my  crop  shall  produce  so  much,  and  it  only 
produces  eight  hundred  bushels,  the  contract  is 
modified;  it  is  for  eight  hundred  bushels,  or 
whatsoever  is  produced,  and  no  more.  A  con- 
tract may  be  modified  by  the  consent  of  both 
parties  alter  it  has  been  made.* 
Mim^ALiTV.  See  OauoATiON  or,  below. 
NAKBD  CONTRACTS  are  those  made 
without  consideration ;  for  this  reason  they  are 
void.  A  naked  contract  is  a  mere  agreement 
without  the  requisites  necessary  to  confer  upon 
it  a  legal  obligation  to  perform."    The  term 

«K.  Jur.  B.  t  Pt.  s-P-  j|l.».«  Clark  ft  T.  Ho.  L. 
9««-9T>:9M.ftW.  Mi  sHarsCh.  9i.aWlMal  ti«; 
I  Pat.  is:  9  How.  m:  j  Palga  Ch.  99,  i«:  ■  Johm. 
Jur.  ft  Mi-iaS;  SM  s  MT     "  ~ 


46« :  «  Vas.  Ch.  t7S ;  3  Cluuie  Cas.  sA"*  Barb 
HDI,  *|7i_ii  P«.  7s;  •  B.  " 


*j>:\ 


_ jio;  4  Mas.  C  C. 

414 1' S  A.'  I.  iy>.  9-tVt.  dt.  is6.  tio :  bs  Cm  ft  8. 
til  6  Bioa.  la:  11  Gralt.  4««- •  Barb.  17:  ■  Sandr. 
Ch.  »9j:  13  Paaa.  St.  371.  ^-Paia*  C.  C  199 :  OUp. 
Dtot.  O.  sm:  4  CaU,  lit,  ami  soaia  otlwr  cas«s:  1 
Mahop  Cr.  L.  I  <97:  4  Cnuwh.  347:  11  Wheal.  1 ;  11 
id.  I ;  t  Mass.  347-    v-*  B.  ft  P.  371 :  1  Dall.  487,- 1 


......  .mtm.  347.    r-»  a.  ac  i*.  471 :  1 -^,,- 

SaMd.}ti  i  sat  6  Mm.  (Moss.)  ijf;  17  How.  3441  < 
PWu  14I:  •  GaB.  C.  C.  ii :  4  N.  H.  397:  3  Vt.  «l:  « 
Id.  sat  MS  n-jh :  r  .  ft  AI4.<9i ;  3  U.  t»  ■  •  Binth. 
tbawi.ftR.9e6i  iTtaa?isai  «Id.s:         " 


390! 


344: 
>  Boinr, 


i«i  3  C. 
:  <  Irad.  Bi|.  460:  t{  Ala.  (N.  ^f 


ill 


[cLaaa.  C.  C. 


,    •«••  »  aom.  laal.  a.  m.    si-3  McLma.  C.  C. 
•  *  ftSlri'ilS"  *  **^  <■•'  I  Sawl*.  m;  1  Oa. 


;i 


MMBi 


■MWlMlliaMai 


% 


i 


Sr 


CONTRACTS. 


ud  th*  raU  which  il«ddn  upon  ib«  nullity  of 
iu  effect*  are  burrowed  frum  lite  civil  law.' 
NiUiuTiABLK    Cdntkacti.     See   BiLU  or 

EXCHANUK,  BuNpa  ANU  NuTn. 

NOTICE.  When  conirada 'Mprwa  that 
ihev  arc  to  be  doiie  "on  notice,"  either  a  gen- 
eral or  lome  tpccilied  nuiice,  luch  notice  u  in- 
dlapentablc.*  (ienerally,  where  anything  i*  to 
be  done  bv  one  party  on  the  Mrfonnance  of 
MNBC  act  by  the  other,  thia  otMr  mnat  give 
nmice  of  luch  ad.* 

OBLIGATION  OF.  The  ie|al  obliga- 
tion of  a  contract  commIs  in  the  rigm  of  either 
(larty  to  have  it  enforced  againal  the  other,  or 
I-,  recover  compenaation  for  ita  breach  by  due 
proccaa  of  law.' 

OUigatioiw  are  abaciute  when  thev  give  no 
alternative  to  the  oUigor,  bat  require*  lulfilment 
according  to  the  engagement.  Acceteory  obli- 
gaiiopa  we  dependent  on  llic  original  cr  princi- 
pal obli£«ttoiv  — aa.  If  I  icll  yoa  a  houM  and 
grounds,  th«  principal  obligaliun  on  my  part 
u  to  make  you  a  title  for  it ;  Urn  accewory  obli- 
gation is  to  deliver  you  all  the  title  paper* 
which  I  have  relating  to  it,  and  take  care  of  the 
estate  till  it  i*  delivered  to  you  and  tb«  like. 
Alternative  obligatioas  are  those  where  a  per- 
son engages  to  do  or  to  give  several  thing*  in 
•nch  a  manner  that  a  payment  or  performance 
of  one  will  acquit  him  of  all — a*  if  A.  agrees 
to  give  B.,  npon  sulRcient  co^isideration,  a 
lUNse  or  one  hondred  dollars,  it  is  an  alterna- 
tive obligation.'  It  is  necessary  that  two  or 
more  things  should  be  promised  disjunctively ; 
where  they  are  promised  conjunctively  there 
■re  M  many  oMigntions  as  there  are  thing* 
enumerated ;  but  wEere  they  are  in  the  alterna- 
tive, though  they  are  all  due,  there  is  but  one 
obligatiaB,  which  may  be  discharged  by  the 
payment  or  perfonnance  of  amr  of  Uiem.  The 
choice  of  performing  one  of^  the  obligations 
bebngi  to  the  obligor,  unlem  it  b  expressly 
agreed  that  it  shall  belong  to  the  eraditor.*  If 
one  of  the  acts  U  prevented  by  the  oMigee,  or 
the  act  of  God,  the  obligor  is  oischarMd  from 
botb-^  Civil  obligations  are  those  Raving  a 
binding  operation  in  law,  and  which  give*  lb* 
oUigee  the  right  of  enforcing  it  in  a  court  of 
justice.  They  are  auch  engagementa  as  are 
binding  on  the  obligor.*  They  are  divided  into 
expre**,  implied,  pare,  conditional,  afaaolate,  al- 
ternative, determinate,  indeterminate,  divisible, 
indivisible,  single,  penal,  joint,  and  several ;  tlmr 
are,  also,  parely  pmonal,  purely  rcai,  or  nixca. 
Conditional  oUigations  are  those  whose  «x«cn- 
tion  is  sttspended  by  a  condition  whidi  baa  not 
been  accomfdished,  «id  snfaject  to  which  it  has 
been  contracted.  Determinate  obUgationa  ara 
those  having  for  their  object  a  oumu  thing; 
as,  a  delivery  of  the  hone,  H.{  this  abiywtion 
<;an  only  be  dischaigcd  by  deUWing  the  Mcnti- 
tal  horse.    DiviaibM  oblations  ara  those  tha, 

T-Dig.  ia.US  •••  F«aM.  Bo.  jjs:  r  Km.  Comai. 
jtU :  *  T«aH.  M.  m.  ty  w-«  WiMTSanad.  fe.  a.  sl  (4) ; 

•*^.v!«i'  »?*•«"'.•  •••»  ">  J«i^*!: 

am;  •  Doiit.  r.  C.  rn;  4  Jar.  jo^t  y  M.  ft  W.  is6: 
?!■:  Alb. " CeaditiM''  (A.  d.)  pTis  S.  C.  mm.  Cro. 


though  being  a  unit,  are  aosceptlhte  of  bein|^ 
lawlully  divided  with  or  without  the  consent 
of  the  parties.  See  Apk>RTK)NMIMt,  sbove. 
Kxpteu  oliligstiont  are  those  by  which  the 
obligor  bindt  nimself  in  exuress  terms  to  per 
form  his  obligrtion.  Imperfecf  obligations  are 
those  which  arc  not  binaing  on  us  as  between 
individual  and  individual,  Uil  for  wboae  per 
formance  we  are  account  able  to  the  Almighty 
only,  such  as  chutiiy  or  gratitude)  in  thU 
tenae  an  obligation  is  a  mere  duty.'  Impiisd 
obligatioas  are  those  which  arise  mr  implication 
of  law ;  as,  if  one  send  you  daily  a  loaf  o9 
bread,  a  newspaper,  or  periodical,  or  the  litie, 
as  to  a  regular  customer  or  subscriber,  without 
any  express  auilioriiv,  and  you  make  use  of  it 
in  your  family,  lite  law  raises  an  obligation  oa 
your  part  to  pay  the  baker  or  publisher  the  value 
of  the  bread,  newspniers,  or  periodicals,  etc. 
Indeterminate  obligations  ore  tnoae  where  the 
obligor  binds  hioMelf  to  deliver  one  of  a  cer- 
tain species,  as  a  horse,  and  the  dellvenr  of  any 
horse  will  discharge  the  obligation.  Indivisi- 
ble obligationa  are  those  not  susceptible  of  di 
vision  (  as,  if  I  promise  to  pay  vou  a  hundred 
dollars,  you  cannot  asiign  ona-half  of  this  to 
another  so  as  to  give  aim  a  right  of  action 
against  me  for  his  saaie.  Joint  obltgationi  are 
those  by  which  Imu  or  more  obligors  promise 
the  obligee  to  perform  an  obligation.  When 
the  obligation  is  only  ioint,  and  the  obligors  do 
not  promise  separately  to  fulfil  their  engage 
ment,  they  must  be  all  sued,  if  living,  to  com- 
pel tiM  performance,  or,  if  they  be  dead,  the 
survivors  must  all  be  sued.  Natural  or  moral 
obligations  are  tboae  which  cannot  be  enforced 
by  action,  bat  which  is  binding  on  the  party 
who  make*  it  in  eonsclence  and  nattual  justice. 
Penal  obligations  are  those  embraced  in  •  penal 
elauM,  which  is  to  be  enforced  If  the  vrindpal 
obligatioo  is  not  performed.  See  DAMAon, 
above.  Perfiect  <MigatiiiM  ere  thoee  which 
give  a  right  to  enotber  to  reqnira  na  to  give 
another  something  or  to  do  somethiiMrt  uey 
are  either  natnrai,  moral,  or  civil.  Pcnonal 
oblintions  are  those  fay  which  the  obligor 
bina  himself  to  perform  an  act  withoot  directly 
binding  Ua  property  for  i«  pcifonuince; 
it  also  denotes  an  obligatien  in  whieb  the 
(Aligor  binds  himidf  onjv,  hot  including  hi» 
heiie  or  rqimcntativea.  Primitive  or  priadpal 
obligations  are  those  whidi  are  oontncted  with 
a  dMign  thai  tber  ahoidd  be  the  intt  fnlfilled. 
Principal  obligntlona  are  those  wUdi  are  the 
moat  Imporunt  objecta  of  the  engegeasent  of 
the  contracting  parties.  Pure  cr  aimple  obli- 
gatioRs  are  tbcie  whidi  are  not  aaqiaided  by 
any  oonditica{  either  beeaaae  ooainieted  with- 
out conditioa,  er  becwtae  contnwlcd  with  one 
which  hM  been  fnUlied.  Real  obUgatioM  are 
those  by  which  real  otatennd  not  the  perwm  it 

Jse.  41* I  *  C.  ft  P.  fso;  I  Balslr.  IS.   y.a  Kas.  lu 
■-PmC  Ob.  P..  e.  5. 1.  Alt.  fc  !^,e«.    VJT* 
14;  I  Ld.  lUva.  ajt:  4  Men.  W.  8.)  i£r.    IhSet 
Evam  PMk.  Ob.  m* :  Viasr.  Abr.  C$mSbm($.  C. 


fSi' 


Whaat.  m 


;?r% 


s**,  m-  V'Padt.  Obi.  Am, 


CONTRACTS. 


tiMc«ptlbi«  of  bcin^ 
without  Iha  conteni 

«)RTIONMBNT,  •bovc 

ihoM  by  whkh  ih« 
•Kwwa  ttmw  (o  per 
)tmc(  ohtiipuioni  ur 
In*  on  M  M  bclwtcii 
I,  but  for  whoM  par 
abl«  to  ihc  Alini|hi]r 
<r  grkliliMl*}  in  ihii 
iicrc  duly.*  ImpiiMi 
li  wriM  bv  impliaitloB 
you  daily  •  loaf  oly 
triodlcal,  or  Ihe  tike, 
T  lufaacribcr,  without 
I  you  nak*  m«  of  it 
iliM  an  obligation  oa 
or  publiabtr  Um  valut 
I,  or  MriodicaU,  «ic. 
an  Umm  wb«rt  the 
dtUvar  on*  of  a  ccr- 
id  tha  Mivary  of  any 
obligation.  Indiviii 
not  lUMfplible  of  di 
o  pay  vou  a  hundred 
n  one-balf  of  tbii  (o 
im  a  right  of  action 
J<Anl  obligationi  are 
lore  obligon  proniie 
D  obllgaiTon.  Whan 
I,  and  ih«  obligor*  do 

0  fulfil  ihair  engage 
•d.  if  living,  to  com- 

irtlM7tw  dMd.tlie 
d.  Natural  ot  noral 
J>  cannot  be  anfarccd 
binding  o«  Ikw)  patty 
M  and  natonJ  Jukice. 

1  atbnwd  la  nptnal 
SToad  if  tlM  vfiBcipal 
Md.  8m  Oamaoh, 
m  an  Utarn  which 
to  t«|iiira  w  to  dve 
do  MnMthiw|t  Ouf 
I,  or  dvU.  Panonal 
'  which  tha  obligor 
IB  act  withont  dinclly 
ur  in  Mrlbnwmcc; 
tatlM  u  which  the 
M,  hot  iodttding  hit 
FirllHitivtorprlBdnal 
li  art  contractad  with 
1  ha  tha  fnt  fulfilled. 

thoat  whidi  ara  the 
r  tha  cMgi«MMiit  (^ 
Pure  or  aimpio  obli- 
ir«  not  iMpandod  by 
aatt  ooalraMod  with- 
oontnctod  with  one 
Real  obHgatioM  are 
■ad  not  the  ptnon  is 


r.  Akr.  CmmMMw  (8.  C). 
m-  «?oSrOH.  Am. 


liable  to  tha  obligee  for  Ihe  perfonnance.  At, 
when  a  paraon  bu»»  an  mtata  (uh^eci  to  a  mort- 
gage, be  la  nul  llalile  for  the  liebi,  but  the  raUle 
i«.  Secondary  ubliuatlona  are  thoae  which  are 
contracted  to  be  jierAtrmed  In  caae  the  primitive 
cannui  be.  A;  if  I  tell  you  my  houae,  I  (pri- 
marily) bind  myMlf  to  give  you  a  title  t  if  I 
cannot,  my  aecondary  obligation  ia  to  pay  you 
damages  fitr  my  non  (lerffirmance  of  the  pri- 
mary obliKaiiim.  Several  ottligationa  are  ihoae 
by  which  one  or  more  individuala  bind  them- 
lelve*  aeparately  to  ix-rform  an  engagement.  In 
lhi«  ca»e  each  oblluor  may  be  lued  leparately  i 
and  if  one  or  more  of  them  be  dead,  their  re- 
tpeclive  legal  repreaenlativea  may  be  sued. 
Single  obligations  are  those  without  penally,  aa 
where  I  promise  simply  Ir  pay  you  one  hundred 
dollars. 

Impaikino  the  Oai.iciATinN  or  Contracts. 
The  constitution  of  the  United  States  pro- 
vides that  ••  no  State  nhalt  pass  "  "  any  law 
Impairing  the  obligation  of  contiads.'**  In 
general,  only  ContracU  are  embraced  In  thia 
provision  rcapecting  property  or  some  object 
of  value,  and  confer  rights  which  can  be 
asserted  In  a  court  of  justice.  The  law  of 
l>lace  acts  upon  a  contract,  and  governs  iu 
construction,  validity,  and  obligation,  but  con- 
stitutea  no  part  of  it.  The  law  explains  the 
stlpvlatioaa  of  the  Mrties,  but  never  supercedes 
or  variaa  them.  Thii  is  very  dilCirent  from 
suppoaing  that  every  law  applicable  to  the  sub- 
ject-matter, as  statutes  of  limitation  and  insol- 
vency, enters  into  and  becomes  a  part  of  the 
contract  t  this  can  neither  be  drawn  from  the 
tenn<i  of  the  eontmci,  nor  presumed  to  be  Con-^ 
lempLited  bjr  the  partiei  to  the  contract.  Thera 
U  a  broad  distinction  teken  aa  to  the  obligation 
of  n  contract  and  the  remedv  upon  it.  The 
•boiiiion  of  all  remedies  by  a  law  operating  at 
the  preeent  time  is,  of  courso.  an  impairing  of 
Ihe  obligatioii  of  the  contract.  But  a  legbla- 
tore  max  ^"^  <h«  nalnm  and  extent  of  reme- 
dies, as  well  as  the  times  and  modes  in  which 
these  remedies  may  be  panned,  and  for  sails 
not  bnN^bt  within  each  times  m  amy  be  pre- 
scribed.  A  reasonable  lime  within  which  rights 
are  to  be  eaforoed  must  be  given  by  laws  wUch 
bar  oaitBia  salts.'  The  meaniae  of  the  obliga- 
tion  k  importaat  with  regard'to  the  dbthic£ii 
takmi  bctwwa  tha  kws  existing  at  the  time  the 
coatfad  is  ealered  into  and  Owse  which  ai« 
enadad  aftarwards.  Tha  fermer  are  coasid- 
ered  to  hatra  bam  ia  oontemplathm  of  the  par- 
tiea,  aad  so  fkr  a  part  of  their  oontracti  the 
latter  are  said  to  ianwir,  provided  they  dket 
the  contrad  at  all.    See  Laws. 

OFFBRt  or  propo* itions  td  do  a  thing 
shoald  eootda  a  right,  if  accepted,  of  eompel- 
Uag  Oa  fcUUmaat  of  tha  contrad;  and  thU 

U.S.  Ait.i,|i«,elsuB*t!  tesatiatAws, 
r^ama  OauoATipn  or  jCmrraAcrs.   f.j 


FM.  *»•:  •  ¥^.  m :  .  Id.  M; .■  (Ml.  C.  C.  141;  • 
Um.  4301  s  MMir.  itf:  ■  Me.  lA:  14  M  Ma:  vda. 

Wi-..  —  -^-^•»-B4:  jld.4Jo:  «Wwl.'1o|.  i- 
Ckfily  CoMT.  li  >  T.  R.  iao» 3SI. 


7^^^—*i  ll«h«l 


right  whan  not  expressed  is  always  Implied. 
Persons  may  ch»n^t  their  will  at  any  time  if  it 
be  not  (o  the  injury  of  another;  they  nuy, 
therefore,  revoke  or  recall  their  offers  at  any 
time  befori  they  have  been  accepted,  and  in 
order  to  deprive  them  of  thia  right  the  ofler 
must  have  been  accepted  on  Ihe  terms  in  which 
it  was  made.*  Any  •|uatificatiun  of,  or  depar- 
ture from,  these  terms,  invalidates  the  offer, 
unless  the  same  be  agreed  to  l>y  the  |>arty  who 
made  it.»  When  the  offer  haa  been  made,  the 
party  is  presume<l  to  be  willing  to  enter  into 
the  contract  for  the  time  limiiedi  and,  if  it  be 
not  fixed  l>y  the  offer,  then  until  it  be  expressly 
revoked  or  rendered  nugatory  by  a  contrary 
presum|i(ion.'     See  AccKiTANct. 

PAROL  CONTRACTS  are  those  which 
are  made  verbally  or  in  writing  not  under  seal 
— lot  Ihoae  which  are  under  seal  are  such  as 
deeda  or  specialties,  and  embrace  bonds,  judg- 
ments, rpcognliances,  undertakings,  etc.,  eld 

A  contract  which  is  made  under  seal,  and 
afterwards  modified  verbally,  becomes  Iherel^ 
whollv  a  parol  contract.*  In  Slates  where  seals 
are  aboltohed  the  principle  of  distinction  ir 
contract*  is  still  the  same,  though  no  smI  ba 
reoulred. 

PARTIK'  may  act  independently  and  sev- 
erally, or  joiiuiy  and  severally. 

1  uey  may  act  a*  represenUlivcs  of  others,  as 
agenta,  factors,  and  brokers,  servanU,  attorneys, 
trustees,  esecutois  and  administrators,  and  guar- 
dian*. 

They  may  act  in  a  collective  capacity,  as 
corporations,  joint-stock  companies,  and  part- 
nershipa. 

They  may  ba  new  parties,  l>y  novation,  as- 
sinimcni,  ^nd  by  indorsement. 

They  may  be  parties  disabled  m  whole  or  in 
part,  as  infants,  married  women,  bankrnpU  or 
insolvaqts,  non  compos  mentis,  drunkards,  etc. 

In  general,  all  persons  may  be  1  >  1  ties  to  con- 
tracts} bat  no  penon  can  ccnirs<  with  bimsdf 
in  a  different  capacitv  (a.«  A.,  bong  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  A.  A  Co..  he  cannot  contract  with 
the  firm  of  A.  ft  Co.,  because  he  cannot  contract 
with  ^'•n»•|f^  as  there  must  be  an  agreement 
ofmiadk.  And  no  want,  immaturity,  or  inca- 
padty  of  mind,  fa>  the  consideration  of  the  law, 
disables  a  person  from  becoming  a  party .  Such 
disability  nuy  be  cntine  or  partU,  and  must  be 
proved.*' 

In  case  of  death  of  a  sole  party  the  debt  or 
oontrsd  snnrives  againd  his  bdn,  executors, 
■ad  administrators. 

In  case  of  the  death  of  one  or  more  of  He 
Joiat  obligor*  or  promisors  Ihe  joint  debt  or 
contrad  sarvivas  against  his  heirs,  r  ^ecutors, 
or  administratois  of  the  deceased  obligor  or 
promisor,  as  well  as  against  the  survivois. 

aI^.s9l:,,TWWnd  71     1-T.y.n.  Ch.  4(15;  sAtk. 

Bn 
3« 


—  -»-•„*  ■■-• —  /•■  i-r  Vent  Ch..~p,  .. 
S9j_»  Ves.  Ch.  »m:  »«  W.  37  .  13  Id.  is« 
ntCh.Mo:  iPat.  C  C.  373:  sBMon  S4:  7W9 
3«?;  II  S.Jkn.  ate:  sPaliaCh. sjS,  Sjo;  jSanif 
■  Johns.  Cb.  *<a:  4  How.  dn.  (•>  «  Slarfc.  ti« 
■•p.  IU    I  T.S,  M:  "  AdTi  E     44 :  »  L.  J^ 

SJJ. 


mmmmmmmmmmmmmim 


iwnwwuiiiiiiiiimiw 


KHNii 


I  1 


CONTRACm, 


Wlun  aU  |h«  ulilt||uri>  •>r  |ir<iml'HM'<>  ilt*.  ih» 
debt  or  viotntcl  turyivm  agiiin*!  ih«  h«ln,  t»- 
tcatitn.aml  •dmlnltiraior*  u(  ali  iIm  (Uvaawid 
JolM  cibUgon  anti  prumiMin. 

PvarNiMiiir.    Hm  ih*' tiiU. 

IPAY  MENT  to  ar  a««nt  In  th«  ortllnary 
ciMirM  '  lHt*in«w  Mndt  ih«  principal,  unim* 
tha  laltf:  luM  iHitiflad  Iha  (laMiir  litAtrchaml 
that  h«  tciatrM  tha  payment  to  ba  niaita  ii> 
hiiBMlf.*  Wymant  tu  an  •lliMii«y  U  aa  affiri^iual 
M  If  made  to  tha  m lncl|>al  hlntMlf,*  but  n<il  wi 
ki  an  agant  of  Iha  atiurnay  appi>'  il«<t  by  Iha 
•Itornay  la  mm  tha  daliltir  ;>  and  ^htit  una  cun- 
Iracu  lA  do  work  and  tu««  ^  I  «  prlca,  iha 
defandant  may  |jrove  thai  Iha  cUt'.lfir  had  a 
partner  in  Iha  undartaklag,  and  'iutt  ho  haa  paid 
II  at  pattnar.a  It  la  agtnarat  rule  thai  payment 
tu  tin<-  paftnar  la  food,  and  Undi  .^la  Cirm.'  Ho 
(laymc  III  to  am*  of  two  joint  creditor*  ia  good, 
though  tkay  ara  not  partner*  In  InMlneaa.*  Pay* 
men!  to  tha  crcditur'a  w*/*  will  not  be  a  goiMl 
payment,*  niUaaa  tha  waa  hit  ageni,  either  cx- 
preaaly  or  bf  coiuaa  of  busincM*  One  may  be 
JuftiMd  in  BuklKi  payment*  In  a  party  who  It 
tilting  in  I)m  crtiitor't  countlng-ruom,  and  r|<- 
paranily  imniKxd  Mth  the  irantactioa  of  the 
buainaaa,  and  a>.*^  irixed  to  recall «>  thu  ni(m«y, 
•Ithottfh  ba  ba  [<.<jt  to  in  faa.*  In  u*>^>«ral,  it 
ki  only  •  sooay  paymanc  that  bindt  tha  princi- 
pal* to  that  ha  It  not  alfccted  by  any  claim 
which  tha  debtor  mtj  have  againtt  tN  agent.* 
And  an  agent  author! tad  to  nrcaiva  pnynMni  in 
money  cannot  bind  hia  principal  tqr  racaiving 
good*,)  or  a  bill  or  note.* 

Payment  in  Bank  Bilu.  A  payiriant  in 
good  hank  biUa,  not  objected  to  at  the  time,  I* 
a  good  payments  and  to  i*  a  tender  of  tucli 
billi  s*  bat  tha  creditor  may  object  and  demaml 
tixicia.*  A  tender  of  copper  cenit  cannot  be 
mad*  nadar  tha  eonatltttlion  of  the  United 
Statea.*  If  tha  Ulb  ara  forged  tha  payee  may 
traat  them  aa  a  nullity,  for  tuch  bill*  arc  not 
what  they  purport  to  be.*  But  aiich  forged 
.lotea  (or  coin)  mutt  be  returned  by  Um  reGaiTi!>r 
in  a  rcatorable  time,  or  he  mu*t  beer  tha  lo**.* 
When  tha  bill*  of  a  bank  that  haa  (Ulad  are 
p«id  and  received  in  ign6ranc4  of  auch  (hllura, 
tha  Iota  CUI*  on  the  party  payihg,'  but  thajr  mu*t 
be  returned  in  a  r«aaonabic  llme.i 

■•iila*l.  3«:  <M.  ftS.  iM;  Cawp.tsi;  •  C.  ft 
P.  4t  •  «  CowF.  444!  ■  M  •«:  }  C.  »  P.  isa ;  ||eoM 
n :  ■  Caair.  mi.  la-i  W.  H.  I ;  «  Onaf.  *•} ;  ■  Warii. 
(Va.)  lo!  I  car,  «4r i  4C«m.  ]•, i  I  Py».  a :  .  OmnA. 
iPjcli.'M7i    IDawl.  M^  IJoha*.  )«i:    lojd. 


•Mi 


■aoj  io  Vl.  47V;'  ]  Smw.  *);  ']  tew.  %  P.  u:'  jlli 
*><.    »«Doi«.fc}:  1  Ala.  .«!  I  W  (X*.ri» ! 
Oraaar.  wti   is  M«.  im.     ^4  Waad.  uti    V4  Vt 
M:   ■  BUckf.  }Ti :   Biwu,  107:  •m.  ftS.  liA:  1 
W<ith.(y*.l77:  4C.ltP.  >«•:   tN.H.sM.    £4  J. 
J.  Mar«h,  367.    t-«  ScoU  N.  R.  17*.    m-MMmtm,  iii; 
•  PfMiB.  I7« ;  n  M*.  Vi*.     V-Moody  ft  M,  ■s»«|i;  } 


.  JO*- 


«■■•  Wod. 


w(.     s-sM.  ftW.'Aw. 

P.  nl.    »«  Pick,  ti* :    7 
■  Faiff.  47J ;   a  CrOBit.  ft  J. 


Taunt,  jot';  *  Croaip.  SM 
10  Q.  C.  jao.  V-*  C.  ft  P 
Ld.  Raym.  goT:  Hok  N. 
Jelin*.4i«i   1011)0,69;   I 

ttj*  Dvr.  ft  Bai.  4M-  •-*  Nott  It  ICCwd,  m.  *■ 
le  Wlwet.  13*  i  •Joha*.  4S$:  ftHIB,  M»i  ■luwk*. 
!■«:  |Id.  sSli  7L«i«b.«it:aHan<aftJolm*.  ]W:3 
Scaai.  N*;  <  Coon,  yt :  tMai*.  it*;  11  Id.  117;  3 
Bair.  j|b;  4001.  ftj.it).    •-7  Liigh.di7:  •>  Ol.  1*7; 


I  AVMlfrr  av  i'hiuk  I'aymaat  I*  ofbn 
made  by  the  dalMot'i  thack  •(ion  a  liank,  <  h« 
holder  I*  not  iHiuitd  by  receiving  II,  l>tii  nMy 
treat  tt  ••  a  nullity  H  he  d«tl*«*  no  bencAi  fruni 
it,  |ir«>«ld«d  ha  ha*  bean  KUllty  of  mo  nagltgant: 
which  haa  cauaad  an  iii)ury  lu  the  drawer  •■  ni 
w  It  necctaary  lo  praaarve  the  |>*y*«'»  rl||hu 
that  It  ihould  lie  prmanlad  on  the  day  11  w*t 
received.'  And  If  drawn  on  a  bank  in  which 
iha  drawer  haa  no  fund*  It  naad  not  be  pre 
««nled  at  all  ia  order  to  maintain  an  action 
upon  It /I 

Favmbnt  it  DiLBUATtuN.  Pnyment  may 
lie  made  try  an  arrangement  whereby  a  credit  i> 
given  ur  fund*  »u(ipiied  bv  a  third  party  to  the 
creditor,  at  '.ha  inaiancc  ot  tha  dablor. 

Pavmbnt  <>v  l.rrTM.  In  ganaral  th« 
deUor  t*  dUctiarged,  tlihough  tha  money  doe* 
not  reach  tha  cretlltor,  If  he  waa  directed  or  o. 
preasly  authoriMd  by  the  creditor  ao  to  •end  ti, 
or  if  he  can  di*ilnctly  deriva  auch  aalhodiy 
from  It*  being  the  uaual  ooune  of  bttaiiia«|  but 
not  olherwiac.* 

Pabt  Paymknt.  Payment  of  a  part  of  a 
debt,  or  ui  Kfmidmt*4  damMgcs,  te  no  latkCtc- 
t^on  fA  the  whole  debt,  evtt)  whera  tha  creditor 
agreea  lo  receive  a  part  for  ;jm  whole,  and  ^va* 
a  receipt  for  tha  whole  demand  i'  unlMa  it  were 
a  payment  of  a  debt  by  a  fair  and  well-under 
ttood  compvooiMi,  carriad  fatdrfblhrinto  affect  .*■ 
And  if  a  part  ba  paid  hafora  all  ia  due,*  or  In 
any  way  mora  bendicial  to  the  cteditar  than 
that  preacribad  by  Iha  contract  i*  hara  there  I* 
a  new  conaideration  for  tha  rahmiM  of  Iha  whole 
debt.  And  if  a  airangar  pay  froai  hit  own 
money  or  give  hi*  own  note  for  a  part  of  a 
delM  due  from  another,  in  comUdafailan  of  a 
ducharga  of  the  whole,  auch  diadiaiM  ia  good.' 
If  a  creditor  by  hi*  own  act  and  cb«c«  coaipcl 
a  payment  of  a  part  of  hit  claiai  by  pvooaat  of 
law,  thia  wilt  generallv  oparnta  aa  an  axtiMpiiah- 
mant  of  hia  whole  cUliaa,  under  tha  rala  that 
ha  thall  not  divide  aa  antira  cauaa  of  adkm  m 
to  give  himtalf  two  anits  upon  it.<  Ha  may 
often  bring  hia  action  for.  a  part,  but  a  racoirtry 
in  that  action  ban  a  rait  for  tha  ranaittdar. 
A*,  if  one  haa  a  demand  for  thma  aitlclaa  un- 

M*.  tti  II  Wind,  »:   ij  H.  im;    >•  1m%.  msi  vLQ. 


H*il,  )6 ;  4  A.  ft  E.  M4  i  •  Cajaj,  us  i  •tTCai  i  i 

id.  119;  tB.  ft  P.  jil.    MW«Nd.j4|,- aTuai.  ]|d! 

»  CuiBB.  ijf  i    11  W*ad. 

67;  »yi»«^«j|L 

14a :  I  Eack.  477.    I-P|{ 


M  Wand.  4^: 

]Bmim.  •4ti   Ryaa ft  Mtady, 
14a :  I  Kaca.  477.    l-nna*tl'(Caia,iKap.  117    — 
41a:  tB.  ftC.  477:   sKaM.  ija;    }N.  H-cil; 
£:*«kU.(M:   loA.ftE.  itr-  4  0«U  ftjakm.  «m: 
sJoha*.  iM:  9 Id.  311:  11  How.  Pr.  R.  100:  >rli*. 
*6:.sC5«Kk,  ii.   3N.  H.sil;   *^St.  <  ^ 

lAik.)  II :   i  Caap.  ss*>  a. ;    j  Id.  131 :    il 
•«.b4-  L.  ft  l^toi  »lK)^:teti  ••  Ri«.\,  ft'j 


Wgd, 
ftMaady. 


I  Pnia 


ft  Eo.  *a;  le  Back.  «i»7r  ••  L  ^  _. ^ 

Ml:   i*C.  B.  ■•1;   MBng.  L,  ftEq.  •431   3  DowL  ft 

iRawl*.3n.  ll-PhHiell'i  CaM^  R*>.  117  i  •Mat. 
*(3:  3  Hawfca.slo.     •■fj  M  ft  W.  *3A:  1  Bm.  4a ;  ■ 

Barb.Ch.bii  ]  Bay..)*:  iji^iiu/^x  '}>»»■ 
4*4-  IM  Hal.  *9j;  «>  Joha*.  7a:  14  Waad.  tidi  1  Id. 
id*!  ijAla.  3Sli  4B.  ftCjodi  iilaat.  I9S.  4-11 
S.  ft  R.  I*  i  IS  Jebn*.  wo :  Id.  41* :  >•  Id.  i*i ;  Id.  i]di 
•  How.  Pr.  R.  S14 :  •  SU.  iMTdOKh.  •••:  1  Waid 
4t7:  tj  Joka*.  41*;  id  Id.  iji. 


mmmii 


OONI'RAGTI. 


ttpim  «  twnli.  <K« 
t'viirinK  II,  litit  laa^ 
Ivm  no  bvncAl  (rum 
\ty  uf  •»  a«|th|«nt« 
io  lb«  (lraw«f  i*  mir 
ttM  (M]r««'*  rtuhu 
1  Ml  itM  (toy  H  wu 
M  •  haiA  k«  which 
I  iMMd  no*  b*  |ir* 
RMlaUln  an  Mllon 

tm,  Hymml  nay 
wiMrtby  •  credit  b 
•  third  party  to  ih« 
iIm  dalNar. 

la  gvnaral  ikt 
gh  tha  oMMMy  dtim 
waadiractad  or  ex- 
edUor  ao  lo  tand  It, 
riira  attch  aathodiy 
iiKof  bwataawi  but 

•at  of  a  part  of  a 
if«s,  la  BO  Mtlafcc- 
<  whara  tha  craditor 
JM  wlu>l«,  and  givak 
■adt'  aniaaa  It  ware 
Mr  and  wail-andar 
kltlifttlhrintaaffiKt." 
PI  all  It  daa,*  or  In 
>  tha  cradttor  than 
tract  I*  hara  tbara  It 
ralaaiM  of  Ifca  whole 
pay  froHi  hia  own 
lie  for  a  part  of  a 
caMklaralion  of  • 
kdiacluuMkgood.» 
;  and  ch«c«  coaipel 
clalai  by  procaatof 
ata  M  an  •xtitwaiih- 
aadar  tha  nilatkat 
acaoaaof  aeUoM  a* 
■poa  k.<  Ha  aay 
party  ovt  a  racovary 
for  iba  nnaindar. 
Mr  tluraa  aiticlaa  wt- 

r%i 

M.  im:  (Taaai.  jai; 

■iHdLfa.  h-MEi. 

Mi  RyaaAllMdy, 
JHa,  1  Km.  Uf,  Um. 
;  jR.  ITji*;  ti  Vt. 
4  0<H.  ftjohm.  «Mi 
m.  Pr.  R.  mm:  IjS*- 

REo.  Mi:  jD«>i»lli 
Eag.  L.  ftaqj.  «4*'  IB* 
■ii  itaa.  iir;  •  Mat. 
I W.  tji:  t  Mra.  41;  • 
11.  t(s-«i  aUttia)  3 

r'lTWaSd!  i!l:  HcL 
Ij  II  Ian.  100,  ^-11 
|il  rtld.ni!  Id.  lyli 
;  (Cuih.  •••!  I  Waad 


.ITMii  • 


^  OM  coMraet,  Md  Maa  for  on*,  Ita  caimm 
lAvrward*  Iwinii  hta  m:iiu««  (m  (he  u«h«r  two. 
PiiNAi.rv      s*«  ilAMMiaa.  above 
riRrOMMANCB.      To  maha  tkU  <t« 
frnee  effeciHulih*  iwrluimanca  maul  h«v#  Iwvn 
by  klm  whu  WM  IkhiikI  iu  iIo  iI  j  and  whalMi 
rv«r  u  n«i«tMary  to  Iw  ,Umt    fur  the   (all  ill* 
i  Iwrga  <>f  ihl*  duty,  allh<Mi||h  only  incidanuJ  to 
II,  miiH  ba  dune  liy  hint.    Nur  will  •  mare  readi 
—»  lo  d<>  •llacharge  him  rrum  hk  llabilliy,  an 
km  ha  mane*  that   manllaM   by  tan<iar  or  an 
»|al*alewl  act  ' 

iMrtiaaiaiuTV  <ir  I'tanrnMAiui.     !f  ihr 
iMrftMrmanca  of  a  contract  baromea  impuaillil. 
Ity  tha  act  of  (;«d,  that  w,  by  a  cauaa  «hlt  I. 
could  not  poaaihly  ba  aiiribatad  to  the  pnwn 
i»or,  and  Ihi*  impuealbtllly  waa  not  amuna  thr 
contingcnclaa  which  a  Mudenl  man  •houlrf  have 
f<ir*Men  and  |)n4«ida<i  f,ir,  ihit  woald  Mem  n 
luAcianl  delenoe.*     But  mere  hardship  .»r  dif 
(iculty  of  performanca  by  tha  promlaor  will  n.rt 
lumca.* 

Kino  or  PKuroanANcii.     Tha  par<urmanc» 
maal  ba  each  aa  la  re<|ulred  by  tha  tnie  ipirii 
and  aiaaaiag  of  tha  contiact,  and  tha  lm*nil<>n 
ot  Iha  partlaa  aa  jupraMwd  tharam.     A  mere 
literally  accmrata  parlonnaaca  may  wholly  fail 
lo  tailafy  tha  true  purpoaa  of  Iha  contract.    But 
If  Iha  eoMtract  aaptaaaaa  and  dailnaa  tha  exact 
method,  and  that  method  ia  accaralaly  Mlowcd, 
ihii  ia  a  ■allU.iani  performaiica.*     If  tha  con- 
tiact  ba  in  Um  aliamaiiea,  aa  to  do  a  lUna  on 
«na  day  or  another,  or  la  one  way  or  another, 
the  right  of  ala«tion  it  with  the  promiuw,  if 
ihera  ba  nothing  in  the  contract  to  coniro!  the 
ixaannption.'     A.  oontractad  to  deliver  "  froin 
one  to  ikraa  thonaand  bnthalt  of   potatoet," 
*M  ha  ntighl  dalivar  aay  qaantity  ba  chota 
within  iba  ITmitt  of  iIm  contract.*     If  tlie  con- 
tract it  to  do  on*  of  two  thinga  by  a  given  day 
the  debtor  haa  mtil  tbM  day  lo  naka  hU  elec- 
tion I  but  If  ba  tuflar  that  day  to  paai  without 
perfarainc  altker.  hk  coatraet  k  Wum  and 
hit  rkrhit^eteciioa  gone.*    Whai*  A.  agreed 
lo  dalivar  to  B.  by  tSa  lii«  of  May.  fnm  700 
to  1,000  banrelt  of  Mai,  for  whiok  B.  agreed 
to  pa*  on  <lai<-ry  at  tha  rata  of  ais  doOan  per 
barrel,  and  A.  dabfarad  700  bamU,  and  abo 
bafora  tke  day  lasdafeo  w  M.  joo  barrelt  more, 
to  aalM  nplke  iMobamla.  .-kich  B.  Kfttted. 
it  WM  hdd  Ikot  B.  WM  bouMl  to  .*r«ive  and 
pay  far  tkawhoia  1,000  barralat  the  dali.crv 

Scpmtity  between  700  and  1,000  barret; 
at  the  opdoa  «f  A.  only,  and  for  hit 


Pa*t  FliaroBMAHCt.  A  partial  parformancr 
way  be  a  •tetenca,  ^«  Am*.  i>»  It  may  luataia 
a.1  acttfm  ^0  tmm^  ,■  but  ih>.  can  be  .mly  la 
caaaa  where  ih«  duly  to  be  done  cmalM.  ol 
|>arta  which  arc  .lialtnct  and  Mverahle  in  lh«li 
own  nature  (ihu..  In  an  entire  conlracl  liir  tale, 
•w  manufaclurr,  uf  a  Uigt  quantity  of  an  arti' 
tie  ,w  aniclea,  at  an  .«[r«e.l  ,»i.e  (.«  eacb,  tke 
.  uirriit  ol  aalhurliir.  h..U|.  ikal  •  tielivcry  and 
a<c«|itan.:»  U  pait,  give,  a  right  l»  recnvei  h,t 
that  part,  detiuctmg  whatever  damagea  tke 
■ithef  party  natialned  l^r  the  non  rumiment  of 
the  contract  1*)  and  arc  n<it  h<i«nd  logeiker  by 
caprttaiona  giving  entirety  tn  Ike  contract.  It 
l»  not  enough  that  tho  duty  to  he  done  ii  In  It 
•elf  laveraMe,  if  the  contract  MMfemplaiet  it 
only  aa  a  whole* 

Tint  or  PiarutMANci.  If  the  contract 
*|iecihe«  m.  time,  ihe  law  Impilet  it  thall  be 
liarformed  In  a  reaaonalile  time,*  and  will  not 
liermit  this  Implication  to  he  rebutteil  hy  ea- 
irinaic  leatlmony  going  tu  fii  a  d^inlte  time, 
Iwcauae  thia  vnriee  tke  contract.*  What  It  a 
rvaaoiiaUa  time  ia  a  oueatlon  of  law.*  If  the 
'  (mirac!  refen  to  ••  »K«  day  „f  date."  or  ••  ike 
dtaie,"  WK^  exprataea  any  date,  ikia  d«y  and  not 
that  of  tke  actual  making  it  taken,  but  if  thete 
i»  in  tke  cotitract  no  dale,  o»  an  lmnoaait>le  date, 
ih*n  the  day  of  the  actual  making  will  be 
understood  to  be  meant  by  tke  day  ot  the  dale  • 
Ihe  title  which  makea  notes  which  im^mie  due 
0.1  Sunday  without  grace,  payable  on  the  Mon- 
day folk>win|.  appKaa  lo  ait  contracU.'  No 
one  >a  hound  to  do  any  work  in  iwrformanca 
of  hit  oontract  on  Sunday .t  aaleta  the  work  by 
ilt  very  naiara,  or  by  axprwN  agiaament,  U  1^ 
he  done  on  that  day,  and  can  ba  then  d«>ne 
witbont  a  breach  of  tke  law. 

f  *■■■*•©«  of  pnrtiat  in  many  contracta 
*nd  jadiaal  proceodinga  la  nacataaiy  iu  order 
to  renderihem  vaiid.     A  party  to  a  dead  eae- 
cutea  by  hlnMelf  nuat  perwwaily  acknowledge 
I.  when  nu£.  acknowledoment  )«  requited  by 
Uw  to  give  it  ka  full  force  and  a«».^? ;  and  hki 
actual  prwience  In  pcraor  b  indahx  Atablc.  un- 
law another  perton  repreienta  him  aa  hia  at- 
toniey,  having  authority  from  him  for  that  pur- 
pote.     A  Innaiic.  a  man  atleep,*  or  intenaibie.i 
or  If  the  art  were  dona  tecretly  «>  that  he  knew 
not  Wng  of  hf  wonld  noMw  contidered  prctent. 
PunKimaNT.   See  Bilu  or  Excmanoki 
BoNoe  AND  PKcmiHOKY  Nom. 
Ptiac.  Sec  title  Salm. 
PximarAL.    See  tkla  Aoinct  t  and  Omj- 
OATioM,  above. 

•  »f.»L>'<»i  Ai  j;  W.  fcf  i  II  Id.  j«:  .  Pick  167: 
•  •.  ft  C  1*4:  4  nfit  fit  B.  p  :  •«  Ei«.  I. 


^U.SA:  if.  JkC  114,  , 

jMtib.  losi  .  8anaar.5s>:*bMa. 
iSumaer,  5>>.  cKeraaa,il4:  jM 
J«"°i:  'Wet'   «L3lJ         '- 
4IVi  tOrttal 
•4  W 

Omni 


—7 :  t  Pcaii.  4j ; 


•r  •■la  Pick.  »7 

— ,  -  -., ,  « .J.  «  W.  i         ^  " 

!k  4)^M.  M:  •T.n.  4J« 

I  Hi 


445    «i-<.'ru. 
SM  *S. 


(Mil  _  ^ 


N* 


fi 


.  t 


GONTKACTtk 


^IIO^OBALS  an  ftimtiil  riffm  ut  p«ff«>nn 
uB<l*r1«liing,  il«lln||  Ihr  inn*  and  nunn*? 
of  (iciforiiianv*,  an)!  y»\tm  il«fn4iiUa<l,  <»   ima 
or  nu>r«  at  Ikaa*  iiarliculan.  auMr  iltrvi  iljr  ur 
Wf  lm|>lt«il  or  iliraci   rafarviua   In   umia   an 
MMllMNnanI  r«<|unllng  twch  an  iiffai.'  ara  n<il 
to  b*  cn«Mi«l«r»<l  a*  tHli^act  to  lilllirani  rnla* 
fraM  anjr  o(ii«T  nAar*     llnlll  U  haa  Immo  ur 
(•IiUmI,  a  p«<»oial  may  b«  wtlk<lrBwn  \ry  lh« 
party  who  maliaa   U.     To  b«  Mndinf,  iha  at; 
c«til«ki««  mint  ba  In  Iba  mmm  tanM  wlihuut 
any  vMlaliiin  whalcvar  * 

PUNCTUATION  t«  not  ngwiM  tn  ik« 
cfNMlruclton  or  lnlei(irclalicMi  ot  a  wrllltn 
Inairumvnt,  <ir  In  writlan  law. 

RArtrtcATluN.   Hm  iliU  AoKNcf  s  ami  Ai> 
riBMAMCIl  CoNritMAriow     'mva. 

RBADINO.  Whan  •  parann  «ign«  nr  •«« 
ititaa  an  Inatmmant  of  writing  it  k  praaum«<l 
tbal  If  haa  been  ttaA  to  him  t  rwi  tht«  nrMninp- 
tion  maybe  rebutted.  He*  BUNB,  li.i.irKi- 
kX*;  Til  MINIS  I  altuve. 

RKrKiKNCK.    See  A(>BNCY|  AkaiTKATnta. 

RBtCIMION.  Wbale^  rarty  haa  the 
right  lo  raacind  mutt  ilo  it  wiibin  the  time 
■pacified,  if  therr  bo  tuch  •  lime,  or  olherwine 
within  a  reaaonablo  lime.*  What  is  a  reauoii 
abia  tima  ia  «  question  uf  law  ^r  the  court 
only.*  Generally,  as  a  contract  can  he  matle 
only  by  the  consent  of  all  the  ctmlracling  |wr 
(lea,  it  can  be  rescinded  only  by  the  consent  uf 
all.'  But  this  consent  need  not  btt  ex|ireucd 
w  an  agreement.*  Generally,  where  'wt  dxU 
M  perfunn  his  part  of  the  <  ontri».>,  ur  disable* 
himself  front  performing  it,'  the  other  pjity 
may  treat  the  contract  as  rescinded."  No  con 
tract  can  be  rtscSndad  by  one  of  the  partif«, 
unless  both  can  b«  .'catorcd  to  the  londitioii  In 
which  they  war*  b«fo>-e  the  contract  was  madi; ' 
If,  lliarafort,  on«  of  th«  parlies  has  derived  an 
advantag*  tnm  a  partial  peri'ormaiice,  be  can- 
not hold  thia  ana  consider  the  contract  as  re- 
acinded  becauaa  of  tha  nonperfonnance  rf  the 
residue,*  but  mtiat  do  all  that  the  coiitruct  obliges 
(lim  lo  do,  and  seek  hie  remedy  in  damage*. 

KBLBASBII  ma^  either  |ive  up,  discharge, 
ur  abandon  a  right  oiaction,  or  convey  a  man's 
interest  or  right  to  another  #ho  baa  poasaaaion 
of  It  or  some  «Mat«  in  (be  aame.' 

A  itlease  is  a  good  defence,  whether  it  be 
mad*  by  the  creditor  himself,  or  raault  from  the 
operation  of  law.*  No  special  farm  of  word« 
ia  necasaary,  if  it  deeUr*  with  entire  distinct- 
n«ia  th*  purpoDit  of  the  creditw  to  discharge 
the  debt  tauX  deiitor.  It  may  expreasly  cstend 
to  wUy  a  part  at  a  claim  or  diJ>t,'  or  to  (he 

k-faa  u  Ala.  (N.  8.)  ».  IPIaree  Aai  Kty.  L.  i«4. 
■••«I^»«»i  4M.to.  H^Caav.  uo;  i8«ari.le,toji 
I  J.  B.  Me^,  tot.  •■iJUu.  sii.*e>ick.  m(.  «teMi. 


4U:MOMo,j4.:aTMlas.Ml:|Vir^:  ibt.H.i^g 

ll.^'S!L!»,L"'^  ««' "^•^•!  Vhi.  AW.:  Roil. 
Ahr,;  Malsea  Ahr.    w-it  M.  A  W.  44>  i  Co.  U«.  S91. 


party  released,  with  eepreaa  raaervatkin  af 
rtgkta  agalasi  ntkcr  partlea  t  In  which  case  It 
will  he  ciHialriied  iwly  aa  a  ruvanani  nm  in 
■ite  '  Bel  If  a  |>l«inil<f  ts  «i«i  l>y  «  eenefsl 
release  under  hi*  teal  lo  the  ileftPiUni,  h*  can 
nut  set  up  an  eKCiaiiMi  by  parol  ;•  and  where  • 
releeae  is  general  it  cannot  lie  llmlteil  »r  f(uali 
lle«l  l>y  eilrtnalc  evidence,  atituxigh  a  ietvi|ii 
may  be*  A  releaaa  may  Iw  l>y  operalioa  of 
law,  aa,  If  pattiea  inlsimarry.* 

RBQUMT.  In  some  case*  the  necessity 
uf  a  reeiueti  ts  imtilled  from  the  nature  of  tl4 
transaction  \  aa  where  a  horse  It  told  to  A  ,  t« 
ha  paid  for  <m  delivery,  A.  meal  thow  a  re 
fiuesl,*  or  impoaalhilliy  itn  the  part  of  the  v*fi 
d'jr  to  ciim|>ly  If  ratfueslnl.*  pieetosM  to  hriiif 
Ing  an  action  )  so,  on  a  (wnmlte  to  marry.*  If 
the  coniiact,  tn  lenni,  (irnvides  fur  a  re<)u««t. 
It  must  he  made.'  It  thould  be  In  errltlng  ami 
tiaie  ditilnclly  what  It  rniuircd  in  be  done* 

RBtTRAlNT  OF  TRADB.  An  s«rr« 
meni  by  on*  who  cxercltes  a  c>niain  irailr, 
business,  or  occupation,  to  abandon  iIm  tanir, 
and  thereafter  exercise  It  no  m«>r*,  w holier 
under  seal  or  not,  or  whether  wMh  or  without 
ranaideration,  la  void.  The  unrcaaonabicn<»« 
of  "contracts  in  restraint  uf  tradu,  '  and  Itu^i 
nesa,  aret  1.  flmuh  contract*  injure  the  pariii-s 
making  them,  bv  diminishing  their  meant  inr 
obtaining  Uvelinoods  and  a  competency  for 
their  families.  Thev  tempt  iuipruvident  per 
Mint,  for  lh«  sake  of  firesenl  giiln,  in  deprive 
themselvea  of  the  |>i^w«r  to  make  future  aci|ui 
sitiona.  a.  They  tend  to  dciu-ive  the  ;<ublic  of 
the  services  of  men  In  the  employments  and 
capacities  in  which  they  may  be  moat  useful  tu 
the  communitv  as  well  as  to  themselves.  3. 
The^  discourage  industry  aii>l  enierprlae,  and 
iliminish  the  products  of  ingenuity  and  tklll. 
4.  Tbey  prevent  «Hnpetiti»n  and  enhance 
prices.  5.  They  expose  the  public  to  all  the 
evils  of  monopoly.  Against  eviU  like  these, 
wise  laws  protect  individuals  and  the  public, 
by  declaring  all  such  contracts  vcid.*  Dbt 
cunt-ncks  which  are  limited  aa  to  time,  01  place, 
nr  persons,  for  a  good  cofwidcration,  are  valid, 
and  may  be  aflfurced.'  Thaaa  rulea  extend  to 
all  branclwa  of  trad*  and  all  kinda  of  busi- 
n*sa.i 

8AIO  maana  "  befor*-m*nlioned."  In  con- 
tracts ami  plaadings  It  ia  usual  and  proper, 
when  it  is  desired  to  speak  of  a  paiaon  or  thing 
b«forc-iiMntkMi«d,  to  designate  them  bjr  the 
term  «  said,"  or  "  afareaaid,''  or  bv  lom*  aimilar 
term ;  otherwise  the  latter  description  may  b* 
ill  for  want  of  certaiiH^  .* 


a.  B-s  Rol  Abr.  4n,  Hi. :  Raleass  (H.)  pi.  f  jr-C 
B  iM;  II  Law  K«P  Mt..  m*  A,  A  E.  Im-  fc-i  ■ 
ft  C.  TiMi  I  Mclisan  194.  %-t  14.  Rayei.  'iji  >  P 
W.s.'^i;  K<^.  .•<:  Tt.  R.3«S.  tl-»  T  ■ 
^1.  S09.  _tf-ra  Eati  \vt:  j  B.  A  AM.  rit. 


A  A.  M.'  f'l  JnhiM.  Cot.'  at7 
TWk.  %t  I  7  Cawm 


^■'^•^Ri.' 


yyj:  »i  Weed. 'jyi  M.  iM;  1 
;VC.    i««  :    11  Of.ja  ft.  IM.     14 


llof.   cm.  4)i 

M««t  at] !  f  l«.  5*9 :  4  » 

7  Cow.  jm:  «  PltV,  Kit ;  19  Id.  SI :  1 1.  m».  Th« 


«»b:  r  BlatVC    w«:    11  Of.ta  f  t.  M*-    M 
fid.  inj.  ^  Ril*.  4M:  I  Piek  41  jT  ij<l, 


iDH 

whiilami^act'ma'niiwl  by  Mrtmitm  y'las-  Wai'd.  it»: 
Id   iM:  I  Hotr.  Cti.  47n:  7  Blaclir   jm    11  Ohio  S) 
»at,  Oaa.  Dtg. 


iM:  I  Hotr.  Cti 
~   Ik.  SI. 


l^'A^'"'- 


4»ri;    7    IHaClir 

k-s  I.«v. 


a 


""-••■I 


Mt    t«    wMck   CM*    It 

a  •  cav«ii«iM  not  in 

la  mm  ^ty  «  MiMral 
M  tkfaiMUnl,  ha  can 
'  pMroi  i*  anil  whara  a 
I  \m  llmltati  or  iiaali 
I,  •hha^ll  •  (atai|>i 

ha  bjr  Ofwratkm  irf 
rTy,» 

w  CMM«  lb*  n«c«Mtty 
im  iKa  mUHra  i>(  !(■« 
(tfM  U  xtld  io  A,  Ki 
A.  m«ai  *hnm  t  rt- 

lh«  part  of  lh«  ¥af). 
.*  praatoM  Io  Mna 
omiMi  ui  Marry,*  If 
>*l«t#i  for  •  rtc|tta*i. 
lIiI  tw  In  arriitng  ami 
uirvit  In  ha  tJnn«.( 
'RADB.  An  a<r«a. 
i«a«  •  cisflain  irmilr, 
I  ahanikm  iha  unir, 
I  no  m<ir«,  whaihpr 
ilhar  wMh  <ir  without 
Im  unraaaonabianawi 
uf  IrAila,  '  and  Imiii 
Ma  injnra  th«  [wrtln 
ling  Ikeir  m«un>  lor 
i  a  cntii|>elcncy  for 
ipt  iinuruvideni  per- 
ant  guin,  (o  citpriva 
n  maiia  futnra  a«:i|ui 
l<:|>rive  ihe  'Miblic  of 
Im  employmani*  ami 
lajr  ba  woai  uaafal  ta 

■  to  thmwalvaa.  3. 
anil  anterprk*.  aiu'l 
ingenuity  and  «klll. 

litiun  and  enhanca 
the  public  to  all  the 
nat  avib  tike  lha»4>, 
lual*  and  tk«  public, 
i>ntract»  vcid.*  Hui 
il  aa  to  ti«n«,  oc  place, 
•idaration,  are  valid, 
hcaa  rulaa  axiand  to 
i  aU  kimfai  of  buai- 

Btntioned."  Incon- 
I  otuai  aiMl  proper, 
1  of  a  pciaon  or  tliiag 
tgnato  ili«a  br  Ihe 
i/'  or  bv  MMiM  timilar 

■  deacriptioo  may  bt 

tiaaaa  (H.)  »!•  '  r-C 
«  A.  ft  B.  fu.    m-'  B 

I  Ld.  Rarai-  r<}l  *  ^' 

lTam.  n*-  •«Do»l 

'    ♦^.^ 

4M;  <  PUk  41J!  1  >'<. 
*f  U.  Si !  II,  Ml.  Tht 
■umr  %  la  a'  Waid.  i<t  ; 
Uckf  )44'  n  ntilo  S« 
r.  waj.  Cm.  D^.  PL 


OOimiACTti 


:.  ■  AIU.  ft:   #4 
II  Or.ia  ft.  M 


•BT.OFF.     <Ui.dflr  ta  a  mnda  of  dafenea 

tty  which  tha  •iafamUni  «chnowl«dgaa  Iha  |ih 
ilc-a  of  Iha   Dtalnuff't   danaml.  Iml   iru  ap  a 
«»f   hla   uwn    agalnat  Iha  |>lalntlir,  lu 
<  tmnlamalani  a  ti  in  «h>ila  nr  In  Mil  ■ 

•KTTLEMENTt  ar.  a«rii««.nla  by 
which  «wu  or  mora  (iai«4>na  whti  ha»»  ilaallnga 
UifNiMr  %a  tu  arranna  lliair  ai-cuunte  •«  iu 
•MWtata  •>  balance  .l>t«  fnim  ona  to  Iha  other 
The*  are  *i»n  Mjrmeiua  in  full. 

■HIPPINO  ARTICLRE  ar.  agraama..), 
ir.  writing  or  |irtnl  bat  warn  the  maalvr  and  tea 
^tan  or  laariner*  on  luianl  of  hi«  vaaaal  (racapt 
«ch  aa  thall  tm  ant>reniice<i  or  Mrvanl  to  him 
lelf  or  owners),  tWlarlng  the  voyaga  or  «oy 
agaa,  wnn  or  larm*  of  lime  for  which  tuch  lea 
■lan  or  marinart  tbalt  lie  thiiiiwd  II  la  al*u 
ra<|ul»ed  that  at  the  fout  of  every  ruch  cnntrarl 
there  alkali  be  a  mem«irandum,  in  writing,  of 
the  day  »nd  the  hour  on  which  each  uram4n  or 
mariner,  wh.,  4h«ll  m>  «bii»  and  •ubarribe,  ahalt 
render  himaelf  t-n  hoard  to  Ugin  the  •oyage 
«gr«ed  Hpon.  For  want  of  ihlraiing  a,ni>  Ir^ 
the  MMUiMn  la  entitle*!  to  the  higheat  w«ge< 
which  have  been  given  at  the  pnrt  nr  >>!«<• 
whtrt  tiitch  aeaman  <>r  mariner  ihall  have  been 
ihlppad  for  a  timilar  voyage,  wilhln  three 
monlha  n*«l  Uc^e  the  lime  of  «uch  ahippitig, 
on  hia  performing  the  lervice,  or  dwrinu.  the 
limt  he  thaJt  continue  to  do  duty  on  hoardtuch 
veaaat  wiihoul  hcin^  bound  by  the  regulationa, 
or  oablect  to  the  pmnaltin  or  forfeiture*  con 
talned  In  i«i.-i  act  of  :;ungr«NM)  and  the  maa- 
ler  U  fuilher  liable  to  a  penally.* 

Shipping  article*  outfht  net  tu  conuin  any 
claoae  which  derogate* Trvtm  Ihe  mneral  rigbtt 
and  prIvUeM*  of  seamen  ;  and  if  they  do,  Ihe 
clauoe  will  ba  declared  void.*  A  aeaman  who 
•ign*  thipyiinv  articles  it  bound  to  perform  the 
voyaga,  aiid  ne  has  no  right  to  eJact  to  pay 
danMina  for  non-performance  of  the  ointract.' 
■lONATURB  it  the  act  of  putting  one's 
nam«  at  the  end  uf  an  instnimenl  to  attest  iu 
vaUdity.  It  i*  the  namt  thn*  written.  Il  u  not 
neceaoary  (hr  a  party  sbMld  write  hi*  name  him  - 
•elf  to  conM.tule  a  tignatare ;  bi<  mark  is  tuili- 
cient,  though  ha  ia  able  to  write.*  A  signature 
majr  ba  mad*  by  anotlMr  party  at  th«  requeii, 
and  in  the  praaaiica  of  the  contracting  p  .rty. 
A  •ignsture  may  b«  made  liy  ■  party,  another 
iwnon  Ruidiiic  hia  hand  with  hi*  content.' 

■ILKNCB  cannot  be  conaidered  as  a  con- 
tent t«  a  contract,  except  in  ca*«*  where  the 
•ilent  penon  b  bound  in  good  faUh  to  explain 
hinnclf i  in  which  ca*«  lilMca  give*  con*eni.< 
But  no  a**«nl  will  bo  inferred  from  k  man's 
silence  anl«*a  h«  know*  hi*  rights,  and  know* 
what  he  i*  ddng,  nor  nalaa*  hi*  silence  i* 
voluntary. 

■t-Bartwwr  on  Hyatf.  p.  lyi  tea  I'aocnca:  Sar- 
•>PVAiwCo«nrT*B  Claim.    ».Act  Caagia**.  July  to, 

Sum.  Vas. 

Bouv.  IiMi.  n   mj      tV  dtiky  Cmu, 
W.     ■■>  »  ft  K,  3se;   Wlil**,i^:   1 


.  I  Chilly  l»l. 
i*.  Wau.  Ch. 


■  IMPLB  CONTRACTt   are  lho*«  iM 

evlit«n<a  of  whi.h  i*  maraly  oral  nr  in  wrIltM 
not  under  teal  n<it  •>(  ra<  iir<t  '  Hee  IntrodunliiiiS 
to  the  ««'  i«ci  •■  1  iiNraAi  I",,"  above. 

■PRCIALTIRa  are   wrMing*  tealefl  and 

dalivrrxl  ton  aining  tumia  ogiaemenl  •    .See  In- 

iroflu.  lion  to  ili«  ,.,T.|»n  "I'tNTBAt  U."  above. 

•  PRCiriCATlONI  are    the  porticulan 

and  •Irtaitt  ol  the  (•miract  al  large 

■PRLLINO  though  l«<l  will  not  avoid  a 
ciwitratl  when  It  appeon  with  certainty  what  i* 
meant.  For  aiampla,  where  a  man  agree*!  to 
pay  /Arr<y  poJifi*  he  waa  held  to  pay  ttirtf 
pound*;  and  mv/t^m  wa*  holdan  to  be  m/tm 
//»«,*  and  mmdirUatlUi  tie  MwWir.  i/aa»f.* 

•TAKBHOLDBRtmuat  deliver  the  thing 
holdall  by  them  to  the  t>er»4in  entitled  to  II,  on 
dcman^l.  It  la  frequently  quertionable  who  ia 
entitled  to  il.  In  caoe  of  an  unlawful  wager, 
although  he  may  be  iuitifieil  for  delivering  thii 
thing  to  the  winner,  by  'he  eiiiivss  or  Implied 
>  ontent  of  Ihe  l.iaer,"  yet  if  liefiire  the  event  hai 
ha|)fien«d  he  haa  lieen  rciiuired  liy  either  party 
to  give  ii|i  the  thing  de{iuailed  with  him  by  luch 
j>arty,  he  is  bound  so  to  deliver  it  j*  ijr  U.  afler 
ihe  event  hat  hapuened,  the  luting  nuty  give* 
notice  to  Ihe  i<4li«holder  not  to  |My  the  winner, 
a  iwyment  made  to  him  aflcrwarda  wilt  ha  made 
to  him  in  hit  own  wrong,  ar  '  ,  4(iy  who 

4ep«  lit;  I  the  money  or  <>  ■     h        to.ver  il 
frorp  !  »a  tiakeholder.* 
.STKANOfK.     See  CoNii  ..H,  ibav«i 

.HruATAGltM.     SeeCoNi.«A*.»titM(  VgAimi 

Mll>«llPklDI|r.NTATti)N,  ahov*. 

•TATUTB.  All  conitx^ti  m-trle  in  viola- 
tion of  a  valid  ttMuta  are  abaoiutr  ly  Vfjld  and 
of  no  eflTect. 

8UB-CONTRACTB  are  thoae  made  by 
persona  who  have  contracted  for  Ihe  fierform- 
ance  of  labor  or  tervicea  with  a  third  party  !br 
the  whole  or  part  performance  of  that  labor  or 
tenrice.*    S«e  AoKNCY ;  "Smt  AFmti,"  above. 

SUIT.  »t  i*  a  good  cause  of  abatement  at 
an  action  upon  contract  that  another  it  thoa 
pending  for  Ihe  tone  cause  and  between  ihe 
tame  parti**.^  Uat  Ihe  prior  action  muai  be 
lietween  the  (ame  parties :*  and  the  plaintiff 
mutt  tue  in  the  lane  cawxiiv.*  For  no  man 
can  use  Ihe  machinery  of  the  (aw  mer«ly  to  voa 
and  diatrras  another. 

SUNDAY.  l*bor  of  whatever  kir.d,  olbet 
than  Ihe  household  office*  of  daity  nece*sity,  or 
other  woik*  of  charity  and  ne<M**ihr,  on  the 
faM.  d*y  of  Ihe  week,  commonly  called  Sun< 
day,*  i*,  in  general,  under  penalty,  prahillted, 
but  all  penont  do  not  come  under  orohiU> 
lion.' 

If  a  contract  i*  commeticed  on  Stndny,  but 
not  completed  nntd  a  tnbaequent  day,  or  if 


<~     --  4.  IS  M.  ft  W.  414:    t  Cam,  4*1  a 


m  *m\H*myii&n  fwb  naMiiUattawip 


CONTRACTS. 


i 


it  meralx  grew  oat  of  a  trantaction  which  took 
plw:*  on  Staidav,  it  ii  not  for  tliit  reMon  void.* 
Thut,  if  a  note  ii  signed  on  Sunday,  Its  validity 
ii  not  impaired  if  it  l>e  not  delivered  on  tliat 
day>  Rut,  a  contracr  made  in  violation  of  tlie 
expreM  provixion*  of  the  Lord's  dav  Acts,  is 
void,  like  any  other  illegal  and  prohibiled  con- 
tract.* 

SURRTYSHIP.     See  title  Pavmint. 

SuRPRisr.     See  Delihehation,  above. 

TENDER.  If  the  tender  be  of  money,  it 
can  be  a  defence  only  when  made  before  Uie 
action  was  brought.)  A  tender  may  b«  mad* 
to  a  fmam/um  mtritit*  A' tender  does  not  bar 
the  aebt  as  a  payment  would,  for  in  general  he 
is  bound  to  pay  the  sum  which  he  tenders 
whenever  he  u  required  to  do  so.'  But  it  putt 
a  stop  to  accruing  damages  or  interest  for  delay 
in  payment,  and  gives  the  defendant  costs.*  It 
need  not  be  made  by  the  defendant  pers(»aUy; 
if  made  by  a  third  person,  at  his  request,  it  is 
sufficient  ;■  and  if  made  by  a  stranger  witbont 
hU  knowledge  or  request,  a  subsequent  assent 
of  the  debtor  will  operate  as  a  ratification  of  the 
agency  and  make  the  tender  good.*  Any  per- 
son may  make  a  valid  tender  for  an  idiot.'  If 
an  agent,  furnished  with  money  to  make  a  ten- 
der, at  his  own  risk  tenders  more,  it  to  good.* 
|So,  a  tender  need  not  be  made  to  a  craditor 
personally ;  but  it  must  be  made  to  an  agent 
actually  authorized  to  receive  the  money.'  If 
the  money  be  due  to  several  jointly,  it  may  be 
tendered  to  either,  but  must  be  pleaded  aa  made 
to  all.*  The  whole  sum  due  mutt  be  tendered,* 
as  the  creditor  is  not  bound  to  receive  a  part 
of  his  debt.  If  the  tender  be  for  the  whole 
debt,  it  is  valid."  If  the  obligation  be  in  the 
alternative,  one  thing  or  another,  as  the  cred- 
itor may  choose,  the  tender  should  be  of  botii. 
that  he  may  make  hb  choice.*  To  make  a  ten- 
der of  money  valid  the  money  must  be  actually 
produced  and  proffered,'  unl.ess  the  creditor 
exoresaly  or  impliedly  waives  this  production.* 
The  debtor  is  not  bound  to  count  oat  the  money, 
if  he  has  it  and  ofleis  ix.f  No  condition  must 
be  aiinexed  to  the  tender,*  which  the  creditor 
can  have  any  good  reat6n  whatever  for  object- 
■-3Fattar,n9:  i9Vl.3sl:   14^4.187;    iiAla.lls: 

3  5.  *  c.  a.  i  4  W  8^.  ofio  St.  i,.  k-M  %: 

Mj.     l-«Vt.*i9:   tfMci.  m:   4Cudi.  jn.     !•£«. 
%.  Tendwmrs  Mek.  >o6 :  •  Ea»t.  <<• :  j  Wetf.  ^iT^ 

-  ♦  "i^'lA?-  '*• '  JAW  i  »  "•  *  w.  94 ; 


l-ji , 

?PlGk.  aoi : 
Id. 


.H.    r-i 


."iftt^: 


3>3i  I 


♦  FatoOw  :^j  6m]r,'te;,  sfnai.  307 


jjiji«c[av^E£iiYr^ic 


4B.i£r.M<:  jtTiL 


•-]T, 


R.«i:'l6'8.'ftR:^.*^ 
«3:   PMUnjI:  j0. 


ing  tO!  as,  for  instancs,  that  he  tk«M  give  a 
receipt  in  full  of  all  demandt.*  TU  tender 
should  be  in  money  made  lawful  by  the  Sute 
in  which  it  is  offered.*  GenetaUy,  a  tender  ii 
valid,  and  effectual  if  made  bt  any  time  after 
the  debt  is  due ;  and  a  demand  nuide  aAer  the 
tender  if  for  more  than  the  sum  tendered,  will 
not  avoid  the  tender*  Certainlv  not,  if  the 
demand  U  for  more  than  the  real  debt,  although 
the  exccM  was  for  another  debt  truly  due.< 

Tbnobk  or  Chattku.  The  thing  ten- 
dered nuy  not  be  money,  but  some  specifk  ar- 
ticle. If  one  is  hound  to  deliver  chattels  at  a 
Quttcnlar  Hm*  and  ^art,  it  miky  not  be  enough 
if  he  hat  them  there ;  they  may  be  mbglcd 
with  othert  of  a  like  kind  which  he  to  not  to 
deliver.  Or  they  may  need  some  act  of  lepa- 
nrtion,  or  identification,  or  completion,  betoire 
tliey  coold  become  the  property  of  tlie  odier 
party.*  Generally,  if  no  time  or  place  be  spe- 
cified, the  articles  are  to  be  delivered  where 
they  are  at  the  time  of  the  contract,'  unlett  ool- 
toteral  dicnmttances  designate  a  difiereat  pbo«.i 
If  thetfaM  be  (wfd,k  but  not  the  place,  then  it  will 
be  presimed  that  the  deliverer  wat  to  farfaig  the 
artfdce  to  the  receiver  at  that  time,  and  far  that 
pnipoae  he  mutt  ^  with  the  chatteb  to  the  mi- 
denoe  of  the  receiver,'  unleu  tomethiag  in  their 
veiy  nature  or  use,  or  some  other  dmunttanoet 
of  equivalent  force,  distinctly  imjpliet  that  they 
are  to  be  left  at  some  other  placed  It  may 
happen,  from  the  cumbroutnett  of  the  chatteb 
or  Mher  drcnmaunces,  that  it  to  r^nwinahln  and 
jntt  for  tlie  deliverer  to  ascertain  ham  the  re- 
ceiver. Ions  enough  beforehand,  when  they 
ahali  be  ddivered;  and  then  hewonld  be  held 
tothtoasalegaloMigatioo.*  So,too,inmdia 
Gate,  the  receiver  would  have  a  fight  to  detig- 
mte  to  the  deliverer,  a  reaaonaUe  time  before- 
hand, a  place  of  delivery  reaaonaMy  OMmitat 
to  both  partiet,  and  the  deliverer  wnnld  be 
bomid  by  tach  direction.'  If  no  place  be  fakli- 
catod,  and  the  deliverer  to  not  in  fiudt  ia  thit, 
he  may  deliver  the  chatt«b  to  the  reoehrer,  in 
penon.  at  any  place  which  to  reatouibiy  oonve- 
nieot"  And  if  the  receiver  refaaei  or  ae^ccto 
to  appoint  any  place,  or  parpotely  vnUn  re- 

._.  'lW«^.«iy:alM.H. 


a;   fidm 

Gsse, 
Vl 

91: „ 

iD.ah.3M:    w.«r.4oi; 
ISO ;  4  Mmb.  a^4V.  B.  4P 


306.    mKikmeaa  m.  Day,  1  Isn. 
mi*U.9>;  lCu.a.i  |>Cwia.«44.    i-Wadts 

:  sR*«a9l:24lfe3i«:  jsld.  jfTs  J^TTiil 
i»  na WaBMr^40i;   4C0WM.45*;     " 

flBsrKi; 


45»o- »< 

d.  S4i  llardia,lu, 
;  SDWaad.  196:  t 

. „ ,  ttCaea.  iS:  ■  Id. <■:  so 

^«C.  jm;  i^OrMai;,isi>:,  3  WiiiM:.C. 


!»0Ue.4Stf:  3Cwli.il^' 

Lsos;  sV«t.4iOi  I , „^ 

t9Vt.s|y:  •Seott.H.  R.^Sj.    l-SWaMsfti: 


Waad. 

*»S:  s^MM.'^l  iGiMaL't;^  JPn  Vt.'6i«l  I ] , 

&M.  S«J.  fc-«»JJ«».  •«»;b.:  jf  wins  It  Serf .  SM  .• 
«»M•.J^5i  S0ry«i.i9.!  s«lb.4>i  3D«r.V!  • 
IN«ii.ft.  I.mM«.3ss2  iGm>l.m.  aa-Bmid 
w.  iSiBtr,  90  Me.  3S9. 


■itMiaitiiHaMai 


■HMI 


lat  he  ilM«Mg{v«a 
DMdi.*  TU  trader 
e  Uwfnl  by  the  State 
ienerelly,  k  trader  is 
de  dt  any  tine  after 
mand  outde  after  the 
le  turn  tendered,  m\l 
rertainlv  not,  if  the 
t«  real  debt,  although 

debt  tmly  due.* 
M.    The  thing  ten- 
bat  Kwne  specific  ar. 

deliver  chatttit  at  a 
it  may  not  be  raoogh 
liey  may  be  mingled 
I  which  he  ia  not  to 
Mi  lome  act  of  ima. 
ir  completion,  Umk 
toperty  of  the  odwr 
time  or  place  be  ipe- 

he  delivered  where 

contract/  anleia  col- 
nateadifliereBtplaoe.i 
t  the  place,  then  it  will 
'erer  was  to  fating  the 
hat  time,  and  fcr  that 
le  chatteb  to  the  rad- 
eu  lomcthiag  ia  their 
e  other  dreuMtances 
ctly  tmplia  that  tbqr 
ther  plaoc^  It  may 
mem  of  the  chatteb 
it  it  is  rwaonable  and 
iscertain  firem  then- 
rehand,  whan  they 
lenhewonldbeheld 
.*  8o,too,ini«eha 
wvc  a  right  to  dcsig- 
tsonaUe  time  before- 
easonaUy  ooBTOiiajiit 
deliverer  wnoU  be 

IfnoplaeebehMU- 
I  not  in  fimlt  ia  this, 
Is  to  the  receiver,  ia 
is  leasoaabfy  conve- 
errefaMacrBMleGts 
mrpoMly  avoioii  n- 

sWMd.«)r:01f4.|r- 

<PUi.3s«.  N-Bma* 
WMOott  •».  Dav, 

•  CMa^44.    i-, 

*M-|i;  sjelws.tqi 
4Cw«e,45«.- rOwk 

/7Biu?4nirWaM» 
■<:  M.  ■4:  Haraia.lu, 
i.jWi  aaWead.  !«•:  t 

l«r  OB  MoMUyi^ioad, 
Coaa.  It:  an.*;  m 
Ml.  »i>:sWaaM:.C 
t.  A.    t-9  WatM  ft  S. 

j4iVt.<»«:  iLaea. 
•y.w:   iK«m.laj> 

1  Watts  *S««- swt 

«•••»  »D^»«s  • 
Mol.  laa.    aa-Hovatrf 


CONTRACTS. 


"3 


reiving  notice  of  a  place,  the  deliverer  may 
appoint  any  plact,  with  a  reasonable  regard  to 
the  convenience  of  the  other  parly,  and  there 
deliver  the  articles.* 

If  the  uromise  lie  to  pay  money  at  a  certain 
time,  or  deliver  certain  chattels,  it  is  a  promise 
ir  the  alternative ;  and  the  alternative  belongs 
to  the  promisor  ;•  he  may  do  either  the  one  or 
the  other,  at  his  election ;  nor  need  he  malce  his 
election  nntil  the  time  when  the  promise  is  to 
be  performed;  but  after  that  day  has  passed 
without  election  on  his  part,  the  promisee  has 
sn  absolute  right  to  the  money,  and  may  bring 
his  action  forlt.s  A  contract  to  deliver  a  cer- 
tain quantity  of  merchandise  at  a  certain  time 
means,  of  course,  to  deliver  the  whole  then.< 

If  by  the  terms  of  the  contract  certain  spe- 
cific articles  are  to  be  delivered  at  a  cer/ain 
time  and  place  in  payment  of  an  existing  debt, 
this  contract  is  fully  discharged  and  the  debt  is 
paid,  by  a  complete  and  legal  tender  of  the  ar- 
ticles at  the  time  and  place,  although  the  prom- 
isee was  not  there  to  receive  them;  and  no 
action  can  thereafter  be  maintained  on  the  con- 
tract.' But  the  property  in  the  goods  has  passed 
to  the  creditor,  and  he  may  retain  them  as  bis 
own.» 

If  there  be  a  contract  to  deliver  wares  or 
goods  which  are  merchandise,  and  belong  to  a 
certain  trade,  this  means  warn  or  goods  of  the 
';.;nd,  fashion,  and  quality  in  common  use  in 
that  trade,  and  not  such  as  are  antiquated  and 
unsalable.* 

TBRM  is  that  space  of  time  allowed  for  the 
performance  of  a  contract,  as  if  a  builder  en- 
gage to  construct  a  house  for  yon,  you  must 
allow  a  reasonable  time  for  fuiailing  his  ennse- 
ment.*  ^ 

TRANsrORTATION.    See  Dblivuy;   Pek- 
FORMAXCK,  above. 
Tripaktitb  consist!  of  thne  parts.     See 

CONVBYANCINO. 

UHC0N8CI0NABLB  bargains  an  those 
contracto  which  no  nun  in  his  senses  not  nnder 
delusion  would  make,  on  the  one  hand,  and 
which,  on  the  other,  no  fair  and  honest  man 
Mrottid  accept.* 

UNCKkTAiNTY.    See  CERTAINTY,  above. 

Unintkllioulb  Contracts  have  no  eflTect 
irhatever.  See  CONSTRUCTION ;  ItrtBRPRiTA- 
noM,  above. 

UNLAWFUL  CONTRACTS  are  of 
two  kinds:  those  which  are  void  and  thoae 
which  are  not.    When  the  law  expressly  pio 


^t..V^  VSJ  *  V"«"i.'ni  J  Hu«pli.' 


4  Vtfitr^n  i  S  Huaph.  m  t  14 

Gnwie,as4:  t  Slwr.  sTts  sWaUa.sfai  9  y«trTi4: 
Peck.  s»:  to  Vewr. .45,  ,  iw!  «,:'  ?  Cwa.  Jtol 


*».*i«(».J.);  Coai.I%iri^  fflsiibl.ii.t  i,C 

If 


hibits  the  transaction  In  respect  of  which  the 
agreement  is  entered  into,  and  declares  it  to  be 
void,  it  is  absolutely  so."    But  when  it  is  merely 
prohibited  without  being  made  void,  although 
unlav/ful   it  is  not  void.«    See  CoNDiTiONs; 
Co>:siDKRATio« ;  Construct  ION,  above. 
Usury.    See  Interfst;  rAVMBNT 
Vw  Major.    .See  title  Accjdent. 
VOID   CONTRACTS  are  those  which 
have  no  force  or  effect  whatever. 

Wagers  upon  the  result  of  an  election  have 
always  been  considered  as  void,  as  being  con- 
trary to  sound  policy,  and  tending  to  impair  the 
punty  of  elections.'  All  wagers  are  considered 
illegal,  and  contrary  to  good  policy.*  Wagers 
as  to  the  mode  of  playing,  or  the  result  of  any 
illegal  game,  as  boxing,  wrestling,  cockfighting, 
etc.,  are  void  at  common  law.»  See  Smkr- 
HOLOER,  above. 

ypIDABLB  CONTRACTS  are  thoae 
which  have  some  force  or  effect,  but  which,  in 
consequence  of  some  inherent  quality,  may  be 
legally  annulled  or  avoided;  for  example,  a 
contract  made  by  an  infant  with  an  adult  may 
be  avoided  or  confirmed  by  the  infant  on  hb 
comiiw  of  age.  Voidable  contracts  are,  gener- 
ally, of  binding  foree  until  avoided  by  the  party 
having  the  right  to  annul  them.r 

WAIVBR.  If  after  knowledge  of  a  sup. 
poaed  fraud,  surprise,  or  misuke,  a  party  per- 
fcrms  a  contract  in  part,  he  will  he  considered  as 
having  waived  all  objection.'  One  may  renounce 
o^lwive  that  which  is  in  his  favor,  provided  it 
te  of  no  detriment  to,  or  prejudice  another's 
rights. 

Warranty.  See  Insurance  ;  Sales. 

WORDS  are  to  be  understood  in  a  proper 
or  figurative  sense,  and  they  are  used  both 
ways  in  law.  Every  one  is  required  to  use 
words  in  the  sense  they  are  generally  under- 
stood ;  for  as  speech  hu  been  given  to  man  to 
be  a  sign  of  his  thoughu  for  the  purpose  of 
commvnicating  them  to  others,  he  is  boend,  in 
IrsMng  with  them,  to  nse  such  words  or  signs 
in  the  sense  sanctioned  by  uSIim— that  is  in  the 
sense  in  which  they  themselves  understand 
them — or  else  he  deceives  them.' 
Work  and  Labor.  See  Bailments. 
o*)n«Acr  ■«■■■. 

ArtlelM  of  afreement  copsisi  ef  a  writim  memor- 
sadumordMisnasaraaagnMflMM.  They  may  nlM* 
•Wwr  to  rtal  or  pmooat  «Mal*,  or  boiKi  a3  If  In 

SUS^Wr^.^,?"^  'il  ^S!*  "?  "'»«•  •«*  that  a 
specille  paramMuios  may  ba  eirfbrMd. 

»*'%My'  yjyMWjt"-    "-'T.R.si:  i6  8:ikR 
ur:  a  Browpa (P».)  iiSi  j  4  lobaa.  4»«:  il  Id.  4i4:  „ 


Id 


.c ,, 


.ffi  M.a — ,    

-^. .  -r-' .  I  Graeoa,  t-i ;  i  La.  An 

-^9:  JLDaaa, s* :  a  Owi, nJ^'jo  Ata  j,«  . 

••:  sTliwph^,,.  ,  Harri«,.(Dtl.)sir;  i 

m»  '  M?;  ?•■  *»  O*"  St.  3iS.  Xa  Vi.  iV-  ■ 

^I'^-^  *i^4!^' *«-<^'^" 


i9|{  Watf  Ua.  Jar.  Mat  i  19a. 


'    ^ 


1  4 

n 


■V 


mm 


WWWfcWIMtaiWitfSMfcfi 


CONTRACTS. 


Vha  iMtrumciit  •heuhl  contain  i 
I.  Tta*  4ata,  which  ihouM  b*  truly  *UMd. 
•.  in*  |MM»««  •'  thf  PMtita,  .uud  cliMty  «nd 
uplleillv.  with  tbcU  kddiUon*,  for  lh«  purpoMt  of  dl(- 
MaMlM,  M  wall  M  a  dwIcnalioB  u  pwrilai  of  Um  Bim, 


S.  TkasuUwt-mattar  of  tba  eeatraet,  indudlng 
lh«  dm*,  place,  and  mora  Important  dataila  of  ih«  man- 
Bar  of  narfcrmanc*. 

4.  Tlw  eovaiwnia  to  ba  parfonaad  by  aach  party. 

>  MiooM  ba  algnad  by  tha  partiaa,  or  thair  aaaiM. 
When  tignad  by  an  afatil,  the  proper  form  U.  A.  B., 
by  his  aaant  (or  attorney)  C.  D.  (or  as  in  tha  form 
balow).* 

To  lander  an  afraaaMOt  completa,  six  ihlngi  must 
aoneur.  There  must  be :  i.  A  penon  to  contract,  i. 
A  panon  aWa  to  be  contracted  with.  3-  A  Ihinf  to  be 
tomractmifer.  4.  A  lawfii)  consideration,  j.  Ooar 
andvvpHelt  words  to  eapreas  the  agiaament:  and,  6. 
Tlu  assent  of  the  contractlaf  parties. 

OMltVaCt— llitMMiWCUMMk 

Waagraat 
That,  ttc  I  «r, 

SaharabyagrMi 
■t,«M.  iar, 

Itiabarabyagraad: 
That, ate.;  «r, 

TMa  agraaiaaBt  witnaaaath  t 
That,  ate. ;  *r. 

Know  aU  man  by  thaaa  praaanta  t 
Tkat,  Ma.  i  «w, 

Thla  acraemant,  mada  thia dajr  of ,  tM- 

twaan  A.  B.  and  C.  D.,  witnaaattb :  »r, 

A.B.,of eeantv,  flsrmar,  and  C.D.,ar  ->— 

ananty,  tradar,  liava  thla day  of ,  ag>  .>ad 

tegathar  aa  feHowa :  «r, 

Thla  Bgraamant  (cr  contract)  Ctr^lraUdlna,  ate. 


(tr  merchandise,  «r  woHi, etc.)  aatarid  into  thi 

day  of ,  by  and  batwaan  A.  B.,  of—,  < 

flrat  part,  and  C.  D.,  of—,  of  tha  aacoad  part. 


Artlctoa  of  agraamant  mada  an4  eoncluda4  (»r 

had,  ■ade.eondudad,  and  sfraed  upon)  thla day  of 

,  batwaan  A.  B.,  of  Aadty  of .  marehaat, 

MkdC  D.,of  thaeltyof .manalbetarar;  «r. 

Know  all  man  by  thaaa  ptaaaota  t  That  thia 
•noamant  («r  thaaa  artldaa  of^agraemani.  »r  thh  eoo- 
tiaet,  *r  indenture)  had,  mada,  aMar«d  Into,  eon- 

clttdM,  and  agraad  upon,  thla my  of  — — , 

A.  D.  — — ,  wttniowth;  «r> 

To  an  to  whom  thaaa  proaanta  may  eoma  great> 
log  (fr  To  all  whom  It  mayconoanDt  Know  ya  that 

Wa  agraamant,  ata..  batWaaa  tha ,  a  Mrpom- 

tion.  oalatlng  andar  am  lawa  of  tha  ttata  or 

of  wa  ftrat  part,  and  C.  D.,  B.  9.  ■"j'£^->  * 

•aid  a^  of  Tha  e!a  — ISMVfcctar^^toii? 


paay  of—,  of  tha  aaaood  part,  wll 

C*atMMt-OMMll 

Wgnad  (and  saalad).'  tr, 

Mgacd,  naiad  aad  acknewtadgoAj  «r, 

Wltnaaa  our  handa  (and  leals).  »r, 

Olvaowidaroarbanda  (and  seal*).  #r, 

la  wItMaa  wharoof,  wa  haraoato  aat  o«r  hMda, 
etc.  {  «r,. 

•■Pia«d.i«i:  Co.Utt.3S,b.  rinaMayofthaStaiH 
^  t<e.Abr.LsMii, 

1*9  Wnsat*  JM, 


lawlaaiaaboUshad.  «^Mod.ll-B«e..Mr.LaMMs, 
t.io:  snt-si*.)*!  9M*W.w.   l-$«^*at.M 


In  wItnaM  wheraef,  tha  partlaa  to  thaaa  praa. 
anta  hava  baranoto  eat  their  hands,  ate. ;  tr, 

In  witnaaa  whereof,  we  hava  haraunto  a«t  our 

handa  (and  alli«ed  our  seals)  (at  —^)  thla day 

of .  #r. 

In  witnta*  wharaof,  wa  hava  haraunto  aat  our 
handa  (*r  subscribed  our  naoMs)  tha  day  and  year 
Arat  (or  last)  above  written.  «r. 

In  witneae  whereof,  A.  B.,  the  party  of  the  Arat 
part,  and  C.  D.,  tha  party  of  tha  aecond  part,  In 
their  own  proper  peraone,have  hereunto  reepect- 
lv»<y  and  aeverally  aet  their  handa  and  aeala,  thla 

day  of («r  the  day  and  year  Irst,  ar  last; 

above  written. 

C«MitnMi— T«M£«it«M  vr  Wltaaa* 


Teatt  «r, 

Attaat;  tr, 

In  Witt 

Wl  

Ib  praaanca  of ;  ar, 

Baaaatad  (and  daUvarad)  la  praaanca  oft  er, 

Mgaad  and  latorchanged  In  preaenca  of;  er, 

•ignad,  aealed,  and  delivered  In  praaaiwa  oft  «r, 

■igaad,  aaalad,  and  acknowledged  In  praaanci 
ofi 

Sea  title  WiLia,  peal. 

CtmtMMl— CtoliOHII  P»ff«B. 

Jh>  Agmt  *r  AUtrnty  As  Fact. 
If  A.  slans  ''A.,  for  B.,"  ihb  is  the  slanalora  of  A., 
aitd  be  Is  the  oonimctliig  party,  although  ne  BMlcaa  ilia 
contract  at  tha  instance  and  lor  the  beneflt  of  B.  But 
if  he  eigne  "  B..  by  A.,"  then  it  is  the  contract  of  R., 
made  vi  bim  mrough  hla  Instrument  A.  In  the  Am 
case,  A.  is  principal ;  in  the  second,  B.  is  the  principal 
and  A.  Ma  agrnt.  Tha  nam*  of  the  principal  mnal 
a«  imh  in  the  aignature  of  a  oaed  -S  and  la 


I,  tha  word*  must  ba  sulficicnt  to  bear  that 
cooatructlon  of  tba  ainatura.l  Parol  evidence  may 
always  he  admitted  to  tnargt  an  unnanwd  ptiadpel,  but 
not  to  discharge  aa  actual  aigncrJ 

TMa  agreema«t,  mada  thla of  — — ,  A.  D. 

,  by  and  between  A.  B.,  of coiwty,  in  tha 

■taM  of .of  tha  Arat  part,  h  CD.,  kit  atltrmt 

im  Aut,  and  B.  V.,  of——  county,  in  tao  Mala  01 

,  of  the  aoaoad  part,  h  C.  H.,  kit  mtUmtf  it 

fiut,  witpcmeth, 

That  aald  party  of  the  Arat  part,  ate.  (Amw /nA 
hm  at  Ai  <Mrr  ufrttmtpti,  bttmn. 

la  witaeaa  whereof,  tha  partiaa  hava  he 
aat  tbair  haada,  tlta  day  aad  year  ftrat 
wfltlaa. 

at  *■  ■^■•¥*  'Mmmtf  As  >M(. 

afCH.jiittMtrmfbtJtm. 


AacBKTAwaafffixas.  or  LiqwMTBB  DaKAoat  aia 
smagm  wbese  aasoont  baa  baea  datenainad  by  auiel< 


ry  wtsmani  between  the  pwtle*  te  an  1 

A  attpShdoa  Ibr  HquMated  Auaatea  will  be  austalmd 
'  *  imjigei  la  the  feUewing  canea ; 

mani  la  of  each  a  asiais  that 
,  aad  are  aet  capeUe  of  hdag 


mHonidateddaaMigi 
dMdaminMVtnM 


II  A. 


U%.%ti  oM. 
Kdi^;  p  K.H.e63; 


r  wrad.  dp 


glit. 


L  fs ;  10  B,  Moa 

I  oi.  ^i :   16  I       _  

.  tn :  i%at.  IM.  &•« T.'R'  pi:  i  Ak. 
aBorr.  ~     —  .  « -, 


PalaeC 

a 


'1 


asa«  1  i«  Yea.  Cb.  4*9. 
•  Ilaa*.*e3:  yCew. 
SSaadKioat  MaeA.i3y,)M; 
aOlMSl.iif. 


7w: 


.•tat  •Mat. 
»*8.'lr! 


.y*! 


ifli'^M. 


' 


partiM  to  tiMM  pTMi 

r  htndt,  ate. ;  tr, 

liava  haniiinto  Mt  our 
)  t«i )  Oita day 


isT*  haraunto  aat  our 
Ma)  tha  day  and  yaar 

,  tha  p»ny  of  tha  tint 
>r  tha  aacoad  part,  in 
lava  haratinto  raapact- 
r  handa  aad  aaala,  thia 
'  aad  yaar  tni,  «r  bat; 

N  ttr  Wlta«M 


I  praaaaca  of;  ar, 
In  praaanca  of;  ar, 
rad  in  praaanca  oft  «r, 
twiadgad  la  praaanca 

ii,paM. 

>Mil  Vwmu 

•mtyimfkct. 
■  h  tha  sianatara  of  A., 
,  although  ha  nukaa  tha 
r  lh«  bcnafti  of  B.  But 
it  )■  the  contract  of  R., 
trtiment  A.  la  tha  <nt 
cond,  B.  it  tha  prlncipa'. 

<  of  tha  Drinctjsal  mmt 
Lira  of  a  oaad  ;*  and  hi 
a  aulBciaiit  to  baar  that 

<  Parol  avidanoa  may 
n  aanaiaad  prtadpal.  kut 
■rJ 

hia of ,A.D. 

,  of couatjrt  la  tha 

\t,h  CD..  AM  attmuig 

raniy,  in  Uia  iMMa  af 

CM.,  UtaUtrm^im 

rat  part.  ata.  (Amv/M- 

>arti4MlHiva  ha 
Aral 


A.B., 

X.  Ur  mtUrmf  M  Jtmt. 

H.,»liailfni^t$Jkif. 


fnimMttf^  irtmfk. 
tmDAiaD  D*MAoat  aw 
wa  detanalaad  hy  aalici" 
partiaa  ta  an  agi^aaVHit. 
wlllbanKialaad 


lawagii 
UMrfiif 


I  b  of  aach  a  Banna  that 
I  ara  not  capaHa  of  aaiag 

PalaaCC.  asai  iMet 
671;  a  CraMh.4|a:  r 
r.R.ia:  lAkjKR.Ii^. 
.4a9:sM.ftW.aii!| 


CONTRACTS. 


SmmJ,  Whare,  ftem  tha  lanor  of  tha  aaraanaot  or 

itdSji^iS:.''""""*  ''''^^^^  ^^'  "'«="'«««'» 

ThIa  aaraaidant,  raada  thia  day  of .  A. 

"TT'.K  !""  ?«^««"  A-  ■  .0'  ««•  town  of 
^l.lVi-*^t"*y  ?'-r  (marchaMj.  and  C.  D.. 
of  tha  town  of  1— -,  in  tha  county  of ,  (1 


m 


<*cVMtt ,  witnaaaath : 

Sm'oV^^'dln'.****"^  partrfor  tha  aSria.Vhi 

unto  MriSSr'hllTJnw'*'*-""'  "!?"«••  »'•''•  •«•«•- 
l»'f/r»WM».]  (^<IP»*)  A.B. 

ThIa  MraaiMant,  mada  thia-^day  of— .  A. 
nI2«h :    *^"  °-  '"'••'>  "'  tha'aacond  p^T  w«!  I 
■ration  barilttaftar  manUonad,  covananta  and 


t'ha'lJa'"  i^llSad!"**'  -'^— «••  ••*  -ft^.-ta 
In  witnaaa  wharoof,  ata. 

(JltTMAmw.) 
C*iitrM»-AM«tl«Ha«r>a. 

Thia  airaamant,  mada  thla day  of b^ 

•rty,  aituatad  in  — ,  to  wit  (aSf«riS».v»  tk4  /r„t. 

F^*dSiu«  J5JS?  »"'•*•»'  P""  ""«»  ••"«  ■• 

Th^  12m  A  °«*''-  »»«'«'»«^  »»o«y  tharaftw, 
aura  of  ^  dtilf™^"^  "  »"'  »^«  '••"•Inlnf 
flS/^  Zr  ??"•"•  P""*"^  monay  tharalbr  (o5 


C*a<r 

ma. 


cpvananu  and  yM~Vh;r«j;"^S7rV  c!' D.'. 
*'>*i°*j'*"  «•«  A.  B.  a  good  an^ 


**lJM.''il5;,Slllif»'*'''**«  '^•»««  P«rt.to(W, 
whi<«i.  aald  party  of  tha 


>l'tU  tkt . 
In  com 


with  aald  party 
^ '**"*'''*'*">  *f  wnisn,  aaio  nartv  of  tha 

.«hlr?.r.*i.*™*  *"*"  Wthful  parformanea  of 
each  aad  aO  the  covananta  and  acfaamania  ahava 
manv  »nd  ,j,M  partiaa  Wnd  iWSS^.Iach  to 

tnao'>    ..lathaaumof dollara. aa lia^>t>S 

damat  ja,  to  ba  paid  by  tha  fallinTpii;^  "•**' 

A.  a 

iM.  »t     ■¥••"•  AaamuToaa,  ante. 

of— .^Si^^t*^'"**'*-  »•.•>—.•"-  c  a. 


ahall  aaacula  mum  aauvar  aaia  a  ■  ■  «iu«/i  ._.< 

?h.^'r:«'i:i'si"^-'''-iS'' *"«  «i^~"'S,:f!if 
MM  h^ateil'ST''  -^^  i*^-  •-'^  •-[•»«"" 

llfidun.}  2;g- 

€rateM«-AM«l*HM|rtB. 

Whoreaa  A.  B.  haa  thia day  of baeoa.. 

PUfjhoaer  at  public  aala  of  r*i%;  /*,  /i^l  w  d 

of^~  do«a«.  tha  ''^--^^:K%^ffl 

««.y"Sh:raferri"  tii^ft^'^'iyiiJi"Ji'«'« 
««.  of  fj«  condiSSIa  (h.r.irSn?,:dnte 


--  *«mow«a 

u^  ln'"«2lLi!.'2f*'**»^»«^  •■«««««  batwaan 
"-  •».  ■••  aaa  r.  n.,  of  — .,  or  any  two  of 

«M.  ba  waA  a«d  fldthAiUy  liapta^  ob- 


-day  of 


wol 

t. 


(W.  own  axpalM,  ^  X^jSiLlf  ^  frS," 


1-e 
IN 


irr3J?*t.'%':y:%-i%a'An 


(iramfuu.}  (•ssr«««rf)     '  a",  a 

Th.a«2«aaa.f4-^««*- 
D^  hK^^-"^  "^u*"*  •'•"w  to  aald  0. 

barrala,8unaUa  for  S«5m  baarliaiSSr^S!} 
Saa  BoMta,  UNDaaT*MNGa,'paat. 

A^g-  --^^i^S^Cf — 

*'_P--r-»  Witnaaaath!  ^  •'        • 

_Th«  JL  A^^^o^jjj^,,  ^^  ^, 


It 


iii  J 


CONTRACTS. 


Moualy,  hto  Mcrat*  hMD,  •n4  tawftil  commands 
•varywhar*  abay ;  at  all  timaa  protact  aod  pra- 
aarva  tha  (ooda  and  proparty  of  tha  aald  maatar, 
and  net  auffar  or  allow  any  to  ba  Injurad  or 
waatad. 

That  aald  apprantlca  •hall  not  buy,  aall,  or  traflle 
In  hta  own  aooda,  or  tha  gooda  or  otnara.  nor  bs  ab- 
aant  Arom  tha  aald  maatar'a  aaivlea  day  or  night 
without  laava :  but  in  all  thinga  babava  aa  a  faith- 
ful apprantlca  ought  to  do,  during  aald  tarm. 

That  aa;d  maatar  shall  clotha  and  nrovida  for 
tha  aaid  apprantlca  In  slehnaaa,  and  In  haalth,  and 
aupply  (him  »r  her)  with  auffleiant  and  aultabia 
food,  ralmant,  and  lodging ;  and  ahall  uaa  and 
amploy  tha  utmoat  of  hia  andaavora  Ut  taach  or 
cauaa  aald  apprantlca  to  ba  taught  and  Inatructad 
in  tha  tiada  or  {h*rt  Mtmt*  tk*tn.i»,  ttc,  <m  aAamr). 

That  aald  maatar  ahall  cauaa  aald  apprantlca  to 
ba  taught  to  road  and  writa,  and  tha  ground  rulaa 
of  arithmatic,  tha  compound  rulaa,  and  tha  rula 
of  thraa. 

That  aaid  maatar  ahatl  at  tha  aaplratioa  of  aald 
aporantlca's  tlma  of  aarvica  giva  {bim  «r  h«r)  — 
auita  of  elothaa,  of  iba  ¥alua  of  Ibrty  dollara,  and 
dollara  In  currant  monay  of  iha  Onitad  Stataa. 

{If  tm^atf  it  tmiti  with  tk*  nMrtntkt,  hutrt  tort) 

and  tha  aald  II.  II.  achnowladaaa  racalpt  of 

dollara  with  aaid  A.  A. ,  from  ( ATi  /milur  or  mollktr, 
F.  A,),  aa  a  companaatlon  fbr  hia  iDatructlon,  aa 
■bova  mantionad. 

(Or  (f  witrti  »r*  It  it  ptMfyr  Ikt  ttrvict  ^  tht 
ttPfrtnikt.  iiutri)  and  aald  M.  M.  further  agraaa 
to  pay  aaid  A.  A.  tha  ftetlowinf  sums  of  monay, 
IS  wit:  for  tha  llrat  yaar  of  Ma  aarvica  —  doW 

larc;  for  tha  aacond  yaar  of  hia  aarvica dollars; 

for  avary  aubaaquant  yaar  until  tha  asplratloB  or 
hia  tarm  of  aarvica  —  dollara ;  which  aaid  pay- 
manta  ara  to  ba  mada  on  tha  —  day  of  —  In 
aaeh  yaar. 

And  for  tha  trua  parfbrmanca  of  all  and  singular 
tha  covanants  and  agraamanta  afbraaatd,  tha  said 
partloa  bind  thamaalvra  aach  unto  tha  other. 

In  witnaaa  wbaraof,  tha  partiso  afbraaa;  1  hava 
haraunto  sat  thair  handa  iha  day  and  yaar  Brat 
alMva  writtan. 

IS^Iurt  e»'  AJfnmttet.) 

iSumttur*  if  Mitttr, )                       — —  .— 
(SJipimittn  1/  Pmrtnt  mr  OmrMm.) 

r»Mi  mt  AauUvit  t  aiaator  «•  »•  la« 
^^^rum*  mm  Ik*  ladcaMw*. 

■tata  of , county,  aa. 

I  do  aolamsly  awaar  that  I  win  fitlthttatly  par- 
Imid  tha  dtttlaa  raqnirad  by  tha  within  ladantara 

and  onjolnad  on  ma  by  law.  M.  M . 

Subwrlbad  and  awem  to  bafsra  ma  this 

day  of ,  A.  D.  - — 

C  C,  Cbrk^ikt Cimrl, 

«r  J.  P.,  :^uUet  ^  tht  Ptmct. 

CmtMMt— I 

^  •  Ltng  fitrm. 

Thia  agraamaat,  m«da''thia -•— day  of ,  A. 

D.  — — ,  oy  and  batwaan  A.  9.  (bufldcr  or  ten- 

tractor),  of ,  of  tha  trat  part.  aiM  C  D.  (nanu- 

bcturcr «r  fimner,  «M.J,  of—,  of  the  aacoBO  part, 
witnaaasth ; 

That  CMrid  party  of  tha  flrat  put,  for  tha  omaM- 
aratlon  harainaftar  mantioMd.  caiv«a«ata  and 
agraaa  to  maha,  aract,  build,  am  Bnlaii,  in  •  good, 
anbatantlal,  and  warkmanUka  maaaart  and  la 
conformity  with  tha  plana,  drafta,  apacMcatimM, 
and  aspiaaatloiia  tharaof, wUeh  iaMt^imto aa- 
naaad  and  mada  a  part  haraof,  a  UhmOtiurimtt, 

'^.MMi«y«)<«n(4«fw 

•  cottflMri 'Mato  of 
on  or  iMfora  the  —  day  of  •>— ^  A.  O. '— > 

That  said  bnlldinc  SSiu  ba  mada,  araatad,  birilt, 
and  kniahad  oat  of  food  and  aubataatial  bm- 
tartalat  to  b«  (tonialMa  aa  fedowa,  to  wH: 

By  bald  party  of  tb»  arat  pan  {Atrt  ght  kM, 

f9tnOyt  ^Mm  ftMlttttJ/t  tic,} 

By  said  party  of  tha  aaaoad  part  («nM  M  al»«r). 

Tbat  aaaooa  aotbareaf  tlMraof  iapMonaMI 
eavarod,  aaid  party  «i  tKa  first  part  aiMA  tMat 
tkiU  taoaraaoa  oa  aaidbafldlag,  in  tha  warn  tX*-^ 
doUata,^  poHeytabalatbaiiamaaMl  Ibr  ths 
boatAt  of  aald  paftyaftiMMGoad  part,  hia  haiia, 
aMcntma,  ailiaialttratara,  ar  aaaigiia,  pamlai  ia 
— ~iorioMi,towhoai(tauqrcmw«r<>. 


iitimtit  itiut,  *r  ttk^  tmlUing,  mtmiin  tl)t  ia  (ktri 
dtttrUt  Iht  itcatMa,,  in  —jMivMf,  mata  of  —^, 


That  saah  party  to  thia  agrtemant  shall  pa* 
une-half  the  coat  of  said  insuraocs. 

In  consideration  of  which,  said  party  of  the 
iiecond  part  does  hereby  covenant,  promise,  sn  J 
iifrsa,  to  pay,  or  cause  to  be  paid,  uoto  said  pa/ty 
or  the  Arst  part,  or  hia  legal  repreaentatlvee,  the 

iium  of dollars,  in  tha  manner  following,  to 

wit :  {Htrt  tlmii  Ht  timtt,  »mtmmti,  mnd  nummtr  gf 
^ftiymtnt,  tic. ) 

And  It  la  further  agrasd  by  and  between  the 
Itartlea  to  thia  agreement  as  follows : 

Altsratlons.  Thsi  no  cImiii*  of  any  kind  (hall  Iw 
inwle  by  wid  party  of  Iha  ftrtt  pen  ««alnat  ifiid  party 
■jf  the  aacond  pan  bayond  or  in  axccas  of  thr  amn  df 

dollara  for  tha  full  paribrsianca  of  ihi»  agrecmcni, 

unlaaa  aaid  party  of  the  aacond  pan  ahall  alter  the  afn'e- 
aaid  plana,  drafki,  ipcclHcalicna,  and  cxulanailiinK.in 
which  caaa  Iha  value  of  auch  allcrallona  ahall  ba  ad(le<l 
to  the  amount  to  ba  paid  under  thia  conlraci,  or  deducted 
iherafrom,  sa  tha  caae  may  require ;  it  being  axpronly 
underalood  thai  aald  party  or  tha  aacond  part  may,  in>i* 
time  10  lima,  make  any  alleratlona  of,  10,  and  In  the 
aaid  v^MK,  drafta,  apeiaAcatlona,  and  eaplanstiona,  upon 
tha  tcrma  aforaaaia 

Arbitration.  That  the  patliei  ol  the  Ural  pan,  and 
of  the  accond  part,  ■evarally ,  raapectlvdv,  and  mutually, 
Bgrea  to  lubaiit  aach,  all,  nnd  every  deouind  between 
tfiera  hcninafter  arialng.  If  any,  concerning  the  manner 
or  performing  or  completing  the  work,  or  the  time  or 
amount  of  any  payment  to  be  made  under  thii  agree- 
ment, or  the  quantity  or  qiialliy  of  labor  or  materials, 
or  both,  to  ba  done,  fumlahed,  or  pn>vlded  under  thin 
agreement,  or  any  other  caiiac  or  matter  touching  the 
work.  raaurUla,  or  liie  dwrnagae  cuntempiatcd,  let  ionh, 
or  rarerred  to,  in  or  by  ti.ia  Hiroeaienl,  to  tha  determin- 
ation of  A.  R.,  B.  I.,  an^  T.  R..  the  award  vf  whom, 
or  any  two  of  whom,  being  mode  In  wr?ting,  and  deliv- 
ered to  aaid  partiaa  to  thia  agreement,  or  either  of  them, 


uamaga  auatainea  ay  paraonsor  propart: 
said  party  of  the  lint  part  ahall  be  aolely  reaoon 
any  fi^ury  or  damage  auauiiied  by  any  and  all 
and  peiaom,  on  property,  during  or  aufaa«|iicn 


within daya  of  the  liaae  hcreinhefjra  lied  for  the 

Imtl  completion  of  ihto  sgraameBt,  ahall  be  fnal. 

Damaga  aiiatalned  by  parsons  or  proparty.  That 

lely  reaponsible  for 
all  pervon 

_     _       luent  to  the 

progreaa  and  complelion  of  the  worka  hereby  agreed 
upon,  from  or  by  any  act  or  defaidt  of  aald  party  of  the 
flrat  part,  and  anall  be  raapoaaiblc  over  the  pany  of  the 
aacond  pan  ibr  all  coau  oad  damage*  whkJi  aaid  party 
of  the  aecond  part  may  legally  incur  by  laaaon  or  aucn 
l^ury  or  damafc ;  and  that  iiold  party  of  the  flist  part 
ahall  give  aU  uaual  requiaile  and  iiiitabla  aollcea  to  all 
panica  whoee  eauiee  or  prsmiaes  isay  or  shall  be  In  any 
way  intetestad  in  or  aflactcd  ^  iIm  performance  of  aald 
works. 

Bstrawork.  That  no  asm  work  of  any  kind  eiudl 
be  performed,  or  earn  Butetials  flimtsbed  t«  said  pany 
of  the  ihRat  part,  unleea  Aral  uulhoriaed  by  the  aald 
portv  of  the  aecoodjpart.  In  writing ;  and 

That  aald  pany  aTthe  iirat  pan,  or  htarapreeentatlTea, 
ahall  not  be  daieyed  in  the  ooaetant  pmgraaa  of  the 
work  under  thia  agraaawnt,  or  aay  or  the  extra  work 
under  the  lamc  or  counectod  iherswltb,  by  aaid  party 
of  the  aecond  pait:  and  fbr  each  and  every  day  aaid 
partyof  iheAnt  pan  diaU  be  ao  delayed,- —  addtUooal 
daya  ahall  be  aliowad  to  coaipicia  ide  work  aforaaald, 
irMB  and  alter  the  duy  heralnbefoie  appoialed  for  lis 
entire  completion,  imlaae  upoa  the  coatlngeauy  provided 
for  below  In  the  —  iMda  of  thia  I 

That  for  each  and 
ance  and  eooaplMloa  1 

work  uader  h,  after  t 

flnal  oomaletioB  of  this  agrermuni,  ibers  shaB  bs  si- 
(.Mdiaidbyi  -•  ■ 


—  artida  of  thia  agraemant. 
and  evanr  day's  daUy  in  the ) 
ion  «r  ihM  agnemant,  or  fbr  any  aatn 
it,  after  the  tloM  ncrelnbefBra  Used  for  the 


maa.    That  aald  party  tt  d>a  Ibst  pan  akali 

sad  providstt  Ms  own  CKpenaa  during  the  pr<>- 

giaas  of  lbs  work,  nndar,  and  uaul  tha  comphii  fuMI- 
'  of  this  aaasaisai,  a  tboraatfily  oompsMal  "fen- 
a  Jotyit  Is  la  atteaid  to  dMCnwalanper- 


vMon  of  aU  matlera  berdby  undenakaa  by  said  party  nf 
die  Arst  paitt  and  also  the  correct  aadasact  aatUBg, 


rocMMraaf  Contrast  T1iatifBtaaytbM4ailB( 


M 


I 


acBHtaa 


■flrMmant  ahalt  pay 
luranc*. 

b,  Mtd  party  or  tht 
y«nan(,  promlM,  >i,  J 
paid,  unto  mM  pa/ty 
I  r«prM«ntallv«*,  the 
mannar  following,  to 
itumtt,  mud  m»Hmtr  ij/ 

by  and  batwttn  tht 
(ollowa: 

ft  of  any  kind  •hkll  he 
pan  ii(Bin»r  tnld  parly 
In  taccM  of  lh«  sum  nf 
anc«  of  ilii«  agrccmciii, 
•II  ahall  alter  ili«  af<ire< 
m,  aitd  cxulanaiionf,  ill 
Icraiiona  anal)  bn  addeil 
ila  contract,  or  dtducml 
uint :  it  bring  cj>prc»ly 
I  aMond  pan  may,  froia 
tlona  of.  lo,  and  in  the 
and  uplanationa,  upon 

lai  o(  the  HrM  part,  and 
pectivelv,  and  muiually, 
•very  demand  between 

concamiiig  the  manner 
«  w;>rii,  or  the  time  or 
made  under  ihii  agree- 
1  of  labor  or  malenab, 
or  provided  under  thi» 

or  nuiiter  louching  the 
cunlempiatcd,  act  forth, 
•mem,  to  the  dctcrmln- 
..,  the  award  «f  whom, 
I*  In  writing,  and  deliv- 
ment,  or  elllicr  of  them , 
ereinncf}!*  flied  for  the 
Bi,  ahall  be  inal. 
BDaorBrepaity.  Iliai 
be  lolely  reaiiontlble  fur 

by  any  and  all  pcntmi 
t  or  lubaetllMnt  lo  the 
t  worka  hareby  agreed 
iidl  of  aald  party  of  the 
Ic  a«er  tk*  P«rty  of  the 
magea  whicli  aald  party 
Dcur  by  rial  tin  oT  autn 
I  party  of  tk«  fliat  part 
i  I'lltabla  notkaa  lo  alt 
I  may  or  (halt  ba  In  any 
lb*  pwrfcrauuwa  of  aald 

1  work  of  any  kind  ihaU 
Amltbad  Ly  aaM  party 
.aiborlMd  Sy  tba  laM 

t,  or  bhi  leprfaanlatlem, 
•Btant  pragTMa  of  the 
aay  or  iha  axuawork 
barawilb,  by  aald  party 
ch  and  avary  day  laid 
ddayed,' — addMoaal 
Icte  i|ie  wofb  afonaaid, 
tafbia  appoiatad  lor  its 
k«  coatlageacy  provided 
kla  agraaaMM. 
'a  dahy  in  tba  | 
wnantfOrfer* 


abyai 
Ndlbr 


ailra 


iciu,  ibara  aliaB  ba  a>- 
ihajMeMid  pan  t>  Mid 
bI  rcaNadMaliata,  daai- 
•hail  aiiaa  fioai  any  act 
rty  of  Ike  aaeowl  pan. 
'  ofAa  impart  aball 
tapanaa  durinc  Ina  pro" 
Btit  sba  Bpapllii  Itawl- 
itfily  opaipaMM  "(bre- 

ntabaa  by  aald  party  nf 
i«ct  aad  aaact  aanwc, 
■gaPppliarMrnouliiN 
,  to,  tin,  um  upon  tlu' 
,  and  la  eoolbnMiy  with 
,ao4«tplnBtloaa. 

hatifataayteeAirtat 


CONTRACTS. 


m 


than  and  that  aald  work  ia  aol  carried  forward  with 
■uiflcieni  raoldily  aad  ihoroughnwa,  or  thai  the  maieriah 
rumiaM,  fornraa,  aub-coniraciom,  or  work.nen  em- 
ploy«J  by  laid  oany  of  the  Aral  part,  ar*  urakilled.  In- 
compeieni.  and  Imiiacieni  lor  the  compleiiun  of  aald 
wort  wlihtn  thai  ma  and  manner  itlpulaMd  In  the  plane, 
u  hL.*'*'""**'™"'  •"^  a'planallone  aforenaid.  he 
ihall  giva  notlca  of  auch  inaufficlency  and  >lelecu  In 
progreaa,  maiprlala,  foreman,  eub-coniraciur<.  ur  work- 
men, ip  aaid  party  of  the  flrei  part ;  and  If  within 

""i  J  *J*~  *"^  Inaumciancy  and  delecta  are  not 
remedied,  then  aaid  party  of  lh«  awond  pan  may  enter 
upon  the  work,  and  tuapend  or  dlocharga  aald  party  of 
the  fim  pan,  and  all  employed  under  him,  and  carry  on 
and  crmpleu  the  work  by  ''^day'i  work,"  or  olherwlae, 
a<  aald  Pfny  may  eleci,  providing  and  auhaiituiiiw 
proper  and  auAcieni  maMriala  and  workmen:  and  the 
Mpinae  (hereof  .haU  be  chargeable  to  aald  pany  of  the 
fir.1  part  and  ba  deducted  IVom  any  »um  which  may  b« 
due  lo  hini  on  a  Anal  aaiilemeni :  aU  quealiona  arlaina 

l7nli^  ••"  arWiraiora  hminafter 

JtiS^'  JJ?*'  i'"  •""  •."y  ''•"  <*  "«"•  for  labor  or 
roalertala  aHan  eaiel  upon  the  propcny  or  eauie  of  aald 
pany  or  lh«  ^econd  part,  al  the  lime  or  iimea  when  by 
the  Wraaa  and  provitlon.  ol  thia  agrecnMrii  a  payment  la 
to  ba  mad*  by  aald  party  of  the  aecond  port"  (o  aald 
party  of  the  firat  pan.  auch  payment,  or  aiich  pan 

^hall  not  be  payable  at  the  aaid  aUpuUted  Umeorilmea 
Aotwiihelandiiw  anything  lo  ihc  coairary  In  ihia  agreal 
iMfll  <»ntained^and  that  laM  party  of  Iha  aecondpan 
»hall,  and  may  be  weU  aMurad  that  no  auch  hena  doVor 
can  attach  or  axial,  baibia  ba  ihaU  ba  liabb  to  auike 
•Ither  of  said  paymcnis.  ^^ 

.u^"i'  5^?!?*I  '•«w«k^  or  not.  at«.  That  all 
i^S*:'^'^'^  or  rafcnrad  lo  In  ill.  annexed  "A 
cificalioni  aad  axpUaatioM  arc  to  ba  exaeulad  by  aald 

/Iliatraurf  by  tha  aforaaald  plana  or  drafU:  and  that 

^rlbcd  or  raSmcd  to  in  aaid  ipedflealioaa  or  expla- 
in wiutMs  wharnor,  tha  mM  pwtiaa  iMva  hat*, 
unto  Mt  thair  haoda  wM  •Mla'^dV^  J^^ 
Urat  abov*  writtao.  ^    a  1L 

rlrfSHF*"™*  '*'  "ATWiuui  Airo  laam,  ti^.' 

ISL  i!^  '*'k"'I^  ••~*'  "P"!  •■**  ««o«u»«»d  thai 
<lwy  U  Mcb  paiawi  uMaapiuMaiy,and  that  a  laparM 
»ra»H|»d,u.  b«  .Ml.  of  aach  (im  l«4«lidTuS 

^  Bankinc.  *bout  naia  and  othir  buikUi^i  aad  lyirtt, 

Baaamant 
Bath  Room. 
rWiodaiM. 


S3.r 

Boh*.    Oiain aSplain. 

BuMtarAlMM 
Qiiiikaaya. 

CtOMtS. 

Cnpkettfds. 
I*o«d«aIwr. 
Door*.    laaidaMkloMMdt. 

VwMaa. 

FowiUdMk 


Outtam  and  Coa4MtM& 

Orading. 

Halla. 

Hardwara. 

Houaing. 

Labor. 

Lightnlng-roda. 

Locka. 

Mantala. 

our.te,''' '^'"«' •*•■'"«•  •* 

Painting. 

Partitioaa. 

Pavamanta. 

Pipm. 

Plumbing, 

Porchaa. 

Pnmlnf ."'  ""'"  *"*  ***'•*  *«»U*'H«' 

Kooma. 

••wara, 

■eraaua. 

«nbf ""''  ••"*"«•  TlaalBf . 

ihaathing. 

Spaabing  Tubaa. 

...KJ!!'*!*"    ''?••  ^"»~'.  thW.  w«IU,  craMi-walk 
■uMlvia^on  waUa,  chimnevi,  aiata^  for,  woT  ^^ 

TIHn      ''*  "    '"*''*  *°'  *****'  l>»'>^i'>«*> 

Urinaia. 

yanatlaa  Bllada. 

Vantllation. 

Walks. 

Waahaunda. 

wS?iowa. 
Itama  omittad. 

(intmuMu.)  {•%»«')       A.  Bl 

<'*i»««J^-BjillMII«». 

I^.^P''!?"!°*  witaaaaathj  ate. 

al2J'««.2:n!S'"  '"  «*•  wartd^ratloiia  haralii. 
anar  mantionad.  on  or  bafera  tha dav  of —T 

?.!S:i!f"**J"*  "P^  ftw™a.  la  a  tS»d.  a^ 

it.  anaii  aaiact  for  that  mirpoaa.  is  ba  taaMAxi  s» 
t^a^^  IS *««wia.saaaoaa', brickbyMa' 


laga.'ma«UoB«d  tn^  iSSM^MiMa.* 

yfaaanta  aad  aMaanaata  af  aaid  A.  B.  bate* 
MneUy parfermod aad  kapt. fMOiSid  tralyaS^ 
ar  aanaa  to  ka jaaid  «a  mOlur^mSltZ^ 


Itiaftinfcar 
Addltiai» 
a^rtiaM 


agfc  at%iitioiM,  ate.    Should  the  owner  at 
— '  -tt;  .™''*I  ¥"'  Pn«n>)*  of  said  buildinc  iwoueu 

rt«^e««e«wngs.W^re,«aot,th«aa«Misha6£iIda 
Bat  shall  k)  addad  to  or  doAtoad  d^a  iha  Mmmt!? 

woik  or  worka  oainad,  tha  stiM  shail  ba  vahtsd  by  •«• 


CONTRACTS. 


•emiMteai  (Mnom,  otM  idwtcd  by  Mid  owirar  and  on* 
kjr  laid  coniracior  th«  two  haWng  powtr  (o  chooaa  an 
•Mpira,  wImm*  dMiaion  (hall  fa*  b'ndmg,  cuncliHi**,  and 

Damaf  •■,  luas,  «te.  Raid  owner  •hall  nol  In  any 
■annar  b«  accpuiiublc  or  anawerabla  <»r  any  damafa 
or  loaa  thai  •hall  liai>|>«n  salil  worka  or  any  part  iharauf, 
or  10  any  ol  ilic  mmcrtnta  »r  ihiiiga  ampluyad  in  tha  pro> 
■laaa  or  completion  ufaaid  wurk  tloaa  or  damaga  by  Art 
[or  Mhar  uravoldobla  accld*iii[e«c*|Kad). 

"■         -      •  -  Should  any  clalaa 


•r  claima  Km  mada  by  any  panon  or  paiaona  (or  work 
toot,  or  mxtariah  Aim)ah*<l  for  aaid  bulldinc,  upon  the 
•mptoymrni,  oi  allaftd  cmploymani  or  purchaia  jy  aaid 
aoninclor,  and  a  ituiica  of  luch  claliB  b*  tiad,  to  craata 
■  lltn  lUKin  aaid  building  and  prtmiaca,  under  any  law 
of  ih*  Sut*,  now  ur  horaaftcr  In  furca,  (aid  at  ner  ahall 
ba  at  llbarty  to  rauin  in  hia  handt,  nut  of  any  monayi 
which  would  otbarwlaa  b«  payaUa  to  aaid  commctor, 
Ih*  amouM  of  tucb  claim  or  clalmi,  and  th*  rmaonabi* 
aaouM  of  coau  and  caiMiiaat  llkaly  to  occur  by  raaaon 
Ihaiaof.  Until  auch  cUlm  ba  lawfully  cavcallad  or  dl»- 
•hargod  (of  i«cord). 

And  aaid  coniraaor  ahall  caua*  all  liana  to  b«  Ailly 
mm)  abaotttMly  t«il*d,  oancallad,  and  diachargad,  wilh- 
oul  loaa,  aapanta,  or  damaga  to  aaid  owner,  and  without 
any  dalay  ia  tha  prograaa  of  aaid  work  a<ur«>aid :  and 
to  dalivar  over  lu  taH  owntr  th*  tarn*,  ft««  from  all 
claim*  and  damanda  whatauavtr. 

Matairlala,  labor,  at*.  Said  contractor,  at  hit  own 
coau  and  aharpaa,  thsll  provid*  all  cuatumary  and  na- 
caaaary  awtarlala  and  labor,  tcaffblding,  Irapltmaiiia, 
mould*,  modah,  tranaporutlon,  drayagt,  cartag*.  and 
all  accaaaonaa  of  avcry  d*acrip(ion  for  in*  du*  parwrm- 
anc*  of  th*  *ev«ral  *r«cuoiHi  In  taid  drawioga,  ptam, 
and  tp«ctflcalian*  aat  forth. 

Should  taid  contractor,  at  any  lima  during  tha  pm> 
gr«M  of  taid  work,  nfeit*  or  nog'.eci  to  aupply  a  tuA- 
daiKy  of  aMlariak  or  workman,  then,  upoa  thra*  day*' 
Bolka  baiag  givea,  taid  ownar  ahall  hava  powar  to  pro- 
vid* mal«nalt  ami  workmen,  and  finith  taid  work,  and 
ih*  aapana*  thaiaef  ahall  b*  deducted  from  th*  aawunc 
of  jaia  agrtaawM. 


Tha  apaelftcatloiw,  plana,  ao^  drawlnga  an  in- 
nvkd  to  eo<igpafal*,  to  that  ine  work  Mhlbtied  In  lb* 
ihtBtordrawingi,  andaol  mtntiontd  la  th**p*ciAca- 


Uoai,  or  Pit*  utrta,  art  to  bt  M*c«u*d  th*  tama  at  If 
it  wan  BMalioMd  la  tha  ipadicallnat  aad  t*i  forth  la 
Ikt  pIfBt  aad  drawiagt,  |o  tb*  iru*  iMaalng  and  iaMa- 
tton  of  taM  drawlngi  and  tptdllcatlont. 

Said  tptclflotliona,  plaaa  aad  diawliifi  thallbtitfklly 
adhtrtd  10  by  taid  conliacior,  tul^ccl  only  to  the  «>■ 
ctfiloiit  In  ihit  agrtamaat  abov*  ■i«aiioii*d. 

Shoidd  any  dltontt  arit*  napacling  lb*  ini*  oooamie- 
Man  of  taM-MMcillealiont,  plaaa,  or  drawina,  th*  tarn* 
ihall  ba  dacidcd  by  aaid  A.  T.,  or  tuck  oUmt  aKhlMct 
In  nod  itanding  at  taid  owntr  thatt  appoint  to  ov*rt** 
uia  btiildli«t,  and  bit  dadaloa  tkaUbattiaclutiva  aad 


Ht. 


It,  madia  tkia  .— -^  itajr  of - 


In  wltti 

JSarf  Art*— K 

^TWa  afraaaMiit,  madia  tkia  — "  itajr  of ,  A, 

D.  -—,  *f  and  batwaan  A.  ■.  (of ,  fcrmarj,  of 

tha  Ant  part,  and  C  D.  (of — -.bttOdir),  of  tha 
aaami4  part,  witnoaaath : 
Tha  aaid  party  of  ika  aacoii4  pwrt  acraaa  to  and 

7^}h  ****.  Wv  •'«•»••»«  tfi^  «»  w«k!».  "••t, 
bolM,  ahdftalab,  in  a  food,  attbatantoai.  ssiw»t*h- 
nMwliko  maaatr,  on  Mt  — ,  in  atraat  — -,  in -.. 
•ountr,  - — ,  ona  (brick,  tionc,  »r}nm)  IwMt. 
■graaaMa.antf  accerdini  to  tha  plan,  draft,  and 

!W**^5?»"  JJ^'?,**"?«»*  •?  A*^  •idanhatwij 
tial  matariala  («r  of  such  maitriab  at  taid  party  sf 
«h«  flm  part  amy  Ibmlth  Ui*nfcr,>,  on  or  haflMo  tha 

— —  dmr  of——,  A.  D. 

Thattto  Mid  p«rt|>  of  tha  «rat  part  amao  to  mm 

tha aum  of  — •  Mlara, aa  toltowa :  -— -Moira, 

JtoSSa  ^h«f«f '^^  "'"*"*  *^  •**•  "^ 

feraaMworhla  anah  raaaoo^la  yianttHya,  i>i5i 


I  party 


'.%l 


■t  atwh  ranaanahla  timaa  i_  _ 
and  p«it  ahaH  rannira. 


tha  othtr,  In  tha  sum  of ^allara,  aa  Uaaidalad 

damagaa,  to  b*  paid  by  th*  falling  party. 

In  witnaa*  whartof,  tha  aaid  partMa  bav*  bar*- 
unto  aat  thair  hand*,  tha  day  and  yaar  Arat  abov* 
written.  A.  B 

llt^mtutt.l  c.  d! 

C^Mtmt«*-B«IMlM«. 

St»rl  ftrm—AcrtrJIng  t»  PUut  AmutMHi. 

Thia  aaraomani,  ale. ,  wltnaaaath : 

That  A.  B..  for  tb*  conaidaratloa  h*r*laan*r 
mantlonad,  ahall,  within  th*  apae*  of  - — ,  n*it 
aftar  tha  data  btraof.  In  a  good  and  worbmanllk* 
mannar,  and  aacording  to  tha  btat  of  hIa  art  and 
ahillat— ,wall  and  aubaUntlally  build,  Aniah, 
araat,  and  aat  up  ona  dwalling  houaa,  according 
to  tha  drawiaga,  plana,  and  ■paclAaationa  h*r*- 
unto  annaaad. 

That  tha  dimanalona  of  aaid  dwalUag  ahall  b* 
aa  fbllowa ;  ithiim  Mnw). 

That  aaid  dwalling  ahall  ba  aompoaad  of  mat*, 
rl^  aa  followa  >  (tkHrmmrU  mtmuffynnd  »l  Itnrlk). 

That  all  aaid  matariab  ahaU  b*  <\irniah*d  by 
aaid— ;»r. 

That  A.  B.  ahall,  at  hIa  own  coata  and  aapanta, 

Kivida  tha  fallowiog  matariala  for  tha  conatruc- 
n  af  aaid  building  i  'giw*  Htmt). 

That  C.  D.  ahall,  at  hia  own  coata  and  aapant*, 
provid*  tlia  following  matariala  for  tha  eonatruc- 
tion  of  *ald  building :  (rm  itrmtu 

That  all  Airthar  and  other  matariala  caatomary 
and  ntctaaary  in  tha  eanatruetion  and  eomplatioo 
tharaof  ahall  ba  Airnlahad  by  and  at  th*  coata  and 
aapanta  of ■, 

That  C.  D.,  in  ooaaideralien  af  tha  pramla*a< 
ahaU  pay  aaid  A.  B.  tha  aum  of  — —  dellara,  ai 
followa  I 

FIrat  paymant.    Wh*n,  *tt. 

■aaond  paymant.    Wb*a,  *ts. 

Etc.,  etc. 

Vinal  paymant  of  th*  r*aMlning  auai  of  -^>  diil 
Ian,  In  liill  lor  att  taid  work,  what  taid  bulldiM  It  cott 
plala  for  occupancy. 

In  wltnaaa,  ata. 


CMtMWA-1 

Marf  ntm  ■  Acttrdli^  u  PUni  Ammjttd. 


U  PUtuAt.^  „ 
Ar«telaa  of  acroamant  mada  aad  aonckidod  tk* 

~T  ^'y  •'-HT''  fc^»«t' A.  B.,  of ,  aad  C.  D„ 

of ,  aa  (bllowa,  via.: 

Tha  aaid  A.  B.,  for  tha  eonoMaratlona  haraln- 
aftar  mantioaad.ciivantnta,  promiaaa  and  agrata 
^at  ha  wlU,  within  tha  apnea  ofaia  montkaliom 
the  data  haraof.  in  a  good  and  worknunUka  man- 
nar, and  acaordlac  td  hia  beat  art  and  akUI.  watt 
and  aubatnntteny  araat  and  biMId,  aat  op,  aad  An- 
lah  ona  dwattiBc  («r  tion)  houaa.  on  Int  nunbar 


atraat,  in  tha  town  of  - 


.and  In 


auch  niaca  theraon  aa  anld  C.  D.  ahaU  dtraat,  and 
naeording  to^tbo  pfauM  and  ispaclAcntiona  hara- 
nnto  annaaad* 

The  dimanatnna  of  aa'. j  hr  oae  to  ht  aa  M!!sf»a, 
vis.:  (<«p«rrMA|f  MffM). 

The  aaid  houaa  ta  bo  eempoaad  of  auch  iitona. 
brick,  and  sthar  matarliOa,  na  uld  C.  D.  dikU 
Aimiah. 

In  eonaidaratlor  whareof.aaM  C.  D.  eseannnta, 
promiaaa.  and  ngraaa,wan  a»4  ttsily  to  pay,  or 

thouannd  doflara,  in  tha  manner  fallof^ng,  via.: 
Twe  imndrad  doUara,  part  thereof  wSaa  the 
fpuMntiana  and  eailar  of^ald  baildiaf  are  cba< 

TWo' hundtad  dallafe,  part  tharaof,  Whan  the 
roof  of  aaMMMlM  la  eomplatad. 

TWO  hundred  dollara.pnrt  theraoi^  whan  aaid 
bttuding  ia  eoaloaad. 

The  remaittlni  feur  hundred  dollara  whan  jaM 
bnlldlngia fyily aomplatad  nnd  kayp thenwfda- 
tlverad  to  aaid  C.  D. 

And  far  the  true  parAtnnanea  of  all  and  aaary 

'•i?i;!SU!f;;;h.»fc^ 

_  JirMrlcSlinSifMSt  PlatttHi^. 

ThIa  agropmant,  etc.,  witaeaaath  i 

That  A.  B.,  ter  tha  aanaldaratlona  barainaftM 


wiiiwauaaa>'»»iaiiiiiinii  iiinnim  mp  i 


CONTRACTS. 


falUng  omttf. 
■Id  partUa  hav*  kar*. 
Y  and  yaar  Aral  abova 

§:S: 

•IMIii«. 

U  Plan  AmiuxHl. 

naaaathi 

ildarallon  haralMftar 

la  apaca  of ,  nan 

»o4  and  warhmanllka 
ha  baat  af  hia  an  and 
wollally  build,  Aniah, 
ling  houaa,  accordlna 
t  apaalAaatlena  hara- 

laid  dwalHiig  ahall  ba 

ta  aampoaad  of  maia- 
mlmmlefyni$4/mi/ftulh). 
ihall  b«  ftirnlahad  by 

rn  coata  and  aipanaa, 
riala  for  tha  canatt uc 

it*mu). 

vn  aoata  and  aapanta, 

riala  for  tha  conatruc- 

malartala  cvatomary 
latlOB  and  eomplatlon 
)f  and  at  iha  caata  and 

Ilea  af  tka  Bramiaaai 
im  of doUara,  ai 


lialag  Miai  of  -<»  diil 
taa  wM  buUdiag  l»  am 


U  Phuu  Anmxtd, 
la  aad  aaMhidad  Ua 
■.•of .  aadCO. 

onaldaraU*aa  karaln- 
,  9f«miaaa  and  amaa 
Ba  of  ai«  montkanam 
\A  werkmMiUiia  man- 
•at  wtMdakitt,wtn 
b«<w,aatap.aadta- 
lauaa,  sd  l*t  numbar 
town  «r  — ,  awl  la 
:.  D.  ■talldlnat.Mtd 
I  lapacticatloM  aara- 

'  OSS  to  b9  ^  ^SWili 

ipaaad  of  aocli  mmM] 
,  H  Mid  C.  D.  abkit 

a«ld  C.  D.  ssvaiuMa. 
wd^>to  Mir,  or 

BBar  feUowlag,  vtf.: 
ft  tkaraer,  wfian  tha 
UdbalMlocaraabaa- 

rt  titataof,  whaa  tba 

platad. 

h  tkarMi;  whan  aaM 

«d  deUara  whaa  nM 
and  bayn  thanaf  da- 

■nea  of  alt  and  vmn 
amaat  aAaraaaid,  add 
•atoilM  MhMrla  tba 
alybyttiaaanfiwata, 


laaaath: 

latatioiM  hartlaaltai 


«antiaiiad,  ahall,  In  a  caod,  aufllclant,  and  work- 
inanllba  manoar,  at  his  own  coal  and  eharga, 
with  aiatarlala  to  bo  furniahod  by  C.  O.,  do  and 
aarform  all  tha  work  and  worbmanahlp  balong- 
(nf  ta  tha  brlcklayar  and  plaatarar.  in  and  about 
Iha  araating  and  bulldlr.g  of  a  good  and  subatan 

tlal  dwti:ing  («r  •t..n:i  houaa,  on  lot  No. ,  on 

—  atraat,  In ,  ate. 

That  aaid  A.  •.  will  bultd  tha  aama  In  auch 
mannar,  and  with  auch  thicknaaa  of  walla, 
halght  or  atorlaa,  and  auch  ar  ao  many  lighti, 
chlmnaya,  and  convanlancaa,  and  In  auch  man- 
aar,  and  will  aaaeuta  and  parform  auch  ornaman- 
lal  work  about  aaid  building  aa  aaid  C.  O.  ahall 
diraat. 

That  aaid  A.  B.  will  uaa  hia  utmoat  car«  and 
dlllganaa  la  uatng  and  working  uu  aaid  C.  D.'a 
matarlala  for  aaid  building  to  tha  biat  and  moat 
advantaga. 

Thai  aaid  A.  ■.  will  pay  and  diacharga  aU  hia 
workman  to  ba  amployad  In  and  about  aaid  build- 
ing In  flill  and  at  tha  and  of  aach  waak  during  tha 
tima  ha  la  amployad  upon  aaid  building. 

That  aaid  A.  B.  ahall  compiaialy  flnfih  all  aaid 
work  balonging  to  Iha  brieklayar  and  plaatarar.  In 
aaid  building,  on  or  bafora  tha day  of naat. 

That  no  Dan  or  liana  for  work,  labor,  or  ma- 
tarlala ahall  atueh  or  aaiat  at  tha  completion  of 
•aid  building  againat  tha  aama. 

Thai  In  conddaration  tharafor  aaid  C.  D.  ahall 
tfay  or  cauaa  to  ba  paid  for  all  auch  work  aa  ahall 
by  aaid  A.  B.  ba  dona  or  parformad  in  and  about 
aiid  building,  tha  foUawtng  rataa : 

for  avary  thouaaiid  brkk,  by  actual  count 

\,*r  DMiuurcd  by  ciulom  of  Wiuklajran;,  laid. 

par  yard  for  avary  yard,  by  actual  n:aaaura- 

naant  of  plaatarad  aurlaca  '«r  maaaurcd  by  custom 
of  plsiisran),  ornamantal  work  aseaplad. 

doUara  in  l\iU  fer  all  ornamantal  work  to 

oa  dona  and  parformad  aa  aferaaaid. 

That  nothing  ia  to  ba  maaaurad  or  paid  fer  that 
la  not  covarad  with  piaatar. 

That  no  aatra  charga  ia  to  ba  mada  or  aUowad 
«ir  archaa,  a'.oaata,  eomara,  Ura-placaa,  Jamba, 
li'Inu,  raeaaaaa,  or  any  othar  hind  of  work  what- 
si'ar,  uaually  or  at  any  tlma  ralad  aa  aatra,  but 
tlia  whala  la  to  ba  maaaurad  actually,  aingly,  and 
<a  Ithaut  rapatition,  or  ragard  to  or  for  any  cuatom 
HI'  UMga  among  bricklayara  and  plaatarara,  or 

That  aild  C.  D.  ahall  pay  aU  aaid  monay  in  tha 
oiannar  following,  via.  \»M» H^amtmti mmddaUt 


^/ajrmtMt,  He.) 
In  Ki  ■ 


I  wl*»aaa,  ate. 


Thia 


MaltrMtjliXkMtrBSSf^, 


ii.ata..wlti 


.Ht. 


That  aaid  A.  B..  ^ihm  oooSdmtlona  hatatn- 

aftar  mapttonad,  ahall  witMa ■Matbalrom 

tha  data  haraaf.  aract.  bulM,  and  oariBlatahr  cavar 
and  Anlah  a  dwUtag-hoaaa  and  b«Jaliiata  for  aaid 

Cj  D.,  upon  lot  No.  — ••  ta atraatTCi  tha  city 

of  — -,  Mcatdiaf  to  tba  plaii  and  davatioaaat 
ferth  ia  tba  aebalnta  haraumiar  writtaa  (•>■  bar*- 
uato  aanaxad). 

That  aaid  A.  B.  ahaU  do.  poffana.  aad  asacuta. 
aU  and  aiacatar,  tha  watka  alao  oMnttoaad  la  aaid 
■ahadula,  and  aseordtag  ta  tha  bIm  aad  atavatton 
tbarata  eontalaad  ar  moatioaad. 

That  aaU  A.  9.  ahall  pravlda  auab  good,  proper, 
aad  aidleiant  matartala«f  aU  klada  wha^var, 
aa  (hatt  be  auiinbla  Itr  aroctlng  Mia  aatd  dwalUng- 
b«MMeMd  bttlMlaga  giad  eomptataV  flBlahtng 

"na*  aaid  dwalUac-hoiiaa  and  buitdiafa  ahall 
ba  •Moplatad  ta  a  goad,  aubataaiiall.  aad  work- 
maaUhe  manner  (to  tha  laUshctlon  aad  awroval  of 
S.  A.  fiwnrayor  «r  arohltact).  fer  thla  purpoaa  to  ba 
{•■tuM  by  a  wrttiag  ar  carttAeata  nndar  the 
bawd  af  aaM  •.  A. 

That  if  aaid  A.  B.  abaU  ba  guUty  af  any  data* 
wbataoaverinbaUdingand  AaiaUag  aalddwall- 
jaf4WMa.  bttildiaga.  or  warha,  then  it  ahall  he 
tawfeiler  the  a^C.  D.  to^  natka  ta  wtittag. 
at  thadaralUng-howa  ofwJtl  A.  B,,  and  altar 
daya  ftam  ao  ct'.'iag  aaid  aottea 
aad  aufleieBt'materiala, 
at  aonbar  m  f—^ 


.aaaanar— — 
I  to  pnrehaaa 
aad  aaaploy  a 


dwalling-houaa,  bulldlnga,  and  worha,  and  to  da- 
duct  and  raUln  tha  cost  of  aaid  matarlula  and 
auma  of  monay  paid  said  worktntn,  out  of  the 
monay  that  would  ba  dua  aaid  A.  B.  upon  tha 
parformanca  of  thia  aarsamant,  and  that  In  auch 
avanta  said  A.  B.  ahall  not  do  any  act  or  thing  to 
pravant,  hinder,  or  molaat  aaid  C.  D.,  or  any  par- 
son amployad  by  him,  from  ualng  aaid  matariair 
and  completing  and  flnlahing  aaid  dwalling- 
houaa,  bulldlnga,  end  worha  ir  the  manner  afore- 
said. 

That  aaid  C.  D. ,  la  conaidaratlon  of  the  premiaaa, 
and  eubject  to  the  condlUona  and  atlpulationa  in 
ihia  agreement  contained, ahall  payor  cauae  aaid 
A.  B.  to  ba  paid  tha  aum  of  --  dollara,  aa  fo^ 
Iowa,  vis.  {living  Itrmt,  Hm,  and  »iH*m»U  i/  «m4 
/•ram/ 1. 
Arbitration.  S«a  prccadlog  fonaa. 
Batra  work,  ate. 

That  la  case  said  C.  O.  •hall  direct  more  work  to  be 
done  In  sod  sboui  uid  dwailloc-houM,  bulldii^,  snd 
works  than  la  fonlslnad  In  the  whsduls  hersuiulsr 
wriiisn  (»r  hereunto  vmaiisd),  ibsn  sml  In  ituch  cue  ha 
•halt  pay  aaid  A.  B.  lo  miich  maitsy  ss  auch  extra  work 
snd  the  msicrials  used  tharain  aksn  cost  snd  aoMMiat  lo 

(not  esccading dollars). 

Omitted  work,  etc. 

That  la  case  said  C.  D.  ahall  direct  lass  work  to  be 
dona  In  and  about  aaid  dwelling- house,  buildings,  or 
works,  or  to  diminish  or  omit  ar/  work  thereon,  then 
snd  In  aw.h  case  he  ahall  deduct,  snd  asid  A.  B.  shaU 

allow,  out  of  said  sum  of dollara,  ao  much  money 

ss  the  work  so  diminished  or  omitted  shall  amount  to, 
upon  a  reasonable  snd  true  valuation  (not  execadiiur 

dolhrs). 

Workman'a  wagee  to  be  paid  by  owner. 
That  said  C.  O.  afuil, .  very  weak  duriae  the  nrognas 
of  said  buiMlngs  and  worka,  pay  and  supply  aaid  A.  8. 
with  auch  sums  of  monay  ss  shall  ba  suMcbnt  fsr  piy- 
Ing  and  dischaiging  the  workmen  aad  laboren  tat  Uiair 
labor  and  wages,  as  tha  same  shall  baeoaM  due  and  pay- 
able, not  eacecding  tha  sum  of dolbis  (in  any  one 

week  «r  month),  snd  that  said  paymaala  shall  be  ascar- 
Uincd  by  said  S.  T.  Iiy  a  csftihGala  itndsr  his  band. 

That  aaid  A.  B.  ahall  raealve  (weekly  «r  BMMhly) 
tha  aum  of — -dollara.  ' 

That  tha  remainder  of  aaid  aum  of dallara 

''fJ'^^.f:*"  ■*"'  A-  ^  "P*"  *'>•  eanpletloB  «f 
eaid  bttildiaga  and  worha  ready  Iter  uaa  and  ecca> 
paney.  the  name  to  be  aeeertalM  ~ 


In  wttaeee,  etc. 


laed  ae  afareeald. 


-■■IMlMSa4 

Thia  agreement,  etc ,  witaeeaetb  i 

That  aaid  party  of  the  Arat  part,  fer  the  caaald. 
aradan  harolaaffer  mentioned,  wilt,  ea  or  before 
***..T~  4!^,?' "•**•  eomplatehr  and  thor- 
oughly rabidld  ar  eaoao  to  be  rahtdll  the  mtUa  of 

aaid  party  of  the  eecond  part,  attuata  on  tba 

outlet  or  the Uhe.  id  the  town  of ,  with 

aueh  matorlale  and  workmen  ae  eaid  party  of  tha 
eeowid  part  ebaU  And  and  provide  fer  the  eaae. 

That  aaid  party  of  the  Arat  part  alMll  not  alaent 
hhaaatf  par  depart  fkom  the  work  and  rebuilding 
aferaMid,  without  leave  of  eaid  party  af  tte 


w.'''*L"  ^  ^V*"  •!.*'»•  •'^  P""  •ban  ahaaat 
bimeelf  without  leave.lie  ehaU  pay  eaid  party  of 

the  aecond  Ba»t dettare  far  every  day  of  auch 

ahaenee.tobededuetad  from  tha  wageabecMning 

"•"•55^  '•^•'  *•»•  *^  P««'  ••  berainaliS 
pfovlon* 

That 

oration 

the' 


That  eaid  party  af  the  eoeead  part,  la  coaeld. 

'atloa  of  tba  jpremiaeei  ehalt  pay  aaid  party  «^ 
>^a  Aiet  part,  far  afl  aueb  time  mm  he  ehanbeea» 
ployed  in  auch  work  aad  rehotldiiig  weekly,  each 
week,  the  earn  of dollMa.  and^ao.  in  propor- 
tion, fer  a  leea  time  than  a  week  \  aad  In  addtUan 

therWM  the  earn  of deUara  on  the  complatlaa 

of  aaid  work  and  rebuilding. 

In  wltaeee  whereof,  etc. 

_^.        nlMvAl^a«tfje4SSSaU. 

nia  acTMrnent.  etc.,  witneeaeth  t 

That  eaid  A.  &.  fi»r  ^  conalderatloB  berate, 
after  meatiaaad.  dun  terthwith  take  down  tSa 
dwelling-  («r  t^rt.)  kaaaa  af  aaid  C  D.,  altaatt4 
at       ',  atQ« 


11  2 


'i  I 


i«b 


CONTRACTS. 


Thai  In  lh«  place  and  ataad  tharaef  ha  will 
■laka,  tract,  baild,  and  Anlah  ona  na«*  dwalUna • 
trruon-t  baaaa  l«r  leMaMiu ).  Itorty  faat  In  widtn, 
ftlty  hat  l«  langlh,  a  aaltar  ef  carraapanding  aim, 

•ad faat  daap,  and  twa  and  ana-haif  Aartaa 

hlgli,  witk  faur  raafia  an  tka  tral  twa.  aad  twa 
raanaa  an  tba  attic  Noora. 

That  aaid  A.  B.  ahall  Snd  and  pravida  at  hia 
awB  aoata  and  thargaa,  ail  mannar  af  Mah,  Iraa, 
lath,  land,  lima,  nalb,  aand,  ahlnglaa  (tUi^),  atana. 
tin,  tllaa,  and  all  and  avarjr  athar  matarial  and 
manufaaturad  artlcia  eyatamary  ar  naaaaaary  t« 
tha  rtopur  aonatntatlan  af  tha  aama. 

That  aald  A,  B.  ahall  aiaaoaa  and  «amr  away 
■ad  dinoaa  a'  all  ruhMah  whataaavar  which 
■ball  ariaa  la  tha  aMcuttan  ar  by  vtrtua  af  tbia 
■graamaDt. 

That  aald  A.  B.  ahall,  an  t  bafara  tha day 

af ,  wall  and  aubatantlally,  and  In  a  wark- 

manllka  mannar  la  all  thinga  camplata  tba  aald 
hulMIng  raady  (ar  Immadlata  aaauaanay. 

That  iald  C.  D.  aball.  In  caaaMaratlan  tharaof, 
-»  unta  aald  A.  B.  tha  aum  af dallara,  aa 

llawa  («toMv  Itrmt,  tlmn,  »nd  mmamml  ^  puf- 


foifai 


?«  wltaaaa  wharaof,  ate. 

CMItMMt-BMlMlMC,  «» 

Tkkii>t  Dtmn  tutd  KtMkHi^. 

TbIa  agraamant,  ate.,  witnaaaath  i 

That  A.  B.,  Ite  tha  conaldaratlen  baralnallar 
mantlanad.  ahall  forthwith  taka  dawn  and  ra- 
roova  tha  dwalllng-bouaa  af  C.  O.,  altiiatad  an 

lot  Ma.  ,  In  atraat.  In  1  and  In  tba 

ataad  tharaaf  ahall,  on  ar  bafara  tha day  af 

naat,  maka,  aract,  b«lM,  and  flniah  ana  naw 

taaamant  ar  dwalUng-hoaaa,  af  tha  followlag  dl> 

manalnna,  via.  s  width  of  front ,  langth  ar 

dapth  backwarda ,  batgbt ,  of atoriaa, 

aacb bl|^  I  all  dlvUadlnto  rooma  aa  fallawa, 

-— .  Tba  Amanalona  af  tba  eallara  aball  ba  aa 
fellawa,vla.,  — -,  ate.,  ate. 

That  aaid  A.  B.  abaJl  fSimiab  at  hIa  awn  coat 
•ad  aapanaa,  all  atana,  brick,  larobar,  aand,  lima, 
Iran,  hardware,  nalla,  olla,  patota,  ilaaa,  putty, 
•nd  all  and  avarytblaa  nacaaaary  la  the  eomplat* 
araetion  aad  Anlab  afaald  building,  St  and  raady 
for  accupaney. 

That  aiOd  C.  D.,  Ib  aonaldanitlan  of  aald  build- 
lag  being  aa  made,  araetad,  built,  aad  Aalahad, 
ahall  pay  or  eauae  to  ba  paid  ante  aaid  A.  B.  fba 
aum  of  two  thouaand  doUara,  at  three  aavaral 
purnanta,  towit! 

five  baadred  doUara  thereof  at  tha  bagiOBlng 
ol^aald  werb.  ^^ 

Five  hundred  dallara  wbaa  tho  roof  af  aaid 
bulMing  la  IhiBiad  aad  covered. 

Tha  aae  tbaaaand  doUara  ranslalag,  when  tho 
whale  buUtflag  ia  eonplated  aa  albioMd. 

la  wltaeea  whereof,  ete. 

CmmHtwmtiUmm, 


Kngtmtt 


-■■IHUa*  MMI 


_^     _  vkimen/ir  StimmtJi^f,  itc. 

Thia  agrMmenlt  ale. .  wluieeeMh  t 


d  A.  U.  ahalli  for  Iho  eoaaideratloa 

hereiaaflar  meattoae4.  haild,  foaMract.  aad  ■»- 
iah,  and  aet  ia  poaitioli,  and  aeeare  eoai^ala  aad 
perfoet  ia  all  Ita  parte,  together  with  al  aftpurto* 
aaneee,  raady  for  aaa  and  aerwico.  fteniaftati  all 


aaneee,  ready  wr  aaa  ana  aerwiea,  nimiiMni  an 
nMtariala  therefor,  accerdlag  to  tho  afaaMcafloaa 
hareuato  anoaaed,  aad  ia  a  coed,  eabatantlal,  aad 
worbmaallke  aMaaer,  the  mHowiag  Mgiaea  and 
maehinery  for  anid  &  D.,  ta  tba  aaOaniraoa  and 
aadar  tba  ditoctloa  ef  tho  anportatoadant  of  aaeh 
conetnietloa,ia  eaid  epaeMeatloa  named. 

That  a«ld  eaglaea  aad  maohlaary  ahall  aewalat 
'lOf  twa  aide-levar  tow-preeaara  ataaai  matlaa  aa- 
ginta  and  four  bollare,  of  the  capteityi  dbBoa- 
•loae,  material,  end  werkmaaahip  maanoaed  ia 
the  apaelB^tiaa  hereunto  aeaaaed ;  and  with  all 
tooie,  ttatHrea,  ead  appurteaaacea  thareta  maa- 
tioaad.  or  tofaried  to,  or  properly  appertaialag  or 
heloa«ag  Uierete. 

Thai  ia  fvery  partlcalar  which  le  not  epecMcaily 
aamed  and  provided  for  la  eaid  apeeUicatioa.  aad 
•aid  aaglao  aad  beUer*.  taola,  Astuiiea,  ami  an- 
pnrtenaneoa  ahall  ha  hailt.  eeaatroctad,  and  Aiuy 
"nplatadi  tit  aacb  oMtartale,  and  ia  eueh  ntaa- 
m  every  reepert  a*  aaM  ea^erlataadeat  ehall 
Maaddlnol, 


That  aald  anglnaa,  balUra,  tooto.  flaturaa,  eni 
apputtanaacaa  ahail  b*  m«  In  pa«lilen,  aacurcd 
A  aad,  and  fully  comDlalad  la  raadlnaaa  for 

and  aarvlca,  an  bo*'/ af  tha  ataamahip ,  now 

building  for  said  C.  D.  at  .  and  la  avaty  r«- 

aoeet  ready  for  uaa  aa  or  before  the day 

That  aald  C.  D.  astail.  In  canaldaraltoo  tharmtr, 

Ky  unto  said  A.  B.  iha  aum  af dottara.  as  fel- 
we  I dollars  dpot^  the  aaaeutlaa  of  thsaa 

praeenu, dcllar*  upon,  ate. 

Bta. 

And  tba  raaidue  ef  said  aum  af dallara  so 

soon  aa  said  snginaa,  ballsra,  taale,  Haturea,  and 
appurtanancaa  are  proved  by  a  aatialbetory  trial 
to  ba  built,  «onatrL>cted,  cemplated,  Aaed,  eat  In 
poeitloo.  and  aacured  In  alt  reepecte  according  ta 
the  proviatona  of  thia  agreement. 

In  witneee,  etc. 

CMilnMt-BMlMlMc  ••*  C«tta«r«««l«ai. 

Agreement  between  A.  B.  and  C.  D^  campoaing 

tba Irm  ef  A.  B.  •  Cm.,  of ,  aad  I*.  T.  and  T 

>..  preeldeBt  aad  eeeretary  of  the Company, 

Ihot  eeid  A.  B.  ACo.  ahaU  build  far  aald  com- 
paair  oee  locamotiva  engine  and  under,  aa  hats- 
Inaflar  deecrlbed  («r  of  ib*  wbm  mud«l.  aiak«,  kind, 

■ad  dacrlpilon  as  Um now  ta  ina  al  — ~  by  ihs 

Connsnv ;  »r  of  ths  ssias  bhkIsI,  aukm,  dnwrip- 

lion,  and  RnMi  m  thai  dstcrlbsd  on  pagai and 

Indusivs,  la  s  csruln  book,  ika  tills  of  which  Is  as  Cil- 
lowt :  ),  and  deliver  tha  aama  at ,  oa  or  be- 
fore the day  of neat. 

That  aald  P.  T.  and  T.  R.  aball,  ia  ceaaidaratiaa 
diareof,  pay  uato  aaid  A.  B.  *  Co.  (by  tbs  draft  of 
P.  T.,  scesptsd  by  T.  R..  uid  paysWa  — ~  ftoa  daia, 

witk  iBisrsst),  tha  aum  of dellara. 

DascaimoM. 

■•Id  eagiae  ehall  be  conetrueted  f^m  the  mast 
approved  and  baetquaUty  ef  maurlala.aod  In  tha 
meet  perfect  eyaum  and  mannar,  and  (of  ib«  ssbm 
aradsl,  m»ks,  dsscriptioo,  and  talsh,  sic.,  as  above). 

Tba  power  aad  effcleacy  of  aaid  engine  to  ba 

wai  'aatad  •t ,  aad  aunetont  to  eorry  one 

huitdred  tone,  of  two  thoueaad  pouade  to  the 
ton,  of  empty  care  oa  aa  aacandiag  grade  aol  ea- 
ceodlag  forty  foet  to  the  mile.  wlA  a  eunro  oat 
leee  thaa  ata  hundred  fset  radiue.  at  a  epeed  aot 
eaeee«llag milee  ner  hour. 

la  wltBOM  whereof,  aald  partiee  have  hefouato 

•sail)  thk day  of—. 

A.  B^^Co.     [Smi.] 


mf.  their  baada  (aad  tsali) 


^tmii^SfrtHt,  ttt. 

Thia  agraemeat,  aMda  tUe  — —  day  of-—,  ho* 
tweea  A.  B.,  partar  of  the  tret  part,  aad  tho  eilr 
of  — — ,  party  of  tfia  OMtoad  p«t  I 

That  ate  aaid  Bc«ty  of  the  irat  paH,  for  aad  ta 
•onaMeraiiMi  of  the  aam  of  oao  JoUarto  him  la 
haad  well  aad  trahr  paid  by  aaid  dty  ef — -,  the 
rwMjM  of  which  fo  berehv  achaowledged. 
of  other  good  aad  eaticleat  loMtderattoaa,  I 
by  covoaania  aad  agreea  to  aad  wUh  eaid  pw< 
the  eecoad  part,  to  pave       etreetfros 

to atroet  with  —  pavamaat,  ta 

with  reaolattoa  of  eouacile  (aa  ordlaaaea  aadilad, 
stej  approved  (#r  pasaad)  ■— . 

That  aaM  por^  of  the  Aral  part  fhrthef  oavo- 


IpMtpof 


•aid  pa' 


lad  agna^  that  he  will  eaeeuto  aad  Aateh 
ivtafliiaoci 


I  aocordaaee  with  all  tho 


(«r  rmolMioM)  of  aaid  ci»  relating  to  paviM,  a 
.that  ha  win  MSyaad  WthfhUy  eoa^  triUi  an 


That  eaid  partv  af  the  Iret  paH 
ho  win  keoB  the  eaid  « 
order  aad  repair  for  at  le 


that  I 


•amo  ahatt  bav*  bcea 
pubite  ■••,  ead  that 


■oreov 

Jagool 

It  leaet  thro*  year*  altor  the 

•  aavod  aad  thrown  opea  for 

tho  aaid  city  of diaiib* 

•t  ao OapMaa  for  aaid^pavlag,  aaMptliW  Iho  fol> 
towiac  fiktaraeolloaa  of  •roaii>tioeto,«tor(*»r»fl 

That  •aid  party  Of  tha  SrM  part  ahan  aot  ttaM> 
firhlarigMeranthswMwtooSMr  pattlMtopavo 
•aid  atroet,  tvMwiM  toi  havtag  obMMd  tha  «a» 


I,  toote.  AaturM,  aiiA 
In  pMitlon,  tmtvn4 
In  mdinaaa  far  m* 

•tMrnahlf^ ,  na«i 

— .  *n4  la  trtty  r»- 

ImIot*  tka 4ay 

BBaMaraltoa  tharaaf, 
of  —  ^altera,  aa  fel- 
a  aaaautiaa  af  tbaaa 
IM. 

Mm  af  — —  4allara  m 
I,  taala,  Ratiirta,  and 
<f  •  aaliaAMtory  trial 
■iplata4,  Aaa^,  aat  In 
raapaata  acaartfiac  la 
nant. 

Ml   OMM<r«««l«M. 

». 

in4  C.  D^  campoalnc 
— .  aD4  9.  T.  a»<  r 
>f  tba  —  Campaay, 


I  bulM  • 

•n4  taiHlar,  m  iiara- 
law  modal,  «alM,  kind, 
■r  la  iiM  al  — —  by  tba 
I  awdal,  BuUia,  daacrip- 

onyana and 

<illa  tirwblcb  la  aabl- 
iiaa  at  — ,  oa  ar  ba- 

ball,  in  eoaatdaratiea 
ACa.  (by  tba  draft  of 
payaMa  — —  froai  data, 
dollara. 

ructad  tnm  tba  maai 
maurtato.aad  la  tba 
«aar,aa4(oftb«iai 
alab,  ate.,  a«  abova). 

Sf  aald  angiaa  to  ba 
ciaat  to  aarry  ana 
•and  poaoda  to  tba 
aadiaa  grada  aot  ai- 
la,  Willi  a  «iir«a  aot 
adlua,  at  a  ayaad  aot 
ir. 
•rtlaa  hava  baraaate 

.'.Ttrmtmrtr.   !*•'•] 

a  —  dajrer .bo. 

ft,  and  tha  eiti' 

imt  faH,  fcr  aad  la 
oaa  ionartablailB 
aoM  alqrer — -,tba 
acbaowladgad.  aad 
(onaldaratioaa,  fear*' 
BdwMiaatdpwtirof 


Biaat,  la  aaaordaaaa 
(>a  otdlaaaea  aaddid, 

M  pan  Itetbaroavo' 
111  aaaauu  aad  laiali 
lthaUtha4 


latini  to  pavtag,  aad 
taltjr  eaaiply  wlUi  att 


rat  part  alM  harakf 
I  aaid  attoottagMi 
tbraa  paara  aftar  tfM 
aad  thrawa  opaa  fcr 

I  city  of aCiabo 

If,  ajwaptlat  tha  fcW 
t  atfOatOf  ata«  (dbuvHp* 

part  ahafl  aat  tiwaa 
itkar  partlaatapava 
tagah&iBa4tlM«i«» 


CONTRACTS. 


aani,  la  «rrltla|,  af  tha  ablaf  aoaimlaalaaar  af 

hlgbwaya  (ar  oiltar  iKupar  amear.  mmming  kirn) .  nar 
ahaU  aald  aavlaar  ba  aaaimaaaad  wlikeat  a  wrtt- 

'•"  •^!L."**  "•;  :•**•  •"»•'•  •••  .  '"d  •baU  ba 

•amplalad  aa  ar  bafara  tha day  af  ■ .  aad 

ir  **••  w«rb  ta  not  aomplatad  wUiiln  tha  lima 
•paalAad,  aald  ablaf,  ata.,  la  haraby  auiharlaad  to 
annul  ibia  aaotaaai  upan  Uiraa  daya'  nollaa. 

Thai  aald  party  af  iha  Arat  pari  ahall  praparly 
•nctaaa  Iha  aald  warh,  aad  to  plaaa  aianal  llghu 
Iharcaa  at  night.  .»  — 

.2|»"»  ••' V«»y  •'  «•»•  •»o«  aart  ahall  ba  raapon- 
alMa  tor  and^pay  all  loaa  qt  Anagaa  whlahmay 
artaa  by  raaaaa  af  tha  proaaauHon  af  tha  aald 
jwb,  and  la  caiaaf  thahappanlaa  af  aaah  toaa  or 
2?'"H^'  «»»•  •«i«»nt  iharaof  ahall  ba  ralainad  by 
tha  parts*  «C  tho  aaaond  part  out  af  aay  paymant 
or jMymania  duo  ar  to  grow  dua  harauadai' 

That  aald  partvof  tha  aaaond  part,  for  and  a 
eonaMaraUan  af  iha  aovaaanu  harainbafora  mat.. 
tloaad  la  ba  dona,  ahall  pay  tha  aaid  party  af  tha 
•rat  part  for  tha  work  doao  uodar  and  In  purau- 
anaa  of  ^io  ••atraat,  la  aaaaaamani  Mlia,  mada 
out  aad  tldaad  by  tha  propar  aMaara,  at  tJi.  rata 

ar  aum  af  —  dallara  and canta  far  aach  aad 

avary  a<|aara/ard  of  aaid  pavamaal  laid  in  pur- 


■]« 


•—.,  ••••wv^Bra  ■>■  wmnt  pavamaal  laid  in  Bur> 
auaaaa  haraor,  aaaapi  fbr  tha  Inlaraaclloaa  o  r  «raaa 
alraata,  ate.,  aferaaaM,  vrhicb  ahall  ba  pal.s  for  by 
't.?'I"»5  •"  **!  ""Sf  iraaaurar,  draWti  ay  aald 

chlaf,  ale.,  at  tha  rata  of dollara  .nd-— 

caata  (or  each  aad  tytf  aquara  yard  oi  aald  In- 
'?!!!^^"  RfT^  '"  P«"»»«naa  baraof.  ha  toul 
coot  of  aald  Intoraactlana  not  to  aae*>rd  la  aay 
a»aat  tba  tnm  above  apacMlad.  ' 

^'i  V  ^'  'fT"'*''  •«|w«^y  otlpulaud  r.od 
prpvMod  by  aald  party  of  tho  aoeoa^  part.  ...at 
•aid  aaaaaameat  billa  aad  aald  warraauTahall  ba 


of  a  bliura  to  ooltoat  aald  aaaaaameat  Mile,  no 
raeauraa  aNaU  ba  bad  agalnat  aaid  party  of  the 
•aeond  part  IWr  tba  wbala  or  any  part  of  the 
amattBt^wblehtbay  have  bean  iaaaad. 

Tbai  tha  aaM  party  of  tho  Brat  part  may  oao 
*■"  'ff^'^Jf*'*  ««ty.aad  employ  ail  bar  legal 
remedlea,  by  Uaa  or  etharwiwi,  la  tha  eolleedoa 

r. Wrcrs^""* « «^  -«•'-*-  p- 

Tbia  agfaemoat  abaO  tm  bo  emiatrtiod  to  a:i«w 
PfviBI  to  bo  doBoyter  tho  liat  day  of  Decem- 
ber, or  befera  ibo  «rai  day  of  April,  Ib  aay  year. 

la  witaaaa  wbwaaf,  the  aald  party  •'  SaTrat 

.'s'a^^iiu'r''^  •-•"•^'•-^^ 

The  wordi  Aram  "Aad"  M  "bateuadar"  la tba 

■TiSsjj'a*s:5»ra5S*,:s;i'!tj'-^ 

A.  B.  [S^l] 


?%.?a[4?,;;r' 


^aragood  aSviaMila'MMidimUoa  by  ua 
ab«¥o  GgroaaMat.  npaa  the  part  of  tba  aaid  A.  B. 


■aalod  aad  daUvarad  In 


He  part  of  ^  aaid  A.  I 


TbMdaft^  ebaM  tamab  aald  ahip  «.  „  ba- 
«S.*!*'  TtAIT  •r—  aaM. 
JDS.lri^f' "5:ii?,«*«"**«**««>  «»Mtor,  ahall 


'rtatBaldamnab«nbt|«yabla(aaMtom.«MV 


ttrmi,  *tt)  w!S.;-  —  daya  after  lawMblag  aaM 

In  wlineee,  ata. 
('•■trMt-MMlMiM;^  m4  CMMtmaUM. 

Thla  agraamant,  eta.,  ivllnaeeath  i 
i.T.'i?*  •""•  *   ■•  •hell.al  hia  preaani  place  of 
building,  on  or  before  the day  af  — ^^aaal  In 

:  !.!??•  •"^'A"y?''J»"^  worlimanlUa  manner, 
build  for  aald  C.  D.  the  hull  «f  a  ahip  or  vaeeel  oV 
the  dimanalona  haralnaflar  mantionad,  far  Iha 
aum  of-; —  dollara,  end  auch  olbar  and  fViflhar 
^M  rr?  !2T.*  •'  "•^".•J'  I"  ^  "««»ulnad  and 
KlalSad  *"  maanar  barelnaftar 

Calhlna,  Anlahlng,  ate. 

e.llia.1  with  wa  I  u.mnI  ...kum  ami  All.,1 ,.,,  .,„|  (l„|Tl„5 
U.a«uh.unila  and  «..rl.mj„m.,  manner  wlih  nil  ihl„„ 
.  .  .  f  •«"?'"y.  •"■*  >>•<  •Mary  ami  uwally  mada  and 
provLUd  by  .hlpt,.ild.„  fo,  .hip,  of  ,uch  iinhan  and 
coniinicilon  at  uld  v««mI  ihall  iw. 
Daeerlptlon,  dimanalona,  meterlala,  work.  etc. 

PMU.  akrhiy  laal;  iharak.  afora  to  b.  i.'n  (Ul.  and  tha 
raka  abah  in  MillaUa  propimlom ,  iha  harpinn  lo  ||a  at 
fourlajn  fcai  forward*  ami  AAa.n  r..i  ,n ;  ,ha>iill  al  iha 
daadftal  to  ba  In  bnadlh  iwanty  eight  feci,  iha  Urih 
Iharmf  to  ba  nlnaitan  Cmi  frjm  ih«  lop  of  itia  cailina  la 
«w  lop  of  ihacovtrlng  b.,,rd  ■  ih.  »,Hara  of  th.  floo;  to 
ba  llftaan  Inchaa  on  iha  k*rl  and  *la<rtn  Inch**  al  iha  ilr- 
monk;  Iha  llmban  |„  ba  alahi  Inchaa  iquara  al  Iha  Unda 

S  •i'2!^..*^  I»nf:  Ihe  t-j.!  fot.r  feet  broad,  ilia 
pUak  IWhv  x\f  kaal  lo  tha  bind.  l..  ba  ihraa  In. :l.«  tfilcfc 
aiictpt  «v«  Mrohaa  on  aach  .Ida,  vlr  :  ihraa  on  tha  lillea 
and  l»o  iimlar  iha  binda,  which  ara  lo  ba  t<ur-ln?h 
Plank:  iha  hull  to  h.».  ihr..  bimi..  .«:h  Unlnihi 
djwp  and  Mvan  inch*,  ihiek .  ona  Mroka  Immadlauly 

Iha  channel  bind,  lo  b.  two  and  a-hall'-inch  pUak :  m 

«  .k^t?'***  "'  '^M*  »«'"•,  •ocapiliy  Ihraa  .irok*. 
SL V^«  te  k".  VI^  ''*"•  *«"''»«»'  P^»S  .  ill  ih.  call, 
ing  rrorn  iha  ho  d  beam,  to  ih«  uppar  deck  U  in.  to  ba 
two  and  ona-hair  Inch  plunk,  •xctpilng  ona  kma  plank 
uj^lhamaln  deck  ba.™  which  i.  To  ba  f^|£h„ 
thtek;  lobacaiiad  (bra  aiid  aft  wlih  two  and  ona  half- 
taeh  plank  and  abova  iha  Hnda  brwanl  with  iwo-inch 
tr\iy  ^  "**  fo»r-l«eh  plank  to  ba  bolted  to  the 

and  froai  ibanea  lo  ba  two  and  one-balf^lnch  plank  "to 
have  «i«cknl  niaabar  of  auin  deck  beam*  Mo  ha " 

ba  Wd  with  Norwa.  daah  two  Inchaa  thick  ;  tha  doora 

Auli    i!!:!  "I^"".^"'  •*  '*»  •^  •biK-lnch  pbnkT 
the  bud  of  MM  voaal.  aacapt  tha  Norway  deal  pianSt 

of  Eagiiah  growth.,  wcli  ^HOMned  and  dried,  and  In 
iMa  for  -' 


for  Iha  purpaaaa  lo  which 
-.  and  of  the 


every  raapaci  At  and  «ilu 
theuaM  .hall  be  applied. 

The  ircnulea  diall  be  purchaead  al 
b«MituaUty. 

Said  aoaeal  ibalt  hava  a  wimHaae.  caeelan  eaihmd. 
^ddar,  urf  tiUar,  .«  of  good.  »„M^T^  ^feSSd* 
ofajli.a«deooa*ruellon«tl!>r«Kh».«il.    •"*~'«' 

|>M  vaaael  ihaO  have  (bunaan  gun  porta. 

iiaX''S«2f*t,M  A-  "tt^'' '"  «»~W««»«oB  thereof, 
SSLt^.i^'''  ^  ?•••"  J*.?  •«^»tloB  of  theea 
proaaata,  tba  aum  of—  tfoUara.  and  the  further 

duriiSIr'  JS:  £2lL'/^^il2!!l?^»  ««•  to  time, 


COHTRACM 


% 
is 


•kail  (teMi  •liatg«4  wllli  •■i4  k«  •  M«ur<ly  ■■!• 
Mil4  C.  O.  fur  ih*  tMin  uf  -  dvllara,  pai4  an  tM 
«««c<illon  sf  th«M  ufcMnts,  and  fur  auch  lufthar 
and  olhar  auma  of  monay  paid  \a  a«ld  A.  II.,  In 
puraHanca  of  thlaaaraamanl. 

That  aald  hull  ahili  not  ba  or  baaama  llaMa  »r 
aubjaal  la  Iha  canlraala,  dabia,  at  (naaiamaala, 
ar  alharwiaa  affkclad  by  any  act  ol  aaid  A.  B.,  uf 
hia  lagal  rapraaanuilvaa,  ta  iha  pr«iiMllaa  or  aald 
C  0- 

That  aald  A.  ■.  ahall,  aftaf  Mid  vaaaal  la  maorad 
and  dallvarad  In  aafaty  In  aatd  poft  t*r  hMix-r  ,  by 
•oma  t'"M'  ■"•••umani  In  writing,  aaalan  Iha 
aama,  naafrem  all  Incambrancaa.To  aald X.  O 
at  hIa  ra4uaal  and  coala  and  chai gaa 

In  wllnaaa,  ala. 

C«a»MMH|— BalMlM  »«4  ('•Mrtr«i«*(«H. 

r»  »*U i»mrf,7m  <i  ya.JU  »r  SA<^ 

Thia  aaratmanl.ala.,  wllnaaaathi 

Tha;  ^.  ■.,  B.  ^,,0.  H.,and  I.  K.  ahall  aaah 
hald  Iha  aavaral  parM  or  a  naw  ablp  by  ikain 
r*«pactlv«lv   aubaartbad    haraundar,    of    a    naw 

yacht  (tr  .hip,  lu  b«  <*IU<I ),  ol  tha   burlhan 

ar  — -  tona  burthan,  or  Iharaabaai,  Cai  tha  bulld- 
Inm  ot  whUk  A.  3.  haa  aanlraatad  with  C.  D., 

Thal^aah  of  aald  Arat-namad  parllaa  ao  halding 
aald  parta  ahall  pay  hIa  raapaallva  full  prapar- 
tlana4  pan  of  tha  monay  t*  ba  paid  ror  tha  build- 
ing ar  aald  vaaaal,  at  tha  tima  and  tlm»a  tha 
aama  ahall  baeama  dua  by  tha  contract  raapasting 
ihaaama.  r         m 

That  aald  C.  r.  ahall,  whan  aald  vaaaal  la  «•«• 
plalad  and  dallvarad,  ba  maater  Iharaaf. 

That  tha  cbarga  ofaulaat  and  Atllng  aald  vaaaal 
for  aarvtaa  ahall  ba  paid  by  aald  Arat-namad  par- 
tlaa,  la  auah  praportlan  aa  tha  malorlty  of  tka 
awnara  Iharaof  aMU  agraa. 

In  witaaaa,  ata. 

«>mtHkmm€~mmt¥Umt  mw  (!*Mi«vti«tlMi. 

ThIa  agraamanl,  ata.,  witaaaaath  i 

That  aald  A.  ■.  ahall  build,  aonatruct,  and  aaai- 
•lau  a  ataamahlp,  af  tha  dlmaaaiana  and  ma> 
Hrlala  mantloaad  la  tha  aMalAaatlaoa  haratinto 
annaaad,  and  In  aU  partlaulara  aaafbrm  ta  aaM 
apacMcatlana  and  dlraaUooa  by  tha  auparlntaad 
aat  of  aiuih  btilldlng  liarala  -' ^- 


aat  oi  ai<an  MiMing  iiarMa  aaiMad.fbr  tha  twn 
•r  — -  dellara.  to  ba  paMI  aa  haralaanar  taaii- 
titinad. 

That  aaM  A.  B.  ahall  fkir nlah  alt  tha  matariaia 
far  aaM  Maaatahip  aceMr4lng  ta  aaM  apaaltaa- 
tloaa.  aaving  and  aaaaptlBg  aaly  aaah  aa  by  tfco 
aapraaa  tarma  of  mM  apaalAaatlana  aro  to  ba 
ftiraiahad  by  aaM  C.  D. 


That  B.  T.  ahaU  ba  awariaiMMMit  of  tha  bviM. 
lagaad  aanatntMlMi  ofaaM  alaaiMalito. 
That  tka  whote  of  aaM  vaaaal  ak«n  bt  boUt. 


•*"!K?*'^*.*"t '?•*'**  •'  matarlalo  ml  Ika  baot 
quaUlir,  and  In  tha  boat,  noat  daraMa,  and  wort- 
MBDUha  maanar. 

Thdt  aaldataamahip  aii«ll  ba  baUt,  eanaferaatatf, 
*"**JSSJ^^^  •#  aaah^mirtaHala,  an4  In^SSi 
praportfoaa  af  eacb,  «M  la  aiKk  mannaf,  In  aU 

rauMtaaa  aaM  aapattotMdaat  ahall  diraat. 
J&.*.?**  Mtaaiahl.  ahaU  ba  laaaeliad  aa  or 
bafora  tha  - —  day  m  — •  iMat.  aarf  thanuami 
ptaaad  at  tfcc  nJSmi  m»A  JS&^4SSmSSh 

aald  auparlritamfaat.  at .  fcr  «ha  »unMMaof 

raealving  hM  aaaiaaa  aa«  maaht^rSSTiSiall 
tharaaftar  ba  fblly  complotad  aaaMMM  Mrfd 

T^at  la  MMMMnUtoa  tharoof  mM  C.  D.  Aall 
pay  ta  aald  A.  B.  tta  aam  af  -— d^tara,  1^ 
"aU«anta,Mthtm;tortal  i.  dalWanSaSS wih 
pragraaaaa,  aa  nnawai 

imITiS  '"VifXr*"*  •* *«M^^whafi  «ka  baal 

-—  Uiaiaalter  In  tha  aaHia  prooartlan  to  tha 
whola  amawit  w  ba  paM,  wh1c?ttTa«^k danl 
and  OMtarlate  4all««S^kI^|  baaT to  iSm  -Htota 

y-?^yi.?^y|;i;fy^  *»  tC  SCrtK?. 

Id  witaaaa.  ata. 
CtMMrMt-aafMlMr  IMMI 

Arttelaa  of  agraatMot.  oiada  kjd  aoBatadad 


Ihla  —  day  af ,  A,  D. ,  by  aad  batw««a 

thar.  M.  R.Ca.,of  tha  Arat  pa«t.aad  A.  a  *C«  , 
af  Iha  aa«an4  part,  witaaaaatfc  i 

That  raf  and  in  «aaatda*aliaa  af  Ika  aavanania 
and  paym<n*«  <i<«««na(taf  maaUanad  la  ba  mad* 
and  pf  r»t»f  by  Iha  aaM  party  af  tha  aatond 
part,  Iha  »mM  -ty  af  Iha  AnM  part  da«h  ticrtby 
cevanant  and  .  <•  to  aoaiptata  la  Iha  moat  aub- 
•lanltat  and  w^.  kmanltba  maaaar,  la  Iha  aalU- 
raatlan  and  aaaapiaiwa  of  Iha  aaglaaar  M  aald 
camaany : 

Alibrldfaa,  ata.,  ata. 

All  buildtnga,  ata.,  ata. 

All  gradtag,  maaaary,  ata.,  ata. 

Btc.ata. 

Tha  aaM  warh  la  ba  kalakad  aa  daaarlbad  la 
tha  Ibllawlag  apaalAaatloaa,  aad  agraaably  la  iha 
diraalloaa  raaalvad  Aram  tha  aaM  aaglnaaf  ar  hta 
aaalataata,  aa  or  bataaa  tka day  af  — , 

itm  mcATtoHa  aoa  OaAanio. 

I  Undar  lliU  liaad  vlll  bo  lacludad  all  tucavaiiatu 
and  tmbanlinMaM  rauutrod  fer  ika  li»ma«l««  ■>(  iha 
niail  bad ;  culling  all  dluhaa  a,-  drmlm  ahoui  i»  coniigu 
iitM  i<i  ih«  road  i  iha  (MindaOona  of  aalvana  aad  bruIgM, 
or  wklla  :  ih«  ancavailiMM  aad  amkanlitaaMai  ntrnnry 
fur  ncamtrurilng  uimiMlia  or  cenuaon  madt,  la  caxt 
whara  iKay  ar*  Jaairayad  ar  InlaiArad  wilh  la  iha  rorma- 
lion  of  ika  rallroati ;  aad  all  alkar  aacavatluoa  or  aai- 
bunkmania  conaaciad  atllh,  ur  iartdani  la,  iha  coaairuc- 
llun  of  aald  railroad. 

»  All  cuiiiaga  ahall  ba  nMaaurvd  In  tha  aacavailoni, 
and  aailmaiad  by  iha  cabia  yanl.  undar  iha  (bltawini 
hMda.  «lf    Mrr4.  /fft  ntt.  tHd-rwtt.fmtmmkmtmi 

Bartk  arlll  Includa  elay,  mwI.  laani,  gravel,  aad  all 
pikar  aanhy  aialiar.  or  earth  cuiMalalnglanaa  alona,  or 
boaldan  Intarmiaati,  which  d<i  net  aaoaad  la  alaa  ihtaa 


L«aaaraahthaUlnchida  all  aMMM  aad  dalaehad  rack 
lying  la  laparai*  and  coMiguoua  maaaaa  cnmainlM  not 
ovar  aaa  «uMc  yard ;  alao.  all  alaia  or  mhar  r-wS  ihai 
can  ba  qaarrlad  wllhaai  blaaU^,  alih-<««h  blaaling  may 
ba  ocaaalJnally  raaartad  in. 

BalM  raab  iachida  aU  mdi  occurring  (n  aiaaaaa  *%. 
caaAag  ana  cubM  yard  which  cannot  ba  raaiovad  with- 
aai  Waailng, 

].  Earth,  gravel,  and  olhar  aialarlal  lahan  iVom  asea- 
Vif^^'i!^  •iff'  •*«'»l««*'aaiad  by  ihaaaglaaart 
ahall  lMj*|MMil«4  In  tha  a^Jaaaal  amkanhaMHNriRa  coat 
afraauwing  which,  whan  Iha  haid  la  aoi  aiaiB  thm . 


1^,  WW  oa  lacaoaa  la  I 

aU  malarial  aaeaaaarlly  pa 

and  dvpoaltad  la  Aa  aaii 

aMbapkaianl  oaly,  bai  all 

from  wllhin  iha  llaa  af  iL.  ._...,^,  »._  _„ 

••»" -r-  *«.  iHB  ba  paM  fer  aa  aaeavMloa  aa 

amhanknaal.    In  BnMur«r«  aMMrlala  fer  aart 

«^«"  •^«h««  Iha  Ifaa  af  iwU,  iha  alaea  wffi  I 

naiad  by  tha  angfaiaar  m  eharga  of  tka  work,  ai 


ba  iadadad  ta  ...  , . 

f  ptaaarad  Aoai  adibaal  tka  mad, 

taibanhaiaaii  wM  ba  paM  Amt  aa 

.J  aWaiaiailal  aacasiarily  Drsoursil 

'Z  •—  .L'T  "•  •"•  'alliaod,  and  haalad  «Mra 

Hat,  vH  ba  paM  fer  aa  aaeavailaa  and  alaa  aa 

mmt        Iw  ■  —    -      ■    *     M k. t 


cavaliBg 


by  tha  angfaiaer  m  eharga  of  tha  work,  and  In  aa- 
Bg  aad  raaaarlag  It  cara  mmH  ba  lakan  to  li^ina 

V  Iha  kmd  aa  llltia  aa  poMlMa. 

iiabaafcaani  abaM  ba  lhnB.<d  In  kvaia  af  tach 


or  ^'S[iP"v  I'M  ]f<i»*  aa  lll«a.aa/«MlMa. 

daMh,  and  »„  -__»..  ..^ 
"uchaiaiMiar.  aa  iha  an^Mar 


T'   --n  •miiaiiiiaiiii  awn  aa  mna 
daMh,  and  tha  iMlanalt  dtapwad 


I  lnnB.<d  In  lavaia  af  tai 
VomA  and  dmrlhutad 
■ay  iflrac*.  with  iha  i 


quIradT^oawiea  fcr  aatdlna.     Malarial  nacMarlly 
ili«r  ahaf  ba  i«|Ml  ta  wldaalM  I' 
vieiaky  art 


waaaad  A«a  Iha  cnnliup  ahaf  ta  laad  ta  wldaalMiba 

•"^i!;aL'  **  ?  ^1»^w<  l»^  vhnakyaFiha 
road  jmordbig  lo  iha  diiactlana  of  dia  anglaaw. 

r  1'lia  graaMl  to  JM  oeeoplad  by  tha  aacavariaaa  aad 
aahMkamti,  ugMW  artth  a  aoaea  of  Mvlaa  fi«  " 
y.°*^*^'^ '*»!'«»  «•  •«»  aWa,  or  tan  feat  bay 


be. 

!i"J"^  *Wl  arhara  onaltraauliad.ihaJI  ba^iad 
■f ■«'!'««. WiiA.aalaiharpaiMMUaBMMr.  Whara 
Iha  iniBg  daaa  nat  aaaaad  Mo  aad  a  balffeMriha  lfaa% 
MUap  mum  ba  grahbad;  bat  mimiA 


cliatad 
Whara 

■aaa;  am  BarfwM 

~~~  r^^— .  ...  _  .»i.....i...i,,  It  will  ba  MWiilaai 
<h«l^^<Ml^  to  ikaaanh:  ao  aaparata  a» 


.•^3 


diarfa  of  tha  work,  ihaa 


ky   iIm   lagjwaif  ta 
MthaaMaoTlliafaad, 


"tpnanrrockaxcavaiadaadldapaailad 
arfih  alt  ilartMT  raawaad  feoF  ~  " 
be  oonaidetad  Iha  propatty 


w<  dapaailad  aa  abava,  laaNMr 
Boat  Iha  Haaaf  ikMwTwa 
■ty  ofdM  Mtf  oaiMMf,aa4 


— ,  k|r  fiU  k«H*f«a 
M*t<«*4  A.  ».  AC*  , 

•Ml  af  Um  ••vanania 
iMiltoatMl  M  Im  miM* 
parly  af  lh«  M«an<i 
lirM  part  4a«ti  h«f*ky 
ilau  ia  Ui«  moat  aub 
maanat,  la  llt«  aati* 
Um  aaclaaar  al  aata 


Mi«4  aa  tfaaarikaii  la 
aiMl  af  raaaMy  la  ih* 
I  aaM  aMfftaaar  ar  hia 
—  4a>  af-— . 

•  OaikMHO. 

•durtal  all  tteaMiioiM 
r  iha  fofmauan  ■>(  ih« 
draim  ahoii  ur  comtgu 
of  Mlvaiu  aail  liritlgn, 
mbaahnaNW  nnm»*ty 
laaiMoa  riMMia,  la  caMt 
4mt4  vlik  la  iIm  bnaa- 
har  aacavatiaaa  or  tn- 
i^ldaal  la,  iki  caaairac- 

iml  In  ika  aaeavailom, 
rri.  undar  ika  Mawlng 
tM-r^*»,  tmtmmtmtml 
I.  ktam,  anvel,  and  all 
malaiag lanaa  Moaa,  or 
nM  «KMa4  la  ilia  ikraa 

•onaaari  daladiad  rock 
wianai  conulnlaa  not 
ilaia  or  othar  rocli  thai 
,  ahh-'ugti  bfauilnf  aiay 


Bcciwring  In  »■«««»  »*• 
anal  ba  rtaiovad  «lfh> 

ilaHal  Mkaa  from  *»€•• 
IrtaMd  byriiaaaaiaaat) 
I  awWwIiaial,  Uia  caal 
il  h  aoi  iMra  tban  — 


*aai  iHilnal  Aa  mad, 
MMiwM  ba  flMtwaa 
■i  aacatarily  Dfsourwt 
raid,  and  ImmM  laaia 
amavatlea  ami  alM  aa 
MHah  fcr  atakaalnnat 
ba  ainea  wKt  ba  dMig. 
at  IM  work,  and  la  aa- 
mut  ba  lakan  la  i^haa 
^aaaibi*. 

Tntju  In  iavaia  oi  aaca 
•ad  and  dNwAaMd  la 
■y  iflraci,  w4lb  ifca  ra- 
Matartal  naaiaaiity 
It  wad  la  a^daalag  iba 
la  na  irMaky  ar  tha 
aTdiai 


by  iha  amaMtkHW  t 
Moa  of  iiFalaa  M  bt- 
Ua,  or  laa  Ibai  bayoad 
niliad,  ihaU  badniad 
■baUaaiaiHr.  Whata 
id  a  balf  Ibal,  iba  naw, 
pabbad;  bat  a^ratt 

Ik:  aa  aayaiaia  illw- 
:  aad  •HwMaj  bm  ha 


fcr  aacaaaUea. 

bf  iht  laglnwr  hi 
an  Iha  iMa  ofOM  rurf, 
■aybadMl|MMd,aiiy 
ivaia.-  aad  H,  w  aa  da- 
I  I  ■Mill  I  (a*  anbank- 
afHaiwlMt  albo  aia- 
aira  ba  iBaaad.  M 
■Mad  aa  abaoa,  MBMMr 
•  UaaanbatM^wa 

M  MM  OMMMV   m4 


CONTHAcni. 


m 


iba  c*H«ra«taMa  aiyaa  ^ 
tauwMMa  Km   Im   Mfcha* 


till 

•rvi 


•dlbaM> 

iMnfl  uMtt  raatand  by  wid 
'""•i>a«r.  <M  uaall  tJia  o.mIi  Iwntin  cuMra«Md  «M  la 
R<ii*k«l 

;  !»>•  Una  nt  nwd,  or  iIm  f  •(.llama.  m*r  ha  chanted 
.(  iha  •nginwr  (hall   .  iinaliUr  tiwh  thaiia*  •>««a«Mry  B» 

•  it«ll«»t  ,  ami  U>t  any  i  .iiHitlarabla  aJ(aia<i<>«a  iIm  In- 
lunr  ur  a'lvamafla  )-•  ika  cuniracHtr  •III  W  aailmalad 

•  »«  auch  allimanca  ur  ilailiM  ihm  aiada  In  iHa  (wlcaa  aa 
ika  anginaaf  niry  daain  Juai  anil  a<|ul««Ma  .  bui  mi  >lalin 
M  an  Imraaaa  In  itrlcaa  -.f  amaaailmi  ..r  amlMnkmam 
iin  Ika  pan  .rf  ih*  >»ntra<  uir  alll  W  all»w«<l  .«  .nnald 
araj  uHlaaa  matla  In  wriiiiig  faakwo  iha  work,  mi  ikai 
|Mrt  <i<  Iha  u<lli>n  ohara  il>«  allaraliun  haa  baan  nmila, 
•haJI  haaa  h««n  coaimamail  |ha  anglnaar  majr  akii. 
,nt  Iha  i.a«diil<ina  laai  lacliail,  Incraaaa  «r  itiminiah  iha 
ixnaih  ur  aiiir  Mcilun  for  iha  |mr|Hiaa  of  mora  naarly 
'i(iMlltlng  at  baJaacIng  iha  aauivallona  and  aaibaak- 
atania. 

»  Whaaava*  iba  iumm  at  ika  rall«Ba<|  H  ira*ar«ad  by 
pilMk  or  ^vaia  naufc,  tiimniu<lluua  aaaaing  |ilaua 
iiiiMl  ba  kafi  inaa  ami  m  aula  i.aniiliMn  for  ua«  ami  In 
iwaalng  ikrouab  hraia  tha  luniraaior  mual  akra  kaaa  up 
h  (aniMiary  »aaat  aa  aiay  ba  aacatauy  fct  lb*  pr<». 
allon  or  Uia  cmw, 

»  No  charM  •K«||  ha  uuila  by  ika  conirarlor  Ibr  kla- 
drancaa  «r  daiay  fniB  any  raua*  In  iha  |>rncr«M  ti/  any 
noriiun  ol  iha  work  In  ihit  coniracl  but  II  may  anilila 
hl«  lu  an  •aiaiMlull  at  lima  alliiarail  for  i<inp|«i|ng  ihia 
«»«k,  auAliaBI  to  cani|Nn«iia  for  iha  datanilon,  In  ba 
•lalaraiiaad  S«  tha  antlaaar.  proaldarf  h*  ikall  (iva  ik* 
•nglnaar  In  ckar«i  ImaiadiaM  aotlca  la  wriilng  ol  ika 
catu*  of  iba  dalMMkMi 

Nor  iball  any  etaiim  be  »l!aw«!  ftw  tatra  aptsrk  aalia* 
iba  aa«a  akall  ba  doaa  In  purwanca  a4  an  »td*a  from 
ika  tntlnaar  In  (har^i,  and  ika  ilalm  mada  ai  ika  Ani 
•ciilaaiaal  alWr  ika  work  waa  aaacuiad.  iMitaaa  ika 
anglnaar,  al  kla  diacration,  akooM  dirtct  iha  claim,  or 
•iKh  pan  ai  ba  amy  dtam  Jual  aad  aqullabia,  la  ba 
alknaad 

lo.  Tha  tiiwmliirt  aibiblMd  In  iha  eonitactor  al  Ik* 
lima  of  aolMjilnfl  propnaabi  lU  ibn  wnrh  karain  coa- 
iracMil  ^irara  aacanaiity  aaly  luiproalaMia:  ibaylbr- 
nuk  only  mittn\  inronaailon,  aad  will  la  no  nray  (ovam 
or  aibci  Ika  tnal  aaiiaiata,  wkick  arlB  ba  mad*  «M  «a 
Iha  comolMlaa  of  lb*  work  from  anual  laaaauramanw 
and  aalabilakad  fecit  aot  dauraUaabia  al  Uaa  tt  tuttim 
Ihawatb. 

rtnm^BUi.    latbalaw. 

StanncATMHM  poa  MACOiwy. 

I.  An  aiaannry  wUi  ba  aailmalad  aad  paid  Ibr  by  iba 
cablt  yard  of  iwa«lv-a*vmi  cuhk  feai,  and  wlH  b*  la- 
cladmi  und*r  ih*  Mlawlag  baadt,  vil.,  Jnk*  anari, 
»ri4f  miii— r>.  rtcUu^mtmr  €uhtH  MMMarp,  arthtd 


»ri4f  miii— ry.  nrtamrnilir  €uhtH  wmmnry, 
'2^"*  """aary,  mrStmi  tmd  titf»  wail  m 

.a.  ■riak  warfc.  Whaia  brloht  art  vttd  la  archta, 
fakm,  ar  abmaiaaH  of  brt^it.  ihoy  ahall  U  aMuia  at 
V'*  bati  Aiy.  awM-laaipnad;  maatdad  and  barnt ;  tbay 
•b*H  ba  tbtroaably  «wi,  aad  laid  la  thin  aM>nar  mada 
•>f  dm  bati  bydmuHa  nimiiil  miatd  arlih  aacb  aettloa 
aa  Iba  inalimi  la  cbaift  amy  mmmt.  L'<yl«c 
I  dry  aad  tabtanatni  graMlna  wlO  aol  i.»  put- 
aaaMMlag  la  iba  aoaraia  whkb  Ibna  dm  ham 


of  bncbi 
mliMd, 

oraMll_     . 
bondlabaaf 


lab*  *f  (Mck  ibkbaaaa,  aad  IN* 

■a^hdi,  n*mlah,  or  aacb  vAm  char- 


tcMr  aa  lb*  «««la**r  aMyjpraacrib*,  *MMrror  lh«  wad* 
or  iMibm.  No  barf,  ciackad,  brobaa,  or  lataoo  brkb 
to  b*  utad  ia  lb*  awrh. 

Mtk  Dnttmi.iAmn  laquiiad,  ahall  baoTtuchlonB 
■a  UM  taflaitr  hi  cbaraa  may  dtalgntM;  If  banal  or 
clitnhr,^  kmarbalfaKil!  Iav«rla9yba  laid  dry 
bad  daty  Irmiiil  m  mdhm  of  aaMrier 
•r  bfir  19  b*  laid  teVvdnaHe 


'A^-TiSrcisr 


*f  draM;  lb* 
1,  or  Ihaa-MMr- 


dirati. 
1o«. 

Wbaa  rock  feundatton  camm 

plan  th*  mtaonry  th  Jl  b* 

Miab  to  aacb  a  de|Mh  M  lo 

datty  aad  la  ■amtut  ih*  aoaalbiniy  of 

Th*  Uabtr  pfclfcram    " 


l>*  b*(k  tor  akMaaati  aad  plan 
•MifMd  «|Mi  bawa  llmbtr  Miab 
pnH*ctto  iani  ^huy  aad  la  pat 


_ wItt  a*  comppttd 

•if  ana  or  mtaa  ewiitat.  aceerdlng  la  lb*  dapth  o^ib* 
n«Mn  Ite  Wdi^y  Iha  Buanan,  or  aihar  drcaamlaac*! 
of  wW^  tha  Ptitatir  tbtirjii4»  aad  dawrwin*.    Tha 
b*ar  MN 


MiMry«Wli 

Ih*  mbiflviMNi  of 


iriwa««Siit*.  «tlk*r  to  ba  adoptad  ai 

|i  maiaty  wU  b*  raeh  lai^ 
I  accurtMiy  iqaartd,  J  Bland  aad 


b«Mad,  and  Md  In  «aiM*m  af /^  lam  dtaa  lw«t«*  aar  a*, 
caatling  latanly  Inchaa  in  ikwbHaaa,  r«*uWrly  ■la«rMaii^ 
frum  >au«|.>«  I.I  I.. a  .rf  war  .■•  ^IxMinaM  1  ha  atranliaia 
•hall  In  n<>  .aaa  hnva  Vaaa  ihan  tlalaan  Inakai.  bad  Iwr  « 
•  •aira  Inah  rauraa,  and  lor  aH  «>n«iai  aintva  ttaMan 
Inthaa  ihay  ihall  hnoa  ai  laaal  ar  aHKk  bwl  aa  baa  (bay 
will  aanalally  ba  al  laaai  four  htal  In  Ul^lh  I  hahaa-lait 
•(kallba  uf  umlUr  tim  ariih  iha  aKaiihan,  an.)  thall  kuld 
lb*  aiar  In  tha  haan  trf  iha  wall  ihai  il.ay  %\<„m  »..  ika 
hiiK.amI  l«auafr»naa<i  a«  1..  m<ii|iy  "iia  hllh  i.l  |ha  ^« 
af  iha  arall.  .n.1  iltaa  ahall  ba  •Imifarlt  iloiKoail  I*  dM 
back  Whan  iha  lllkknaaa  >.l  Iha  «all  will  ailmtl  af 
ihair  inia>l.»  kli.*  ihay  .hall  ba  ilUpiaatl  In  ihai  mannar. 
Wha,  Iha  aiall  la  i.-i  ihkk  In  admll  nl  ikai  arrai^amanl, 
•Kinaa  mil  laaa  than  kuir  laal  in  tanglh  thall  ba  iila.aj 
lrana«ar«al«  in  iha  haan  ul  ih  wah  l<i  lannw  I  iha  iwn 
"Pr»»«*  •'"•t  m  II  1  ha  tluna  for  iha  haan  ..I  ika  n.ll 
•hall  h*  i>f  iha  %»m*  ihn  kiiau  aa  ih<«a  In  iha  Ibca  and 
bw:k,  and  mual  ba  w.ll  Altatl  |.>  ihair  ulacaa  any  ra 
malninf  Inloailcaa  thall  ba  IHIa.1  laUh  •.niml  tiun* 
chlpa  'I'hr  IWa  aiuna  lu  ba  *al  In  hydraulic  eamanl 
moriar,  ih*  Iniarlor  tiorM*  M  ha  laid  dry,  and  aTar* 
tour**  lo  b*  ikaraiiahlir  iruttiad  I  k*  prapnniMn  nf 
•and,  caaMW,  and  lima.  In  ih*  munar  and  r  init.  in  ba 
aa  dirnclad  by  iha  anglnaar  Iha  luipar  •uiftica  ul  aacb 
ciniiaa  ahall  ka  laval  Ihrauah-nii  wiik  iha  uppar  bad  »f 
lh»  lua  atuna  iliarauf  Iha  •lonaa,  (urmlaa  iha  |<i>inu 
uf  plaft.  nhltk  ad  at  li  ■  braakar*.  tlian  ba  maily 
draaaarf  u*  ihclr  fat  a*  .  tha  •.ihai  fura  iiunaa  may  ba  laft 
»'ih  Iha  hica  at  ihay  coma  friim  ih*  i|iia>rf,  unlaaa  ih« 
pr..)«(ilum  thouM  aacaad  Iwu  Inch**.  In  oklck  caaa 
ihay  thall  ba  rtniahly  tt  abblad  duwn  bi  ikai  jrolni  Tha 
abutmanu  and  piari.  or  auch  pnriluna  of  ikam  aa  ik* 
taginatf  may  dl.aii,  thall  ba  c-^arnd  with  a  conr.a  af 

atiplnf.  not  laaa  ikaa  inckaa  ikwh,  wall  drr    .d, 

and  faatanad  ingalhar  wllh  elampa  ef  Iran. 
■a««nd  ^oalMy  af  brldg*  maaaanr  •kail  ba  rubkia 
ork,  laid  In  Irragular  coanat,  and  •ball  conalal  iifiluaa 
•ootalaiacianarally.  ali  cubii  Kiai  aack,  an  dltpotad 
at  M  maka  a  «rm  aad  compui  work  ;  and  no  ttoaa  In 
tha  an>rk  tkaU  coniain  lam  ihan  iwo  cubit-  Ibai,  aicapi 
tor  MUm  up  Iha  Intaroilcaa  balwaan  ih*  kraa  blocki  In 
A*  h*ari  of  Ih*  wall :  al  laaal  oaa-Allh  nf  iR*  Ikca  thall 
ba  compoMd  of  haadari,axic*rflnfl  tM  tim  foar  faal  Ini* 
Iha  wan,  and  from  dw  back  ika  aama  prapsrtloat  and  af 

!'"t*"T*..*"t"*J»'""'  •"  •"»■#«'  "bai  a  baadar  In  ih* 
back  aha'l  b*  balwaan  iwo  kaadara  In  iha  fer*.  Th* 
comar  tinnaa  ahall  b*  naaily  hammar>dr«aMd  ao  aa  to 
baa*  horltomal  baiia  and  vanlcal  jolma. 

a  <|u«»«r<  maaaary-Ar«b*d.  Tha  bundailoaa 
of  archad  culvtru,  wbaa  lb*  boiiom  of  ih*  pli  la  com- 
iMa  Mrth,  naval,  Mc.,  alN  (mmrally  coaaltl  of  t  pavo- 
m*al  Rwmad  i^  tioa*  t*t  tdgtwlat,  not  lata  than  ijwte 
Inch**  la  dapih,  tacurwl  i>  tbt  tarn*  maaaar  at  daw!nb*d 
btlaw  for  rwiaacidar  eidv«rtt.  Whan  ih*  fouada- 
lion  iimm  wkkik  a  coivorl  It  to  b*  balll  I*  loA  aad  com- 
prttalMu,  tad  wh«r*  Il  wtil  at  a  ilmat  b*  c«**f«d  wlih 
waur,  timbar  w«n  btwa,  anil  »om  *l(ht  la  iwda*  la*b*t 
la  thiebnta*,  aeoordlaf  la  tbn  tpan  ef  iha  calvwl,  thill 


In  lb*  mid*))  to  b*  tuab  »om  ibrt*  w  tit  4m  botow 
th*  top  of  iba  ti^bar  accordiaR  at  lb*  **nfc  la  dmia  *r 
latt  txNBpati.  Tha  abaimtalt  ara  la  b*  bwll  af  raaa* 
!"^  V  'S,'^'^  •oaftO.ih*  toe*tloatabBddtdMM 
Joiatad.  Tb*  tirctcbart  hi  lb*  toe*  ar*  M  ba**  tttk  of 
at  batt  flllMa  (■})  Incktt,  aad  ta  aa  eta*  Ittt  bad  tba« 
Ht*,  aad  tbay  >r*  to  ka  aat  |t«i  tbaa  two  feat  kma. 
maaturad  ta  th*  toca  of  lb*  waN.    Tb*  btadait  tbail 


ufvd 
aatmid  ikroutfb  tb*  waM  In  caatt  *  S*t«  h  do**  aoi  m- 

tec*«d  lbf*a  and  a  half  tom  iMck.  aad  liMy  than -MM  bava 
;  tjian  aMiMaa  (il)  lacba*  Itat^  of  be*.  Th*fa 
H  b*  not  Imathaa  am*  baadar  to  ar^yMvanlbatrf 
toea,  amturtd  frata  caatr*  lo  omHr*  *r  h*ad*n,  tad  t* 
artaMjad  tha.t  a  baadar  In  a  luparior  cour**  tbaN  ba 
ptoead  b*tw*«a  two  bttdtn  la  lb*  co«n*b*low:  ib* 
bachlMt  Monta  tbaM  b*  cT  Iti**  tit*,  aad  bav*  paralM 
bmit.  Ud  to  ••  to  bnab  Joiatt  witb  oat  anoihar,  aad 
when  tha  ibickaaM  of  th*  wall  *ae**dt  thrat  tad  a  half 

^  "g^  ;L*^  j*y  *""^'»i  ••  •hot*  hi  lb* 

too*  thaB  b*  ptoead  in  lb*  bach  of  tht  wan,  la  tb*  pro- 
poftten  of  on*  tor«**rytwo  bitdii*  hi  tb*  h«*.  Th* 
^M  '^  f?'2!  ^"^  •cearaNly  out  brnb  and  Mnu  aad 
thai]  ba  Uld  hi  aoanat  ihrmagboM.  Th*  Wiw  tlo 
thatt  bt  aaatiy  cm  aad  ttmp**«d  of  a 


than  baad  tMMt  ofaai  torn  ibaa  thraa  toai,  and 


t. 


COHTIIACTi. 


iMkOT.  rwyaH(<*a<T  tlM  pmn^ml  ••»!  vlag  mMn  (ImU 
W  ImIh   daUkaf  M  ilM  tlMMnMnM  tmd  twp«r*J  «tiK  • 

«4ll  •IrVWHHl  IM^IM,   M«*t    *««•    |H«II    Mft    iMvKatt  tlk*«  ll   anil 

|ilr««  fiM«  «l4a  I  M  •Mtl«l<fa  •ion**  in  hm  U>*l  tn  c«.n««i| 
Ni*«ff««r.  «nU  ih«  *H«fl«  «ttll  ihtHougkly  u>mu4  IlM 
t^Mlnl   Iwckliia  M   k*  (awl   MkM*   Vnitl,  Mtt  M  «• 

Cul««t<  m»*««ty  llMtaiifular.  /IH  rKM««iilar 
•ul««iri«  «|H  a«  b%)lfi  dry.  «liK  •  «*i«r  w«f  <>f  mn  Um 
ifcan  lw<*  Aitd  m  Ihitf  by  lKr««  lb««  .    lh«   «bu(Ni«ni«  wiM 

l«fi  im  hiMi  In  <l«|*«ll  » •»(illtM«l  Aiwl  MHWfvtl  «l  iKm  miutm  by 
<i««p  •;uHm4«>im«.  wnlt-h  muM  Imi  ^rtH«<i«ti  ffuin  Mn*l«r 
■Ml<m  by  br-^Ml  Man*  (lixarf  In  tmt>  iiiMMlly  and  |>n. 
•lu«*M  aa  it»«  «nglft««f  nwy  dtrvci  Th«  a^inMni  walk 
•^n  mn  b*  /»«  iban  l«<>  fcal  lli'.h,  an<l  Udl*  »(  giMxl 
■l4««l  and  wall  aKaiMtl  aiima.  pf<*|iarly  latd  atid  btmnd  ii»- 
■nbat  l>y  aittnaa  wiaalonally  taMi>*(ln«  anilraly  ihrotiali 
in*  walla  Tha  uffm  t-mnt  la  ha>a  ai  laaai  ona  kimit 
ut  iba  iiiina*  baadan  ,  and  iIm  tiralcbara  In  n<i  taaa  la 
ba  laaa  tbnn  iwiilva  Inckaa  «l4a ,  no  KInna  In  lbl«  ctiuna 
M  ba  laM  iban  •<•  iix  haa  ibtcb  Iba  caaaiirg  ii>  ba  nl 
MumI,  airuag  •Ian  at  laaat  Iwalaa  inebaa  ihuk,  ami  In 
b|^  IH  wkal*  widilt  iMM  Um  than  Ian  Intbaa  onaacb 
I.  1  ba  ihUknaaa  of  lb*  t<-v«rliia  unna  ami  <U. 
I  af  iba  wbola  walk  u>  ba  latraaaad  M  iha  dla> 
I  •#  iIm  inajInMr 

I  ill^-ra^.  Wban  iIm  aacaaiiliMi  <tl  ilia  raad  bad 
4um  MM  Aitnlab  anlHclam  >i<mm  Ibr  <b«  fnmtiam  of 
walk  a«4  a«ib*iibMaatia.  ika  law  ahall  ba  onicurad  ai 
tuck  piacaa.  and  4taBaa*4  In  auch  auiiMMi  m  iba  anglnaar 
■uy  airaci,  UHi  •Kan  ba  aulHMiad  and  ^Id  r<>r  aa  rip  r»p. 

t.  Mapt  waU  aiU  »«rUml  maa«nry.  Iba  <rankbl 
IMlk  ahall  b*  gOMl,  4rf  nikkU  arorb,  ami  of  aueh  dl 
■aiwlona  ami  buMi  with  tvch  bMMf  *•  Iba  aiMliMar  may 
«fw«i.  SH**  »•«*  iImH  b*  buth  of  auch  ilikhMaa  Md 
■l«^  ■•  auv  b*  r»qiilfad  by  Ika  anglnaar.  no  aimwa, 
Mowawar,  la  b*  um4  In  Ib^r  coiwinmliHi  wMch  do  not 
tmth  ibraugh  iIh  imtt,  aa  iImi  ar*  laaa  ihu  all  Inchra 
hi  ihMinaaa  mmI  lwal*«  Ibckaa  in  kofih ;  ika  bath  ut 
lb*  aiaMi  la  b*  ptacad  «  riflM  aMN*  m  ^  ^  "f  (ha 
J  ilM  M"M  aHaii  b*  dim  MM  nai  Itnm  ipalk. 

T   la  all  mr  -  --      -  -   ■  ■ 


awilwa  < 


,  .    )  W  kriah  aittM  b*  of  ■ 

itualUy,  aiM.  o  td  aliap*  lo  ha  >ti|i»a»ad  of  by  tb*  angl- 
aaai  Swch  ((.iikm*  of  th*  aMaoary  •*  lb*  *naln*«r 
■My  ranHilr*  to  Im  kid  h    liai*  amrtar,  or  bydraijla  !.■*• 

Siat.  AM  b*  »o  laid  n*  ftif aiaMn«  or  pavlim 
r  lb*  IInm  and  a*m<mt  uaad.  If,  la  ikc  pr^fraat  of  lb* 
auaonry.aa  imcn;*^,  ,a  Of  aaiabar  of  baad«r«  aparllUd 
ihuidd  b*  raqHi  Td  by  lb«  aagiaaar,  lucb  addlilo«a 
luiinbar  ahall  br  i*|d  in  iba  work  a*  b*  •hall  daalgaai*. 
Tha  prica  -ar  «ttk4a  ymi4  paid  !<»  all  muonrf, 
wh«ih«r  of  I"  ll  or  Maaa,  ibaH  la  tvary  caa*  laciuda 
tlna  furatihlnii  iTail  aiaMrlak,  Mfallwr  wfth(«r  MM)|||* 
i-mi  of  tcafr.  idlnff,  eaalrlag,  ate.,  and  all  laaaaaa  at- 
amdlmi  (h>  datlvary  el  iSmu  aialarlali.  aad  all  riaha 
from  iooda  or 


And  tha  aaM  Murtjr  af  Um  ••aaa4  Mrt  4««a 
■romiaa  mmt  •ffaa  *»  9*7  *•  tiM  aaM  f«rt»  af  tha 
•rat  yart,  tor  •&  tha  warh  la  b«  pav^MrnM  wadar 


hia  aaatnMt,  aa  toltowa,  la  w 
•mHi  aaaavatlMi,  par  a«^i« 
B«ah  aaaavMMa, 


gay. 


0»  ar  abaiM  tha  iut  day  at  aaeh 

Um  arafraaa  al  thia  wofk,  an  aattwaia  ah«U  ha 
IMfM^ar  tha  ralatlva  valua  af  tha  wark  daM,  to 


ba  jMga4  *r  hy  tha  anftoaar,  and  aa  par  aant.  of 
•  af  mM  aawwaia  ahaM  ba  paM  ta  tha 


tMaNianat  __  , 

pfTM  af  tha  Aral  partj  aa  ^r  ah««t  tha  ifUi  day 
iTtiM  raiiawtof  aaMHh.  AMI  whan  all  tiMwerk 
amhraaad  la  IMaaaMnMtlacamplatad.acraaab^ 
to  tha  apaUlaaUmM  aad  la  M««rdao«a  with  iha 
4lii«atloaa  aad  la  Iba  laUateatlaa  and  aaaaotaaaa 
of  tha  awflMar,  thara  ahall  ba  a  flaal  aatiiaata 
B!xd«  of  OM  f  aJIO/,  (k»nu*tr,  aad  n*Aw  of  aatd 
work,  aaaardthC  ta  hm  tariha  af  thi*  afraamant. 
w^Mi  tha  batawaa  aiMaartaa  diia  to  ih«  aald  party 
of  Aa  trat  part  ahanrba  paM  ta  htm  within  t bicw 
daw  tiisMMRar,  upaa  Ma  giving  a  ralaaaa.  uetdac 
•mU,  «o  Hm  pinr  af  tha  aaaond  part,  hnm  an 
cMma  or  dawaaia  whataaavar  grawlag  ii  any 
manner  oat  of  Ihia  agraamaat,  and  oaOa  h>«  i>ro- 
•arlof  Had  dalivarlag  ta  tha  partlaa  of  tha  attsond 
•art  'ill  rrtiaiii la  prayar  Itorai  aad  duly  ana. 
tetad,  frw»  aiadhaalM  and  matarlal  man,  of  att 
laaa,  ulatwa  mi  daiaada  tor  aMaarlala  ftiraiahad 


aad  prwwidad,  aad  work  and  labar  d«»*  aad  p«» 
Aarmad  >%9*n  «m  abaul  tb«  wi»h  h«ral«  aaoliaa^ad 
An  <and«r  Ihia  <an«'a«i 

II  la  hitlbar  Kovananlad  aad  a«r*«d  balwaaa 
Iha  aald  aaril**,  iHai  lb*  aald  |>at«y  af  «h«  ttm 
pan  •hall  «a«  *ubl*«  *<  iianaftr  Ml*  aanitaai, 
a«r  any  pad  lh*>*ef,  la  anv  ^r*on  laataMing  („ 
.ba  •lalixiiy  .^  ■laiatiak!,  wllhaul  III*  wtltian  <un 
—nt  •!  ih*  •Mflaaof.  but  will  Bl  all  IIm**  alv*  p*r. 
*wnal  •ll*nilan  and  •uparlnUndan**  iatik*  wach. 

ll  I*  rurlkar  *ar**d  aad  u«d*>*«oa4  (hat  iha 
wark  •mbra«*d  In  ihl*  aaniraai  *l«all  b«  ««m 


•auiad  with  aacb  far**  aa  Iha  (nglaaar  ahall 
lakillan  wlthia  iha  Um* 
«lm*  Iha  (aid  party  aflba'llr* 


inali 

adaoual*  la  II*  coinpkillan  wlihla 
•*d!  Mdir  '^        - 


Iha  Um*  upttit 


iii*na*d  wHhla  iv*  day*  tttn  Ihia  data,  and  pi 

I 
•*d  i  and  If  at  aay  Urn*  iha  (aid  party  af  lb< 
part  ahall  r*<Waa  ar  n*al*«i  la  praaaanu  iha  work 
with  a  laf**  aafllckini,  la  IK*  aplalan  af  Ih*  Mid 
*nflnaar,  tt*  lla  campiaiian  withte  l^-a  iimi 
*a*«|g*d  In  Ihia agraamant,  than,  and  In  I'  «l  caa* 
Iha  aald  •aglnaar  la  «harg*,  ar  aach  at>.  ■'  aaani 
aa  Ih*  *aglaaar  ahaU  d*ataaata,  ma*  pra<**d  i* 
*malap  awih  a  nitmhor  af  warkman,  labaran, 
and  avaraaara  aa  may,  In  iha  aplnian  af  iha  (aid 
•  nginaar.  ba  naaaaaarp  la  laanra  ih*  tampiallaa 
't  Iha  warh  within  Iha  lim*  h*r*inb*far*  llmll*4 
•I  auah  wagaa  aa  ha  majr  Mad  It  a*«***ary  or  ••• 
podlaal  la  giva,  pay  all  paraoaa  aa  *meiay*d,*ad 
charga  avar  Iha  ameaat  aa  paid  la  ina  party  af 
Iha  llrat  pan  aa  far  aa  mu«h  manay  paid  lo  him 
on  Ihia  «an'  raat  i  ar  tor  Iha  toilor*  la  praaocut* 
Iha  wark  with  an  adaiiaala  tor**,  for  nan  «am- 
pUaaaa  with  hia  diraaitona  In  ragard  la  Ih*  man- 
n«r  af  aaaatriMting  It,  ar  far  any  athar  aml«*ian 
or  aaglact  af  tha  raauiramanta  af  thia  agraamant 

8nd  apa*ig«allana  9n  Iha  part  af  tha  party  af  Iha 
rat  part,  tha  aaid  *n«iinaar  may,  at  hia  dla«ra- 
tlan,  daalara  Ihia  aantraal  ar  aav  portiaa  or  ••<- 
lion  amhrar ad  In  it  torfailad  i  wnuh  daalarallon 


and  fortoitora  ahall  aaonorata  iha  aatii  com 

ligatlaaaaad  llahilitiaa 
vndar  thia  •antraat  tha  aaaM  aa  If  Ihia  agn 


ion  of  «hi 
r**ponalM* 


r**pon* 

!«*athai 


)  ll't'  aaid  aagliM 

lay  by  I 


ftam  aay  aad  all  aMI 

vndar  thia  •antraat  tha  aaaM  aa  If  Ihia  agi 
had  aaoar  baan  mada  i  aad  tha  raaarvad 
aga  af  l*ii  par  <  «at.  upaa  aay  work  do 
party  of  th^  Arat  part  mayba  rauinad  ( 
Iha  aatd  soippnny. 

And  'h*  aaid  party  of  tha  brat  pari  > 
•ovopaatod  and  agraad  ta  taba,  ua*.  i 
mabi  all  aropar.  naaaaaary.and  aui^ 
lloni,  aatoguarda,  aad  protactlon 
aocitrraaaa  ar  haapaaing  af  any  • 
riaa.  damagaa,  ar  hart  la  aay  p«r> 
during  tha  pragT«aa  af  Um  cona- 
warb  haniia  aantraatad  Ibr.  *.\d  v- 
for,  and  la  latfaaaaily  and  »•   «  n>i  i 
MTttaa  af  taa  aaaaad  pan , 
l^oai  tiM jMjraMat  af  all  '>  >naoay  hy  r«a 

aoa  of  an  ar  aay  auah  ac.i. ;,,.•«,  intnriaa.  dam 
agaa,ar  hart,  that  may  happr  nr  occur  upua  or 
about  aald  warb, and  fiK'n  *u  tm**,  panaltlaaaod 
laaa  iaaanraa,  tor  ar  by  raaxou  of  tha  violation  or 
aay  ally  or  Maatetpal  »cdln*nc*  or  ragulation,  or 
tow  of  ma  tlala,  whiic  t».«  aald  work  ia  in  pro- 
graaa  of  aaaatraetton 

la  wHaaaa  wbar»of.  tha  i>  itiaa  harain  namod 
ha«a  haraanta  i«t  th«u  hands  aajl  aaala,  tlia  day 
aad  yaar  harala  b.  <>  -^.^^t  naniaj. 

(wWm.i 

Cmi«o«««  ..Biilidlingr  •••«  €^mmtrmut$tm. 

Kmiir  <  W  So^  l>n>uin$. 

Thia  agr*«mant, *M.  i.W  Mr  ^rtttdimi /tmi^ 

BracirKATifiH*  mn  a  Paario  r  Sirk-DtvitMi'l, 

Bk  ad  Bad  ani  BalUat. 

i  Th*  haflaat  musi  be  bttikan  c'rnly  md  nal  larg* 
than  a  cabe  tlut  «UI  p*M  lluwMh  .  ivo  aad  laia  hilf 
inch  ring.  Thcrv  miMl  b*  a  unlron.  d<plh  of  al  laatt 
iwKtvc  inch*!  of  c  lean  bralt*a  iMoa  ui>dl«r  tha  li«a.  til* 
faallaii  muai  b*  Allad  up  •y*nly  bMw«««,  W  nat  abovo 
tha  t«T>  I  if  ih*  tin,  ana  alio  OMwern  tn*  amin  Uacba 
and  >i>i  't^  whar*  lh«r«  ar*  any.  In  hlHo.^ 
tha  ir^ciu,  OOH**,  larg*  tlso**  iai!«t  b*  plao»d  la  tha 
beltom  in  ordar  M  pr.>vld*  tor  drain  '  ; .  but  eara  tbaald 
ba  takrn  to  b«*p  the  eoara*  ttonc  ,  «»y  Crom  tha  «a4l 
of  ih*  tin.  Al  Ih*  (NiMr  <adt  of  th*  ilm  ih*  baHtai 
AMWt  be  ikipad  off  Bvmdy  lo  tba  aubgrad*. 

a.  IV  ''.adcraatingplanbaMuaiMMeiualyipflMd-- 
ih«  planl  ng  should  b*  thraa-awattaf*  of  *«  iack  balm. 
ih=3»po(tfiii«ll,MidMoaad  aaa-hatf  iaehm  *om  iha 


CONTEACTU. 


>  k  •>•«•«•  (•att«4v«< 

M  *9'»*4  iMtWMD 
1^  »«»»»  •*  Ik*  «»« 
n«f*r  Ikl*  ••nliMi^ 

lul  lh«  mrdiUn  «u)i- 
■I  •!)  lima*  gUa  fwr- 
in4an4<ii  i«»inawaf|i, 
in4afa«u«4  thai  Ika 
l<a«*  ahall  IM  naaii 
I  ihia  4aia.an4  mm 
analnaar  ahall  4*a«ii 
luMa  iha  lima  iifaai 
al4  M*«y«llt>«  trai 

f«««a«ill«  Iha  wark 
I  afliilaii  af  iha  aaM 
»  wltkls  !»•«  lima 
laa.aa^  la  t<«i«aaa 
af  aaak  aU.  •'  •■am 
ita,  inair  fraaaai  la 
warkman,  lakarara, 

ayir.iaa  af  iba  aal4 
ura  Iha  (amalatlaa 
aralnkalora  llmlla< 

It  aaitaaaary  aa  a» 
la  aa  amalaya4,  •a4 
MU4  ta  iha  *ar«y  af 

naaay  ^M  ta  klm 
Mlata  (a  fraaaauta 
taaaa,  far  saa  aam- 

ragaH  ta  l*ia  man- 
m»f  atkar  amlaatan 
a  ••  Ikta  •araamant 

•I  tka  sarty  •!  ika 
May.  at  kla  tltaara- 

aay  pattiaa  ar  aac- 
l  whUli  4aalaralian 
I  Iha  aai^  canipanv 
■4NabtlHlaaa«Ui 
Mlllhlaacracn< 
la  faaatva*  ^»'-«ii 
y  wark  dan*  ii^  tha 
rata*na4  forav^ar  ky 

«!  paft  tia*  Ahrthai 

a.  uaa,  i^uwMa,  aM 
i4  auM«laiit  prmmvf 
etlona.  «attinat  Iha 
ft«y  a<  '"  nta,  iajlt- 
'|Wra<  ,  proparty 
t»ai'  lion  or  til') 
kit*       raaaonalbla 

Jharirii«aaiha  aaid 
tN  aaid  aoflnaar, 
«  M  Maoay  *r  n»- 
MMa,  Inturiaa.  tlaoi 
m  er  accur  upoa  er 
ft  oaa,  panaitlaa  and 
iofthavielati«aar 
tea  or  raauiatlan,  ar 
ai4  wark  la  In  pro- 

ilaa  hTiitin  aaniai 
I  and  aaalai  tha  My 


•itttm. 

II  r  Svk-CHvitMX't. 
altaat. 

■vcttty  aai  nal  lam 
h  i  ivo  aai  aaaJliW 
^m  <ia|itk  or  at  laaat 
•  uadarthaliaa.  Hm 
Hwacn,  Im  aal  akava 
»t«n  <na  aurin  uaaka 

In  ftiHaaayhnwaa^ 
HMi  ba  JaoiJ  la  Ik* 
i«        bat 

9f  tha  ilattha 


.-•'.*«■  «'«g.gfc 


aHtiada. 
at  MMKy 


at  ba  MKuraly  apfltad  : 
rtaia  of  ««  iach  baiow 
la-half  laehaa  Iroai  Ika 


ETSalraM  a*^  **^  "^  '"*''*'  "*•"  "^  ***■*  '"^^ 
Ditakaa. 

|.  TWaraw  «■••«•  ..r  4ii.kM  al  Ika  klghaM  aalat 
KnM  k*  af  |k«  ari.tiK  !«.(  iI«|hH  m  •!<«•«■■  .m  Ik*  «t«iHl 
.1.1  •lia»l..«  «)ia  |.«,U.I  iMi.lUI  viik  lh«  lr>ck  »..  m  ■.• 
,..M  W.I..  f,,.iy  ,(„,  „g  ha«»y  latM  and  ili.'  uuakly 
,|f«la  ik.  tn^  uj  — ■    » 

,  I  h.  I.n«  «„«i  ka  aMMta  pa>aiM  wWh  iha  ralk  aad 
woU  •»!  twailir  MInad 

t    Tka  aaawaacy  «faa»  dwriaa  waat  ka  pw>  la  al  aaayat 

•  Karth  lakaa  'hun  >lli<cha«  nf  <iha«li«><  mxai  Im 
<liiaip«<l  «!»••  Ika  kanlia  iml  km  U*\  m  .w  rwnr  ik«  •«■!• 
a<  ik«  ilM  hut  <ll«iii»«.i..d  •■».«  Ik*  al-.i!*  »*nk  ul.*« 
JIM  ol  Ik*  illlt  Imw  m  >  hu  mini  n..)  h>  ikn>«n  m«  ik*  tt>>M 

f  I  k*  I  k*i»i«l*  .w  .if>^»M  for  a  ••.iMi.|«,aM*  illnanca 
ak-i'*  <h.  f.Mil  ikiniJil  \m  ••4min«|,  aad  biwh,  .Iflft, 
ami  »ik*c  olMinKii'itH  natu««4  llttihaa,  cuU«M«  ami 
l«,i  itnin.  tfc  Hild  Im  rlMr.d  n#  all  akairiKilum  ami  ika 
mittaw  aMl  inlaK  M  th*  mmm  li*yi  ofan  la  allnw  a  fM 
*«•  of  waiar  al  «il  ilai** 

rallclng. 

I  Tha  l*l*(ra|ik  p<il.*  imimi  ka  li«|H  In  priiiwv  nnal 
liim,  and  itnt  n»%t  ik*  l«W(r*|ih  lina  mint  \m  Vmm 
irlmmnl  i.>  pn.cni  it-a  bfanihaa  luiwltlna  iha  m\im 
•liirlna  htak  wImU 

V  \\\  1*1  maiaflal.  tuck  aa  aM  llai,  aM  nib,  chalta, 
ar  malarial,  «i>  ,  miMi  ha  faikaml  u|i  at  laaal  oaca  a 
•*«k  and  n«aily|i4M  al  pri>n«i  p-iim*. 

lo  drlara  ami  und*r(it>wi)i  .m  Iha  right  uf  ml*  mMl 
ha  k«|M  I  III  1 1<»«  ■<■  Ik*  ground 

I I  Hiailon  n4aif»iiiM  anil  ih*  gim.aili  about  •lalioiia 
mii*i  lia  k«H<  ciaan  and  l"  «<"«l  iwdar 

tiif^raWanltira. 
<•   Tha  track  «v>i  aa   n  good  •urftMa,  on  UraMil 
Xnaa  Iha  ralla  nnr    Ira  aa  ihr  tama  la*<l,  and  on  •<"«** 
iIh  iKiipar  *l«v»t,.,o,  a*  tai  il."vn  In  lh<  ulil*,  <       ,  („ 
(ivnn  III  iha  111      r  rail,  and  t;a"M  unlfiiimly  an  ih* 

tjrf*.  I  h'l '^l.i'allon  •limilil  ba  oimmo*  <<l  ii  ,,n  luu 
10  iv>  faal  a.iwa  al  iha  (mint  of  curvalura,  ,.i-|^n<lin«  an 
ih'  iharvmraa  of  iha  ciirira.  ami  In-  rcaiail  unili'injy  lu 
iha  lallar  va\m  mhar*  iha  full  •lavatiim  la  aitaincd.  Tha 
aam*  iiMihixl  •hinild  l>*  ailnpiad  in  laaving  tha  curva. 
<  I  Tha  irack  mital  ba  in  giiuil  lina. 
M.  Tha  •i^iiaa  muat  ba  projiarU  pi,  o  with  Ik*  lUII 
aiMBhar  nl  'ilia,  nuta,  aiup  araalMi'  .iid  »it»|»  i^lra. 
Tha  nuta  m,.*!  ba  atrawad  up  lighi  \ 

■S  Tha  Jolnit  '^  ih«  ila  iii.,«i  lu  aaactly  nldway 
halnt««n  iha  J.ani  ■  •, ..  iha  1  .im  on  -iw  >;na  ol  nU 
aiuM  ba  oppoaita  lUc  •antra  uf  ifca  nil  <  -i  .ihaa  liao 
"t  (ha  MMM  inck  In  vi-iKr  «  dl>!  .„c»i  uf  flva^a- 
Miilha  of  aa  lach.  an4  In  tiiwir  i»«»atiitaanih  of  an 
wh,  miiai  ba  Ml  katawn  tha  aa4i  of  tha  nil*  to  allow 
br  aapanaiun. 

i«.  Tha  nik  atual  li,  ayihad  both  i>  ih.  'ii.lda  and 
OMtaida  un  eachit*,  on MrMght IIihm ^ xll ..  ,,„  c.ir»a«. 
If,  'k«ri<i«aH«an«lthe|  'Oarlyandwrily  inacad, 
le  llt>  u)  a  p,  ft  nU,  wlih  i.^h«a  b»iw«n  tha  a^ 
'N  baaring  auriMaa  ai  Jwih*,  wlih  inierniadlala  ilaa 
avanly  «paecfl  a  dlMaii.  ;■  of  mi  imr  two  laci  rVom  can- 
lia  to  ««nira,  and  !■»»  o^k*  on  iha  "iitaida,  un  duubte 
(racy,  and  on  tha  i  «g»»t  ban  alda  gulng  «<irth  or  «««i  un 
•'"«•« 'rj*!!.  mil-        Ifnad    >p  panlM  ariih  tha  ralli. 

i»  Ih*  Uaa  111,,  nni  undar  any  circumauncaa,  ba 
not'  had,  but  •hmdil  <li*y  ba  t.wlatad,  auaai  ba  mada  inM 
with  tha  ad>t,  and  iha  nlh  mut-  Sara  an  a««a  baarlM 
ovar  ih«  »   ri«c»  of  iha  tiaa. 

10.  Ihi  •lichaa  lad  fn«i  mual  ba  liapi  wall  llmd  up 
and  In  g<md  ordar.  !<«rltche*  mini  vork  ««ily  and 
■afcty  hliKka  laaal  ba  uiachcil  u>  tvery  iwiK-h  band. 

■o.  Tha  aarltck  atgaak  auat  ba  kapi  brigk'  and  m 
good  order 
In  wItiMaa,  ale. 

f%««*Ml-ltolMllMr  MMl  CMih«na««toM 

KmitrmUrkkii  (Mtt. 
SractricATinm  vm  BtriLiMna  TtcKir  Oarirt 
Tka  apaclAcatlona  ara  lataiMlad  to  ambraea  tha 
antira  a^uctara  canplata  aa4  raady  for  o«eu- 

Rncy,  tha  whole  to  ba  comprlaai  within  aay  can- 
«t  areoiitnctathat  smvIm  ma4a  for  tha  aama. 
J^  .•"**•■•  *'•'''  ••*•••  «oi«ructa4  an4  An- 
lah«4  la  aTory  part  In  a  goa4,  ■ttbauattal.  aoH 
worhma^ha  manner,  Maonllnt  to  tha  aecom- 
•anylag  drawloga  and  thaaa  ■pccIAaatiana,  to  tha 
AiUaiileat  and  MawBlag  af  tha  aama.  nod  to  tka 
MttnaatialketlM.  uSaval,  aad  Mwaptanee  of 
Ulf  •DfiRMT  Mi«  unSlMt,  ud  mdar  &•  mpw 


»ta<«a  aad  diaaatlan  af  aitab  afoat  a«  aaanta  •« 
may  ka  araatniad 

Tka  talfawing  la  a  Hat  af  the  drawlaaa  wblah 
aaaampany  ikaaa  OfaelieAllMM,  Ud  wiSkll  tmm 
^m^\  iharaof 
Ha    I    Orauad  plan. 
*    5'""'  •'•vatlan. 
la    }.  Croaa  aa«il«n 

4.  Wan  and  dalalla  af  raaf. 
liaHaa*!   <  onmiioa^ 
All  Ika  wark  ta  ba  dana  In  Ika  beat  aad  moal 
warkmanltka  manaar. af  appravad  malatlala.  a«- 
aofding  la  ihaaa  apaalftaallana.  and  Iha  plana  and 
drewtnga  haralnbafara  rahirtad  la,    and  avary 
Ihlng  naaaaaary  ta  tha  prapar  and  taaiplata  aaa 
aullaa  af  tha  aald  plana  and  drawlngarwhalkat 
Ika  aama  may  have  baaa  harain  partlaularly  ape 
a.Aad  ar  nat.  ar  Indlaalaa  aa  the  plana  rafkr/ad  la, 
lo  ba  dana  and  ritrntahad  In  a  mannar  aarraapand- 

fkrthfMlly  aa  thaiigb  the  aama  ware  hartia  partlau- 
larly daaarlbad  and  apaelllaally  pravldad  fcr 

■vary  fiyt  of  the  balMlag  la  ta  ba  eaatui.d 
under  (he  dlraatiaa  and  eubiaet  la  tha  appreval 
of  tha  en|lneer  la  aharga.  wha  ahall  aat  ne  ihe 
agaat  aad  lapraaaatatlva  af  the  englaaar  and 
arahltact.  and  la  all  mattera  ar  ^aaatlane  relating 
either  ta  the  wark  ut  Iha  aantraat  far  Ika  eame, 
the  daclalaa  of  Ihe  anglnaar  and  artkltaat  ehali 
ba  Nnal  and  tenelualva  and  wltkoul  appeal. 
Drainage. 

Tarn  <  otta  drain  >ga  nf  tuMllant  tfaa  10  ba  provided 

"*•  /""'  conduciiin  and  froai  waiar  aloaala,  ruaniiw 
..40  Ika  inaia  aaaran  i>Mr««l  !h«i«9.  7 

faundallana. 
I  ha  ftaindailona  an  to  ba  aai  on  aankal  roluartM  «f 
M.ina  Bti  In  <h*  ground,  not  laaa  than  two  ftai  daap.  j«>d 
on  a  Mon<  two  i,,  «Mt  aquara,  and  (mm  aavan  fy)  to  lan 
(•ol  im^han  in  iklcknaa*  (#r  poaia  planiad  in  lh<  gmund 
m>ll*aaihunAMtr(4)tMldaap.  Kai  k  poal  lo  ba  aal  on  a 
place  of  (>tan,  .f  iba  h«.n.«n,  lv»o  laifcal  k>M,  tluae 
II)  lochaa  ihi  I  .  and  laraiva  (1.)  Inchaa  wide  The 
aarth  lo  ba  wall  nmmad  ermmd  the  poaia  )  Upon  the 
lopa  of  Ihaaa  columna  (ar  poaia)  an  lu  mi  iIm  awlo 
•III*,  uoon  arhkh  mi  the  aial'i  fhiniing  and  lluiir  Ji'istt 
of  Iha bulliilng  Iha  poaia  an  to  ba  not  laaa  UMin  lan 
by  lan  (iu«io>  Inchaa  aaeikm,  placed  nol  mun  then  lea 
j  10)  «ni  apart,  and  tha  alHa  an  to  be  tea  by  lan  (loaio) 
Inchaa  iwiiloa  Thia  linibar  BMy  be  kaailock. 
Oaa  Mpo  and  PIttlnfl. 

Oaa  pipe  of  tuncteni  ilae  lo  aupply  (Ifty  (ml  huraen 
M  be  nirniahad  and  laid  lhrat«ho«i  the  bulhOiw  In  eoa- 

tonally  10  iha  ndaa  aad  raguluione  of  the  Oaa 

CuMpany,  and  Nitod  up  with  oulbie  at  the  opUoa  of  tha 
eaglaaar  in  charge. 

All  pipaa  to  ba  Utd  ao  (a  lo  be  eaeily  eol  at  Ikr  1*1 
pain,  and  to  bare  audt  daacania  aa  will  pnvent  Ike 
accMBiulalion  of  waier  arlalng  from  coodanaatlon. 

Ii  la  undaniood  thai  Iha  gaa  Hatatae  an  not  m  be  Air^ 
niahad  by  the  parly  contraciing  br  gni  pipe  and  tttlw 
Hardwara. 

F.mranca  doon  an  10  have  algkl  (!)  lach  labhatal 
bronia  aion  door  loclu. 

All  doon  In  panltlona  to  ka«a  taa  by  thne  aad  a 
half'^x  \%)  Inch  mortlae  locka. 

Uii>»n  Hull  Coaipaay'a  taai  balti.wllk  loaae  wrought 
pinn.  will  be  required  Mr  afl  twIaglM  doon 

Water  ckaal doon  to  bare  rlailalch, porcelain hnoba. 
and  ihraeljUndi,  half  (M)  inch  tound  boll  on  inalda, 
and  ri,  ii  hook  on  Inalda. 


Th<  rumitun  of  igeka  to  bebroaia  («r  caai  lioa). 

Windoara  to  he  .provided  with  atfoi«  iprlag  broon 
tath  faatanan  and  UAa,  All  ewli^i^  or  vanillatiM 
•aah  In  !»;  prortdad  witk  a  lalMkctorv  appaniui  Ibi 
opening  and  cloaing,  to  be  openiad  Aoai  ike  loor  of  the 
building.  All  twinging  oa  caaUa  to  have  »tn  heavy 
caat  tranaaiBplataa. 

AU  general  hardwara,  nelbiMnwa.hliwea,  at.-  neeea- 
•ary  in  coaipltte  the  work  to  be  ftimlahaJ  ee  mr  b«  n- 
quired  during  Iha  pnwraM  of  Iha  bulkili«,  and 'o  be  of  Ike 
beat  AmaricaB  manumetura. 

Iran  Work. 

All  the  clanipi,  ilea,  lenaton  ban.  (rua*  rodi,  bohe, 
Ulmipa.  ban.  and  oiker  Iroa  work,  lanulred  la  the  varl> 


•"•■"»•••  ■— •••  ano  o^war  irvn  wnni.nquiraa  IB  iRa  van- 
oaa  parte  of  ihc  building,  to  be  Awnbhed  of  the  tr* 
qiMliiy  wnmghl  iron,  and  made  la  the  keel  awnner, 
Mi^t  10  the  approval  and  dliaetkma  of  the  ef«laaer 
in  ckMfa.  it  btiac  niMlemoed  V$  tha  parHii  n5i. 


>3« 


CONTRACTS, 


1 


coMiMI.  llnl  ludi  bok*,  han,  etc.,  an  to  ha  IntnKiucad 
U  iha  ducNticn  of  tha  uld  anginaar,  wh«rav«r  ha  may 
daam  It  naomary  to  aauiri  iiranaih  to  tha  building. 

Tha  VMoglit  Iron  In  (Ka  kMion  maaiban  of  roof 
truuaa  ovar  ganaral  lickat  offica  muti  ba  tough  aad 
libroiM,  and  capaUaofruUling  an  uliiraala  lanaila  iiraaa 
of  A Ay-Ava  ihoucand  ( JSiOoo)  pounda  lu  ih«  «|u«i«  inch. 

All  lha  catting*  ra<|uired  in  tha  cxacutiun  of  tha  work 
to  ba  matla  of  good  lough  Iron,  tnia  and  iraind.fraa  float 
llawi,  crackt,  bubhlca,  or  dafect*  of  any  kind. 
Lumhar  •n4  CMrpantar  Work. 


All  lha  lumbar  throughout  ihe  building,  axeapt  whan 
•rilcularty  >«paalR«d  to  lha  contrary,  to  Da  Ant  quality 
whila  pina,  nrca  from  (hakat  and  llaw*  and  uraound 


knsit,  and  iaavary  «ray  tnllabla  for  tha  varioua  purpoaaa 
hilandad. 

Dfr».    Oultida  doora  to  ba  in  two  (i)  thIeknaMat  of 
ant  and  ona-half  (iK)  Inch  claar  whIla  piae.  lha  outtida 
ihickiMM  to  ba  franiad  and  chamCtrad,  and  lha  InlaHor 
thlcknaia  to  ba  diagonal  boards,  tongnad,  groovad,  and 
'  )  Incnaa  in 


baadad,  not  aacaeding  thraa  (j) 


lagonal 
sding 


width,  lha 


whola  10  ba  waii  plnn«l  and  terawad  togMhar,  all  aingla 
doora  to  baoM  aad  a  half(iX)  Inchaa  thick,  panalM 
and  mouldad  on  both  aidaa. 

Tha  watar  ckiaata  lo  hava  short  slat  daen,  hung 
twalva  (la)  inches  abova  lha  Hoots. 

IfmMt..  Tha  eaaing  for  windoart  and  doora,  cornices, 
poreh,  lanlarn,  dormar  windows,  and  all  ganarat  AnUh 
10  ba  of  Am  quaiilv  whila  plna.  In  strict  aocordaaca  to 
tha  alavationa,  saciiona,  and  ditaiia. 

Kfri.  F1ootsaratobaof<Hiaandaquarlar(i)^)lnch 
somham  yallow  pina,  not  ovar  thraa  (})  Inchaa  wida, 
tonpiad  and  grouvad,  diasaad  on  lha  uppar  surfltoe,  ami 
sacral  nailad  to  tha  loitl.  Tha  JoiM  to  ba  of  ihiaa  ( j)  by 
six  (SI  Inch  hamiock,  laid  eightaan  (il)  Inehas  lo  can- 
trsa,  aaospt  on  saeond  Aoor,  whara  ihay  ara  to  ba  thraa 
by  iwslva  (3x1*)  lachas  sactioa,  laid  aixlaan  (16)  Inehas 

MtiH  liWh  itmd  fltrtUiuu.  Tha  main  (Vaning  of 
all  ouuida  wall*  la  to  ba  whila  pina  Jrassad.  Tha  cor- 
bar  posts  aia  to  ba  alghl  by  aighl  (Ixt)  Inehas,  and  tha 
intanficdiala  posts  fi>ur  by  swit  Ual)  inehas  sactlon, 
and  Allad  In  with  ihres  by  ibur(3xs)  Ineh  rough  hamiock 
scantling.    To  ba  wall  braead  and  bridgad. 

Kti^.  AHroofilmbaibiabaorwhitaptnaofiliasiiai, 
and  mmad  as  shoara  In  tha  drawings,  to  ba  drssaad  and 
ehnmlbrad.    Tha  roof  shaathing  to  ba  of  ona  (1)  inch 


flrst  quality  spniea  shaadiiag  boards,  planad  on  tha  uppar 
stda  to  a  surwos,  and  not  aacaading  aiaht  (I)  Incha  in 
width.    Tha  posts  of  patch  10  bacaaad  and  Rniahedaa 


shown  on  aiavallons. 

SsaA.  All*asktebaoiiaandahair(i)()lnehaalMchi 
thosa  la  windo#s  to  ba  4oubla  huail  on  approved  aula 
piilliiys ;  lha  bniam  saak  to  ba  huna in  oaotra  oitinw. 
som  pbias,  and  opanad  and  cloaad  with  saeliana  of  rods 
with  arms  coanaetiag  with  sash  aad  opoatad  by  cords 
(htM  the  floor  with  whasl  on  and  orahana.  Ttia  vanli. 
lator  to  ba  opeoad  and  deaad  by  cord  and  pulley  at- 
ranfsd  as  shoam  oa  tha  sacliao. 

(KaiiuetHng.  AM  the  walla  aad  paitilioM  on  the 
Instda  and  oulsida  of  baiMiBg  10  be  walnscalad  to  tha 
haigHt  of  lha  window  s4ls  wiik  one  (1)  Inch  white  pina, 
tonpned.  groovad  and  beadM,  and'laid  vertically  inaidii 
and  diagaaally  ouisiae  with  baae>«ad  cap  aa  par  dmw- 
laB. 

TWsdfaw.  AHwiadowa.aaccptUiMsMa.iokavaboK 
framaa,  fltiad  wiib  ihf  aateaiary  pimtt,  styles,  ate. 

411  IktauftmNr  sawn*  armtgttmt  iktMUii^  to 
bu  axeeuMd  aocordiag  to  tbata  .ipaciflearfom  and  tba 
drawings  haraiabarore  lafcnaa  to,  aad  such  additloBal 
draariagiaa  ■ay  harsaftsT  b>  awda  In  axaaipUflcatiea 
of  the  saats,  aad  ail  carpsMtjr  aot  hasaia  Meatlonad, 
aad  which  may  ba  asesnary  tat  the  oamplala  and 
proper  aaamiioB  of  tha  work,  to  be  MihMy  doac  aad 


proper 
Btiaiah( 


lagaiiAOiautiac. 

and  exterior,  aroM  aad  .ran  work, 


Tha  enlira  iaterior  I  , 

«f  tha  buHdlDg.  aaeapt  ipieilor  aaiMe  of  roar  sheaihiag, 
take  Mated  M  thraa  (3)caaM  para  white  t«ad,  ia  bast 
Hnaaaa  oil,  in  anektiataat  May  badirseted  by  iMaagi- 
aaer  aad  arehitact. 

The  phttatad  surlkca  of  lha  auda  ti^k^  oAca  and  tha 
esMrfciror>thabialdtag  to  be  painMd  aad  itaacinad  aa 
■my  ba  diiadad.  The  intatioc  aaifliM  ofiroof  fbeathiag 
i»  be  calioflaad  bi  two  coat*. 

T*a  wladowa  aad  transaoi  Bgkia  thraufneitt  to  be 
■aaaa  ^nia  osas  iisaanaaa  maaa,  waii  aaaBaa,  uiauuau, 
Sm  ahw  Md  pM*arM  *•  B>a»bdia  oTB 


work.    liBBlsras  lo  ka  glaaad  wilk  dark  darat^calctad 


Plaatariag. 

TIm  Interior  of  all  rooms  and  the  1 


TiM  Interior  of  all  rooms  and  the  exterior  lo  ka  wal 

Slastarad  In  two(*)coatt  saad  Anith:   callliw  10  be 
nlshad  In  the  tide  rooais  in  hard  white  coal. 


Tha  roaiarials  to  ba  of  the  best  ouatlty,  and  the  work 
lacutad  in  a  good  and  workmaniika  manner. 
Whaiavar  jobbing  and  repairing  that  may  ba  atcctsary 


to  reader  the  building  perfcci  befora  lu  Anal  accapunce  by 
tha  anginaar  and  architect.  Is  lo  ba  wall  and  truly  dona, 
without  extra  charge. 

PlamMag. 

Ifi'lmtU.  Large  tisa  corner  BadAirdshini  porcelala 
urinal  to  ba  ptacad  as  :hnwn.  To  have  a  lhrsa.ouarler 
(K>  inch  braaa  supply,  and  a  Avr  fblhs  (M>  Inch  stop, 
rock,  wiih  a  cap  on  lop,  aad  a  oac  and  a  hair(iM)  iuSk 
waste  pipe  and  trap. 

W»ik$UHult.  Tkrowashstandsiobcpbcadasshown, 
to  have  one  and  oaa^aighih  (iH)  Inch  marble  counter- 
sunk  top,  twalva  (<s)  inch  back,  and  Ibunaan  (14)  inch 
porcelain  bowl,  with  plated  cocka,  piugs,  and  chains, 
and  the  naeessary  waste  pipe  aad  trap. 

Kvarylhliig  in  connaction  with  tha  phmbing  which 
mav  be  naeessary  10  a  ciadiiabla  and  proper  eomplstlitn 
of  UM  lM.:!J?Bg  to  be  provided  aa  auy  be  directed  by  the 
engineer  in  charge,  and  all  lha  work  lo  ba  done  la  the 
best  and  moat  auDalamial  manner. 

Wkltr  OnH:  Water  cloaets  to  hava  Travis  regular 
valve  romalneia,  with  (our  (4)  inch  caul  iron  trap  10 
each,  coaaectiag  by  a  six  (6)  inch  iroa  soil  pipe  whh  the 
drainage. 

Rooflaa. 

The  roof  to  be  eoversd  with  Aral  quality  tin  (sheet 
iron,  «r  other  malarial),  painted  arith  taro  coats  slate 
color  mslaHIo  (#r  flrcptnof )  paint. 

All  guttefa  to  be  formed  in  tha  bmmi  approved  nuM- 
mr,  of  Aral  quality  1  C  rooAi^  fin  wall  painted  with 
two  coaia  metallic  paint,  and  saeursly  coanaciad  to  dowa 
spouts  running  into  tha  drainMS. 

The  down  spouis  used  to  ba  four  (4)  inchaa  amuirs, 
and  in  sulRciaai  number  to  insure  proper  drainage. 
Spouu  to  be  prottclsd  bv  wooden  boxes,  extending  mir 
(4 )  fiwt  abova  the  groand. 

The  upper  Aoor  on  porch  lo  be  onverad  with  tin,  aad 
palmed  SB  abova. 

ftaadry  DataUa* 

Addltimml  Drawimf.    AddiUoaal  daMil  aadwpric 


ing  drawinas  wiU  be  fumishad  in  en  inpUflcalioa  of  ika 
foregoing,  iMa  liaM  to  tissa,  aa  they  may  be  reoulrad : 
andli  is  to  ba  dlstineily  uadaisiood  that  all  soeki 


lional  drawing  shaD  bt  of  equal  force  wHk  those  which 
ara  henria  apadAcitny  cilad ;  and  tha  said  addhhtnal 
drawings  aia  to  be  eooaideted  as  virtually  aaibraoad 
within  and  femlM  part  of  these  spsciAeadeos. 

AUtrmthmt.  It  b  ahw  uadsfaiood  that  the  aagtoaar 
and  archilact  of  the  buJMuig  shall  have  taa  rAl  (a 
■Mke  any  aberatioaa,  adaitiaas,or  oailsaioaa  ai  arork 
or  amiariab  hsreia  anacMad  or  shoara.  or  in  tha  tar- 
ings, dmkig  tha  ptagress  of  ike  baildiag,  that  be  auy 
And  to  be  neoassary ,  aad  the  saaie  shatt  ba  acccM  10 1 7 
the  connactor  or  coatractora,  aad  carHod  iaio  aiktt 
arithoot  la  aay  annr  vMaliag  or  viiiaiiag  tha  cemract. 
And  dka,  value  or  aU  suck  auacailoaa,  adoMoas,  or 
omtssioa*  skali  be 
said 
going  into 


ttfca  agned  tipoa^la^dag.JwiwataAa 


them  by  altKif  party. 

Otrt  ^  MtSSitd  W^k.     particular  care  jaatt  ka 
taken  ky  dia  eoatractor  or  all  the  Bnished  wmk  aa  ike 


buUdfaMt  woff  aiasa,  whlcw  iwih  waist  be  covatad  aa  aa4 
thotoapay  pwitaacd  ftom  krfury  ar  iWice 
the  crsctloa  and  complellon  »  dU  ballding. 

lUmmMU  V  KmUitk,  He.  AU  refuse  wawrial  aad 
nibbi«k,thal  amy  aeeuaulata  during  the  piogwis  of  lha 
work  to  bo  raiaeradi  ntaa  dlaa  lo  tioie,.  as  amy  ba 
diractad  by  tha  fagtater  In  ckame,  aad  oa  the  eoaalaii 
tioa  of  tk*  wofk  an  iIm  groMktb  A«w  }m  dioreagMy 
cleaned  ay,  aad  the  surnilba  Material  aad  nAWih  eanad 
away. 

AUr,  iMsasr,  He.    lit*  eOMractor  is  to  aaiMH  aK 

"  Btaraeci' 
lha  a««i« 


_aasaaiaa 

of  aaglaot  of  dq/  w  dksttiict  atdlnaaL 

aay  other  cauaa.    The  anginMr  i*  ouMs  of  tha 
shall  bava  M  pa««r  at  any  tiMti  «UikK  the      ' 


vwar. 
t»Va« 


-^h 


I  with  duk  claf«l-«ilan4 

ia«. 

id  lb*  •Klorior  lo  b(  w«l 
■d  Rnltn :  calUnoi  lo  ba 
lard  wMm  com. 
M*l  auallly,  and  iha  work 
Mnlilit  maimtr. 
ringikai  may  b«  Mcntiry 
ifon  lu  Riwl  McapMiKC  by 
to  b«  w«U  and  truly  doiw, 

Ins- 

■r  Badfcrdthira  porraUla 

To  ha**  a  tKnw-quaittr 

ivf    |hih>(M)inchMa^ 

ioMaiidaliaIr(i)i)ii>A 

indii  to  be  placed  ■*  ikowa, 
1^)  inch  aiarblc  couniw 
ch,  and  (biiriMn  (14)  inch 
:ockt,  pluffi,  aad  chaiiM, 
tad  trap. 

with  the  phimMiig  which 
bk  and  propar  cofflplttl4n 
at  auy  M  diraclad  by  the 
•  worfc  M  ba  don*  la  ih« 
inar. 

iet«  to  hava  Tra*la  i«|uiar 
4)  Inch  oaot  Iran  trap  to 
neh  iroB  soil  pip*  with  the 


ih  Aral  quality  tin  (tbaat 
iiad  with  two  coats  (lata 
aint. 

th*  moet  approved  aiaa. 
ag  fin  well  painted  with 
Kunly  coanactad  to  dowa 
ge. 
M  four  (4)  inchai  iquar*, 

imurt  proper  drainage, 
den  boiM,  exMnding  bur 

be  onvcred  with  da,  aad 

•taUa. 

diUoaal  detail  aad  woA- 
In  art  inpUAeatioa  of  the 
IS  tbay  may  be  riqulNd ; 
itood  that  ail  sacbaddi- 
al  force  wMk  those  which 

ami  the  said  addiiiooal 
d  as  vlrtiiadjr  eaibnoad 
■*  speeifleatloas. 
•TStood  that  the  aatfnasr 

shaa  hava  lite  rlaM  to 
m,  or  owleaiMis  er  work 
t  showa,  er  ia  th*  draw- 
k*  baildiBff ,  thai  ka  auy 
laiethtUba  ac««MloT>y 
I,  aad  csnied  Into  *#m 
orviliatiac  riiaoeairact. 
ihaiailon*,  addMoas,  or 
ifjajrrltlag.  batwaba^^rtw 
id  tNe  coaiiai*tar»  hawia 
oaradca  ariB  be  iMds  Cm 

Pankular  cars  awsl  b* 
th*  Initlied  woik  aa  lb* 
k  aMM  be  coveted  iw  aa^ 
m  er  dsfeic»w«B>  &t<at 
t^baiidiag. 
AttrduM  iMttiW  a«l 
tHing  the  pragrHs  «f  Iha 
■f  to  lima,,  ta  wqr  ba 
MH,  aad  on  Iks  Coaala. 
**  ftiHst  t*  tkare^r 
iteriat  aad  ntMlth  wnad 

airaeior  is  to  Miwlai  an 
loaed  hyaaglaetaraaci* 
IM  wotk.  tiMit  tbksaai* 
acwM»lbitke*M 

ItUMMilHbfiiaMwfi, 

irietsMiB*»eM,«rf 
<T  i««iwlMof)M« 

l*«Diiitbe|MtNli4 


CONTRACTS. 


«37 


nM  saaM,  le  r<|e*t  aay  aMIerlalt  he  aMy  deem  ansuM- 
abie  Ibr  Ike  purposes  for  which  they  art  Intended,  er 
which  are  not  In  ttrlct  contormliy  with  the  »pint  of 
these  ipselAcaiiaas.  He  shall  ako  hava  the  power  10 
caoss  aay  inlMor  or  uniaia  work  ta  ba  ukan  dowa  aad 
BlMied  at  ike  coit  ef  the  eonuaetor. 
Form  of  Blda. 

Ia  aukinc  bids,  parties  wiU  state  the  total  sum  for  the 
bujUUageompieta. 

They  win  sho  state  the  eaitlast  llaM  they  caa  com- 
amaes  aad  eoaiplate  the  bulldlB«. 

CaBtrtMt— ^alMliiff  «■«  C— tr«— liwi. 

Arttetaa  ef  agraomant  madia  aiMI  eoncludad  thia 

day  of ,  A.  O. ,  by  and  batwaaa  the 

city  of  —  OB  tha  Arat  part,  and  C  O.,  of  tbo 
■aeoiid  oart,  witnaaaath : 

Tkat  hr  and  lo  ecmaidafatloB  of  tho  pojmiaoia 
haioiiiafkar  maotiooad,  to  bo  oMdo  by  tbo  aal 


porty  of  th*  ftrat  port,  t^a  aoM  party  of  tbo  aaeond 
port  ritall  niratob  oil  matartal  aad  lobar,  aod 
complota  to  tha  aatlafaetion  and  aeaaptanca  of 
tho  chief  angiaaar  and  ■onroyor  of  tho  alty  ef 

,  on  of  tha  anaavatton.  brtah-work.  Mlog  In, 

rapoWng,  ond  aooh  otkor  work  aa  may  bo  raqul- 
alto  to  •onatruot  a  aawar.  ayon  tho  Itao  of  (Mm*  «r 
l»t  trwti  <*  tt  t0iutnieltd),  oiid  aomplala  tha  aam* 
o*  or  boforo  tho  -—  day  of  — -,  h  aacordanoa 
with  tho  following 

SMKinCATMN*. 

Said  aawer  thaO  be  eireubv  la  forai,  and  built  of 

brick,  wlik  a iach  arek  and  eountar  arch,  and 

hava  a  clear  intlds  dlanater  of Ibat  and  — —  inches. 

Bacavallona.  Th*  gRNind  to  ba  cxcavattd  In  open 
lianchts  to  the  aaosaaary  wfallh  and  depth,  aad  of  suck 
lengths,  at  one  lima,  aa  shal  be  diractsd  by  the  sur- 
veyor. Such  poftloas  of  ika  aaeavatleoB  not  required 
for  illinK  after  eoaipletloti  of  tk*  brick  work,  to  b* 


haulsdetaMl  ^e^ttd  in  sack  loealhiea  w  shaH  not 
IniMforawlikMureragHlallaaeortheeity.  fke  bottom 
to  b*  hoaowad  oat  to  the  eiact  form  aad  lias  of  the 
lowwr  seeHoa  of  setasr  10  be  laid  ia  it. 


r  10  be  laid  ia  it. 
,.  8aldcoatra<torBhall,athlsown 
Mpaaae,  shore  up,  tUng,  praieet,  aher,  divert,  restore 
and  luka  gwid,**  aurv  ke  nifisiy.aB  water  pipt*. 
gaa  pliNa,  sawats.  draiai,  buOdh^.  foaoas,  m  otker 


propsitles,  wMtk  any  be'disnnkod'er  fa^arad  duHng 
the  preanse  of  the  wark. 

BadgrtiMd,  rm»mi»g  tmad,  wafr,  ttt.  8aM  eon- 
traetor  shaU.  at  kl*  own  eaaansa,  pomp  eat,  ar  ether- 
**^  M7*  •f!"*'*  ****  "V  ••*«  » the  liaa-»— 
and  shaU  form  diafaM  or  otker  work*  aaaemaiy  for  1 
ing  ika  amavMloos  elaar  of  watsrduriag  lhaat«_..„ 
oTSwoifc.  Iaeata^oriuBaiaasMtd,oreih*rbaor 
tMBcMMsgrooad.  Ika  work  ska  b»p>oe»sdsd  wWt 
1W  JTi-.TT  ••*<»«  '••»™p»l»«.  mi  tk*  eonaiar 
sbaliha  hid  h  a  thabsr  cmM.  If  io  ditoetsd  by  MM 

a*  Mill*' 
era« 


iforfto  kajBuHid  *f  aa  aa  »»  U 
aa  pwaMa  to  rim  MdMo  tnUk, 
*,  unkas  aan*tlan*d  by  atid  sur« 


y  i^aiwi,  muees  sawBtia 

TMor,  <Mit  ati  ba  HMowa  or  dsMoltad 
siifcwalks^ar  tha  foeMay  cteaii^  at 


ilvaaidi 

OOltftlCt 


two  fott  hi  trtdih,  ofito  for 


al  aitai _^ 

WW  WMlMMnM 

nr4Mkr«r«br 


boat  all  mitsa 


>ta  for  aoUla  MS*,  aad  a  lafo  krld 
'  croMib,  at  katt  thna  fott  arlda 
wrf  the  guMMB  thaK  aba  be  k 


bahiMmpuMlblafcr 
todlyhlaah  er  walhe  ait^.. 


bek^ 

■••uppwfwa  WW! 
I  hM  oonctiMtM^  to 
Khaunrhappeoto 

M  OH piBuniiiM.    IB  mi  aMMTta  «hl(ii'th* larveyar 
to >•  «mm|[  jhA  wlih  foe*  of  tnA.  aad,  Mam  Mhar. 


to  b*  mad*  wlih  a  carve  In  the  rtlrwtion  of  lite  cttrreal 
of  the  sewer,  with  the  Isrgett  aUnisslble  radius ;  to  be 
given  by  the  surveyor. 

AH  tmmrt  «r  Jr»im  mtt  with  »r  cut  Ihrttifk  shall 
be  conneetad  as  diractsd,  or  If  to  deilrcd,  they  shall  be 
perfectly  rastored  to  the  umc  cun>lltion  at  befuie  the 
Gommencemr     of  the  work. 

ntrrtuM  lUII  t*  €»ri/klfy  JUM  in  and  the  work 
baclied^up  in  a  proper  manner  a*  it  proceeds,  and  shall 
be  properly  puddled,  after  the  completion  ofsuch  lengths 
of  the  Mwer  as  may  ba  dirscttd. 

ImUlt  »nd  m»n-M*  tktOi$  (the  latter  with  nine-inch 
waUs  laid  in  csmenl)  shall  1m  constructed  in  euch  posi- 
tions, and  of  such  forms  and  dimenalons  a*  .-nay  bs  di- 
rscted  by  the  chief  engideer  and  surveyor. 

lignal  llghta.  That  said  party  of  the  second  pari 
shall  properly  ei  »a  the  said  work,  and  place  sigmd 
lights  thereon  at  lught. 

■urCacaa  dlaturbed.  ate.  All  paving,  or  other  sur^ 
face  material  which  auy  have  betn  di»turbed,  shall  be 
replaced  to  the  tatinractioo  and  approval  of  the  chiel 
commlasioner  of  highwsys  (#r  0tlur  *r«*tr  mMttr, 
mmmti^  Um).  »    »      ■«. 

Tunoallng.  Any  tunneling  necessary,  in  be  taken 
out  of  sufflcieal  siss  to  admit  of  rsquisile  timbering, 
ouuida  the  sewer,  leaving  room  for  proper  keyiiw  to  i  n- 
sut«  subility :  but  In  no  case  will  tunneling  be  allowed, 
unlets  with  the  express  sanction  of  the  chief  enginoir 
and  surveyor. 

OBMBaAi.  PaoviaioNa,  ate. 

That  said  contra^ldr  shall  be  rstponsibi*  for  and  pay 
an  lose  or  damage,  which  may  arise  by  reason  of  the 
proseeatlon  of  the  said  work;  and  in  case  of  the  kap- 
pening  of  such  lou  or  daraaae,  the  amount  ifwrtof  shall 
be  relalatdby  the  party  of  the  Arst  pan  out  of  any  pay- 
ment or  payments  due  or  10  grow  due  hereunder. 

That  said  coalractor  shall  pay  the  charges  of  the  sur- 
veyor and  rtgukitor  of  the  district  for  furnishing  the 

linos  aad  levels,  aa  directed  in  section of  aa  opJl- 

nance  ealltledVrwA/v  t^  ''ttf  V  ll^  trttmamt). 

'  _  CoKPaMSATIOM. 

That  said  part*  of  the  second  part  win  perform  the 
work  embraeed  In  this  contract,  In  conformity  with 
exlsllnst  ordinances,  and  to  iks  saliafoetion  and  acce|il- 
anca  of  the  chief  engineer  and  surveyor ;  and  also  that 
tha  city  of  — ,  thraagk  tks  chief  coramisriaaer  sf 
highways  (•r  tthtr  prtftr  qdrrrr,  mmmhig  him),  will 
pay  hi  auuHMr  hereinafter  speclfled,  the  foUowii*  suits, 
and  at  Ike  following  mtis : 

Ar  imtkmmdrtny  Itmtmr/ut  of  sewer  constructed, 
inchislv*  of  lamoving  aad  replacing  the  paving-stones, 
excaeallag  tko  material  aad  reUling, doNars  an<i 


nrtmek  sm/  tmny  MtMtr/M<  ot  aawar,  two  and  a 
half  Ikatdiametar.ferhi'  


half  foot  diametar,  for  hilci  connection,  chaigeable  v  ider 
thhi  ajratawnt,  — —  dolfors  and  —  cents. 

/br  aoni  mmd  imrf  mmuMt,  eonstrueted  with  nine- 
lack  wall,  east-iton  curb  ind  gralim.  and  nr.ougkt-ta>m 
kinoed  cover.  — —  rtillars  aml-i —  cents. 

Ar  aarA  «m#  «*o»y  dnIrA  ott^  «A«w  MW.  with  drctP' 
m  ceoaaetioa  two  and  a  half  foel  bi  diameter,  net  aa« 
ceedtag  Maaa  fosi  iakoglk, -»  deOars  aail  — -  cent*. 

^or  rani  000  4Stny  Mtr>aiwo  wtU9t,  an^i  ceonection 
not  CKceedlnK  ttmm  fo*t  la  M«ik,  — —  dollarB  and 


the  whoi*  la  aB  rtspacts,  a*  previdad  ia  tiUs 


Tkat  Ika  pHesa  above  spadAsd  skaM  be  In  foM  com- 
pcntaiica  for  al  aunariaki  Mri  kibor  raquirsd  to  put  the 
■M  Into  lb*  work  keisin  coaiiacttd  for,  aad  cooialeta 
'      "        acts,  as  previdad  ia  this  specflka- 

niymooto. 

Thai  dM  payments  Uersfor  shall  ba  made  by  dm 
ckiaf  euaimlitlentr  of  blgkantye,  apoa  eMsMM* 
slgapd  by  the  chief  snglasar  aad  Mtrvsyor.  hi  swsss 
amot  bffls  ptaaaiod  at  specUM  hi  aaeiioa  II  of  aa 
oidlaaaea  (utthu  awl  Mr  Mik  4/ (Araoatr).  and  war- 
ram*  upon  ike  City  lisasilitr.  to  aa  aaMonl  as  author- 
ised hy  aa  oidhma**,  *tc.,ln  payamM  for  th*  siratt 
Intatsactiens,  ana-koM*.  aad  heal  dadactioas.  All  af 
wkick  payment*  shaU  be  ieeeived  a*  so  auick  caih,  aad 
b*  colleeiad  wMmm  rteeurta  to  said  cityof  — .but 
for  ih*  purpoa*  of  ih*  b«it*r  eaabilBg  them  to  cellcM 
ihataaM,  the  nam*  of  the  saM'dty  may  b*  na«d,*nd  al 
h*rl*g*l  renMRHas.  whathor  by  km  or  adwrwiaaom 

""Tftiii  tha  work  hMala  coalraetad  for  aad  noted  ia 
•MdlcaihMa  kali  b*  kapi  la  good  ardcr  I7  iIm  party 
•«aia  iMMri  fait. for  a  ima  of  riMO  yaMaAwtkS 


ff 


iji 


d*M  of  trwl  Mti«MM  tiMnfor,  M  pfovhM  la  M  of*- 
nanc*  (#r  rateiiHina)  ■ppfovad  (•r  ommJ),  — -.  »"<« 
ihit  In  COM  oT  biku^  to  compiy  with  ilw  nqulmnMH 
oT  thU  coMTKi,  by  i^^ailiUlInc  lh«  work  accordinf  w 
.pKlAeaUM  Wilkin  iIm  tfm,  h.r.<n  iMdlM,  lh.r.  iMy 
ifdMucMd  from  Um  And  MlimaM.br  (h«  jMof  «a 
el,y  of ,  lh«  tun  of  ^v*  tUUmft.  •»  MlpuUted  <tom- 

•?copun«m«yexc«dlJ»«  «  »•  fl«jd  huhh  contract. 

TlUt  I.CM.  th«  tp.d8c.Uoii..  which  «f«Mt  |»rt  of 
ikl.  comnMSi.  or  th.  Jlwctioii.  of  th.  th'o'*"^'^';^ 
iurv.yor,h>v«  not  b.««  ^mP*'**  *'»•'• 'f*"''?.;?^!;! 
•nglnUr  and  turrtyor  ts  h«f«by  nuthoHjcd  to  withhold 
ihTdiwi  Mtl««u  until  lh«  work  It  f»"P='lr  •"? -'{'»■ 
bctonlycomplMwl;  or  h«  thall  nrnk.  tuch  deduction 
thn^froa  M,  In  hit  iudgnwnt,  wlU  eom|»n«t.  for,  or 
imair  any  nraltct  on  th.  p«n  of  th.  contractor. 

Thai  nb      "'  —' 

caM  from  I 

IniWiMM*.«W. 

thaCltyof-—..  , 

By ( OMcM  t^ma/ur*  m»4  l&lf.) 

Bmteut«d  In  prtmnM  ofl 
W.  T.  Mt  B.  J 

ThMXT.  hM  kirMd  Mflth  C.  O..  fof  th.  iraai 

«f doltan,  to  CMStrtict  and  flnlsh  •  turnpik* 

„,4, in  width,  la  a  Cood^Mbatantial.  and 

workmaattk*  manaar,  aa  aurvayad  and  laid  otit, 

froM to ,OB  or  halara  tha day  of- — i 

naat  aaatilng.  

Aacant.  ctib.  ftlla,  grada,  ate 


CONTRACTS. 


•■Itct  on  th.  p«n  oi  tn.  comracwr. 
lb  paynant  will  b.  ma<W,  excaiH  upon  a  c«ti«- 
I  tlM  chi«f  anglanr  and  turvayor. 


tald  road  durtagdMpmaalMoalh.  and  ihalleoMpiMi 
awi  Aalih  ik.  mumi  on  or  bdoia  ih.  «««h  of 

That  It  thaU  b.  »o  ooaiplM.d  aud  Anlth^  two  roda 

(«r Ism)  within  tuck  lood,  tubatamtal,  and  woih- 

nanlik.  maunar,  unllonnity,  that  hurta,  cattla,  car- 
riaaaa,  caru,  drayt.  laanu,  and  chiclet  of  «»wy  da- 
tciTpilon,  with  cuatooMry  Wda,  auy,  ihraughoul  lu 
•n(ir«  axient,  and  upon  all  awi  avary  part  tknwf,  pata 
and  trawl  with  UM  and  Mfily. 

That  aald  A.  ».  ahaU  raaalva  aald  wm  of 

dollara  In  paymanta  aa  foUewai  (/MylfrMU, 
tint*!  mmd  »m»mmi$). 

la  witnaaa,  ate. 

CMlUrM»-«M*tra««lMi    IUi«   tatMVM. 


That  In  comtruetlna  aald  road  o»«r  any  hllla 
.:. . Z lA  i.    B.  wlH  cuttb* 


be  la  taid  turvey  or  rouw,  tald  A.  B.  win  cut  tne  taaaa 
down  and  fitt  th*  vallsyt  bMwteo  th.  tame,  removing 
alt  obitructloni  in  tuch  a  manner  that  th.  aacent  of  aay 
tuch  htn  thall  not  In  any  place  be  grMlO'  than  km  da- 
«re«  from  the  bate  thereof.  . ,  ^    .  „  .  . 

That  the  tide,  of  all  eottlngi  whldl  than  be  made 
Ihfoii^  any  inch  hlllt  thaU  bo  at  aa  aagh  of  twenty- 
twoaid  one-half  damta.  dtMtndlyS  lewaidt  and ead. 
ln«  at  the  boundt  of  tald  road.        ■ 

Vldcaa,etihrarta,ditehaa.aluicao,Ma. 

ThattaldA.B.  will  at  every  brook,  enA.fulley.ra. 
»lae.  aad  every  ortwr  al«>a  ejiere  A.  wme  aWl^ 
■Mtiaary.  erect  and  make  gcod  and  aumeat  DilOfm, 
SSvmrMd  thdca  of  Mi&Ue.  telid.  and  ti^Miai 
ttoae  work  for  the  paiiaai  of  atf  waM  undw  th^wrna. 

That  ail  ditchm  KrVe  ""^  <•*•»«*  ••** 
and  lultabie  manner,  with  auRdeat  «|>^>  >mI«^ 
whenever  mdd  nmd  It  over  hWa  «»»«  »^  ^-^^f^^, 
ihadlataaeeefevcryMa  or  twelvn  rMt,  lahe  maaada 
STthe  read  of  aalfeiant  Wd«  »a  tw«o»  iha  waM 
that  may  ftB  upon  It  to  the  ^da  dterte^,  to  tet  aald 
rowl  may  ao*  be  waahed  or  gidUed  tharAy. 

fromdialevdtbeioDr.  Thatin  eo*  or  apoajyjroaad 
he  wOi  laiie  It  adBmore,  aa  *e  tJMitfea  (TAi  road 

:sl.^XH:ssir«£«g^agS 

IS*,  eem^  and  "■«b~«M«'T**^^fflL&T!: 

Thatla  cananaeitag  arid  read  orer  low  baAt  Aoy 

•ill  rdae  m7ScmSSt\»  a<uaa(at  M|i>  ••  t>fil>mS 

water  aflwk  of  the  year -r-»a»t  peat,  arjeoJpiAat 

water  itnll  not  o»«<low «« .« .WV  ^*»  5L~J!Cj 
bitt  that  aald  road  ahaB  at  ott  tinea /eniatadty.ao  that 
itmay  be  tnwelled  wjth  caaa  aad  afljty. 
■•Vt  aald  road  ahaB ,  iipaa  coardetloii  *me*,ko  Bja 
I  a  obaiHittioaa,  atoata.  fte..  Md  l»  «*«a  tUrf- 
,,  and  travd  ^eiaea  «*•  yi»  •{*«» 
J  Imanhtr  or  okatnietad  aatlMwe  »ewpf- 
iUtaSBr^lhat -dd  A.  B.  tNA-t^^aMl 


aaM  toad.at  aK  r--f^  -■— ..  t_ 
rea^aa  warn  aarvmd  and  MM  «««i_ 

tald  iWMyka  MataMTii^Mi^ 
TlM«MAB.iki|l 


Of  Prtwimu  Cml'^- 

Thia  agraamant.  aw.,  witnaoaathi 

That  ardurerenca  haa  haratofero  arleaa  -^---3- 
tha  partlaa  to  thoaa  araaanta,  In  ralaMon  to  th^ 
raapaoUva  tights  and obUgattena  undai  aaorWn 

MnttMthoMlng  data  tha day  of .hatwaan 

them. 

That  aald  partlaa  tharato  have  mw  mom  to  a 
nttituat  nndaratMtdlagiiiid  MPrMmaat  rMMetiM 
^  tha  mattara  in  ditbraaoa  nfcraaaM.  hod  for 
Sm  govammaat  of  thamaahroa  nndar  tha  aama 
hancafMrward,  hatalM**-  to  tjJ^JP"!;;*  ••* 
ll»rdithaaMaa«ada<  jfUt^SMftrngmMyn 

righto  and  ob%t«tlr  It  ,     .^ 

I.  That thaflral  %  af  "lid  agraament 

la  latandad  to  aal   -m  dato  of  miiliing  and 

Partlaa  to  aaM  agi»tyt*A??»-^  ^  .^  aeM.. 

a.  That  tha  aaeand  paragraph  of  mm  *V**: 
meat  ia  Intandad  to,  ato.,et«o  (rtMMAv  Mttf  Mr«nr* 
Ikt  miir*  t^rttrnttU). 

In  ttrlteaaa  whareof,  ate. 


Gtmtrml  Ctmrtrr. 
Thiaahaftarparto.afiada  and.conetadad  «pan 

In  tho  city  of .tho  — r  *W  of --ito  tho  year 

of  our  I  -ord  ONO  nNNiaaad  aMit  hundratand  -— , 

hotwa.  .  M.  K.,  of  tho a ,  of  tho  horthoa 

of tona,  ar  tharaahotita,  raglater  raaaanra 

meat,  BOW  Mag  In  tiio  harher  of- — ,  of  tha  iiM 
part,  and  ••  K..  ofthe  aaopnd  part,  witniaaath  t 

VMaallwTtk  theesoepdon  of  the  deck,  c^Mn,  aad  ae- 
ciiaary  imm  for  dia  erew  and  tteragi  of  aroviaiena. 
taaa.aBdaiblea),or  airfMaM  too*  fcr  UMoargo 
*- — d—ltortooAtoaad.  auto  aaM  party  of  tha  aae- 


•trajjr  w^ 

parnaa.  c 


f0t^  &rog«lM.agNatoaM,  w«,J^mM 
,i?lMtabniM  «KB^7«,«MjSi*a.£i- 

la  wlStotoShaMSffyhara^ 
iM  4ar  M'Tyoar  Mt  ah 


/ 


M 


•«•• 


qidtatf 


WBwS'fe^'- 


«Mb,  wid  •hall  eo«pi«ti 
« itM  moolh  of  — . 
d  mmI  flnlahad  two  rodi 
id,  lubuaMtal,  ■nd  work- 
tliu  luHM*,  catUa,  Car- 
ad  vaUcka  of  avary  dn- 
da,  may,  tliniaglKNit  iu 
i  avary  put  iharauf,  iMua 

i«l«a  Mid  Mtm  of — 
tUowat  («Mv«*rMM, 


M  Mi«  latorpna 

■. 

Ootiart. 
UMaaathi 

atofof  Ml— a  bHWiK 
ita.  Id  rataliaii  M  Ihdr 
muoM  uadM  •  aarMn 
— day  of .  batwaan 

»  liava  now  eomo  to  • 


oftkoir  raapaaUvo 


^  of  aold  afroofflant 
<ata  of  maiilac  aad 
oahr. 
igraph  of  aald  afraa- 

«,  (rwMAir  mtM  Mr*iv* 

htrirr, 

a  and  eonclatfad  apoa 
day  of—.  In  tbo  yaar 
oMht  hiuidro#and  --— , 

■  H — (OfthobartlMn 

s&orr.f"SX; 

md  vart,  wltaiwaih  t 
•at  part  actaaa  oa  tka 
af  tfiowhSb  oTthaaald 

if  Am  dacb,  caMa,  aad  *a- 
■d  tlorana  of  afovWaaa, 
■at  foow  Ibr  tha  oargo 
ta  oaid  party  of  tba  MO- 

■  r— -  unto  — — .  an  tka 


rt^katiibt. 

w/dMfig  iia  afcnnia 
hotolnanw  fnaawaaad, 
•dlaaahSialadanon 
mtlMMddyattiroftiM 
M  aaM  party  aTttaMa- 
wovMoaal  terntohto 


y^d^JaBontyd 

at  MMt.toaaM«afW 


CONTRACTS. 


•roant.  ufiM  tka  sratM 
Mi|wMaiyjlka«naari,ki 

pwfbrmaaaaf  aU  aad 


UPiaSa 

'ko«aaataaotoafckaada, 
tva  wfltlMu  •  ^ 

•4 


«■•_  a.      a.     CwfincATi  09  Copt 

.li?2l£;SiftS1"'»*'"  ••  kJiJ^teopyof 
iha  oftdnal  ciMrlar  parly  la  our  poaaoaalon. 

»f  our  Lo?- --.Imwaan  M'ft'to.'S^  J!!^' 
•'  TZL*'  '*•  ••Whan  of tooa:orthjjaab<i^' 


*39 


hat  tka  aaid  i 


•a'd  ^^1  (ariih  ^  a.Il^ii'^, 


'/ A«w  aaaond  port,  wtta 

V  of  tka  flrat  port  aaroao  oa 
taring  or  tkjwhaaVfthi 

-.aii2ra;.'±trt".-t';r^^ 

.UaockTatron..  aad  »aT*.r7XS«2d  fer'Si^h* 
•BM  paroroi tno  oaooad  part  dotk  anaaoa  ic  nra. 


•»t«od  In  tha  praaanco  of  )  "'  *^*-"- 

W.  T.,N.  ■•  J 

M,.  w      ^    CaaTiricATB  or  Corv. 

"aco ,  Onu .  •.  •  « 


of  oar 


H.«tfor  ,h.  own  jraTf7?;i-:!;or:i!.  buVu  _. 


Si  .w*^"'  »'»»«'  mtrehaadlaa, 

j?T.^.2s?''  ^  •'  «3ss:*,rKSk'oatf 

n»2?2Sr-'JP'*'*'b*lf*^^  •••  hofttoada  fo^ 

eonal<iS«tion<.     h    ,,  TSS  "2ffV«2^^ 

M!«rlrl2S5!.*l*''i? "  >*»•»••  andlfirnlafclna 
^  jSuy***  *j.*?_"^  porta -—.    Ar4«.i7 

o^^LSii^teS  c^tkdi^r-iaaM 


o£«aaka  of  aMila!5Sa*^SK!!w< 
and«M-tko  da«h  load— T^ 
cuatoM  konaa  aauaa  of  aadb 


-— -.  aad  goarantaad  to  claaa .  at  ___  -r  .h« 

thl^i J!?i  ••**  f*?'  •'  ••»•  "'«  part  aaraaa  oa 

(^•JSi-«o-i;:X;?.'S5»-!o-nS«l 

I5!!i*£f!'.^."«''*' •«•""«*.  Mn>n«.  and 


arod.  —  Araigbt  payakia  la  — Twltboutdir 

^r^ffi-sr-^s''*^ 

ijjw^  la  afcaiaw  port,  la  —  tt.  ««»t  In 

VaaaalinlMwrt*-— k--'-'-^' - 

af«toiaa«a«d 


j;»5»»l>ly  atow  and  carry  on  itie  jraft  of  watar  aUow!d 

SS:i"sfe'&L^S^^sSaS5 


M 


SjSa^^c&'pX'*''  '--^"*-' 

SSS^^^^^?j=S^o»^SoSS'p5; 

•»ehd«SS^d£312I"aL!?''«  '•^'  «<«  to  load  at 

SS?S£f^  =ssfn  rSa-^ 


CONTRACTS. 


il«murr«n,  or  avcnpt.  V«im1  Ii  IlkcwiM  to  dlwharg* 
in  ftuch  dock  or  ai  luch  whiirf,  u  may  b*  ipcciAed  ny 
conalgDMii,  on  arrivvl,  iiiiivitlcii  ni>  cxirti  dcieniniii  ur 
axpenia  \%  thereby  i'tciirrL-d  by  th«  vcn^t!!.  A  coiiimutii-tM 
of  Ave  per  c«nl.  un  tha  amuiini  of  thi>  charier  to  diit. 
and  payable  by  vcual  and  owner*  U(Hin  eigniiig  heriuf, 

vet»el  lod  or  not  l.«i,  to ,  whuM  agaiilk  ai  pori  or 

datlinalion  ar«  lo  attend  to  ihlp't  butineu  on  cuawmary 
tarmi. 

Fundi,  Tor  ordinary  expemc*  of  veaael,  if  deiired  by 
rnanter,  to  be  adv4n«.cd  by  thartereri  at  port  of  loading, 
■ubiect  lu  commiulun  and  imiirance  only. 

To  tha  true  and  faithful  ptrformanc*  of  all  and 
•vary  of  tho  feroiolna  agrttmonta,  wo,  tha  aald 
parlioa,  do  horoby  bind  ourialvtc,  our  htira,  oxac- 
otora,  admlnlitratoni,  and  aailgna,  aach  to  tho 
othar.  In  tha  panal  aum  of  oatlmaud  amount  of 
fralghi. 

In  witnaaa  whtraof,  wo  hava  horaunto  aat  our 
haiUte  tha  day  and  yaar  Hrat  abeva  writtao. 

■if  Md  In  tha  nraaanco  of  )  •.'>.' 

Inf.  T«»  Ii»  S*  j 

<V»atnic(— Chnrtrr  Purty. 

MiMtrrmmfmm  Out  ami  Htm*  OUrtir, 
Thia  ehartar  part/,  mada  and  concludad  upon 

ill  Ua  city  of ,  thIa day  of .  A.  O.  — -, 

batwaan  M.  R.,of  tha  good  and  copparad , 

callad  tha ,of ,  of  tha  raglatar  maaaura- 

mant  of tena,  or  tharaabeuta ,  and  guarantaad 

to  carry tonadaad  walghtofa,a4alba  .claaaad 

,  Uoyda,  now  lyini  In  tha  harbor  of ,  of 

tha  Arat  part,  and  t.  IT,  of  the  aaconi  part,  wlt- 
naaaath: 

That  tha  aaM  party  of  tha  Arat  part  agraa  en 
tha  fralghtinf  and  chartaring  of  tha  whala  of  tha 
aaid  vaiaal.  includlnc  poop  (with  tho  exception  of 
tha  cabin  and  occcaaary  room  Tor  the  craw  and  Mowaga 
of  provitlona,  laila,  and  caUaa),  unto  tho  aald  party 

SLS"^"?*?.""*  P'2'.*?'  •  *»J«f  •  fr«m  Now  York, 
Philadalphia,  or  BaMmora,  at  ehartarar'a  option, 

<o for  diacharging  outward  cargo  — .    And 

thanca  for  raturn  cargo  back,  frem  aaethcr  port 
aa  alMva,  to  althf  r  Naw  York.  PhlUtfalphia,  Bea- 
ton. Baltimoro,  or  a  port  in  tbo  unttatf  kliigdom, 
at  ehartarar'a  option.  Alt  *»rU  hM  q^tSt  wttt 
cttut  ^f  ttnfy  »r»  txclmUd.  Porta  of  loading  and 
diacharging  to  bo  name4  en  aigniog  bUla  of  lading 
for  tha  raaeectlva  eargoaa.  irhema  cargo  teliruit 
and  (•>■)  other  mcrctMndlaa  firem  Uicily,  ehartarar 
baa  tha  privilago  of  ualng  a  accoad  port  ttaarc, 
but  tha  tlma  uaad  for  ehaaging  porta  to  count  aa 
lay  daya.  ^Vaaaal  to  call  at  Olbrattar  for  erdara. 
If  reqnirad,  for  outward  cargo  only,  allowing  at 
houra  fer  waiting  for  ardera  there;  -—  on  the 
tenna  following : 

The  aald  veaael  ahatl  be  tigbtrataunch,  atreng. 
and  every  way  Btted  fer  auch  a  voyage,  and  re- 
ceive on  }M«rd  during  the  voyage  albraeaid  the 
nerchandlaeharaiaaftermentloned,endaogooda 
or  marchaiidlaa  ahall  be  laden  on  boattf  etberwiaa 
than  Arem  the  aald^  party  of  the  aeeoad  part,  or 
agent. 


and  home.  Indudlng  petroleum  and  (*r)  tto  pro- 
ducta.  and  marble  fn  bloeke,  the  latter,  if  any 
aliippad,  net  to  be  more  than  about  —  tena  of 
twanty-AvecuMe  Oeaoeaa  palmaaach.cuatemary 
mercanttia  Carrara  maaauramaaft.  If  any  piece 
•r  marble  eaceeda  Ave  tone,  aU  astra  eapmae  fer 
lot^ne  and  diaebargiag  aama  to  be  paid  by  the 
party  of  tha  eecend  part. 

And  to  pwv  to  the  aaM  party  of  tha  Arat  Mrt,  or 
agent,  for  the  uee  of  the  aald  veaael  duAng  the 

voyage  afoteaald,  tha  aum  of in  fkiH  for  Vhm 

reiind  veyagji,  both  out  and  home,  of  which . 

M IM  eqdiwtrat,  ia  payable  upon  correct  deiivMT 
SJ-2'.?J!1**'^  e«|o  at  port  ofdlacharge  in  the 
MedlferraoMn,  ana  balance  of  amount  of  thi» 

'jfUvery  of  the  bemeward  cargo  at  Se  port  of 


payable  i 
tarer'a  oi 


VwaaTte  cooalgB  to  ehartarar'a  Manda  at  port 
of  hMdlog  aoil  diaebarge,  paying  one  commiatoa 
Of  two  par  cent,  onl^  on  mow»k  of  ^^SuSu, 


at  port  of  loading  or  diatharge,  at  chari 
tarer'a  option. 

Captain  to  aign  bIDa  of  ladlog  aa  preaantcd, 
without  prejudice  to  Ihia  charter  party,  and  diffar- 
anca,  if  any,  between  the  amount  of  bllla  of 
lading  for  tha  outward  freight  and  tha  amount 
due  vaaaaf  on  tha  aama  ia  lo  be  aettled  hara  in 
caah;  If  In  capuln'a  (avor,  before  vaaaal  aaliai  or 
if  In  ehartarar'a  favor,  by  captain'*  draft,  due 
tan  day*  altar  arrival  of  vaaaal  at  port  of  dia- 
charge ;  the  rate  of  exchange  and  gold  for  out- 
ward freight  to  be  taken  at  rau*  ruling  at  Naw 
York  on  tha  day  of  veaael'*  clearing  at  the  cuetom 
houae. 

After  leaving  Olbraltar  on  homeward  paaaagc 
vaaaal  to  procaed  to  the  northward  of  tha  Waat 
arn  laland*,  and  kaap  north  of  vhat  latitude  dur- 
ing homeward  paaaaga,  un.'taa  abaolutely  forced 
*outh  ty  atra**  of  weather.  In  which  caae  veaael'* 
logbook  ahall  furnlah  avldanca.  of  that  (kct. 
Chartarerahave  the  privlls  je  of  conatruetlog  ven- 
tilator* over  veaaefa  hatchway,  at  their  own 
expenae,  and  the  maater  to  keep  the  aama  open 
and  hatchea  off  in  all  weather  that  will  not  en- 
danger veeeel'e  aafaly;  and  the  vaaeel  la  to  be 
cleaned  aa  cuatemary  prevloua  to  loading  auch 
homeward  cargo.  In  caae  of  haac^  winde  on  ar- 
rival at  Olbraltar  with  homeward  cargo  vasael  tu 
tew  through  the  aualu,  ch.vterar  paying  haff 
towage. 

The  maatyr  to  employ  ehartarar'a  atevedore  in 
loading  the  veseel,  at  the  uaual  ratea.  Veaael  to 
heul  once  for  loading  and  diacharging  to  cuaton- 
ary  ioading  and  diacharging  berth,  aa  ordered  by 
charterer  or  agent ;  andlor  any  aubeequent  haul- 
ing  charterer  to  pay  tha  towage. 

R  outward  cargo  ia  petroleum,  veeael  to  load 
under  Inapactloo  ac  w  atowaga  of  the  authortaad 
Inapector*  appointail  by  the  charterer,  free  nf 
charge  to  the  veeael  for  auch  iaapeetlon. 

Per  loading  at  port  lu  tha  United  ttatea  and 

foreign  peru  it  ia  cgreed running  lay  day* 

ahall  00  allowed,  commencing  from  the  time  the 
veeael  ia  ready,  and  written  notice  thereof  to  be 

aiven  by  the  maater  twenty-four  hour*  balbro  the 
ime  to  count,  and  cuatomary  daapatch  for  die- 
charging  veaael  and  homeward  cargo.  Demur- 
rage over  and  ab»ve  tbe  aaid  teying  day*  at 

per  day,  provided  the  detention  ahall  haopen  by 
default  of  charterer  or  agent.  Charterer  haa  tbe 
privilege  of  rc-chartaring  tha  veeael,  and  eaptain 
to  aign  any  *ucb  re-charter,  if  required,  wiOiout 
praiudice  to  thia  charter  pat^. 

The  cargo  la  to  be  received  and  delivarod  «a 
cuatpman  at  the  reepectivejportt  of  loading  and 
diacharging,  within  reach  orveaacl'*  tacklea. 

Dangeta  of  the  eeaa  and  navigation  of  every 
nature  and  hind  alwaya  mutually  exceptetf . 

Penalty  for  non'performance  or  thia  agraensent 
amount  Of  (bartor. 

A  commlaaion  of per  cent,  upon  the  groaa 

amount  of  thia  charter  ia  due  and  pcyaMo  tw  the 
veaael  to  — — ■,  upon  algnlng  hereof. 

In  witneao,  wa  hr  sunn  aat  our  hiaoda,  tha  da< 
and  year  Arat  above  written. 

-  M.S. 

Signed  In  tho  prea^nea  of  I  •.  R. 

CkmrUrftr  Onfrri.  p  i^rmrd  If  tkt  AMuM^AM 
Mlaf^...M  Bxekmrnp. 

Thia  charter  party,  made  and^  concluded  upon 
Intiwcityorp— .tte — dwof — .lathoyMr 

of  our  t«rd, ,  between  If.  R.,  maater  and 

agent  for  the  ewnara  of  tha >.  of  — ..  boUt  — , 

•» iM tona.orthareabettM.ragtatormaaa- 

urement.  now  lying  in  tha  harbor  of  — ^,  and 

guarantoad  to  claaa ,  at ,  of  tha  Arat  t>art, 

and  •.  R.,  of  thd  aacond  part,  witnaaaeth  i 

Tliat  the  aaid  par^  of  the  Arat  part 


^.  •■»»  »2".«»  Pf'V  •'  '»•  "rat  pWft  agraea  on 
the  IMghting  and  chartering  of  the  whek  of  the 
eold  vaaaal  (#ttli  the  excaptlon  of  tk*  deck,  cabin,  aad 
neceaaarv  mom  for  the  crew,  and  Motagr  of  moviaiom, 
mil*,  and  cabiaai.  for  the  cargo  hereinaiW  men- 

*'*"*^'  ^!?.  •SJA.^S^.JSf  *•»•  •*«»"<»  Pwt,  for  a 
voyage  from  Phlladelnhta  to  Quaenatr^rn,  Pal- 
mouth,  or  Plymoath  for  order*  <«bich  ar j  to  b* 
givan  arilhSa  fin^-cight  (^l)  houn  after  mrfval  of  ««*ai 


ling  or  dlnharfc,  at  cha^ 

■  of  ladiog  ■■  praaantcd, 
lacbarttr  party,  and  dlMar- 
I  tht  amounl  of  bills  of 
d  fraight  and  tha  amount 
na  li  lo  tM  aittltd  bar*  In 
iVor.  bafora  vaaial  aalla :  or 
',  by  captalo'a  draft,  due 

of  vaaaal  at  port  of  dla- 
icbanga  and  aold  for  out- 
lan  at  raua  ruling  at  Naw 
lal'a  elaarlng  at  iba  cuatom 

ar  en  homaward  paaaagc 
i«  northward  of  tha  Waat 
lorth  of  vhat  latituda  dur 
(,  un'iaa  abaolutaly  foread 
thar,  in  which  caao  veaaal'i 
I  avidanc»  of  that  tttct. 
vU»i*  of  conatrueiiag  van- 
hatchway,  at  thair  own 
tar  to  koap  tha  aama  op«n 
waathar  that  will  not  an- 
;  and  tha  vaaaal  la  to  ba 
pravloua  to  toadlog  auch 
caaa  of  baa^  winda  qn  ar- 
hemawafd  cargo  vaaaal  tu 
iU,  chwUrar  paying  haM 

r  chartarar'a  aUvadora  in 
tha  uaual  rataa.  Vaaaal  to 
nd  diacharging  to  cuatan- 
ralDg  barth,  na  erdarad  by 
17er  any  aubaaquaitt  hacl- 
a  tewaga. 

patrotauia,  vaaaal  ta  load 
atowaga  of  tha  auttaoriaad 
by  tha  chartarar,  frao  of 

■  auch  Inapactioa. 

lu  tha  Unitad  ttataa  and 

aad running  lay  daya 

lancing  from  tba  tima  tha 
rltun  ndtica  tharaef  to  ba 
aaty-four  hour*  bafora  tha 
atomary  daapatch  for  tfla- 
amawartf  cargo,    mmnr- 

ba  aald  trying  daya  at 

datantion  aball  haiipan  by 
Bgant.  Chartarar  ha*  tba 
ng  tha  vaaaal,  and  aaptain 
artar,  If  raquirad,  wiUioat 
ir  parly. 

racalvad  and  d«Uv*rad  m 
ctiva  porta  of  loading  and 
ich  orvaaaal'a  tacMaa. 

•nd  navigctlon  of  ovary 
a  mutually  aaeaotatf. 
wnutnca  or  thia  agraomant 

-  par  cant,  npcrn  tba  gr«<aa 

la  diM  and  pvyaMo  1^  tha 

Bing  haraof. 

nto  aat  our  haada,  tka  day 

rittop. 

^metmr  P«i«ir. 

lado  and^conclndad  upon 
— dav  of  — — ,  la  tbo  y*M 
Mfoafl  If.  R.,  maatar  nnd 
tha  — ,  of—,  boUt  — . 
Iioraabottta.  ragMtar  aaaa- 
a  tha  harbor,  of  — ^i  and 
-,  at  — ,  of  tha  Am  iwrt, 


CONTRACTS. 


I  part,  wltnaaooth  i 
f  tha  Rrat  pnrt  ngraaa  on 
taring  of  tha  whelo  of  tha 
BWion  of  tha  d«ck.  cabin,  and 
m,  and  Mongr  of  movliaom, 
•  cargo  horaiaaRar  man- 
r  of  tba  aacoad  part,  far  a 
thIa  to  Quaanatcivn,  Fal- 
Dr  ordora  (which  arj  to  ta 
I)  iw«n  after  mival  «r  Wm* 


tt  onrt  or  on  or  lay  dayi  io  coanll.  to  dIaeharM  ■•  . 
"ilKm*«"-V?r"""  '.'•  •'•^'•'.'"•h'.Tnrt'.d 

jKf' tt  fcJK  'o^x-ta-r^v-foS 

«M».I.-„rJC  "^'".  *'cr»i„,fi,r  mentioned.  Th. 
uMnny  of  lh«  HcunU  pan  doih  «ngan  to  Drovlda 

oi  wnaai  and  {#»•)  Indian  corn,  mv  a*  much  u  iha  ri„ 
m.«,.bly  MOW  and  carry  on  I'h.  j„f,  rf  w.i"IwS 

wKwi,  ativ,  lurinrrmora,  ii  •  h«rabv  aareni  ih.>  .kl 
»'«€Uii.llpr.j«r.f„r  uilk  and  ( "X,  Zln  a,  h« 

t^^  •"•'O  01  Maiinc  Undcrwrlicrs  and  ih  ill  Airai.k 
fr^  than,  ,o  cha,u„r.  a  e.rimcal^  t,f  ur,/^,  |.Z« 
baloia  clearing  ai  the  cuaiom  hntme  •  anH  I.  i.  fi.-k. 

^«x;»w"Ld^i?tir^^^^ 


a vary  L. 
partiaa, 
acutora, 
othar,  in 
flralght. 

ha'.?d7'Jh!^.*'!l".?°'' **!  •'•"f  htrtuntoaatour 
naiida,  tha  day  and  year  flrat  abova  written. 

"'"'w!  T.!  R'T""  •'  }  *'^' 

/V/r.^«,  C*»rt,^.»i  -/>rW^  /*,  /%,/a^/4(^ia 

..««  for  .h'aown;rteV-ilof  ~":'b*uVlJ12?. 

,yV^ ^.t  7.'.-i  r  •"  •"I'*"''  •••""«>'. «""«.  •"<«  In 
everjt  way  Aiiod  for  luch  a  voyan.  and  rmlv<  .^ 

and  film  »h  lo  ihc  uid  vcsae  ,  a  full  an7coinD>eiVmrj»! 
of  nelrolcum,  In  cuaiomary  barre  ,* -T    "^a^S  ?,'«^? 


ouciion  in payiBcm ofihii  chanar,  any  deflcicncv  lahm 
lSlJdl!^t3!L*^  S'^i**  ""■»««<<  charter  to  b« 

2fci«jS!!r.l5i''!5^'  i  '"""  "PO"  conalgnee.  pa*. 
•Na  ten  days  afkar  arrival  of  vmmI  ai  port  of  dfaKl^m 


irh™''."'.fS'«<'.  'hal  Ihe  ni/ty'^f  .he  M?ond  «rt 


H«)^  ukA  dcteixion  ihall  happen  by  de&iUi  of  tha 
tm  wh.rf«.%L!!^  «o  lo«l  at  such  elevator,  eleva- 

Uai^X^T.  ^'j-.""^  fcw  theveeeel  to  have  a 

ST  m^.S^SiTI'*'  •*•?  <««««loa  or«ptaiSr«hir^ 
■y  incurrM  by  the  veMd.    A  commiMlM  at  «n>T_ 

■iSriXjlteli'iK?*  »'»«^.lfde.lNdby 
fi*f  traa  wid  W»^lSl?SSJC&»of  an  aa* 


-^ry  forty  (40)  £llon.,  ,ro„  AmXn  «?,',r„tbL, 

Mertfng:  (f  dlicbarged  on  llii  eon'tiViof?by  iinS  1,!5 
approved  banken'^ight  l.ills  on  London  wl33  32^ 
count  or  allowance;  and  it  is  funheyMwd^w  .fc 
freighi,  as  per  bills  of  lading,  shall  he  taSITSlii™..  i. 
^H'Kli"J"'il'"J  •'•hls^.r.JJ  any  de'ficTei^rot; 
paid  here  by  the  charterers,  In  ca,^,  Iw  l«,,ra<««  a5 


..„  he.;  ««?<«  ««^  dei™  a,  ThTc^tom  h"  "*  '?• 
e«K.lnVdr.fti«XSeS?r&:or'S;o»'^Jr.J^""^^^^^ 
■Ne  ten  days  after  arrival  ct  vessel  at  wTrtof  S^'ia™ 

'^&fX''  "  •*««•'«'.  Whou.'S^udiS.'.'; 
It  Is  further  agreed  that -r-(    )  rannlna  !•«  rf..,.  .- 

^Tr«"f^.th:rd.;i^.3iSS 
ttg-fera^ic^ 

to  paydemurrap  u  the  m.rX!^  )ti^Bri? 
toh  sterling.  orTis  equivakni,  per  day.  liy35?5i*  hi 
*J)yo  "he  party  of  the  Stsi  out.  or  aJSiorisedTiL»? 

said  par^r  of  the  second  part,  dr  thS- aSnt  V«sel  to 
load  undiir  Inspection,  as  to  Mowag.,  Sflhe  auth^Ud 
^pectors  appointed  by  chartewisT;.^  dwSe  »  Sf 
vessel  for  said  iuspccttoa,  to  eamloVefiiSiv?  ...  ,^ 
**•  at  the  usual  iMtoaJ^  »S fcr^MKhSSor  .S 

jTT  "••7v  •'!•"'  "*•   «•"   lie   afloat,  as   mav   h> 

uiS?S3i,^jyL-'*!5"-  «>««**«««i?mpo«S: 

Biiiiy  uaoer  this  charter  ta  cease  aomi  ahiancM  Xt^L 

*diiS^li'SS"a?i."**'~"^u  Vessel  hllkeShtti 
SSSFiS  15*,  *^^»  •»«"«*  wharf  aa  aav  ba 
SaSTn^.  ^  ."""t"?..""  Mt».»al  provided  iTXitS 

I  AeaaMriwIoaaf  tw  par  caai.  aa  tfca  aJSont  oftbt 


wl'i* 


«Wtfl»iMI1iill(ilMiii||MiBii 


•4* 


CONTRACTS. 


chartar  M  «>  •  aiKl  fyM»  Vy  ««Hd  ■mi  swiMri  upon 

lianinc  »w  of,  vwmI  l«t  or  not  lo«i,  In .  whoM 

■fiiili  at  pan  of  da>U«wiloflar«  loaiMiMl  lo  thlp'*  buai- 
mt—  on  cutli>mjirr  t«rnM 

riind>,  for  urdtnary  tapanMi  of  vaaMi,  If  dcairad  by 
Mttier,  to  b«  advanced  by  chanaran  at  port  o(  loading, 
lubjaet  to  cmnmlHi'in  and  m«iiranc«  only. 

T«  Iha  trua  and  faithful  parformanca  of  all  anA 
avary  of  tha  foragolog  agmmanu,  wa.  tha  aatd 
partlaa,  do  haraby  Mnd  ouraalvaa,  eur  kaira,  aa- 
aautora,  ■dminlttratora,  and  aaalf  m,  aaeh  to  tha 
othar,  I*  tha  ponai  aum  of  aatlmatad  aiaouM  of 

lif witnaaa  wharaof,  wa  havw  haratinto  aat  our 
handa  tha  day  and  yoar  Aral  abovo  writtan. 

SIfiiad  In  tha  ofaaonaa  of  t  >•  ■• 

Vf .  T.,  M.  ••  I 

Stowaob  CnnPicATB  i>oii  PaTMLaint  Iadm 

Vaaaaui. 
tinuti  ly  <A»  /fawrrf  ^  Sitnpmn  M$<l/iuittclfr,y. 

wrUtri,  ami  itMrtftd  iy  Ikt  Bottrd  ^  N»w  Vtrk 
V»)hrwrUtrt,  Virti»  Bnmtr  Stt-Vtrtkhtntntt- 
GnsilltchiJitn,  and  Ik*  PkiUdttM*  mgvnU  ^  1*4 
ltmd*M  U^dt'  Uvtrffl,  amj  FinUnJ  Umhirmrtl*r$. 
SuavavoH'a  0»«c». 
Thia  may  ratttiy,  that  wa  hava  aurvayad  for 
Maaark  — ,  tha  atowaga  of  tha  aargo,  conalat- 

Ing  of  -^.  of  tha Mna  ragiatar,  botind  ftrom 

._  to ThIa  vaaoal  waa  wall  and  aufflclaatly 

«>aUaatad,  and  thara  waa  ampla  dunna««,  boaMa, 
and  punka,  of  tha  propar^aacriptiona,  uaad  In 
tha  atowagr  of  tha  cargo.    Tha  vaaaal  now  orawa 

—  feat  '-^  inehaa  of  watar,  la  not  ovarloadad, 
and,  In  e«r  opinion,  la  In  •  aaaworthy  eoadU 
Uon. 

Apprevad  by  tha  Beard  of  Marina  ■■nroyera. 

C.  C.,  CItrk.  •.  R..  SmrrMfT. 

PnvoLavM  Bill  or  Lauino. 

•hipMid  In  good  ordtr  and  condition, by— -, 

on  board  tha  — ,  callad  tha .  wharoof  II.  «. 

la  maatw  fbr  thIa  proaant  voyan,  and  now  lying 

In  tha  port  of .  and  bound  »r ,  which  aro 

markajl  and  numbarad  aa  par  margin,  nttd  aro  to 
ba  dali'rorad  In  Ilka  good  ordar  and  eondltfen  at 

tha  af««aaaid  port  or—-, gailona  (ih«  dangm 

of  the  Mai,  Are,  and  collldon  only  iiiccptad],  unto 

pr  to  —  aaalgna,  ha  or  thay  paying  firolght 

upon  tha  aald  marehandlaa,  at  tha  rata  of 

ahllllnga panca  par  ferty  gailona,  grota  Muga 

of  barMa  dallvarad,  with  llva  par  cant.  prUbaga 
and  avaraga  aecuntomad,  and  aD  othar  eoodltiona 
•a  par  ahartar  party  dalad  — . 

IfTarltnaaa  wharoof,  tha  maalar  o*  wrMr  of  tha 
aald  vaaaal  hath  aHlrmad  to  two  Wjla  of  lading, 
all  of  thU  tanor  and  data,  ona  of  which  boing  a«- 
eompllahad.thoraatto^tand  void, 

Datad  In ,  thla day  of ,  A.  D.  — -. 

Oauga  and  contanU  tinhnown ;  not  acceuntablo 
for  laakaga  or  braabag*.  

PrdghTpayoM*  •»  barrala  or  caaaa  daUvarad 
full,  part  fulf.  or  ampty. 

If  caaaa  ba  ahlpfod.  voaaal  not  to  ha  McounUbIa 
fan  rtiat. 

C»atrMit-Ck»rt«r  P»rty. 
Jltr  TUmttr  U  Gu^  Ftrlt. 

Ptaaa  — ,  Data . 

It  la  thla  day  mataalty  agraad  kotwaan  •«.  R., 
maatar  of  tha  good  ahjp  or  vaaaal  c^lad  tfcs  V., 
of  tha  mauuraatant  of — tena.  or  tbaraobauta, 
BOW  — ,  and  •.*>..  marohanta  i 

That  d»«  ■•id  aWpbi«M  tight.  ata««eh,a^ 
atrong.  end  avanr  way  ««o<ri»r  thawMfiahall, 
with  all  aontMittant  apaod.  aail  and  procMo  to 
— ^atid  thara  lead,  tnm  tko  feMora  of  tho  aald 
mar^hantaor  agonta  at  a«di  aafa  aMhorag*  ■• 
thay  may  dlrwii.  a  IWI  and  oomptata  o«rgo  •» 
aquaro  ^*h  pina  timbara,  or  and  d^a.  •«  mar- 
cftanta'  opMM.  MotchMte  *»  MpyiyauitaMa 
tlmb«r AT Md ploAkafar kom  AUIm ■"dknkan 
atowM*. •« thai? optlwi.  . Djiek  kjjftlj »J5«««2d 

St tkaeaMatn. to ka aawpllad nt fkll IrolCM.    No 
HK^^rdSSrto  K«it  wWiout  jfljawrlttai. 
parmlaalon  tff  tha  aMpporajaod  tha  atavad    b  to 

SmK^^  «  m«rtwi««'  fWt  •"•*  — — - 


and  to  ka  rocttvod  ky  tha  maatar  and  aaeurad  with 
tha  Bhlpa  doga  and  ehalna  whan  ae  daUvarod, 
and  to  ba  than  at  ahlp'a  riak.  Ihould  tha  maatar 
ordar  mora  tlmbar  aWngalda  than  tha  ahlp  can 
carry,  tha  aopanaa  of  to«rlnc  It  hack  to  tha  hooma 
to  ka  paid  by  (Ha  ahlp.  Dm  ahlp  to  diacharga 
oach  lighter  naving  lumkar  for  cargo  or  krokan 
atowag a,  without  uBraaaooakIa  datantloo,  and  to 

Ilva  aiartorcr'a  aganta  writtan  notice  thraa  claar 
aye  kafora  tvokan  btowaga  la  required,  net  ea- 
seedlag  what  aha  can  retMoaakly  atow  and  carry, 
over  and  nkove  ker  tackle,  apparel,  orovleloneand 
ftoraliure  >  and  kalnft  ao  loaded,  anall  therewith 
pracaad  ta((to4r<»A«!>v),  or  ao  near  thereunto  aa 
aba  may  aolily  got.  and  deliver  the  aama  on  kelng 
pnldfrelgkta^V 


For  tlmbar 


Per 


illowai 


par  load  of  jo  oMe  fct 
caHlpar  mcMura  *  ^  c  .- 
lOBury  ■(  pert  ■^  0I«. 
chaiga. 

par  8l.  P«t.inWur|  itand- 
aid  hundred,   li}  cubia 


AU  timkar  or  >nd  deala  uaad  for  atowaga  and 
keam  AlUng  topay  two-tblrda flight. 

(Tha  act  of  Uod,  public  ciKmica,  nra,  and  Ml  »nj 
every  other  danger  and  accidenu  of  the  leaa,  riven, 
and  navigation  of  whauver  lulufe  and  Itlr^  Mover, 
durtnc  iha  aald  voyage,  alwayi  excepted.  I 

Prelght  to  ke  paid  aa  followai   One-third  In 


caah  on  unhtading  and  right  dalivarr  of  catgo, 
'le  remainder  ky  good  and  approved  kiM, 
m  In  London  at  four  mo<  "   ' 
la  caali,  leaa  two  per  t%h 


oiAwi 


or  I 
n. 


.,at  merchante' 


treaina,  L .    . 

of  loading  to  be  advanced  ky  charterer'a  aganta 

at  current  rata  of  eachanga,  aukjact  to  coat  of  In- 

auranee  and  tha  caatomary  two  nnd  a  half  par 

cent,  cemmlaaion,  and  to  be  deducted  from  Bret 

payment  of  freight. 

For  any  money  advanced  to  tiie  maatar,  ha 

akall  give  a  receipt  on  the  kill  of  lading,  and  tha 

chartorera  ahall  In  no  way  ka  raaponalble  for  the 
...  ^ 

allowed  tha  mer- 


npproprlatlon  of  aucb  advancea. 

wwbing  day*  aro  to  ke  al 

ebanta  (if  rha  thlp  dc  not  aoonar  daa 


daipalched),  for  fur- 
to  ke  unloaded  aa 


niahlnj  cargo,  and  aald  cargo 
euitomary  at  pert  of  dlacharge,  and  ten  daya  on 
demurrage  ever  and  akove  the  aald  lay  daya,  at 
,      pounda  per  day. 

Voaaala  to  Ve  addraeeed  to ,  or  their  aganta, 

at  port  of  leading,  paying  them  two  and  a  half 
per  cent,  eommiaalon  on  grota  freight  for  iloing 
the  ahlp'a  kualaaaa. 

Thla  charter  kelng  concludad  by .  en  behalf 

of  another  party,  it  la  agreed  that  their  liability 
ahall  cease  aa  aoon  aa  the  cargo  la  ahipped,  and 
the  namea  of  their  prlaelpala  given  up. 

Penalty  tor  nen-performnnce  of  thla  afteemeet, 
•atlmated  amount  of  freight. 

It  la  undarateod  that  the  veaeel  Inanree  at  the 
regular  mtea  on  earn,  or  la  dhargeabia  with  tha 
dUrerence.  Captain  la  not  pennltted  ts  take  any 
timber  or  deala  en  board  beeide  the  cargo,  escept 
on  writtan  permiaaien  of  the  ahlppera. 

A  comraUalon  of  Ave  per  cent,  to  due ky 

•hip  on  aigning  thla  cktrrter.  .. 

M.  fL,,Mu$ltr. 

( IPMMat.)  ■.*«.,  Minkamtt^ 

CMi«VMt-«*|l|rri«llt  ■•!«•». 

G*mtml  Firrm. 
Sea  thla  AnioMMCim,  ante.  t 

TMa  agrMnent,  made  thto  —  day  of  — .  be- 
tween A.  B.  (of ,  autlMir)  and  C.  D.  (o4 ,  |mb- 

Uaher),  wltnaaaath : 

That  aald  A.  B.  ahnll.  on  or  hefera  the day 

of— .complato  (ar  compiled  and  fkmlah  to  aali 
C  D.  tiie  copy  fbr  •  work  to  ke  entitled . 

That  aald  A.  B.  ahnll  eopyrlght  aald  work  In  his 
•wn  name. 

That  enld  &  D.  ahall.  on  or  ketora  tha  —  day 
of  — -,  pukioh  aald  week,  and  have  the  anna 
ready  Ibr  aula. 

That  anid  C.  D.  ahnll  aaa  anM  wwrh.pnytaf  anM 
,  «f-^  par  gMM.  1^  oopy  Ibr  an 


iMlar  •ii4  Meu*«4  with 
M  whan  ■«  4«UT«r*4, 
ih.  tkould  th«  inMMr 
14*  than  th«  thtp  can 
w  llbaah  to  Uia  boomt 
Im  ahlp  to  diacharg* 
ir  for  cargo  or  hrokcn 
BoMa  daMiitloa,  and  to 
ittan  nottca  Uiraa  cUar 
>fa  la  ra^ulrad,  not  as- 
anably  atow  and  aarry, 
apparal,  arovlatona  and 
Mtdad,  aholl  tharawlth 
ao  naar  tkoratinto  aa 
Ivar  tka  aoao  •■  Mag 

ptrload  of  50  ciMc  ff^t 
ctiWfn  mcaiura  rt  c  ,• 
loaiary  at  port  vt  «lh- 
chaiga. 

per  81.  FcliinUir|  itand- 
ard  huMtrad.  ilj  cubl* 
bci. 

uaad  for  atowaga  and 
ilrda  fralcht. 
cnvmiei,  nr*.  and  nil  *nJ 
idcnu  of  ih«  sau,  rlvtni, 
'  naiuK  and  UiA  Aoavcr, 
tt  t«c«pt«l. ) 

fellowai  Ona-third  in 
ight  daiivtkr?  of  catao, 
MO  and  approTad  biM, 
ir  monfha'  MM  fo^tw- 
iarci!ii.,at  mwchanta' 

diabnnomonta,  at  port 
d  by  chartarer'a  aganta 
{a.  aubjact  to  coat  of  In- 
iry  two  ind  •  half  par 
bo  dadttctad  from  trat 

ctd  to  tka  maatcr,  ha 
I  bill  of  lading,  and  tha 
r  ba  raaponalSia  for  tha 
ranca*. 

0  ba  alIowa4  tha  mar- 
oner  despatched),  for  fur- 
irgo  to  bo  unloaded  aa 
harf a,  and  tan  daya  on 
ro  tna  aaM  lay  daya,  at 

to  — -,  or  tbair  aganta, 

1  tham  two  and  a  half 
grota  AralgM  for  tioing 

Ittdad  by ,  en  behalf 

rood  that  thair  liability 
I  eorge  la  ahippad,  and 
pal*  givan  up. 
i«nc*  of  tbU  kgraamoet, 
|ht. 

ta  vaatal  Inanra*  at  tb* 
la  dhargaabi*  with  tha 
t  pamlttM  t9  taka  any 
baaida  tba  cargo,  eseapt 
tha  ahlppan. 
tar  cant,  to  tf  ua  —  by 
or. 

M.  it.,  JMu/«r. 

1.  AK.,JMrrr/lMi^ 

FItrm. 

iMCiR*,  anta.  ^ 

this tf»«f ,bo- 

r)  acd  C.  D.  (of  — ,  |wb> 

—  day 
iilc>  and  flimUh  to  aali 

to  ba  antltlad . 

pyright  a^4  work  In  hla 

B  or  bafor*  tho— —  day 
til,  and  twTO  tba  aama 


i«rli.payl«fMM 


CONTRACTS. 


toSl'.Ml'i.S't:'u 'V  **"! "  "O""""*  """ring  Ih* 
r£7i  .«-«  .h  ''  '•*  'VJ^*  •»»•»•»«•  of  a  copy, 
rtaht,  and  tha  renewal  tharaof.  "' 

In  witaaaa,  eu. 

Va«ioi(»  SrivvLATtuHi,  Etc. 

A  B  .h!  f  n  ■  •^•'"'  '"  '•'•  "«•""'»•.  •d».«ee  said 
m*mtt)^  and  no  rnurv  ''^ 

,„f 'l  .1  ''*'  r'**  f-'  "  '••""'  '■'»'"  '"  '"»•.  during  (he 
Mmpl.,j..„  of  Miid  m.n..«ripi.  «!„«»  .,iJ  A   ™«Kh 

2.TS!    "/•!!*!.'"  '°  **"  *"*•'" from  lie  publka- 

Hoa  thereof  »h«ll,  mg.  (m  tkt  ^rli„  mgrtt): 

"nt.        . .  „  _     Accounting, 
Thel  Mid  C.  D.  th*!!,  .t  ih«  3,i,  of  ewih  pavmem 
•t  the  MHM  Xm.  .Iv.  um„  ukl  A  B.  a  MOiimSnrTh,: 

That  uld  C.  b.  .h.11,  on  ih« d,y  of .  |„  ,«:h 


Thel  (eld  blndliw  i^all  be 
foiluwi :  —~~,  ate. 


MS 

ited  and  Inlthed  aa 


.n«t  Hia  V-.  u.  (nail  on  the day  of In  each 

y~r,  rendjj  un,„  „,^  a.  B    hi.  ft,ll'.cco..„r"f":,| 

•aiea  w  Mtd for  the  year  lam  pa<i,  and  at  all  uihar 

lime.  »l,.n  by  uld  A.  Bf  In  wriiln,,  demandid 
__  AdvartlaamanU. 

I  hat p,,„  of  .aid  wurli  Khali,  ifnacwurv    ha 

d«oj.d  .0  Ih.  ad»er,l«men,  of  th.  lm,ZT7(,M, 
•*«/)  only  al  Ih.  rai.  of dollar.  p«r  pan       ^ 

•oliched'bv -!!"'•"'"•"""'' **•'"  •"  "n*»"«lft.rand 

-n^l  %JiA.  B.  .hall  receiv. per  cent.,  .nd  uld 

S;„^. P«'c«ni  of  the  proc«d,  of  Mid  idvertlie. 

D.''it'id";;;,^r.!irr.id'':"ri?'  •"■"-">"•-«  "x-mc. 

•n...   II     J       Arbitration,  ate. 
«r»lS^.iJr    '"'  '•"*'   ''«"»»f"'  •''••,  ■ff.ctiivi  or  con- 
h.^fc?*?*"*°'"  =?"««'"«d.  the  quaniliy  or  qi^dUy  of 
«^i.!!'E''"""'i""  P«ym.n..,  o,  Ih.  perforroancTor 

SfeiSd^ii"/?-"  "yj"""' »•••>•"  towbnilliTd^ 
refcrred  to  (two  cradible  persona,  one  10  be  choMn  bv 

biTd-lig'nrf'Lu'""'  '^'  "^o^'y^hlcir^^lIK 

That  Mid  A.  B.  will,  aft?? riu"„f oopl«i  of  Mid 

Sl^  ?..?J1  '•f  •"•»  ""**«'■  '•''•  MreciBcnt  and  Mid  work 

That  uiAC.  6.  wl'l.  after  a  Mie  of cople.  of  Mid 

^u',S^' '"'»'«'.'"«» •ct  over  io  „id  A  B.  all  W. 
UM  work,  logether  with  all  the  e  cctroiyM  and  .imm. 
SfK  '^•IS*  "•••tr*  'M<»«r«ioi».  .n7ill  and  c^ 
S^wlth'lrTh"'^  »ec»~ry  th.,.,o  or  conn«t2 
inerewiih,  for  the  .um  of do  Ian   navahia  ••  «J 

lowi (,/./iv/Mw#rt«rf «,«,„,,;;,")  •  •*>""• "  ^ 

That  Mid  A.  B.  ahall  ropyrUht  Mid  work  in  hla  «.,«. 

«.£?«  «.Wi-El**!;I'  •=»»''?«''«  "id  work  in  hSown 
M».  M  publiMier  and  proprialar,  and  .1  hi>  own  ex- 


Th..  -u  A*^8"J»?.''  >"«»««»looa. 
Mjrf. ««ir MW «r/taAr), waighing pound,  wihe 


fv  .   II  L    .       .  '♦"""baring. 

Sli,e,7f^M"t:r"''Jc"i:."  *°""  "  ^"^  '••^  '"''"• 

T-   .  .,.  Foymanta. 

mat  the  payment  oTtald  — —  .hall  ha  ••  r«ii.._ 

»,.  Platea. 

Ihal  uld  work  ihall  b«  ..Kuimt  In  .bclrulvDa  »r 
.l.r«,ivpe)  pU.„,  ca.i,  f.,rm.d.  made.  m^MxITjH 
in..ld.,r after  th.  manner  known  .,Tr~TJl«n   !2 

Ihal  Mid  plain  .hall  ba  incl«.l«,l  In  ih«  mm.  of  ika 
"^iT?"  m'"i"''*  •»"'••"«»«  P'"vul..l  f'.r  ^  •"• 

I  ftal  Mid  plate.,  [T  uli.n  and  Mid  und<r  .xecudoi.  at 
any  time  harearkcr.  .Iiall  not  carry  wllh  thamt^v?i-h. 
now  or  herealier  to  be  ».,.ed  ia  .iiJc  U  bj  *",U*of 
Ihi.  agreemeni  or  otherwife,  "«-"•"»>  virtue  01 

~.                  *raaantation  Coniaa 
,  !"•  J^'''.j*    "••  ;•""  ""'*•  ft"  prwwnlalion 

That  Mid  C.  D.  .bali  rac.lve  for  preMntaiion 

"p«4:f^ofTs:'*Jr.  •"  -'  -""^^  ct^g-u-T^ 

-.       .  .     Publication. 

J^'oj^'si'o;^'ti::'iit;!j?"J=  '^^  *>'  •»"'"- 

—  ,£1  "f*  "^"^  •'^'  •*  publi»hed  on  or  befora  tha 
That  the  right  to  publidi  and  vend  Mid  wprL  shall 

?~i^.  •'M?'  ■"  '?l"'l  •''•«''•'  »f  "*>l  t.  O  orby 
operailon  of  Uw  and  he  .hall  be  .holly  and  utt.riy  In- 

SS^dllfH  ?"?{"  '"^  "f  ••  \f  -y  ««  *h.,.v.r :  Vnd 
^S^  "a  S  P  V  •"»  «'"•  become  inc.pabie  of  ex.r. 
5«rSiwt  In'ild  A  VllSi^'  '  '»'f"P»n"«P««  to  and 
^•h^lr  ?i"  "u  *■  "•  V!f  ?'» '«P'  '•iwwenialive. ;  ,r, 

i^.k  r  if  .••'^^;  P-  ""^  •!'»  "^  «pnM.ni.ti»M  diir- 
if  ml3e      '•"»»' «'»«~l>y'*«'«»W«reJ^and  lu  renewal, 

Th...?i5*'*'^i^H'  ""J  ■"«•  »*«ym«nta. 

That  Mid  A.  B.  .hall,  in  the  manner  and  time,  afoin. 
.ad,  receive  a  royalty  of  --  per  cenTJoi  T"  r.^ 
jeinng  price)  of  every  copy  of  -Sid  work  ^ublllhcd  .l!d 

of^h  ^.IT^'^'*  t*^*  be  payable  en  the  I!m  day 
A„!S  I "?""''' i'i;'*''*';'"' ""  'b*  Bntday.  of  Jaiuary 
April,  July,  and  No>  tmbei ;  of  .ach  year  J"-""''- 
That  aaid  A.  B.  .hall  receive  a  .uin  «<ii><il  to  tha  nro. 
Kr'h^^lt^ilSKi""'"'''^'''  •""«  b."^  «h.n°th.  n?^ 

rr,Lrr^i-^Er^  """i' '~,! "°  »"»»•' «""'«"« 'h»n  that 

__  . .  .    _     Atuikrrftrm. 

That  u^d  A.  B.  ihaU  reoeiva  the  following  royalties : 
-^SSLtXoJ   '^  t«ailMlUn,  priceTofthe  flr^t 

-r;»^«?d'j3^""  "-"  "'""•  '-^>  <"»'•— 
thr';;rfi^',3d'  *"' ""  "*"  -'""■  »^~)  °'  •"  «=«**- 

That  aaid  ro>alliet  shall  ba  payable,  etc  ,  m  above. 


nfl^il".''*  ^  ?  ^'^  \  "  >  hereby  guaranteer  a  nla 
Srst  «housaad  copies  of  Mid  work  duHi«  Um 

That  the  succeedtng  yean  the  mIcs  thereof  shall  oat 
b«  •"»  «n»n  — -  ihouwnd  copies  per  year 

rf  Jj.**.?  1  "*  "5  ''^•*  ¥'•*  ••"'  <-■  "  »b«"  '"felt  •» 
"15?  by.  in,  and  under  this  agreement. 

hJV)Swi„f.*i?'."i!l'  of  «»l"  »h.ll  be  in  aV  case,  verified 
by  affidavit  in  the  accounting,  herein  .tipuiated  to  ba 
made  and  faHlngthU,«»ll  ..  all  evenuoni  lu  ^h 
year  DC  .0  mada. 

-•^  »     -J      _.    *••?•  "nd  8iie. 
mat  Mid  work,  exclusive  ofconienu  and  index  shall 
contain  (•r  not  exceed ) pasrs  ■""•""•".•nail 

that  of  a  book  entithd ,  puMMied  by  -,~  of  — T 

••Sf—.  b^^h  ~.  **•  '"  «"*««'«'»"  ••  Wloiwi 


C0NT»ACT9. 


Tarriloiy  ■•Mrvad. 

That  ih*  fallowing  wrrUory  (hall  b«  nuftti  to  iIm 
■uiluw'*  9W  dUpouUen  uid  um  (dttcritii^  IT). 
Tim*  «f  Authar. 

Tlwi  In  ih*  nManilnw  h«  nhiill  dav^M h<iun  of 

th«  — —  part  tff  ih«  tl«y  Iti  lh«  «ork  «lur«»Ml(l  ax 
diwlvaly,  ami  in  miwita  allow  any  maiiar  lo  Iniarlrrc 
•Ilk  ihU  pijrtliHi  uf  hi>  agracmanl 

Tltla,  TIU*-pM«.  •nd  D«Mrlptlon. 

Thai  Iha  liilt  ot  aald  wuii  ahall  ba  in  ih*  w  jnk  aiMi 
fl|uir«ft  a*  fiilliiwa,  via.: 

J'liai  Iha  lama  may  h*  allarad,  abandontd,  aiodlAad, 
or  autiaiiiulad  at  any  lima  baliira  publication  upon  tha 
mutual  cunacni  of  aaUl  (larllca  .  #/' 

That   no  ihanga  ur   modlAcailon  of  any  characlar 
whalavar  ahall  ba  mada  In  tha  abova-nanMd  illta'paga. 
Typa. 

Thai  tald  work  ahall  ba  aal  In  *uch  lypa  only  aa  aaid 
parttaa  thall  mutually  aaraa  upon .  «r 

That  aald  work  ahall  ba  tat  In  auch  lypa  ooly  aa  aaki 
A.  R.  (#r  C.  D.I  itull  aaraa  upon ,  ar 

Thai  aaid  work  ahall  ba  mi  in  iha  lypa  aad  atyla  aa 
foUowa  (4/f><«v  "^  M«<r  miHuttfiii. 
Warranty,  ate. 

Thai  taid  A   B.  warrant*  aald  cop 
avary liability  from  pimcy.  or  oiharwl 


opy  ftaa  hoai  all  and 

I  pimcy.  or  oiiiarwiaa,  or  In  any  way 

tul^act  lo  aiiy  panaliy ,  liabilliy,  or  fciMlura  umiar  iha 


lawi  ralaiiiia  lu  cupyrlahta 

That  aaid  AH  ahall  be  liabia  lo  tha  ailani  of  all 
paiwliiaa,  liabiliilaa,  and  iorCtiium  Incurrad  through  h» 
caralaaanaaa  in  ihi*  bahalf,  or  aaywlaa  In  ilia  praatiaaa, 
or  ihnMighaut  w:d  aniira  work. 

C«ii«r««l'-<'*l>jrrl|rlit  Mmiimv. 

Ctiurat  Ftrm. 
Sea  llila  AaaiiiNMairr,  ania. 

Tkia  ■iraamaat,  mada  this day  of—,  A. 

D.  - — ,  batwMin  A.  B.,  of ,  aad  C.  D.,  of  — ~, 

wUna—Hh ; 

That  A.  B.,  for  tha  ccnatdaratlon  haralnallar 
mtntlonad,  ahall  prapara  a  (n»miHi  '**  "il^O,  to 

compriaa  volumaa  («r  pan*,  ate),  wmck  ba 

aball  complata  for  praaa  aa  rapidly  aa  practleaM* 
(#r  on  or  bafora  the  —  day  of ). 

That  tha  copjrrlght  of  aald  work  ahall  ba  aa- 
curod  by  and  in  tne  aama  of  — —  (as  author  and 
proprlalor,  «r  propriauir). 

That  aaid  C.I>.  ahall  publiah,  rapubllah,  and 
vand  aaid . 

That  aald  C.  D.  ahall  glva  aaid  A.  B.  for  praaaa- 
tatien of  aald  work. 

That  aald  C.  D.  ahaU  pay  aaid  A.  B.  for  aald 
work  aa  foltowa: . 

In  wltnoaa  whoraof,  aald  partlaa  hava  haraunto 

iat  tholr  haada  thia day  of ,  A.  D. . 

A,B. 
CO. 
«^a«nMt-C«p]rH«1it  MteMcr. 
C*n*ml  F»rm. 
Saa  lllla  AaatCNHBKT,  aota. 

Thia  afroamaDt,  ate.,  wltnaaaath ; 

That  A.  B.  aball,  on.  or  bafero  tha day  of 

— ,  fwrnlah  C  D.  copy  for  a  work  antltlad  (ghing 
ih*  MU  «/  tk4  wtrh). 

That  A.  B.  ahall  copyright  tha  aama  In  hla  own 
nama. 

That  C  D.  ahall,  on  or  bafora  tha  —  day  of 
— — ,  pubUah  tha  aama  (In  iha  tlyl*  lo  ba  agraad 
upon),  and  tharaafter  aall  tha  aama  by  aubacrip- 
tlon,  iiajfing  A.  B.  —  par  cant,  of  tha  aubacrip- 
tion  priea'tnarafor  aa  tha  ai 


I  aama  ia  aeld  by  him. 
f  aaid  work 
an  ba  chaagad  i 


That  tha  titla^aga  af  aaid  work  may  at  any 
tima  Iwfera  pnMicailon  ba  chaagad  aa  aaaaat  or 
partiea  and  circumataneaa  raquira. 


That  afiar  tha  amlratlen  of («  after  the  lale 

of eonica  of  aaMTworfci  C.  D.  ahall  aall  at  laaat 

——  copiaa  aaeh  auecaading  yaar,  or  maka  up 
auch  daflclaney  at  tha  aaptntaon  tharaof,  or  in 
lieu  thereof  turn  over  all  plataa  and  raleaaa  an 
title  and  intereat  in  aad  righta  under  thia  agraa- 
maat  to  aald  A.  B.  (<%<w<f  >   aTb. 

In  wltaeea,  etc  C  O. 

CMitrN«»-CM»]rriark(  nmMtmr. 

PuUkmHm  a^  9Ma/  Aettanl. 
Thia  agreement,  eta.,  wltnaaaath : 
That  aaid  A.  B.  la  proprietor  of  the  tollowlni 
frarka,  via.  (i<rarr<M«  tkim). 


That  aaid  C.  D.  ahall  baeeme  pabllahar  af  aaM 
workk 

Thai  tha  coat  of  manufkaturing  aald  warha 
ahall  ba  mada  up  by  aald  A.  B,  by  aharging  the 
priming  plaiaa,  booii  and  plaM  paper  at   Brat 

coat,  Iha  praaa  work  ai cania  per  token,  and 

Iha  callaating  and  dalWary  at  tha  itaual  coat. 

That  aald  warha  ahall  be  delivered  to  C.  D.  la 
ahaata  to  ba  litlded  and  bound  at  caet  price,  and 
at  hie  own  coot  and  aapeaae  for  matarlala  and 
labor. 

That  aald  bookr  ahall  ba  put  up  In  tha  eama 
atyle  and  ^ualU'-,  and  uniform  wit"  the  volumea 

of ,  formerly  pubUahad  by  aald  A.  B.,  a  copy 

of  which  la  herewith  eubmitted. 

That  the  eaoenea  of  circulara  and  advertieing 
aaid  aeriee  of  worka  ahall  be  divided  between 
eald  murtieB  and  limited  to  auch  an  amaunt  aa 
may  hereafter  be  agreed  to.  An  accurate  account 
of  which  axpanee  ehall  be  kept  and  rendered  en 
the daya  af In  each  year. 

That  all  copiaa  of  aaeh  new  valuma.  not  ea- 

ceeding ,  tlven  «  r  prwMnted  for  editorial  pur- 

poaaa,  ahall  be  charged  at  coat  ar  an  Item  of  ad- 
vertiaing,  aad  the  amount  thereof  equally  borne 
by  eaid  partiee.  An  accurate  account  of  which, 
ard  to  whom  given  or  prcaanted,  ehall  ba  kept 
and  rendered  at  the  time  af  accountlM  aioracald. 

That  tha  proAtc  of  aech  volume  ahall  be  equally 
divided  iMtwcen  aald  panlce. 

That  aald  proAt  aball  conaiat  of  the  diSkreMo 
between  the  actual  coat  of  manufacturing  each 
volume  and  tha  wholaeala  price  of  tha  aama, 
which  ahall  be par  copy. 

That  cald  C  D.  ehall  aeU  caid  worka  at  aald 
wholeaala  price,  caving  aniy  email  lou  of  ■—  la 
number  when  the  actual  ptetta  theraoa  ehall  be 
coually  divided.  An  accurate  account  of  all 
wnlch,  and  to  whom  aold  ahall  be  kept,  ehall  be 
truly  kept  and  rendered  at  tha  time  of  accounting 
aforaeaid. 

That  thia  agraameat  ahall  ba  la  tM  farce  and 
Wnding  for  a  term  af  Ave  yearn  from  thia  data, 
and  thereafter  until  one  of  eald  partlaa  ahall  give 
to  the  other  ela  monthe  notice.  In  writing,  aigal- 
^Ing  bia  wlah  M  annul  the  came. 

That  In  caaa  no  eatlafkcto^  arrangement  can 
ba  ouida  for  i'%u  eettlement  or  each  party'a  intar- 
aet  aa  arbitratar  ahall  be  cboeea  by  each  party, 
aad  by  aaid  two  choaan  another  ehaU  ba  aelected, 
the  deciaion  of  whom  or  any  twa  af  them,  ia 
writing,  ehall  ba  Anal,  kf.adiag,  and  coacluaiva. 

Ia  wltaaaa,  etc. 

C— >rawit'  Ki»l»y— <. 

Atttrn^  mmd  CUrk. 
Sac  lllla  ArraawTicmHir,  ante. 

Artlclea  of  agreement  made  and  entered  lata 

thia day  of ,  A.  D.  — -.  by  aad  batwaea 

A.  B.,  of ,  attorney,  and  C  D.,  of  — ,  (armar 

(and  I.  D.,  hla  aon),  wltnaaaath : 

That  I.  D.  ahali  (Mthftally  aarve  aaid  A.  B.  aa 

hla  clerk  for  the  apace  of yaara,  tram  tha 

day  of . 

That  he  ahall  aafely  keep  and  not  ambeMla, 
miaapand,  purloia,  ar  aacrete  any  of  tM  chattala, 
eradita,  eHecta,  aetata,  geoda,  Mioaeya.  ar  writlaga 
received  by  him  or  committed  M  nla  earo,  or 
knowingly  permit  or  aolfer  the  came  to  be  doa% 

That  be  aaall  aot  diacloae  or  make  kaowa  any 
aacreta  of  hla  maater  or  hla  maater'e  eMeata,  or 
aay  aiattar  ralatlag  to  hie  maater'e  baabMaa  or 
to  aia  preladlaa. 

That  ha  ahaU  aot  abeant  himaelf  fhim  Ma  OMa. 
tor'a  eatvka  durlnc  aaM  term  without  hla  coa- 
aeat,  aad  that  ha  ahaU  la  all  thiaga  ba  lUthfU 
and  true  to  hla  aaid  mMtar. 

That  aaid  &  D.  aball  pay  aaM  A.  B.  the  aam  of 
Ave  huadrad  doltara  up«a  the  (tlgnlng  ot  Jiki  agree. 
anni)  —  day  of  —  («r.  aa  fbUowi). 

That  aald  C  D.  ahall  clothe  and  bear  all  aa- 
paneea  laaidoat  to  UI-haaMi  of  aaid  I.  O. 

That  aaid  A.  B.,  in  caaalderatlaa  tharaof,  ahall 
during  eald  tarn  Inatnict  aaid  I.  D.  la  the  piefoa- 
aioa  of  law  aad  practtca  of  an  atWraay  ia  tha 

coBrt,ate..aad  In  tha  meaotlma  arovido  Wv 

with  cood  aad  auAclcat  fivod  aad  fedflBg,  aa>. 

allow  him a  yaar  for  waablag  Ua  IUMMi(aBd 

hie  lacoBM  aa  aotaiy). 


? 
•^ 


fli*tur<iif   Ml4  w«rhi 

h.  a.  by  aharglng  th« 

plaM  ^IMT  ••   ArM 

-  c«n««  p«r  taban,  ■•4 
•I  the  iMual  ••■*■ 

il«Uv«r«4  to  C  D.  It 
mitd  at  taal  prlca,  an4 
aaa  tot  matcrlaU  and 

•  put  up  in  tha  aamt 
win  with  tha  volumaa 
byaaM  A.  ».,»,— 99 
iitta4. 

ttlara  an4  advartlalna 
I  ba  4tvMa4  batwaan 

0  auch  aa  amaunt  aa 
An  accurata  accauni 

hapt  and  randarad  an 

1  yaar. 

saw  valuma,  aat  aa- 
intad  for  adltarlal  pur- 
■aat  ar  an  ttam  of  ad- 
tharaaf  a^uallr  bama 
ita  aaaouot  af  whtak* 
aaaotad,  ahaU  ba  hapt 
'acaoanUnkf  alorataUi. 
oiuoia  ahau  ba  aquaily 
■a. 

inalat  of  tha  dUfbraMa 
f  manufocturtafl  aa«k 
■  prlaa  of  tha  aama, 

Si  aatd  worba  at  aald 
>ly  amall  lou  af  —  ta 
loAta  tharaon  ahall  ba 
urata  account  of  all 
ikall  ba  bapt.  ahatl  ba 
iba  ttma  of  aceoiiatlBg 

lU  ka  In  run  larca  and 
yoars  Aroa  thfai  data, 
aald  parilaa  ahall  fiva 
ttica,  In  writing,  aignl- 
laaiaa. 

tonr  arrangamant  can 
t  or  aach  party 'a  Intar- 
Ehoaan  by  aaah  party, 
>thar  ahall  ba  aalactad, 
any  twa  of  tham,  hi 
ling,  and  conaluaiva. 

TcUrk. 

icHHir,  ama. 

lada  and  antarad  Int* 

I.  — -.  by  and  batwaan 

d  C  D.,  of ,  farmar 

Hh: 

y  aanra  aaid  A.  S.  aa 

—  yaara,  ftom  tha  — - 

lap  and  not  ambaaila, 
Ita  any  of  t^a  chattala, 
la,  Mionaya.  or  wrttlag* 
mlttad  to  kla  oaro.  or 
r  tha  aama  ta  ba  don% 
M  or  maha  known  any 
ila  maatar'a  cHaBta,  or 
a  maatar'a  bnatsaaa  ar 

himaalf  from  Ma  aaa* 
tarm  wlibmit  hia  co»- 
B  all  thtaga  ko  fUthtkl 
r. 

t  aald  K.  B.  tita  aam  of 
tha  (tlgniag  Ok  Jila  «gi««< 
I  fgilowt). 

ilotha  and  hoar  an  oa- 
h  of  aaid  I.  D. 
Idaration  tharaof,  ahaU 
Mid  I.  O.  la  tha  profoo- 
of  an  atwraay  la  tho 
maantima  jproMtfo  hi<t 
fdod  aad 


CONTRACTS. 


tl 


It  U  Imhar  aojanantad  and  agraad  that  In  caaa 
•aid  A.  ■.  ar  I.  O.  dl«*  within  iha  Aral  yaar  af 
Mid  larm.  than  aaul  A  II  .  or  hi.  I««.|  r.M^Un. 
uu«aa.  .ha  r.pay  to  u,iA  C.  D  .h.'.um  Vf  four 
hundrad  dollar..  And  ir  .iihar  .ho^ld  4i«  durlna 
Iha  Mcond  y.ar.  Ih.n  .aid  A.  ■..  or  hi.  I...!  ,,Z 
..MntalW*.  .ha  ,.p.y  „w  «».  D  «h.  Sum  ir 
(hraa  hundrad  dollar*.  .(< 

Jt'.r.'i"t!I'jr.''f '!?'••?.'''  e"'!.'**  •••*•  •'•'•unto 

Bttk-Ktfhr  »<J M0rik4kmt. 

Thia  agraamani,  .u.,  wlinaaaath : 

That  aaid  A.  ■.  win, during  a  Urm  of yaara 

.rona  data  haraef,  dw.ll  with,  folihfully.^Sr- 
.nd  dlliganilv  aar»a  aalil  C.  D,  -««»•«"«"  ••. 

r.atlaaa  ar  aald  C.  D.,  and  rrom  lima  10  lima 

liim  a  eomplata  and  parraat  acceuai.  In  wrlilna. 
or  all  monay  raaalvad  and  paid  aut,  and  oV  a* 
laoda  and  tommodlil..  whfc^  h.  ii,ril  ,1  aSy 

ruStVf'^a'd^.V"  '••••'"  '•"••"''"  -^  •«■ 

That  aald  A.  ■.  will  pay  aald  C.  D.  all  auch 

:?  Tv'^TcruVt-'""*  "*  ■*-  "••"  '••• '--' '^ 

That  aald  A.  B.  will  not  diacloaa  any  of  ih*  ••■ 

«  Il£'.»lr^i.?-  *!!'  "•'  <«««»oy,  .mba.il.,  0, 

"  fh.t  252  I"i*!Li?f""'  '»»"»«•■« »»  hia  car.. 

mat  aaid  A.  B.  wOi  nat  aorraapond  with  anv 

p«r«)n  eorroaponding  with  hia  Sd  ampto«r 

^  hll  KV?""'  "*  ""■?  ""  »' ••  •"•raatad  In  any 
o(h.r  kuainaM  or  uada  whataeavar,  lylthoul  tha 

That  aaid  A.  B.  wlU  not  dallvar  upon  crodii  anv 
of  1^  gooda.  marahandlaa,  or  mon^  ofilid  c? 
D-.  Of  any  af  hia  corraapondoata,  to  any  omo^ 

."nV^rSld'aSr**"'^"'""'*  i^'-MSTn". 
That  aaid  C.  D.,.n  eonaidaratlon  of  aaid  aar. 

Inf  wi.i     •'"*'  >»*y«»»««' «"»«»«•  dayJr follow. 

„f  .  tS  ••".  ^  °;  •*••'••  <n  furthar  eonaidaratlon 
n  SAl"*'2i*'=f  ••  ••>"'''«  •■'<«  «'">•.  proWda  aaid  A 


til 


waahiag. 
la  wifaaaa  wbaraof,  ate. 


€•1 


■•■»l«(IH«Mt. 


.r  _'*  ^'''  ,-*•  ■•_*»•!••  •»  •«•  »»fhra  tha  - 

ow  with 


day 
all 


and  lying 
and 


'kf^'lli 


-f '!;"•  J~  •••  "••••«"  or  oaiora  th< 

or ,  braah.  preparly  Hi,  aad  aaw  wH 

Immadlatabr  north  of  Iha  dw^ldng'tU^uM 
cardan  of  aald  CD.,  In  tha  town  ofi-.. 

byillld  c"  D  "^  *""•*  """  •*  '••"■O 

That  ha  will  dalHrareiia-hair  of  aaid  wh»*  k. 
">f  tho  prodnca  tharoof^lSdC  a  artt?i;ij" 

SX^JTl^^  <waiii»g*;uaa7S^  bi'iRTttr^" 

JtSi*^^tl:Jt'!^l  parlbrm  all  tha  work  and 
Ja  witaaaa,  ate. 
_,  Cirr4  •>.  I»>?2^"'"'" 


aaclarli(»r l€M.iiMi*««B)  w    «.  w. 

j.u  -'..••''  'i-  "  •*■•"  fo"hrully,  hanaaUy,  aad 
dlllganlW  parform  ih.  duii..  ar  a  ^\,"TZ^»^ 
Mymini  In  Iha  .lora  (,r  tli-.n,  of  ..Id  C  D  and 
**»  •?! »'»•«  ••»•/  •"  tha  ,,•;'«„,",  couimandt 

?;;r.sri'a'dVi'"^'=  °' "-'«-« •*• '— 

a.ir.'ii}'rr.'  '.-mrfoy'T;,  isris^'h-iVaTirni; 

upon  Mlu  tmjpioy.r  .  conoanl.  " 

vuJl' wIm  r.£i   ,i'  It  ••"•••••'••fo"  -r  aald  Mr- 
vicaa.  will  raad,  clotha.  and  cara  for  uld  A  ■ 
and  pay  him  a  y.arly  aum  or  Sva  hundred  daliara^ 

>n2;sj.Vtr'*"'  "'"•»«••  oVika  •,Sd:i^» 

In  wliiMaa  wharaof,  oM. 

«'MtrMI-BNi>l«yrMiM|«. 

">«»»»•"•*.  "hall,  an  or  kafera  tha day  or 

heat,  at  hie  own  coal  and  aapaoaa.  orovld. 

good  andaulUbl*  malarial,  and  .ngra«^  fiier.cn 
(i  l.,lt  tuA^t,  il,m  ty  ,i,m )  -ograYa  inereo  n 

--l!'-i?  "'■  "'*•'  ••••'•"••e*.  within  daya 

tl?a  aJma'  *"""  "*        "      °  '*'  ""  "•""•'y  »  ' 

B«I!'tii?1*i°-'"  ••»f«*«'«Mon  thereof, ehall 

cute,  the  aum  or dollara. 

In  wlioaaa,  etc. 

.Bl^.SrVl^u  ?••  'fS  "••  ••"•Werallon  hereafler 
apacinad,  ahall  nrevida good  and  parrect  .ic.l 

K"n'lo'*an«*e?!S!''''**''**»'»~«»-''''^''««* 
w«i.mJ!iXi"  "'"•••^«  "J^  hnlah  tha  aama  In  a 

C  D  o^^LT-'r!?/'  ""^  *•"*"  »•»••«•  to  aald 
«••  u. ,  on  or  borore  the day  of . 

«.«  f • '"  Sf "ir*1f"""»  therefor,  aald  C.  D.  ehall 
pay  to  uld  A.  B.,  upon  the  delivery  of  aaid  an- 
SLTil^Sfi'r^'r.'""'  •''  "'  them.lhe^eJIJn  of  .^ 
^°Wi£l'iSXSJri"'  -turacllon  therefor. 


FrtigMuil  Shit  er  l„ul. 

Thia  agreamant,  made  Uiia day  of .  ba. 

IhZ;.".*;^";^  *^;'  '*;'•"  •!!«•  ""•■"•••Jon  iiT 

chanu,  af  tho  city  of ,of  tha  Aral  part,  and 

&  .^Vi  *'!5~'  ^"1  ■"••*•'  •'  »»>•  aloop  (ir  canal 
bowo  ■mpira,  of  the  Mcond  part.  wItneiaMhr 

kV't\  '•W  '?"'' »'  ♦•^  Urafpart  ahall  load  and 
rValght  aald  alooplw-cwuUboaifduring  the  muing 
aeaeon  of  navigatioa.  to  coianeaca  an  the  — ! 
dayor neat. 

That  aald  aloop  r»r  eaiml  boat)  ahall  be  In  read!. 
neaa  to  racalve  bar  Aral  ladlng.at  tha  dock  of  aaid 

party  of  th'J^*  P*rt. "  "Mp'tlo. .  la  the  cit? 

f  f  — ^aforoMld,  on  tho  laat  naraati  dau.  anS 

thereafter  on  her  upward  tripe  from to  -— ! 

and  on  her  return  tripa  from  —  to . 

■"»«••'*  party  ortho-Brat  part  will  pay  aaid 
partv  of  the  aac«id  part,  for  earryiog  the  aama! 
on  tfco  delivaryif  aaeh  and  avary  came  "".a"; 
and  aound  eoniitioa,  tha  following  iSU  af  torn, 
ponaauon  t 

Coal, dollara  par  tea. 

gjy.tooda.  — -  donara  p«r  hundred. 
2^«"..— -  dollara  par  hundrad. 

&tr^iassfgrv;^.j!«"«  ^  ^^'^ 

Butter, dollara  pw^i^' 

grain, ••        ••   hundred. 

rioor, "        "   barrel. 

Hfy*    "        "  bate. 

dradf**  ■"*  *'"'•'*  **•"• tfodaia  par  haa. 

.»l**^  **"  fV*f  *'  **>•  OfM  part  ahall  dallvar 
part,  at  Kla  atoop  (;r  caaal  fcaaCr^ 


I 


OONTKACTH. 


That  saUl  p«Hv  •!  tb«  Am  ft*  ahaH  na«  •«  anf 
Mm*  c«<|«ilr*  mM  |Mr«y  •(  tlia  Maand  r***  *• 
Mfty  at  «•■«•«  *^  kta  ilttMi  t«r  ««m1  I»>mi«i  any 
%mkm  ar  lumaar  •••'««  aaa  l»«a<ll«s>  ••••ixwli, 
Mr'i  «art,  tr  vahiclaa  at  aay  4aaarl|>«laa,  aar 
•ay  Korsaa,  mulaa.  i#l«l«.  •wliia,  atiMy,  itf  aai- 
•        ■  Mian  wl 


MaU  of  an/  d«acrtr<Ian  wnaiavar. 

Thai  aatd  M'ty  <>'  *'>*  (Mand  part,  la  canaMar- 
•tlaa  a<  tha  iHramlaa*,  •lia'l  tafaly  aarfv  aH  a«i<h 
Ming  aM  fralgtit  aa  ha  '  <al)  raaatva  tutm  aaM 
■arty  of  tha  Arat  part,  i  'I  t^aMvar  thanv  ta  aa 
|m4  »tni  aauad  cnndltlan  >•  >a«alva4,  aaaar4iM 
fc  tha  raapaaUva  Mlla  af  Uil.««  htrifMahatl  hlM  hy 
MM  party  af  tha  Arat  part. 
I  Thai  aaM  party  m(  tha  aacaiM  JMrt  ah^U  aay  all 

CaH  and  «har|«a   u(   traaapariatiaa,  litftiMlaa 
N,  tawaaa,  whac^'^aa.  ata. 
That  mM  party  ail  tha  aacaad  oart  ahall  41a- 
f^arcaallMlaf  tad  firaic*'    oa  tha  «a<k  at  hia 
•wn  taat  and  aharBa. 
That  aatd  party  af  tha  aaaand 

raguUrty  hatwaaa  , aad  , 

•laap  (•ri.auul  buail  duriag  th«  antira 


ift  ahall  pi 

with  hIa  aali 


X 

n  ef 
aav^atlaa  abava  manU>Mad,an«  ."111  aat  accupy 
mara  than  — •  daya  In  maklna  althar  an  upward 
ar  dawaward  trip,  ualaaa  hlniarai  ar  dalayad 
•y  uaavaldaMa  aaaldant. 

'Ill  witaaaa  wharaof,  tha  partiaa  hava  haraunta 
•Maad  thair  naaaaa  tha  day  and  yaar  Arat  abova 

Srltlan.  A.  B.  A  Ca. 

■•«itia4  la  praaaaaa  af  I  CD. 

W.T.  .>!.■.  t 

Aw^pUAy  '""<«/,  rfc. 

'fhia  agraamaal,  ata..  witaaaaath  t 

That  aald  A.  B. ,  far  ina  aa«at^.arattan  haralnaf- 
tar  maaUaoad,  ahall,  with  att  aapadltlaa,  (arth- 
wllli  aiaka  raady  hia  vaaaal,  V.,  and  provlda  tha 
•aoia  in  all  raapaata  tor  a  voyaga  i»  f-tHnA  ahall 
raaatva  •■  hoard  thajMaia,  far  aaM  0.  D.,  tha  fel- 
lawlnggoada:  {mtm/^H^m). 

Thai  aald  A.  •.  ahSl.  wMMa   daya  ttam 

data  haraef,  aail  trtm  thia  part  autwai4a  (iha 
araathar  aarving),  and  diraatly  to  P. 

That  within daya  afwr  aald  vaaaal'a  arrival 

•IV.,  aaM  A.  B.  ahall  ualada  and  daUvar  aald 
faada  anaa  tha  faatara  af  aald  C.  O. 

That  tha  daataik  af  aaa,  p«ihUa  anaaalaa,  and 
Hatraint  of  foralga  pawara,  aaly  aro  aaaaptad. 

That  aald  C.  D.,  in  aonalaaratloa  tharaaf,  ahall 
■ay  ti«ta  aald  A.  •.,  thr  f^alght  M  aaM  gaoda,  at 
Iha  rata  of  — •  dollara,  apan  daHvar/  and  dia- 
pharga  af  tha  •ami  al  v.,  ••  aferaaaM,  tonthar 
with  tha  aaaaatamad  avarago  prtmafa,  and  two* 
thlrda  of  all  port  ahargaa  ta  graw  dua  daring  aald 
vayaga,  Iha  alhar  third  part  m  ka  paM  ^  aald 

Is  wHoaaa,  ate* 

AA^aaMhAa__HMMMa^flvfli 
/Wraarr  Mnnig'ir. 


lonaiaaranoa  narai»- 

ind  teraaa  waU,  traly, 

C.  D.,  and  htoiagai 

ca  in  — ,  aa  Ma  haak- 


Thta  agMamaat,  ata.,  witaaaaath i 

That  aaM  A.  B.,  tar  tha  aonaldaraHon  harai»- 
>llaraiantlooad,aovananiaand " 
•«d  lUthfully  to  aarva  aaM  C 

tapraaantattvaa,  at  Ma  ftomaca  >n ,  ■■  •»>  >«••• 

kaapar,  oiaaafar.  and  avaraaar,  in  which  ooaapa- 

Hon  ha  la  aMnad,  ftram  tha  —  day  af unto 

tha day  of . 

That  during  aald  larm  •■id  C.  D-  win.  at  ail 
timaa,  IM  raady  to  randar  inat  and  trna  aaaawnia 
•fail  work, mattara,  and  tnlnga  which  hava  haan 
gr  ahall  ba  dona  ar  partermad  «t  tha  ttnm»t 
■feraaaM. 

That  duriag  aaM  lann  aaM  C.  D.  wIN  nM  wll> 


That  ba  will  erdar  and  dlraat  aH  warfeman,  aar- 
vanta,  and  paraoaa  aaaplayad  In  mM  nbMrt  aald 
ftornaaa,  in  thair  d«ly.  aaririaa.  and  warh,  «•  Iha 
•tmaai  of  hia  aMIitpilinawlaAgaiand  aMU.nnd 
tar  tha  iranlati  Mvnntaga  mm  p»«Bt  of  aaM 
A.B. 

TtMt  Im  oonaMaratlon  ttiaranf.  tha  anM  A.  B. 
satflMy  aaMC  D.,farkiaaarvloa  durinf  tba  tana 
•CMMMtf,  tha  anaa  af-^*  daHwra,  m  falwwa,  att. 


Thai  aaM  A.  B.  wiU  And  awl  pravMa  aaM  C 
O.  with  aaAalant  maat,  drlak.  waoUag,  am 
lodgtag.  dwrlna  aaM  Mrm. 

Hialaald  A.  B.  will,alh  i»waa«ataad  ^harat 
•uppty  a*M  C.  D.  with  all  thlnga  aaaaaaary  im 
•arrylag  aa  tha  work  of  aoM  fumaai, 

la  witaaaa.  ata. 


4Vmb( 

TMa  agraawanl,  •**,,  vH'naaaath  i 

That  aatd  A.  B.  ahall,  fur  a  tarn  af vaart 

tiraai  Mta  haroof,  warh  ita  louraavnian,  and  wall 
and  truly  oarvo  tha  aaUi  C.  D.,  t<a  Iha  haaiaaaa  e( 
carpantar,  luitnar,  and  mlUwriaht,  aad  la  all  au  ' 
alhar  caaacMtca  and  warh  aa  ha.  tha  aaM  A.  I 
•hall  ha  la  anvwlaa  aaivahla  af  d«lng  ar  parfit 
lag,  duriag  tfia  Mnia  afaraaaW,  aad  that  u< 
baal  ahiUty,  JudgmaM.  and  bnawladga  '^— - ' 

That  during  tia  aanMnaanca  af  aald 


auch 


hii 
thatti ! 
tarm  aai^l 
A.  B.  ahall  yearly  warh  nod  Mrfara*  tha  tradi 
and  bualnaaa  afaraanM  for  aai«  C.  D.,  aa  foll««i» 
Prom  tha  aad  af  March  uata  tha  m4  of  ««p(««' 
hoc,  flram  Iha  hour  af  aia  in  tha  marnlaa  unnt  tha 

■      i  and  Uroni  f 
■aptanbar  unM  tha  aa^  of  March,  Ikom  4aylt« 


vtrif 


haur  af  ««  In  (ha  avanina  t  and  UroM  0  *  ia«l  o 
■aptanbar  unM  tha  aad  of  March,  Ikom  < 
unto  avndawa.    ChrMnnaa,  Maw  Vaar'a, 
of  July,  daya  af  naltanal  fbal  Md  thaahagt 
and  puMic  aarviaa,  Sandaya,  and  iha  uaaal  hi 
for  braakCHi,  diunar,  cod  auppat  aaaap tad. 

Thai  anM  A.  B.  win  In  nawiiia.  durinf  tlta  taim 
•(uraaaM,  abaani  Mmaalf  hmnt  tha  aarMca  «f  tan. 
C.  D.,  nar  do,  parform,  or  work  any  of  adM  lra<l< 
or  buoinoaa  for  tha  aaa,  Iniaraat,  ar^anaAl  of  anj 
•thar  paraan  ar  paraana  o4har  than  aaM  C.  IS. 

ThataaM  C.  D. ^all  fmy  aaM  A.  B- thorcfof  !•>. 

aum  of dallara  par  month,  payable  im»«iliiv 

on  Um  Am  day  of  aach  miMlh,«r  araakly,  *'     hr  <-  <s 

That  aaM  C.  D.  ahall  pravida  anM  A.  B.  with. 
■altabto  food  and  ladgtng  («r  In  llau  Ommf, — 
dnilan  aar  araali  for  iha  tanM}. 

In  witaaaa,  ate. 

C«*tHM«—Bai»l«y  ■••■!. 

SAi*  Otumtr  «*«  Smrgftm. 

Thia  agraammt,  ata.,  wlinaaaath  i 

That  aaM  A.  B..  for  wa  •taaaldaratlon  karainaf- 
tat  manllanad,  aaafl,  dariaa  tha  voyaga  af  <h< 

•hip  I.  tfm,  —  ta WM  ratura,  aMi  auf  Ing 

har  coniiauaaca  at  a4  parta  awA  plaaaa  until  iha 
larminaiian  ofaaM  ««)raga,ndnilnlMar  mM  apply 
untaanM  C  D  .Iha  aiamar  of  aald  riilp.aai  all 
tha  «r«w, company, an4  pnaaangara  ''  aaM  vaaaat 
who  aMUll  ha,  or  aBAll  ba  takan  an  boMr^  Uiaraol 
during  aaM  iiMa.  aU  atMh  madiclnm,  phyoic.  and 
aurgary  ••  ahall  ba  praMr  and  nacaaaory ,  accart. 
lotto  tha  baal  af  Ma  ahlH  and  bnowk  gc. 

That  aaM  C.  O.,  la  «aaaMaraltoa  tharaaf,  ahall 
fully  pravMa  tha  lAlp'a  aaadMna  choat  wMh  all 
nacaaaary  druga.  madlclaaa.  amI  laairuaaaata  af 


try  druga.  niadlclaaa. 
aurgary.  at  hia  awa  caat  and     , 

itat  aaM  C.  D,  wlU  ftvaMi  aal-  at.  B.  with  all 
nacaaaary  pravMaaa.  lodging  in  tha  aaMo  of  aald 
ahip,  and  ail  alhar  aacaaiMolatlaaa  for  hia  paa- 
aaga  in  aaM  vaaaal  duriag  anM  vayaga,  a*  Ma  own 
coat  and  aapaaa*.  .    _ 

That  aaM  C.  O.  wilt  pay  MM  A.  B.  ~— 
>r  month  <lttring  aaM  voybga,  for  aaM  m 


5>ar 
In  wltni 


CoatlMMt—Hi 


'■iMlim. 


■••t, 


moMjr  haawirMKo..  whathw  Abh  ar  wall, run 

tha  Hva-mUa  raaa  co>waa  at .  agUaat  tha  gtay 

gaMliM  balanglag  ta  O.  H.,  AIM  aaoMMaly  hRMra 

That  C.  O.  ahall,  an  tha <a»  af — .  afera> 

aaM.  with  MM  gray  gaMliig.  wVrtkar  atek  ar 
waN.ninMM  lva-«Ua  rata  aaarMagainataaid 

ThafaMiTKataM  ahall  aaah  ba  (ridden  *r)  drivan 
la 'aaditta,  kanMm,  ate.,  or  f*r  raar  MMtf  ir). 
That  u  mM  blaak  galdlng  aaioM  llrai  to  the 


aftwo 


K^j^'r^^-'^'i*^^^ 


paraada,  MlMtad  ana  1^  ff' h 
Sg,  far  thMi  PMTAM.  tftar 


ftMM-Milifclilia.Hl 


k  I  wwn  •«•«  MM  fltaf 
tmnmu 


!i 


vtlnaaaaHi  i 

f»»  •  !•«»  •# irrari 

iM  MdriMyniafl,  •■Hi  wall 
C.  D.,  ia  UK  k«*lii«M  •( 
ilUwrlBlit.  aa^  la  aU  auth 
*U  aa  )i«.  ttia  aaM  A.  ■  . 
iMa  af  d«iaf  •■  Mcfirm 
httmU,  mat  tMI  Ic  hK 
Mi4  knawMaa  liiaitl  < 
aaanca  af  aaiM  larm  mi  I 
I  aa^  Mrf«fM  lh«  tisdi 
br  aaM  C.  O.,  aa  fall««i> 
Mirta  tha  m4  (>(  ««p««ii. 
I  la  Um  nuirBiaa  «n«il  \\\t 
aai  aad  fraM  if  •  ti^f  o' 
•r  March,  fratn  4airliii'i' 
maa,  Naw  Vaar'a,  wui  th 
kl  (M(  aad  thaaliwtvtni 
l«3ra,  anrf  <ha  aaital  nauM 
ul  aMMai  (Maf  ta4. 
I  aawua,  darlae  tba  ttim 
If  Aram  lhaaann««  «(••». 
ar  work  any  af  aMa  irarf* 
iataraat,  ar  MnaAl  a(  an) 
•«kaf  tlMM  mM  C  D. 
my  MM  A.  V-  tMr«i>»f  •>>• 
moatli,  ^yakla  .m»*)hiv 
iiiMlli,  0r  watkly,  i<    kr      '\ 

pravMa  aaM  A.  B.  with 
hia  («r  la  iiaa  iktnaf,  — 
aaj. 

tMflAjr  ■§•■<• 

aa«  .SaorMa- 
wlinaaaath  i 

«  •taaaldaratiaa  karataaf- 
laring  tiM  vayaga  ai  th* 
~  MM  ratitra,  aM  durtnf 
MrM  •)»<  piMM  until  tiM 
•aa,  Mimlalatar  aa4  aaply 
alar  af  aal4  Nily,  aaA  all 
I  yaaaangaw  -riaMvaaMi 
■  takan  an  koafd  thartef 
III  MtatflalnM,  phyMc.  and 
lar  •ft  naca*«»Ty ,  acaarb  - 
lUlaiMUnewk  gt. 
aaMaratiaa  tkartar,  diali 
I  aia4iaiBa  chMt  wHb  all 
laaa.aM  taatnuaaMi  af 
taniaaM«a* 
itnlak  a<it^  a.  B.  witk  all 
4«iM  la  Ilia  aaWn  af  aaU 
nmMMtmM  (ar  kla  paa- 
i«  aaM  v^raca,  •!  Ma  awn 

voyM«,far  aaMaarvtaM. 


|«»— .Wimliag. 
ritarr. 

wlwaMiBb! 

tka 'ir^- 

laMlMttaKr.a  .  .- 
wiMtiMr  mti  M  wtH,  niD 
■  at— -.acdnatttacray 
H . .  wM  c— loaly  knaara 

M  - — «•»•» — .•«»ra> 

laMtiiCi  wbalbar  atek  ar 

raM  aaaraaatalnotaald 

I  aaek  ba(tMdca  «r)  drtvan 
t  ill*  nur  maf  it). 


aMlM  eaniM  llrM  to  tka 
eawliig  M  tka  Jotenant 
aaia,  aalaatod  aaa  ^  aa'k 
I,  tar  tkM 


OONTIlACTi. 


MM  O.  D.  akaN  ^y  aoM  A.  •.  Ava  hoa4r«t  4a»- 


Tkaj  If  mM  gray  ((Ming  itamM  Aral  la  Iha  and 
•'.?^**""^i  M«lWlt«t  la  a<Mh  Ittdgmaal  alara- 
M<<d.  than  Mid  A.  t  ahali  pay  mU  aald  C.  O.  ika 
•mn  af  four  kandrad  dallara. 

T»»M  aaU  aMkM  aboil  b«  4apMtla4i  In  Iha  ha^tda 

•f  I.  K   laf ).  l«  IM  paid  to  Wia  wtnnlaa  parly 

MaOTMnf  to  IhM  acraamant, 

Tkai  IfaayAMItira  akall  aa  niada  In  alikar  af 
Mtd  kotOM  ranmag  aa  ateraoaM.  Uia  pwly  undar. 

liii**  **  5".f  **"*.  •*•"  '^*^«  •-*  r*r  'ha 

^"'4' dallata  |#r  I.*.,  Ii«<  warn,  and  ih*  «h.>la 

id*  olhar 


"w  ••a»'  »l<iili  (•«  iMiW  •■»  th*  ■.«lt«r  af  diaai,  «a  If 
•ark  kuna  kwl  aniiMll  ^  nia  aad  laat). 
'    In  wltoaM,  aic. 

Cmmj  raat-ltfaa-WMilMy. 

ordtr  to  .-._.^_,.  _  -■»_• 
■aatloMaa  at  tka  aatiniy  af 


wn«av^^^lllll««, 

arfkantiata  aitkMrtkM 


(•In 

■laatlng  of    ika 

and   alaii    iha 


Iz^^m"  S  i^  aa«n«y  ar  ~  and  ala,.  iha 
broad  of  good  koraaa.  h«wa  Mvaraily  agraad.  aod 
ky  tkaM  oraoaala  4o  ikio 4ay  of  ~,  la  mM 


Irin,  enk 
Iha  iwa» 
K«kabnl< 
'*•  paoar 


wl^  aack  atbar  M  h 
Tkat  aa  or  katara  tka  day  af aaat  a 

Meor«ag  M  uAaari^laM  kar«-,4«dar  wr^llan  b 
A.B  MaUkakaMat orotaward. a»t, .or klachoar 
ropraaaatatlvM  la  tkia  k^i^.  la  ka  ran  for  an  «h« 
caarw  at  -  —  kv  aa«  kona.  mara.  «.   aatdlna 
wkataaavoi  *  hat  akolt  bo  aatarad  ft  that  purpoaa 
laaMM  MMJI  k«raa,  aar<    nr  gaUti^  aa  k>,.<  w..m  .V,y. 

Iha  valua  of  mM at  any  on-  lima),  and  that  avary 

aoek  koaaa,  Mara,  ar  galdknar  akall,  «t«,  {„.«  In 

hariMwa,  wa«an,  wrry pmmit  waigkt.  a««.,  4<<i/W 

,*tu*)ti»mt,  if  mmf  ^ 

A«M|Maaaa  and  aatrlaa  tar  raM.   '|-h«*  mi  p»r» .« 
•h-     run  any  hiMia,  aura,  or  laldlng  lor  aaid  i  lur,  .; 
I"'     /T  f*"**/*  **  »»*/W)  Ik.)  haa  not  aciuaUy  i..«l 
A«M  **  »>aM  kkl  owo  fer  law  aiaalkt  aaat  bafera  iha 
lima  III   ruBodag. 

Tkai  10  hana,  mc  .  thaiH  nin  tar  wid  (tta4r)  whoaa 
«li«,  ii»lor.  or  aiarli  ami  nama  (if  »ii»i,  t,jgt<h.  r  with 

iJ?^  "**•  •»*"".  *•'•"  »"•  'w  anttrwl  i,h  ih« 
tukabnldar  (atawardl  <»r  hia  rrpxMnuiiv*  ,1  «  boiili 
'.  papar  akkh  akall  bt  k»p«  (i>r  ilu.  v.-ptea'.  and  auch 
•airy  Jo  ha  aMda  at  ih     raquaai  »f  tkc  <r«nar  «r  hia 

•«WI  fc.r  Ikal  parpoa.      „  tha  day  of n,,,, 

li««»Malka  kawt  af  alghi  o'cloali  la  th«  tmnobn  and 

•'»•«»>«■  la  na  aftani<K.ii.  m Intii  I  •imaiK  m 

whtash  ibM  aad  placa  *vtry  hor*a,  otc..  ihi.ti  -.  tbowa 
ora^    aikarwiaa  b«  aadudad  fma  all  baa««H  af uld 

2  "C«;k«t***«    '"award)    or  Ma  nptmrnnuti'^  In 

'}»  k*alf.  Iha  iuoiaf dnUm  If  a  auh<  ,lbar.  and 

■iia  twa  af doNani  If  not  a  aubacrlbar  (.m.h  munaya 

to  ka  wholly  uaad  and  conirlbuicd  tawarda  uld  (jteArt 
aad  aha  tU  .ddlti«»l  Mm  .,(  —  ,0  1*1.1^^ 

CaadtfiMtMa  of  tkIa  aaraamaat.  ITmu  <f  .«y 
dlBaraaM  akall  hap, .  n  to  arfia  aboni  iha  irua  nuamma 

diaarwlnad  I.  iha  aMJiriiy  of  tka  Mbacrtbara  than 
praaaai,  arhoac  >  leicrmlnniloa,  la  aftMag  ar  otHarwiaa. 
than  ba  «ancltni<fe  and  iaal. 

^Ma  and  aapanaaa.  That  dia  aiakakoldar  (ar 
••award)  or  hi«  fapraaantotlva  isferaaaid,  ahall  bafcra 

•™  — -  "»)'  "' .  pot  Iha  cawM  and  pnau  ia  good 

aad  auWclant  repair,  and  upoa  propar  »oiicher»  nr  n- 
calpla  for  Iha  a^iaa  may  dadnel  iba  charia  «lu  raof  out 

of  MKh  F«-«—  --  k-  ->— » • — '  • 

Iha  aaid  ,_, 
noilca  ikaraof 
relating  to  tho 

•hall  ho  dlManoad  ai  any  ona  af  iha  Mild  tkiMTiaS^ 
Mch  hMM.atc.ahaM  not  ba  aRowad  to  tvm  again,  ao^ 
Uia  owaor  iharaof  ka<ra  any  banallt  of  nid  (rSSr).  If 
Mjr  bona,  a«.,  tM  .hqwen  to  dialann  ait  tha  ml, 
nan  Iha  oaraar  of  mM  kofM,  ttc.  .^«H  h»»«  aaid 

IJi^"2?"***^»""^j'^  »»*  be  dhtancad  tha 
moVkiai*  too  owaar  of  1 

woo  

(utk  hau  biOg  ihrM  ayiaK^'dMiMbaMT'a^' 


for  Iha  krtiaa  may  dadnel  ika  charga  «lu  raof  out 

/^^a^."  ^  ?•""  '"f^**  «»*•"«•  i»ro»ldla« 
d  («MAr),  lofMhar  wItk  iha  cbarga  of  giving 
ikarMf  in  tha  nawipnpan,  aad  aU  alkar  cCubm 

[  to  tha  aame. 


r,  mamM  MHHi  mK  oc  anianoao  tna 
r  MMk  honw,  ate,  shall  havr  iha 

Tkat  Mid  (arflfcir  /*  It  run  /tr)  ik    .  ba 


non  bv  nnatag  ika  bdat  of  li 
laaak  bm  bifig  ikrM  adloi 


Ikraa  baati  on  aijd  cuunM 


mm  laid  OM  .  ai>d  dun  haM  M  k«Hr  aktJI  ba 
alkiwad  in  ■.  ii^h  miu  kuna*  lm**<n  mw  k  bMl 

Ibai  11  <.uM«*tai  kMMa,  waraa.  IX  aaldlnaidbaN 
In  ru>~iln|t.,>Midi<«aA>iawb  •l>  a  h«u,  mmE  ili  >o 
h.M'.w.  M.  ,  .M^y  .k.ill  h«  a<l»»>d  i«  rii»  Iha  rmoik  hui. 
••"I  mch  h.«rM,  Mc  ,  oiaalwig  tka  Anwik  boat  akoll  ba 
<l««ifM<i  Iha  winning  buraa,  and  Ika  ovaar  llMrauf  akall 
win  iha  i>/m4>i 

1  h«i  Iha  owmir  of  a»i>  horaa,  aura  or  («ldl««  thai 
•hall  ran  ».»  mM  f>mMh  heat  nuy  {hu.<M  a  ludo*,  Har. 
or  umi^fa  la.nh  ).<«%•  |,|».,  «,  um|>ir«  «<>«  batil,^  m 
aiikarudai  1..  |.Mig.  »kl..h  h"»»a  ate  .ruoiaa  »nt  h>  iha 
djManca  awl  andla«|  puata  prrwIdlM  ha  gl»«i  ib«  naaia 
of  tuch  |.-l«a.  «••  ,  ),>  Iha  Makaholdar  U,  ataward)  ar 
hIa  r«pr>Mniall<«  h«l.,ra  iKa  «.»>  iiaM  vf  •unlno 

LIvarjr  and  kato  of  hoiaaa.  Thai  arary  tmb 
hot.a.  m».,,  1,,  aaldina  ih.,!!  ha  liapt  In  iba  rliy  (#r 
t..a,i.,  of  -  -_  abraaaM.  al  ika  aiablaa  of  awh  omnam 
only  ■•  •hall  (lOTirlKiil*  towanU  tald  Utadw),  ftum  tha 
day  of  anirii  in  iba  day  ^r  nuMiiiti 

RIdara  walghing  Tbai  av.ry  paraoo  lk»<  ahall 
rt.la  fur  wi<l  {tfiiitt  ihall  ai  hU  aUikllng  al  aaary  baxl 
Im  .^tf»l  10  Mt«h  hlaMrlf:  and  IT Iharmpon  ha  lack* 
(*.  xcaolai  wnihi  ur  ralUaa  l«  wal«'  luth  panon 
or  Iba  o«A«r  »-«  .a.h  boraa.  at*  ,  ahall  l.«a  tha  banallt 
.)f  iin.-l  li<Atri 

•uurla.  I  hat  If  any  botao.  mara,  ;.  (aiding  that 
»l>iin  run  Sw  wid  («««br)  ahall  run  o«  Ibe  wrong  •l.la  of 
•  rty  |>oi>l,  .tCMKb  b<.r«i.  ate  ,  tKall  Imaimliairlv  n 
turn  In  tha  tama  poat  ami  run  «»  Ha  tbuuld  bara  dona, 
n»  «hiill  loan  iha  banaCi  of  tald  («.•»*#) 

^tarl.  TKai  ail  h..r>^,  maiaa,  (iHi  ftMli^  ihall  ha 
"'  »»il  10  i.rt  l-«^w«.n  i».o  bnurt  ol  ,0  and  fcnr 
..  ,  l,<  k  in  !(•<.  .Ii.rn>...»  ,  -ha?  the  owner  a.'  such  hor«a, 
ate  .  ibit  !»  not  rnaily  to  atart  hy  thai  lima  tnall  lixa  hU 
hanani  and  abaia  In  uM  IttmJtt),  aad  tha  laat  of  tka 
hurxa,  ate  ,  aMy  alart  wlibtxM  him, 

1  hat  oMlca  of  •tartlna  avary  llaM  akall  ba  gl«M  by 
drum,  horn,  (tnaipal.  whTatIa,  or  oiharwiM,  t«y  tha  ap 
poinimanc  of  tha  •labakaldar  (Mawaidl  ar  his 
aantatlva. 

8ubaerli*i'1iB«7m7:piS;Slbm'  aa 


l<    <- 


CM<HM*-lltM«^i...wai. 

/»  t#*»f  pr  /racarw  A*4wr«an. 
Sao  Utla  AtatriMMBirT 
TkIa  Mgraomaat,  ata. ,  wttnoM 
Tkat  irfaMv  Mr  MiMin  tJkmt 

iHbat  Mid  A.  B.  will.  bMatiaa  ^  told  pracnlMa. 
tnaura  or  caitoa  tka  mbm  to  ka  Inaurad  (in  lucb 
eompanica  aa  said  C  0  ahall  daatgMla) 

That  In  daCault  af  aald  Inauranca,  on  «r  aftrr 

tka day  af ,  Mid  C.  D.  may  oflkat  tha 

aanaa  at  tho  coatn  and  aapanM  of  aaM  A.  t.  land 
bU  coats  uH,i  chargM  propar  and  nocaaury  in  aflbciing 
tha  aama,  t<i««ihar  wiih  lalartat  iharaeo  at  tha  rata  of 

I>rr  cant    jiar  annum,  ahall  ba  a  Ikn   uprn  and 

cbarga  aoainat  said -,  <o_ba  fndudad  >n  andlwcoma 

a  pan  of  any  Judgmat 
raaaoa  «f  tha  prataiaaa). 

In  iwiinaM,  ate. 


i<bciad  agalaal  ika 


by 


Mo.      ~. 


VaalnMtxiBaaL  _ 

Hmmmml^  PtUtf. 

IimniAncB  UawrniTv  op 


In  conaldarnlion  of  tha  aum  of  -—  delMra,  ro> 

caivad  of  A.  B.  at  pramium  on      'Hoy,  No. , 

for dollom,  tha  Mm*  la  conti'    j  fd  In  Ikrca  for 

tho  larm  of  —    ittHS  tha <ij»y  af_,  A.  D. 

.  at  nooa,  until  tha  —  tey  oif ,  A.  D. , 

at  aaen.  too.  C*., 

Ontad ByC.lJ    Afti. 

CiaoitMia*— lAw-flailUk 

To  bt^er  Aj/k»  •*«»  tftmjfy. 

Ttila  agTMinant,  ate.,  witaaaaothi 

That  A.  ■.,  C.  O.,  and  B.  t.  ata  about  to  com- 
■laaca  an  aetiaa  tor,  au.  {$tmHt^  tktgrmittdt  ^ikt 
ctnltn^lmltd mtUnt\,  ogalnat  O.  H.,  ate. :  ar 

Tkat  an  aetloa  for  Itjuiif  aada/i  haa  b  an 
kroagkt  agalaat  A.  B.,  C.  D. .  aad  B.  r.  to  O  H., 
Ota. 

Tkat  aaak  and  ovary  000  of  Mid  (ptaintlfTs  tr  de- 
fendaatt,  1  akall  pay  hla  M|ual  and  raopaaUvo  akkr* 
oi  tho  aaoM  aa4  ekaicM  tkaianf    »r 


•0 


OOWTKACTIb 


••(•iMi^nni  (Kail  iMr  »'•  lull  ■14  ^npoitiunau 
k.«ai«  ol  aU  <««i*  an^  «fia<(M  Iharant.  •>•«>>  ahar* 
la  ba  |uv«rna4  ky  tha  ^afaMion  of  hta  raayaa- 
nva  atiart  a*  intaraM  >m  IM  amniint  a(  lh«  l^'g 
ina«»«  taaovataa  Ini  •«  ra»4ata4  acainM  aaM  yar- 


II  wrtaaaa  •!«. 

%«alr«M>l  -Liiw  Nail*. 

rh«  UrMmant,  •««     <Miln«aaa4li 

thai  A  I  aa4  C  D  hava  m>  u|»  a  <lalm  t«  a 
laiiain  ira«<  af  Ian4,  (««nda4  u^«ia  ilia  aauy  (Ad 
■utv<ir  a'  t   R. 

Tnal  !)<•  kaunda  an4l  iimlla  a(  iai<l  laai.ky  vtr 
tiM  inaraol,  aii^ar  la  -aiand  ta,  and  arj  la  aM 
upan  aama  »i  «tia  ra«|>«ct«>«  la«4a  *l  m.  W  ,  0, 
K    an4  I  K  .  whi< 


turvay 

ThalMt4B  r  ,a 
•n4  katlaf  Ulla  i»itr' 

Or.  Tliallha  Mni) 
K   ara  nai  within  t  , 


'l>at»l*»    HRn««  wt    •■   r    ,  ^ 

Ita  a4|w>:«n(  ait4  ttaat  laM 
H  ,  aa^  I.  K.  kava  •«  aMar 
Ml 


lMuii4a  a> 


O  H 

imitt 


;A 


•Mrvay 

That  by  raaaon  of  Iha  prcmiaaa  an  aalian  ar 
MH  >•  bkily  la  arlaa  an4  ^a  luaUlulaii 

That  if  any  action  or  auit  ahall  hm  commantad 
acainal  anyar  aithar  iif  aaitl  K  F  .0  H  audi  K. 
or  any  or  allhar  of  tham.alany  ttmaor  liaiaahara- 
•  Htr,  than  avch  and  avary  ana  of  th«m  ahall  baar 
artd  My  *)**''  raafiaciiva  ahaiaa  and  |>ar«a  <■(  all 
••aU  and  damaaoa,  ariaing  by  raaaaa   '  naof 

la  wtlnaaa,  «l«. 

Thia  agraamani,  ata.,  wltaaaaatll  i 

Thai  ana  A.  ■.,hy  hta  caavayanca.  dattd  tba 

day  of ,  laaaad  Mnl«  aaid  C.  U   hia , 

Bitvatad  In  — ,  and  daaarlbad  aa  failowa,  to  wit . 
iStHrttnu  il>*  ^rtmiui\.  with  p«*f*'  t*  aiib-lat  or 
■aaian  aald  pramtaaa  of  iaaaa. 

thaiaaldC.  D.  ahall,  an  at  balaralhir  — day 

»r ,  at  iha  eaaia  and  chargta  W  mn*  It  F . ,  by 

aa  inatrumant  in  wriliilf  (*r  bv  HNHmam^M  iinon 
laid  l*a>a|  ataign,  (ranalSr,  and  tdl  »y9r  cU  hla 
Ulla  and  Intaraat  in  and  righta  undai  laid  Iaaaa, 
la  aald  B  V  ,  during  tha  raaldaa  n(  ih<  tarm  of 
•aid  Iaaaa.  aubjaal.howavar,  la  lha  lenu,  cova- 
Minia,  and  agraamanta  iharaln  cantainad. 

That  (aid  f  |f..in  caaatdarallon  tharafor, ahall, 
aia.  (tfu  w*a/) 

In  witnaaa,  tic. 

^^mmtwmm^—^^»mm^mt• 

Of  Dmiltiin 
Saa  Lamdlono  and  TaHAwr,  LaAta,  pott. 

Thtaagraafnanl.  ata-iwitnaaaalh: 

That  A.  B.  ahall  lot  unto  C.  0..  and  C.  D.  ahall 
hua  of  A.  B' .  a  earlaln  hauaa  and  lalofgroMnd,  att- 
uatad  dtutth*  pTtmtui\  for  ana  vaar  Dram  tha  Aral 
day  of  April  na«t,and  for  auah  tonaar  lima  aflar 
lha  axplration  of  aald  ana  yaar  aa  aaui  partlaa  ahall 
agraa,  and  until  tha  ana  of  thraa  montha  aftar 
ndltca  ahall  ba  givaa  by  althar  partv  for  laavlng 
•aid  pramtaaa,  for  tha  yaarty  rant  or  ~  dollara, 
payaala  (nonthly ,  on  tha  flrai  day  of  aach  momh,  «r 
quariarly,  on  >ha  fliM  daya  of  July.  Octobtr,  January, 
and  Apni ). 
la  wltaaaa,  au. 

r*N<r*«*~  liMwiaB. 

O/  thMlhiuatHl  St0rt. 
Saa  Lamduihr  ahu  Tihant,  tBAia,  pott 

Thia  agraamant,  ate,  witaaaaath  : 

That  aald  A.  B.  ahall,  by  an  inatrumant  in  writ- 
ing, aaacutad  on  or  bafora  lha  day  cf 

nast,  Iaaaa  la  aaid  C.  D.  tha  aloro,  dwalliPg-houaa 

and  lot  oumbarad ,an atraat,  in  tha  town 

•r — ,  for  a  tarm  of yaaranromma  data  or  aaid 

laaia,  at  tha  yaarly  rant  of dollara,  payabia 

(monlhly,  in  advanca,  «r  quanarljr  oa  lha  mrni  daya 
of  j«nii3>  y,  etc.,  of  aach  yaar),  cl*«i  of  all  Iaaaa  and 
aaaaaamtnta. 

That  aaid  Iaaaa  ahall  contain  covananta  tm  lha 
part  of  aaid  C.  D.,  or  hia  rapraaanUtivaa,  W  pay 
rant(rsctp<  In  caac  aaid  prcmiaaa  ara  daatroyad  by  Ara 
■~ianl  ta  tn  caaaa  until  Ihay  ara  rabuikl,  and  all  taaaa 
and  aaaaaamoata,  to  hoop  aaid  pramlaaa  in  good 
ti^air  (duaaga*  by  Ara  auopiad),  not  to  carry  oa  any 


abty  dalivar    u|i   |>uaaaaata«  a(   aatd  p<a<ailaaa  at 
lha  ••tliraltan  a(  aaid  larm 

Thai  aald  \—»»  ahall  ala^>  caniain  tavananta  an 
lha  |,a)«  al  aald  A  ■  ,  ai  »ia  raacaaanlalivaa.  far 
quiai  an)Minani  la  >an«w  aaM  l«aa«  ai  lha  »m 
piraiKin'af  lha  laim  afaraaaid.al  (i  laquaat  af 
aaid  C  D  ,  M  ba  mada  Aflaan  dajra  prtar  la  auah 
aapirailan,  tor  •  f.idhaf  lafm  ai  -  iraara,  and 
thai  in  f»m  aaid  |>i  •miaaa  ahall  ba  daalrayad  b^ 
Ara.  aald  A.  B.  ahall  raathwllh  ptaaaad  la  rabuiM 
tha  aaaaa. 

That  tha  caata  and  ahargaa  a(  aiabing,  aaaaua- 
Ing,  and  raaarding  aatd  Iaaaa,  and  dupMaata 
Iharavif  ahall  ba  a4|«Mlly  barna  aad  divldad  b» 
Iwaan  lha  partlaa  la  thia  agraanaat. 

la  witnaaa  wharaaf,  ala. 


•f>d  pay  hia  ftell  araportion  loi )  af  I 

ul  ctaanaing  and  baapinc  in  raaair  aah 
lha  cammaa  aawar  ar  dram  ihar«fl» 


That  aaid  C.  D.  ahall  not,  during  aaid  tai«H,or 
hia  occupancy  of  aaid  aramlaaa,  pwmit  ar  auMir 
any  part  of  aaid  furnilura  m  lialuraa  to  ba  ra- 


4'«ai(r««(~LMMMi>|^ 

?hla  agraamant,  ata,,  witaaaaath  : 
hat  aaid  A  B.  ahall,  far  tha  «aaa«darati«a  hara- 
laaflar  nianltflBad,  and  •»%  o$  batora  lha  —  day 

j| naal   anaulna.  I«aaa   ualo  aald  C.  O.  lha 

dlwalling  and   atamUMa  aituala  In  and  da- 

acrlbad  aa  fulhiwt  ldlr«r«l«y  ff  >/  m*4f*  smti 
Am>«V>  #r  mmmi*'  tlrt»t  tH  I,  tigathar.  alaa,  with 
lha  uaa  ef  all  and  aingular  lha  fUrailura  balonging 
la  aatd  dwalltng,  lamprlaad,  daacrtbad,  aad  man 
ilanad  in  tha  aahadula  haraunta  annaaad  and 
atgnad  by  aaid  partlaa,  fee  a  tarm  af  — ,  ai  tha 

yaariy  rant  of dallaro.  claar  from  all  «a*<a. 

rataa,  aad  ataaaamanta  whaiavor  laacapi  iha  ian<i 

laci 

That  aatd  C.  O.  ahall,  la  aaaaidaraHaa  tharaaf . 
pay  aatd  yaarly  rant  ••  fbliswa ;  {tuiti^  fjtpm^t 
tit  I 

Thai  aald  C.  D,  ahall,  duitng  aald  tarm,  baar 

.)  af  tha  tapanaa 
aald  pramiaaa. 
lha  cammaa  aawar  ar  dram  Iharaflam  unto  tha 
atraat  adjacaat,  and  baap  a«id  iitamlaaa  and  fur- 
nilura la  goad  aandltian,  and  aa  daHvar  tha  aama 
at  lha  aipiratlan  ar  aaonar  datarmlnation  af  aaid 
tarm  i  laaaonabla  waar  and  laar  nnly  caeapiad) 

That  aaid  C.  D.  ahall  not,  during  aaid  tarm,  or 

...  ij 

'•" 
movad  Iharafrom  (aacapi  fm  r«p>in) 
Tbat  aaid  C.  D,  ahall  not  lot  ar  undarlaaaa  aald 

Siamtaaa  la  any  parao"  or  aaraona  whalaoavar, 
Ufing  aald  tarm,withaw«  tia  conaoni  af  aaid  A. 
B,  having  Arat  baan  ablatnad,  In  writing. 

That  aaid  pramlaaa  ahall  not  ba  uaad  during 
•aid  tarm  to  aarry  an  tha  trada  ar  buainaaa  af  aoap 
mahar,  butchar,  ata. ,  nor  fer  tha  aala  of  iatoaiaat 
Ing  liauora,  ate.,  or  any  al  tham,  or  aay  nolaama 
or  ollanaiva  trada  or  buainaaa  whalaoavar,  ia, 
up^»n,  or  about  tha  aama. 

That  on  tha  nan-paymani  of  any  of  aaid  ranta, 
or  tha  non-porfbrmanca  ^  vtolaUon  of  any  cova- 
nant  ar  proviaiaa  harala  aontaiaad ,  aa  id  A.  B.  may, 

upon daya'  natlaa,  ra^ntar  and  poaaaaa  him 

aalf  of  a  id  pramtaaa,  aM  firam  tha  gwda  ari>i 
allbcta  a(  aatd  C.  D.  tliarain  mav  rataiburaa  b>  • 
aalf  by  aaacvtian  or  ordar  of  aala  of  all  aoola  ii.d 
aapanaaaof  wkairnavar  kind,  cauaad  by  vtrtiaa  of 
auch  ra-«atry,  tha  amount  of  which  may  ba  la- 
cittdad  ia  any  Judgmaot  far  [•tanaaaiaa  at  uM 
pramiaaa,  or  otharwtaa. 

That  aiiM  C  D.  ahall  hava  gulat  aajoymant  af 
aald  pramiaaa,  durinc  ooid  tarm,  upon  paymant, 
aa  aforaaai4,  of  aaid  yaarljr  rant,  and  thn  abaana- 
aaaa  and  parfarmanca  af  tba  agraamanM  •■< 
covaaanta  harain  coMolnad. 

In  wltaaaa,  ate. 

c— ♦»«>— itMgritf 

H*m»ikt*p*r  mud  f-^ftr- 
Sea  Lamsiard  aud  Tbham  • .  LaAaa,  peat. 

Thia  agraamant.  ate.,  witnaaaalh  i 

That  aald  i.  B.  baa  lot  la  aaid  C,  D.  tha  antira 
Srat  floor  and  ana  room  In  tha  attic  oiory.  with 
tba  uaa  of  Uia  offica*,  aad  af  tha  yard  far  drylnc 
llnb.i,  beating  carpata  or  clotbw,  of  tha  dwalUnc. 

bouaa  No.  —    ,  on atraat,  in  ibo  city  of , 

for  a  tarm  of ,  from  dau  horaof,  al  a  yaarte 

rant  of dollara,  payabia  OMBkhly  (ia  advaaeat 

to  aald  A.  B. 


i 


m  •(  Ml4  ^(aiiMM  M 


hM  r*|wwMnMli**«,  It 

m  MM  !••••  •«  iha  •■ 
•t  li'     (•■««•«  •( 
H  Hi  MMh 


**iMmtm 


i*Ma,  aM  iitiMMfM 
kaf  iM  a«4  4tvMa4  a» 
tgraaaiaM. 


Ika  taaatdaraikMi  bw#> 

nr  bafaca  iKa  - —  <lay 

••   uKM  ••14  C.  D  IM 

ttuala  In  *n4  4a- 

't  I.  laf  alhaf ,  alaa.  wltk 
lh«  AM«t«ura  kabtnf  laf 
Ml,  4aMHka4,aa4  ««a» 
llaraaaM  •••aaa4  an4 
r  ■  larw  af  — ,  at  «h« 
«,  (laar  froni  all  *•«•• 
'kAMvat  t«*c*1K  ih*  Un<l 


lawa 


tiiaraaf. 


4urkn(  aaUl  larm,  ba«r 
<  l<.i  — )  af  tlia  ai^oaa 
in  rafair  aaUl  pvamiaaa. 
•in  iliar«llra«n  unia  Uia 
•«i(l  |ii«nilaaa  8*4  fur< 
and  •<>  daUvat  tha  aama 
r  4ai«rmlnauan  af  aal4 
Mr  nnlv  ««oapl«d) 
it,4urln«  aai4  tatwjtr 
inniaaa,  |>arinit  ar  awMr 
'a  or  llatiiraa  la  ba  r«- 
loi  nip-lni) 

>«  la«  ar  tiMarlaata  aal4 
tr  Mraona  whaMaavar, 
r  ifta  canaant  of  asM  k. 
n«4,  in  wrilldg. 
Ill  nat  ba  «mm4  4Hrifl« 
ra4a  ar  b«aii>a«a  af  a»«p 
For  tba  aala  •>(  lalaaiaat 
t  lliani,  or  a  ay  naMoma 
lalnaaa  wbaiaaavar,  la, 

nt  of  any  •t  aaM  ranta, 
>r  viatetMn  of  aoy  oova- 
>nlataa4,«*t<l  A.  B.  mayi 
Wm 
and 
hi  .. 
of  aafa  ttt  all  aaala  -.  ud 
iii4i  Cb«aa4  ky  vhrtiaa  of 
II  of  which  may  ba  !•■ 
for  taawaaalaa  of  a«l4 

iva  4ulot  antoymant  af 
M  tarm,  vyaa  payaiaat, 
Ivraat,  aoii  ihnobaar«>> 
if  tha  agraamaata  aatf 
■d. 

■MAH I ,  LaAaa,  pott. 
'Itnaaaalh  ! 

ta  aah)  C.  D.  tha  antira 

In  tha  attlf  atary.  with 

af  tha  y«r4  for  arylac 

ilatbaa,  of  tha  dwalUaC' 

raat,ia  tha  cltyaf , 

IkU  baroer,  at  a  ytarljr 
ila  HMntkly  (ia  advaaoal 


-aniar  and  |H>aaaaa  h 
r4  Aram  tha  j  mm  i 
liii  may  ralmfataa  h 


ODftTRACTI. 


I 

i 


mt 


That  at  tha  and  •(  m»U  tarm.  ar  npttn  4afbitH 
-'  *•»  »•»>•»•«•,  *at4  C  D  th^ll  4al|v»i  v^  %m  aaiJ 
«  R  *f  hi*  Uf.!  xi^iaaanlatK-*.  an  .i|ua««,  Ika 
44l«l  •••4  >«a.«abl*  pu««aaaiu«  -.f  miiI  |»«mU** 
•nd  l«av<  Ibann  i«  •«  f  4«4  lorxluiaa  a*  wh^n  h« 
iMk  |MMMaal4i..  ih«i«ar.  ,a.a«i««Ma  w»ar  i..  4, 
tiriMtl..n  fr.B.  Kra  .«    n«.|i«li|a  „<,i4,bI)  •<«aa4a4 

la  WHaaaa  wb«i»4f,  «|K.  jk   ■ 

f-IMtMMt     I.MlpllIc*. 

MniMAw^r  .Mh^  /*4», 
Thla  aarMmtni.  •«  ,  wi««aaaalb  ; 
That  aaM  A    II  ,  in  ca»«i4»a«i»n  af  iba  ranta 

KarataaAar  ni.nil>tna4.  ha<  l«(  hit  •  t«,m  af  

hum  4a««  H«r«<>r.  •.»  C    D  ,  iwn  xKama  up  •.  n»  oalr 

•'•<••»•.  ••!  '•••  "•»«»  P«'t  af  »•»•  4wallli„t  bi-taa 

>.  ^M  A   a    •Iluau4  './>». ««^/r»NM.,,  i^aaihtr 

»  «h«  iMfiiiiuxai  Bfaaani  •«ar.4lna  Ihartta.la 

'*'•*■  **^  i.  "■•'"  •"••••4«»a«lon  iharaaf,  ahall 

t*S   »     i  *.  a.  iha  jraady  rani  af  —  dollar*,  |« 

'«>  1M«(     4«wt«rly.  (•  wli,  on   iha  Aral  4aya  af 

i#*»r.l      htf».Uh,  and  Ociabar  '^ 

>»•,»,     ti^  C.  l>.,  at  Ih.  .nd  of  aal4  larm,  ar  In 

kMf  '^tJ*l*Jft%U'  |*a}"n«ni,  ahall,  al  ifca  r«- 
'•  ','  ••;:••'?*  ■••  '"""••'"•'•(y  »(al4  and  dallvar 
iif  4a  bim  Iha  ^aaaab««  and  uuiat  aoaaaaaian  of 
th..aldra«m  io«."  ,,  *iih  ilia  wh,i<a  furnll.  . 
-M«h  ba  -n  Ma  ««,.  „i,  .,.,  ibaraan  and  at  .u 
iimaa  iS^fartar.  of  ..id  a  ll..tb.r«  found  and 
poMaaa  M  tav*  and  aumi  i,ni  contCti^n  aii.l  ordar 
'•••anabia  «••,  .nd  laar  only  rteaplad. 

la  wllnaaa,  au.  '  •^ 


ttmmnfwffvt  ami  Htilttr. 

Thia  acra^manl.  .•;  ,  wHn**««lh  i 
That  MII4  A.  H,  •lal)  lat.  an4  ^814  C.  D.  ahall 
..    '.  J  ™'"**'1"S  rooma  In  iha  dwalllna -hauaa, 

X"     '*"'«*"v  /«-/'«...  to  wit  (d!.;,^./,,; 

K-TJJI   ••y    '••,?\  •*••"    •*•  P'aP«'ly  Ila h tad. 
hilTowa  •"'••"•^  *•'»'>  »«'»  ••>•'  eol4  watar,  aa 

'^-ilf-IT"  r^*-  ~-  »>««»»•'•.  "paWa  of  ai.,». 
pMnf  -  -  faat  par  hour.  ' 

of  aapplylBgl^am      -  lo  dagraaa  ofHh.at 

at  Blaaatira  and  continuoualy.      ""'"'"      •» 
Walar.  waahai.nd  (»r  b.ih).  ate.  In  abao- 
dooaa  in  all  aaaaona,  hot  walar  from  —.  a.  m 
to  — —  p.  m. 
Rl«.,  Ihrouahaol  tha  anttra  aulM. 

.oISiVaTil^Jwj?;.;""  """•  •'"'  ««•-'  -" 

w^"JL?l'lA-iiJ'*""  'H"'??  •"•'  !*•»«•  aU 
wlnaawa  and  haU-4aara  of  aald  i  ^ma  with 

-  .!5ili.'*.i'-  1''.?''  7">^**  all  do*n,  win. 
.  wa.  and  bliida  with  aafa  and  aubaunuaf  taaha 

' ^^'  *^»*;^  ••'•"  '"'"'•h  ..Id  roomi  aa  fellovt : 

That  aald  A.  ■.  ahaU  prnvuda  a  privata  ball  at 
«ha  main  antranaa  of  aald  bulMI  " 

furnlah  faeilltlaa  far  tha  anarar 


Vhm*   lamU    A       «■      — k  —  aa  *.    _  ..    .. 


That  Mid  A.  B.  ahali' at  ail  tim.a  haap  tha  haita 
•  ndDMUy  fbrolahad.and  fraa  from  ail  dUrt  an) 
ail  and  m>ntrf  Impura  or  oflbaaiva  amall.  a<id  at  all 

wIiLVZ^:!^  ftL.*''*"  •»  •" .t«mM  heap  tha  front 
walha,tuttara,(ltnc<a,rard,lawn,ralHnn,ahrub. 
whSl.Smr*''^'  '''^^  awailln.  .Hin  Vnd 

?.ft.^!T  'ui  »'«'»«»«»««Mma  aacumulatkn  of 
r.fuM.or  rubidah.  garbaca,  or  daMytne  mattar 

M-.7"**'  "*  '"  •"y  ■nanaar  auRbr  or  parmit  an* 
10  SiSSSTLS  dr^r*  ST  unwholaJSS"ilo™ 

•„??}■?'*  ^  ■•  ••'•"  *aUirar  ar  eaoM  to  ba  da. 
•varad  at  aald  rwima  all  and  avary  Mirdrma^Si 


5  "Iff*''  !>•/•'•'•  lO'lMd.  ar  athar  ihloa  Ml 
;^  ha  i44r«a  ./  mm  t  B^ar  any  m.ml«,~f  htf 
h„w«.b.ld.   (M..>«     XMiara.    .r  aarv.ni..   fvnb. 

r-V--!2    *"j"""  •''"•I'.a"^  wlih.ui  dtatufkiaa, 
••«»•  'h/ough    «f  mol.«i|n«  lb.  .am. 

Thai  for  .1,,  *lat.ti.,n  a,  m.i.rial  amlatlan  In 
prav  dli.«  .  .hina.  h.«.ln  m^,»,*  by  Mid  A  ■., 
o«  Ihia  ac>.«n»«ni,  ..id  A  B  •h.li.  upan  n«il«.  |n 
<»<)••■■.  mak.  coxiplai.  ,.,  ,  -iian.and  In  addU 
liao  pay  tald  (     I>   doubl.     n,  .maxnl  of  Inlury 

lb.r«aflar  b*  » .V,».nad  aui  af  ika  rania  bar.tnaft.r 

mt^^TLl"^'  *,'.  '■"^''•'•'•r  a*ar  Iha  amaunt 
eimlll..!  than  .  ...l  l  S  and  C  O  ma' .a.h  af 
th.m,.boaaa««.  di.««i.f..).d  p«f.on.  who  may 
Ml.€l  .  Ihird,  tha  d«l.lan  nf  which,  or  any  iwa 

"  Thl'/*  /  IV  Vi**  ?•'.•••  *■•  ••iolint  and  Anal. 
Tbai  ,f  ..Id  A  ■  .hall  fan  „  d...l«nau  auah 
^raon.  ih.n  th.  an.  aalacud  by  aald  A  i  ahall 
••••-I  anulh.r  in  |h«  .am.  mann.r  and  with  llha 
•ff.ctaaaald  A  B  .hai.!4  hvv.  dona,  and  ibara- 
afi.r  p.0«aa4  In  llha  ma»na  .  nd  wliji  liba  alfcat 

^I^*\:*1*S  P  •"••!  '"  •'■"'  ^•'•"••"  Iharaar 

par  aald  A   B.  tha  yaar ly  rani  af daflara.  pay. 

al,'.  _....  nihly,,,  ,u.ft.,ly,  In  aaU-aaaa.  ar  MA/rwM) 
aa  loliuw.,  ale.  ' 

In  wllnaaa,  ate. 

«'«««rM«~aanMfh««ap«Pa  mmi  A«aa(a, 

MHwttm  ttann/ktHmr  mm^'^m  Agnt,  »r*ktr,  /ktlt^^ 
»r  L*mmi„U»  H,nki,nt. 
Thia  arroamani,  ala.,  wliuaaaoth  : 
That  aald  A   M.  Ir  (onaldarailan  af  tha  tava- 

br..*i/rr;*a?.'"*"l*  »•'•'"•""  •»«««d  lata 
b» aald  C.  D.  *  Co  .ahall  act  aa  aaani  ar  fbator, 

fk-  '-lir.'!'''  CO*  Co  ,  and  ih^Tr  aurvlyoA, '« 

Iha  aalll,,<,  vandina.  at*.,  at  —  ,  In IW  iha 

larm  «f         y.ara  from  tha  data  haraaf.  aa  hara- 

loanar  providtd.  ""  ""^ 

C'lniivcrimi  IhiiiMna. 

I- Ttf'  I*"  *  ■  '*l*"  """'"X  *P«I«  •«•«  P"wr»a. 
In  Ih.  .hop  „,  ar.t.houm  f.ir  lit.  1/01.  iMlng  niu.l.  mi 
or  for  Ih.  ^rp.!..  of  Mid  .(.ncy  h,,.,,,,,.,  .11  „„|, 
t'">^*,  ».».«.  and  m.rch«mtl..  u  m.y  b>  ■<iit  gr  nan., 
mlnwl  to  Mm  bx  Mid  C    l>   Ato 

»  'ii"'J"i,"'*";'f'"F  •"*■  '^""'•'"•llnf  »«ld  apiwy  Mid 
A  I',  than  uM  h!,  (mmi  .nU««yon  .mi  tkill  la  pnxura 
th.  fvatMi  puatlU.  mI.  of  (,M/r  >4,  im,i  4/g-j", 
.nd  .M  .„h.r  (ood.  «hlch  h.  .h.ll  b,  .nn,l<.,..rir.,|| 
a.  »u^b  .«.ni  or  faeior  .ic.  «iih«r  fcr  randy  m.,o«y.  or 
to  janow  of  r».pon.lbllliy  .ml  .iibiUniUI  crmlli 

That  In  t ming  upon  cr«lli  «.l,l  A  H  ahall  b.  clrtnm. 
•pret  and  c.iitlnua,  and  aiaiia  .lua  Innulriaa  fr.im  rall.bia 
.nd  rMMciabl.  Mraona,  whaiharauch  panuna  apDlylna 
for  tr«lll  ar.  .oU.ni  and  Al  in  U  Irvaiail  •"•">""• 

rh.1  aald  A.  H  ahall  not  giva  cradii  1,,  an.  p,raon  or 
m  on.  for  a  araatar  hnath  of  itnia  than  -— -Vwlihoul 
VrliiiT""  "'  "'**  ^  °  *  ^^  • "  "^'  •»'»••"".  "a 
Thai  Hid  A.  B.  ahall  not,  wlihont  llhaconaanl  mU 
to  aay  fnom  on  cradll  to  a  graai.r  amounTXi  --. 
dullara. 

That  mid  A.  B  ahall.  In  condiicilni  lald  aaracv 
cooform  to  and  govam  hlaualf  by  aurh  Srd.n.  i7aira^.' 
liona,  and  diractlona  aa  ha  may  fraai  lima  to  tlnM  ra. 
ealva  Arom  tha  uld  C.  D.  *  Co        •"""•"  «'"«  »»• 

That  Mid  A.  B  In  ail  caam  whar.  h.  th.ll  rM:.lva  no 


pkKlal. order,  «,  dlr^ctl'^  .h.u'wl  In  UllJh  MnnVr  m 
Ml  to  Iha  advanlafa  of  .aid  C.  U.  & 


ha  ahall  Ju(%«  noM 

Co..a.o.  '  - 

Thai  uld  A.  B.  .hall  flvm  ilma  10  lima  aceaiinl  Aii 

•nd  tranaailt  to  .aid  C.  1).  *  Co.  aU  mooavrhJl U  .»d 

McuriUm  for  .oaay  maalvad  ftSm  tSTUU  if  m"d 

.kImI  «''!.*  ■•  •'•"  ""^  '»"''•  «'a«co.int  In  which 
•II  aooda  raoalvad  from  aald  C.  D  A  Co.  -A  rU  aooih 
wl^'rf  Jl^T-  "^  •*«»'.rforca.h  or  cradii.  antTlUa. 

r.m  Jl3".;;lz;'s:[i::i'~'  """•• " '"  •"»•»-  «»•• 

ThaimW  A.  B,  .hall  carafuUy  prrnr*.  all  uld  book. 


U 


'£ 

M' 


■J  I  A 


•s» 


CONTRACTS. 


mmt  ihiitl  d*llv«r  uiui  g<*«  np  Mid  booki,  ttc,  un- 
Injurad.  undffMcd,  and  iinoUlMnlwi  to  uid  C.  D. 
»Cr. 

lh*i  uid  A,  B.  th*ll  fipom  limt  lo  time  on  ih*  Ant 
day  of  each  and  every  month,  und  and  Iranninii  lo 
(aid  C.  D.  ft  Co.  a  Aill,  clear,  and  eorrei^t  •uieincnt  in 
writing  of  all  order*  both  talien  and  eaccuted,  of  all 
goodi  received,  of  all  cood*  eold,  to  whom  and  whether 
tor  caah  or  credit,  and  IlKawtM  of  all  other  mallen,  tram- 
acliont,  and  thingi  at  In  anvwine  concern  eald  agency 
bmineH,  and  which  thall  nave  tranapired  during  the 
preceding  month. 

That  uid  A.  B.  ahalliOn  the day  of  each  and 

every  year  (unleu  «itt;er  of  uid  dayt  anall  be  Sunday, 
and  in  that  caae  on  the  day  following)  uka  stock,  malia 
•D  inventory  of  all  atock,  etc.,  on  hand,  and  accurately 
•mt  up  all  bookt  of  account,  ao  that  tha  aiate  and 
condition  of  Mid  agency  butlneaa  ihall  clearly  appear 
therefrom. 

That  uid  A.  B.  thall,  out  of  the  commltalon  (taiary, 
»r  wage*)  hereinafter  agreed  lo  be  paid  him,  And  and 
provide  a  dcrk  who  write*  a  good  hand,  and  under- 
itand*  accountt  and  hook-hreping,  for  the  purpoM  of 
cun*--<.nily  attitting  him  In  the  management  of  Mid 
agency  bu*in««a. 

1'hat  u(d  A.  B.  thall,  out  of  uid  commlsalon  (Mlary, 
«r,waget)  aforcMid,  And  and  provide  a  porter  for  the 
piirpoac  of  anltling  him  In  Mid  butinoa. 

That  uid  C.  D.  &  Co.,  or  any  of  them,  thall  at  all 
tcaionable  hour*  of  the  daytime  have  triM  aeceat  lo  Mid 
bookt  of  account,  and  to  ail  other  booka,  papert,  ilocu- 
meiiti,  and  writing*  in  anywlM  concerning  uid  agency 
btnineit,  and  to  lake  copfea  and  extract*  Irom  the  tana 
or  any  of  them. 

Dcwrmiiiatlvn  of  Agtncy,  tte. 

1'hat  in  caae  Mid  A.  B.  thall  at  any  lime  before  the 
expiration  of  taid  term  of—  yeara  be  detirou*  of  giv- 
ing lip  tatd  agency  butinetr,  he  thnll  give  *ix  montha' 
freviout  notice  In  writing  of  tuch  intention  to  Mid  C. 
>.  ft  Co.,  or  their  !iurviv.>r*,  to  be  leli  at  their  («r  hie) 
atual  placet  of  abode. 

That  ill  caae  uid  C.  B.  &  Co.  thall  at  any  lime  before 
the  expiralion  of  taid  term  of —yean,  be  deiirout  of 
withdrawiiw  Mid  ageiw;y  btnineaa  Irom  taid  A.  B..  they 
thall  ^vc  tix  montna'prtviiNN  notice  in  writing  of  tucn 
intention  to  Mid  A.  TC,  lo  be  left  at  hit  uaiul  placa  of 
abode  (ihop  «r  warriiotMeli. 

That  at  tne  exptraiJon  of  uid  tlx  montha  uid  aflMicy 
bmiiiett  thall  be  dttermined  and  ditaolvad.  and  final 
•ettlement  and  tram ier  of  all  remaining  gomb,  moneya, 
iecuritlet,  etc.,  laaiie. 

Bapenam,  ate. 

llial  all  expemet  relating  to  the  cooductlng  of  taid 
bmiiieu,  cott  of  'airriage,  gan,  itore,  and  water  renta, 
aprinklliig  tirecis,  etc.,  thall  be  borne  h  foUowt,  via. 
Loaaaa. 

That  Mid  A.  B.  thall  not  b«  antwarablc  for  any  lou 
or  damage  which  may  happen  any  good*  or  laarchan- 
di*e  tent  to  him  during  lit  traiuit  and  before  it  tiiall 
come  to  hit  care  and  cuttodv,  nor  for  any  lou  or  dam- 
age which  may  happen  to  tne  taiqe  which  hat  actually 
(:onie  into  hit  hands  and  cuttedy,  and  which  shall  be 
sent  by  uii)  A.  B.  t<t  any  customer  by  any  of  the  usual 
means  of  ticlivery  pr  otnerwiw,  unleu  uid  A.  B.  attall 
have  ncgleacd  to  enter  In  the  proper  book  qf  thf  offce 
the  compaiy  or  carrier,  and  lecaivc  hi*  receipt  upon  the 
delivery  of  tuch  goodt  or  merchandlie,  and  the  remedy 
agaim*.  iht  proper  party  Is  thereby  made  to  uacerttia 
that  the  lots  cannot  be  remedied. 

I'hat  for  any  other  lota  or  daniate  which  may  happen 
to  any  go<4t  or  merchandlte  committed  to  hit  chaise  or 
care,  unlet*  such  loss  or  damage  be  the  result  oC or  nap- 
pans  thrajvih  his  wilful  negligence  or  oaoiuioa. 
Otb«»  Aganta  «r  FacMra.  tte. 

That  Mid  C.  D.  ft  Co,,  or  tMr  aurviVon,  akaU  not 
employ  any  other  person  or  persons  as  an  agaat  or 
factor,  en:.,  during  aitch  liiM  aa  taid  abalract  as 

agem  or  f  iclor,  ate,,  aforetaid. 

Othar  Bnalnaia 

That  tiiid  A.  B.  shaH  devote  his  whole  time  and 
atierition  to  uid  agency,  and  shall  not  «ng*fe  in  the 
bininets  of  — ,  or  in  any  other  butinew  whatsoever; 
cittier  on  hit  own  aooount  or  aa  an  aamt  or  fitdnr,  etc., 
arid  aitlia' alone  or  in  M/partaenhip  With  anyptnoaor 
pcrtoM  wlKNaaoaver. 

Vteeaiif  Bdidfiaaa. 

Tnat  aiiM  A.  B.  ihaH  eatryiiB  and  condaet  aaid 


agency  bualiieu  at  ihe  (thop,  *r)  warahotiM  of  »ald  (; 
0.  ft  Co.,  m  '■^>-,  in  — ,  or  in  such  other  (thop,  c 
warehoiiM,  in  —  aforeaaid,  a*  they,  or  their  aurvivon 
may  ap',Mi'it  or  direct  for  that  purpoH. 
I  fialary,  Commiaaion,  or  Wagaa. 

That  isid  C  D.  ft  Co.,  in  coiuideralioa  of  the  Inw 
and  faith'ui  performance  of  ihe  agreemenla  and  cove- 
nant* entered  into  by  uid  A.  B.,  *hall(yurly) pay,  or 
causa  to  be  paid,  unto  uid  A,  U  ,  the  following  aalary 
or  wager,  («r  commi**ion),  vit. :  Ut»/ui£  wafu,ialary, 
ar  fmniUtitn,  at  llu  cat*  m^y  M). 
Stationary,  etc. 

That  taid  C.  D.  ft  Co.  akail  pay  uid  A.  B.,  once 
every  •— ,  all  tuch  turn  and  *um*  of  money  m  he  may 
have  rieceaurily  paid, laid  out,  and  expended  for  and  un 
account  of  alaliontry,  paper,  book*,  copy  bookt,  flict, 
letter  press,  postage,  etc.,  etc.,  made  um  of  in  the  Mid 
agency  buaincM. 

In  witnaaa,  ate. 

Vmm  »?»>)<— llMta  Atcta  rlan. 

Yhia  •graemtnt,  ate,  witneaaath : 

That  aaid  A.  B.  ahall.  at  hia  own  axpanaa.  man- 
ufaetura  (itatf  tuk»t\,  of  the  sama  quality  mf  mate- 
rial and  workmananip,  and  In  all  othar  raapacta 
according  to  {mamr  Ihe  jkUtrm  armd uft»  telnet » 
taid  petrtut)  tha  daacription  and  daaign  haraunto 
annamd. 

That  aaid  A.  B.  ahall  dallvtr  tha  aama  to  aaid 

C  D.  nt .on  the — day  of — (#r  ^  months, 

or  weclu  herefrom). 

That  aaid  C.  D.,  in  cenatderatlon  thereof,  ahall 

pay  aaid  A.  B.,  at  tha  rate  of doUara  per 

(after—  from  the  delivery  thereof). 

That  all  ——  not  manutectured  agreeahly  to 
said  (pattern,  «■]  daeeriptien  and  deaign  ahall  b* 
rejected  by  aaid  C.  D.,  and  taken  back  by  eUd  A. 
B.,  who  aMH  mannfactura  a  like  qtiantity  agree- 


ably to  the  proviaiona  of  thia  agreement.' 
In  witneaa  whereof,  etc. 

CmilMMl^liAHHnMtarlaB. 

BmmU. 

Thle  agreement,  etc..  witneaaeth ; 

That  aaid  A.  B.,  for  the  conaideratlon  herelnaf- 
ler  mentioned,  shall  make,  or  cauae  to  he  made, 
ier  aaid  C.  D.,  at  the  cooper  ehop  of  aaid  C.  D., 
(n  the  town  of— — ,  two  thouaand  good,  hard, 
wall-eaaeonsd  (lour  barrels,  the  atavee  and  head- 
ing to  be  of  white  oak  timber,  and  the  hoov*  ^f 
blacl  aah,  either  round  or  aquare,  aa  the  aud  C. 
D.  el:  all  direct. 

Thnt  the  materiale  therefor*  are  to  be  fUmiabed 
by  aaid  A.  B.,  at  hie  own  ce..^  .tnd  eharge. 

That  aaid  A.  B.  ahall  have  the  free  and  uninter- 
rupted uaa  of  the  tools  in  said  ahop,  without  pay- 
ing anything  for  the  eame. 

That  In  ceneiderHtton  thereof,  aaid  &  D.  ahall 
pay  said  A.  B.  the  aum  of  twentjMlve  centa  each 
for  eaid  two  thoueand  barrela,  aa  followa : 

That  «v*on  the  completien  of  eaeh  one  hundred 
barrele,  Mid  A.  B.  ehaill  receive  the  eum  of  t%ven^- 
flvedoUaiia. 

Id  witneaa  whereof,  et«. 

CoaetnMt— ■•MMlteMiiriaB'. 

Boete. 

Thie  agreement,  etc ,  witneaaeth : 

That  A.  ti.  shall  within  (<«ite  enUf  <tew)  from 
■the  date  hereof,  make  and  deliver  to  said  C.  D, 
ten  thouaand  pair  of  beote.  from  —  calfakiitiof 
the  — -  qualt^,  and  of  the  foUowing  alaea :  (ktre 
givrlkteku). 

That  in  conaideratlon  therefor,  eaid  C.  D.  ahall 
pay  to  aaid  A.  B.  —  doUcra  for  each  pair.«f 
bo«ta,  upea  the  completion  aikd  dalivery  of  said 
ten  thousand  paire.if  the  eaaa  ahall  be  oaltTared 
witMn  the  time  aforesaid. 

la  uritoeaa  whereof,  etc 

Brkkt. 

Thie  agreement,  etc.,  witneeeeth : 

That  aaid  A.  B.,  for  Ute  conaideratlon  boralBaf- 
ter  mentioned,  ahall,  within  ai>  mentho  from  the 
date  hereof,  aiid  with  goad  and  euMcieat  mate- 
flalB,  BMhet  or  cause  to  be  made,  and  deliver  at 
— — ,  la——.  — —  thousaad  hard,  weH-buraed,  and 
eubatactlal  and  meicbantable  btlcke  (byaoiua 
count),  of  ttia  grada  aammoaly  kaowa  aa  -^ 


p,  «r)  wirdiouM  of  said  C 
or  In  «ich  Mhar  (ihop,  at 
I.Mlhey.or  Uidr  (unrivon 
im  iHirpoM. 
ision,  or  WagM. 
in  cuniidtralion  of  th*  tnw 
f  th«  agrMmantt  mhI  covt- 
A.  B.,  •hall(yurly)  pay,  or 
I  A.  B  ,  th«  fullowini  lalary 
rit. ;  (ilmtimf  waft,flary, 

try,  Mc. 

tull  pay  tald  A.  B.,  once 
il  lumt  or  moBty  m  h*  may 
ul,  and  cxp«Mi«)  for  and  un 
ir,  booki,  copy  tMokt,  Alc«, 
ic,  mada  uta  of  la  Um  taid 


ivltnaaaath : 

It  hiB  own  axpana*,  man- 
ha  sama  quality  ttf  matt- 
ind  In  all  othar  raapacta 
tilfm  arrttd  u/»it  ttl^ttn 
Ion  and  daalgn  hanunto 

allvar  tha  aama  to  aaid 
lay  of — (#r  —.  monthi, 

Mldaratlen  tharaof,  aiiall 
ta  of —  doUara  par  — 
r  ihareof ). 

(tttacturad  afraaably  to 
lion  and  daaikn  ahall  ba 
nd  ukan  back  by  aUd  A. 
>ra  a  Uka  quantity  agraa* 
thia  agraamont. 
c. 

mmtumtmwimt. 
r*b. 

nritnaaaath : 

I  coMidaration  jiaraltiaf* 
ka,  or  cauaa  to  ba  mada, 
epar  abop  of  aaid  C.  D., 

0  tbouaand  good,  bard, 
■la,  tha  atavao  and  haad- 
mbar,  and  tha  hoopa  of 
or  aquara,  aa  tha  aaid  C. 

rafor~«  tra  to  bo  ftiraiahad 

1  co^*  ind  eharga. 

ava  tha  firao  and  unlntar- 
I  aaid  ahop,  without  pay- 
la. 

tharaof,  aaid  C.  D.  ahall 
if  twantjr-Ava  canta  aach 
irrala,  aa  foilowa : 
tion  of  aach  ona  hundrad 
waiva  tha  aum  of  twanty 


til. 

vitnaaaath : 

iln  Ulati  mk»t  Mmr)  flwffl 

■d  dalivar  «o  aaid  C.  D. 

kU.  from  —  calfakidlof 

b<  following  aisaa:  (li*rt 

tharafor,  aaid  C.  Q.  ahall 
loUcra  for  aach  pair-vf 
Ion  and  dalivory  of  aaid 
I  aama  ab«U  ba  oaltTaNd 
df 
c 

mmtmttmwtmm* 

til. 

vltnaaaath: 

•  conaidaratien  hMralBaf- 
thin  als  montha  lk«BR  tha 
od  and  auffdaat  mata> 
ba  mada,  and  daHvar  at 
I  luMtd,  waU-^umad,  and 
MtaUa  brisln  (byaetwi 
mmoBly  umtmu  m  -^ 


COhTTRACTS. 


...1^21^'i'i'ivJ.*''*.'''',?"  '!!«'"»t«»»«n  •^•»»<  "vary 
tffu  k.  ■•  •"'\»*'»  •"«•  »n«-h«lf  Inchaa 

rHljilnli  ^-  ?■  ••'■L''  •*  ••••  '^n  "•«•  •»»<« 
chargaa,  dalivar  in  auch  pareala  and  quantitiaa. 
from  tima  to  tima.  at  tha  Kouaa  of  aaid  CD.  ("r 

H.X.^Ji''/'  -IT'W)  In .  aa  tha  aama  ahall  1^ 

hr.Tu'lldiVMh'aVar'"'*  "*•""••  '"  ""''"«  °" 
•.X**tViS'/f  ■  B •' '"  «»n»"«7««on  tharaof.  ahall 
Wdtitk^'.S;.5r.''rd7..t',rara7a'ro°r:^^^^^ 

\n  witnaaa,  ate. 

VvntarMi-MiintiAMtariac. 

J^tttmtn/ Artkifi. 

That  aaid  A.  B.  la  tha  (invenior  and)  proprietor 
af  an  invaation  for  U/,,/,  «4/f/),  and  Droprlttor  of 
'V?"  P."*'=.J  ••""'■''  «harafor  by  tha  OniUd  lUtM 
arAmarica,boaii      data  tha -1- day  of— -. 

,Jil!iJ!S^2i  a'^L  «"•  «««>»W«r«tton  haralnaf- 

.!'^"-?  •"*  ^-  **••  ^•"•«n«  •"  tha  raaldua  of  tha 
**'"*,'*'— -y»»nytt  unaxpirad  (tog«ih«r with  aU 
.uch  future  tatn»  a«  may  hereafier  be  granltd,  by  virlu« 
of  any  new  patem  or  renewal  of  Hard  pataniU  ihli 
ogreenMnt  iolj,  .r  oiherwlaa),  fkill  authority  and 

■tralAt,  to  maka,  prcduca.  maiiufactura,  barter. 
"Iluf  "f  w*"2}'.?''  »?•  ••""••  »>y  wholeaale  or  retail 
within  the  (bllowing  territorial  limita,  to  wit  (X 

,.IA?.l!ft'i^  ?•  ••""  "•**•■»  ■ny  timaduring  tha 
reaidueofaaid  term,  or  any  auch  future  tarm.glveT 

liberty  whataoaver  to  any  othar  peraon,  to  make. 

'^t...•^i.■'""f••  •"  ""y  •n««M»«r  whataoeve^ 
within  the  territory afbriaaid, without  thaWi 
lent  of  aaid  C  D.,  in  writing. 

That  to  caa«  any  peraon  ahall  inffrlnga  aaid  lot* 
tare  patent,  or  la  any  manner  violata  any  right 
thereunder,  with  a  aaid  limita  (actually  or™o". 
«ruejWriy)  the  eald  C.  D.  ahall,  for  hla  own  me 
and  beaeflt,  and  at  hto  own  coato  and  espenaaa! 

..i5-*Z*i*2^  Judgment.  And  for  thia  purpoaa 
aaid  A.  B.  hereby  conetltutea  aaid  C  D.  Kia  law- 

I?.'.'2''"*'''J"*''<»**"y'  '*»*••  '»•»  P«wer  of  aub. 
tUtution  and  rayocaUon,  hereby  raUiying  and 

to  thlpJSmtoiJ?'  ■•'*"'  *"  "•y"**'f»V3o 

That  Mdd  C.  q.,  in  conalderatien  thereof,  ahall 

pay  unto  aaid  A.  a  the  aum  of doliinUn 

pajrmenta  a*  Ibllows,  etc.  wiwr-,  id 

That  aaid  paymeata  ahaU  ba  avidahced  by  tha 


as* 


corraaponding  number  of  promiaaory  notM.  la 

Si«r  121l£ri«?S.  «2.>^«"S^«>'  ^^iS!^^ 

witB,  maturing  en  tha  raapectiva  daya  of  pay^ 
meat,  and  bearing  Intereat  at  the  rau  of —.  m* 
'•5t  P"  •P«»««>«t  Ko«  maturity  until  paid. 

on^rnJtr-  •**"  "'  •^■^  ^  •  ««rtf •€• 

teU  price  pf  aU  aaid ao  manufactured  blTI 

tereX.  and  aold.  aaid  per  ce^tTto  be^'SSd 

payable  OB  tha daya  of in  each  mar  at 

whioh  time  aaid  A.  &  Aairi«ader  aViS^t'^ 
^iMlee  and  tnnalkra  mmla  duriag  thT-l- »^ 

In  witnaaa,  etc. 

e»a(nMt-SuiHlit«««rfnv. 

Thia  agreement,  etc.,  witheaaath : 
teJ^LlJfci^  ^iiife'  »A«  eonelderatloii  haralMi:. 
termentioMd,  ahall,  M  hia  *wb  espenae.  make 
and  maiinllwtara.  a&d  deliver  at  — ?oBor  iSSra 

diek'  ahoM,  of  — -  lanthar.  of  — —  auaHtw  aiSS 
■eeordincti the ktimTlM  M4%attern Kk te! 

ThdtMddX.  O..  iB  CtttoaMeratleh  AereonahtU 
ray  arid  A.  K  attiM  MM  •f-.'^pW^^ZrllSyS 


ih;e7:r.*lo52'.?id""'  "^"  *•"  '""^''  •'  ""• 

,»I5'*  '?.'"y."I  •*'*•  ■•">••  •hnlt  not  be  made  in 

JhSn  bJ'ii:.:','.*.^'!"'  P^L'W"*  !«»  '"at  reae<^n 
IkI     "•  '•i««t«<'  by  "'d  C.  D.,  then  eald  A.  B. 

Si!!.''i."'*"lK  •J"'»  ^u'otity  to  aaid  6.  D.  in  coi 
formity  with  tha  pattern  aforaeaid. 
in  witneae,  etc. 

tI'L*.'*'!!"""*'  ""=•1  witneeeeth : 

of^  B    .itu«S"fn  •'**• ."'  '•••  "wclllng-houee 

oi  .•».  M,,  eituated  in ,  In  — — ,  there  are  two 

ancient  window  lighte.  '  "'  ^^^ 

.»  "Vl^'''  window  lighte  have  been  totally  ob- 
•tructed  bv  a  dwelling-houae  lately  erected  6vC 

mat  aaid  A.  B.,  for  a  cenaideration  of 

hereby  agreee  that  aaid  window  lighta  "hall  T!2 
may  r&rever  remain  obeuucud  aaaforeaald  hfriH 
by  releaaing  Mid  C.  D.  and  hla  legiU  repiroMuI 
rnVn-I^^Tn  :»,•"«»"•.«>•••"•.  coStrolSS?.,,  d!: 

In  wCm'  etc.*  '^'  •■  '"'"'*»  »•'•'•'»'• 

?fc..''n*fS"v**S:«  'K'tneeeeth ; 

That  aaid  A.  B.,  C.  D.,  H,  v..  and  a  H  ah.ii  .^ 

.^'•ii*!'""^""  »?«""•' iithi  Jed/if'";;^ 

ing,  wholeealing.  and  reulling  all  a&rta  of  «i>a^ 

rn'dT^jjiTorlr*'^  b.5s«ii«  S'tSi's^ 

d.T?of  rti^SSl!?*'??'''"  ••"tlnue  ifrom  the 

iniat  to  thia  end  and  purpoee  the  eald  A  B.  ha< 
eontributad^aa  atock  the  eum  of  "e  U^oum^ 
«o  lara ;  and  eald  C.  D.  the  aum  of  one  ihl^Sd 

•jnd  doltan:  and  the  aaid  O.  H.  the  aum  of  ona 
thouMiad  debara,  to  be  uaed,  invSted.  and  em! 

Tnai  aBM  partlea  ahall  net,  at  any  time  hereaf- 

SSior'J?^'-?!.::*?'^  •■"  s-tt'eJ  o^u. 

SrivSte'  *l^.*~*I'/"'*I'«  ■*^.?  *•"".  to  their 

That  aaid  partlea  ahall  diacharga^l  renttlnd 

•"llSt'^lT'iS^.'^.r:«'I3''.''^W''?S«''«- 
•i""*.  •••  PWBt,  (ala,  and  inereaae  that  ahall 

"^'^tiyj^f^  ^  MM  Joint  bwSnoeirahall  K 
ej|aaUy  divided  between  'them,  SSHnd  thJS 

,  That  all  leaaea  and  dacreaea  that  ahaii  Kan... 

a;!s;'.a;:?.'r„d^.js%:atk5r"  •*"•"''  '^'*-'' 

That  there  al«all  ba  kept,  durin*  aaid  tarm  m,>A 
Joint  buaineaa.  luat  •nd'teue  KokHf ^JSS 
wherein  each  cf  aaid  partnera  Sail  e^and  Im 

iBi!SM'lS?T.'2i"««'*»*»M  bJj.lS'bSSlht 

c%Wi:tf,!MSir«Hr'Vf2rd- 
ss?^-K:d2!-to':j!sr&H^  i;?r2S 

prefita  and  gatat  by  *•»  made,  and  of  all  loaaaa 
auataiaad;  and  aiw  of  all  rMelM^^hunT 
««ft»,and  •ffiwWnrt  X.3ivff^oS?K 

iM^vs?,ssno"5!Str&Vn»i?.''  *•"  •*•-' 

lT«t  ait  the  end  of  aaid  term^af  ten  yeara  f  if  laid 
{wmarriiip  ba  n«  sooner  deiliSlBadTln  wWch  JS 
Bte  a«M  partnara,  or  their  rarvlMnu  ■S^^i 

•jW^and  In  all  thlnga  waU  ami  mJ^lJJj'uit  aS 


That  upea 
(ooda,w«rM| 


CONTRACTS. 


gala,  and  iacr««M  thcraef  which  ramaln,  th« 
Mm*  ahall  b*  M|u«lly  divldad  b«twi«n  th«m,  oi 
Ihair  aufvlvora,  ahara  and  ahara  aliha. 

In  wltnau.atc 

[WUmmm.J 

C«atrN«t— P»rtM«mlil|»> 

GtntrmlFerm—V'ariau*  Ctauui, 

Sm  tllla  PARTNIRHHir,  p<MI. 

Thia  agraamant,  mad*  thia  —  day  of—,  ba- 

twaan  A.  B.  (of ),  C.  D.  (of j,  and  B.  P.  (of 

— — >,  witnaaaath  i 

That  aald  partlaa  ahall  aaaeelatathamaalvaa  t»> 
gathar  in  tha  buainaaa  of  (</«/«  wAn/ionly. 

That  aaid  buainaaa  ahall  ba  acmmancad  on  tha 

diy  of and  ba  eoncludtd  on  or  bafora  tha 

day  of It  ahall,  in  tha  maantlma,  ba 

eoneludad  by  aithar  tha  banliruptcy,daath,  or  in- 
aelvancyofaitharefthapartiaa.orbythtlrmutual 
eonaaat. 

Thataald  buainaaa  ahall  b*  carrlad  on,  continued 
and  maintainad  in only. 

That  tha  eapiul  of  aal«I  partnarahlp  ahall  ba 
fVirnlahad  aa  followa: 

A.  B.,  —  dolUra  in  monay, dollara  In  raal 

aatata.  aa  par  achadula  marliad  A,  haraunto  at- 
taqhad,  ana  —  dollara  paraonal  proparty,  aa  par 
•citadula  B,  haraunto  attachad. 


Etc.,  ate 
CD, 


dollara  in  money, 


dollara  In 


proralaaory  notaa,  copiaa  of  which  ara  aat  forth 
in  tha  achadula  haraunto  attachad,  markad  C. 

B.  r., mllara,  ate. 

That  all  aald  raal  and  paraonal  aatata  ahall  ba 
coaaldarad  betwaan  aald  partnara,  aa  being  the 
aareral  and  aaparata  proparty  of  tha  partner  con- 
tributing the  aama.    "^  "^   '  '^  ■ 

Accounting. 
That  thnra  than  be  a  tcttlaflient  of  all  pannanhip  ac- 
count* at  icau  once  ia  each  year,  at  which  lime*  the 
tarn*  tball  be  a^juted,  and  all  faalancn  convartad  Into 
Mill  payable  or  receivable,  which  bill*  shall  be  negolla- 

ble  and  payable  at ,  in days  from  their  daM, 

and  bcanng  inicnst,  etc. 

ArMtratloa. 
That  at  any  Uiaa  hereafter,  and  b«fi<r*  the  aecounu 
between  said  parties  concerning  said  paitnenhip  shall 
be  finally  setUed  and  closed,  any  diflerence  or  dispute 
that  shall  arise  between  them,  or  any  of  them,  concern- 
ing the  true  construction  of  these  presents,  or  any  cove- 
nant or  thing  herein  contained,  or  any  account*  to  Da 
suted  or  settled  in  pursuance  hereof,  or  any  fact,  nut- 
tar,  or  thing  iclatinc  to  said  partnership  or  Ihe  concern* 
thereof,  shall  be  suEmitled  and  reierred  to  the  determi- 
nation and  award  of  three  arbitrators  chosen,  two  of. 
wfalchshall  be  choaen  by  the  paitie*  In  diSirancc,  which 
two  eRali  select  a  third,  and  the  decision  and  award  of 
any  two  of  them,  hi  willing,  shall  be  final,  bindlM,  and 
coodttsive. 

^      Aaalgamant  of  Partnar'a  Intaraat. 

That  ndlhcr  of  said  parties  shall,  without  the  consent 
of  all  the  others,  in  wHlIng,  sell  or  assign  his  share  or 
ioicrest  in  said  partnenhip  and  joint  trade  and  business 
to  any  person  or  petaone  whoa  loever. 

<  Wb««  there  is  a  right  maenad  to  ddier  natty  to  aa- 
sign  his  interest  in  the  partnership,  if  he  abuse*  it  by 
assigning  it  la  an  incompetent  person,  (rem  whatever 
came,  a  cmirt  of  equity  amy  inlerfcre  by  ti^unction.*) 

That  either  of  saM  partka  may.  at  any  time,  upon 
-. —  notice,  in  writing,  to  all  tha  oOian,  sail  and  asston, 
by  wriiing,  hiashara  or  inierast  hi  said  partnership  trade 
and  businem,  to  anycoaipeteat,  lolvaat,  and  naponsibia 
person  whomsoever. 

Ihiilnaaa  Maaagamaa^ 

Tlial  the  -—  braach  of  eaid  IhtsiheH  shaB  ba  amn- 
agedby  A.  B.:  in  bis  abamioa  by  C.  D.,attd  Inthaab- 
senca  of  both  by  B.  F. 

"^  "^-r*  l*™"^  of  ■•>4  budaeas  ahan  be  man- 
agsd  by  C.  D..  and  in  bis  afcsmoa  by  B.  F.;  in  the 
absenec  of  both  by  the  foreman  of  said  deparfaNeat. 

That  the branch  of  said  bosinam  shaU  ba  man- 

WkI  by  E.  F.,  and  in  his  abaeace  by  whoeter  saM  A. 
K  and  C.  O.  may  at  tha  tim«.deBlgnata. 

_  Bttjror  ML 

Thatopoa  dm  dissohitioa  of  aald  partnership  either 

•»«(oiy  Paita.  I  III  a.  a  i  Id.  I  )ii. 


party  may,  In  writing,  mtlie  an  oSSir  to  tha  other  per. 
Ue*  to  buy  their,  or  sell  hi*  own,  entire  Interesu  In  ial<t 
partnership  eflbcu,  at  a  certain  tpccified  price. 

That  thereiiiiun  and  wItMn days  thercaAer  laid 

partlee  ahall  signify  by  writing,  to  said  party  pronnslng, 
their  acceptaace  or  r^-.lon  of  his  oiftr,  ami  fltillni  so 
U  do  within  that  lime  said  party  proposing  may  within 
— -  days  puy  or  sell  at  hi*  own  option  and  according 
to  hi*  said  proposal. 

Capital  Stock. 
InerHut  »nd  Limit. 

That  neither  of  said  parties  shall  draw  out  any  part 
of  ihe  proflu  of  said  concern  without  the  consent,  In 
writing,  or  Ihe  others  of  them,  until  the  capital  shall  ex- 
ceed tha  sum  of dulUrs,  which  sum  of dollais 

shall  be  set  apart  during  the  term  of  said  partnership  as 
a  joint  capital  for  tha  purponea  of  said  concern.  Wheiu 
however,  said  capital  shall  eacicd  the  sum  of  -— 
dollan,  then  either  party  may  ukc  out  the  whuie  or  any 
part  of  his  share  of  the  proiiu  appearing  to  hia  credit. 
Amfunit  ami  Limi'l  tUhmiul  Pnrtturt. 

That  each  of  said  parties  may  dr»w  from  the  cash  of 

the  Joint  Clock  the  sum  of dollars  (monthly  tr 

quarteriv)  for  his  own  use,  to  be  charged  on  account, 
and  neither  of  ihem  shall  draw  any  further  sum  for  his 
own  separata  use  without  tha  coneent  of  the  others  in 
writing. 

Thai  any  such  further  sum  taken  with  si-eh  consent 

shall  draw  interest  at  the  rate  of per  cent,  per 

annum,  and  shall  be  payalile,  logelher  with  Interest  due, 
within  ; — days  after  notice  in  writiiw  given  )Bn  the 
other  of  sold  pmrties. 

That  neither  of  saM  partiea  shall  be  entitled  in  or 
draw  fipom  the  joint  slock  at  any  time  more  than  his 
(hare  of  the  profiM  of  Ihe  bu*lne*a  than  eantad  after 
a^juaiment  of  expenses  and  loaaea. 

lalaraat. 

That  If  at  tha  expiration  of  each  yeara  bahinca  of 
profiu  ahall  be  found  due  to  either  partner  he  shall  ba  at 
liberty  to  withdraw  said  balance,  or  he  may  leave  the 
same  in  the  business,  if  the  other  partners  conaent 
thereto:  in  which  case  he  shall  be  allowed  Inirnasit  on 

such  balance  at  tha  rata  of percent.  peranr.iim, 

and  thereafter  when  said  balance  Is  to  be  withdrawn 
— —  aoiice  shaU  begivan  of  its  intended  withdrawal 

_  Caahlar  or  Racalvor. 

That  Ihe  prtacipal  chirk  for  the  time  being  shall  be 
the  cashier  and  nnaral  receiver  of  all  tha  money  be- 
longing to  said  joint  business  and  partnership,  and  shall 
pay  tiMranvm  all  demaadi  ordered  by  said  parties ;  and 
shaU  liom  time  to  time  pay  the  surplus  caah  to  Midi 
bankms  a*  saM  partnen  shall  designate. 

.  .  ,      ConUauattca  of  Partnarahlp. 

It  Is  hereby  agreed  that  the  panoenhip  avidenoed  by 
ua  within  aniclaa  of  agrae.-Bent  shall  be  eoniiwaed  tnoa 
the  aama  terms  and  under  the  same  provWona  and  re- 
sirictiaaa  as  are  therein  contained  for  tha  ftmbar  lam 
or— firomiha-— dayof next. 

That  neither  of  said  partiea  ahall  *ell  orcradtt'aay 
good*,  war**,  or  nMrchaadiaa  belonging  to  aaid  Joint 
bwinaia  or  partnarahlp  to  any  person  or  peicons  after 
noliea  In  witling  ftom  the oiher^  said  parties  that  Mieb 
paiaoB  or  paiaoa*  are  not  loJw  o  tdiletl  or  tnislml. '  - 

Tbat  in  OM  oTthe  daceaaa  ef  any  one  ofsaM  part- 
aacs  bsfcra  Aa  expiration  of  said  term  of ,  said  part- 
nership sbaB  cease  uid  ba  diaaolvad  as  to  auch  paitaar 
only,  and  said  joint  busineH  and  partnenhip  may  ba 
carried  on  and  comhiMad  Iw  tha  wrvhrlng  partnen  fgr 
an  iha  iwldM  of  eaM  parfod  of  — .,  uptm  dm  saaw 
coBdltl«naaBdtanaa.aiW*«ljacttotha»ama*ilpiJaHoaa 
and  larma  aa  ara  herein  contained. 

That  taM  stttvl viag  partnen  thatl  be  ripacllnli  In- 
ternted  Inihc  ahara  of  the  deeeaaed  partner  and  tha 
profitt  arising  tharcftow,  la  tha  aame  ralativa  propor> 
lioiu  in  «dd<£  ihty  are  (niareatad  in  the  other  and  ra- 
malning  ihaias  of  aald  bitslnasa  coaeetn. 

^^^  •?•?.". f^V  •*«  »"«•  ahara  of  said  deceased 

•'"'*~l^  •"  wkhdrawB  ftma  aaid  JMnt  trade  tha 
sanm  shall  be  repiacad  by  tha  aorvivlBg  partnen  hnha 
eanw  proppition*  in  wfcidi  the*  rmpactively  ara  lobe 
iatareatad  la  tha  profile  aridng  from  the  ihara  afoieiaid. 
DiilMWiiiMion«r01aaolati»B. 

That  ifaither  of  aaid  partiea«hall  ba  dadarad  a  baali- 
i«pt,  or  file  aay  palitiMi  (or  tlM  b«n^  of  tiw  ilMi««M 


CONTRACTS. 


•  an  oAr  to  th»  other  por. 
own,  intira  Iniermli  In  uiil 
Uln  •pacified  prlc«. 

In dvvi  ihareafttr  ttid 

ing,  10  Mid  parly  Dropn«ln(, 
n  of  hia  offer,  •nd  flilllni  lo 
Mirty  propoilnf  nuy  within 
u  own  option  and  iccordlng 

1  Stock. 

Mb/  Limit. 

tie*  thall  draw  Out  any  pert 
«rn  without  iho  conMni,  In 
m,  until  th«  capital  shall  tx- 
*,  which  lum  of—  dullan 
I  wrm  of  (aid  partnenhip  aa 
■e*  of  laid  concam,  Whct^ 
ill  aactad  lh«  lum  of  — — 
lay  lalia  out  the  whole  or  any 
flu  appearing  to  hia  cr^ii. 
'/  alltfuttl  Partntri. 
may  draw  from  the  caah  of 

»f dollar*  (monthly  tr 

>,  to  be  charged  on  aceowni, 
Iraw  any  fiiruier  aum  fofhit 
the  conaeni  of  the  ethen  in 

am  taken  with  acch  consent 

rate  of  —  per  cent,  per 

n,  together  with  Intcreit  due, 

ice  in  writing  given  1^  the 

tlea  ihall  be  entitled  tn  or 
at  any  time  more  than  hi* 
bualnet*  than  aaniMl  after 

raat. 

■  of  each  year*  balance  of 
either  partner  he  »haU  be  at 

lance,  or  he  may  leara  the 
the  other  partner*  eonaent 
ihall  be  allowed  interwit  on 
f  —  per  cent,  per  anriim, 
•lance  I*  to  be  withdrawn 
'  it*  intended  withdraw*!. 

■  R«e«W«r. 

for  the  time  being  shall  be 
Deiver  of  all  tha  money  be- 
a  and  partnership,  and  shall 
>rdarcd  by  said  parties:  and 
Mr  the  surpiiM  caah  lo  aiicb 
ill  designate. 
f  Partnanhlp. 
If  partnenhip  aWdenoed  by 
lent  shall  be  contiausd  wob 
the  same  proviaiona  aadTra- 
ntalned  for  iba  fimber  lanM 

neat 

ait. 

ties  shall  sail  or  eradtt  aay 
Ilea  betongiag  to  said  Joint 
iny  pation  or  persons  after 
bar  41  said  parties  that 
^  oidited  Of  trusted. 

ase  cf  any  one  of  said  pan- 
said  term  of ,  said  part- 

lUasolvad  as  lo  aucb  paitnar 
la  and  parmatablp  may  ba 
y  thasorvivfng  partnen  ^ 
lod  or  -'— ,  opon  Iha  saiM 
1^  to  lb*  sanw  atlpidaliaM 
Mined. 

M  shall  be  napactivety  in> 
^  daeaaaed  partner  and  tha 
I  the  same  relativ*  prapor> 
iresiad  in  tbe  other  ana  n- 


ir  the  share  of  said  deccaxad 
from  said  Joint  trad*  tha 
«  anrelviBg  paftnats  hi  iIm 
the*  rHpactivdy  ara  to  be 
ng  Irom  the  abara  afiwesald. 
0r  DiiMliitlOB. 
ea«haU  be  dadwrad  a  faMd. 
dMb«ot«t  of  dM  hMlTWt 


i*!hTli  ^.•|lf!,.*""yJ"*  ■"'  ••~"'  wniposltion 

fh.  li      A      •  ""^  ^K  "'  "ny  purpiiee  other  than  (oi 
the  Immcdi.t.  um.  of  ..Id  jmrtLmhrp  concern.  Keep  ! 

Ihl«T  .h.  „^     *T  "V"''*  «"".  or  .Kail  .offer  M. 
snare  In  the  partnership  clfcuis  10  be  atuchcd  or  taken 

«id"«.i'«"  *"  ■7J!'1*«»«  d'bi,  than  the  o?he"  of 
have  come  to  their  knowledge  give  ..id  party  so  acllne 

^.il^r.l!fp*  "'^'~^-  •""»»»''"»  •  -ii-SuuSnTird 


That  tLereuDon  said  partnenhip  ,h.ll  be  determined 
I  n  the  aane  manner  a*  if  the  whole  ofaaid 


and  di.Aoivft] 

f„th.  ^">'  "»'"*<=«  •  ""'i"  of  tu'h  di.»ulution 

1?J  rlii^.T  ".'>'  °""^'  »«*«l«per  printed  and  of  gcn- 

^  nf  ifi'if"  '" •  "".^  •"•  •ubw.ribe  and  afli«  the 

lURM  of  .iKh  party  as  well  as  his  own  to  such  notice  ■ 
this  authority  to  be  irrevocable.  ' 

•n...  a   B    V  S*"**!""  •'  Dutia*. 

•kill  aml'.im..  .i*"II*'".*'"'*'!l"""f  •"  ••'•  "'entlon. 
•kill,  and  time  to  tlie  biuinesa  of  sa  d  Arm  a*  saleiman 
jnd^^perinle.Kl.nt  of  th,  _  departmenlTf  253 

akl[l'^'n^".i«.'.'"llT''r'  ■»<' /•^o?"  »!l  his  atuntlon, 

swii,  and  time  to  the  buaineas  of  said  firm  aa ate 

In- — department  of  said  botioesa.  '       ' 

£to,,  etc. 

Th..  e..  _5"P«»Won  of  Mambm. 

«  J^'n^'^T'lAy/J"?:-  .  '  <«..••»"  be  setttal 


"Jjjon  M  tlie  saie  can  I  ^^tly  do'nT^i"^. 

eeeding.  however, from     .  date  of  web  e«p«J»loB. 

B.  U.'L.S'ET.i.'pSl/^';  "^  ««  ««» •»«^  be  "The 

r^  »-t{e",'!5JS7SSte:rCb.  e,lsten«, 
being  fint  obtained,  enter  Into  any  boad.  coovwvaaoa 
•urely,  accept  any  bill,  make  any  not*,  or  indorse  anv 
JteS^ig'b^^te^S^"  .be  eonaent  of  the 


•53 

«lC^!llf'K*"T  ?"•»'»»«»'  "  "h'"  •ctuaHy  be  r. . 

2ld^«^.AT'*'"  '"•"  '■'•  «»•>  "d  St  «k  account  of 
»aia  partnenhip  concern. 

TL  .      , .         Retiring  Partner. 

„w  k.  1"  '*  ""'J"*'  '"  *''•'"  of  'h*"".  "tiring  from 
Mid  bualne..  and  partnenhip  .hall  not  at  any  t1mV(M 
time.  h,n.ft,r,  either  aiune,  or  Jointly  wiX  or  a.  «.,« 
or  representative  of  any  penon  or  internt  whaU«v« 

°r:fl'"i!rf?i'"*  '"•  °',"c™"I*  «iid  trade  or  bu.inesJ 

■  *""'"  —  mile*  from  .  aforesaid    or  >•> 

17?^^"^  "PP«l«lon  to  ..Id  trade  or  bu"nm  ci'rried 

act  InVI^^L*^  ""^'V  ?'i*'*y*<>  «'lring  .hall  do  any 
-,.   .       .  .    Sattlamant*. 

3,7e«'feir''"«'  ''^^-  -  -^  w 

and, 

to  ''vide  (uch  money* 
•everal  inteicet*  of  the  partie*;  aw 
a.  By  one  or  more  of  .aid  partnen  purcha.tnc  ail  tha 

ooet 

-     '  i~'  —  r;-t^»»jr  vi  ui«  |Ninnennip  oetna  ai>« 
by  appraiien  chcen  as  afor««aid,  and  after 


I.  By  turning  all  the  aaiiets  of  said  firm  into  ca.h 

.  ''^wV*^l'"i  '"  ""  ''"""rA'^P-^^^h  p! 
»      vae  (uch  money*  aa  remain  In  r 


I  proportion  to  the 


In  th*  ab*en«  of  any  stijpuiaSon  to  ifa*  ooatnrv  each 
jartnarno  matter  what  hfiintereat  in  uilSS5^;'hS* 
an  equal  voka  with  the  others,  and  the  McewuTCOiiM. 

i»rt»«»wp.  tb.  wilKTOStoTo?^  SSX  Sf  Zdd 


-^  NawPMtlMMS. 

TiMt  la  ease  said  A.  B.,  etc.,  should  think  It  imvi«i> 
fetm  gmerany,  cr  into  tha branch  of  saJd^ 

bZSS'lijf.KSLil."*"'*''*'  ^^  InaU  raipaeta 
oereia  cociafaMd,  aa  though  he  had  been  a  nanw  hMMT 
•0  «»  a*  tha  saMa  iS^otlamrhtmSM^S?  SS^' 

Vnm  •BttrlntoaeoMaaM  to  petfona  and  obann  all 


kofsaldpartaen, 


co^»£;;Ma<s7u,:sMi?';^i 

and  la  BO  other  MMUMr.  "y""' 

__        ^^       ft*l*M*  ftt  Dtbta. 

w  or  payable  te«b^  *a  aeoouat  of  I 
»4te*)rFima.|ia3. 


B  of  .L  ^1  «"«lni«r«te<>,  penons.  each  chosen  by 
B  of  the  partnen  for  that  Dbrpose).  ' 

In  witness,  etc. 

.^f/i*»  an,/  DormMi  or  SiUnt  P^imr. 

S-^wj  s  ffig'::7ov-r.%ji;^'»of"'cS! 

gjB,  M  th.  bu*ia*M  of—,  at  JL",'S^7ro?^ 

SSIr  lis?'**'  ^ "*•"  "•  ««^«» «"  "y  «>p«"- 

.J***  **^  P-  "*•  ••"•"  'uraJrt  ta  *«id  partner. 
•hip  a  ■ufRdaat  atock  «f  aaltabte  good*  waral! 

SS5rS^~;X.*'"5'*'  «>*.»•»  '•••  than doi 

^.ISiS.TS*  ^^?r  Ife*"  •»*•  without  th*  *spr*M 

SSif '•  »'«»'«»»•  Purpaa*.  of  •aJdwStB.rlhto 
MM«n),anyn«te,  warSa^marshaBdtai,  lath* 


lyita  wrtUiic. 
«Jrtl!rtf  *•  ■•  •'•^  *■>•  ••?•»  •»««»*•»  th*  sola 
^ Slii'SSH*"'!."*." «««i«""»  biMlB*.., a" 
^St^SJ^  ■^.••i*^  d*vot*  hi*  car*,  dllig*acr 
Sifwrn.  •""'''*^»*  *•  wpwlntindMc*!!? 

^.ir2S£2?&"^  S-  »;.«*«««  to  Llm  3 
BMsajra  rMS«iv*d  Iram  aucb  *•!**,  oa  th*  lolnt  ae. 
?^».«?«*«ductlBg  tba  a-toaS  and  iiSSUS 

AMmSSSI'^^^S!!!!^  requirwl  by  *ald  C.  D.. 
mUMhibit th*  tMOka  and  aeceunta  in ralatloti 

That  aaid  A.  A.  ahaU  not,  daring  *aid  t*rm  of 
— -  y*M*,  ii*a.  Allow,  or  •ifftd**  *aid  buSMMu 

vanuf*,  but  that  h*  will,  at  ail  tba**  durina  tha 
««BUauaBea  of  aald  partoMahl^.  ^SduftWim! 
fonn  in  aU  thing*  to  tha  b*at  <k  hto  knowtelc!^ 


f 


•54 


CX)NTRACTS. 


TtMt  all  (Bin,  pveflt.  Kod  tncmM  that  ahall 
aria*  from  said  joint  butlnen  and  partnarahip 
■hall,  from  tim*  tu  tim*,  durloa  aald  tarm,  ba 
•qually  divided  batwaan  tham,  ihara  and  thara 
aflka,  and  that  all  loaaaa  that  thai)  happanto  aald 
bualnaaa  and  nartntrihlp  by  bad  daota,  ate.,  or 
ctharwiaa,  ahall  ba  borna  and  paid  aqually  ba- 
twaan  tham,  ahara  and  ahara  aliiia. 

TbMt  at  tha  and  of  aald  tarm  of yaara,  or 

upon  a  aoonar  tarmlnationof  aaid  partnarahip,  aa 
aforaaald,  tha  stock  and  proflu  which  may  ba 
than  upon  hand,  and  all  othar  proparty  of  aald 
partnarahip  ahall,  aftar  tha  paymaal  of  all  dabta 
of  aald  partnarahip,  ba  aaually  dtvidad  batwaan 
aald  A.  B.  and  C  D.,or  thair  aurvlvora  or  iagal 
rapraaantatlvaa. 

lo  witaaaa,  ate. 

CMiitnMt— Piirtiianiltlp. 
Bttwttn  Mmkanit  in  Dljfimt  CtuMlritt. 

Thia  agraamant,  mada  thAa day  of — -,  ba- 

twaaa  A.  B.,  of  Naw  York  city.  In  tha  SUta  of 
New  York,  United  Btatea  of  America;  C.  D.,  of 
tha  city  of  Luodoo,  in  tha  klnadom  of  Oraat 
Britain i  B.  P.,  of  tha  city  of  BarUo,  in  tha  Oar- 
man  Bicpira,  and  O.  H.,  of  tha  city  of  Parte,  in 
tha  rapubllc  of  Franca. witnaaaath  i 

That  tald  partlaa  ahall,  for  tha  tarm  of 

yaara,  carry  on  tha  Joint  bualnaaa  of 1  nt  tha 

placaa,  by  tha  raapactlva  partlaa,  and  under  tha 
reapactlve  atylsa  and  Arm  namaa,  aa  foUowa,  via.: 

A.  B.  In  aald  city  of  Naw  York,  under  tha  Arm 
name  and  atyla  oi  A.  B.  A  Co. 

C.  D.  In  «aid  city  of  London,  under  tha  Mrm 
name  and  atyla  of  C.  D.  A  Co. 

B.  F.  of  aaid  city  of  Berlin,  under  tha  Arm  name 
and  atyle  of  B.  F.  A  Co. 

O.  H.  of  eald  city  of  Parte,  under  tha  Arm  name 
and  atyla  of  0.  H.  ft  Co. 

That  tha  capital  atock  of  aald  partnarahip  con- 
cern ehall  ba  provided  by  aald  partlaa  In  tha  fol- 
lowtag  proportiena,  via. : 

A.  B. ,  the  aum  of doNara,  eaab. 

C.  D..  the  aura  of dollara,  etc.,  ate. 

B.  F.,  the  earn  of  »—  dollara,  etc. 
O.  H.,  the  aum  of dollara. 

Aceounte.  That  uid  parllea  ihaB  be  jut  and  true 
lo  each  other,  and  thall  give  jutt  and  trtw  account  to 
each  other,  upon  request,  of  all  Ibeir  partnersliip  coo- 
cemt. 

That  pitiper  booki  of  aceonnt  ihall  ba  kept  at  the  sev- 
eral eounilRg  housca  of  said  parties  at  New  York,  Lon- 
don, Berlia,  and  Paris,  or  hi  tome,  place  arhlch  snail  ba 
from  tioa  to  time  appointed  by  the-n,  in  which  shall  ba 
entered  alt  tha  tfamactioiis  and  eonoama  of  said  Jnint 
trade,  aecordiac  to  tha  otual  course  and  practloa  of  met- 
chants,  and  to  which  books  any  of  aaid  partners,  or  any 
other  peraoos  ky  hia  or  thsoi  authorlied,  shall  have 
firse  aocass  for  all  matters  respacdng  lh«ir  trade  and 
daaUnn,  at  aQ  sessonabla  tlata,  and  aiay  uke  copiea 
thereof. 

iMIvancaa  on  ConalgiimaM,  Credit,  Pnrehaaa, 
tta.  That  none  i^  aaldpartoara  shall  rater  into  anv 
purchase,  lianaaction,  or  einafsnieat,  or  make  any  no- 
vanea  imon  consignmcnM  on  acetwM  of  thin  partnership, 
or  trust  aay  peiioa  with  goad*,  or  otherwisa,  to  the 
amount  of —^  dollars  or  upwanis,  without  the  eoaca»- 
rcnoe  aad  approbalian  of  the  others  of  them. 

That  none  of  said  paitnrta  shall  antar  into  or  auka  amr 
purchase,  transaction,  or  eagaflstnant,  or  make  any  ad- 
vance wMlsoavar,  on  ontlgniiMnU,  or  truatany  parson 
with  goods,  or  otherwise,  to  any  amunt  whatatar,  after 
notice  from  tha  other  partners  not  lo  tio  so. 

Adrtuieaa.  Increaaa,  BitrshM.  That  if  any  of  said 
partact*  shaH  oontribota  any  nntlMr  sam  of  money  Into 
said  cooccM,  or  permit  Ms  gpdns  to  remain  OwRln,  to  a 
greater  amooot  than  Ms  proper  sharatbaraof,  he  shidt  ra- 
cetva  interett  ibrsueh  surptas,  efter  thahMtcst  MM  teany 
manner  lawAiIly  aQowaa  at  the  place  where  the  aaine 
shaH  so  itmain  or  be  contiftatad,  aad  the  aioek  la  titida 
■hall,  from  time  to  lima,  be  a  security  to  suck  paitaer 
for  any  such  advance  and  iMerest.  ff  there  sbaB  Mt 
ba  sumcicpH  stock  in  trade  to  answer  the  same,  the  other 
partners  shaU  each,  (irott  their  own  laspecttva  private 
estates,  be  lUbie  »  make  good  such  aavaoce*  aad  in- 
>>rest. 

ARowancaa  Ibr  EotartalnitMiit.  That  each  *t 
•tldpaftners  sbaB  ba  allowed  the  turn  of— doDais 
per  annum  out  of  said  concent,  befeia  aagr  dtvialoa  or 


distrihiitlon  Afgain  shall  take  |iliic«,to  ba  ditvatad  to  the 
ent€ri*i»nieni  ofmrangar*,  etc,  etc.,  at  their  re^aclive 
pIsces  »f  business. 

Application  to  Bualnaaa.  That  each  of  said  part- 
ners anali,  to  the  be«t  ('' their  respective  •kill  and  abilliy, 
dlll|ently  apply  Min«<-K  in  and  alMiiit  the  binlness  of  sail] 
concern,  and  the  nianagemeril,  proAl,  and  advantage 
thereof. 

Attachment  ikftr!  Eaecutlone.  That  none  c^  said 
partners  thall  permit  or  stiHtr  said  joint  itocli,  nr  hi* 
share  ur  inlertst  therein.  t<i  bii  in  any  way  v^liarsetl,  en- 
cumbered, atuched.  or  taken  In  execution  for  Tils  own 
private  and  particular  debts. 

Bllto  of  BKchanae,  Prumlaaory  Notca,  or  othet 
Bngagamanta.  'iTial  none  of  aald  partners  shall,  far 
hi:;  own  private  use,  or  for  any  other  purpose  than  tl« 
Immediate  iwe  of  said  paniwnhip,  make,  draw,  sub- 
scribe,  Indusse,  or  accept  any  bili  oT  exchange  or  pmm- 
Issory  note,  or  o'her  engagiment.  In  the  name  of  >aid 
partnership,  or  by  the  meani  of  wnlch  said  partnenihip 
sliall  become  bound,  engag>.*d,  or  liable,  nor  to  pay  or 
apply  any  >uch  partnership  moneys  or  enTecla,  except  nn 
account  of  lalu  concern,  undei  a  penally  of  forfeiting 
treble  the  amount  of  such  bill,  nets,  or  othar  engsga- 
ment,  or  the  money  to  paldl  or  misapplied,  10  the  other 
partners,  tu  ii<t  paid  by  or  deducted  from  the  share  of 
Italns  or  capital  uf  the  corcem  bf  the  oflendiiig  party, 
and  divided  between  the  other  partnan  in  the  propor- 
tions that  they  are  cntltlc<l  to  the  proflts  arising  from 
said  copartnership  buslneu. 

Daccaae.  That  If  any  or  either  of  said  partners  shall 
happen  to  die  durlitg  MtiO  partnership,  then  his  personal 
representatives  shall  become  thereby  Interested  in  said 

ccficern,  only  uiitil  tha day  of next  snsuing 

said  decease,  when  said  uartnenhip  concern,  as  to  tha 
part,  share,  and  iMerest  ol  said  deceased  partner,  but  no 
furthar  or  otherwise,  sStuU  absolutely  cease  and  deter- 
mine. 

That  if  all  said  partners  shall  die  during  said  term 
said  partnaiship  shiul  absolutely  cease  and  deterrolne,  as 
lo  all  said  partners,  and  the  account,  division,  and  par- 
tition hereinafter  menlicned  shall  be  made  la  tha  same 
msnaer  as  Is  therein  provided  for. 

DIaaolutlon.  That  if  any  or  cither  of  said  parties 
shall  desire  to  put  an  end  lo  said  psrtnenhip,  at  the 
cxpiiation  of  ine  third  year  thereof,  he  or  they,  on 
giving  one  fiill  ynar's  nouce.  in  writing,  to  each  of  the 
other  partncn,  shall  be  at  liberty  to  do  so,  for  which 
pnrtose  such  notice  shall  ba  repeated  at  the  tnlcrval  of 
— ^  days,  by  rcgisietcd  letter,  lo  each  of  the  piacea  of 
resiilenca  and  business  of  the  other  psrtnen.  Said  notice 
shall  be  deemed  and  conaidared  to  data  boh  the  delivery 
of  the  aeeoad  or  last  of  said  aolleca  at  the  poet  ofloe 
of  the  ssndsr. 

That  at  the  eaplrsitloii  of  said  notice,  or  at  any  subse- 
quent tlssa  ibeiain  named,  eaidpannershipoonoein  shall 
absolutely  cease  aiMl  dctarmiae  es  to  ait  said  partncn, 
and  the  same  accoem,  division,  partition,  and  payasent 
as  is  henia  provldiid  shall  be  Buuie. 

0«tald«  BaelMiea.  That  neither  of  said  partaaia 
shall,  daring  ihia  partaership,  eitiier  by  hisMW  or  la 
partnership  ariih  any  other  person  or  pcraoas,  or  any 
other  persona  or  Interests,  eater  lalo,  engagt  la,  or  carry  . 
on  any  buslnasa  or  employaMnt  distinct  and  oolsida  of 
the  said  concern,  without  the  coas«nt.  In  wridag,  of  tbr 
other  partnaiB,  having  Aral  been  doialned  ibr  that  pur- 
poea.  /VvaiMnf,  komvtr,  Aat  said  A.  B.  shall  be  i^ 
liberty  to  engage  in  aay  other  concarn  or  commercial 
undeirtaking  that  ha  may  think  proper,  other  than  that 
of  a  merchant  or  commission  agmit,  many  of  said  ptacea 
in  which  said  paitnatship  hmmcee  shall  ba  carried  on.  , 

fMftt  «i4  Lee*.  That  said  paitiet  shall  b«  leleik 
estsd  In  the  Joint  stock  of  said  panaaiahip  concern,  and 
teall  gslaa  aad  profits  iherefirom  in  tha  proponiena  of 
dieir  eontribuiiona  to  the  capital  slock  («r  In  equal  pro- 
ponioa  ahara  and  share  wika),  end  all  debts,  leauea, 
rem.  tasaa,  watpas,  and  all  othar  chargsa  and  anensea, 
Inddant  to  saidconcern  shall  be  botma  and  paM  in  the 
same  pioportlom. 

BaalBalatt.  That  if  any  realpiopeily,h>nds,  ttm- 
mama,  or  hefadilaiaenta  shall  be  purchased wlihihe 
moneys  or  edttcls  of  said  partnership,  the  seiM  ehiMl  bo 
considered  and  held  aa  the  Joint  propeily  of  said  part- 
ners te  the  prNsmiom  heraiitbefbre  mentioned. 

ReteMMt,    That  none  df  said  partners  thd 
or  discharge  any  debt  owing  to  said  ce«eera.ab     _ . 

sum  of doUafB,witfcoM  the  eoMeat  of  the  othar 

partneia. 


tonee 
on  01 


■"  ■'■•T-T"TtWrrn"  'ri"iiVii*i 


due*,  to  Im  (lovotad  to  Um 
.,  •(«.,  at  llMir  naptciiv* 

Thai  mch  of  Mid  part. 
upacMvetliill  and  abillljf 
atMiiil  the  butincu  of  »id 

I,  profit,  and   advanuga 

an*.  That  nona  of  uld 
'  aald  join)  ttock,  nt  hi* 
in  any  way  kliarged,  en- 
In  aaecu!ioa  lorTilaown 

iMorv  Notes,  or  othor 

if  aala  purtnere  thall,  for 
f  oihar  purpou  ihiin  il« 
tnhip,  malic,  draw.iiilk 
t)ili  of  axchanga  or  pr<im-' 
tent.  In  the  nama  of  «»id 
>f  which  taid  partnenhip 
,  or  liabla,  nor  to  pay  ur 
nayi  or  cmcta,  except  on 
>i  a  panatiy  of  forfeiting 

II,  ntta,  or  othar  msan. 
mlaappUad,  to  tha  other 

luctad  frotn  the  ahara  of 

n  bf  the  oflandliig  pariir, 

'  Mrtnara  in  the  piopor- 

the  proSta  arisinc  (roia 

ithar  of  aatd  partnara  ahal) 
nanhlp,  than  hU  partonal 
thereby  interested  In  i«id 
day  of  — ~-  next  snatifng 
enhip  concern,  aa  to  the 
I  daceaaed  partner,  but  oo 
loiutely  caaae  and  d«tat>- 

M  die  ditrlnc  laid  ttim 
y  caaae  and  cfetennine,  h 
ccouni,  dtvlaion,  and  par- 
hall  be  made  in  the  tamo 
for. 

or  either  of  aald  partlaa 
aald  partnenhip,  at  tlw 
theteof,  h«  or  tnay.  on 
n  writiiic,  to  each  or  the 
MTty  to  Ho  lo,  for  whick 
ipeatad  ct  the  inierral  of 
to  each  of  the  pbeca  of 
ihersartnei*.  Said  notice 
1  to  cata  frolta  tb«  ddi  vary 
Botioca  at  the  poat  oAc* 

d  notice,  or  M  siqr  aubaa- 
I  pwtnerthip  conoetn  ahall 
•  a*  to  all  aaid  partncn, 
I,  partition,  and  payiMM 


naithar  of  aald  nannan 
,  aitttar  by  klaHM  or  hi 
titoa  or  paiaoaa,  or  any 
r  iaio,  angage  In,  oresrrv . 
It  diatlnct  and  ootaid*  or 
Maatnt,  in  wtiiinc,  aTikr 
en  obtained  (or  inal  pur- 
at  a*id  A.  B.  abaU  be  tf. 
t  concato  or  eonaercial 
t  proper,  other  than  that 

Sint,1nany  of  aald  place* 
aia  ihaabecaiTladon. , 
lid  partita  ahall  t>«  tntaik 
partaaiahip  concern,  and 
om  in  tha  propeniona  oi 
lal  atock  («r  in  equal  pto> 
la),  and  all  dabti,  laMta, 
nr  charics  and  expanaca, 
be  boraa  nd  fia  ia  tha 

real  iNoperty,  iamta,  tasa* 
II  be  purchaacd  with  the 
Mrahip,  tha  aan^a  ahall  bo 
iiitpropartyofaaid  part* 
MnDra  mentionad, 

•  aaU«Meani.ab«v*4M 
iha  CQWint  or  th»  othw 


CONTRACTS, 


ih!  .i,jS;i„JH'  iL"""  ""T  "''"'la'  months  from 

the  expiration  of  laid  term  of ynn,  or  ufter  the 

determUilon  of  ..Id  pa,tn«sh.p  l„\„y  of  the  .I.-,I 

Mate  and  «)ju«  a  Anal  account.  In  w,i,i~,  of  in  ,h, 
partnenhip  ..ui«  and  elftua,  .,„.!  thereupS  "u^v  . I.m 
or  pertition  thereof  ,hall  be  m„l.  beulSn  «id  «« 
n.rt  re.pectiv.ly.  „r  their  rcpre.entatlvwi,  .n  ?u"h 
prt^ion...  th,y  .hall  be  fiilrly  and  equitably  enuUe.i 
«rr£i«  «°,.'?'.'a  «°  '>'«'•""•  of  thiTaareerm  d^ 
dtbta  •  payment  of  ill  partnenhip 

.h2l"«-?lf.''-2f  '*^*  •?"'•»,!  °'  *•'•  '•Preaenlatlve., 
hii'  ^i^^Sl""*'  'i"*  •'  "'•  "=*1«»  "f  •he  othen  oi" 
™!«  Tiff"'™'/,  "•ke  unto  taid  othen  an  aailgn- 

which  .hall  be  allolted  to  their.,  and  inveai  them  with 
ull  power  to  coll*.,  receive,  and  r«:o»er  the  Mm",3 
ihat  none  of  lald  partner,  .hall  aflerwardt  rel.Me.  dl^ 
K.i^Rl?'  'S"!"""''  •ny  debt,  or  demand,  which  thall 
have  been  allotted  to  the  othen  of  them,  or  their  repre 
''viL','^'..'*^"'  '^^'  retprctive  co„ii,nt,  in  irlJKJ. 
»••">■  ■Utamant.    That  ..id  parinen,  ntoc'- 

ZL«rt"o'„"thr  ^'"^'  Lo''<"'".^ri'".«ndX«. 

•.nail  yearly,  on  the day  of ,  or  m  near  iherebJ 

..1  crcumtlatK.,  will  Mlmitrmake  up  a  part^u Ur  ...tV^ 

"!S".W"  .*l""«iLS'  •■,'  «»««•;  ="«"S.  property*  eJSe, 
»iid  effect,  than  bdng  in  or  babnring  to  wuf  concern  at 
•aid  pl»Lea  reapectlvely,  and  of  Jl  Sbu  anddutl«  rte„ 
lh!^f"\rjL"'?'r"!?'  »•«"  «»»»1«  »h«  Mraa.or  a  copy 
1  hiX: !    li'' lL!."{"  "^  ""  atatanwnt  or  accuiint  in 

I^T.'.r^ii'^i.'LV^^  ha  kept  with  the  other  book,  of 
tccount,  and  which  account  ahaU  not  be  opened  or 

fo  thSiSi^u^'^"  ""*T,??  "™  •>»«"  «>•  fouXtherein 
r  J-    .''T*"P?'  **^  P"™"  re.p«aively  (hall  be  at 

lor  inc  cntartainnant  of  alrangen  aa  afbraaaid 


•5J 


KtSiifniikmtmt  #r  Sttmrtion  of  Intfrtit 

1-2*2  *"  "S?^  ■*  'j  •  '•'  »•••  •onaidamtlon  har*. 
^(tor  mantieiitd.  dooa  by  thaaa  9ntmnu?mM. 
f«»»l*«»<  «OBv*y  unto  aaM  A.  i.  .nd  fc.  JO.' 
ail  dtbti  Md  ■am*  of  monoy  which  aro  do*  and 
S!Sft«-.?"V»."^*  P-rt***  Jointly,  Md  S'  hia 

to  bma  and  to  bold  tha  aam*  uate  tbam,  tha  said 
A.  B.  aad  a  U.,  foravar,  with  ftaU  ■  ^iwarto aak 

own  MMia,  or  othsrwiaa,  and  to  raeaivo.  raeaiot 
for.ralMaa.  tMimpoand  ai>d  diachargauv  ranTSr 


wliU«|»y  do  or  mMk  any  act  w'tU^  tohtodS' 

hta, anenta. and dafivMr aaid  partiaasn^otlwr 
cpllaetioii  of  aald  dabta,  etc.,  aalw  said  Dartlaanr 


"•w«i,aBan,«i  or ^_„, 

nait,  dlaebarn  and  pay  all  dabta  andrama  of 

5?P*.7;A5^.M*  •?  «5  cradfiore,  tJtir  by  rai£ 


J^MwM  A,  B.  and  CD.  t'-fH^^bSc^  the 
-r-Mj  of  — -  aaat,  abtatii  "br  said  B.  t.  stifl- 

law  ftam  an  eradltora  wbaaa  aanaa  ara  m*i>- 

17 


in„";?.d',";i.nU%'"'"  "*•  •«hHul..h.r.un,o 
That  aald  A.  B.  and  C.  D.  ahall  at  ail  timea 
«!?'''.V£'^*  '"••  >•••?  harmiaas  and  ■ndainni" 
«ad  aaid  B.  r.  againat  ill  and  every  person  and 
poraona  whatever,  to  whom  aaid  pnrtiiso/althar 
of  them  are  Indebted  In  relation  to  aaid  partner- 
ahip,  and  of  and  from  all  actiona.  chargaa' coatl 

tTmVKJr^ft'-*'*''^*'  »■••  heretofore,  or  ahall  at  any 
time  hertafter,  arlaa  and  coma  againat  aaid  B.  F. . 
SI  iiS!,?I  *"'"  *•""'••  ♦•"•manw,  Booda,  chattela 
or  eifictt,  or  any  part  thereof,  fSr  or  \iy  reaaon 

-ir^tr^'e'JSii;!:  *'^»  '••'^'""«  •'  '•^"•««  »s 

In  witaeaa,  etc. 

Rttiring/rem  Bmtituu. 
Thia  agrseinent,  etc.,  witneaseth : 
ntiat  said  A.  B.  has  for  some  time  past  bean 

::WtJa^roVJ:inrJi'!i''JLL~™'^^^^^^ 
..^^•:Jirf.?;\;i'er„tr^^^^^^^^^ 

anreenaenu  hereinafter  conuined. 
..ir*''!l*"''V**'P'?"'*  •PPmiaemant  has  been 

!lr7„1?":":  'S'^  ""*•"?•;  *''•  *•"»•  of  which  i« 
-  dollars,  and  entersd  in  two  receipt  booke. 
and  la  aubecribed  by  both  of  aald  partlai.  each  of 
whom  retain  cuatoay  of  one  of  aild  book" 
-.I-*/ •"'*  ^\Pr  •"•['  •*"'*"«  ^ha  tarm  of  live 
«M  _'^?"'""w''  !"^'.'  '•"=  ''"'«  "'■  ">i»  agreement).  If 
aald  partfea  ahall  llvs  ao  long,  trade  with  Mid 
Mock,  mansgs  and  ImDrove  %,  eameT in  euch 
mannur,  heweyer,  ae  eald  A.  B.  shall  diract : 

.r.J^HWl!!2f  I'^t"?*  •"««•■  Which   now 

are  or  ahall  hereaitar  be  impoaed  upon  aaid  C.  D 
on  account  of  said  house  and  trade. 

■•  To  pay  said  A.  &  or  hia  assigns,  yaarly  and 
every  year  durlnf  said  term  of  Av«  yw%,ff^i 
partiea  ahall  live  so  long,  one  clear  wmnity  or 

yearly  aiim  of doltars,  without  any  aSat^ 

msnt  or  deduction  whaUoever.  ' 

>„~o  ."*taln  tha  overplus  and  proflta  which 
shall  ariaa  from  trade  .^nd  dealing  for  hUown 
eoleusa»ndbane«t,na  a  recompense  and  sani 
faction  for  hia  cara  and  troubteMn  the  manatrZl 
ment  and  aala  of  aald  stock.  manage- 

And  tha  aaid  C.  D.,  In  consideration  af  tha 

care  anf  manaaemeot  of  aaid  stock  «Fade  and 

IHSSrS?*!?"  j*W&  Md  dispose  of  tha  mona? 
which  ahaU  ariaa  from  tha  aala  thereof,  and  S 

Tll^u%*n*.^?*'  'L"*"*y  'opoaed  In  him. 
a  Jrt^I^.fc-lL."'^'  "!."■?  "ompleta  and  perfect 
^^!*Jt^  ^i?  proper  booka  of  account  of  all 
joodoartd,  lUl  moneys  nald  and  recelvedby  hli; 
« trSSsS.  Inspwited  by  said  A.  B. 

Thatontba dayof .ofaachyeardurt-s  * 

Mid  C  n.  ahaU  take  a  fnlT  account  of  said  8to«.M 
MJ-i,  ~M  delTverthe  ■^va*  to  aald  ^Lb"  and 

«ii,.  h^i?II!!i*?*  ^*  •«>•  condition  therao? 
h.r^tlii  .1^  «»ot,dni  ."i  said  term  of  Are  years, 
buy,  aqll,  or  In  «nv  mannsr  dMi  or  traCr  -^  >2 
own  nama  or  t!.*i  jf  any  pera^  aiJs  v4  .  "JuT. 
B^nor  do  a  ,y  K.:t  whataoeyer  whitrcr  j    ,aJd 

"•bla  to  attachment  or  aaecation.  •      • 

TIiatattbeesplraMonofaaidtermofttY-  /uara 

aald  C.  D.  aUli  SeUver  up  to  said  ™  R  tti  .'SS 

S!15I2^°*'i"*?.'*'»  •.*'»  "^  Md  beneftMo 
the  value  of- —  dollara }  louea  by  bad  debta.  da- 

MDtod  '"^^        "^^^  iMvitobfe  twtudtiM!  it 

ui  wStneaa  whereof,  etc. 

CMitnMt— VRrtar  Walla. 

stS$J.Si"'Ji:  ■•'•*•  •*'»•'  of  the  lot  end 
atprahotiaa,  No. ,  on atreet,  in  tha  town 


It 
4t 


'V.SiteK^Jl^^-4v*S*-4J(Wiy.«i;^       ' '"'rUf  |1>T|)jMMHfBn( 


^"^IKCMMMMlB^MgBAiiffjflKiJtte^^^^ 


I 


•5« 


Oair<"«iACT8.' 


fw-M''  ft  tba  lot  adjotr' 


That  ttta  C.  D.  It  tt 
Ina  th«  Mins  on  iha  nrr'ft  a«*i«i  Ja^'rvrf, 

lW«t  Mid  «'.  D.  It  •■■'.  J.  I  J  Wil -t  (d  *J 

he«««  upon  <  <id  latt-nvir-jiti  ioit. 

T^l!tt  In  tb'  traction  of  <«*I4  ttsrahobaa  tlia  ««'•; 
C  i;.  ahall  MM  tha  norti  -all  of  tha  ttorahouM 
ef  Mid  A.  B.  It!  tha  purpok  j  of  a  party  wall. 

">j(»t  In  corsl«lflrr»'on  of  tht  »"im  of dollart 

All*  if-  (Ipt  of  whlcti  >«  hcraby  acknewU Jgad,  Iha 
«(«i.«  f^.  D.,  or  hit  Itftl  rtprttantatlvist,  thtll  and 
k'ljiy,  'I'taiy  and  lawfully,  I'  a  -vorkmaallka  man- 
nar.  •calia  uoa  of  and  contiuua  Ika  m*  -vi  aald 
waf;  «.v>  a  om  .,  wall  f;  tvar. 

Th>.'  !f  It  uali  »'«'r««lr4'ba«oma  nasawviy  to 
npai.  u<  r«l  rild  •  .,'  po  «»»"  of  t«t<i  j*rtj'  \« ;i»:j, 
tha  tapantn  .»/  tit  >'  ri-nilrli.*  .i-  mt  ...;•!<>*  '..♦s'l 
ba  borna  aaiv:>lly  'i^  tatd  A.  ^.  kai>  i^-.  ti.  -v  ttittr 
racT'^aantatlKriiot  u.  tlgnt. 

Thatwhtn.5»ar  <««d  party  -^tl  oranypartioa 
tharaof  ahall  ii-i  rtl'  .it  It  4>>«U  iit  artctad  on  tha 
aama  apot  wbara  It  now  ttanda,  and  b«  of  tha 
aama  alia,  and  tha  aama  or  almllar  roatatlala,  and 
•f  llha  ouallty,  with  tha  pratant  wall. 

That  thit  agratmant  ahall  ba  ptrpatual,  arl  at 
all  timta  conttrutd  aa  a  covtnant  runnlna  wlt:j 
tha'land.and  tii-t  no  part  of  tha  fta  of  tha  toll 
upon  which  tha  s»  «li  or  aald  A.  B.  now  atanda 
ahall  pata  to  or  ba  vMttd  In  aald  C.  D..  hit  haira 
or  MMgna. 

la  witnaaa  wh?  .?s<f,  ate. 

for  torm  of  Ac  v     w'  ■ooMiirr  taa  that  Utl«. 

€•■««»«>.  ~9mw%w  WiOl*. 

Thia  acraamant.  t.i  ,  witaeaaath : 

That  aald  A.  B.  la  v>i«  ownar  and  In  poaaaaalon 
af  a  cartala  lot  (•«■  pared)  of  greuad  utuatad  In 

,  aad  daacrlbcd  av  foUowa,  to  wit  (dtteriHnf 

it  ty  mtUt  »nd  itmmdt). 

That  aald  C  D.  la  this  awaar  aad  la  poaaaa^on 
of  a  aartaia  lot  («rp8fuj)  of  groand  Atuatad  In 

.adjolnlaf  tha  proparty  of  A.  B ,  aforaMld, 

and  daaaribad  aa  foUowa,  to  wit  (Jticritini  U  m 


That  A.  8.  ahall  iu»i*  notuu  A.  B  >k»ilJ*\ 
'tt<at  In  caoaldtratlen  iharaaf,  C.  D.  thall  pay 
TtAi  A.  B. dellara,  aa  foUowa  (ilatt  Umt,  fliu  t. 


). 

That  aald  A.  B.  baa  aractad  («r  It  about  to  trcco 
oa  hla  awn  pramiaaa  afaraaaid,  and  along  tha  dl- 
vialon  Una  of  tha  abova  maationad  lota  («r  prem- 

hnta  brlcli  buUdlng la  langth, ; —  ttorita 

hign.  aad  —  from  tba  front  of  aald  pramiaaa, 
alCaj  atG« 

That  aald  C.  D.,  and  hla  lagal  ronraaanutlvtt  or 
aaaigna,  ahall  at  alt  ttmaa  hataaftar  (»r  ihcruricr; 
hava  tha  fuU  Ubarty.  right,  and  privitaga  of  Join- 

Inc  to  aald wan,  abova  and  balaw  tha  aurfaca 

oTtho  grona4,and  alonjf  thawboto  oranvpart 
of  tha  laagth  of  aald  wall  any  bulidinc  which  ha 
or  hla  lt«al  rapraaantativaaar  aaaigna  may  aaa  At, 
or  hava  oceaataa  t»  aract,  and  foraaM  purpoaa  to 
alnk  Joiatt  lato  aald  wall  —  lachaa  In  dapth.  but 
no  furthar.  aad  t«  uaa  aad  aolay  aald  waH,  or  any 
part  tharaof,  aa  wall  aa  aU  buUdinga  by  tham 
aractwd.  .   . 

Provldad,  howavan  that  bafora  woceadlog  to 
Join  any  othor  buUdinga  ta  aald  wall,  and  baTort 
mahlng  aay  aaa  tharaof,  ^  braaklnc  Into  tha 
■  aama,  aald  C.  D.,  bia  lagal  rapraaanuByaa  or  aa- 
algoa,  abaU  pay.  or  aacnra  to  ba  paid,  to  aald  A. 
B.,  or  hla  lagal  rapraaantatlvaa  or  aaalcnt,  oof 
baU  valua  of  tha  aald  %vbII,  or  ao  much  tbaraef  aa 
ahai>  balolnad  9tmtt  aa  afbraaaid  (which  valur 
thall  be  tmxtd  and  »  .  .■  1  by  — ,  «r  at  tht  nta  of 
—  dollart  per , 

la  witaaaa  whar  < 

CtNIIMte''''  -trtilllil'M— — t  •<•• 
.'  !mi>tr  •     Irrmt  mmd  Amtmmt. 
<    Tbl.  ag-.'4»   .''^'vS^-aaaaath: 

That  A."  t..{ia»Hngwlmt*hmtth*4im). 

That  A.  '.  4  u  ;»  y  aaid  A.  B.  thoraftia  tba 
awn  of—  :.  -arviaa  fBnow8,«tc.  (ti»ifi^Urwu, 
l^ts,mtid*ma'-    ■>fpprmfe). 

That  la  an  !•/■»':  '•hall  tbla  •«.  tameat  b«  al- 
tarad,  niadiCv'^ ,  v. ..  *'  'ywlaa  ar  perticoUur  varied, 
aieapt  by  In.iM.-.  --<  ttaaraen  by  writing  an- 
nasad  thatata.  (SSgmd)  A.  B. 

Datad .  CO. 

AijA*     vi^rftr  PajmtHt. 
Thiaagraamaat,  bbtwaen  A.  B.  and  C  D. .  raada 
tbla day  of ,  A.  D. ,  wltneaaaa : 


■  r»|  mm  awNw^w  \a««"< 


A.  B. 
CD. 


<'Mitra«t— IN)rtorBi«B*a.  •••. 

Ptr/»rmam*  /*r  Ptr/trmmm*. 

Tbla  agraamant,  batwaan  A.  B,  and  C.  D.,  madt 
thia day  of ,  A.  D. ,  witnaaaaa ! 

That  A.  B.  ahall  (tUI*  Ikt  mijttt-mtur ,  «r  »h 
itst  tftk*  arrMmunf). 

That  C.  D.,  In  coaaldaratloa  tharaof,  ahall  (ktr. 


tMt  wkmt  C.  D.  iluUliU  *r p*nr0rm). 

«;— tr»at— Fwrafc— . 


A.B. 
CD. 


ThIa  agraamant,  ate,  wltaaaaatb : 

That  aald  A.  B.  ahall!  aall  to  aald  C.  D.  aU  tht 
cordwood  that  ahall  coma  from  all  traaa  now 
growing  aad  ataadkag  onacart'ta  piaoaof  rough 

S round  altuatad  In ,  and  daaaribad  aa  foUowt, 
>  wit  (dttrttit^  il  tf  mtUt  mad ktumtltv 
That  aald  A.  B.  aball  parmit  and  tulTar  aald  C. 
D.  I  at  hla  own  coat  and  axpanaa,  to  cut  aald  cord- 
wood  aad  convart  it  Into  charcoal  In  tha  nortn- 
waat  corner  of  aald  land,  and  for  that  purpoae  to 
uaa  tha  turf  and  earth  la  aald  comer,  but  not 
elaawhara,  and  tbaraaitar  to  Uke  and  can^  away 
aaid  wood  ao  coavertad  into  charcoal  from  off 
aald  pramiaaa  tba  moat  canvaaiaat  way  leading 

ta  tha road. 

That  aald  C.  D.  abaU,  on  or  bafara  the  — -  dav 
af («r  In  cbarooal  at  — -  par  buihcl,  «r  in  cord- 
wood  at  —  ptr  cord,  etc.,  tie.),  pay  aald  A.  B 

therefor  at  tba  rata  of aanta  par  cord  for  all 

aaid  wood  ao  ant,  ta  ba  maaaarad  at  tba  cutting 

tharaof,  and  aa  aaaaunt  made  every during 

the  time  tba  aaaae  la  being  aut  aad  coavertad  at 
afbraaaid. 
That  aald  C  O.  aball  commanea  aald  eatting 

on  or  bafbro  tha day  of ,  aad  campleu 

the  aama  oa  ar  bolbra  tba day  of  — ,  aad  to 

have  converted  tba  aama  Into  charcoal  or  otber- 
wlee,  ao  aa  to  hava  fVilly  ramoved  from  eald 
premlaaa  aa  ar  bafora  tba  — —  day  of—  aaat. 

BfSmrmiytMfy. 

Thia  agraameiit,  ata^  wltaaaaetb  t 

ThatX  a.  of—.  &  D.,  af .  aad  B.  r..  of 

— ,  or  aomo  ena  of  tham,  ahall  nurcbaaa  alt  aat 

tract  or  parcel  af  land  tltuatad  In  ——,1a , 

aaw  awaad  aad  ia  poaaaaaian  of  O.  H. 

That  If  any  aaa  or  mara  of  aald  parttae  aball 
purebaaa  add  land,  that  each  and  avary  aaa  of 
aaid  partlea  ebatt  fmf  Ilia  raapactiva  propartioB 
af  tba  portbaaa  aanay. 

That  an  ebargaa  and  aapaaaaa  rtiaU  ba  bam* 
by  tacb  of  aald  partlaa  In  amwl  aropertlaaa. 

That  aaab  Bwebaaa  abd  ba  Ibr  tba  Mat  aad 
a^ual  baoaSt  of  oMb  af  aodd  partiaa  (aod  coaviycd 
in  their  Joittl  namaa). 

Tliat  tiia  PI 
not  aaeaad  tai 

In  witaaaa  wlmt^pf.  ate. 

CMitfaM  -»— — lji»Mi«»». 

KmU  SHmIt  AuSgntd. 

Tbla  agraamant.  ate.,  wltaaaaatb  1  

That  aald  A.  B.  by  aa  agraamant  wltb  «M  C  D. 

(of — ).baaaliut  data  tba dayaf .agreed 

to  coevair  to  lAa  a  eaiitain  tract  af  laad  altaatt, 
etc  (r^trnv  tl>*  4$Krit^tmfinm  «l#>r*Mr  4vr«r- 

That  aaid  A.  a,  ^  aa  agraamaM  wHb  aaid  B. 
r.,  coatraetad  ibr  tha  atoctiaB  af  a  baUdiag  on 
aald  Und  for  a  consideratiea  of  ana  tlUMiaand 
doUara,  (Iv^  bitndrad  dotlafa  tbataaf  ta  ba  paid 
ai>  moatlM  from  tba  data  of  aald  biiildtng  coa- 
tract,  aad  the  r«maindar  la  riz  moatlM  alter  the 
complettoa  af  aald  buttdlng. 

That  aaid  C.  D.,  by  aa  aaMmmont  baaria(  even 
data  with  tlM  day  and  year  af  tiM  agraaoMat  laat 
mantlonad,  aaclgaad  all  bla  title  and  iattraat  In 
and  rigbta  nader  tlM  agraamant  Arat  abava  man- 
tloaed  to  eald  C  D.  aa  c^tataral  aacurlty  Car  ttie 
punctual  parfcrmaaea  of  aaid  buUdlag  eantract. 


Tbat'tiia  purebaaa  maiMy  tar  aaid  fauid  abaU 
«  aom  «f  Ave  thaaaand  dallara. 


of- 


hartaf,  C.  D.  ■hall  pay 
'ollttwa  (itat4  limt,  flu,  t, 


A.  ■. 
CD. 


A.B. 
CO. 


Ptr/»rm»mt*. 
in  A.  B.  and  C.  D. ,  madt 

,  wttnaaaaa : 

tk»  itUijnt-mtMtr,  tr  0I'- 

itloa  tharaof,  alMll  (ktrt 
t»r/trm). 

rltaaaMth : 

•II  to  aiUd  C  D.  all  tha 
na  from  tM  traaa  now 
a  cart  '->n  plaaa  of  rouf  h 
id  daaarlbod  •■  foUewi, 
1*1  »adtMuult). 
irmit  and  auirar  aald  C. 
Rponaa,  to  cut  aald  cerd- 

0  ehareoal  tn  tha  nortn- 
•nd  for  that  purpoaa  to 
io  aald  comar,  but  not 
r  to  Uka  and  carnr  away 

Into  charcoal  from  off 
convaalaat  way  loading 

n  or  bofora  tha  — r  day 

—  par  buahcl,  «r  in  conl- 
:,,  ««e.).  vmy  aald  A.  B 

—  aanta  par  cord  for  all 
naa— rod  at  tho  euttlag 
mado  ovory  —  dartag 
■I  aut  and  ooevortod  ai 

commoneo  oaid  eatting 
ijr  of ,  and  camplata 

1  —  day  of ,  aad  to 

I  Into  chai«oal  or  otbar- 
illy  ramovod  from  aald 
I- — day  of aoat. 


Hlaaaaathi 

D.,of  • — ,  and  B.  P..  of 

I,  ahaU  ourcliaaa  all  that 

Atttatad  In  -— ,  la  — . 

•alon  of  O.  H. 

tra  of  aald  parttoa  ahall 

t  aadi  aad  avary  oao  of 

la  f«apoctl««  prepoctioB 

a«panaaa  ahall  fea  ban* 
II  amwl  proportloaa. 
Iu3  ba  lor  tho  Mat  and 

(aodcoi 


nldpartlM( 


[conveyed 


MM*  for  aald  iaad  ahall 
ra  neaaand  dollar*. 

«• 

t  Attigittd. 
witaaaaatti : 

Craomaat  with  •••  C  D. 
a  —  day  of  — — ,  agraad 
Ob  traat  oT  Iaad  alfiiau, 
m,firtm  tk»fanmr  agrt- 

agraaoMatwMiaaid  S. 
foetiaa  o7  a  bnUdlac  on 
tatloa  of  oiM  dMuaaad 
lUaia  tharaof  ta  ba  paid 
kilo  of  aai4  buUdlac  coa- 
r  la  ala  atontha  aflar  the 


CONTRACTS. 


^  jootbaariagavan 
Mur  of  tha  aaraamoat  taat 
M*  litla  and  laMraat  In 
VMBoat  Arat  abava  mon- 
AKataral  aacurlty  Ibr  the 
r  aald  buikUaf  cantract. 


hiTi!!  "  ••'*  *■  ?  •*••"  WthfUlly  perform  all 
hie  agraementa  and  covananle  with  , aid  By  ,„ 
and  .oncernlng  a.,d  building  contract,  then  "Laid 
a.  w.  eriall  rcaMlgn  and  set  ov«r  al  the  Intereet 
hf  ha.  acquired  In  eaid  premUe.  by  virtue  of  mM 
•••iRnmeiit  from  eald  C.  D. 

That  In  case  of  default  or  nonperformance  of 
any  or  all  the  condition*  and  provl.lon"  of "aTd 
building  contract,  then  aald  t.V.  el'all  becSma 
abeolutalv  eeleed  and  poaaaaaed  of  aa Id  premieM 

Provided,  however,  lliat    if  ..id  C.   O.   .hal 

B.  r.  Iha  amount  or  amounu  due,  or  performanca 

srvVhlir^r.^!""  "•  ?"• "",»'««-  «wth"e '.iw 

Mid  CD.  """■"  ""•*  «'•"•'•'  ••»<»  premlaaa  to 
In  '-/Itnaao,  etc. 

C°*MtriM(-4MU«. 

_.,  QfAnimaU. 

ThiV ••rnr'S''  V  •  wi«n««Mth ; 

rnat«ald  A.  B.,  for  tha  conalderatlon  herein, 
after  mentioned,  .h.ll  ..n  ,nd  deliver  on  the  ~ 

day  of next,  to  .aid  C.  D.,  at  hla  atora  In 

»"•>""«•  •' '»"!  yw  old  oaen"  *"• '" ' 

_.M!^*  £•  ".•' '"  «on«ldarotlon  thereof  ahall 
wild  w?-  ■•  ""*'  "'"'"•  "l^"  »*•  "•"vary  of 

In  witaaaa  whereof,  etc. 

_. ,  Gttura/  ftrm. 

Thia  agreement,  made  thia day  of A 

D. ,  jetween  A.  B.  (of ,  f.rmtrl,  and  C.  D.' 

"Ji-rr-  "'.•"v*'*"*'  wltnaaaoth : 
k  !J"V"*'"  *•  ■•  <'."  cnneideration  of  ihe  .nceaMnl 
h.reli»fk«r    con..ii,.d,  10    b.  p«rfonned    by™  D  ) 
■greee  to  eell  and  deliver  to  tho  aaW  C.  fc.ral  hU 

•torehouaa    ..  (k*r*  ,^ify  ikt  goid,    tkHr 

9>^i^^j»tUUy),,>m  or^Kratha  —  JajTSf 

tjilil  ff'l*^-  Ru^L"  'i2~l*>««lo«  themof)  agraaa 

per  — -  Ibr  tha  aald ,  Immadiatalv  unan  >h. 

co«pl.t:on  of  the  delivery  SirMft      '^ "''~°  •"• 
witaaaa  our  handa,  thia day 


•sr 


rof- 


-,  A.  D. 

A.B. 
CD. 


OMtarMrt-«Ml«. 

That  arid  A.  B.  aad  hia  wllb  W. ,  on  tha dav 

of  — -,  aaacutod  a  mortgaga  and  a  bo" d  baarin> 
van  ^ato  thjrowith,  to  aald  C.  D..  far  thj  our? 

j^ra-ia-r-'dr^T^r-iHS^J 


wiSi  tta  ■2Sl-«'2rT!li2.*"4l*«'«*»  thereunder 

l.2?Mia?JJlf!;1S^a»»  •'  tha  pram. 
weot^Miiaay  orcaaaatebaaald  antoaauc  D 

teV'S'^  •IIKlSl*'"^  i»u.r»-»"« 

aSddtaMlJi  «»  h511**SL"«^  «*•  •"•cutlof/i 

ZlSL?^"'^"*?*'"  •"»  **»•  "Qual  aoniMl  oav. 
mytafram  iha  data  haraof.  wSST-r^' JJK; 


-.i!?^JL*^  *u'-  ••'•"t  "  My  timo  Prior  to 
aald  Maiaa  afraod  apoa,alact  to  aav tfaawhai. 

on, ha ahaU hava  flia right  ae  to  do. and aoldC 
D.  .h^BjdlMrty,'5on  aald  oSymJS.'SSni 

Id  witaaaa  wharoof.atc. 
Thia  agroamant  wita**i«*«> 


ti  Jn'l'd  ^i.P.r  li,.'  ""•'•••'••tlon  hereinafter  man- 
IlfJ!  ,1.     •"  ••'!  '"*  dallver  to  C.  D.,  free  of  all 

Slid  vt  ^u-g  ;r.;.77.''^^.d°'c7o:  tei-eS'  5 

whole  to  be  delivered  onor  before  .hVral?'i;:mJd 

unT5'ia*;d'A''B".h*'"'V'"!l."  «»>««of.  ahall  pay 

il..:£-i         '!■  .?■   ther.for  tha  eum  of  oer 

buehel.  one-half  to  be  paid  in  .uch  good.  warVa 

oi'b'e'4f.h°e',ir„:l;"n.M"J:f.^"'  '"  "••»•  •» 

In  wlineea  whereof,  etc. 

rontrnrt-HMila. 

Thit  !!m  A"t"'v**S  •,«''»neeaath : 
i»  »I"  '"'"  ^-  *•  •••■"•  fcrthe  conalderatlon  here. 
1h'?;I;'".'"*'';''*"'i"""'"'  convey  unto,,id  CD 

"ijSl'"'*  ''«««"•<>  unriexed).  '      P^' 

turea.  atoch  in  trade,  chattel.,  aid  affietl   and 
j^va  poaaaaoion  tharaof  to  aald  C  D. ,  It  the  „?1« 

!sy.?S4wr«j,.-:ijK3,;:;a'x.'S 

a  eum  of  money  at  which  aald  prooertv  !?■»! 
pralaad  aa  aforaaald.  property  la  ap- 

In  witnaaa,  etc. 

Vmntnk«t-4tmM*. 

Thil'AM*T*S''  ?*«••  w'tneaeeth : 

?h.M  SwWTS  iir.?;r:::i;.';i.e"?-w?'o? 

P'.M'^cro'^ntVtil.'^i"^^^^^^ 
ofh^r^'  ""^  "•'•»•  '»  U'-Ti.nc.'lfitc'h 
lliat  aaid  A.  B.  ohall  pay  for  the  aama  >>  >k. 

fM  r a^v5ror%?Sa1-.5id*S:S 

to^.S8^'a^*i;u^v;t*-aaTMStSS''5KSr 

».Jt  WA-S^^^^^^^  -^'n 

In  witaaaa  wharaol,  otc 

^.®»"«w^»-B»la. 

Thi'.!RiT'i?'';*?;'  *?.»'»^«th : 
r    n   Ji!i?i  ^-  ■•  •5*"  ••"  to  ••«<«  C.  D.,  and  aaid 

•tore  oceupiad  by  him.  on  to?^i"i!:!.«S^gi; 


W"^ 


OONTRACT*. 


tarnar  of  —  «B<i •»#•»•,  In  *•  t»wn  of , 

toctthar  wtth  all  furnltura  and  Aituraa  iharatn  I 
tiid  alao  alt  ■ood*.  waraa,  marchandiM,  grain, 
mtata,  v«g«i<ibUa,  and  produca  of  •v«ry  """JJ 
and  niit  irt  bouahi  or  contractad  for  by  tha  aald 
A.  B.  s'lJ  lnt*iid(J  for  aal*  In  aald  grocary. 

That  tha  »tocli  of  gooda,  waraa,  and  marthan- 
diaa  la  to  ba  Invantorlad  to  aald  C.  D.  at  th«  orlg- 
laal  coal,  without  Including  tranaportatlon  aa- 
panaaa,  daducting  any  dapraclallon  on  Mcounl 
ofdomaga,  waar  or  taar.  .    ,,  ^    . 

That  ina  furnltura  and  Aaturaa  ahall  ba  Invan- 
lorlad  at  thalr  fair  eaah  valua  by  tha  partlaa  to 
Ihia  acraamant,  and  If  thay  cannot  agraaaa  to 
Mch  valuation,  or  tha  daductlona  aforaaa  d,  tha 
«ama  ahall  ba  datarminad  by  the  appralaal  of  B. 
r.,  Q.  H.,  and  I.  K..  or  any  two  of  tham. 

that  tha  grain,  maata,  vagaubUa,  and  produca 
ahaU  ba  Involcad  at  thalr  original  coat. 

That  aald  Invotoaa  and  Invantoriaa  ahall  ba  com- 
platad  within  tan  daya  from  tha  data  haraof,  and 
Iha  proparty  abova  apaclftad  tharaupon  Iromadl- 
atalv  dallvarad  to  aald  C  D.  . 

That  aald  C.  D.,  In  conaldaratlon  4f  aald  pram- 
laaa,  ahall  aaacuta  and  daHvar  aald  A.  B.ln  tiau 
r.f  tha  purchaaa  monay  lor  aald  proparty,  and  In 
lull  paymant  tharafor,  hia  promiaaorv  notaa,  In 
auch  aanraral  auma  aa  aald  A.  B.  ahall  dlract, pay 

abia  at  tha bank, ,  al«  montha  aftar  data, 

with  InUfoat  at  tha  ratt  of par  cant,  par  an- 
num, ate.,  ate.  (and  Induraad  by  E.  *  ,»' ."t  » 

That  aald  A.  B.  ahall  not.atanytlmahartBrter, 
angaga  directly  or  Hdiraetly,  ot  concern  hlmaelf 
In  the  carrying  on  or  conducting  the  grocery  buai- 
naea  within  one  mite  of  tha  aald  premleee. 

That  the  etlpulatlona  aforaeald  are  to  epply  to 
and  bind  the  heira,  esacutora,  and  admlnlahratora 
of  the  reepectlve  partlaa.  and  In  caaa  of  failure 
aald  partlae  bind  themealvea  each  to  the  other  In 

the  eura  of dollar*,  aa  Aaad  and  aattled  dam- 

ame,  to  be  paid  by  the  falling  pwty. 

In  witneaa  whereof,  etc. 

C*Mtr«Mi— tale. 

dr»  H»rn. 

Thlaagreement,  etc.,  witneaeath; 

That  aald  A.  B.  ahall  aelt  'o  aald  C.  D.,  and  aald 
C.  D.  ahall  jpurehaaa  of  aal"  h.  B.,  hIa  dark  bay 
koraa.eu.  (mtUtng  »thir  fo^^  *  tf  dttcrtttum),»nd 
to  warrant  aald  horaa  to  ba  wall  broken,  kind, 
and  gentte,  both  under  the  eaddte  and  la  alngte 
and  double  harnaaa.  to  ba  aound  In  every  reapect 
and  fire*  tnm  every  vice,  for  the  eum  of  on*  hun- 
dred doliara,  to  be  paid  by  utd  C.  D.  on  the  -— 

day  of n«at,wh«n  aald  bora*  ahall  b*  d*Uv^ 

md  to  aald  CD. 

In  wtta**a  whereof,  etc. 

C«M*nMt-B«l«. 

Kml  HtliU*. 
Thto  MraMnent,  etc.,  wltnteaath !  • 

That  A.  B.  (of ),  In  eonaideratioB  of  the  aum 

of dollar*  now  pAld.  and dollar*  to  ba 

Kid  when  a  d**d  to  aMcutad,  ahall,  on  tha  — - 
y  of neat,  aall  and  convey  unto  C.  D.  (of 

-— ),  hta  heir*  and  a**^  na,  rMl  aetata  altuated  In 

^^aad  daaoriba<i  aa  lbllowa,te  wlti  UtteriUng 

A),  together  with  all  th*  ■ppttrt*MMC**  tbaraunto 

*^'S5d"!L.  (Sigmd)         A.B. 

CD. 
Cowtwwt   B1«. 

/Em/  Bftati. 

Thi*  affr**ment,  etc. ,  wittioaaath  \ 

That  aald  A.  B. ,  fer  tb*  eoiwidfratlon  heratnaf- 
t*r  m*ntionad,  ahall,  by  good  snd  lawful  daeda, 
wall  and  auffidentlv  n*Dt,  bargain,  aall,  eoBV«y, 
and  aaaure  unto  MtdC.  D.,  hIa  halra and  a**icna. 
In  fa*  almple,  free  of  all  Incumbrancaa,  all  that 

part  and  parcel  of  land  eltuat*  In ,  and  bounded 

and  daacrlbed  aa  foUowa :  (htrt  ttttcvii*  ikt  prim- 
Un  if  mHtt  mnd  ttutiM). 

That  aald  C.  D.,  in  conaldaratlon  tbareef,  ahall 
wall  and  truly  pay  or  cauae  to  ba  jpald  to  aald  A. 
B.,  hto  aaacutora,  admlntotratora,  or  oa^n*,  th* 
aum  of dellara,  in  tha  miinnar  following,  vli. : 

—  dollar*  on  th*  ea«cutlon  of  thla  agvaamant. 
dollar*  on  th* day  of neat. 

—  dollar*  on  ttta day  of n*M. 


Th*  remaining  —  dolUr*  on  tha  - —  day  *f 
neat. 

That  aald  auma  of  monay  unpaid  ahall  bear  In- 

lareal  at  tha  rata   "f per  cant,  per  annum 

from  Cat*  until  paid. 

That  tha  payniant  of  aald  aavaral  auma  of 
monay  ahall  b*  a  eondlUon  pr«cadea|  to  tha  aaa- 
cutlon  and  delivery  of  Iha  daeda  of  coavayaa..* 
aforaeald. 

In  witneee,  eu. 

«%M«rM«>t— BmI*. 

RmI  fCit»tt. 

Thla  agreement,  etc. ,  witneeaath  i 

That  aald  A.  B. ,  for  the  conaldaratlan  hereln- 
eftar  mentioned,  ahall  aell  and  iionvay  to  eald  C. 
D.  all  that  part  and  parcel  of  land  altuated  la 
,  aa  known  and  deelgnatad  on  the  recorded 

?itet  of  aald ,  aa,  etc.  (Jttcritiitg  II  a€t0rd»nf  I* 
k*  rtctrtt)  ....  . . 

That  aald  A.  B.  ahall  execute  and  deliver  to  eald 
C.  6.  a  warranty  dead  containing  the  uaual  cove- 
nant* of  warranty,  that  aald  premle«e  are  fVee, 
clear,  and  diacharged  of  and  from  all  and  every 
incumbrance  whataoaver.  .... 

That  aald  C.  D.,  In  conaldaratlon  thereof,  ahall 
pay  eald  A.  B.  the  aum  of  doliara,  aa  fol- 

'  dollar*  upon  the  eaecutlon  and  daUvary  of 

aald  deed.  ^.  ...  ^        » 

doliara,  payable  at ,  on  tha day  of 

neat. 

dollare,  payabto  at ,  on  the day  of 

neat.  .   . 

Aald  paymenta  to  ba  aacured  by  promiaaorv 
noue  for  the  aame,  bearing  Intareet  at  tna  rata  of 

per  cent,  per  annum,  wblch  nelea  anall  ba 

aacured  by  a  mortgage  on  aald  pramlaita. 

That  If  any  default  ba  made  In  fulAllIng  thla 
agreement,  or  any  part  thereof,  eald  A.  B.  or  hto 
lagal  repraaenutlvea  may  conalder  thto  agree- 
mcnt  of  no  affaet  and  annaltod.  and  dtopoaa  of 
aald  land  or  otherwiee,  aa  though  thla  agreement 
had  never  been  eaacutad. 

In  yyitoaaa,  iM. 

RnU  StUHt—fitrm  and  MiU  Prt^trtf. 

Thto  agreement  mad*. etc..  witneeaath  i 

That  aald  A.  B.  ahall,  for  tha  conaldaratlon 

hereinafter  mantioaed,  grant.  aaU.  and  convey 

unto  aald  C  O.,  hto  halra  and  oeetona  feravwr,  th* 

following  d**crib*d  real  aaute,  Mtuated  In  -—-, 

tn county,  and  Biata  of .  daaeribad  a*  fol- 

lowe  (JftrUinr  Ik*  ttutu  tf  m*t*$  •ml  ttmth). 

To  have  and  to  hoM  the  aame,  together  with 
the  tenement*,  buildinge.  and  thdr  ajppurta- 
nancee,  gooda,  ehattato,  and  effMte,  aa  foUowa, 

"ona  dwalllnc-hott**  (AwWMv  A),  «og*tb*r  with 
all  furniture,  laturaa,  oppoi*!,  ate. ,  ilMeribAd  tn 
the  echedul*  hereunto  annaaad,  mai  k  sd  "  A.  ' 

One  grtot  mlB  (dutrMag  A),  together  with 
aU  toafi,  machinaty.  BstuN*.  ftarnltur*.  •te., 
d**crib*4  In  th*  *eh*duto  b*r*uqto  ana*a*d. 

On*  *aw  mlU  (ditcriihir  iff,  tagMhor  wlt«  oU 

"^O^^A^mmtd^mriH^  «),  tog*th*r  wtth 
allth*ta*to,*U.(ara'Mw).    ^        ^         .     _„„ 

And  otoo  aU  th*  ffood*.,ebatt*to,  and  •tfoeto, 
growlac  crop*,  Ihrm  ut*a*Ua,  ate.,  Mc,  dM«rib«l, 
Tn  the  achaduto  hareunto  annaaed,  marked  "  B."  I 

That  aoid  C  D.,  In  coMldaratlMi  tharMf.  ahaU 
pay  aald  A.  B.  tha  aum  of doliara,  aa  loUowwf 

.1 doliara  upon  tha  execution  of  thl^  ngt**^ 

m*nt.  ._  ^        . 

doUaf*.  payabto  at ,  on  th* day  of 

•"—  n*at. 

—  doUat*.  payabto  at  — ,  on  th* day  of 

—  n*at. 

Btc.,ate. 

Th*t  oU  *aid  d*fm*d  paym*nu  •hall  bawvl. 
denced  by  th*  proml**ory  note*  of  aald  C  D.. 

bearing  Intaraat  at  the  rate  of per  eant  par 

annum  from  dato  until  Mid. 

That  aald  notaa  ahafl  ha  aMurad  by  a  mort- 
gage given  by  aald  C.  D.  to  aald  A.  B.  upon  aald 
pramiaaa. 


00NTRACT8L 


unp«l4  •hail  b««r  In- 
fiar  cant,  par  Minum 

•Id  aavaral  auma  of 
prccadaal  to  tha  aaa- 
daada  of  «>avayaa>.a 


«/< 

naaaath  i 

conkidarattan  liwtln- 
•nd  itonvay  to  a«td  C. 
il  of  land  alluatad  la 
atad  on  tha  raaordad 
'trUing  it  mec0rdi<tg  U 

uta  and  dallvar  to  aald 
aining  tha  oaual  cova- 
M  pramlaaa  ara  htt, 
nd  flrom  all  and  avary 

iaration  tharaof,  ahall 
f  doltara,  no  fol- 

sutlon  and  dallvary  of 

— ,  OB  tha day  of 

— ,  on  tha day  of 

icurad  by  promlaoory 
Intaraat  at  tn«  rata  of 
wlikh  not^a  anall  bo 
Mid  pramiaaa. 
nada  In  fumillng  thia 
iraof,  aald  A.  B.  or  hia 
r  coaaidar  thla  agroa- 
ullad.  and  dlapoaa  of 
ihaugh  thla  acraamant 


ui  MM  PnftHf. 
•.,wttDaaaothi 
for  tho  eonaldoratloii 
'ant,  Mil,  m4  aeavoy 
nd  aaatcaa  Ibrovw,  tho 

atata,  tltuatad  In , 

r ,  dawiribod  aa  Ibl- 

mttti  «W  fcawiA). 
a  aama,  tof  othor  with 
I,  and  thaw  appurta- 
od  afllMta,  aa  Mliowa, 

HUagU),  toaothor  with 
•ral,  ate. .  tlaaerihod  la 
osad,aai^«d"A." 
i^  »>•  togethar  with 
turaa,  ftirnituro,  ate., 
lo  harouqto  aanaiod, 

r  ai,  tegothtif  wlt4i  aU 

iMv  ft),  tofathar  wHh 

',  ohattala,  and  oSicta, 
lUa,  ate ,  oie. ,  doaertbad 
>mi8a«d,markod"B."l 
IdwattOB  tharaof,  ahalk 
—  doUara.  aa  leUewa;^ 
WGUtlim  of  thi^  agiao^ 

— ,  on  tho ^  day  of 

— -,oik  tha  — day  «f 


paymanu  ahaU  bo  aH- 
y  notoa  of  aald  C  D., 
ita  of por  eoat.  par 

bo  aaettrod  by  a  mart- 
to  aald  A.  B.  apoa  aald 


liaTJ^l^  ta^.?'!,? .•"•"  •"  ♦ha  ma.ntlm.  ba 
by  Mid  e^  D  ^I^A^  'ha  coat  and  a.panM  of  and 

'7?H2l.rt^--•'~^'•••" ''••'- 

ThattSdT  ■'•/'*  •  *'«"•"•«•< ' 
ahalUon  r/  Uf^.'^.'hV^r;;""/'  -"•'onad. 


«f9 


Thla  •Braairant,  mada  thla  day  of- 

D .  sy  ,„d  batwf  an  A.  -       -      ^ 


aMigna.  all  that  t„ci  Of  p7rc~arif7;'„3':,?"";i" 

teh^TaLTiriS&F'"^^^^^^^^^^^ 

wall  andUruly  pai  "r  «u!i*V«'J^"  Vi"""'-  •"•" 
(a  wltaaM,  ate. 

of  gaaaral  warnni.  1'.^        .  •  **'."•  •  «ovanant 

uotU^atSito  SIS"' P«  coat,  par  lOuiuin 

InwItMoo.oto.'^' 


l>aft.  wlinoaaalh  :  •  "'  ""•  •••and 

aacond  pan,  hi.  h,i„  .„/""'."  ••"«.f«r«y  »f  tha 

'th';:-*-.'.-'  -"'-'-" '°fe;:^  '**  '•-" 

"rat  part,  *  aood  and  ...wi,.i.—    '"  P*'*'  "'  «•>• 

aacona  part  (»n  (ml.f.,,,,)."  rV,/-   Tr  ,^T''''  "'  «••• 
fte  •lmp^«,  „f  anil  hi)  all  m„A  .il      ,        '"''•""'"«'',  In 

acrlbai  pranllai.    w i.h  .hi  /"'•'  '^^  '>'«'»•  <••• 
warrant  that  thl".rm.    »''••??«''♦•"•""•.  "nd 

tmnu,  liile*.  chnmr.  ,.•.,.'    ii  ■"  ''""n"  »'"«  "ther 

Sas:::/"""'^'-^ 
«i^rnrM^%°j;?ir.«- rThi  •-»  jr;i?  -- 

{.uj^  wtt.;;:'rnu-H^arb:ra«£ 

tl>«irofM,%;Sald  '••»>'«'y  of  pooMaoloo 


tgrao- 

•t  tSo  .ip,ij„-;rM"/:;Vti"i'f  »:•;■".•»•  '^^ 
I-.iSi'dV^I'ah-Mfe/iSrA^^^^^ 


-Vta'rM^r  •;.?•. «"i^.?>' 


nd  ha  ahan  h«v.  .1..  .i.wM.*'i?y  ?.'* 


That  MM  A   B '  ^•'  r'"*""""" « 
afS  iraSJd.rt5i*^  to'.2!?!|ifW*1?"  •••T*'"- 


tha  daath  ofk.  S  'lii  'Zu'Il  T'"  *■■■■ ^,-.. 


I  follows,  to 


vayanco to  tlioMM &  D*j^.-^5?"*'*"» «•"- 
•ni  ravaraioraSaaaid  "'  *•"  '*«•'«»««•' 

"J!l2o'^aa'A?S'*;„S^^".'?K'^^  «  «". 
Mftlod  and  apwi»adl.t^i?S!S*  •"".•  •»>•"  «»« 
•PMtlvaattOTanl!^^!^^  partlao  and  thair  ra- 

•Kpi^!?S25^7tS?fS2f3'i.'!?l  *""  ••'"»  -' 

"rftiU.  Bow  PQmDSS,,^Str^'         •  ,i 


5:^"p:srM-*^"--^-^5-r.r  a?;  ^sss'o^ 

C  n  i*iL  fcJr         '  ■""  •<'<n'nl«iniioni)  aarM  with 
.T^-5«_?*!f.C.  p.  (for  hl»«,ni. TSi-.  .,«u.o«. 


?"!*.»i»'"'»«»'o");^'w"'fe:;i.'X!'ij.^j;irh3;:' 


executor*  and  adrolnlMnton)  that  1 

z'R?"?*  »«•<>  conveynhca. 
(That  for  the  tnic  anif  biihrnl  perf' 


tha  tlmo  o' 
:  of  ail  a^' 


ifibi 


mSmI 


CONTKACTS. 


yuiQ*  (lull  nul  b« 
— .  ^«  «  — ,  ituin   no 
■UmtwI  kjr  Mid  A.  B. 


m!4  prtiBlM*, 
or  dniruycd  hy 


M«i)raiire 

'      <fiveynnc« 

..,.1   C   D  ,*nd 

eKt.t.1  aurh  Iwur- 

thartlbr  from  *»U 


hi*  or 
!-ln  eon- 

•ihU 


Afpraval  hy  CvuhmL  f 

T*«l  W  thr  cmmwl  .r  Mid  I  l»  tl"*!!  •««  "^ptmM  of 
III*  iiila  "I  rtM  A  11  lu  ••»««  prMBlw*.  «W»  iMltMiMni 
•h«ll  W  void. 

Approval  by  Counul  ■nil  Appr*va<  ky  Bvy^"  on 
VUw,  •«, 
■n»«lln«««««h«':<m.««l"fMld<:  D  .h»llnci<  4(.,m.»«r 
•r  ih«  lilU  ..€  .aid  A.  B  ,  or  In  ct—  Mid  i:    U  ••!» 

it  of.wilinu*  pruCMdInih*  pirhaw   u.<if«.>f, 

»ni  !.  „  ..ihin  on*  momh  from  il»«  d«i'  li«re.rf«i«» 
MItM  In  vilIlM  I  '  •  d  A  h  ihM  ha  will  >•»  pufchMf 
Mid  p«ml«««,  llMn.  ""d  In  »iih«r  f  •«  lh««  prtMirt. 
•hall  'm   ^UoAiwIy  »i>ld,  »n.l  Mid  A     B    ihiilf,  •ilhlii 

n><inih«    ii««i   »imtl"f,   r«|i»jr   or   t»uM  m  b«   r»- 

pnld  iinio  Mid  (.'    D.  i«l«r»um  ..I  dollurt,  pcld  •• 

•riimaid,  liitrtlMr  wtlli  l««»l  ltu»t»«l  for  ih«  ••"«« 
from  ih«  diiM  uf  III  pnyoMnl  until  i^x  <Ui*  "t  iu  r«|>i<  y 

Delay  Of  Dafaull  of  ViHt  Pmrtf. 

Th»l  If  by  r««.i.n  o«  nny  d«l.u  .l«f»uJl  or  n^fkcl  «n 
iIm  |i4  1  of  Mid  A  B.  or  hit  i,  ...«»l  of  imnn.  Mid 
(.>n»«yjn£«  l»  not  rrndy  and  Mn<l<  red     >  Mfd  C    I>   »" 

w  b^urx  uld day  of ,  mKI  \.  n.  •hall  pay 

MM  »;..«  lo  Mid  C    n  InlarMt  for  Mid  (UM  ol 

.  dotlan,  10  ha  eomixitad  fram  iha day  of , 

■mil  iha day  of ,    .  , 

Thai  If  by  rauon  of  any  dalay,  dafuiU  '  >  R«|l«el  on 

Iha  i>art  of  Mid  C    !>  ,  auch  t..ii»mr»«oa  ahalf  i 

antrulcd   on   or   Iwlora   iha  — 

•uch  iniarati  'hall  ba  paid  or 

during  Iha  llaia  of  auch  dalay 

Wrt 

That  In  caae  a'ty  of  ih*  buii 

etanyiw'i  ihariruf.  thall  ba  ■!        _ 

titr   iVie  >d.ni*  ihall  ■■•  rtpalra.)  or  r«b..ilt  aa  toon  iii»r«. 

aW  aa  ixiaalbla,  and  tti  •>  In  tha  maanilma  MI>J  A    B. 

•Ml  say  ilia  lum  uf  -  ?»,  In  llau -rf  mI  '    '   D. 

Maf  dtp'lvcdof  thauK  .f,  aixl  tha  dti«^  »- 

itoaSl  la  audi  rapain  i  "    -  i>uiUUii(. 

In  xiranca. 

TJutt  aald  A     '*    «h.!     in  ili«  . 

hufldtnai  bOy  'I'-        id  an. 

rompanlaa,  •«•,  le  -  <ecuii 

lo  aul(n  all  policies  of  M.iiiinii«.>- 

fiilllng  (0  lo  tinur*,  Mid  C.  D.  »' 

anca,  datli  '  ,ng  ill  i'>i«'«  andchaiu' 

laal  namau  piiymani 

N«»-par^ormanca  by  One  ^alaaaaa  iha  Othar 

Thai  If  <•   bar  party  unall  n  i  «c«  !■>  pc  "■'- 

iMrpMU    I  ihacovananu  •»•!  afncmani 

talnaSt^MB  >'id  In  aiich  caaa  tiooiher  party  ■ 

wIm  1m  eMii|«^l  lo  parform  bit  covcnsnia  u 

mania  or  any  of  ihem  harcin  contuni'd,  but  »l 

own  option  oa  fully  diachargad  from  the  msm. 

'Nrcbaaa  Monay, ate. 

That  aald  C    I    ,  upon  tha  axaeuiliin  of 'lidcnniray- 

ance  according  «t>  ina  Inia  Intent  of  ihit     uraemenl, 

thall  ,.  >v  (  '  cauM  to  ba  paid  iintn  aald  A         \ald  aum 

eir..—.  dollan  Id  Adl,  fwr  li.v  iwrchaae  of  sa>      rcniwa ; 

Ylsaf       Id         P     may  -ei»i         ■  off. 
'Oiiey  iha  •'••«  of  — — ,  for  Mit  •oa«  i  ' 

•  »um  of ,  Mcured  by  «  m.     juga  nn 

•«i  aircn  by  Mid  A  :  (ma  E   R..b««iH  . 

—  day  of .when     >id  »um  ihall  be-.    .. 

ditaaddMttiBaof  »    4  ntongiig 

TltlaPre<     f  Dafaeti,      at. 
Diat  In  oaaa  tha  mio        «■  cann<»  make  out  a  (o<>' 
title  to,  and  aiircuM  a  g.         »nd  valid  coavtyanca  m 

nid  prrTulaaa,  on  nr  hafoi      'h* day  of .  llien 

■aid  Orrtottf «/•  /*#  '■■i*/  Mcmrtd  i  and  ewy  t».i  •  •  Uiara- 
of,  shall  icmiiin  a  jccarlty  to  tai.  '"  B.  for  the  tapay- 
mentiif  tnid  »um  of  — -doliurn  i>»ii!  «•  aforwalii.  to. 
ceiher  with  lawful  Im^-reat  iheraon  until  tha  repayment 
ibaraof. 

Thai  in  addition  thereto,  all  ranla  a*  aald  C.  O  .>^'.iU 
kava  received  out  nf  aaid  premiaaa  ahall  br  illowr-  <y 
Mid  A.  B.  In  part  payment  uf  iha  uma  and  intaraai. 

Waata  and  Undeilettinf. 
That  Mid  C.  D.  »hall  iif '  In  the  meantime  <  -it  down 
any  timber  or  trees,  or  co  »it  jhv  damages  urwasie 
whataver.  In  or  pan  any  ,Mf  '  Mid  premises,  or 
mSt  the  same  to  \t.  dmie,  nor  g  it  any  new  teases  uf 
MMimmue*  or  any  part  thereci  ><'  n  the  consent 
7mMA1B  or  hia  legal  wyrwanu  i  wridns. 


»o«f 

prem- 

:4te  tha 

dHe  by 


ftlMi  »m7c'M^w3t  1W™  *«Mr«Arf, 

rhia  agraemenl,  ate  .  wlWMaaath  1 

Th«i Mtld  A  B. , for thr  -onalrferatlon liaralnaftet 
ntei,  I'jned,  ahall  at.  I  i.  Mid  C  D.  aU  tha  ataek 
•(  a.«a<l*,  waraa  an  )  marchandla*  balaogtna  lo 
aald  A.  b.,  now  in  lli«  Mote,  oeeaptad  by  him 

In  -,  lagelhar  with  ail  fufnltare  and  Halmea 
I >iaraunt«  appertaining,  and  *la«  all  good*.  »  area 
•  ltd  mer<han.illa«  boughl  •^t  euntractad  lor  by 
aaid  A  B  and  i  xnded  to  aald  alore,  together 
with  It  good  ill  of  the  buaJnaaa  haralafofe 
carried      .  ihar«  >>y  aald  A.  V. 

That  »«td  etui:  '  o(  goode.  warea  and  mattham 
dt*«  ahall  be  In /-<ntorlad  by  aaid  A.  ■.  at  "it 
oriM  ..al  toai.  and  eactudlna  all  eaaia  fur  •arrlag* 
or  traneportation,  and  mating  da>.uctlatt  far  dt 
praclatiun  In  value  from  damage,  wear,  tear  o. 
other  f  euaea.  That  all  the  furnltore  and  Batn.  se 
ehallbc      ventorled  et  <halr  fair  caah  valua. 


Thai  a*i.4  Invan'.ity  ahall  h*  compMtad  within 
lale  h«r«".'l,  and  the  property 
•  upon  iin  iiedlataly  d*Hveri.d 


tl. 

I  III. 


at  aiiy  time  haicaftar 
01   bualnaaa   ao^^ 


day 
above  ap^ 
to  aald  C.  U. 

That  •clj  A.  ■.  ahall 
within        -  firom   aald  .    ..        . 

ocaupiad  ly  h)r<     ang..  irectly  or  IndiractI) . 

either  aaagai        rincTpu.  aarvant,  or  otharwiae, 
In  >  arrylnc  on      inducting,  or  ba'r.g  Intaraaiad  la 

^  1  id  bualnaaa  01  .  ,^         .     .    .. 

That  aaldC.  0.,ln(onaldaration  thereof,  •■tall 

pav  said  A.  R  Ihaeum  of Bollare.aafoli       •: 

d«llai>   upon  the  delivery  of  etild  g'     it, 
wa     '  merri  iDdlaa,  furnltuu  and  Aaturea. 

>.  Ilara  JO  Iha day  of necl,  la  h»Jl 


raym 
yth.  jw 
Ing  ln*i 
annum,  i 


whi 


It  Iht    «for 
cnlaeui 

H  at  t 

I'M  date 

-It,  at« 

II.  ah 

!  tMtnrat 

«Taa  of 


c 


Thia  a 

Thai 
C.   D 
hundi. 
compauy  »  ov. 

and  aunil    ^   In  hia 
company .  aiul  I      a«e> 
algnmen»»|  coeveyanee 
to  aaaiir*  '  ^«  »ame  <«  »' 

That  as      ■'..  a. At 
pas      >to     old  A.  B. 

Ill 


i>.um 

ahall  ba  aaoured 

yakla 

at , 

andbaai 

of  - 

'td. 

—  par 

•aat.  tm 

Hik 

■  iie-* 

tth 

Eil  a 

*  canvay  to  aakt 

_  d. 

-nant.MH 

apltt 

och  of  tha  — ' 

^h 

...   BV 

M,rj!i.i 

,.  i 

'I'l  \. 

O.  all  aa- 

<*re 

nacaaaar) 

-lid- 


.,        and  aaatane. 
ratio     'hirraafi  maM 


h  and  every  abara  oi 
trhat  price  af  tha  aame 


■all  tocir  Iha  avora«e  m  trhat  price  af  tha  aami 
for  and  inriBg  iwant]  daw  araaadlng  tba  — 
d^y  of  —  afbraaald,  so  he  datarminad  by  th 


brabara  la  tha  ci 


lay  a 

aatoa     ada  at  tka 
of  — 
Iin  wttoaaa  wharaof.  etc. 

d?*MtrttC«— ■•!•. 

r<iarir«  </  Stat*  /m  a  Ctr^tratim. 
1       agreement,  etc.,  witneaaathi 

aald  A    B.  ahall  aell,  trananr  and  convey 

to        i  CD.,     "  the dayaf— , on.^     hou 

aanu  abarco  of  t ,  now  ownad  by  «al()       8. 

and  atandlng  In     is  name  on  tha  boi  as  >.     ^tia 
rorapany,  and  to       ecuta  and  dallvci  to  aatd  C 
t     all  nacaaaary  ■•    gnmenta,  eanvayaaeoa  and 
transfera  <.'onc«mlna  ^e  aaine 
That  aald  C  O.  ah    1  pay        '*.■.. 

dollara  for  each  aiiare  >  i  otoeb,  o         i 

da*,     f  —  neat, 
la  wit      >•  wberoof,  ate. 

C/SMOaMM  f — -  HttM^m 
Timitr  Grtminir 
a>  maet<ete.,  witnaaiteth: 

A.  B.,  for  tha  aatMideratioii  HaiMr 
af>  tioned,  ahall  aall  unto  aaid  C      '    « 

■iia  vi.  .  !ar  tha  timbar-trcea  and  othar  ir«e«. 
bciag  «B»a  a  certain  tract  nf  land  In  -  tni: 
''oaBtaa   »»    iillowa    {tlmtint    Ik.    ktumdt         't   <  ' 

tiMitfa    ■..  itedvvitlith*  letter  "T,"  an^ 
of  tha  Mad  »«4  BiiP'bor  aa  followa : 

One  bdndrcd  twhitc  oak  trtta,  marbad  wit) 
letter  "T  "' 

On*  hundred  a"-',  thirty treea   etc. 

That  aald  C.  D    shall,>atwacn  ti      — dayaf 
— — ,  and  the  — day  of  .^— oaxt,  hav>;  autti'    ity 


I 
I 


pail   ■ 
""fi. 


i 


A 


tl 


CONTHACn. 


«!•!  CD.  aU  lh«  MMk 
irli*n4tM  k«t«natn|  (o 

(brnttar*  »nd  IkalHx* 
nd  tiso  alt  good*,  w  art* 
I  or  (vntractad  far  by 
tor  tald  alora,  loaatliir 
hn  bualnaaa  haratofar* 
k.  ■. 

«.  waraa  anJ  mmttiam- 
t  by  aald  A  B.  at  lu 
ng  all  caala  fur  carria«( 
allng  d«u>ictlaa  for  Se 

damag*,  waar,  taaf  <" 
\»  rurnliura  and  Hatu  '• 
ilr  fair  caali  valM. 


all  l»«  complalad  within 
i«f«»r,  and  tha  paparty 
1  lin.«)cdlaMly  daUvari.a 

It,  at  atiy  lima  haraafter 
'*«a  ai  buainaaa  ao«>' 
llractly  or  IndlractI) . 
i.urvani,  ar  otharwiaa, 
g,  or  ba'r.g  Iniaraalad  la 

lidaratloft  tharaof.  >i>aU 
r  —  Sailara,  aa  fall  «•: 
dallvary  of  a<itd  gi-.^Nla, 
iltui  J  atid  Avturaa. 

day  of nasi,  la  (uJl 

,.um  ahall  ba  aa«itrad 
/abia  at  -~   ,  and  boar - 
<it  —  ft  aaiit.  par 
(1. 

<4«  I  - 


ail   a 

.-,  d 
aptit 


'atic 


th 

'  '  onvay  to  aakt 

MMI.OWI 

<:!«   of  thO 

•id  A.  ■., 

c  L     laof  aahl 

•>i<i  c.  O.  all  aa- 

laraaacaaaan 

ttni  aaatgna. 

thirroof,  man 

ii  and  avary  ahara  of 
itrbat  frtco  of  tli«  aama 

taya  oroaodtng  tho  • 

I  M  daiarmtnod  by  td* 
«  or  bfwkara  la  Iba  d 


wltoaaaatli : 

lalt,  trananr  and  roavay 

—  day  of ,on      hou 

low  ownad  by  taio       8 
na  on  tba  bo^  ^a  v       >iti 
ta  and  dallvai  to  aatd  C 
ne>i>«,  aanvayaaeaa  and 


iw'o' 


K.m. 

\  atock, 


ic. 

wllnaaaatiis 

ha  aouatdaratiofi  ^•fMt 

aoll  unto  aald  C.     '.   » 

tf>trtea  and  othar  ir«e«, 

ract  of  land  In  aati 

\l»timr  Ik.    ietimJi        '\  of 

thafattar  "T,"  an.       '«« 

'aa  follow  a; 

Ik  triaa,  inarb«4  wiu.      c 

ly — -traa*  «te. 
,  batwaan  V,      —  day  of 
—  oaxti  havi^  auttir   <ty 


&,l'r!i*!lL!r  ^.•^*?  »•^»  ?•"  »'^.  ••uj 


I 


lay  and  plaaa  ba»»  ^  of  aald  oal 
prainhM*  %■  dry. 
Thai  aaUl  C.  O.  ahall  havo  fwi 


ib-traoo  upoa 


Hall  havo  tutt  llbatty  i«  aar t 
I.  bougha,  lopa  and  toiMof  ih, 
«  In  Iha  uaual  manner,  a«4 


a(T  aald  woaS,  iraao,  i 

".'it'*  .•{  ••'*'  ""^  -  •"•  —»>  ™« 
wUhoNl  intarruMton  during  Mtd  lima 

«!^;ir  Ir""' "'  »«'»«nla.aganla.  or  work- 
^?i^'./"T-*"**i  l»"»»"a  to  whom  ha  may  aall 
Mid  llMbor  aad  wood.  ate.  lo  dig  aawpiu.  and 

tanatho  hr  romoval  or  itaa  daring  aaid  tin.  *, 
„..  !Ii!r  A  Ti      •  k.  «"•»••«!•'•«»•»  iharaof,  ahall 

I  gntnf  Iri    . 

1. Ji  •'  ••*<•  —  •».  -01.1.  msna  ana  rapair  ail  ranaaa. 

^hiKSin'J):''!^'"''/""*  •"  ?'•"•  brokan  w 
?«.^.J!^'***  "*  doalroyad  In  railing,  haw. 

is5'.?;."u'Mra'fSrtli"'"^'  •-••-'""• 

la  wllaoaa,  aia. 

4)MilrM«.-««il«. 

_.  ,                            irtf—fru4t 
Tk^.^BST*!'- !*•.;■  wllaoaaathi 
D..al  hia  dwalMaa-houoo  In  ,  ana  Ihouaand 

In 
Ma' 


ariV  "   ,"  ?! "'  r«rr800«|taUvaa,  Iha 
-  dellara.  In  ihd  manaar  following,  via. 

Ud  d.  D,  a)«all  mand and raptOrall  fknaaa. 


yter'JTo^r.iv'lrSrplii'K-r,-^^ 

KI  !"'JI  f^i^i  •'*'?  •"•••  «waoly  dollara. 

»?«  r^te.  """^^  »^'«  »'^«  "ftda.  doUa/iH 

That  aald  C  D..  la  conaidoraHon  tharmir.  agraoo 

«  porchaaa  aald  traao   d  tba  quaolltlaa anSltor 

na  pricaa  aforooaid.  and  to  payaaMI  "  »^lhl 

11 K.  ibarafor  In  aaab  upon  K  ffllt.^  of  wld 


.-  -  *  Tf '*  ^  Rv  '■  ""^MwaBon  tharmir.  agraoo 

baaa 
In  witaoaa  wlMroaT,  ata. 

Thia  agroomant,  ate. ,  -  Itnaaaatb  i 

That  aald  A.  B..  ownar  of  tfca  brig  or  vaaaal 

«  r  -7-  Mlara.  lawAiti  nonay  of  tho  Unitod  Itataa 
«f  Amorica.To  Ma  paid  l^tbroUio  dX^y  of 

.*fif'"'%***«^'  ^*n^  •'••^  prooonto  l.«tca|^ 
•all.  and  convay  aald  bifg  »r  vaaaal.  togathai  wwi 
Iha  inckwa,  bMla,  bowaprit,  aaM^^Mt^  iSSi, 

t\§ or  vaaaal, and allttta abevo-mt  ««««Z 

•o'fM.apaHrtaMiMaa.nacoaoarlf^  ,a^^ 


Ilia  clal«a  of  aU  M.«i' «»'>(■.  > 

,..    iom»oo— 

a  wttsaaa  wharao 


>r  par  Doa  whomaooMr. 
araofiate. 


^r^ 


W%*mt. 


dci    i-r  to  0.  D.,at 
of  -      ',  Ova  hundred 
marthan! 


Thataa 
aueh  dolii 

(per  bush. 


ihe 


ilia  own  coat  and  asponao. 

.  on  or  bofBro  tba day 

jdMla  af  food,  eteaa,  anS 

*he   ,  wUblatlirao  montha  aftar 
»DM  •ai4  A.  m.  tho  Bum  of  ■— 


(■SfP-rf) 


n. 


Thia   graoro«i 
ThatMMA. 

C.  D b<>» 

wlBtar  (*r  ipc 
dtli'arod  to 

5ftu»«  w  Hataii 
ay,  '  — . 
Th        aide, 
•aid  thai 

from  (I    ,,  Jollv 
•  witaaaawii 


in. 
H-'k   ... 
<!t«-iWitnaaaoth: 

of  good,  Cloan,  marchanubia 

naat  fof  Iha  flnt  iiualjiv),  to  bo 

D.  fVoo  of  ;;ll  '  hargaa  or  aa- 

.  •»  — ,  ••  oi-  '  -fora  tho 


ihall  pay  or  caut 

Mb  - 

am  . 


to 


ft 


riNitMMrt-Nail*. 

Tnla  agraamaol.  aU  .  wlinaaaalh  : 

T».  I  aai-  KB  for  iha  conaMaralton  haratfti 
afla,  n«n  „4.  .  .||  ^11  to  aald  C  0  Ava  hii» 
drad  «of  •<  aaawonad  mapia  and  hickory  cari. 

^'"d-  anu  }«l|yar  and  aaauraly  ptia  Iha  aama  o« 

Iha  Ian  bank  of  Iha rivar  ,«  .«iuli  immadT 

ataiy  aool  of  Iha  --  bridga.  In  tha  town  «f  . — 
(#r  .„M  ihauund  p<rrihM  uf  |,m><I  <|uarry  mcie  ^uM* 
Sjr   liuikliiia     niul    ilallxr   tui   ,  ,,rd   |h<  ujn,    ^   ib, 

touih  altb  of  Iha  v^taiii  lo«.  No  -         on i,,-,.   w 

Ihaiimttiif )  ~™~.» 

Thai  aald  C.  D..  In  ^onaldaratlo*  tka«a»<f,  ikdi 
pay  aald  A  t  Iha  aum  of  for  aaah  ai  avam 
a"  I  T.r"^'  aforaoald,  upon  tha  aom|i  •  and 
final  dallvary  iharaof^ 

ia  wltaoao  wharaof,  ata. 

tAo^fV  V  M>rte«,  :Wvard(y. 
Thio  agroamani,  ata.,  vvlioaaaoth : 
Thai  aald  A.  •  baa  ihia  day  eonvayad  lo  aald 
C.  O.,  «  P^  and  O  H..  by  warranty  daad.  laa 
•araa  af  tawl  altoala  on  tba  aouihaaai  cornar  of 
rroot  and  Ughlh  alraata.  In  iba  town  of  -    ,  for 
Iha  caaoidcr  ition  of  ono  thouoand  dollara 
.  That  In  '     '<r  tu  aaaura  tha  paymanl  of  aldM 
hundrad  d<     .<•  in  alghl  annual  paymanta.  with 
Inlaraai,  fi,,™  t>   •  data,  aald  C    DTb.  F  .aad  O 
:i.J"p::m'r^"     ^  «o  aald  a.  «  a  ntortgag.  up^ 
Thai  aald  C.  O.,  B.  P.,  and  O.  H.  Inland  ta  di- 
vida  aald  pramloaa  Into  town  lota,  and  aaU  and 
diaaaao  of  iho  aama. 

That  aald  C.  D.,  B.  P.,  and  O.  H.,  aad  thalr 
lagal  '•f^ntatlvao.  ahail  at  aU  UmM  hmaffor 
hava  Iha  right  of  cbanglag  tho  aooarity  abama 
mantlonod  fy  aabatltutfi^notoadorSo  !£S7 
or  of  any  port  tlior<-of.  Iha* Hht  aoourlty  oa  mSm 
raal  ootato  of  at  laaal  aqual  yaloa. 

That  upon  aald  wb^luHon  aald  A.  •..  or  bla 
local  rapraaantotlva,  alMll.  UDoa  raouaai    ferah 

*T««j  i^ta  a«i  dX'JsrdisTTvTii* 

OH.  good  and  auMaiaat  roloaaoa.  JiaabaiWtog 
aald  mortgoga.  or  Iha  Uaa  iiaoo  any  portlMi  of 
lh«  pramlaoo  iharalo  doooriboT^  r~M»a  oi 

In  witnoaa,  au. 

rMi«PM«-«lllM|«.  Ba^MaiM. 
AriKit,  ^f  Agt-Mmtnl  MifmM»,Ur  smd  Jaaaara 

m  Ik,  M,j*»ml   Wn.*,  ^  fJkt  UntM  SMt;  rt- 

Any  eraaura.  InMrlincaiioa,  or  aliaroUoa  la  ihia  ama- 
lUFnt  olll  ba  void,  unlau  atiaaiad  by  ■  ahipalM  oaai> 
mi«loi«.r  c.«aul.  or  vicacoaaul,  lu  ba  aMSTwIih  tba 
coi>Mut  of  Iha  paraiin*  iniaraatad 

U.  I.  Bhlpplnc  Conamlaalonar  for  tha  Port  of 
OflUo  at  No.  - 


II  la  ogrood  batwaan  tko  maatar  and  aoaaon!  or 

marinar«,  of  Iba ,  of  whloh la  at  waoaal 

maatar,  or  wboeirar  ahaU  go  fbr  maatM.  aaw 
bound  from  tho  port  of to  (4#r,  t»4  •w.JaTZ 

Utt  i-'},'f.  i(lkmit*nmM  U  dmu,  tk,  gtntnjmii 

SS-ii'  "^  ****  ^^  ""''"'«"*  ^*^ 

a       a  of  Protrlaiono  to  ba  ollowod 

aod  MTVcii  V,  .1  10  Iha  craw  Jurina  tlin  v.jy«i«  in  addl. 
lion  lo  lh«  daily  ;jm„  of  Urn.  andlamon  j,  .  ,  lid  Jg^ 
or  »at;r  -u..acorbuilaa  la  any  waa  laguired  by  hwT 


Sunday, 

Monday, 

Tuaaday, 

Wcdnaa!£iy, 

I  hiirtday, 

Kriday, 

SMtutday, 


Ont 


Bubatitutaa> 
unea  of  cofca,  or  eeooa,  or  Tbnrnhai  aay  bo 


5-^ 


1* 

I 


t^v 


OONTKACtt. 


•«(•',  >Im  i(UaMliv  to  i«  nnt  iMlf  mars  ,  an»  nuumi  of 
IKitaiiiu  M  «•»)•  .   «fM  half  ^Himl  u<  llixir  »r  Ht«  .  ua*. 
'    '  >u  9M«  IMP  on*  <|iia<uir  ptm  uf  Narltf ,  mair  W 


p*iUt*MM  iH  JF«m«       til 


ylMII-   ••Mt 
■lllUW4i 

Anl  rtw  mM  i»w  •«•«'  ii>  I  un<lu>t  tharmtlTM  Ih  •« 
•t4ar4*,  ftUtKfiM  Kunnt,  ami  uitiar  nannat,  cwi  lo  h* 
«  all  linaa  /ilU««nl  In  iMf  raawu  Moa  liudaa.  and  t»  Im 
•kadlaM  l4>  ■tMla«Ail  cnmniaiHto  »f  iha  wM  maaMr,  of 
■I  any  pariuH  wl  <h«ll  law^ll*  •<>•  •  a*.t  l.im,  ait.1  of 
■Mir  •Mt»H.ir  olR.  .-ri,  ii>  avaryihinf  relaiing  lo  iha  nal^ 
•tilu,an<iiKaiii>(*<  an.!  '  argu  ihanuil.  ahaihar  on  biiani, 
la  hoaia,  .«  itii  •hm»,  try  nlfhi  .if  hy  -lay .  a>.J  In  ton 
•Idarall-in  ■•(  arhkh  Mrrlta  ui  \m  (iuty  |>arftnm«ii,  lh« 
•■III  nualar  liaraby  aaraaa  ».)  (My  lo  Iha  Mill  irtaw,  »" 
'•CM.  <h«  <ii)»a  againal  Ihali  namas  raii|MCIiT«ly  > 
praaaad,  and  lo  •upply  ilwm  with  pnwlainna  accnril'  iz 
••  Ihai  *o<Mi«.l  I  above  <>  ala  And  it  la  hrraby  agioJ 
*al  uiy  imilir^ilmwni  or  wllM  or  n«|ll«anl  daainic 
dwi  of  »nr  part  .rf  tha  ihlp't  carfn  or  nrim  ahail  bt 
Mad«.co<>il  r"  >h«  owner  mil  uT  (Ka  wagaa  of  iha  forion 
gulln  oflhauma  Ami  If  any  panon  anian  hlmxiif  aa 
quatlAad  fi>f  a  iluiy  »hkh  li-  provaa  hlmaalf  In.  omiia- 
IMM  to  p« >*.,-!  hit  «■(«■  thi,)  ba  raduioi  In  |..  .^»^r^l.lo 
•B  hl»  li»  .«m>» '^n^  y,  fi«i,|  In,  ompaMncy  lo  h»  Wclilad 
i<^M  by  iha  thipi,  '<(  cnminiaalomir  And  \\  ,*  alao 
•Rllili  Thai  if  ail,  mambar  o^iha  era*  ruiwldrrt  him- 
W»  "'  •>•  apirlavat!  hy  any  braarh  of  i!i».  afraamant  'ir 
othcrarlH,  M  ahall  rsprcicni  lh»  >iiii«  lo  tha  mailxr  ,ir 
•Acar  la  ekarf*  uf  r  »  ■liip  la  a  ^iiiat  ami  .>ril«rly  in  <  n 
»«r,  or  to  Iha  tald  •hlpptng  ci>mmlMittn..r,  arho  tbil! 
-hataupoa  laka  •».  b  •••p*  ••  '*>«  <•••  may  rwnnra 
AlUl  It  ta  ataa  agraad,  that  w«  iha  tald  marlnara,  art 
tatoa.i  aad  diacharcc  |I,«' (.artp)  if  r«|uli<      (fftrtamy 

k  Ikt  f»rUn 
-) 


M%ir  rti^lmUfiu  may  i*  iuttrtttt  It 
mgm,  mmd  wtkh  mrt  mtt  e»mir»rf  i. 


H«  ahaath  knWaa  nttr  arvg  la  atlowtd,  and  nana 
to  ba  brauf hi  on  htmHThy  tb*  craw,  and  If  any 
ft^mm  ia  hun4  aaaratad  on  tha  partMu  of,  of 
MMf  tha  afccta  <  '  tha  crow,  Ika  aana  la  to  ba 
mmeaod  of  aa  tha  maoter  nkajr  dlfaot,  and  no 
promaa  langoaga  la  |Mriallta4  on  board. 


1 


mr 

•.M.N. 

y  Mu. 


Hal^l. 

DaKripU 

"■ 

W.4.. 
MoMk. 

Wage* 

1 

1 

1^ 

iZ.. 

^. 

b. 

^ 

0 

p 

e 

Vl.  lip;  •  Md.  iij;  ao  Paaa.  St.  aiot  9  Baib.  ra 


S.iha.  /)|MJ..«  la  Iha  |iia>lng  of  a  •■itialura  at  iha  hoi 
lom  -it  •  ■>rl(taa  or  ynntad  angaganiatii  li  la  tha  a.i 
hy  wMcb  a  ^raoa  nmiracu.  In  aiiiina.  1.,  Airnuh  1 
•um  of  laiMWy  Aif  a  |>a>lli  .lUr  ptuiK.M  aa,  a  iuii»<il| 
ttaa*aai|ha>iiabtalna«liuii.in,aaiiMcrlMla«nir  a  Uf'n 
amllhaUha 

Wliaa  aavanl  {Kontlaa  i.i  rnnlrlhiiM  m  a  roaiaiaa  oh 
I*,  -taatwd  hir  all.  lb*  |>romUa  nf  aa.  h  aiav  ba  a  |i..  .1 
ViMwMloratlitn  tot  ihf  proniiaa  of  olban  f  la  |«iMr.il 
•ubwrdMlnna  »n  lanni-  <»».tlilo«a  In  fhfor  of  |lla  aarty 
•"'"''>««■.  an  biadtn^  vhaa  tha  a««»  Miyttialad  ar« 

^••>       •  DaM " 
voo  la  Bay  Ika  am 


Wo.  Iha  Ha4of*ltaa4,  aaroo  la  pmy  Ikaam 

■al  a|>|>«aiti  our  naraaai  lo  (aiaMiy  <A«  f»t 
I  «r-/»ra«w«,  a<  A    H  ,<r  iha  Iruataa*  nfiha i 


amoanla 

, ,  _      -  ^jrraa  #» 

'p»r»iu»,  a<  A    H  ,<r  iha  iruataa*  nfiha ihurih. 

In  '        ,  ttt  ),  (bt  iktrt  i/K/f  tht  t^^t  »r  iMuf,  a«  a 

.  «r  iIm  •nKiloH  ■tt  a  kotia*  of  •ofikly  fir  M41I 

church,  at  — ,  la  — ,  «*. 


fmmUrmmt~T»mtmm 

Thia  acraantanl,  ala,,  wllaaoaolh  i 

That  Mid  party  of  (ha  Mral  pari,  la  oonaldara- 
lion  of  tha  eovanant  haralnaftar  aaatainod,  ahall 
provlda  aotUbla  taama.  with  aan  and  abllful 
drtvara,  and  tow  tha  boaM  balancing  to  aald 
party  of  tha  aocond  pan  ragularly  plyiof  batwaan 

and ,  and  not  aacaadlng In  nambar 

during  Iha  antira  aaaaon  af  aavigatlon,  *m  com- 
manca  an  Iha Inalant. 

Thai  aald  party  of  tha  aacond  part,  In  twnaidar- 
allon  of  tha  promlaaa.  ahalt  pay  or  caiaaa  iv  ba 
paid  lo  oald  party  of  liio  Aral  party,  for  aach  and 
avary  running  trip  ao  mada  by  uiatr  boala,  aa 
aforaaald,  tha  auin  of  — -  dollar*. 

That  two  h«ata  of  aald  party  of  Iha  aoaoiid  part 

ahall  laava         an  Iha da/  af ,  and  Ihraa 

ahall  laava  on  Iha  ■ day  of ,  provtdad  Iha 

i^anal  ahall  ba  navlgabia  al  lh<»aa  tlmaa,  and  If  aol 
00  navigabia  than  aa  aoon  Iharaaftar  aa  It  abat 
bacomaao. 

Tl-  .1  at  Iha  litnaa  of  dopartura  tfm ar 

dM>      I  tha  .    .        -r. 

aha     Jap«ii 
of  tho  VMtind ' 


I  tha  ramalndar  of  tha  aaaaoa  of  aavlgallon 

4*p«ii'i  opoD  tha  convaalanaa  of  aald  party 

•  %actind  aan,  with  tha  provlao,  bawavar, 

that  not  mora  than  —  boaca  ahaU  laaoo  altbai 


MOta  paa> 
partodio' 


and  of  tha  routa,  or  more  (lifn baata 

any  alation  oa  tn 
twan^fetir  beura. 
That  whan  mM  bcata  aro  ladaa  «o  tha  burthan 

of  - —  tana  Ihay  liiall  ba  towad  at  Iha  rata  of 

mllaa  par  haur  tunaing  Uma.    WlMn  Ugbi,  cai- 

ryiag  iMt  mora  than tooa  ftalght,  tbay  ahall 

baMwa4  not  laaa  ikM mllaa  par  baar,  aa 

TiMt  aaM  pa«^  of  tba  aaoMd  part  ahaU  Iteniah 
a^Mvtda  tlM  drivan  amal^rad  by  aaU  party 
of  Um  ant  part  with  atilMbla  maala  or  boanT** 
ragttlv  hotua.  raltevtng  iham  In  Iho  abarga  a/ 

ta  at  aiMh  Urnaa  by  an*  of  tho  baMaai  • 

aalilmaia. 

aocoM  part  la  «ataiBa4  oa  aaawiat  aTtta  taf«- 
aj  oai^igaiMa  af  tha  agaata.  dritrara,  01 
af  aald  Mtrty  of  tho  «rat  part,  a  dadacMoi 
ma*»  from  tha  eompaaaatloa  of  aafa 


■«^': 


Jon 

itot  part,  aa  aferMa&Mit^ttta  rataof 
lara  Mr  tear  during  tiio  timo  ofoaab  da- 
taattay.  aaaipt  aftar  iha  Ktat  day  af  Oatahat  1 
aucn  dadttctioa  ahall  ba daOara  1 


»*rt? 


o?tboiin 


day  of  oacb  and  cv«ry  month  daring  tha  aa* 
aon  of  aavteftlan.  aubjaei  owavor,  ta  AtTaaaea 
aary  ifadiuiboMa  ac         t  of  dbHaotlMW,  aa 

That  within day       star  tha  Baal  daaa  af 

natflgatlen  aald  patUat    ay  tbamaahraa  ar  thair 

!<>•}>•;  •Oralt.dn:  jSaM.  349:  aDaaio,  40|,S  C. 
I  Cmmi.  sli;    a  Conar,  usi   17  *tm.  St.  ■».    i|.>a 


in  •>l|lii||,  l>,  AtfUltK  I 
|U|>I»>M        *•,  ^  twWlIlt 

■  tuw^Hi^lvo  Aw  m  biH'k , 

ilrllwM  •■>  •  rammn*  ok 
•  u(  tiv  K  m»i  ba  *  |i<>  .t 

111  mlvtn  »  In  g*«Mnl. 
li>M  In  fcvor  ol  ih*  Mtiy 

Ik*  (cu  xliMlataii  ■ 

iaaa .  Dat*  - — , 

•«  !•  Mr  ("•  •maunl* 

!<••••«  -lIltM thiiri  h 

uM  of  aunlill^  6«  M4 


M  part,  l«  •••i«l4«ra- 
laftM  •••UIIM4,  ahall 
»ith  uh  aM  akilful 
u  balonctng  m  aal4 
IMlarly  flying  lMlw««n 

lading la  numbar 

if  aavigatlan,  ta  aam- 

land  part,  In  canaUar- 

II  pay  or  cauat  «e  ba 

at  party,  tor  aach  and 

la  Vr  ihair  baata,  aa 

lallara. 

irty  af  tha  aaaatid  sart 

da/  af ,  and  thraa 

r  of ,  prevtdad  tha 

Ihdaa  timaa,  and  If  no* 

tharaaflar  aa  It  akaK 

irtura  A««i ' ar  — - 

■  aaaaa«  af  aavlgattan 
•aalanaa  ef  wild  p«rty 
itia  prairta*,  kawavtr, 
•ta  ihall  laava  a<tb«i 

(t)fn  baata  pa«> 

duriag  any  pari««  a' 

t  ladaa  M  tha  barthan 
wad  at  tba  rata  af  — 
ma.  wlMn  Ugbt,  «ar- 
»M  fraiglit,  tliay  ahall 
—  Bilaa  par  baar,  aa 

iaod  part  ahall  fktfolali 
■■layad  by  aaU  party 
bio  maalt  or  baarrf,  at 
an  In  tha  abarga  a/ 
>y  «>•  of  tha  haala  aa  • 


I  af  aaM 


af  tha 


tha  afaBea,  dftvara.  < 
I  irat  awt,  a  dadaaUa 
MMpiaaallaa  ^  aaid 
Saraiwtd.attharataaf 
I  tha  ttaa  af  aaah  da- 
'      ifOmabari 


HdayafOttahai  a 
-  dbnara  par  hanr. 
Mcaad  girt  ahaO 
taOair 


aaat, 


Of 

■.tha 


PV 


r  ragttiwiy 

.  ba  aam  af dal- 

Ud  aa  afctaaald  aa  th« 
month  dariog  tha  aa» 

owavar,  ta  >Ui  «b«a« 
t  of  dataattaw,  •• 

itar  tha  Saal  claaa  af 
f  tbamaahraa  ar  thair 

MO;  tDaalo,  40|,B.  C; 
17  Paaa.  Si.  iia.    ^it 


•■•ata,  thall  mMt  at  iha  afll«a  af  aaM  aartv  *f  ik. 
•aaaad  sort  and  •"min..  ,1.1,  7^ 'J"/' ••'•'• 

all  \alan«..  «h|.(,  „,y  i  fa«  *d  ,^u,  Jr. 'f!- 

aTbV;;;:„-.r""*"-  '^  *^^^">'  •?"••- 

la  wftaaaa  wharaaf. 


ttWTRACIU-cONVlYAIfCli. 


ata. 

t-aiatriMit    Warll. 

SI.  ••??•»•"•_"•■  ••*  •  ••••naaaalh  . 
That  aald  A    ■   .tiall  aaacuia  .„d 


warli.  »la 


i  i4ntii*»iit  lit 

hat  aald  A   ■  ahall  b< 


... T"-  T    ""    ■"■"  aaacuia  and  mmwtmttm  in  m 

IU«  ••itirir.-:!'* c&r..: 

.  kal  aid  wyb  ahall  h,  Lm^n,^  .„  ,fc,  __ 
5^    1--  i.'.?^  ha  tamplatad  an  tha  "-  Xy^ 

—  UfJ         „   •'*'•'  "•"••  •"  "  '"'«•  «ha 

.J:ri'  Ur:!-:]' ari-  *•  ■•  «-'•*"  •*• 

ii    an5r?'i"~ii;i ."•.""■'"•"•a  lo  »   r.    o, 

M.an^Jt    ,h..«.r,.r     ,  ^„^,, 


ta  thi  ^^!r«-.-«''-1*'*B'"*»'"'  '"  '•'"•"•a 

If  i!^«rnr.Vai?'rf„rr.;d'V„ir-'«5' 


r.  o 


aiam  .kail  hi  (TnalTli  kV  J:*'"'"  «*  •  '"•J«'»  / , 

I-  wit!;ll.i'wh;)rff  .""*'"•  "••^»  •"'«'»•• 

S€«Mtlr«a««««.  Ka.  r:<i»Ta*rTt 
.«al«at.^.  M«i,„.,t  |,4w 
«a.tt«ii.  sa.  lm.,..,*;S». 
*aral«M.  Saa  P.A.Tfta 

•Jl  tha  .l«ed«  upon  wMch  title,  rail,  ,nd  j„d_. 
menis  and  inurumcnu  alTacting  lurh  title*  A 
•ynojian  of  tha  diMinciUe  p.  rt"on»  of  the  vari. 

Tha  evldencea  of  title  ara  tuuall*  con  y 
•ncea,  will*,  orden  or  d«cre«i  of  count,  iud» 
mentt.  !«•<  icW  «]..,  «]„  by  office,,  appdntrd 
by  law,  act!  ,tl  the  legi_,).ture  and  of  Coiii/reM  * 

«LTHLYdrw>  -^-^  '^^  ^^-y- 

I.  Data. 

a.  ai««ttr  (.M«A/r  sm  aMmU  ar  r,Wi. 
jW  imvi,»nti,.  mi,  m  fn,  ..*f*iv».  »r  a 

3-  Ni  -^  and  rwldcnce  of  parHea.  and  if 
•M««on  .dnrunittrator.  guarlUiu,  inata„, 
•orponuionn,  offii  era,  or  the  like. 

4.  ^1  ieclul»  which  maierid^alfcet  the  title 

5.  The  tealatum  claaae.  This  part  of  th^ 
wavavmaca  embracet  i 

^diisr-3fipii!ii:  "  ^'"' «>' &««•«• 

•^d  words  Of  liiiiite«f4t|    at,  to  "C    fi     kia 

Mmlt.dot.1  or  tpMkl  arwiiwim,  If  wT^' 

rf  r^i  "  '  ••**^'  "^  »«»«  J»  P««u.nce 
of  anicJea.  or  an  appointment  bjr  virtue  of  a 
power,  an  inspection  shonld  be  made  of  the 
trtlclet  or  power.     A  deed  esecuted  by  attor- 


"•y  .h'.iiM  ha  ,*,»|acad  with  avldanca  Ihat  th« 

.UI..I.     ».  Covenant,  which  may  alfr.t  the  van. 
wance,       9.     By   <^y^^   jmHie.    the    <taa«i  ia 

ra<iulra<l  by  Maluta.  **      ■ 

as*  ""'^"   '*•'•''-   •*-"'•- 

.0  ^ol^Uder , '"  *'"'"^'"«  """ '""»— T 
I.  The  date  of  tha  testator',  death. 
».  The  court  In  which  tha  probate  Is  made 

The  date  of  letfen  ...t.m«n..,y.  .nd  «,,  chani 


. -.».uaw    ii«     a^ 

movsl,  or  otharwiae. 

de^i.,^i"i;,:t?':tc,""^  '^''^  »*^-«  -^ 

^^  The  per«Mu  to  whom  the  lands  are  de. 

lii.  ^^r^  "'  "?"*!**'"•  """I'lcatlon,  coiKil. 
lidOS,  charge,  on  the  He»i.ee,  etc. 

«f.h-!i'.  *'"'''"?*""•  •  »*"'••  '•'ocation 
of  the  Willi    a.,  the  birth  ,rf  ,  child    or  the 

with  the  term,  of  the  will 

d«^'"''  **""'''*  **  «**•"  '»  ♦*•  orter  of  their 

OiniM  OR  DhoiBB.     Oitier.  or  deoaaa 
material  to  the  title  .hould  b^SCSacT-d^^ 

Jim«M,NTs      A  party  claiming  title  f     rarf 
•state  under  an  esecution  must  Utow . 

I.  A  valid  judgment. 

«?fj-  i  '^  ?•?'••'  "••  «"«".  «»••  •mount 
•nd  he  date  of  the  rendition  of  the  iudemem 
by  virtue  of  which  the  estate  w«i  s^M  3  U. 
«ec.,ed  «,d  aclcnowledged  a.  l^^Z   b^ 

whether  his  aathonty  conUnue/in  force  UU  the 

tJLI!*1.!^'1',  ^  ••"«">»»»•.  nrtice,  or  other 
Pjw«,  upon  all  defendants,  or  pen^.os  inter- 

for'mi?o'rs  Xl^tS^  """^^  ^  ^ 

commissioner,  of  insolvento.  «  3?m  rf 
bMkrupts,  and  tax  sale,.     li  U.e  hKr^ 

utmort  care,  in  order  to  detect  any  omission  or 

e^Id.  alUag  1  Pr^ 


-nS'.iS.^;!!' »'»»-«« 


CONVEYANCES. 


I 


? 


of  iTie  rt«tut«i ;  in  the  former  case,  the  leading 
point*  are  tlie  authority  of  the  auignee,  etc., 
the  order  of  tale  and  iu  confirmation,  and  the 
deed. 

Act*  of  the  legislature  may  be  considered  in 
the  same  manner  as  private  conveyances.  The 
abstract  should  show : 

I.  The  date  of  the  act. 
■    2.  The  title  of  the  act. 

3.  The  recitals  of  the  act. 

4.  The  enacting  clause  in  its  own  terms. 

5.  A  strict  compliance  with  the  terms  of  the 
act. 

Titles  by  Descent.  In  the  absence  of 
deeds,  pedigree  should  be  asceruined,  authen- 
ticated, and  incorporated. 

Incumbrances.  Incumbrances  may  be  as 
follows : 

I.  Judgments  in  the  county  where  the  land 
Hm.  -    . 

3.  Judgments  ifi  the  United  State*  courts. 

3.  Executions  from  other  counties. 

4.  Mortgages. 

5.  Liens  of  the  creditors  of  deceased  per- 
S4ins. 

6.  Dower. 

7.  Decrees  in  chancery. 

8.  Action  pending. 

9.  Taxes. 

10.  Mechanics'  liens. 

II.  Lien  of  executor,  administrator,  guar- 
dian, or  agent,  who  pay*  tuxe*  upon  the  estate. 

I  a.  Lea»es. 

13.  Equity  of  a  vendee  in  po«se**ion. 

14.  Lien  of  a  vendor  for  purchase  money. 

15.  Caveats  in  case  of  a  contested  will. 

16.  Rents  assigned  in  lieu  of  dower. 

117.  The  levy  of  a  distress  warrant  upon  the 
property  of  certain  debtors  of  the  Unite4  States.' 
ABHTBACT  OV  TITI.B  FOBMB. 
-    AbatnM*  mt  'ritl«-«N)Neml  r«nN. 

Abatract  of  title  of  lot  No. •,  on  — --  street 

lor  «venue),  lu ,  In county,  Sute  of ,  or 

of  the  Boithwevt  quarter  ooctloa ,  ranjr* , 

township  —  (cut  <m>  west  of  the  —  meridlaD),  in 
county,  Sutc  of 

I.  The  United  State*  of  America  to : 

■    Intent  dated  — -,  1(1*4 ,  recorded  In  vol. 

of  the  record*  of ,  coiivey*  *aid  lot  (or  par- 
cel of  land)  to  —~. 

*.  —  t*  — • 

Warranty  deed  — •,  fttcd ,  recorded  in  vol. 

of  the  record*  of ,  acknowledged  Itefore 

,  a  (Mbi^tAr  tjghtr)  of county,  Stat*  of 

3.' to ,  etc.,  partltloa,  etc.,  deaertbinK 

aaabov*.  .     ,  . 

4.  — •  to ,  etc.,  tax  deed,  etc.,  mortcage, 

etc. 

3. to ,  etc..  Judgment,  etc 

8.  Etc.,  etc. 

State  of , couerty,  **. 

I,  tiie  imd«r*lgn*d,  certtfy  the  foregoing  to  b*  • 
full,  true,  and  complete  ab*u«et  of  XM  tteari  of 
all  convuyance*  and  ln*trum«n:a  affectiiig  the 
prepeity  nerein  deecribed,  a*  th*  aam*  appear* 
upon  th*  record*  of  *ald  county,  the  circuit  and 
dlatrict  court*  of  th*  Unlt*d  8tat«*  for  th*  dto- 

trict  of ,  and  th* court  of  said  county ; 

hod  that  no  judgment,  tax,  m*eh«inlc*'  or  oth*r 
)!an*  of  record  In  *ald  county  («n»pt,  «c.)  aalat 
acaioat  aald  propwrty. 

In  t**tlm6ny  vi^*r*ef,  I  hav*  b*r*unto  *ct  my 

^l^/M^  Congr.  Manh  3,  ijg«!  May  15,  ••■o. 


handfnnd-— *«J),th*  — dayof -.A.  ad. . 

{/MU.)  (Sfrmturt.) 

AlMtnsc*  vf  Title— ««n<>irNl  form. 

Abstract  of  tltl*  of  lot*  Nos. and  — -.on 

(treat  (or  avenue;,  In ,  In county, Stata 

ef ,  from  th* day  of unto  th* day 

of . 

Tltl*  a**um*d  by  connent  of  p*rtl«,  good  unto  the 
date  of  the  firit  record*  thereof. 

FIrat  record,  and  in  fee,  with  general  wamnty,  fifooi 
A  B.  to  C.  D.,  Contlderatlon  ,  executed  and  ac- 
knowledged, l»    made  the   day  of  ; ,  In  »oL 

,  p. of  deed  record.  No. ,  of couaty 

afi>retald.  ,        „   „         _  _ 

D**d.— 0*n*r*l  warranty,  from  C.  I  .  to  E.  r., 

con..ideratlon  ,  executed  and   acknowledged  — »> 

rrxrorded ,  In  vol. ,  p. of  deed  record,  N(W 

,  of  (Bid  county  aforewid.  .  ._  . , 

Deed Speclaf  warranty,  from  E.  F,  and  W.  hli 

wife  to  G.  ft.,  connideratlon  ,  executed  and  ac- 
knowledged   (wife  being  separately  examliied)  — -, 

recorded  ,  in  vol.  ,  p.   .  of  deed  record, 

Nn. ,  in  Mid  county, 

Agreamant  to  **U,  conv*y,  aad  warrant,  from 
O.  H.  and  W.  hU  wife  to  I.  K.,  conilderatlon  — j, 

executed  and  duly  acknowledged ,  recorded  in  vol. 

p. ,  conveyance  record  "A."  of  Mid  county. 

G.  H.,  died .leaving  W.,  hit  laid  wife,  and  four 

minor  children,  C.,L.,D.,  and  N,      _ 

G.  N.  appointed  and  quajified  guardian  of  i*id  chil- 

Oider  of  probate  court  of  said  county  to  taid  guardian 
to  convey  taid  preml'tes  In  conformity  with  uid  agree- 
ment. _  ».  ..        .  n    • 

Oua>-dlan'*  d**d  from  G.  N.,guard>  a  ofC.,!,., 
D.,  and  N.,  minor  heir*  of  G.  H.,deceaied.to  I.  K., 

contlderatlon ,  executed  and  ackr.  ^wledmd , 

recorded  In  vol. ,  p.  - — ,  of  d*ed  record.  No. , 

of  taid  county. 

Conveys  all  estal*  of  dacouad  free  from  hi*  allow- 
aaces,  debu,  etc.  .     .  _  ^  v_  >  » 

Subdlvldad  Inte  lota  by  I.  K.,  surveyed  by  S.  K., 
lurveyor  of  Said  cotmty,  and  numbered  from  — -  to 

Inclusive,  and  plat  recorded  in  vol.  — ,  p.  — , 

of  deed  record.  No. ,  of  said  county. 

Win  of  I.  K.  devlaat  lou,  numbered  final to 

^,and to ,and to —- Inclusive,  to  J 

K.,  L.  K..  and  M     ...  Us  sons,  and  Ion  nuT^ored 

— -,  to  Ws  wife  W.     Will  proved .  and  recorded  in 

vol. ,  p. ^,  of  record  of  wUls  fat  the  offlca  of , 

in  laid  county.  *    . .    .«  1 

Dec£  from  E.  X.  and  T.  R.,  executors  or  said  will.i 

for  lots  ni;mbefed  from to  — — ,  and  — T"  »n  — -, 

and  —— tf— ,  as  designated  on  the  laeofdad  plat  of 
said  lubdi  /Mon,  to  J.  K.,  L.  K.i  and  U.  K.,  execut*4 
and  ackouwlednd  — ,  recorded  in  vol.  — ,  p.  -•"—, 
of  deed  record.  No. ,  of  said  county.  ' 

Deed  with  covenanta  of  warranty  hoa  J.  K., 
L.  K.,  and  M.  K.  W  N.  O.,  of  lou  numbered  - —  «* 

,  and to ,  and to inclusive,  a* 

designated  on   said  tub-divUIon,  consideration  — < 

executed  and  adcnowledged ,  and  recorded  In  vol. 

.  p. of  deed  record  No. ,  of  said  coun».  . 

Mortgag*  from  N.  O.  and  W.  bte  wl<>  to  P.  Q.  of 

lotsnumbwed  — to ,  and-*—  to  — rr.*"* —T" 

to ,  Inclusive,  as  known  and  designated  hi  said  Sttb- 

dlvitiott.  to  secure  the  sum  of-^— ,  P*y«W*  — .  •^• 

ecuted  and  acknowfedced ,  recorded  in  mortgsts 

record  No.  — -,  of  said  county.        ,.__.-_ 
Declarattau  (conplaiat,  «r  petiriaa)  of  P.  Q.  fcr  *«•• 

cioaure  filed  — .  ...... 

Answer  of  N.O.  and  W.Ws  wife,  fUed . 

RenHcadon  (or  reply)  of  P.  Q.,  filed  ■; — ^. 
Jodgmeat  of  feradoeute  and  order  lor  sa 


of 


Ajnwal  taken  to  —  court  - — . 

"uogment  of  court  bdow  ninnned,  — . 

'a'.e  made  under  ordcrbf  —  court,  on  tba- 


11 


■  day 


Report  ofsalaofsaid  lots  to  R.S.  orthesmaof , 

filed  and  appromd and  deed  ordered  made ——. 

Deed  W  S.  r.,  sherlir  of county  aforesaid,  con- 
veying stdd  lot*  to  R.  S.  CoartdeiatiM-— ■,*»*Dutad 
and  acknowledgtd  — ,  recorded  in  deed  record  No. 
— — ,  of  said  coun^.  .         .        ..    , 

B*eh*nt  of  said  lota  to  dm  Stat*  cT— -afora*^.  ** 
day  of  — -,by  d**di  flf  said  R.S.,(w  betas  an 


«4l. 


■I  iiiimiiiaiiTii'ait'tiw— 


m 


JU 


dayof— ,  A.  id. — . 

(Siemtiiwt.) 

H«»iirirnl  Voriw. 

Not. and  — -,  e* 

-,  In co'jnty.SMta 

unto  the  —  day 

if  portiM,  good  unto  the 

h  general  warranty,  ftoa 
,  executed  and  ae- 

—  day  of  ,  In  Yot 

No. ,  of county 

/,  from  C.  I',  to  E,  f^ 
tnd  acknowledged  — ~>^ 
of  deed  record,  N(V 

,  from  E.  F.  awl  W.  hU 

,  executed  and  a*- 

paretely  examined)  -^, 
;i.   — — ,  of  deed  record, 

•]N  sad  warrant,  fron 
K.,  conilderation  — ►, 

^ ,  recorded  in  vol. 

rd  "A."  of  »ald  county. 

'.,  hii  said  wife,  and  (bur 

dN, 

id  guardian  of  uld  chil- 

d  county  to  iiald  guardian 
nformity  with  uld  agree- 

•  N.,  guard'  n  of  C.,'L., 
f.  H.,  deceased,  to  I.  K., 
and  acki.  ^wlednd  ^— , 
of  deed  record.  No.  — , 

itad  free  from  hit  allow- 

.  K.,  lunrcywl  by  S.  R., 
;  numbered  from  — —  to 
led  in  »ol.  — ,  p.  — , 
aid  county. 
,  numbered  ncm to 

—  to  — —  induilve,  to  J. 
ions,  and  tats  nuT  jr*d 
tved ,  and  recorded  la 

wills  in  tlio  ofice  of . 

I.,  exrcutoi*  of  said  wUl,| 

» •,  and  — —  to  — — , 

d  on  the  iMoidad  plat  of 
K.I  and  M.  K.,  eMCUMd 
ded  in  vol.  — — ,  p.  ——, 
lid  county. 

f  warranty  from  J.  K.« 
of  lott  numoered  —  ttt 

to inclusWe,  ■■ 

sion,  consideration  — — '^ 
— ,  and  recorded  invtd. 

lo. ,  of  said  county. 

I W,  his  wife  to  P.  Q.  of 

nd  designated  in  said  sub- 

of-^.  P»y«W« .  •?«- 

— ,  recorded  In  mnrtpgi 

pMMaD)orP.Q.fo*w 

..filed . 

order  bt  laia  dtOMHl 


i? 


Himed,— . 

—  court,  on  tbe— day 

J  R.  S.  or  the  sum  al—, 
bed  ordered  made 

—  coomy  aforesaid,  con- 
niideiatioa  — ,  axeentad 
irdcd  in  deed  record  No. 

StMe  of afovMdd,  im 

ifsaIdR.S.,tHbriiWMi 


CONVEYANCES. 


i65 


Affidavit  of  A.  A.  annexed,  that  aald  R.  S.  was  un- 
marrietl  at  the  date  of  hit  death. 

An  Act  entitled  "An  act  to  release  the  interest  of 

Ihe  people  of  the  Suie  in  lots  numbenHl  from to 

,  and to  ,  and lo  ,  inciiulvo,  in 

— "•  i.~r~,  fo""'/'  »«.  known  and  de«ignaled  as  the 
— —  sulidivi«lon  of  said ,  conveyed  by  S.  F.,  sher- 
iff of  said  county,  to  R.  S.,  and  which  escheated  on  his 

death  to  his  son  S.  S.    Approved  (#r  passed )." 

^^f >  P  ,T~-     Kelesses  all  the  estate,  light,  title. 

and  interest  of  the  people  of  this  State  acquirad  fcy  es- 
cheat upon  the  death  of  said  R.  S.  In  and  to  said  prcm. 
ites  to  his  son  S.  S. 

9f?''Lfi?°*™'**'"'"'y'''»'>  full  covenants  from  S.  S. 
and  his  wife,  conveving  said  lott  to  T.  U.  Consideration 
-— -,  executed  and  acknowledged  (wife  separately  ex- 

amined) ,  recorded  in  deed  record  No. .  of  said 

county.  ' 

Etc.,  etc. 

Opinion  concerning  title  to  aald  lota,  numbered 
from to ,  etc. 

n.r^iT-^J'f""""/'*,."''"  ?'  »•••  transfara  abova 
mentioned  I  am  of  the  opinion : 

-.:».V.u"  "it  *•■•'>•'«'»  "ud  tha  aeknowladir- 

("'cWgrr/Jtr; """  '•""'•»''  '•«-"y«»«^« 

-.TJ"'  "*  'neuntbrancea  attach  at  thia  data  upon 
•aid  pramiaas  (except,  etc.,  iMing  omW,  i/  ij^ 

i»Tr- iJS!'*J'j  "•  '••«'«•<'  of  •«>  Indafaaaible  aetata 

That,  etc. 

^■" •  {^emrturt  rf  Comityanctr, 

AssiONMENTs.     See  that  title,  anta. 
.   ^fOfiy^YANCES  are  transfen  of  the  title 
of  land  from  one  or  more  persons  or  corporations 
to  another  or  others.     It  is  the  instrument  of 
writing  for  effecting  such  transfer. 

Absolute  conveyances  of  real  property*  are 
either  original  (primary)  or  derivative  (second- 
ary). Original  conveyances  are  by  exchange, 
feoffment.'grant,  lease,  and  partition.  Second- 
ary conveywices  are  by  assignment,  confimia- 
lion,  defeasance,  and  surrender.  See  these 
titles,  below. 

Cmditional  conveyances  of  real  property  are 
by  mortgage.     See  MoRtCAOE,  below. 

Conveyannt*  deriving  their  force  from  stat- 
utes of  twes  art  Bargains  and  sale,  covenants 
to  stand  seized,  deeds  to  lead  or  declare  the 
uses  of  oOier  more  direct  conveyances,  deeds 
of  revocation  of  uses,  and  lease  and  release.! 

Conveyances  by  matter  of  record  are:  By 
common  recovery,  hf  fines,  by  grants  (as  by 
patente)  of  1m:  d»,  and  by  private  acU  of  the 
legislatnre. 

Derivativt  {or  Secondary)  conveyances  are 
thoie  which  prcsumwic  some  other  conveyance 
precedent,  and  only  serve  to  alter,  confirm,  en- 
large, mtrain,  restore,  or  transfer  the  interest 
granted  by  such  original  conveyance.'^ 

J^ttmdtUemt  conveyance  is  a  conveyance  the 

object,  tendency,  or  effect  of  which  is  to  defraud 

another,  or  the  intent  of  which  is  to  avoid  some 

••»*'•  V.  190,  394.    f-Gifts  of  corporeal  haredita- 

Comas.  3«4.»    l-»  Kent.  Comm.  *jo;   4  id.  46s.    K 

«9« ;    3  W .  ft  S.  355 :    4  Sred.  loa ;   a  Pidcro-i  •    so  Id 
»4»,  354 :  I  Ohio,  f«9 :  a  South.  7^8-*, HH  «  'c\M- 


dutv  or  debt  due  by  or  incumbent  on  the  party 
making  it.' 

All  conveyances  made  with  intent  to  defrnud 
creditors  are  void.  Voluntary  convey&nce*  are 
not  so  construed,  where  the  subEequent  pur- 
chaser has  notice,  especially  if  there  oe  a  good 
consideration.)  But  although  such  conveyances 
arc  void  as  regards  purchasers  and  creditors, 
they  are  valid  as  between  the  parties.* 

Oripnal  {of-  Primary)  conveyances  are  thoM 
i>y  which  the  benefit  or  estate  first  arises  or  is 
created,  as  by  gift,  ^».m,  lease,  exchange,  par- 
tition, etc'  a  » ("• 

Voluntary  conveyances  are  transfers  of  es- 
tate made  without  any  adequate  consideration 
of  value. 

Whenever  a  voluntary  conveyance  is  made,  a 
presumption  of  fraud  properly  arises.  This 
presumption  may  be  repelled  by  showing  that 
the  transaction  on  which  the  conveyance  was 
founded  virtually  contained  some  conventional 
stipulations,  some  compromise  of  interesti.,  or 
reciprociiy  of  benefits,  that  point  out  an  object 
and  motive  b^ond  the  indulgence  of  affection 
or  claims  of  kindred,  and  not  reconciUble  with 
the  supposition  of  intent  to  deceive  a  purchaser. 
Btit  unless  so  repelled,  such  a  conveyance, 
coupled  with  a  subsequent  negotiation  for  sale, 
18  conclusive  evidence  of  a  statutory  fraud." 

A  distinction  is  made  between  previous  and 
subsequent  creditors;  such  a  conveyance  is  void 
as  to  the  former,  but  not  as  to  the  latter."  And 
a  conveyance  by  a  father  who.  though  in  debt, 
u  not  in  embarrassed  circumstjnres,  who  makes 
a  reasonable  provision  for  a  child,  leaving  prop- 
erty sufficient  to  pay  his  debts,  is  not  Afr  se 
fraudulent.* 

Gifts  of  goods  and  chattels,  as  well  as  of 
lands, .  writing  or  otherwise,  mnde  with  in- 
tent to  delajr,  hinder,  and  defraud  creditors,  are 
void  as  kgain^t  the  p»ison  to  whom  such  frauds 
are  prejudicial.* 

As  between  the  parties  such  conveyances  are 
in  general  good.i  And  when  it  has  once  been 
executed  and  delivered,  it  cannot  be  recalled, 
even  .vhere  an  unmarried  man  executes  a  vol- 
untary trust  deed  for  the  benefit  of  future  chll- 
dren;  nor  can  he  relieve  himself  from  a  provi- 
sion in  the  conveyance  to  the  trustee  under 
which  the  income  of  the  trust  properiy  is  to  be 
paid  to  him  in  the  discretion  of  a  third  person.' 
AcacNOWLEDGMro^T.  .See  Uiat  title,  ante, 
where  the  precise  legal  requisite*  and  practical 
forms  in  general  use  in  each  of  the  States,  Ter- 
ritories, and  Canadas  are  given. 

AssuiAWE.  Any  instrument  which  con- 
firms the  tide  to  an  estate,  or  u  legal  evidence 
3  Johns.  Ch.  481^     And  see  6  Ala.  (N.  S.)  506 :  g  Id 

i%=,kp  ♦"'  *y^<,ri   aJT.  Const.  ,80',*  fSr^S: 
<^.  m-    r*  Myine  ft  K.  «^eee  a  Matt.  Ch. 


m 


mm 


i«6 


CONVEYANCES. 


of  the  tniNfar  of  pmpaty,  b  called  an  utur- 
■nue.*  Cammon  uautmncet  are  de«di  at  con- 
veyuicet  which  make  safe  or  anure  to  a  man 
the  title  to  nis  estate,  and  thm  whether  they  are 
inKrumonts  «t  conveyance  or  to  chaige  or  dis> 
cibaive. 

"  FurtlKr  amirance  "  is  a  phrase  frequently 
used  in  covenants  when  a  covenantor  has 
mnted  an  t>«tate,  anc  it  is  suppoaed  that  some 
rarther  conveyance  may  be  nequired ;  he  then 
ennen  into  n  covenant  for  fUrthen'  assurance, 
that  is,  to  nialie  any  otter  ciMtveyance  which 
may  InwfuUv  be  requinnl  See  0»VENANTS, 
beiiow. 

AmtSTA'  !)!i  is  die  aa  of  witaeasing  an  in- 
strument in  Aiiiing,  at  the  request  at  the  party 
making  the  same,  and  subscribing  it  as  a  wit- 
ness.* 

Cpnv<  yances  at  common  law  did  not  require 
attestation  in  order  to  be  valid.* 

Attestation  of  conveyances  is  required  in 
many  of  the  States,  in  others  it  is  not  necess.tr  <■ 

The  attmttng  witness  need  not  see  the  granted 
write  his  nasM: ;  if  he  sign  in  the  presence  of 
the  grantor,  and  at  his  request,  it  is  sufficient.' 
Where  there  are  statutory  regulations  on  the 
iuUeot,  they  must  be  complied  with. 

Wills  must  be  attested  by  competent  and 
credible  witnesses,*  who  must  subscribe  their 
names  attesting  in  the  presence  of  the  testator.* 

See  atiestation  clauses  in  ASSIGNMENTS; 
Contracts,  ante. 

Backside  ii  the  yard  at  the  back  part  of  or 
behind  the  house,  and  belonging  thereto.  This 
term  was  formerly  much  used,  both  in  convey- 
ances and  pleading,  but  now  is  seldom  used, 
and  occurs  only  in  conveyances  which  repeat 
an  ancient  description.^    See  Yard,  below. 

Bargain  and  sale  is  a  contract  or  bargain 
by  the  owner  of  land  in  coniiderat^on  of  money 
or  its  equivalent  paid,  to  sell  land  to  another 
person  called  the  limrKainee,  whereupon  a  use 
arises  in  &vor  of  fne  latter,  to  whom  the  seiain 
is  transfened  by  force  (rf  the  statute  c(  uses.* 
In  consequence  of  the  consideration  paid,  and 
the  biugiin  made  by  the  vendor,  of  which  the 
conveyance  was  evidence,  a  use  was  raised  at 
once  in  the  bargainee;  to  this  use  the  statute 
of  uses  transfmed  and  aimexed  the  seizin 
whereby  a  complete  estate  vested  in  the  bar- 
gainee.* 

All  things,  for  the  moat  part,  that  may  be 
granted  by  any  deed  may  be  granted  by  iMrgain 
and  sale,  and  an  estate  may  be  created  in  fee. 


a  Can.  Eccl.  3io;"Vld.  \ 
And  see  iiGny, 


H-s  n.  Comm.   ,_     _  _ 
454:   t  Vei.  &  B.Ch.  36*; 
>jnek.  373-    ■-«  Wood  <5o».  f54 ;  a  M.  Cmoin.  30 


154;    J  Ve».  Ch. 
Marrii,  146;    17 


194.     t-3  P.  Wmji.  a 
Vei.  &  B7Sh.36.i   3A.  *t 

'Mck.  3»3.    ■-«  Wood  Cbov.  354 ;  a  1 

(Dane  Xbr.  3S4 ;  Cli««ves,B73 ;  la  Met.  Mms.    v-a 

ftp.  ai7.    W-tGnml.Kv.e91:  9Pick.ijo:   i  Burr 
;  4  Buni.  Ecd.  (PMB.  Ed.)  116.    x-7  Hmt.  ft  J.  61 


414 ;  4  Buni.  Ecd.  (PMB.  Ed.)  116. 
3  Haurr.  ft  M'fi.  457 .    1  LcWl.  6 : 
■"       ~    '  ••  itt;  Cwrtn.  79'. 

aCuth. 


s&S. 


a  Oreeal.  £«■! 
I  Va.  Ch. 


ilM.    And  see  ijCny,  toj     aCush.  ua.  i  Vc*.  Ch. 
ii ;  «  W»»hb.  R.T^rop,  «•».    »-l3ilt«y^.  177;  »U 
Rtym.  ijgo.    m^  Waskb.  R.  Prop.  iit.    «-Td.  laS,  ft 
Iff.    te4  Co.  $4;   Dyw,  309..  t*  *"*•»•  ?,  ^'^■ 


iiii.«:'ftj."W!  « w.ts:3Kff'?«f<i"|i.  5»s:  - 

Cew.Cn    uo.  Car.  ss>9 ;  ~!'i^«  uls- >°T.    C-wJmhw. 


or  for  years.*  There  must  have  been  a  valua- 
ble consideration,*  though  it  need  not  be  ex- 
pressed.* 

The  proper  and  technical  words  to  denote  a 
bargain  and  sale  are  "  Bargain  and  sell,"  but 
any  other  words  that  are  sufficient  to  raise  a  use 
upon  a  valuable  consideration  are  sutficient  ,* 
as,  for  example:  "Make  over  and  grant,'" 
"  Release  ana  assign."* 

Bearing  date.  These  words  are  frequently 
used  in  conveyancing  to  introduce  the  date 
which  has  been  put  upon  an  instrument,  and  to 
designate  some  instrument  to  which  reference 
is  made.    For  example:  Whereas,  by  an  in- 

strument  of  writing,  bearing  date  the day 

of -,  C.  D.  did,  etc. 

Behoof  is  advantage,  benefit,  profit,  uee, 
service. 

Bipartite  is  the  being  in  two  correspond- 
ing parts ;  two  similar  conveyances,  one  for  ealh 
party.  The  usual  form  of  introduction  is: 
"  This  conveyance  {or  indenture)  bipartite  be- 
tween A.  B.  of  the  one  part  andf  C.  D.  of  the 
)ther  part,  witnesseth,"  etc. 

Bonds.    See  title  Obligations,  post. 

By  .    TiMATiaN.    See  Estimation,  below. 

Confirmation.  Where  a  conveyance  has 
been  informally  made  it  may  be  confirmed  by  a 
valid  conveyance  confirming  the  voidable  one. 
See  Contracts,  ante. 

Cancellation  Is  the  act  of  crossing  out  ot 
oblUerating  a  writing ;  the  manua  i  operation  of 
destroying  or  tearing  a  written  instrument." 

Covenants  are  subject  to  the  same  rules  as 
other  contracts,  in  regwrd  to  the  i|ualification  of 
parties,  the  assent  required,  and  ihe  nature  of 
the  purpose  for  which  the  contract  is  entered 
into.  See  Contracts,  ante.  No  particular 
words  are  necessary  to  raise  a  covenant,  express 
or  implied.*  Describing  lands  in  a  deed  as 
bounded  on  a  street  of  a  certain  description 
raises  a  covenant  that  the  street  shall  be  of  that 
description^*  awl  that  the  purchaser  shall  have 
the  use  thereof,**  and  binds  subsequent  purchas- 
en  from  the  grantor.' 

— ~  To  convey  are  those  by  which  the  cov 
enantor  undertakes  to  convey  to  the  covenantee 
the  estate  describ>jd  in  the  covenant  under  cer- 
tain circumstances."  If  is  satisfied  only  by  » 
perfect  conveyance  c4  the  Wnd  borgained  for,* 
and  not  satirfied  where  an  imperfect  convey- 
ance has  been  accepted.* 

For  further  asmranee  are  thaee  by 


4(6;  MK  a  Wssbb  R.  Prop,  lu :  1  Saadf.  Ch.  •»; 
15en.  aoi ;  19  Wood,  jat :  7  Vt.  s» ;  :  Pemn.  M; 
Mo.  553;    t  Overt.   aSr       «.a  Wood  Conv.  15.      1 


SS3 
Jotiw.  J»4  _Jt-8  Barb^443 


SMtdf.  Ch.  •: 
:  Pemn.  a  . 
ood  Conv.  15.  f-j 
McaWash  R.  Prop. (Sao: 
Shm.  'foiiehif.  saa.  li-rEq.  Cas.  Abr  409 ;  itoberts 
Wilis,  3«7,  n.  As  to  the  effect  of  ctncellina  an  unre- 
«»d«ddeed,  we  Gilbert  Sv.  109:  Cre«nl  Ev.  J»«5:  i 
lie.  78:  loMau.  403:  II  Id.  337:  9  Pick.  105;  4  r<. 
If.  191 :  a  J'?hiMi.  Sa  ;  4  Conn.  450;  sId.  86,  a<5a;  4 
y***.  A7'  And  ser  geiierally  <.»n  thia  subjest,  4  Bout. 
lM«_g34<r,  Mas     larrasn  Wills:    Roberta  WlJla; 


ired.  149 


I    i-rGrsy, 


1-7  Grw,    , 

tld.jgf:  M  U).  i^i    <9Qliie,  Ml' 


£»■      4  Kent.  Comm  5JI.     l-ii 

5f.:     Ji  5Ud.5»4;  a3N.H,a«i. 

F«nn.  $1,308;    ijBarb.  6.^r   4 

ai-19  Barb.  6]^ 


1st  have  be«n  a  valua- 
h  it  need  not  be  ex- 

ical  words  to  denote  a 
Bawain  and  sell,"  but 
lumcient  to  raise  a  use 
ration  are  sutiicientj* 
le  over  and  grant,"' 

«  words  are  frequently 

0  introduce  the  date 
an  instrument,  and  to 
nt  to  which  reference 
!  Whereas,  by  an  in- 
ing  date  the day 

I,  benefit,  profit,  oae, 

ng  in  two  correspond- 
veyances,  one  for  etth 
of  introduction  is : 
denture)  bipartite  be- 
Mut  ana  C.  D.  of  the 
itc. 
lOATIONS,  post. 

1  Estimation,  below, 
ere  a  conveyance  has 
may  be  conlirnied  by  a 
ling  the  voidable  one. 

act  of  crossing  out  at 
lemamin!  operation  of 
ritten  instrument.* 
:t  to  the  same  rules  an 
to  the  qualification  of 
ed,  and  the  nature  of 
te  contract  is  entered 

ante.  No  particular 
be  a  covenant,  express 
r  lands  in  a  deed  as 
a  certain  description 
istreetsballbeot  that 

purchaser  shall  have 
b  subsequent  purchas- 

jse  by  which  the  cov 
»vey  to  the  covenantee 
ic  covenant  under  cer- 
is  satisfied  only  by  n 
s  kind  bargained  for," 
an  imperfect  convey- 

mrenee  are  thtkse  by 

lu:  iSaadt  Ch.  ISO;  4 
vs.  «2;  :  Penn.  M;  1 
-2  Wood  Conv.  15  f-i 
we  a  Wash  R.  Prop.  (Sao : 
1.  Cas.  Abr.  409;  Roberts 
let  of  csncdlin^  an  unre- 
109:  Gnwnl.  EAt.  {>6j:  1 

t.  337 ;  9  P'cl'-  "05 :  4  «<• 
in.  430:  5  Id.  86,  a4a:  4 
ly  un  this  lubjec!,  4  Boiuv. 
1  Wills;  Robert*  WiJU; 
Kent.  CoRim  531.  l-ii 
;-5Md.5i4;  33N.H,3«i. 
31.308;  ijB»rb.  «39;  4 
*»,  347.    ■-•»  B«A.  6» 


CONVEYANCES, 


•«r 


which  the  covenantor  undertakes  to  do  such 
reasonable  acts,  in  addition  to  those  already 
performed,  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  com- 
pletion of  the  transfer  made,  or  intended  to  be 
made,  at  the  reouirement  of  the  covenantee.  It 
relates  both  to  the  title  of  the  venf^or  and  to  the 
instrument  of  conveyance  to  the  vendee,  and 
operates  a*  well  to  secure  the  performance  of  all 
acts  for  supplying  any  defects  in  the  former  as 
to  remove  all  objections  to  the  sufficiency  of  the 
latter.P  The  covenantor,  in  the  exerution  of 
bis  covenant,  is  not  required  to  perform  unne- 
cessary acts.< 

Agaiml  inctimbrancts  are  those  having 

for  their  object  security  against  those  rights  to, 
or  interests  in,  the  land  granted,  which  may 
subsist  in  third  persons,  to  and  thus  diminish 
the  value  of  the  estate,  though  consistently  with 
the  passing  of  the  property  by  the  deed  of  con- 
veyance. The  mere  existence  of  incumbrances 
constitutes  a  breach  of  this  covenant,'  without 
regard  to  the  knowledge  of  the  grantee.'  The 
covenantee  may  extinguish  the  incumbrance 
and  recover  therefor  at  his  election,  in  the  ab- 
sence of  an  ap^reement.*  The  measure  of  dam- 
ages is  the  injury  actually  sustained." 

Not  to  sue  are  those  entered  into  by  a 

party  who  has  a  cause  of  action  at  the  time  of 
making  it,  by  which  he  agrees  not  to  sue  the 
party  liable  to  such  action .  A  limited  covenant 
not  to  sue,  by  which  the  covenantor  agrees  not 
to  sue  for  a  lirrited  time,  does  not  operate  a  re- 
lease ;  and  a  breach  must  be  taken  advantage 
of  by  action.'  A  perpctupl  ">venant  not  to  sue 
(or  one  by  which  the  <•  ar>to?  r.gn^es  not  to 
sue  the  covenantee  at  ny  time)  operates  as  a 
release  to  the  covenant.  ,nd  may  be  set  ap  as 
sach.*  But  such  a  covenant  with  one  of  sev- 
eral joindy  and  severally  bound  will  not  pro- 
tect the  others  sr,  bound,*  AnJ  a  covenant  by 
one  of  several  partners  not  to  sue  cannot  be  set 
up  as  a  release  in  an  action  by  all.' 

JFor  qttiet  enjoyment   are  assurances 

against  the  consequences  of  a  defective  title, 
and  of  any  disturbance^  therwipon.*  When  it 
.s  general  in  iu  terms  the  covenantor  stipulates 
at  all  events*  to  indemnify  the  covenantee 
against  all  acts  committed  by  virtue  of  a  para 
mount  title  ;•>  not,,  however,  including  the  acts 
of  a  mob,*  nor  a  mere  trespass  by  the  lessor.'' 

jpPUtt  Cov.  3«t;  see  9  Wi^b.  R.  Prop.  A4S;  to 
Me.  91;  4  Mast  617:  10  Cu*h.  134.  o-Yelv.  44;  0 
Price,  43;  »oe  tMe  RtAt-  Piio»«i»ty.  rncumbr.^ca(. 
tip«t  r-a  Washb.  R.  Prop  658 ;  to  Ala.  137,  .56.  «.a 
Greeol.  Ev.  |»4a;  ayVt.  739;  8  lad.  i«  ;  jo  Id.  434. 
*-♦  I™?-  533 :  19  Mo.  480;  as  N.  H.  369;  33  Id.  299 
H-yJohot.  358;  id  Id.  954;  5  Me.  94;  3414.409:  «* 
««»»■  »Hi  jCush.  ioi:  9oN.  H.389;  as  W  999.  v- 
h.63:    I  Show.  46;   aSalk,  573;    6  W< 


Carth. 


OJ,^»3Ti'4,«"Ai,'"ii.s.";jir."wk;R.  p!?.«iSy  • 


aSelk  j7s:  3ld  a^;  aa  Mod 
94  17  Id.  (n%\  1 1nd.  473; 
-taMbd.  5$iL«T  B   i«; 


T  R.  c-»S:8!«f  4S<i 

4»5i   7  ^- ■>»''.  lii;    tf>  Id.  a4 

.AAdtMii  IS,  a:S.i4()     x-ia  .„ „.,»,., 

6Maiif.  ..;  tCunn.  135;  4  Me.  491  j  aDMB,  S07;  tj 
MM»«»|.  y-3  Perr.  &D  i«i.  s-FlactCov  319.  ». 
,",?»»■  *««:  J  Mod.  101.  b-nattCov.  313;  lev.  83; 
8  M  TM ;  Hob.  J4 ;  4  Co.  80,  t.;  Cn>.  Car.  $ :  3  T.  R. 
0  Id.  Ss;  5  rhier,  464 ;  'ijoita,  joi;  Bucb.  ^84  :  j 
96r.  c-io  Ml»s.  87;  It  Strobi  M-  ^-ioNT  Y: 
>»i,     e-Cre.  Bk«»!  sM.&S,  ^/4;  «B.*C.a»; 


^k^ 


But  this  rule  may  bevariet!  by  the  terms  of  the 
covenant,  as  where  it  is  against  acts  of  a  par 
ticular  person,*  or  "  tho^e  claiming  or  pretend- 
ing to  claim,"'  or  molestation  by  any  person.*  It 
occurs  most  frequently  in  leases,*  and  is  there 
held  to  be  raised  by  the  wordn  grant,  demise, 
lease,  yielding  and  paving,  give,  etc.,'  and  ex- 
Jsts  implietlly  in  a  parol  leased  It  is  frequently 
replaced  in  conveyances  by  the  covenant  of 
warranty.* 

0/  seinin  (or  poasessionj  are  assurances 

'.o  the  grantee  that  the  grantor  has  the  very  es- 
tate, l»th  in  quantity  and  quality,  which  he 
professes  to  convey.'  A  covenant  for  indefeas- 
ible seizin  is  everywhere  held  to  run  with  the 
land,"  and  to  apply  to  all  titles  adverse  to  the 

? [ranters."  A  covenant  of  seizin  of  whatever 
brm  is  broken  at  the  time  of  the  execution  of 
the  Heed  if  the  grantor  has  no  p<«session  either 
by  himself  or  another,  and  no  rights  can  pass 
to  the  assignee  of  the  grantee.*  The  existence 
of  a  life  extale.P  a  material  defici<t.<icy  in  the 
amount  of  !and,<  non-existence  of  the  land  de- 
scribed,' the  existence  of  fences  or  other  fix- 
tures on  the  premises  belonging  to  other  persons 
who  have  a  right  to  remove  them,*  concurrent 
seizin  of  another  as  tenant  in  common,'  adverse 
tKMsession  of  a  part  by  a  stranger,  constitutes  a 
breach  of  this  covenant.  But  the  covenantee 
cannot  recover  against  his  grantor  when  the 
covenantee  purchased  knowing  that  he  had  no 
good  title." 

To  stand  stiud  to  usts  are  covenants  by 

means  of  which,  under  the  statute  of  uses,  a 
conveyance  of  an  estate  may  be  effected.'  Such 
a  covenant  cannot  furnish  the  ground  for  an 
action  of  covenant  broken.  And  the  consider- 
ation for  such  a  covenant  must  be  relationship, 
cither  by  blood  or  marriage.*  As  a  mode  of 
conveyance  it  hai  fallen  into  disuse,  though  the 
doctrine  h  often  resorted  to  by  courts  in  order 
to  give  effect  tc  the  intention  of  the  parties  yrho 
have  undertaken  to  convey  lands  by  deeds 
which  are  insufficient  for  the  purpose  under  the 
rules  required  in  other  forms  of  conveyance.* 

Of  warraiUy  are  assurances  by  the 

grantor  of^an  estate  that  the  grantee  shall  enjoy 
the  same  without  interruption  by  virtue  of  par- 
amount {Mm J  Such  covenants  give  the  covo 
nantee  and  grantee  the  benefit  of^subsequently 


»  Veatr.  fli.    

Miss.  87.    k-iWaehb 
^;  9  N.  M.  a«»; 
iCeat  Comai.  474,  n. 
a<o;   gee  X  Doe;,  176 
Pl*rt  Cov.  306. 


f-io  Mod.  383 , 

R.  Prop.  395. 


K  N.  y. 


m-aVl  ,^, ^.  , 

,  Sr.ee.-l,  193 ;  i4johiH.  94i3 ;  24  Pick.  198 ;  10  Mo.  &. 
M-a  Washb.  R.  Kop.  656.     -^     '  • 


I  Ventr.  175.    y-See  91 
„JP-  3>i-    *-'  Per-  &  D- 

d*R^p^^*^<&ri 


9  Vi.  397 :  5 

.,  .  ..».  .,„,    .  ™>...  »,«..  .,50:    lyOhiio, 

ij-.-:i-'  3Mi   4Cranch,  4jo;   36Me.  ito;    24  AI«. 

N  S.  >«9_j   4  Kenl.  Comm.  471 :   a  W,i«hb.  R.  Prup. 


Conn.  497;    14  Pick.  170; 
Ci»tt. 


<o.  8 

N  f 
«5«- 


>i  Johns.  I ;  -  . 
:  Met.  Mass.  450; 


".4    4  »veni.     .„ ,,.  ,    .    ..  ,.i«..^.  ,x.  ,,«,,. 

I*-*??''?.^^  sa      «-sBay,  a56;    sec  ^14  MU». 

S^  .  /■•■'  ^i^-  5*1:  1  P-^""-  St  'as.  *i-i9  Me.  389. 
t-7  JohiM.  3j6.  n-Kawte  Cov.  ui-114:  8  Ptck.  547-, 
99  H.  490;  «  Curfi  197  *-Burton  R.  Prop.  136, 14$. 
W-..  f  <^.  R.  JVop.  >ao,  130;  see  9  3«M  34"  «-» 
W»iM>,  R.  PrWr  IU.  1*5;  '4  Sandcrt  Uses,  79. 83;  4 

1^J» '**''■'*■    >'■"■'**••'»»'» 


nk 


I 


CONVEYANCES. 


•cquiired  title*,*  to  the  extent  ot  their  tenns* 
(but  not  if  an  interest  actually  pomes  at  the 
time  of  making  the  conveyance  upon  which  the 
covenaiirmay  o|)erate) ;''  in  case  of  a  term  for 
y  ,»rs  as  well  as  conveyances  of  greater  estates," 
as  against  the  grantor  ,\»d  thwe  claiming  under 
••'•n,*  including  purchases  for  value.*  And  this 
l>rinciple  does  not  operate  to  prevent  the  grant- 
ee's actio:?  for  breach  of  the  covenant,  if  evicted 
by  such  title.' 

When  geneifti,  this  covenant  applies  to  law- 
ful adverse  claims  of  all  persons  whatever. 
When  special,  it  applies  only  to  the  particular 
nenon  or  claims  to  which  its  operation  is  lim- 
ited or  restricted.*  A  limitation  uiay  arise  from 
the  nature  of  the  subject-matter  of  (he  grant.^ 

The  covenant  of  warrsnty,  until  broken, 
posies  with  the  land  to  the  heir  of  the  grantee ; 
or  if.the  land  be  assigned  or  conveyed, It  passes 
to  the  assignee,  and  when  broken,  the  heir  or 
assignee  intured  by  the  breach  can,  in  his  own 
name,  maintain  an  action  against  the  warrantor, 
and  may  maintair.  an  action  against  every  in- 
termediate warrantor,  and  prosecute  the  same  to 
judgment.  A  judgment  against  one  will  be  no 
bar  to  a  suit  against  another.  A  satisfaction  is 
the  only  bar.'  To  constitute  a  breach,  there 
must  be  an  eviction  by  paramount  title,)  which 
may  be  constructive.'  And  it  is  stifficient  if  the 
tenant  yields  to  the  true  owner,  or  if,  the  prem- 
ises being  vacant,  such  owner  takes  posses- 
sion.' 

The  action  for  l^each  should  ha  brought  by 
the  owner  cf  Ae  land,  and,  as  such,  assignee 
of  tne  covenant  at  the  time  it  is  broken,"  but 
»My  be  by  the  original  covenantee,  if  he  has 
satisfied  the  owner.* 

The  form  of  the  covenant  of  warranty  in  com- 
mon use  is  as  follows :  "And  I  {ar  we)  the  said 
(^here  give  name  of  grantor  or  grantors)  for 
i.iyself,  my  {or  ourselves,  our)  heirs,  executors, 
and  adminU(rator8,do  covenant  with  laid  {here 
give  grantee  or  grantees'  names)}  his  {.or 
their)  heirs  and  assigns,  that  I  {or  we),  my  {cr 
our)  heirs,  executors,  and  adminis^iitois,  shall 
"WARRAhrr  and  defend  the  same  to  said  {re- 
peat grantee^  Hames),\n% iorXYmr)  heirs  and 
assigns  forever,  against  the  lawful  claims  and 
demands  of  all  persons  (or  of  all  persons  claim- 
ing by,  through,  or  under  me  [or  us],  but  agairst 
none  other,  or  any  other  spenal  tovenant). 

Date.  Written  instruments  generally  take 
ef!ect  from  the  day  of  their  dote,  but  the  actual 

■■I,'  Johns.  o> :  i3  M.  316 ;  14  Id.  103 ;  9  Cow.  S71 ; 
6Wat«t,Sc<:  oCranoi, 43;  liN.H.  j&:  cOtiio,iao: 
3  Id.  rJ7:  3FlCk.  S3;  13  Id.  ild;  14  Id.  334:  3  ifet. 
■II ;  13  Ma.  alfi ;  10  Id.  ito.  B-ii  Vt.  39 :  3  Met.  lai ; 
9  Cow.  171;   34  Ma.  483.    l»-3  McLean  C.  C.  S^:^ 


ijT.     «-Burton 
Wash.  b.  R.  Prop. 


Cow.  Wi :    ttf  Pick.  47 :    5  Gratt. 
Prop.  I  tea;  Wan.  R.  Prop,  rtao  ■ 

tii;  4  Kant  Comn.  *6i,  a..-  Cro.  Car.  w»f;  t  U. 
tayin.  fw;  4  Wand.  «n:  t  Johna.  Cas.  19a.  4l-3 
War.hb.  R.  Prop.  47J,  ^.  *-x.t,  Pick.  334 :  34  Id.  334 , 
{  I*.  H.  Sn;  ».»  W-  389;  5  Ms.  »3t :  33  John*.  loi ;  13 
Id.  jitfi  gCranch.  sji  (ae 4  Wand.  6(9 ;  18  Ga.  io« 
f  iGi»y,t95i  asVtesj:  isMa.499.  »<iW»»hb.». 
Prop.  46s.  Il-S  Pk".:.  547:  «9"Id.  3«:  s  Ohio.  100; 
9  Cow.  371.  l-s  Ohio,  154;  14  Id.  118.  X-Rawl.  Cuv. 
331  i  a  Barb.  165 :  s  Uarr.  ife  ;  it  Rich.  £ ;  13  La.  An. 
)90,499     5CJ.  sSs;  4  Ind.  174 :  6  Ohk> St.  $*$ :  ^ 


date  of  execution  may  be  shown,  though  differ- 
ent from  that  which  the  instrument  bean. 
Though  the  date  is  not  of  the  essence  of  the 
instrument  it  is  essential  to  the  identity  of  the 
writing  by  which  it  is  proved."  If  a  written 
date  be  an  impossible  one,  the  lime  of  delivery 
must  be  shown.' 

When  the  place  is  mentioned  in  the  date  of 
n  deed  the  law  presumes,  unless  the  contrary 
appears,  that  it  was  execut-rd  at  the  place  of  the 
date.« 

Deeds  are  absolute  conveyances;  instru- 
ments of  writing  by  which  lancls,  tenements,  or 
hereditaments  are  conveyed  for  no  less  an  estate 
than  for  life,  and  which  the  grantee  holds  in  his 
own  right,  subject  to  no  superior,  nor  to  condi- 
tions. As  to  their  requisites,  see  Deed  forms, 
below. 

To  declare  uses,  are  deeds  made  after 

n  fine  or  common  recovery  to  show  the  object 
thereof. 

To  lead  to  uses,  are  deeds  made  before 

.1  fine  or  common  recovery  to  show  the  object 
thereof. 

Poll,  are  deeds  made  by  a  single  party 

only.  That  is,  only  the  party  making  it  ex- 
ecutes it  or  binds  himself  by  it  as  a  deed.'  Its 
purpose  is  merely  to  transfer  the  rights  of  the 
grantor  to  (he  grantee.  A  deed  poll  (s  an  instru- 
ment of  one  part  only,  an  indenture  is  an  instru- 
ment of  two  parts.    See  Indentures,  below. 

In  form  this  instrument  begins :  "  Know  all 
men  by  these  piesenU  that  I,  A.  P.,  have  given, 
granted,  nnd  enfeoflTed,  and  by  these  presents  do 
give,  grant,  and  enfeoff,"  etc. 

Defeasanc£  may  be  effected  in  two  ways: 
I.  By  a  separate  instrument  (if  not  prohibited 
by  statute),  which  defeats  the  force  or  operation 
of  some  other  conveyancs  or  estate,  2.  By  a 
clause  in  the  same  instrument  or  conveyance 
which  defeats  the  force  or  operation,  the  con- 
veyance or  estate.  In  the  fit^  case  it  is  called 
n  "  defeasance,''  in  the  latter  a  "  condition."* 

The  defeasance  may  be  subsequent  to  the 
deed  in  case  of  things  executory,'-  but  must  be 
a  part  of  the  c|une  transaction  in  case  oX  an  ex- 
ecuted contract."  Yet  where  the  instrument  of 
defensance  is  (;xecut*d  subsequently,  in  pursif- 
ance  of  on  agreement  made  at  the  time  of  mak- 
ing the  original  conveyance,  it  is  sufR  '"iif ."  m 
w3l  as  whete  the  conveyance  anr,  ^■k<riitu:;-i 
bear  d'..erent  dates,  but  are  deU'<;i^u  at  ibt 
same  time.*     The  instrument  of   dc^cs.  i<jice 


k-i3 

•  IK. 


Me.  499,-   17  in.  18:  ;  s  Hill,  •» ;  4  Maw.  349  i    .  „ 

ti»;i^wi.»z.     I-$HII!.J9P:   4  Mas;.  149;   »W 
1&3 :  i  Ired.  39.1 ;  Ma  4  Ilab'.  139.    ■i-4  Jmnt.  89 ;  19 
Wend.  344i  a  Mass.  455."   7lo;i44i   1  v-uah.  319 ,•   10 
Me.  81 ;  5  Monr.  357 ;   «J  «•  H.  413-    ■"J  Cow.  tj7 
"  '       a  Met.  Mass.  6iti    i  Mi 


^3  Creeiil.  tv.  j|  13,  13,  480,  n.: 
t-j% ;  I  Johni.  C«».  91  ;  3  Wend. 
Ens.  1.-««EU  54».   -  '"-'•'    " 


1? 


10  Wend.  184:    a  Met.  Mass,  tf.8;    s  Monr. jr. 
Conn  144:  1  Dev  &  B.94:   to  0«.3ii,;  afivt.  tja. 
-       ■  -     ■-  -^  g  iim».  ijp ;  4  Carti. 

.    .,  _.  .   J>  Me.  343 

GreCjil,  CruiM  DIa  618,  n. 
Shepp.  'Jourfet.  73  ;  Cruise  Dig  »'.  3, 1 o.,  «|-Pl 
7.  *:  r-a  Waalib.  R.  P-op.  588.  *-Com.Pi».  Defeas- 
ance. t-Co.  Litt.a}7.'-.-3SaUiid.  4j  R-CoUtt.a^, 
*./  J  N.  H.  19  i  3  Micti.  48J ,  »  Walls,  4UI .  tx  Ala.  N. 
Srg.  v-a  Wuhb.  489.  w-i^Mhm.  46i.  >3  Pick.  411  : 
i8Id.  S4:>;  II  Pwui.  St.  131  i   7  Me.  43s:   ijAla.  a^fc 


xhown,  though  differ- 
e  inittrument  bean. 
)f  ihe  essence  of  the 

0  the  identity  of  the 
roved."  If  a  written 
:,  the  time  of  delivery 

itioned  in  the  date  of 
>,  uiilens  the  contrary 
l-nl  at  the  place  of  the 

conveyances ;  instru- 
A  landg,  tenements,  or 
:d  for  no  Usi  an  estiUe 
le  grantee  hr<lds  In  his 
uperior,  nor  to  condi- 
ites,  tee  Deed  forms, 

are  deeds  made  after 
iry  to  show  the  object 

re  deeds  made  before 
ry  to  show  the  object 

lade  by  a  single  party 
party  making  it  ex- 
by  it  as  a  ^ttH.'    Its 

sfer  the  rights  of  the 

1  deed  poll  is  an  instru- 
indpnture  is  an  inKtru- 
Indentures,  below, 
t  begins :  "  Know  all 
,t  I,  A.  P.,  have  given, 
d  by  these  presents  do 
etc. 

ffected  in  two  ways : 
ent  (if  not  prohibited 
the  fwce  or  operation 
:£  or  estate.  3.  By  a 
ument  or  conveyance 
■X  operation,  the  con- 
e  <in>t  case  it  is  called 
tter  a  "  condition."' 
be  subsequent  to  the 
xecutory,-  but  miut  be 
ction  in  case  of  an  ex- 
here  the  instrument  of 
ubsequently,  in  parw*- 
de  at  the  time  of  mak- 
ice,  it  is  snfl^t  '•;..'  ~  v. 
yance  anr.  i«*.".if '.•,!■.  rj 
are  deli'  crari  at  Uie 
ument  of   de'"'   .  .'.nee 

■455!  14A..  vv  fc-«» 
•^ :  4  M«M«.  319 ;   «  HI. 

^ :  4  Mm;.  M»  !  •  W- 
139.    ■i-4  lobm.89;  19 

I«ri44:  lovsh.  «9r   10 


H.  4«3-    «-5  Cow.  xii 
.  iit;    s  Moor. 
10  Ol.3tt:   a«  Vt.  ip. 


....  „__..  i»:  4C11A. 
srw.  »33  ;  J«  "Le-.»4J '    '? 


I,  CniiM  Dig  «i«,  'i-    IN 


\^i 


IMcaa- 


M-Com. 

Uiid.  4j     n-Ca  Utt.  ai6, 

*  WillH,  4UI  :  'il  Ala.  N 

iMiiM.  46j .  >3  Pick.  411  : 

7  Me.  4J5 ;   tj  Ala.  s^fc 


CONVEYANCEa 


ItfCllliM 


T?*^i  1  '  °^  "*  *''*''  *  nature  as  the 
principal  conveyance."  Defeasance  of  deeds 
conveying  real  estate  are  generally  subject  to 
the  same  rules  as  deeds  respecting  rcconi  and  no- 
tice to  purchMers.»  And  in  some  States  actual 
notice  is  not  sufficient  without  recording  the 
defeasance. 

DELIVERY  is  the  transfer  of  a  deed  from  the 
j;rantor  to  the  grantee,  or  some  person  acting  in 
his  behalf,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  deprive  the 
grantor  of  the  right  to  recall  it  at  his  option. 

Absolute  delivery  is  that  which  is  complete 
apon  the  actual  transfer  of  the  instrument  from 
ihe  possession  of  Ihe  grantor. 

Condition*l  delivery  is  that  which  passes  the 
deed  from  the  possession  of  the  grantor,  but  is 
not  to  be  completed  by  possession  in  the  grantee, 
or  a  third  person  ax  his  agent,  until  the  happen- 
\n^  of  a  specified  event.  A  deed  delivered  in 
this  manner  is  an  "  ttcrow,"  anti  such  delivery 
must  be  always  made  to  » third  pcraon,^  though 
where  the  transfer  to  the  possession  of  the  grantee 
»vas  meretv  to  enable  him  to  convey  it  to  a  third 
person  to  hold  as  an  escrow,  it  was  held  not  an 
absolute  delivery  to  the  grantee.' 

No  particular  form  of  procedure  is  required 
to  elfect  a  delivery.  It  mav  be  by  acu  merely, 
by  words  merely,  or  by  both  combined ;  but  in 
all  cases  an  intc  <ion  that  it  shall  be  a  delivery 
must  exist.*  Tise  deed  of  a  corporation  is  gen- 
erally delivered  by  affixing  the  corporate  seal  •> 
Delivery  may  be  made  by  an  agent  as  well  t% 
by  the  grantor  himself,'  or  to  an  agent  previ- 
ously appointed,*  or  subsequently  recognbed  ;• 
but  a  subbequent  assent  on  tlst  part  of  the 
grantee  will  not  be  presumed.' 

To  complete  a  delivery,  accepUnre  must  take 
place,  which  may  be  presumed  fron  the  grant- 
ee s  posMssion,!  from  the  relationship  of  a  per- 
son holding  the  detd  to  the  grantee .»  and  from 
other  circumstances.^ 

There  can  ordinarily  be  but  one  valid  deliv- 
er)r,J  which  can  take  place  only  after  complete 
exectrtion;"  but  there  must  be  one,'  and  from 
that  one  the  convejranct.  takes  effect." 

Estimation.  In  sales  of  land  it  frequently 
happens  that  the  property  is  said  to  contain  « 
certain  number  of  acrea  "  \n  estimation,"  or  so 
meny  acres,  "  more  or  less.'^  When  these  ex  - 
pressions  are  umkI,  if  the  land  MI  abort  by  a 

*••■  *4» ;  4J  M.  »o6.  X.3  Wmd.  «o8 ;  14  Id.  fa ;  7  S 
&  R.  a;  1.  Mass.  «6;  'rf  Ma.  447:  40  W.  S  y 
Shn..  Touch.!.  »iJS«.  Kl,.  .yX?t,  ^^  ^    /, 

« iiB.fi  C.  to.  ,n;oro.  m|.  /^K\  ■  •  wCi 
Oinv.  ,93 ;  6 Sim  Ch.  191 :  .,  vT.  i"'  Js  iie.  »,^ 
pfn?-.*'    '9r,'iJ'>!!»»-536:    .  John.  <^\W^.'X 


small  quantity,  the  purchaser  will  receive  no  re- 
lief. In  one  case  of  this  kind  the  land  fell 
short  two-fifths,  and  the  purchaser  received  no 
relief."  The  meaning  of  these  words  hv  never 
been  precisely  determined  by  judicial  decision.' 
See  More  or  Lkss,  below. 

Escrow  is  a  deed  delivered  to  a  stranger,  to 
be  by  him  delivered  to  the  grantee  uiwn  the 
event  cf  certain  conditions,  upon  which  last 
delivery  the  transmission  of  title  is  complete. 

The  delivery  must  be  to  a  stranger  »  The 
second  delivery  must  be  conditioned,  and  not 
merely  postponed.*  Care  should  be  taken  to 
express  the  intent  of  the  first  delivery  clearly.' 
An  escrow  has  no  effect  as  a  deed  till  the  per- 
formance of  the  condition'  lakes  effect  from  the 
second  delivery.*    See  Delivery,  above. 

ExEClTTE  is  to  make  and  deliver."  It  in- 
cludes all  the  essential  and  formal  parts  of  a 
conveyance  of  real  property. 

Expense.  When  there  is  no  express  agree- 
ment to  the  contrary,  the  expense  of  the  eon- 
veyance  falls  upon  the  purchaser,*  -  ho  must 
prepare  and  tender  the  conveyance."  The  ex- 
pense of  the  execution  of  the  conveyance  is,  on 
the  contrary,  always  borne  by  the  vendor." 

Fee  simple  is  nr*  estate  belonging  to  a  per- 
son and  his  heirs,  absolutely.  An  estate  of  in- 
heritance.y  The  word  "simple"  adds  no 
meaning  to  the  word  "  fee  "  standing  by  itself, 
but  it  extends  all  qualification  or  restriction  as 
to  the  persons  who  may  inherit  it  as  heirs,  thus 
distinguishing  it  from  a  "  fee  tail,"  as  well  as 
from  aii  esitate  which,  though  inheritable,  is  sub- 
ject to  conditions  or  collateral  determination.' 
A  fee  simple  is  the  largest  possible  estate  a  man 
can  have,  being  an  absolute  estate  in  perpetuity ; 
it  is  where  lands  are  given  to  a  person  and  h's 
heirs  absolutely,  without  any  end  or  limitation 
being  put  upon  the  esUte.* 

Fee  tail  is  uis  estate  limited  to  particular 
classes  of  ^icin.  An  inheritable  estate  whicii  can 
descend  to  certain  ola$s«>s  of  heirs  only.  It  is 
necessary  that  thes«  heirs  should  Lw  heirs  "of 
the  body  "  of  the  ancestor.  The  decent  o' 
property  is  in  general  regulaud  bj-  sUt;;re,  and 
unless  disposition  be  expressly  made  by  the 
owner  during  his  lifetime  will,  aOer  his  dcaj-, 
descend  according  to  such  statutory  reguUtions, 
and  not  by  common  law. 


- sac.  —  .,     __    „    _ 

Mils.  4*5;  4  V«M«,  «7l;  tg  M,.  190:  iSe  xVKmT^l 


5-»  Fn»m.  106:  *ee  i  Call.  30. :  4  K.  ft  M.  1*4;  f. 
Binn.  106:    I  S.  ft  R.  •««;   a  Mm.  37;    5  Id.  J^'  u 

Suriten  Vend.  9J1-.36.  p-g  M«,.  3^ ;  ^J  „  C^x^, 
*-;  T.  Muor^64..  5  BlMkr.  ,8;  ».,  W^ind.  ^l.iiS,. 
ft  B.  I w :  4  ljr„„  ,80 :  ja  Mj.  569.    %.i  Uit.  m...  ) 

w  M«.  5«9.'    «4  Conn    971;    3  Green  Ch.  155.    %.,x 

w*^SZ-  '-'^'''■S*:  <*«  J  Met.  (M.M."  ,, :  6 
mnd.  666;  .6  Vt  56,  :  jo  M«.  .  .0 ,  ,0  P*nn  it.  rtri 

C.  C.  60;  6  Hu«ri»  405;  3  Met.  (ilkss.)  4...  J,.i.  ft 
W.  53, ;  ,  S.nd.'.  Ch.  4w.    w-a  Ve..  Ch.  153,  note,  sr 

0>m«  ;.  Kand.ao;  »  Mcl*««  C  C  405;  C  2e  i 
Ma«!.  .^i    3W;4Ta;    Kunoni-ii  Dml  i  »  «.      w<:o 

mSj    ^*"'  ^'\\}  *^"''  ^«-  t*".-   Lilt.  It:    V 


■"■^^iswrawrt^pBBMSwjtw 


CONVEYANCES. 


■7* 

KEormitNT  wmt  on«  of  lh«  c»rlle«t  modes 
of  conveyance  u»ed  al  common  Uw. 

Grant  \h  a  generic  term,  «pplic«We  to  »n 
tr«nsfer»  of  real  properly.*  It  U  a  technical 
term  made  use  of  in  deedi  of  conveyance  of 
lands  to  import  a  lran»fer.«  and  ii  »*id  to  be 
conitrued  into  a  general  warranty. 

Grant  and  ukmise.*  Grant,  bargain, 
SELL.»  Grant,  bargain,  sell,  alien,  and 
CONFIRM.'  Theae  word*  are  uaed  in  a  ttmllar 
manner  to  the  word  grant  being  uied  in  inrtru- 
mcnts  of  convevftji^e  of  red  ettate.* 

GRANTEEti  me  tinoae  to  whom  a  conveyance 
■  made. 

Grantors  are  thoae  by  yrhrm  a  conveyance 

h  made.  ^ ,  ,  „    , , 

Habknoum  i»  the  clau»f  *hicb  usually  fol- 
lows the  granting  part  ^  f  the  premise*  of  a  con- 
veyance or  deed,  and  which  defines  th*  extent 
of  the  ownerthip  of  the  thing  granted  to  be  held 
and  enjoyed  by  the  grantee.*'  It  cominences 
with  the  words,  "  To  have  and  to  hold,  etc.' 
This  is  not  an  essential  part  of  a  conveyance 
or  deed,  but  serves  to  aualifv,  define,  or  control 
U^  and  may  be  rejecii  d  if  clearly  repugnant  to 
the  rest  of  the  inNtrum«nt.* 

Hereditaments  are  those  things  which  are 
capable  of  being  inherited,  whether  th*y  he  cor- 
poreal o"^  incorooreal,  real,  pei  lal,  or  inlsed, 
and  it  includes  "not  only  lasids  and  everything 
thereon,  but  aUo  heirlooms  and  certain  fnrnj- 
ture,  which  by  custom  may  descend  to  the  heir 
together  with  the  land  .•  This  term  denotes  such 
things  as  may  be  the  subject-matter  of  inherit- 
ance, but  not  th«  inherlunce  itself;  therefore 
it  cannot,  by  lu  own  intrinsic  fot-ce,  enlarge  an 
estate,  prima  facie  a  life  «tate,  into  an  abralute 
fee."  Corporeal  hereditamenU  ate  such  per- 
manent, snbatantial  objects  as  may  be  inherited ; 
the  term  "  l»-.d  "  will  include;  all  such."  In- 
corporeal hereditamenU  are  such  intatigihle,  tn- 
visible  things  as  arc  tie  sul^ectoJ"  ownership, 
and  are  inDeritable.*  Of  these  are  aannWea, 
eaaemsnts  of  air,  lig«»t,  etc  ,  eqairi«  of  re- 
demption.  fnuicluses,  reversioiae,  rents,,  and  Uw 

lik«.» 

Hold.    See  Habendwm,  above. 

Indenture.  This  is  a  fonnai  written  m- 
stnunent  between  two  or  more  psrsoos  in  dif^ 
ferenl  iniei  sts,  as  opposed  tc  '  Deed  Poll 
(wWc»)  is  made  tjy"*  single  person,  or  by  sev- 
eral  luiving  similar  innarests).  lu  name  comes 
from  a  pructice  of  uidenting  or  scalloping  such 
an  instrument  on  the  top  or  side  in  <»  wav- 
ing lim.  The  ancient  practice  was  ta  de- 
liver a*  many  copies  of  an  instrument  as  there 
woe  parties  to  it;  to  writt  liw)  copies  on 
the  same  parchnMmt,  with  tbe  word  "chirtv^ 


BM  V?ah.  R.   PropTSi..     M*.  ««*'^° 
wdCoav-mt;  4"  " 


graphum,"  or  nom^  other  word,  written  between 
them,  and  then  to  cut  them  apart  ihrougb  such 
word,  leav-g  part  of  each  letter  on  either  side 
of  the  line,  which  wa«  at  finit  straight  and  after- 
ward "  indented  "  or  notched.* 

In  witness  whereof.  These  words,  when 
conveyancing  was  in  the  Laiin  language,  were 
"  in  eujits  ret  intimonium,"  they  are  the  initial 
words  of  the  concluding  clause  in  conveyances  i 
"In  witness  whereof,  the  said  parties  have 
hereunto  set  their  hands,"  etc. 

In  testimony  whereof.  These  words  are 
the  initial  words  of  the  concluding  clause  in 
the  acknowledgment :  "  In  testimony  wheuof, 
I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  official  seal," 

Intended  to  be  »EC»iDEr  is  a  phiase  fre 
quently  used  in  conveyancing,  In  deeds  which 
recite  other  deed*  which  Iiawe  not  been  re- 
corded. It  has  been  construed  to  be  a  cove- 
nant on  the  part  of  the  grantor  to  procnre  the 
deed  to  b*  recorded  in  a  reasonable  time.' 

Inter  partes  (between  the  parties).    This 
signiiies  an  agreement  which  in  the  outset,  and 
before  any  stipulatisna  are  made,  to  be  between 
such  arid  HUcU  pewoM ;  as,  for  example :  "  This 
conveyance,  m^Jle  this  dav  of ,  be- 
tween A.  B.  cj  the  one  {or  first)   .  rt  mA  C. 
D.  of  the  otbjr  (mr  second),  witne;  <«?»-  "*  F  ich 
an  inlroduciiot.  is  a  solemn  declaratio    t.v^  ali 
lh<s  covenants  comprised  In  the  conveya.  j   «« 
to  be  covenants  between  these  parties  and  noiie 
others.     And  should  a  stipulation  be  fowid  in 
the  bikly  of  an  instmm<int  by  which  ••  the  said 
A.  B.  covenants  with  E.  F.  to  pey  him  one  hun- 
dred dollars,"  the  words  "  with  E.  F."  are  in- 
operative unless  they  have  been  used  to  denote 
for  whose  benefit  tbe  stipaUtlon  may  have  been 
made,  being  in  direct  contradiction  with  wnat 
was  previously  declared,  and  C.  D.  alone  can 
sue  for  the  non-i>ayment,  it  being  a  maxim  that 
where  two  opposite  intentiona  are  e«preiaed  in 
A  contract  the  fitst  in  order  Jiall  prevail.*    But 
this  rule  does  not  ap|rfy  to  simple  contracto.* 
When  there  are  more  than  two  sides  to  a  otm- 
veyaiice  "  inter  partes,"  as  between  A.  B.  of  the 
6rst  part,  C.  D.  of  the  second,  and  E.  F.  trfthe 
thin^  there  is  no  ot^ectlon  to  one  cov«n«»ting 
with  another  in  excMon  of  the  third.' 
JtroiaAL  MORTGAOtB  ar«  liens  resnUing  from 

ji^dgments,  whether  rendered  on  contested  c«es 
or  by  default,  whether  in  actions  or  special  pro- 
ceedings, and  whether  final  or  provisional  in 
Jivor  of  the  person  obtaining  them, 
Jtroici  AL  SALES  are  sal«i  W  authwity  of  some 

catnpetent  tribunal,  by  an  officer  authoiTsed  by 

law  Iba-  the  poifpote. 

B.  cwma.  tt.  "•-»  B.  *  P.  *i* :  •  T.  R.  joji  sssj 
WmiS^.  P«»p.  •-»  Sharsw.  ».  C<>«».  17.  J^ 
TTwSnn  T  nT  4.  »->  Wadib.  R.  Prop,  u :  t  HU. 
tertTR  1^^443:    iKeMCoBMB.  4«>£^t4S4      •-« 


J«4 

held  '■  oaM't  attm  f)0  iii  mi    ■  ~  "^^ ~ • ■riTZ., 

n8.    J-C<..Utt.6,«,iJB:  r     .jpdCoav.Mi:  4»«" 


Siil.ii7:.Sh<«r.5»;  Jje'-.'^jj^. f 

i.  «-»  D«i»t. «  R.  »n  ;3 

«^.  v-SM»0>.>a*:«ts 


.iirf:  .Shcnr.5»; 
7M,etW  «3 

«  Q.  B.  *D7  i  'iydl«.'Cww.  s«T^ 


'9? 


76:   RbSe, 

*43; 


ord,  written  betw«e« 
n  apart  ihrough  tuch 
;  letter  on  eltEer  title 
rat  ttntight  and  after- 
htd.* 

'ITietc  words,  when 
Latin  lanKuage,  wtre 
,"  they  are  the  initial 
atite  in  conveyance*  i 
e  Mkid  parties   have 

etc. 

>r.  The«e  words  are 
concluding  clause  in 
n  testimony  wheriof, 
t3id  and  official  seal." 

RDEH  is  a  phiaae  fre- 
iclng,  in  deedf  which 
li  liave  not  been  re- 
iKlrued  to  be  a  cove- 
irantor  to  procure  the 
reasonable  time.' 
sn  the  jmrties).  This 
ilch  in  the  outset,  and 
t  made,  lo  Ix  between 
»,foreKampiet  "Tha 

dav  of 1  be- 

(or  first)     -n  mA  C. 
I),witne;  <>?<."*  F  ich 
an  declnraJio  '  t.^  '  ali 
in  the  conveya.  •;    are 
these  parties  and  Rone 
tipulation  be  foand  in 
It  by  which  *'  the  said 
P.  to  pey  him  one  hun- 
«  with  E.  F."  are  in- 
'e  been  tiaeA  to  denote 
mlation  may  have  been 
ontradiction  with  what 
,  and  C.  D.  alone  can 
,  it  being  a  maxim  that 
itiorn  are  espreated  in 
ler  Jiall  prevail.'    But 
t  to  simple  contracts." 
an  two  aides  to  a  oon- 
as  between  A.  B.  of  the 
tcoad,andE.F.  ofthe 
ion  to  one  covenanting 
n  of  the  third.* 
ar«  liens  resnitine  from 
lered  on  contested  «aes 
I  aetiona  or  iipedal  pro- 
final  or  pmviaionml  in 
iningtbnn. 

l«i  fay  lutihority  of  some 
m  offictr  aiahbrised  by 


».  M3  •;COi.'^->*'  • 
P.  (St;  ST.  R.yqi  mn 
mnm.  H.  Coaua.  ij,  JHt 
'Mbb.  R.  Prop,  u:  t  Mill- 

aCanfi':  twiSSu*.  iV». 

Lrr. '.ii;Carth.  ?6:  »«a«, 

Sm)Co.>C*:  8tsaM.»<s{ 


C0NVEYAKCK8. 


The  officer  r»ho  makes  the  sale  conveys  all 
the  rights  of  the  defendant,  or  other  pemon 
Wfainst  whom  the  process  has  been  issued,  in 
the  property  sold.  Under  such  a  sale  there  is 
no  warranty,  either  express  or  Implied,  of  the 
thins-sold.*  f       .        u« 

When  real  esUte  is  sold  by  the  sheriff  or  mar- 
shal, the  sale  U  subject  to  the  confirmation  of 
the  court.* 

LiAAU.    See  Lkasu,  below. 

Limbs  AND  corners  are  boundary  lines  and 
their  angles  with  each  other.* 

IxKATivt  CALLS  are  calls  describing  cerUin 
means  by  which  the  land  to  be  iooUed  can  be 
Identified.  Reference  to  physical  objectt  In 
entries  and  deeds  by  which  the  land  to  be  lo- 
cated  Is  exactly  described.'  Special  are  to  be 
distinguished  from  general  calls  or  descrip- 
tions.* "^ 

MiSKEADiNO— MiSRKciTAL.  When  a  con- 
veyance 1.1  read  falsely  to  an  Illiterate  or  blind 
lierson  who  is  a  fwrty  to  li.  such  false  reading 
amounts  to  a  fraud,  because  the  contract  never 
liad  the  usant  of  both  parties.* 

More  or  lks8  are  words  in  a  conveyance  of 
Unds  or  contract  to  convey  lands,  importina 
that  the  quantity  is  uncertain  and  ncrt  warranted 
and  thiU  no  right  of  either  party  under  the  con- 
tra«^  ahall  be  affected  by  a  deficiency  or  excess 
in  the  qnantity.'  So  in  contracts  ,i  sale  gen 
erally  *  ' 

At  cos*  if  OH  txenttory  tmtraet,  specific  per 
IVrosnce  imay  be  eiifoitsed  without  chan^ng 
(fia  jbti?,.,,  it  tjiC  •xcess  or  deficiency  is  ■lerf 
M!5-H,»  httt  not  K  the  excess  or  deficiency  is 
e   !./.»  rrta  thcu^li  the  price  reserved  be  per  acre.' 
L  '  *  :  -  "dadd^^jftht  ♦  .it<f-jmorecrle<a  to  the 
desf.ti    r  'Hlh«  property  Is  not  a  sttflScient  All- 
filmeE    <.   a  corsU-act  to  convey  the  described 
propenv,  wheiR  more  or  less  was  not  in  the 
miginal  contract,  if  there  is  an  actual  deficiency 
But  «Rer  such  a  conveyance  U  made,  and  a 
note  ghren  for  the  pnrchase  money,  the  note  can- 
not be  d9fende<i  against  on  the  gionnd  of  defi- 
ciency.' 

M  east  of  on  extetiM  eotUrtut  it  wiJI  not  be 
distarhed  unlew.  there  be  a  great  deficiency.*  or 
?**T'  ^I  *"'**'  «»»'««Iw«»«»tation  without 
fraud,  and  tlnere  be  a  material  txve»  w  defi- 
cicncy^ 


ayt 


JlSrhty-five  feet,  more  or  less,  means  eiffhtv- 
five  feet,  anIeM  the  deed  or  sitUiUion  of  the  land 
m  some  way  controls  it.* 

"ITie  wtxds  mofQ  or  less  will  not  cover  a  dis- 
tinct lot.'    See  EntUATiO/i,  d[Mm> 

MoRTCAOE.    See  Mo».T(SAO««,  below 

MtmiMsim.    See  Titrut,  below. 


«rAlar««IV»"««fft  H.  Aji"  lo Gnut. 


45.3a»-    jr- 


WVWfcsat  6i«.    X.SM4W1 
•rMfce.«B:  iiAIa.<«i  ,  - 
455."  idCK.  t4i.    s-aElbb.  .,, 


■  _«45;  aid. 414.    ».3BM; 
7  Fit.  xji :   18 >«  - 


vi  %  CST%53i  «•  •  •*  B.  kjA.  106.   *..r 


Ve. 


i!^,' 


»,s«3.    «^Ia*&ftAd.<a,  h\rar&Uia«tra 


Natural  ArntcnoK  (the  affection  which 
a  husl)ttn(l,  a  fsther,  a  brother,  or  other  near 
reUilve  naturally  feels  towards  thoM  who  are 
so  nrnrW  allied  to  him)  iometimes  supplies  the 
place  of  a  valuable  cf)n'ti(leration  in  contracts; 
and  natural  affection  is  a  good  consideration  In 
a  deed. 

Partition  Is  the  division  of  real  estate 
Compulsory  (wrtition  is  that  which  takes  place 
without  regard  to  the  wishes  of  ore  or  more  of 
the  owners,  and  is  made  by  virtue  of  special 
laws  providing  that  remedy.  Voluntary  piirtiii,« 
IS  made  by  the  owners,  and  on  mutual  consent, 
and  IS  effected  by  mutual  conveyances  or  re 
lewes,  to  each  person,  of  th/.  share  which  he  is 
to  hold,  executed  by  the  other  owners. 

Personal  Property.     See   Mortoaoes. 
below,  and  title  Property,  etc.  ;  Sales 
Poll.   See  Deed  Poll  ;  Indenture,  above. 
Power  or  Attorney.    Sec  title  Agency: 
Attorneys,  ante.  ' 

Premises.  •«  The  premises  "  is  that  part  of 
»  conveyance  which  precedes  the  -haben- 
dum ;  jt  embraces  the  statement  of  the  par- 
ties the  consideration,  recitals  inserted  fbr 
explorjatton,  d'.acription  of  property  granted, 
with  the  intended  exceptions.  When  lands  are 
granted  by  metes  and  bounds,  all  the  area 
within  thoie  bounds,  and  no  more,  passes" 
Growing  crops  isre  part  of  the  land  ^hilTmthe 
owner  s  handn,  Tnd  unless  e«cept<rv>,  »»•  k. 
the  deed.*  *^  "^ 

Primary  Convbyancj*.     See  Orioinai. 

COHVEYANCKU,  above. 

Promrty,  ETC.  See  Leases;  Mortcugbs, 
below,  and  tttk  Person.u.  Pro«>erty  ;  Reai 
Propertv,  etc. 

Pi;Ncn;ATiOM.    See  title  Contracts,  ante. 

QtJADRiPARTiTE  is  having  four  parts,  or  di- 
videU  into  four  parts,  as,  This  conveyance  quad- 
ripartite, made  this day  of — -,  between 

A.  B.  of  the  one  Ur  first)  part,  C.  D.  of  the  sec- 
ond  part.  E.  F.  of  the  third  part,  and  G.  H 
of  the  fourth  part,  witnesseth,  etc. 

Quit-claim  is  a  form  oJ  deed  in  the  natuiti 
of  a  release  containing  words  of  grant  as  well 

The  term  is  in  constant  aisd  general  use  It 
presupposes  a  previous  or  precedent  coiivey. 
ance,  or  a  subsisting  estate  and  possession  ■•  U 
w  a  conveyance  at  common  law,  but  differe  from 
a  release  in  that  it  is  regarded  as  an  original 
conveyance.*  The  q)enitive  words  are  "re- 
mise, release,  and  ftwever  quit-ciaim."»  Cov- 
enants of  warranty  against  in( .  xabrances  by  the 
grantor  are  usually  i&dded.  '<et  Deed  forms 
po«.  • 

nwtt  duu  so  Incite  an 

«-»Wnn.  St. 

-.-.J.  »97.   4  Mass. 

I  Vw.  &^.  Ch.  Ir.  i„. 


»oreor  i»m.    If  tlMrc  wm  not  aho 


$3J.  »5.  &  R.  to:  13  U.  ,43 ;  10  Jomis 
4>4-   iMRuss.  Ch.  »7,-    iPit.  C 


$33:98.  a  R.  to:  13  W.  143 
4>4-    ■■•  Russ.  Ch.  597,-    i  f 


l» 


SS-TitonMoB  Conv.  44.      •-«  Pkfc  406      i^  td   i^r^ 


•am 


•»■ 


CONVFYANCWl 


Real  PiofitTT.     See   tWe   Propmtv. 
»rc.>  Rkai.  Propehty  . 

RiCKim.  Tfce  genenJ  principle  tettled  hy 
weight  of  authority  i»,  that  for  the  purp«>»e  of 
iiuUining  the  ccjnveyance  •«  ageinit  the  ven- 
dor wwl  hi*  privien,  the  receipt  I*  conclusive  i 
they  are  eit()pped  to  deny  that  *  contideration 
wu  pttid  lufficient  to  tustain  the  crmveyance.* 
Bat  m  •  tubaequent  action  for  the  purchaie- 
rooney  or  upon  any  collateral  demann,  /.  g,,  In 
an  action  to  recover  a  debt  which  was  in  fact 
paid  by  the  conveyance,  or  in  an  action  for 
damage*  for  breach  of  a  covenant  in  the  deed, 
a;>d  the  like,  the  grantor  may  ihow  that  the 
consideration  wa«  not  in  fact  paid ;  that  an  ad- 
ditional conilderation  to  that  mentioned  wa« 
•sireed  for,  etc' 

And  when  a  deed  l»  attacked  for  fraud,  or  i« 
inpMcbed  by  creditor!  as  volunUry,  and  there- 
fore void,  or  when  the  object  it  to  ahow  the 
omveyance  illeRal,  the  receipt  may  be  explained 
or  contradicted."  With  this  exception  of  re- 
ceipt! inserted  in  a  sealed  instrument  having 
some  other  purpose,  to  which  the  receipt  Is  col- 
lateral, «  receipt  under  seal  works  an  absolute 
estoppel  on  tne  same  principles  and  to  the 
same  general  extent  as  other  specialties.* 

Recitals  are  repetitions  of  some  former 
writing  or  statement  of  something  which  has 
been  done.  It  is  useful  to  explain  matters  of 
fact  which  are  necessary  to  make  the  transac- 
tion intelligible.* 

The  party  which  executes  a  deed  Is  bound  hy 
the  recitals  <rf  essential  facts  contained  therein.* 
llie  amount  of  consideration  received  Is  not  un 
essential  averment  under  this  rule.*  The  reci- 
tals in  *  conveyance  bind  parties  and  privies 
thereto,  whether  in  blood,  estate,  or  law.'  A 
deed  of  defeaMmce  which  professes  to  recite 
the  principal  deed  mntt  do  so  truly.* 

Rbcokdino.  By  the  laws  of  the  several 
Stat«*,  certain  conveyances  and  instruments 
most  be  recorded  in  order  to  perpetuate  the 
matter*  which  they  contain,  anci  that  copies 
thereof  from  such  records  shall  have  the  luune 
efftct  as  the  recoids  themselves.  The  fact  of 
•«  instrutnent  being  recorded  is  held  to  operate 
m  a  constructive  »<>tice  upon  all  subaetfuent 
purchasera  of  any  estate,  whether  legal  or  equit- 
able, in  the  same  property.'  But  all  convey- 
aaces  mid  deeds  whioii  may  be  in  fact  recorded, 

11-,  Bin..  50..  ^  M.>   ,6:4  MM(N.  V  1 ««.    !-•« 
Wenu,  460:  <  Johns.  »»     i*  JM.«o:  ^Hm(N.  Y.)  sJ4i 


ioV(.o6;  itld.443:  ^N  H  tjD  4  td. jm, 3117 :  > 
M'Cora;  514;  7  W««-  SJ3;  «  P*™  »'9:  «  IJf  •  SSJ!  3 
Hawks.  ••;  « Me.  »«♦;  s  »  *  -«<>•  *^ •  5  *•••  ••*!  * 
Load.  Jw.:  •  HmnJnfc  (Pel.;  354;  >)^Nt«r  -*•  ■ 
Coon.  1113:  I  Horr.  *G.  !»;.  'J?"'"'''  '*• 
84;  I  J  J.  M«sh.  sto:  aTtt.  CS.  D*^. 
iiii  iSin.  sja;  ca«OGlit.Ch.  49*     ButthwB 

Kswia 


are  not  to  he  considered  ««  giving  notice.  Tn 
order  to  have  this  etfect  the  instruments  must 
he  such  as  are  authorised  or  required  to  be  rr 
corded.  And  the  registry  must  have  been  ma'le 
in  compliance  with  law — otherwise  the  reconl 
ing  is  to  be  treatc<l  as  a  mere  nullity,  and  will 
not  effect  a  subsequent  purchaser  or  incumlwan- 
cer,  unless  he  has  such  actual  notice  I's  woui.l 
amo'jnt  to  a  fraud.* 

Rkddendum  Is  that  clause  in  a  conveyance 
which  reserves  something  new  to  the  grantor, 
which  must  be  of  some  other  thing  issuing  or 
coming  out  of  the  thing  granted,  and  not  a  pnrt 
of  the  thing  itself;'  nor  of  something  issuing 
out  of  another  thing  1  and  It  must  be  made  lo 
one  of  the  grantors,  and  not  to  a  stranger  to 
the  conveyance.  "Saving  and  excepting," 
etc."  The  thing  excepted  must  be  particularly 
described.* 

Re-entry.  Conveyances  In  fee  resemnir  a 
ground  rent,  and  leases  for  a  term  of  yet  , 
usually  contain  a  clause  authorising  the  propri- 
etor to  re-enter  in  case  of  the  non-payment  of 
rent,  or  of  the  breach  of  some  covenant  In  the 
lease  which  forfeits  the  estate.  Without  such 
reservation  he  would  have  no  right  to  re-enter 
for  a  mere  breach  of  a  covenant,  although  he 
may  do  so  upon  the  breach  of  a  condition  which, 
b;'  lU  terms,  is  to  defeat  the  estate  granted.' 
See  Lkasbs,  below. 

Release.  A  release  I*  a  conveyance  of  a 
^wison's  Interest  or  rights  unto  a  thing  to  an- 
other who  has  thejpossesslon  thereof  or  some 
estate  therein.*  The  relinquishment  of  some 
right  or  benefit  to  a  person  who  ha*  already 
some  interest  in  the  tenement,  and  such  in- 
terest M  quaiifi<»  him  to  receive  or  avail  him- 
self of  the  right  or  benefit  so  relinquished.* 

Remise,  eblbase,  and  quit-cuuii  are  the 
ordinary  effective  words  in  a  release.  These 
words  are  sufficient  to  past  the  estate  in  aprfanary 
conveyance.*  Remise  v.  a  French  word  synon- 
ymous with  release.*  See  Surkzndbr,  below. 
Reservation  is  that  part  of  a  deed  or  itistm- 
ment  which  reserves  a  tning  not  in  as*  at  die 
time  of  the  grant,  bpt  merely  created.*  It  is 
the  owaticm  of  a  right  or  interest  which  had  no 
prior  cxistenoa,  m  sach,  in  a  thing  or  part  of  a 
thing  granted,  by  neans  of  a  clause  inserted  by 
the  grantor  in  the  instrument  of  conveyance, 

3  Watts,  ist ;   I  Han.  ft  O.  i3» :  •  |hnd.  Ch.  w6!4 
flMi.  ftW:  113:   I  Rami.  .19;  •  Hffl,40S!  i  M'&ed. 
i]Ala.4««:   ioY«E.ite:   T  M/jor.  spi : ^.  i 


Mtw.  siJijI 


■I  Humph.  584 : 

3  llnd- 
annuijr 


contrary  cbsm.  '  Sea  i  Ms.  1 ;  ii*-  <!• ;  7  lo*!**-  3«> 
1  VCord.  ss> :  «  Jfotaij^  Ch.  390 :  'H«t  *  J  i*** :  • 
,  ^;  4H«n.  ftM.  i«3;  •  OMo,  «»i :  tB,  ft  C. 
T04.  HK  -«  Zsb.  4fe  i  3  Ml  Ch.  Dw.  4*> ;  •>  ram.  St. 
5J:  «  m.  .4??  ri  h.  H.  .4«.  ■-Wart  Wy..  C 
496:  4  Hawkw.w;  •••«  Taent.  I4>.    •^  »•  Comm. 

so  Pick.  •< 
33;   >! 

»•  304:      , 

78,  ft  R,  311; 


4a»;  4na«MS.in;  sw*  »?"?'•  "■•-.•   -■c^"  — 

s%o.  »^;SMqd.  311.    qi-iT  Mast. 
S  Cash.  4J«  ;  6  Ms.  ^  U' '"'•  '"• 


uS:   lo  Vi^sft, 
Jatas.  3»i  Mid 


"^^^ 


4^! 


.    ;.  1*7; 

•J  Id.  »33;  I J  Id. 


I  Conn. : 


514;  i]Ala.4««:  ioY«E.iflo:  T  Moor.  191 :  tj.  J. 
Ninh,  3S9 :  fiit  «••  I  Hawks.  64 ;  4  II  «• :  i  I>w.  * 
B.  45* :  ••  t*.  4««:  » OWo.  sjo:  J  M»'J^- ^'XL,  ^ 
'  Cntnl  Ev.  I  J.    And  *«•  ^  ki-L  E-  ,!fe:  T  """ji  * 


R.  141 ;  4  I*M 
7. 1  ««:«•• 


:  »D 

;  « Id.  Sii.   a-Cndso  \T%.  ttt.js.Ch 


mi.^ 


11  Piaa.  jt4i  jChane..CBS.  iMt  (S.  Uu 
mu.Mt(k.t).  ».i  Johns.  Ci.  194.  ■■• 
iS7?ild.«S;4WhM.4«;  •BiBa.40:  1 


gen.  ft  1..  IS7.   *  •2''  '^.-^  ■.-..-«.,»-,    .  —--■■■▼-  .    - 

Johns.  Oi.  900;  »Slery&.jBr.|l403.«>4i  »J«*P* 
».8i.  «  a.^MiSi.  »99 :  Co.  Utt.  47 ;  SSw.  Tooeh.8 
So;  Crab.  Dig.  H».3»,e-S4J«i  I'Sf*  3»^v*.!«i  X 
I.  419:  4<  M»-  •"•    l;y5?*  **  •Tea.  to:  CJo.  U« 

R.  094 :  T*/l  ioM.  ft  Ten.  »«»o.^  a-awpp.  Toothw. 
3K>.  M-Bam.  R.  Prop.  15.*  IM-Coon.  •s*;  »4  «_  ". 
So:  «  Ala.  (N.8.)i«j:  »  M.  Y.  4»«.  a-Soe  Quit 
&iiM,  above.    «-s  Himat4  Alv.  U9. 


00NVEYANC18. 


N  (tvtnK  notice.  Tn 
ihe  InMrumcnt*  munt 
or  required  In  be  rr- 
mutt  have  been  ina'lc 
ntherwine  the  rrconl- 
nere  nullity,  and  will 
rchwer  or  incumlirtn' 
dual  notice  ■>«  wnulil 

tuM  in  «  conveyance 
{  new  to  the  grantor, 
Iher  thing  iMuing  or 
ranted,  and  not  a  pnri 
of  something  iMuIri); 
I  it  mutt  be  made  Ut 
not  to  m  stranger  to 
ing  and  excepting," 
1  must  be  particularly 

icM  in  fee  mmrnny  a 
for  a  term  of  yei  , 
uthoriting  the  propr*- 
■  the  non-j*yment  of 
some  covenant  in  the 
state.  Without  such 
e  no  right  to  re-enter 
ovenant,  although  he 
I  of  a  condition  which, 
:  the  estate  grmated^r 

Is  a  conveyance  of  a 
I  onto  •  thing  to  an- 
Mion  thereof  or  some 
linquiihment  of  some 
rsnn  who  has  already 
nement,  and  such  in- 
receive  or  avail  him- 
it  so  relinquished.* 
SQurr-ciAiM  are  Ihe 
in  a  release.  These 
I  the  estate  in  a  nrimaiy 
;  a  French  word  synon- 
e  SuaRZNDRR,,  below. 
Mirt  of  a  deed  or  iiistrti- 
ling  not  IN  eat  at  the 
ncrely  created.*  It  is 
'  interest  which  had  no 
in  a  thing  or  part  of  a 
of  a  claose  inserted  by 
ment  of  conveyance, 

tut:  iHand.  aLnti  4 

tia:  T»»?w-»9«:  •J-1; 
«, «4;  4IIM:  iDrr.ft 

•-Craite  11%.  Ut^.  Ch 

».i  Jaluw.  Ck.  I94-    ■•> 
mmmUi  iBlaa..4o:  ■ 

t.y«»i  3J"*»"*3»i  »,*!• 

I.  17;  sBhwi.  13:  I  M.& 
i.l-B.  »-SRe|.p.ao«thj}. 
'  a^Coan.  eyv;  *4N  H. 
7  N.  y.  4>«-  •■»«■  (^tlr 
sAhr.  159- 


.\  retenration  is  distlngniihetl  from  an  encep- 
lion  in  that  it  Is  of  a  new  right  or  interest ;  thui 
a  right  of  way  reserved  at  the  time  of  conveying 
an  estate,  which  may  have  been  enjoyed  by  the 
grantor  as  owner  of  Ihe  esUle,  becomes  a  new 
right.' 

A  reMrvation  may  be  of  a  life  estate,"  of  a 
nght  of  llowage,'  right  to  use  water,/  right  of 
way,'  and  many  other  righU  and  inleresU.* 

SCKiVRNCRi,  or  conveyancers,  are  those 
whose  buninesi  it  is  to  write  convejances  and 
flther  instruments  for  others.  They  act  also  as 
hgents  for  the  purchase  and  sale  of  real  estate. 
SloNATURK  is  the  act  of  putting  one's  name 
at  the  end  of  an  instrument  to  attest  its  validity. 
The  name  thu»  written  is  also  called  a  signature.* 
It  is  not  necessary  that  a  party  should  write 
his  name  himself  to  constitute  a  signature  j  his 
mark  is  sufficient  though  he  was  able  to  write,' 
A  signature  made  by  a  pirty,  another  guidinu 
Jus  hand  with  his  consent,  is  sufficient.<^ 

The  signature  is  usually  made  at  the  bottom 
M  the  instrument. 
Spelling.  See  title  Contracts,  ante. 
SURRRNDER  is  the  yielding  up  of  an  estate 
tor  life  or  years  to  him  who  has  an  immediate 
eitate  in  reversion  or  remainder,  by  which  act 
the  lesser  estate  is  merged  into  the  greater  by 
mutual  agreement.*  It  is  the  instrument  by 
which  the  surrender  is  made. 

A  surrender  is  of  a  nature  directly  opposite 
to  a  release:  the  latter  operates  by  the  greater 
Mtate  descending  upon  the  leas,  the  former  is 

lull  SI  '  '*"  *•*"'*'  "P*^  '•"  greater  by 
"*•*[•  The  surrender  may  be  express  or  im- 
pied;  the  latter  is  when  an  estate  incompati- 
ble with  an  existing  estate  is  accepted,  or  the 
lewee  takes  a  n^w  lease  of  the  wme  lands.' 

The  technical  and  proper  words  of  this  con- 
veyance are,  "  Surrender  and  yield  up,"  but 
any  fonn  of  words  by  which  the  intention  of  the 
pMtiet  is  sufficiently  manifeMed  will  operate  as 
a  surrender.* 

Taxdrem  are  abralnte  conveyances  made 
^  a  public  officer,  of  the  Utie  of  the  owner  to 
the  purchaMW,  at  a  tax  sa»'  or  sale  of  lar.ds  for 
non-pajment  of  taxes,  jy  the  principle*  of 
the  common  law,  this  conveyance  is  sbiply  a 
Imk  in  the  chain  of  the  grantee's  title.  It^oes 
not  i/w  fyftt  transfer  the  UtIe  of  the  owner,  as 
m  gnnti  from  the  goverament  or  conveyances 
between  man  and  man.  The  operative  char- 
acter of  it  depends  upon  the  regularity  of  the 
fnierior  proceedings.  The  deed  U  not  the  title 
^m,  nor  even  evidence  6f  it.  lu  recitals 
WBd  no  one.  It  creates  no  eMoppel  upon  the 
lormer  ownwr.  No  nmompdon  arises  upon 
me  »«rc  prod«cti«i  of  the  conveyance  that  the 

•■4*  »!«.».    w-«SVt.  le; 


•71 


J,?,'  «? Ur  '  "  "•  *■.?>•  '•  Barb.  .It     S^,"c.2n. 
W!  «Cos!>.  ,^;  ,0 il  „,.  ,„  B.  Mob.  ^tl   S^i 


Jjcu  up-n  which  it  Is  hase<l  had  any  existence. 
Whcr  I.  shown,  however,  that  the  ministerial 
oHicet<.  of  the  law  have  fwrformi-d  every  duly 
which  the  law  imposed  up<m  them,  and  every 
i-oiK  iii.m  essentia)  to  its  choractcr,  thc-n  the 
deed  ItccomcH  conclunlvc  evidence  of  the  title 
In  the  grantee,  according  to  iu  oxtent  and  imr- 
|H)rt.»     .See  (UneraL  StaTITTRS. 

jENKNtJtJM  was  that  part  of  a  conveyance 
which  was  formerly  used  to  express  the  tenure 
i>y  which  the  estate  conveyed  was  held.  In 
elTect  is  now  expressed  l.y  the  clause  called  the 
"  Haliendum,"  which  see  alwve. 

Testatum  is  that  port  of  a  conveyance  which 
commences  with  the  words,  "  This  conveyance  • 
(or  deed,  or  indenture),  etc.,  witnesseth, 
I      ,t^  'j  '!?*  "••'"»  whereby  the  owner  of 
lands  has  the  lawful  possesion  thereof.* 

Mttniments  of  titU  are  those  instruments  of 
writing  and  v^rftten  evidences  which  the  owner 
of  lands,  j)osses»ions,  or  inheritnncw  hat.  anil 
by  which  he  is  enabled  to  defend  the  title  of 
his  estate. 

Titk  <lM<b  are  those  deedt  which  are  evi. 
dencet  of  the  title  of  the  owner  of  an  estate 
The  person  who  it  entitled  to  the  inheritance 
hat  a  right  to  the  pouession  of  the  title  deed*j 

TRANsrRR  is  the  act  by  which  the  owner  i>f 
a  thing  delivers  it  to  another  person  with  Uie 
intent  of  patting  the  righU  which  he  has  in  it 
to  the  latter. 

^*^'^''^'''''  **  **  consisHng  of  three  parfcij 
as,  "Tnis  conveyance  triportite  between  A.  H 
of  the  fint  part.  C.  D.  of  |he  second  part,  and 
1!..  I",  ol  the  third  part,"  etc. 

Will.  Last  will  and  testimony,  tee  Will* 
below.  ' 

Witness  atiestatio.*  U  not  essential  to  tie 
validity  of  a  conveyance  unless  required  liv 
statute.  ^  ' 

Careful  conveyancen,  in  general,  have  all  in- 
strumehU  of  conveyance,  at  well  at  othei 
iniportant  instruments,  attested  by  at  least  one 
witness. 

_  Yard.  A  yard  is  a  piece  of  ground  enclosed 
for  the  use  and  convenience  o»  the  occupanu 
of  a  house.    .See  Backsiue,  above. 

For  AORKEMENTS  TO  CoNVEV  scc  title 
Contracts,  ante. 

For  IJo.NiM  TO  Convey  see  title  Bonds. 
ante.  ' 

For  Contracts  to  Convey  tee  title  Con- 
tracts, ante. 

ettSTTETAirciW-DBBS  FOBWL 

J  .  u  ^  ■•",'«'».  between  compMnit  nirtiei. 
•udc  without  nMralv4.-coiuain  the  luinctof  ihoEnintor 


_    .  -.      ...         _.  _  Com.  Dig. 


Tauiil.  518.    s-P*rkin».  {607 ;  t  T.  R.  441 
Sunendw  (A.)     kSc«  Blaclt««n  TaxTltl 


■•a««  »"»««»«"   lax  Tltl«i,  416; 
S4».    I-Twmes  d«  U  Uy.  Co. 


kJ 


Waihb.  R.  Hrop"  _ 

ij  M.M.  371 ;  «  Bi.  Coowi.  191.    si.«BrockC.C.  is6: 

M  ■««■  3?»!  «  McUeanC.  C.  .1 :  a  N.  H.  »«S     •-lirowD 
on»ruKU,i«|  •  Wa»hb.  R.  Pwp.  w^^m^ 


I 


i 


m 


I.  Til* 

|>kinil«t WtllHl-M  m  pro^n) 

i<n<l>rt  •».  <pi*.»M  When  rpMk  i>. ' 
4nd  h-'Ui»k,  all  ill'  «>«>«rillita  ilt"> 
IM<MU  '  OrowlM  r.rm  »t*  ^p"' 
it<«  otmMr'*  hM*,  *m  WtlaM  t«  ■ 

Oow«r.    :t  m  wifc  airtw  wWi  i 
«r«nllii|  P«rt  irf»  <t«i«l  ■.■.«i»»ylivK  hv, 
rr«fi  <•(  h«r  rlghl  i>(  iowr.  m  h- 
H  dMit  »     AU  llMl  '%. 


«ONVI(YAIfCm 


lkl*«Nt< 


of 


i>««U,    K-tdift  bi 


HM  illM>   , 


ky  harr 

:fiiim  iinit«r  «iKch  i 

i»f  a  nii>rrl<4  «(■•    >•»  In  ■wit*'  i"  roBTty  h«  own  MMW. 
,w  har  ilr.w«  lnWM>«l.  t«    'h-.t  •»»•  ttuuM  !•«•**'?  »'• 

iW»  h»r<lo«r«  la  ihcraby  Immd  wi»<i«ll  •»»'•••  warm 
tur  ihiii  iHirpiM*.'  _     . 


'11<l<  llmlu  •ltd 


iWfiiMi  (h«  wttMvhlch  111' 


Th«  It*d4t«d  >i  «n .    This  I*  uMd  to  t 
If  to  lh«  franiur. 


chriii 

twulaii  < 


•ih*i 


hich  mual  be  o(kmii 
uul   of  lli«  ihlni  (ranted,  anil 
lh«  ihlntTiMlO     "  8.»ln»  •nd  citapilnd 


or  comini  • 

fkrt  i>r  Iha  thing TiMir>     "  Saving  i  . 

h«  ihlng  iMcapifl  miai  ba  patilcuUriy  d««Tiha<1  » 


4    Tha  Condition.    Thit  It  a  quallAcM 
kill,  liiin  annanad  to  ilia  oonvayanca,  whanby  i 
•iktlihal  IncaM  a  parilcuUr  avunt  doaa  or  li,. 
hapvwn,  .ir  In  eaaa  lh«  gruntur  ur  giantaa  due»  or  umiis 
to  do  a  particular  att,  an  eauia  ilmll  corainanca,  ba  «n- 
llMtad ,     r  ha  daftiawd  ••  —.     -. 

C  C-  /an»nt«.  S«a  CovmMAim,  abo»a.    Tha  Co»- 

•  nant  of  Warranty.  Thlt  la  nn  aaauranea  by  iha 
grirm>r  of  an  aalalf  ihai  iha  gra-itaa  ahall  «\Ji>y  til's  aama 
•»(lh"iil  Inlarnipiinn  by  virtue  of  (iaram..<i.it  lllla  •  Such 
cnvananuglva  lh«  aivana"'!!  ami  grantaa  tha  hanant 
of  tulMauuantly  acquired  iitle«,»  l»>  tna  anient  "f  thelt 
lartna^  tbul  not  if  an  Intcreal  aciuall*  paMc9  at  tha  ll'«a 
nf  makli^  tha  i  "«vayanca  upon  wbtch  tha  <  •ivciwnt  i«^y 
onerata)  •»  In  cajw  of  a  temi  fi..  yaara  »»  weJl  «»  convey- 
ancaa  of  gl«aiar  aalataa/  a«  ..AillM  the  grantor  and 
llioaaclainilng under hlnt,Mi.<;lu.l)ng pun  »m«i>* for ¥«Iuo.» 
And  thle principle  ;  >e»  not  operaia  to  orevent  thagrant- 
u'a  »Altoa  ftw  6r«a       )f  tha  coranant, If  e»lc«ad  by  auch 

Tha  eovaitant  of  warranty,  until  broken,  pn"»«  with 
tha  land  to  tha  hair  of  iha  gr*ii!«e ;  or  If  iha  land  b«  aa- 
ilgiwd  or  convay*** ,  it  paaMs  to  iba  a»tigiMa,  ami  whan 
brokan,  tha  hair  i  aiaignao  li^ured  by  the  branch  can, 
in  hit  own  nama,  mninialii  an  action  agalnat  the  war- 
rantor, and  may  mainwin  ar  action  againat  avery  Intar- 
madlata  warrantor,  amJ  proai  ••!«  tha  tania  to  Judgment. 
A  iudgmant  againat  ona  will  b  >  >  bar  to  a  aull  agalnal 
anolhar.     AaattalactloB  la  theo  >ly  bar-'   To  conatltuia 

•  branch  than  nual  ba  an  aviciion  by  paisncwnt  llUa.a 
wkich  Bay  ba  eooaiructWa.* 

•.  Th«  CoacliMlna.    Tku  mentjont  tha  cxaculloa, 

<f.  Tha  licMitura  br*b«  h>«"«>'  <*  gnnlon  (and 
Ihalr  taala  whan  raquired  by  lajr). 

I.  Thg  AttMUtion  by  compamit  wttnataaa  whan 
rtiqulrad  by  alatuM. 

9.  The  Aehiiowt*4tm«nt  or  proof. 

AU  panoni  tw  j«ly-««ia  yetira  of  an,  not  under  kgai 
JiMbillty,  may  conyay  or  Incumbar  rtal  aataCa  or 
any  iniarmt  iharaln.  All  convayanca*  muat  ba  in  writliM 
or  printed  upon  paichmani,  and  muat  be  aigiMd  at  thalr 

►i3  0Wo,4Jo-  »-lOh«o3».4»3-  **'AP^0''9'- 
|.W.  19., aji ;  W«S. k.  Prop  Ito:  we  6  dhloSt.  Jio; 
t  Rinn.  341 !  i  Ball.  4*t ;  •  BUckf.  %n :  >$  Barb.  jo. 
She  rtnnot  loleM*  her  dower  by  parol,  ace  s  Monr.  $7 : 
J  Zaor.  6ii.  h-Saa  •  Bl.  Comm.  399  ;  to.  Ut«.  47 ; 
Shep.  Touchat.  lo;  Crulaa  Dig.  tit  3",  e  y,  I «/,  }' 
See  JO  Vt.  4ai :  R-  >■  4»9  i  ♦»  •*»• '"  '^ISP^  " 
h  Ten.  lo:  Co.  Vl;*''*!  A"***JW=x  «'^'  '"i 
3  J<»hna,  375 ;  5  N.  V.  33 ;  *  Con"- 1?? :  *  ^'»-,m :  • 
K.  H.  mi;  .  SifoUi.  ooIi  a  Tayl.  173.  ■-Ogonl. 
Cmiia  DIg.tft.  «Ui..c  i,  1 1.   «M  J<*»«f,  »» ;  >  aiw, 

J^ :  (fWai.  «o;  VdnaA.  43^  ijK.  H.  3I9 j  «  Ohio, 
uo:  3  Id.  107;  3  Pick.  S":    t3ld.ii«:.t4l<l*3*};  3 
NVl.  i»t ;  13  Ma.  ai ;  jo  Id.  afc. 
m;  9C0W.  a7«;  34  Ma.  4l3-    »-J 


Xichmn^.  h.  s6i 


^wky (k*  wMMNIiiiS  fm^tmtlk mtmimi  kMW 

TESn'iwSSlJi""*     ^ilkanm,fm.   Ailn 
ackw  MdtepaiiK'  .*«W|te</«MMpM*. 

Do   'W  |M»  I  'diy  dM  wOJMiMli  wHh 

li«r   huaMntI  Ini^  eoflMdi    WMapaHaat 

uf   Miorwiy  au«'.  ntarwy  tw  WMVay  Iha 

tMd  i   or.  .>iba<>,  «r""*|  *»  *  paperaia 

lHlrinillH   '  '  >nd  III'  atlhar  taw 

Mi  rSlttaf  '    *>t   two  wittaaaa«a  wh.> 

—  -M-  -  Igadbyhai  MCurdlna  to 

ii.<      <i.ki.owla<lgin«nt   of  IMir 

'  '        'i<band  mua)  i  in  In  wife't 

«a*ty<Hu.r:  "-      »<-'|i«  ha  ba   mam  mmpri 

MSWUI,  n»»  'Oil    >«d  h'  ■   or  la  IniftM 

onad  under  <  .  •caa«!    m  iw     .oan.* 

Recoi<<>M„  Yaneai,     wtMl%lr     by     ahaohii* 

xatii  mifliiad  wllhln  thirty 

Mua  of  tfta  Jud^e  of  probata 

f  vuuiitry.     <-^<>«ti..     tftyattcaa  mual  ha  racordtil 

h.  He  tighu  i  (  ,  'irciMaara,  »»«■•«•••• "  Judgntni 

•  accrue  <> 

3  are  not  ii«c>^iar>      A  acmt  la 
^icoOOMi.      (Urn  esacuttar      '  tticit 
.i,u«<  ba  atteilrd  by    oate.  nMl  "  tha  MMy  CMBOI 

«ril«,  by  i«n  wilottKa  Who  »>•  '  ante,  and  who 

laual  wtita  iheir  namaa  aa  witn' 

Sea  OKMitrAL  PnaiM  ami  '  and  ViauiMi* 

t'uoMa,  poat. 


Thia  convey«nt«.  made  tbia day  of——  Jn 

A.  B  , »( county.  In  tha  BtaU  of  - — , ««  C.  D., 

of county,  In  tha  SUta  of ,  wUnaaaalh  1 

That  In  conalderatlon  of  tha  aum  of-  dollara, 
IKaaald  A.  B.  doaa  by  iheaa  prawnla  at  ant.  bar- 
gain and  aall  and  convey  unto  aald  C  D.  ihia  heln 
"ml  aaiiBM), all  tha  following  K!e»:rlb«draalaatato, 

tliuatad  In county  and  Stale  of  Alabama,  to 

wit:    igltttriHnr  II  h-"l'>'">^^'""^^- 

To  >iava  and  to  iold  tha  aaroa,  togalhar  with 
the  appurianancaa  and  avary  pat'  tliaraof,  ft»r- 
a»ar.  And  the  aald  A.  8.  do«»  hereby  «»*•"•»» 
and  agree  with  aald  C.  D.,  that  ha  la  lawfully 
aaliadln  fee  of  aald  pramlaaa.that  Ihay  arajraa 
from  all  Ineumbrancaa.lhoththaa  a  perfect  rlghl 
to  convey  tha  aame.  and  that  ha  wUl  wMmnt  and 
foravar  defend  tha  aame  unto  tha  "M  C.  D..  hie 
haira  and  aaalgna,  againat  tha  lawful  aUlma  of  all 
paraona  whomtoevor.  ^      ^ 

In  wtlnaaa  wheraof  aald  grantor  haa  haratinto 
aet  hla band,  tha  day  and  year  llrat  abitva  written. 

(Sign*ii,)       A   B. 
Baacuted  In  praaanaa  of  > 
W.T..H  •.  , 

Tor  form  of  ActtnowLBOoiiBirr,  tee  thai  title. 

ASKAWBAS. 

All  peraom  ol  Ibll  age  and  under  no  legal  dIaablUty 
may  cotivey  ihalr  real  eaUla  or  any  Iniereit  iheraln. 

Xehaowtadgmant.    Sm  dtat  Uila,  ama. 

Dowar.  whan  hut'  and  tnd  arile  convey  hndt  af 
tha  huabaiid,  the  certliieai  '>f  acknowledgment  muat 
thow  that  the  wife  ackao^ledgad  her  rtllnquithmam 
of  tlower.a 

Marriad  woman  may  convey  la  the  tama  mao^ 
at  the  hiiaband.  ....  .«  .  . 

RacordlAg  li  not  icti^lrad  within  anv  epedlad  itMe. 
Mortngea  *r>i  not  lieu  until  recorded.' 

ftiua  ara  not  raquired. 

Sea  Ksimicin  Pokms,  poM. 

o  Cow.  »7i !  t»  PU*.  « :  S  Oralt,  iS7-^  •t"!!^  *• 
Prop.  |8so;  Wma.  R.  Prop,  aatf  :Waahb.  *.  R.  Proa 
478:  4  Kant.  Comm.  a«i, «.;  Cro.  Car.  109^  1  Ed. 
Raym.  7f9!  4  We*l.  Soai  •  Johaa.  Cat.  190.  t^ 
Wathk  11.  Prop.  479, 4lo-  B-M  «c>«.  tj4  j  94  W.  J»4 ; 
sN.  H.  S33:  »3W  A:  1 1' 


sN.  H.  S33:  »3W  A:  I  Ma 
Id.  3i«;  9  Cranch,u;  aaa4 
W-i  Ormy.  MJi  tj  Vl.  ^;  1 
154  i    14  Id.  lit,    m-Ra«rl.  Co 


4^^ 


la  Johna.  aoi  1  i} 

1*4  i  14  Id.  Ill,  m-Kawl.  Cov.  aei ;  e  Barb,  iftj :  3 
Hur.  i6t:  "  R»ch.ip:  13  U.  Al».3eo,49»;  sOri. 
e«a:  4n<l<74i  «  Ofclp »«.  5a  j ;  ad^.9a;  17  It. 
,|j  i    36  MU.  4«:    «4Ark.  309.    jr-if  Ma.  49B!«T  Hi. 

•^^oold'tDig'  OiT It,!!  t-0.    «.Ooiild'a  Dig.  Ch 


CONVKVANCPa. 


CALfrwiVIA. 


OiPJWawaa  «r  dead*  „«  hm  eaM  " 
i*r  w  Im  iHtMaaea  u  Mtawa  ;•   ^^ 

/Z  al.,  *"■    '•"»*•     I      '«  /0llm., 

Wllaaw  My  fiana      'ii*  ,_  ^f  __^,_^ 

Aabaaw  tAf 
Wagaiding  Ik 


CoB»e»a»«ae  miiet  ba  aNaaiad  by  •«• 


■nice  nf  the  rw 
•  iiiaMd 
•eaia.    iMai 

•iiumenw  are  .. 

Wiinaaaaa. 


^  owa  aiid  muat  ba  In  the 
ootiaty  «h<r««  the  land  i» 

laaled  and  unactM  !■»- 


Haeai  Piiaar*. 


„  camaha. 

...  ,  Pf^mrt  »f  l>ntmH» 

loraiiig  1.1  Iha  ),«>    „  ,  uatom  of  iha  hKailtv  uf  tha 
|.r..pc.ty  c.mv.yad.  *n  vaM  " 

Acbnowledgmen«.     Sea  ibat  Urta,  ante 

iK- .?''•?■  <-'»'"'«V«'«««  muat  he  in  duplicate  for 
'"•PO'P'-aa  of  ragitirailon  "!"««•■  lur 

lae"  mji,.  ""  """'  "  **•'"  "  '*  »««"'»  <o  «-...»y  a 

la  wSlS*firK"II?J*?  r°""y  "^  P'^'PW'y  by  a  da«l 

I^.l    T-  •*'  '  ■.','*/'  ••P*""  aaaminailoo  It  unnwse^ 

anveyance  .ihI  inairument  atiKlli«  laal  ati.i    it  daemed 

«rrrj^  T  ^'S***  '"••'«'*'  'onaldaradon  wTlh- 
>ut  actual  mull,  uiiteea  ngitiartd  In  the  r««ieuy  olBca 
of  the  county  where  Ike  landa  lie.  ^^' 

wIISii2^^"^i:     \'«~N»»««*II»  Improper 

In-  i^    '  •'"''  ?•"'"  'Ml"  before  dUbrr      tubacrib- 
ifi|n»llne.«»,  or  Sm  oo««yanca.  e«!.,  «i,.   ..  tSTVag: 

^^y^*"'^  "^  '"''•'  '"»«™mante    aflhcting  nal 

...  ..t!     Z  '■*»«••'-"«»-  P"P«"  -•  J. 

Ack        .lodgment.    Sea  that  titU  aala. 

!•  ling  i»  neceatary  la  order  to  a«Rt  crwilton. 

w  l!l  ""."«»«•"  »••  ptirohaaara  in  good  bitlr.  for 

V  and  wltbwt  Botica.  "^  ^^' 

~    „  ti^tMUAtm. 

aae  convmoeea  reibrrMi  to  baiow. 
AchaawMgmaol.    8*e  thai  Utia,  aata 

SSeof  dUSaSSHfL  t.i*"'^.^  eaacuied  In  tha 

Marrtad  twoaaa  eoave*  aaoa  ai  marriad 

„£?!!?!*jyf""""'y  •»  o'*«r  to  aCKt  eiodiioia. 

mModiMM  pywihawn  or  mortgagaea  to  good  fciih  fef 

value,  gad  wWunit  aoikia.       ^^^  "  ""^  ""■•  "* 

See  KAMiAa  raain,  poat, 

■  vmrnKi  lo  miow. 


Sea 


SwCoavmaeaaim 

Ackaawladgmaat  amM  be  parfoaaB*  — j- 

«»UaitoB«;;a»WB,T.aa«.    P**«»^"-*- 
■wHaa   wawau.      Woama  aMirtcd  liaca  Awfl 

•>k  »tn.  mar  mnay  wiikant   huSaMl  JoWMte 

(owa  dark  oTtha  totniwiMn  miA  laada 


»CC|«4a.    ACCfidaa. 


Wltni 
wiiiitvKa. 

S'<  liaNcaAi.  taamT    paat. 
•  AHOTA.  H,  aMi  m. 

mreyaaaaa  may  b.  maila  ham  huaband  to  wtlh^ga 
►«,  i.«M      Ha.  .im..y,„t„  „fc,„.|  ,.,  ui..,      ""• " 
Aehnowladgmania    ll*^  thai  mi.  .,,1. 

Courteey  <»  .•h.,iith«<. 
Dowar  <•  iUil«htd. 
U-frV'"*  ^T""  naed  aa.  |,Mn  la  a  ronvay,.,.-,  at 

Recofillng  l,n«,Mary  In  nrdar  to  aft»l  rrvdlion 
an  «N,.«ni  p.mh...„  „,  m.„,p,^.^  („  ,J.,  Zlh^ 
value,  and  oiihoiii  n.^ka 

WHnaaa.  I  Im  aaacull.m  ami  .Ullvarv  »f  a  coaaav 
aiK.  muat  ba  .ii..t«d  by  at  lawii  one  •Itaaae 

A-..        .  ..      »»M'AWAm«. 

Aatnowledgmanta.     See  ihai  uila   (Me 

aaiu'.f™,*l""'"*"'"7  !'*  '''?'  ''«!«'•>•«  or  other  le. 
pUy  proihi  ...  ,  «.  „,  ,I„I,  .mhorlKd  by  the  dimiaa*. 
tmalea*  .ii    jl,.,  ,„jii.,j|,i,  '  • 

Dovvaf  III-  ,r.|iT*.  .,  ,rf  a<-li««w|e'«mani  awat 
•  h.M«  thai  ih.  ».(,  ,e|im,„..hM  her  dowar 

Married  women  miui  ha  atamlned  privately,  aad 
aweb  «iaml..-i|rm  .  itriideil  i..  p"»»i«ty,  aaao 

u"**f!i^i',"*  ■»"",•*  "llhln  three  mooiht  from  Ike  teal- 
lag  and  dallvannir  (  the  >  unveyanca,  utherwUe  It  la  void 
aa  afltl-Mi  a  tolwciuant  fai<  >  taUltor,  mongagae  or  aw- 
chw«r  Hw  a  valuable  ^^ontlderatloa,  wimaui  noiica. 

■aal.      A  •<  riill  It  •i|(|tcienl 

WHnaaa.     *hit  wunaaa  It  tudklem. 

IHMTMI4-T  «r  <-«l.|rn|||A. 

(..nvryji,,,,  ,,j  anyr.iata  or  Iniereat  In  landa  Imie- 
mania,  ,,r  hcieilliamritia  wlihin  ihia  d  atrici  mmi  be 
etrciiird  Kiiil  arkniiwlrilgeil  before  any  olflcoT  authoriiad 
by  ihe  kw  ihne  lo  lak,  acknowtedgmenn  f 

Acknowiedg:mente.     See  that  llila 

.„  .I*'"  I.  '  V*L''"',''"*rJ*"  "'f«"«"«»b«a»eml«ed 
apail  lh>m  her  huaband,  and  bava  iha  conveyance  ftillv 
aaptai-ead  lo  her      Nee  titia  AiumumimifumairT,  ar.ts. 

Marriad  woman  may  convey  their  teal  eataie  la  the 
tamtt  uiaonar  at  lhni«h  tingle  » 

NeoiMdtng  lajwcaaeary  In  order  lo  allkct  ct«Utt<,t, 
tubeequMt  iMirehaten  or  mongagaat  in  good  ^  i!»  Ibr 
value,  and  without  m.tlca. 

■aala  ara  not  required,  but  cinmnury. 

. Jt^S?"^*"  *!?•  '•*'''*:.  '••"  «he ilgnlng. teaMng, 
and  dallyery  le  U4|fally  alleaie<l  by  <«,,  wlineee: 
Sea  GaHBaAL  roaita,  poat. 

Conveyaacat  of  anv  ettau  01  iivieraal  of  IVaeboH  <>f 

1  •  ^,"*  """•,  '''"?  '*."  Z™"  »"»»«  ba  In  wrltUw. 
eK.     See  formt  referred  to  below. 

Aehoowledgment.    See  that  title,  ania. 

2?^^"%   **••  '"'•  *">"owi.»i>oii«tiT,  ante. 

Married  women.  Clilient  of  ihltSiateatmni^Uga 
and  telMd  or  pcntotaed  of  r<ml  ..r  peraonal  pruBOfiy 
pr.|,..rve  their  Ulle  teparate.  Independent,  awriieyoid 
liwlr  huabandt  comnH, 

■acordlng  mutt  b«  in  the  county  in  which  the  landa 
are  aliuatad  and  within  ii«  moaiha  after  iha  execution 
thereof,  or  Ihry  are  void  at  uainat  cradliora,  tuiita- 
qiiempurchater,  or  mortgMia,  fir  value,  wlihouii  notka. 
JMt.  A  tcrawl  with  lEe  word  "  leal "  wriuan  la  W 
aS-ved  10  i«  it  a  auAcleni  teal.a 

Witaaaaaa,    At  laaat  two  ara  aaeeeaary. 
3ae  GawwAL  roain,  poet. 

.    «B*B«IA. 

CoBvtyancea  of  aay  etiaia  ar  iniarau  In  nal  Bi«Ben» 
are  nude  aa  rafcrmd  to  below  •-  r—  r 

AeLDowMnnaat.    See  dhat  titie,  ante. 

Dowar  aaedaot b«  laaounced aacept  wbera tha  kia. 
baad  h  aMenatIng  landt  to  which  he  derived  title  throuah 

in  Ui«  tiead  with  her  hii<thand  ban  her  dower. 

Roearding  ihoald  be  in  the  oftce  of  the  clerk  of  tha 
tuparior  court  of  the  coumy  when  the  land  liee.  withia 
lawhre  nwaiha  iraoi  Aa  iklu  of  iha  ooovayaaca. 

laala.    A  aaal  iw  apell  te  necaeaary. 

Witnailli.    An  deedi,  morigagea.  etc..  to  imd  ^ 
laM.  ihould  ba  atteeled  I7  iwof^^^;  aTmS 
aUiaioaar.  comuI,  etc.,  ar  M|«  brtm  ooe  <A  iham. 
Saa  OKNaaat.  foaiM,  paat 

k^AM  iM»,  April  le,  Id  Sttt.  U  41.     »«VlB.4Mb 


tuiiBtmiummmimmmnm  ruaai 


amvevANtKn 


till  Ih*  hllwiti.  Ml-' •*•       '  I  i'U«M  4«W*r, 
la  It  inwnpff  I   lt«>  n miKHl      SmU 


ll»«Htt. 

CxHWy  tM,  p*fti»p*.  do  war  tlMMttlltA.    . 
fMwMMH   mu«l  |alnt<u*tiari>)»  In  •••«•*      Na 
iiil><H<WR  b«two«   •••••*   ••»!  anM«M<l  !««»>» 
Mtrxl*       liM«t4tll(     ■■MMiry.    ktil     IIM«    ••« 

Mill  i»<  ^  ^     -       .  » 

voyaniao 

RMMtftaC  It  iKiwwff  I   .. 

M*  fo^tf M ,  *  *^»M  )•  uiDI'Llani      Wltit< 

Hail  f^Mll^irSB. 

••■••.  •.    D«*4«  Ur  ih«  MMvaf  ••!•«  •!  land 
may  b*  «ub«ianlUII)r  In  tha  lollawlnf  CarlN'. 

Tlia  araniuf  'H«t«  kn««rt  ih«  nam*  •»*-  n<inN**  *<Mt 
i|H*<«  1*  r*>i'l<iu«i.  tor  and  In  ««««ldaratia«  a( 
ih«r>  tnaart  .  .,n«lil*r«>iiini  han4  |ial4,  (anvaya 
an<l  warraMa  •«  (hor*  in-.  <  iti»  (r«ii.«  .  iu>in«  ir 
MUMtv  t|M  fialtowinc  4aaciiba4  raal  aatata  (h«r< 
Kiaan  Mwriirtl  wj,  alluaia4  (a  tlia  Caualy  af 
iM  JM  ftMta  ot  llllaaia*  A,  il  tl    *«  I 

D«<«4  Ihla  •  4ay  al       ,  A.  O    — .'• 

"1l.\mty  4«i<l  In  Mthauwn  In  iha  (lim*  for*!,  «lw« 
mfciram  •*<il|r  •««cui«4,  ihall  Im  il««m«l  •ml  h«4<i  • 
•Mlvaytm*  In  hm  tlmiil*  tn  iha  giantra,  hl<  h«lr«  <it 
MMglt*,  wlih  cdvMnaitra  un  |S«  u«rt  »f  th«  granwir  (ij 
iKal  At  <li«  ilm«  <>f  mdlilitK  4ntl  <i«llv«rlna<H  «ii*  H  ilratl 
iia  «••  S««ftilly  ><l<«t  ••!  *n  i|iili'l*««l>l«  <a)«t«  In  f«« 
•impla,  In  and  to  iha  ureintaaa  iharain  ilrat  tifia«l,  Ami 
had  ii»>i  tljht  and  nill  jiowtr  lo  fony»v  ihc  <«.n«, 
(i)  ihal  lha  lania  wara  ihan  fraa  lV»m  all  lii<  iiinlrf  >ii<  t». 
and  (|)  thai  ha  wmtuntt  l"  iSa  ai^ntaa  hit  h«^lf<  ••mi 
aaaigna,  |)ia  quiat  and  paacaabU  |iua««a>li>«  uf  aixh 
praii'  'a,  t  nd  aiili  daCand  lha  lUla  iharaio  aaainai  all 
fMn»»«  «lu'  injy  Uvftdly  lUim  lha  t»iiu  An<l  auih 
covanantr  ahall  tia  ohllHaiiiry  upim  any  anintur,  hh 
I  haira  and  \mn<*n»i  r«|>r*B«nljillvaii,  m*  ftilty  and  wltli 
Uhaalfao  «  If  arlllan  ailancih  lii  auch  daad."  R  H 
<•»»,  I'h    »>, 

"••«!.  ■••  Qalt  claim  4aa4j  may  km,  la 
aabatanca,  In  lha  fallawlnc  farm  i 

Tha  grantor  (hara  Inaart  Hraniur'a  mma  nr  namaa 
ar  I  tiUca  iif  rnldanra),  for  tha  aaaal4aratloa  of 
(k«ra  Inaarl  conaidrraiUm),  cenvay  and  Quit  «lalm 
to  (hara  Inaarl  amniaa'a  numa  <>r  naiaaa)  all  Intaraat 
la  lha  nallowmg  daacrlbad  raal  aalala  (hara  In- 
aarl daacrlpiioa),  atlua«a4  In  tha  County  of ■ 

lattitttataorllllnola.*  A.  B.  |L  !i  ] 

Data4  hia  — day  af ,  — .  D, ." 

'Kvary  daad  In  lulMUac*  la  lha  flna  prtaarlbrd  in 
ihia  Section,  whan  ixharwiaa  duly  aiarulad,  ahati  b4 
dcrmad  ami  hald  a  good  iind  aufficlani  ccinvayanca, 
miaaaa  and  <|uii  claim  lu  the  graniaa,  hia  hain  and 
•aaigna.  In  fa*  of  all  tha  than  tiilailni  lagal  or  aqalta- 
Wa  rlghta  ol  lha  (ranlor,  In  thaprcnba*  Ikarain  da- 
acrllicd,  but  ahai  aot  aatand  lo  altar  aoHilrad  llUa  uii- 
laaa  wordt  ai«  nddad  axpraaalug  auch  iMantlao." 
R.  R.  i*n,  Ck.  ]D. 

*"••••■■•  ■  '  '  When  lha  tmntor  or  gmnlen 
In  any  audi  mad  nr  inoitiii|«  ii>r  tha  conrayanca  ol 
any  rtal  aetata  dcalraa  to  ralaaaa  or  waive  hla,  har  or 
Ihatr  honaalaad  rlfriil*  iharaon,  thay  or  alihcr  of  than 
may  ralaaaa  or  waivn  lha  aana  byi  Inaartina  In  tlla 
form  of  daad  or  mortf^  (aa  lha  caaa  may  oa)  irro- 
vidad  In  Sactlona  nina,  laa  and  jicvan,  aftar  i^a  worda 
■■Stala  of  llllno!i.  In  aubalaaaa  lha  tollowliM  worda"  : 
"haraby  ratnaalnc  aad  waM«f  all  rlfliM  wa4ar 
•nd  by  virtua  of  tha  bom^taM  aaaantiMi  IftNW 
of  tha  Slata."    H.  8.  ityy.  Ch.  y>. 

Any  ooavayancr  if  bm£  arord^ln  vuhataar  w  M- 
low«  :  "A.  B.  convay*  and  wamnu  to  C.  O.  {Atr*Jt- 
tcrit*  tUf  frtmiMt),  fur  tha  MB  of  (4<r»  hutri  tk* 
(aat/irfrra/Mit),  tha  b>id  coavtvanca  balna  datad  and 
duly  alfnad, ..  Jad  and  aclinowMgtd  by  lha  mnlor," 
•hall  ha  daawad  and  hald  lo  ba  a  conrayaaea  Infaa  aim- 
pU  10  tha  franiaa.  Ma  haiia  and  aiiltnt,  vitb  covanant 
^om  lha  grantor  for  himatif  and  hlslinin  aad  DctioMl 
i«|in>«niativa«.  that  ha  la  lawfbiiy  «dnd  of  tfi«  pram- 
iica,  w  kood  riallt  10  Gomray  liM  Mim«,  and  guaraslaaa 
tha  (,.  at  poaaaaJoo  ibaiaof ;  that  tbafama  am  Rarfirom 
aU  iaciioitoamMa,  and  that  ba  will  a*iTant  and  dtAnd 
lha  liila  to  ika  tama  atainit  all  hwnd  datnt.i 

AckOMBladcmant.    8aa  ibal  tllla. 

CorporatioM  convay  m  aatunl  vartoaa ;  iliay  miM 
M*  ihalr  pilVBta  aaal. 

Ikawa*  w  aboUabad. 


Malta,  ata.    It  ilMdl  ant  ba  ataawary 

worda  "k«(«  •nd  a"li>»a  tA  cha  fr(M*i>     ' 
Iba  inataa  an  aaiata  <if  iiihartiaaaa      Aad 
Inianikia  nf  lha  iranim  lu  ■,■««•*  a  laaa  aak 
h«  t<i  aatiraaaatl  in  iHa  A«t4  ^ 

Marrlad  want* a     ^atMnua  itmA  »t  ll 
ciMimy*  a«  tatawat  t»  '•>•  fawla  -ll  •lia  wifc 
dead  -H  buibailaLiail  "H*  i»  naaaaaaiy  Im  |>aaa  iM  knda 
«f  iha  •ifc^Wll  kannd  by  h»i  «»>aMMa  aa  If  a«ta 
Tha  wMb 


'ttaMn 


wUb  taaaai  aaaxy 
Ika  kaaaaaajriaa  m  m 
ata* Ate  «w>i  ha  •« 


t  wnaoyant^ 


iay  and  yaiu 


har   Mpxcaia   raal  aataia  un 
M  tonvayaiHta 
_  lu  ih«  laaindar  a  ii<ll<  a  M  lha 

MHimy  whata  |h«  lan>l  >a  «iiiMii«d  whIh"  fciriy  ll*«  dayi 
•fiar  lha  aaacuiiuuof  lha  ••i»«ayan»».  i  a...a>«a«»ay 
anca  will  nai  ba  »alld  afalaaiaar  oilMn  tlMui  iha  ^mmnt. 
hi«  h»ln,  and  ihi>a«  having  mrtUa  <h»r»<il 
•aalaara  n..«  r.4iilr»i'  <  !H««  I  «*r.,««iii.>i«  »k-n* 
Wllnaaaaa  ara  n»t  rmiuitad 

U-nmrml   mmrwrnrntf  i»«>««l. 
wt<'>  ^»rm- 

Villa  (onvayanca,  mada  tbW day  of  -  -i  A. 

I>  ,  witnaaaalh 

I  hat  A.  •  and  W.  ■.  hU  wlfa.  of  county, 
inihaftuiaof        .convayaiand  wairanlalaC   0., 

,j(  aounly,  in  lha  Mala  at         ,  for  tha  aum  a' 

,  all  lha  foilowtnc  daacilbad  raal  aatata,  alta  ■ 

alad  lo  lha  couniv  uf  —  ,aiid  Stala  of  — ,  bt 
wll  I  I  V««  rdtiHg  ll  if  mtlti  an./  V»»i/») 

Wllnaaa  tha  t<antaia'  liaada,  tha  4a 
Arat  abova  wiltlan. 

A   B.      .Va/.l 
W.  B.  Iw/.) 
Par  bna  of  A(aM<iwi.aoatiBMT,  **•  iliai  iitla. 

('•it«ayMiM*-«l«ai«>«»l  Warvaaiy 
l.itnf  ft*  — 

Thlaaonvayantia,  mada  thia     —  day  of   — ,  A. 

D. .by  A.  B.  and  W  »  hla  wlfa.of         caunty. 

In  lha  Mata  of  -      ,  a«  lha  ftial  part,  «a  CD.,  <.! 

- aountv ,  of  tha  Btaia  af    — .  ol  tha  aacond  par  I, 

wtinaaaatn: 

That  aald  partlaa  of  iti*  ftrat  part.  In  «onaldar*» 

tkio  of  tha  aum  of dollara,  tha  racalpt  of  whic  t 

ta  h«rcby  achnowleiagad,  dr>  oy  thaaa  praaania 
aranl,  bargain,  aall,  ^nd  O'jnvay  unto  aald  party 
of  tha  aacond  part  V^t*  haira  and  aaalgna.  all  tha 
followina  daacrllwd  raal  aatata,  altuatad  in  lha 

county  oT  ■    .,and«tataaf .towlti  t^«r«*m» 

It  iy  mtMi't  »n4  iammturut). 

To  hava  and  to  hold  tha  aama,  with  lha  aipytM' 
tananaao  and  avaty  part  tharaof,  foravar. 

Aad  aald  {k*rt  iiuni  ikt  luutit  <</  '*'  f»'lr  t't*'- 
till  wmrrmmlmr,  U  ir/ar  lUmnM*  >•  <«"•«  Man  tkM 
tki  tmrrmmtr  AiUI  In  mtUi  ty  inly  ini  a/  Iki  pnrtin 


lir  ihatr)  awa  right,  of  an  abaoluta  and  lndar>aat- 
bla  aatau  of  and  In  alt  and  aiagular  tha  abava 
grantad  and  daacrlbad  prainlaaa,  with  tha  appur- 
lanancaai  that  ha  haa  good  right  t^  convay  »ha 
aama;  that  ha  guaran'-.aaa  tha  fuiat  poa»-  Ian 
tharaof  s  that  tha  aama  »•«  t»qa,  claar,  «  '  dle- 
chaigadafaad  fr'.a  alk  (■>aaa' braacaa  af  •  ^nt- 
avar  natura  a-  bi<:JI  aaa^raf,  aiM  that  ha  (ar  tb«y) 
will  warTMii  a  .„  foravar  daiam:  'ha  iltia  ta  tfta 
aar^  .  -  fat  t^<  <•  »>'J  »>»'ty  ol  tha  aacand  part,  bla 
hav ,  a  a>,i  tamiti-^.*.  .»<»!:!>«  a!!  and  avaty  paraoa  i 
r  aona  oabenfa*  >  mt,  lawhiUy  alaimlng  or  ta 
u^ir)-" '.ba  aaaaa.        .  ,^  .  ,.   «    . 

lit  wiWiwa  w'Naiaof ,  tha  aald  partlaa  or  tha  Arat 

Sart  bava '         «to  aat  thair  haada  and  aaala,  tha 
sya»>!lv«        /at  abova  wrlttan. 

A.  B.    (Sm/.I 
W.  B,  |5to/.j 
For  bra  of  AcKNOWi.BiK»MBHT,  laa  that  Iitla. 

Cwiv»jr«ii««~««««ri»|  Wii»Mi««jr  »••«. 

^  Alt0rmir-~M»rt  nrm.       , 
Thii  caavayaaea,  mada  thia  — -  day  af-— ,  A. 

D ,  wliftaaaath :  .      ^     _^        . 

That  A.  BMaf eaiMty,la  Iba  BtaHaf , 

by  A.  A.,  hla  attarnoy  ta  fact,  eaavay  aald  wat- 

ranta  to  (i.  !>.,  af aoiiaty,  In  tba  Mata  af  •~-; 

fwthraim  of dotkra.ah  tha  foUowlBi  M- 

acrib  4  raal  aatata,  aituatcd  ia  tha  aoiuiti'  ar . 


d-alh  Saaa.  tj 


••Id.    r-<  Orom,  90.   ffJL  1.  iMi* 


. '  i*A- 


/ 


iMMNl 


i:-4[,? 


l*-^\).StiX  4 


mutXim^miSim 


OOirvevANcKs. 


in«M«». 

C*«*M«V  »i>4,  p*tii»p:  aowat  abaMdlltd    Mar- 
ti»4  w-mtn   mu«l  |nln  husbanit*  iti  ca«vay     N» 

m«niU       NM«r4ln«     u«««Mai)r,    kul     lima    B«« 
Itiiii  t»il, 


A«lliMwl«4anna> 


.ll*l«»lll. 


MarrtM  w*< 


Mas  r<i«>«y  indlvi^ituiJ  t'"'^*;!)  ''y  I'ltHln*  In  tlwiMl 
vay  ••■<  a  ollh  itia  llMtoMl,MM  Ikarahy  ial**a«  4««rar 


Ra«or«llna  u  mtniwf»i  ifaM  >•• 
ara  fa>|iili<-l.  a  uniil  !•  «iAkl«ni 
a»»*  ratnilra*! 


Ilnilia>l 
Witnaaaaa 


la 


urn.    Oaa4a  tar  ihaaonvarancaaflaM 
may  b«  aubatanilally  In  Iha  following  farm 


TVa 

fl> 

(hark  liM«rt  ti)itttl>t' 
and  warranta  la  i>' 
it«m«>,  tb«  fellowln! 


har«  iiMafi   iHa  nawa 


a«)t 


franlur 
raai'Umai.  itir    mn4  )n  conaldarallon  al 
hand  paid,  convaya 

<  iKr  i|tmitra'«  fiAina  ^tt 


Ink'  ilaxvitiaa  raai  aaiaia  (nan 

Imcri  ,v- '  ilpil  HI)  allitaiad  In  Iha  COHHly  af , 

in  Iha  Stata  of  llltnola  *  A.  II  |l.  H  | 

Dtlid  ttila  •   day  of        ,  A.  D ." 

"I>««iy  'load  In  •ulnUnx  In  ih«  alaiva  Ibrm,  wham 
elhar«l>a  iHity  •aai.-ulml,  ihall  ha  ttMmad  tnd  halil  > 
Ciiiivaysm*  In  ha  tlnpla  In  tha  gianl**,  hi>  h«ln  <•€ 
a««l«iia,  wlitt  tiirananu  an  iS«  yart  uf  ihc  aranmr  (i| 
ihal  ai  *>■•  lima  •>/ naklnii  ami  (ialiv<rlng<irii>i>  h  drail 
ha  wa«  iaoAilty  >«lic<l  «f  *n  l|ut<>r«aall>(«  n)*U  In  faa 
almpla,  in  ana  In  lUa  urvmiaaa  ihaialii  4raiikl>a<t,  an^i 
hail  gian  right  ami  mil  |io«<r  In  cotivn' ihe  <»in« , 
(•)  ll>al  iha  aanic  wara  ihan  tica  ittnn  all  liii  uinlf'tiHaa. 
an<l  ( )l  thai  ha  warr^ma  i>>  iHa  Miiniaa  hia  hrifa  ami 
aaatgna,  tha  qulal  and  paacaaUla  piMavtaaion  ^tf  aiitch 
praai  vt,  ,  ml  will  dafanil  ih«  lltia  iharaiu  acainal  «)l 
pani  .  arlx)  may  UwtVilly  claim  Iha  >«ma  AikI  tuch 
CovananU  (hall  Im  iihllgatory  upon  anv  grantor,  hIa 
haira  and  paraunal  ra|>rca«nuiiiv«a,  *«  Amy  and  ailtli 
Uhaalfact  •  If  orluan  ailangth  In  tuch  d««d."  K.K. 
iltj.Ch.  »>. 

"m«.  I*.  Quit  claim  daadi  may  b«,  la 
aubatanca,  In  tha  foilowliif  farm  s 

Tha  (7anior  lh«ri'  inaari  graniur'i  nam*  or  namaa 
■r  I  i>U<:a  uf  rmldanra),  tor  IIm  caaaldarallon  of 
(krrc  inaoti  cunaidcrallon),  cenvay  and  auil  claim 
ta  Ihar*  Inaart  graniaa'a  iMma  or  naiaaa)  all  intaraat 
la  tha  Mlowlnf  daacrlbad  raal  aalala  (haio  In- 
aart daacripiloa).  alluata4  la  tha  Cauaty  *f  — — i 
la  ihi  ttaM  oMIIinola.*  A.  ■.  |L.  8| 

Oatad  hia -day  it ,-.  D, ." 

'Kvary  da«d  In  lulitiaaca  m  ih«  tlna  praaorlbrd  m 
thia  Hacilon,  whan  (iihanriaa  duly  ciacuud,  ahall  ht 
d««m*d  ami  held  a  good  and  auflclant  convayanoa, 
Nicaa*  and  i|iili  claim  to  ilie  grautaa,  hIa  hclta  and 
•talgna.  In  fe*  of  all  tha  than  axlatlng  lagal  or  a<|uita- 
Wa  rlahn  ol  iha  grsnior,  In  tha jtramb**  ihatain  da- 
(cribad,  but  ahaB  not  aitand  lo  aftar  acuuiied  lllla  un- 
laaa  word*  ara  addad  aipraaalug  auch  inlanlian." 
R.  «,  lirr,  Ck.  JD. 

*  '♦<i«B.  I  la  .  .  .  Whan  iha  ftmntor  of  granlora 
1n  any  tudi  daad  or  aiortgaga  for  tha  conrayance  of 
any  real  aataia  dcairca'io  rainaa  or  waive  hIa,  har  or 
tlicir  homaalaad  rlghla  tiiaraon,  ihay  or  althai  of  tham 
may  ralaaaa  or  waiva  tha  aaaia  l>^  liwanlBa  In  iIm 
Ibrm  of  daad  or  mortsaca  (aa  Iha  eaaa  may  M)  pro- 
vidad  In  Saetioaa  aina,  laa  and  jiavaa,  aftar  l|ia  worda 
"8tala  ot  Illlaoli,  In  aubaianaa  Iha  bliowinji  worda"  : 
"haraby  ralaaaing  a«4  walviac  all  rtcMa  l^■4ar 
aad  by  virtua  af  tna  hom^aai  aatawaHaa  iKwa 
•rtha  Stata."    R.  S.  ityy,  Ch.  y>. 

Any  eoBvayancr  of  laiMn  wordadia  cubalanr    u  M< 
lows :  "A.  B.  convaya  and  warraau  lo  C.  D.  {Atr*de- 
mrih*  lit  /rtmiMn),  tut  tha  »u»  of  (*«»  {i$Mrt  U* 
-'-—^    tlw  fiUd  convayanco  lieing  daleii  and 


t»Hi/dtrmii*ir),  tha  fiUd  convavanca  belna  dated  ami 
duly  tignad,  a.  Jad  and  acknowladfcd  by  tha  grantor," 
•hall  ba  daaoMd  and  haid  to  ba  a  conrayaaea  in  fta  aim. 
pla  to  tha  graaiaa,  hia  haiia  aad  MMiam. «  " 
num  Iha  grantor  for  hinaalf  and  his  Min  i 
rapnaantallvaa.  that  ha  la  lawfiiliy  laiatd 


iiim- 

,  with  covatunt 

aad  jpenKWal 

..^ , „        ,  of  tfiaprcm- 

laaa ,  w  fcood  ri^  to  convay  tha  aama,  and  guuanlaci 
iha  t,  el  poasaaatoD  tbaraof ;  that  tha  fame  ara  (nf^tmtn 
all  incumbranuaa,  and  that  ha  wtU  warrant  and  daftud 
Iha  title  to  Iha  tame  agatnit  ail  iaw&l  daima.i 
AckaawMcmant*  Sea  liiat  title. 
CorpgratloBB  cooray  la  aatund  panaaa  i  they  mu*i 
Mt  ihdr  private  teal. 


tialia,  ate.  Il  *haM  nal  W 
«..r.l>  "kii>a  .in.!  a''«lgna  M  iha  graax*  '  </>  craaM  la 
Iha  grawtaa  *a  >.4i>ia  »l  tnharlianaa  And  H  II  ba  iha 
InianlUm  uf  Iha  |iant>.i  lu  timaay  a  l»aa  aaiaia,  u  ihal 
ba  M  aaaaaaaad  in  >h*  ilaad  ' 

Mailfaai  wamaa  ftauaraM  daad  »l  iha  hiaabantl 
aaawilt  aa  laierwi  Ni  iha  (amh  .if  iha  wifc  tba  Hn* 
■Mg  af  kuahaMaNd  wife  la  na^aaaary  In  paaa  iha  landa 
mmm  lim  »rlii  fcatM»<l  i^r  h"  •«»aaa»ia  aa  If  aola 
Tka  wifc  tiaamil  cumvay  har  M|>.iraia  nal  aaiaia  uii 
laaa  Iha  hii>''and  Julna  in  Iha  tonaayama 

Racoralng   mwl  h*  in  ih«  r»«'mlaf'»  c.m.  a  nf   iha 
tooMiy  whaia  4lttf  Ian- 1  it  "tltuiiad  aoltm*  fiiriy  ftva  dayt 
ahaf  Iha  oaaa.iil>u«i  id  Ilia  i>,K»ayai*».     (ank««a»ay 
anca  will  not  ba  valid  a«ai«ai  aav  mhara  ilvan  iha  gp«M<>i , 
hu  halft,  and  ihiiaa  having  nmUa  ihamif 

•aala  ara  mrt  r<>|iilrw' <    Haa  lunaoaaiiunu    aim** 

Witnaaaaa  ara  nui  miuiiad 
«wM«ay«iMW -41«-n»r*l    Wi»rr«N(y  ••••a. 

Thiaaonvayanca.  made  thia day  af  — .  A, 

D.        •,  witnaaaalh 

rhal  A.  •  and  W.  ■.  hie  wl(».of faunjy, 

in  the  Stata  uf 
,jf    ...  count  1 


tonvayaiand  warrantalaC.  0.. 
for  tha  aum  af 


-  aounty.tn  ina  aiaia  oi ,  lor  tna  anm  o' 

,  all  Iha  fbiluwing  dtacilbad  raal  aetata,  elta- 

atad  In  Iha  county  of      .  ,  and  ttata  of ,  h> 

wit  1  ii^«»<»#*m4f  •!  *)>  mtlfl  «<•./  ^fmmi/lj 

Witneea  the  giantoia'  handa,  tha  day  aad  yaar 
ftrat  above  wiltlaa, 

A   B.      .V<a/.l 
W.  ».  I.W/.j 
Fat  form  of  AcatWWtgpnaiaiit,  aaa  iliai  lida. 

fmwyia—   Mamoyl  WartrtiMtjr  Kaail. 

Thia  canveyan«>a.  made  thia     —  day  of   — ,  A. 

D. byA.a-andW  «  hla  wlfa.of         c^nti^j 

in  tha  Maia  of 


al  part,  to  C.  0.,(>f 
,altha  aacond  part. 


nm  waava  >•  -■     ,of    (i<a 

county,  of  tha  Amu  of 
wltnaaaatn : 

That  aaid  partlae  of  ih«  ftrat  part.  In  conaideri* 

tion  of  tha  aum  of dollara,  the  lecalpi  ol  whtet 

la  hereby  acknowloAged,  dn  oy  theee  praaanta 
grant,  bargain,  aall,  «nd  ejnvay  unto  aaid  party 
of  thaaecond  part  h.a  haira  and  aaalgna.  all  the 
following  dtacribod  read  eatata,  elttiatad  in  the 

county  of- — , and  Stata  af ,lowi»:  {tUttrttint 

it  iy  m»*tmri  m»d  toutuUriti). 

To  hava  and  to  hold  tha  aama,  with  the  agfiiir- 
tananaaa  aad  avary  part  tharaof,  forever. 

And  aaM  (itrt  imttrt  Ikt  mtrnt  uj  Ikt  f»'lr  »r  t»r- 
lift  wtimtrntint,  U  ttlng  tUtir»Ut  m  umt  c**n  tkM 
tkt  vmmMtj  ihatl  i*  mtuU  ty  »hIj>  ««/  4/  Ihr  ^rlttt 
(»nv*tint),  do  (»r  doa»)  hereby  covenant,  promiaa. 
and  agree,  la  aad  with  aaid  party  of  the  aacoad 
partrQlM  M  la  (#r  ihay  ara)  lawltefly  eaiaed  in  hia 
Ttr  their)  awB  right,  of  an  ahaatuta  and  indef  jaai- 
bia  aetata  of  and  in  aU  and  aiagular  tha  above 
granted  and  daacrlbad  pramlaaa,  with  the  appur- 
tcnancaas  thatba  haa  good  right  ta  convey  tha 
aama  I  titat  ba  giiaran''.eaa  the  quiet  poar-^  •  loo 
thereof!  that  tha  aame  »n»  fioa, clear,  *■.'  dlo- 
chaigaoof  aad  flr'.'n  alk  |T^«an>.branaea  af  Ahrtt- 
aver  nature  v  bie  J  aoe'ror,  and  that  ba  («r  Jiay) 
wiUwaTTeoia  ...  fi»raver  dafamf  'he  title  to  Iha 
aap'  .  ■tta  t^^  <;•*>  ?3rty  of  tba  aacond  part,  hia 
ha', ,  a  «>,si  mmkii-!.*:  3jra;«.it  all  and  awary  peraoa  ar 
r  ,ij;aa  whontHK- «»,  lawftoily  claiming  or  lo 

'^>-n '%%  aaflia. 

|R  witaaaa  aa^Nanof,  tha  aaid  partlaa  o/tha  Aral 

Suit  have  '         ato  aat  their  haada  and  aaala«  tha 
3yandv<        /at  ahova  wTlttan. 

W.  B.  l&af.} 
For  torn  of  AcmiowumaMairr,  laa  ihai  title. 

C*HV»y«M««~0«««mil  WarrMitjr  D««4k 

By  Alltruif^-Sttrl  fbrm. 

Thii  coBvcyanea,  mada  thia day  of——,  A. 

O. ,  witnaaaalh :  .      ^     _  . 

That  A.  ■..  of eotwty.  In  tha  •!•♦*  5'---' 

by  A.  A.,  hia  attorney  In  fact,  eonv«r  aaM  war- 

rente  i«  <i.  D..  of county,  in  tha  RatK  .of -r*' 

for  thraum  of doti*ra.all  the  foUovirtiig  *•• 

acrib  d  raal  aaiau,  rttualad  in  tha  aottiilj,*M 

4l.,,th  Scaa.  67.     ••U.    t-tOnm,9it,   yjt  S.  iM^ 
ia^ay.    k-bLlagag.    Md.|a»ig. 


r^'-«M 


(May  •  Ihm  «HaM,  k  (h*! 

■M  tlHtl  nf   tiMi  (Mnbantl 
h  ii'  III*  mitt      tk»  !'!<■•< 

..n.»r«<K»,       _       ^    . 
■  ixl  wiiliiM  t>irif  Ao*  4ayi 

•  y  utiMni  itMUl  Ih*  |r«M»i , 

i 

iliM~~4ay*f  —  .A. 

il*  wlft»,  •/ tmkfiVf 

ikn4  warrant*  taC.  D. 


to( 


,  tor  th«  turn  o 


;/ 


tb*d  r««l  •alaia.atli- 
,  and  aiala  of ,  kt 

anda,  tha  4ay  an4  jpaar 

W.  •.  t.W«t/.l 
•liliiHi,  •>•  ilwt  iltla. 

>l  WacMMity  >■><. 

thl»    —  day  of   — ,  A. 

hl>  wifa.of  cauntf, 
<V>a«  part,  la  C'  D.,  «i 
— ,«l|ha  aacondparl, 

Aral  |>art,  In  caaaldaT«» 
tra.thaiacalpiat  whkcl' 
,  dn  '>y  Ihaaa  praaanla 
C'jnvay  unto  aaU  oatXi 
i«ra  and  aaalgna,  aH  tha 
aatata,  alluatad  in  tha 
I  — -I  to  wtt :  (lUttrtUnt 
■»)• 

I  aama.  with  tha  apyvt- 
hataot,  foravar. 
tuutnii/  tkt  farlj  *r p»r- 
nratit  i»  umt  c»Mi  thsl 
tf»i4fy  #•/  »/  /**  fnrliit 
raby  covanani,  promiaa, 
tld  party  mt  tha  aatoad 
>)  lawfafly  aaltad  In  hU 
ahaoluta  and  tndaf  laai- 
ind  Angular  tha  abova 
amtaaa,  with  tha  appur- 
K>d  right  t3  convty  f ha 
aa  tha  <|tilat  poar^:  >•« 
ai'ti  h'3a,  claar,  «■■!  dln- 
l-\a«>^.hraiicaaaf  Ahitt- 
>r,  aM  that  ha  («r  tbay) 
d«ian<:  «^a  titia  t«  tM 
f  of  iba  aacond  part,  hta 
t  a'.l  and  avary  paraoa  e* 
kwftelly  alaiming  or  to 

•  aaid  partlaa  ot  tha  Arat 

loir  haado  aad  aaaia,  tha 

wrlttan. 

A.  B.    {S»ml.\ 
W.  8.  I JM/.] 

inoMamr,  ta«  that  iWa. 

M  WMfrMitjr  IfA, 

I  thia  — -  4ay  of  -— #  A. 


Bty.itt  tho  ataMof- 
I  fact,  convoy  oatd  « 
inty.intlMMatKaf- 


mty,  in  tho  Wat*  of-~-, 

ra,  ail  tha  (bUdwing  **■ 
led  ia  tho  •ottnf;'  •■  • — . 

K  Oraai,  go.  V4L  S.  •M^ 
|a»i»- 


^mmmmm 


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III  ''^ 

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► 

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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


•;»p 


CONVEYANCKS. 


•77 


-,  to  wit  I  (AirHMv  it  h  "w'M 


md  Blat*  of 

^ml  tautuU). 

fciSfi'K::  wr'tf.'?'"''  •""*•"»•  "•"'•*  "••' 

I'or  form  of  AcKNOwLiooMnn,  im  that  tiilc. 

n,  AtUmty-Ung  F„„.    ^   ^^ 
Thl«  conw«v«nM,  mad*  thS day  of ,  A. 

••_»•  Meona  part,  witnaawUi : 
That  Mid  party  of  th*  flnt  par,  In  ceiwidara- 

'?^k  '  "•^■'■>>  Mil,  and  convay  unto  aald  party 

cAunT!!^  d««!rib«l  raal  aauu,  aitualad  In  th* 
county  oT ,  and  Stota  of ,  to  witi  (Jturiit 

.ii*iJ?rf7.--?.l*'.i"''?  *•  ••»"•,  togathtr  with 

SnVSi-!.',".!^'*'  *"••  t'n'wtoihtradltamcnt., 

■  and  appurunancaa  thtraunto  balonalnt,  or  In 

IIf??f  ''I!'  *^  ^•''"  ""^  •"'•na  fortvar.    And 

frmV^M^S??"'  ?'•  •'•*'••  •«««'»«o™.  or  admlnU: 

I?  ^SSTiS'  •**•'  P'^y  •'  *•••  •••ond  part,  that 

at  th*  dalivary  of  thaa*  ;r;Mnu  h*  waa  law- 

-.i*'*'W'f.  ••»?*•  •'  Inherlune*.  In  fa*  almpi*. 

fi*^^  P»*mja**.  with  th*  appurtaiuuicMi 
that  h«  ha*  good  right  ta  convoy  A*  MaMT^t 
hi guarante** th* (|ui*t  po*^MarontliMMr  Ait 

2;s-.5teari-i^l5«-a,r!S 

•  ne  th*  titl*  to  th*  aam*  unto  aaid  oartv  of  tha 

•  tcondpart  hta  bain  and  uaigM?a«^.t  aSd 

B;rto*dS£rs:±r'^''*'"""'  ^'^ 

*  .i" hSl*£S5r.5f22i''il!»  5^*  p«*y  hM  h*r*unto 

V  or  rorm  or  AcKNOWLxocMairr,  m*  that  lid* 

ThI*  eoBMyanc*,  nwd*  thli — 4aw  of .  A. 

»>--— ,wlto****th8  ^mr^       .«. 

i-T3?f  L^:  ■•/■^  ■»••  '^  '•  W.  a,  of eonnty. 

"  ■Kovawrlf 


For  font  «rAcm)owi.i 


•aia,th*d«y 

A.  a    XStmt.\ 
W.  a  hSM.] 
MtoAatflU*. 


tt*.oeaittyof«^Md  StatvoTI^^iBvSiwi? 

t^»*  and  t6  kold  • 
■a  — i  ilapiHi  <lto  >i 


and  appurtananc**  th*r*unte  h«longlng,  or  In  any> 
r»!f  •p.''*L'*.'"'"«'J'"**  ?•'"•  •••rty  •' »•  •••Old 
E!I.L„f.K^*l'".*"''  "y^"*.  tor*v*r;  and  aald 
party  of  the  Arat  part,  for  th*m*«lv«a,  thair  haira, 
•xecutora,  or  admlnlab«tor*,  do  h*r*by  covenant 
promlM.  and  agra*.  to  and  with  aaid  party  of  tha 
aecond  part,  hia  haIra  and  aaalgna,  that  thay  will 
!1V-*"*  •""^'"'•var  dafand  tha  within  granted 
llttaaVi^*,  pramlaea,  with  th*  appurtananeaa. 
?tT™'i!J''.l'''''"l'  <•'•'•  Po»~na  elirimlng  or  to 
Claim  by,  through,  or  under  thamaalvaaland  ihaa- 
»*l>  e<  I  only. 

In  witnaaa  whereof,  the  aald  partlea  of  tha  Sial 
part  have  hereunto  aot  th*ir  haSa  and  aaai*.  tiM 
day  and  year  Arat  abovu  writtm. 

A.  a  [s^.\ 

For  rorm  of  AcKMowLtDoltBirr,  Me  that  title. 
0«ave]rMne»-^alt.ClalM  Ooml. 

Any  conveyance  of  land*  worded  in  lubaunce  a»  fol. 
low« :  'A.  B.  quit-claimt  to  C.  D.  (ktrt  dftcrii*  th* 
frimtut),  for  the  sum  of  (Afr«  imtrt  Uu  cntUn^a- 
UoK),  the  laid  conveyance  being  duly  •igiMd,  tvalmi, 
ap  J  acknowl'  dged  by  the  giantorihall  be  deemed  a  good 
and  «iiffici«nt  conveyance  in  qult-clalm  to  tiie  irantca. 
bit  heir*  and  aiiign*.*  a 

ThU  convayaiMa.  mad*  thi* day  of .  A. 

°-  -r- .•*">-"•  •«»«>  W.  B.  hie  iifi.of — 
county.  In  the  Stoto  of ,  ault-clalma  to  C.  D.. 

n;;;"lu^:Ji  ^i  ft»<»owlng  deacHbad  real  «*. 

—jj  to  mWUdnteriUng  Ut, ■»»/« mmdtouMf,). 

Witnaaa  tha  grantor**  handa  and  aaal*.  th*  day 
and  y*arftr*t  above  writton.  —«.••«••» 

A.  a  r&n/.i 

W.  B  ■  \SnU  1 
For  form  of  AcKHOWLBDamirr,  aee  that  tiila. 

Line  Ftrm,  with  Warnmty. 
Thia  conveyance,  made  thla day  of ,  A. 

"IS^****  ."/"""■  of  *•>•••«•««<  part,  witneaaeth : 

2,M-K'ii''2  •"£  •',- —  <«»««'»r  tha  receipt  of 
which  ia  hereby  acknowledged,  doe*  by  U*** 
praaanta  ramia*.  r«!*aa«,aa/<br*v*r  oultxialm 
untooaid  Mrty  of  tha  «aeond  part,  btolitairal^ 
aaalgna,  atHha  (bUowingdaK:rA:d  ^a^ta,^ 
uMedinthacoMtvof-^aijdStateef— !noWit: 
._^''J'***.'»*.i?»  "•"■  »>«•••"»•.  tocathar  With  lUl 
and^ngnlar  tba  tonmnants, h*ndktMn*nt*raad 
•••.??'^5S!!L  *'••'*«•*•  bttongingTor  ""mS; 

Ajajfcr  Mwyy.btolwlr*,  *mcutor*.  or  admin- 

2S!?^'-l5flii'ir*fr  "»M«nt,  promt**,  and 
•gr**.  to  and  with  *aid  party  of  th*  **eand  oart. 

commtmd.  ntentod.  or  atiibrod  any  act  or  acta, 
thing  or  diiafa.  whatso*v*r.  whoraby.  or  K 

DMOd  ia  any  manaar  wbataomr. 


^ra  WHO  ***'  *'*'Ur   ■HSHUBBs    VVMHSMV 

In  «'ltiiMOWb*ro*f,  t«M  *aid^wty  of  tb*  BrM 


ror  kum  «t  AcxmnnMamuatt,  wm  that  tiUeT 

_     IOWA. 

Conveyaaew  aftcrtag  rml  eetat*  or  any  IntetM 
tlMRinaMitbeiawritlBKelc.    See  for«nWS«dto 

Acknowl*dgm*M.    See  thai  ilUe. 
i-!l!i .    f*  '»•«■•»•    The  wift  joinlM  widi  her  hu*. 
band  in  the  convcyanee  of  real  property  i«  nifflolent  lo 

^oeordlng  In  the  office  ^f  Ac  rcconier  of  deedk  of  the 

or  proof,  in  abaotuteiy  neeenary  to  their  valhUM  a* 
MpJmtaubHqucm  purchaaei».or  ■OfMmeT Snod 
S&.tovahM,aad«MKwtaMica.^^^^      ^^ 


5^ 


■eiHWHM 


»7« 


CONVEVANCfiS. 


8«al*  ar*  not  raqulrad. 

WitiwaMS  ar*  unnxcMMiy. 

8m  Indiana  Form*,  ani* :  Ommauts,  fomtu,  post. 

KAITNAS. 

form*  priaMd  aiM  told  by  Geo.  W.  CnuM,  Topaka, 
Kanu*. 

ConvnuKM  of  real  nUM  or  any  inlamt  tlMrcin 
mint  bt  in  writing,  and  ar«  In  form*  at  (Ivcn  balow. 

Corporattona  oaaouM  convtyancai  undar  tlialr  cur- 
porat*  Mai. 

Marriad  woman  thouM  join  ihclr  hinbandi  in  the 
convayanc*  of  rwl  MUta ;  but  lhl>  li  not  nacMMry  If  at 
Ibc  lima  ofaiacutlnc  iha conveyance  •hehunavar  been 
areiiileni  ef  the  Suia.  Sap«nla  examination  U  not 
•niiired  notcualomaiy. 

RaeordlaK  in  the  offlca  of  the  regitier  of  dcedi  of  the 
•Dunty  in  which  the  landa  are  situate  ia  ncceuary  to  Im- 


part notice  to  crL'tliton,  lubsaquent  purchaMn,  and 
morigageM  In  good  faith,  ftw  ralua,  and  without  notice. 

Baala  are  aboliihed. 

Wltnaaaaa  art  uaneoaaaary. 

CyHtv«y«iiM-«kta«r«l  WarpMty  I»m4I. 

Thla  cenvayanca,  inada  thia da*  ef ,  A. 

D.  — ,  batwaan  A.  B.  ai>d  W.  B.  hta  wifa.  of- — 

county,  In  tha  Btata  of .  of  tha  Aral  part,  dnd 

C.  D.,  of coffnty,  In  tha  luta  of ,  of  tha 

aacond  part,  witnaaaath : 

That  aald  partiaa  of  tha  drat  part,  in  eooatdara- 

tiott  of  tha  aum  of dollara,  tha  racalpt  of 

which  it  haraby  acknowladgad.do  by  thaaa  praa- 
ants  grant,  bargain,  aall,  and  convey  unto  aald 
party  of  tha  aacond  part,  hia  haira  and  aaaigna, 
all  tna  fallowing  daacribad  real  aatata,  aituatad  in 

tha  county  of ,  and  8uta  of ,  to  wit :  (<fr- 

teriiiHt ''  *f  i-*tn  »iul  ttuitdt). 

To  havo  and  to  hold  tha  aama,  togathar  with 
•U  and  ainguiar  tha  tanamanta,  haraditamanta, 
and  appurtanancaa  tharaunto  iialoaginff,  or  in 


inywiaa  appartalning,  foravar. 

And  aald  (itrt  imtrl  tht  nam*  rf  Ikt/iartf  trtar- 

Hit  vmrrmmlinf\  for  hlmaalf  (or  thenudvet),  hia  (or 

their)  haira,  aaacutera,  or  •dmlaiatratoro,  doaa 

haralv  covanant,  premlaa.antf  agraa,  to  and  with 


party  of  tha  aacond  part,  ttat  at  tha  daUv- 
ory  or  thaaa  ^  f  ««."ntt  that  ha  waa  lawntUy  aaisad 
1b  hia  omu  riiht  of  an  abaoluta  and  indafaaa- 
IMa  aattta  o?  inharitanca,  in  fea  aimpla,  of  and 
in  aU  and  ainguiar  tha  abova  grantad  and  da- 
acribad pranaiaaa,  with  tba  appurtaDaneaa:  that 
tha  aama  aro  bn»  (clear,  dticiiiiqp>d,  and  uaincum- 
hmd,  of  and)  Mm  all  (former  and  other  gnuiu,  title*, 
chaira,  atutai,  iudgmenti,  uxee,  aaMMBMnu,  and) 
Incummuicaaorwnatnaniraorltlndaoavar:  and 
that  ha  win  war /ant  and  fbravar  daCind  tha  aama 
unto  aald  party  of  tha  aacond  part,  hIa  haira  and 
aaaigiM,  againat  aald  pa«tlab  of- tba  Brat  part. 
thalr  hatra.  and  all  and  arary  paraon  or  paraona 
wbomaoovar,  lawftilly  claiming  or  t«  claim  tha 


Jb  wttaaaa  wharaof,  tha  aald  partiaa  of  tha  Rrit 
PVrt  hava  harauoto  aat  tbair  haada,  tha  day  and 
ywwflratai^yawrlttao.  KTB. 

W<  B< 
For  ftna  of  AcMNOWLSDOMMT,  laa  that  title. 

Ciwayoyw  %9*9»mt  Wanmrty  Bm«. 
_Thla  coBvayaBca,  mada  tUa  —  day  of-—,  A. 
p. -—.  by  A.  B.  (and  W.  B.  W»  wifc),  S?l— oOBAty. 

la  tba  itato  of ,  of  tba  Brat  part,  to  C  D..  Si 

eouBty.  la  tha  Btata  of ,  of  tha  aMoad 

partiwltaaaaath: 

That  aald  partiaa  of  tha  Brat  part,  la  ooaaldara- 
tioaofaiaanmof---dollan.t&araceiptorwbleh 
to  hM^  ackaowladf  ad,  da  ky  thaaa  araaaata 
grant,  barealn,  aall.  aad  eoavay  nnto  aald  party 
^  tita  aacond  part,  kto  balm  aad  aaaigna,  aUbia 
right,  tltta  aad  lataraat  aalgr  ia  tha  following  da> 
acribtd  rtal  aatata,  altuaMd  la  tba  county  oT — , 
andfltataof .  ta  wit  t^tooady  it  fyjmtittmiJ 

■    To  ban  aiul  te^b^ld  tba  aama.  togathar  with 

an  and  ali«Blar  tba  taaamaata,  heradltamoeta. 

and  appnrfanancaa  tharauata  baloaglec,  or  la 

aaywtaa  appMtalalng.  uiita  tba  aald  jpw^  af  tba 

aaMadpart.Ua  bafara  aad  MalgMfSroyar;  aad 

M^  partiaa  otth*  Brat  aart,farthamad*aa,  tbair 
_ . — ._... ^  . 


covenant,  promiaa,  and  agraa.  to  and  with  aald 
party  of  the  eecond  part,  hia  ntiira  and  aaaigna, 
that  thay  will  warrant  and  fnraver  defend  aatd  In 
tereat.  the  within  granted  and  daaaribad  pram- 
ieea,  with  the  appurtanancaa,  againat  tha  claim 
of  all  paraona  claiming  or  to  clalra  by,  through, 
or  under  thamaelvaa  (and  themiclvee)  only. 

(n  witneea  whereof,  tha  aald  partiaa  of  tha  ftrat 
part  have  hereunto  Mt  their  hande,  the  day  and 
year  Brat  above  written.  A.  B. 

W.  B. 
For  form  of  AcKHowLaooMBirr,  MM  that  title, 

4'-«NV«y»«««— Ciaaanil  Wa.rMm«y  Kaad. 

Bf  Alltmn. 

Thla  conveyance,  made  thia day  of ,  A. 

D.  ,  by  A.  B.,  of  the county.  In  the  Bute 

of .  of  the  Brat  part,  by  A.  A. .  bto  attorney  in 

fact,  to  C.  D.,  of county,  in  the  Btata  of , 

of  the  aecond  part,  witnaaaath : 

That  said  party  of  the  Brat  part,  In  conaidera> 

tion  of  the  aum  of dollara,  the  receipt  of 

which  ia  hereby  achnowledaed,  doaa  by  theae 
prcaenta   grant,  bargain,  aaU,  and  convey  unto 
eald  party  of  the  eecond  part,  hto  haira  and  aa- ' 
tigna,  all  the  following  deecribad  real  eauta.  alt- 

uated  in  the  county  of ,  aad  Btata  of ,  to 

wilt  (deserO* it). 

To  hava  and  to  bold  tha  name,  toa ether  with  all 
and  ainguiar  tha  tanameau,  heredltamanta,  and 
appurtaaaneae  thereunto  belonjiog,  or  In  any- 
wiae  appertaining,  unto  tba  aaidparty  irf  tha  aec- 
ond part,  hto  heirn  and  aaaigna,  forever.  And 
**i^  tAHr  mmrrmmUm),  for  blifiaalf,  hto  heira,  aa- 
ecntora,er  adminiatratoia.doee  hereby  coirenant, 
promtoa,  and  agraa,  to  and  with  aaid  party  of  tha 
aecond  part,  that  at  tba  dallvary  of  thaaa  preaeata 
that  be  waa  towfuUy  aalaad  In  hia  own  right  of  aa 
abaeinta  aad  iadaSMMlbto  aeute  of  inharltaaca,  la 
fee  aimpto,  of  aad  la  aU  and  atiMpilar  the  above 

Sraatad  aad  daacribad  pramlaaa,  with  t!^  appnr* 
laaaeaa ;  that  tba  aama  aro  free  (clear,  dJachamd, 
and  uoincumbarad,  of  and)  from  aU  (fcrmer  and  other 
grania,  litlw,  cbaicn,  aitttci,  Judgncnti,  tajiM,  mmi*- 
menis,  and)  iacambraacea,  of  whatever  aatuio  at' 
kind  aoovar  |  aad  that  he  wiU  warrant  aad  Ibr- 
evor  defaad  tha  aama  unto  aald  party  of  tba  aae- 
ond  part,  hto  haira  and  aaaigna,  acalnat  aald  party 
of  the  Bret  part,  hto  haira,  and  all  aad  every  per- 
aoa  or  paraona  wbomaoever,  towftelly  elalmlac  or 
to  ctoim  the  aama. 

In  witaaaa  wharoof,  tha  aaid  party  haa  baraaato 
eat  hto  baad,  tha  day  aad  yaar^rat  above  wrlttaa. 

_     .         ,.  BfA.A..hbmUorm*fit/»ct. 

For  fcna  or  AcaMpwutooMairr,  mm  that  tloa. 

wUk 

Tbto  eoarayaaca,  mada  thto day  of ,  A. 

D.  — •,  by  A.  B.,  of — oonaty,  la  tna  ttata  of 

— ,  of  tba  Brat  part,  to  C.  O.,  af eaaaty,  ia 

the  Btata  ef ,  af,tba  aavoBd  part,  witnaaaath : 

That  aald  patty  of  tha  Brat  part,  m  cenaidata- 


C»»yayga  J|wH.clitii 
Wmmuily. 


tion  of  tha  atim  af  — —  donara,  tha  receipt  of 
whtoh  to  barahy  aekaawladcad,  ' 
praeeata  ramlaa,  retaaaa,''  an^f 


doaaby  tbfiM 
-War  nuit-ttolm 
unto  aald  aarty  of  tha  aacon^f  p«rt,  hlaMia  aad 
aaaigna,  aU  tha  feUowlaa  daacribad  real  oatala, 
aituatad  la  tha  eoiuity  of ,  aad  Btata  of  •— , 

to  Witt 

To  have  aad  ta  hold  the  aama,  tocathar  with  an 
and  Btagalar  Mm  taaamaata,  haradltamaatB,  aad 


appurtaoaacaa  tharauata  baloaglng,  or  la  aay> 

wiae  appartalBlag,  aato  the  aaidparty  af  tha  aae- 

part,  hto  hdra  and  aaalgaa,  ferevar.   . 


ond 


ai^aator 


adalaiatratata,  doaa 
and  agraa,  to  aiad  with 
part,  fito  beita  aad  aaalgaa, 

doBa,oa«mlttad,aaaciitadi , 

acta,  thlat  •*  tfelaga,  wbataeawt,  wbarrtiy  or  hy 
moBM  «baraafthowUhia  giaatad  aad  dtattlbrt 
nramtoaa,  ar  aay  part  thereof,  aaw  at*  lamai- 
barad  la  any  maaaar  whataoavar. 

Ia  witaaaa  wheraef,  the  aald  patty  af  tha  fliai 
BM  iMaharettata  aat  Ua  haad,  tha  day  aaa  VMI 
Biat  ahava  wtittoa.  A*  Bl 

Par  fctm  of  Aocaowi  aaaiiia,  aaa  that  tWa. 


tad  •■?••.  to  And  with  mM 
part,  hU  hvira  and  atalfnc, 
tt  and  foravar  dafand  aald  In 
rantad  and  daaaribad  pram- 
tanancaa,  acainat  tha  cMim 
ng  or  to  claim  by,  lhrou(^ 
(and  ih«mHlvM)  only, 
r,  tha  aald  partlaa  of  tha  ftrat 
at  thair  haoda,  tha  day  and 
taa.  k.  B. 

W.  B. 

IWI.8D0MBMT,  tO*  Uut  tida. 


••ml  Wanwaiy 

'  Alltnun. 

nada  thto day  of ,  A. 

tha county,  In  tha  Btata 

irt,  by  A.  A.,  hia  attornay  In 

county.  In  tha  tuta  ol , 

'Itnaaaath : 

tha  ftrat  part,  In  conatdam- 

doitern.  tha  racalpt  of 

■nowladfod,  doaa  by  thaaa 
lain,  aaU,  and  convoy  unto 
:ond  part,  hla  haira  and  •••  ■ 
II  daacribod  rani  aauta,  ait- 
M — ,  and  Sum  of — ,  to 

1  tha  oama,  toirothar  with  all 
•manta,  haradltamanta,  and 


unto  bolonxlnf ,  ..  ... 

ito  tha  aaidpvty  of  tha  aac- 


I  or  In  any- 


and  aaalcna,  foravar.  And 
r),  nr  hiifiaalf,  hla  halra,  •»- 
•ton,  doaa  harabycotranant, 
«  and  with  aald  party  of  tha 
ha  dallvary  of  thaaa  praaanta 
Mlaad  In  hW  own  riiht  of  an 
dbla  aatato  of  inharlUnea,  la 

all  and  aitt(ular  tha  abnva 
d  pramlaaa,  with  tit  apput» 
imaara  frao  (daar,  dKharnd. 
nd)  ttvm  nil  (feriMr  and  oihar 
naM,  JudsnKMa,  taxn,  miim 
Maa,  of  whatavar  aatun  m- 
\\  taa  will  warrant  and  Iter- 

unto  aald  party  of  tha  aan- 
1  aaaigna,  Mtninat  aald  partjr 
laira,  and  aU  and  avary  par> 
aoavar,  lawfully  cialminc  or 

,  tha  aald  party  haa  hataunto 
ind  yaar^rat  nbovo  wrlttan. 
A.  a, 

Bf  A.  A.,  hU  mtUnttf  htfatt 
wuuMMBirr,  taa  Uhu  ilda. 

■l«.Cte|M  Bm«  wUk 

lada  thia day  of ,  A. 

—  Munty,  la  taa  ttato  of 

,  to  C  D.,  of eomty,  la 

M  aa»oa4  part,  witaaaaath : 
Om  ami  partfia 


dollaf%  tha  raaalpt  of 
taowMcM,  doaa  by  ^hM* 
■aa,"  an«  Ibravar  mft-daim 
■  aac«a#  pwt.  blaliataBWMl 
ivinf  daiBribad  raal  aatnt, 
ly  or — ,  and  Stoto  «f  -— -, 

I  tha  aaiaa,  tocattaar  with  all 
tmanta,  haradhamaats,  aad 
into  baioagtac,  or  ia  aar> 
Ito  tha  aaUTparty  af  tiM  ana- 
and  aaaigna.  feNvar.   AaA 


Miiad^orwrfhrodaw  act  «r 
wiMtaoavar.  wiMftfby  or  by 
lUda  gsaawd  aa4  «MtribSB 
t  tkwaof,  ttam  an  ianH»> 


WMWiOMMra 


'hia  haad,  SaXqr  aST  Mw 


'.aaattaliiria. 


CX)NVEVANCES. 


rMT«,MM»-TrM«  !»••«  wl*k  War. 

D.  ~.'b;r,:s?;?A  •■".:  ^*" — •••r  or  __.  a 
S«-w«bi^-*--"--^.w.^th:f^^ 

appurtananeat  tharcunto  balonirtnlrTr  7n  .„„ 
wlaa  appartalnlng.  foravar.  IMbThf 'trtat  „Jl.?" 
Ihalaaa,  and  to  and  for  t>^«  uawi.  IntcrMtS  «d 

KribK  iL'SZT.*^"?  •«''.•  »Kl  tha'^lthm  d.< 

oWiffTa^.ilSb'^a^.nn'f'rhita^trteS 
«»32fa2S7K"'  '"*•  »•"*  •'•wm  w^^STnYwd  for! 

£5f,r4rO:;y?„^^^v^i^^^^^^^^ 

B.  r. 

rori6naofAci.T  JOMT-  mc  thaHlS;.^' 

C»«Y«yMi««^r.  ^  «'^r;a  .,  Atel.la. 

Thia  eMv^raaca,  mad     J^T^  day  of A 

•^aituated  to  tSrJSSW-^TSJrtSS 
of  Kanaaa.  to^wil :  {dtttrO^H).  '  ***^ 
I*J;?!2.**'JJ».»»«!M  OtoaboVagraatadpi^m. 


ofT!l!!.'S^  '^  •pprov.d  by  ma  thto day 

Slir^fA  B*::"  °-  ".  fuardlan  of"  l'    mloo; 

wr:{ij."h'-  •"•• »' -.o'".l..*=i.?oJV;;j: 

orJ^rnf^l'^ruVd'^ut  "or.h''.%Vo'^.'3ruA'» 

?:d':?;tii„:?%Va\'^«j?^/«^;«;^^^^^^^^^^ 

To  hava  and  to  hold  tha  abova  >nntMi  ...>_ 

^VA'  is;v45rrn't^  s:  2fd"S^w?  •"•^* 

part,  hla  h.l«  and  aiatoS.  foKCX.  ■~°"* 

'y  '»'*^»5"« P«t doaa  hereby 


And  tha  aald  party 
I  thaaa 


covanant  with  tha  aald  ^2^2prii?,;i-^;3: 

--_j-----  — »  ••Huuvaianto  of  la' 

ordara.  In  ard  concamlng  aald  aala 

In  witnaaa  wh>ra«r  >i.t.  . 'r.  .5 


ordara.  In  and  eoie«r..i»- ilij  1-S'*>  •"«   «>»  M 


part,  hia  halia  aad  aaaigna." 

tha  anl#  party  of  tha  aaeoi 

raquuomoato  Of  law.  aad 
coneandnc  aald  aala. 

f  aa  — »--- __^^ < 


party  of  tha  aaconS 
-jravw.    Andthaaald 

•-  •U  ttiiM«.obaarvad  tha 
of  all  ordara  ia  aad 


•ad 


I"  whaM*  whMoof.  tha  aaid  party  of  tha  «m 
'nMimain,  aaa  that  Hda. 


w.'steurwJfe.^n!""*  ""•  ""•  *"•  "-y 

of —AD  -!!?  •W*'**^  •»y  ««>•  thia 4a> 

D^'«««»»«y«»ca.tnadathto^!lldayof A 

~  c«j«^.  and  htoto  of—.  S?S'a':io'n/p4 
That,  whereaa.  on  tha ^.y  at a  n 


mm  coaia  s-/  anlt.    And  wharaaa.  A.  9    ■h.^iirt^ 

county, «dd Stota ofKanaM  bv^.^.^.? "' 

•xwitttionlMttad  out  of  thir5uS5il?«?Ji*J'  '" 

I*  5SI!!!?1^?^'»  •^^'Jpwfnt^and  to  aald  'her- 


iir  rfi»>Mli  .'C^'j'^i"  i»«>gmant.  and  to  aaid  aher. 


■9 


C0NVKVANCE8. 


Mai  wMM).  Ih<  rmaipt  or  which  It  haraby  ae- 
knowMgad,  4oat  haraby  (rant,  bargain,  til,  and 
convay  iialaUia  aa*d  party  of  tha  aacond  amn,  hia 
hajra  and  aaalgna,  rerairar,  all  tha  aatata,  right, 
Ktla,  and  inlmat  of  aatd  C.  O. ,  ludgmant  dabtor 
aforaaaid,  wharaof  ha  waa  aalaad  or  peaMtaad  at 
and  anarlhatlma  whan  aald  raai  aata««  baaama 
habla  to  tha  aatUtectlon  eraaid  Judgmam.ln  and 
to  all  tha  following  daaoribod  raal  aatata,  aituatad 
in  — -.countv,  In  tha  Staia  of  Kanaaa,  u  wit ; 

To  iMvo  and  to  hold  tha  aama.  togathar  with 
nil  and  atngiilar  tha  tanomanta.  haradllamanu, 
and  ar~ — ' ** ■-  • 


writ  or  aaocuUoo  iJoraaald,  ha  ifid  Itvy  vha  aama. 
tiava  appralaamant  mado,  maka  ratarn  of  *ha 
mina.glva  public  notica  by  advartlaamiint,  and 
mako  «Ua,i»nd  in  all  thinga  obaarvad  tha  raqulra- 
■nanta  iiriaw,  and  oi  all  ordara  In  nod  eoneatntng 


'5  *'t*'!Sf  Yharoof,  tho  aaid  party  of  tha  flrat 
part,  ahariff  afarooatd,  hao  baraunto  tot  hIa  hand, 
Mo  day  and  yowr  fliM  nbovo  writton. 

Om  Ordir  ^  Suit. 
Thta  cpnvayanao,  mado  thia  • —  da*  of ,  A. 

liato  of  Kanaaa,  of  tha  Ural  port,  and  1.  9.,  of 

— eounty,  and  Stato  of ,  of  tho  aooond  part, 

witnaaaaih  t 

That  ttia  aaid  party  of  tha  flrat  part,  ahanff 
aioraaald,  by  firtua  ofan  ordar  of  aab  iaauad  out 

.f  tha  diatnct  court  of eounty.  in  tho 

judicial  diatriet  of  tha  Slata  of  Kanaaa,  on  a 

jiidgmant  to  anforco  a llao-randarad  by  tha 

diiitrici  eourt  of county,  in  tho  Kato  of  Kan- 

aaa,  oa  tho  —  day  of—,  A.  O. ,  in  an  action 

than  and  thtro  ponding,  in  flavor  of  A.  B.,  Juda- 
niL*'^"?''  1"*  •«^'?*  C.  D..  Judgment 
debtor,  and  for  the  aaio  of  tho  laada  an/tena- 
mfnta^hareinalter  daacribod  and  graatod,  and  to 

irad:  e< 


iaid  ahanff  'Iraetad  and  daUvara<r:  eomniaiiding 
hi  m  that  of  aaid  landa  and  tonamenlaor  aaid  Jadg- 
nnint  debtor  ho  cauaa  to  bo  mado  tha  afSaraaard 
iMdgni  nt,  coata.  and  ehargoe  haretnafler  man- 
lionad  -up«a  which  ordar  of  aala  waa  iadaraad 

,1.- .  -.^.w.  -•— ^M,  coita.  and  eh 

waa  enterod— b] 


judgr 

ttiinac    wppww  w  ■*•»•■  wnavr  wi  ■■■«  waa  iiMoraafl 
the  araount  Of  debt,  damagaa,  coita.  and  ehargaa 
for  whioh  aaid  ludgmant  waa  entirad-b»  fli 
lavlWl  upen.aal/  landa  and  tanomanta,  anS 


thereof  mala.  In  conformity  with  tha  provlatena 

**'^^  .^^  •«»  *•  •fWbMah  a  Soda  of  clvii 
pitMod<tre."  apBr«fed  February  *s.  iiM.  aad  an 
•"JO' »«>«fftlat»&e  of  the  Itate  of  Kaaaar 


-.- — I,  tho  amount  and  amoi  ta'for  wbl^'  aaid 
J«{|mmt  waannfirad.  du  aa  woU  to  aSd 
pWatiff  M  otfiar  parttaa  w  Mid  aetton  bavtag 


an  theoatM 

a%«aM.'wlMMriM^M  aiiM^M^ 


^. 


•;««"i^n noraMr gram,  Dargua. aafl, and  aea- 


wraaaia,  wnaraor  no  waa  aetaad  or  poaaaiaad 
at  aad  altar  tha  time  when  eaM  raal  aMiMba- 
>ma  Mrtla  ta^tiM  Mti^kictioa^iSd  laS^it^ 


in 

alMalad 
»lt: 
To 


rin& 


to«  to  ~  wmaty.gtgiStoW 
MMrrMy  «  h  mtUt  mndhmA). 


Know  all  man  by  thaaapr^aanto : 

Thai,  wharaan,  tha  foflowing  daacribod  real 
property,  vli.  t^iunhmf  Ik^  taHrfJmrtt/  imM>/  /^ 

/.•  r>f//.H)  I,  aituatad  In  tha  county  of^ ,  aad  Stat* 

of  Kanaaa,  waa  lubjact  to  taaatlon  for  tha  year 

.?•  ~.~'  •""•  whereaa,  the  Uaao  aeeaaeid  upon 
aaid  real  proparty  for  the  year  aibreeald  remaintd 
due  and  unpaid  at  tha  data  of  tha  aale  haratnaftar 
mentioned ;  and  whoreat,  the  ttewiurer  of  aaid 

county  did,  on  tha day  of ,  A.  O. .  by 

virtue  of  authority  in  him  veated  by  law,  at  (m 
«-<;«.rW  *•/»  ^)  the  aala  begun  a.  u  pubUcly 

held,  on  the  flrat  Tueaday  of-—,  A.  D.  - .  a*. 

poae  to  public  aala,  at  the  count*  «aat  of  aaid 
county,  in  aubatantial  conformity  with  nil  the 
resuUittona  of  the  atotuta  In  auch  caaa  made  and 
provided,  the  real  property  above  deacribad.  fo» 
(ha  payment  of  taaea,  intereet,  and  coat  than  4u« 
and  remaining  unpaid  upon  eaid  property  t  and 
whereat,  at  The  olaao  aferaaaid.^.  UVirf ". 

counter  oJ .an/itoto  of ^^baving  olbrod  to 

fifi'lSlf  r""  "' —  dollaraand canto,  baiof 

the  whole  amount  ot  toaoo,  Intoreato.  and  caaM 
fcJ^?j!"^5^  remaining  unpaid  on  aaid  pr«iporty. 

which  waa  jKo  leaat  ouanttty  bid  (bT^tnd  pny- 


And 


off  to  him  at  that  price' 

-   'ft       ■       ■ 


itignmtm/i, 

1  «l!« duy  of ,  A 


(If^-    f*sr€  k»i   httn   miir 

whcreM,  .„c  rtald  C.  D.  did,  on  Ihc         „, „ 

D. duly  aulgn  iha  certifical*  of  iha  uU  of'ihe 

propan      .  ■forauia,  aixi  aK  hi*  right,  liila,  und  later- 

«l  to  ••iu  proparty,  to  E.  F..of  iha  county  of .  and 

Slata  of . ) 

(And  wharcM,  the  dald  R.  r.  did,  on  tha  — -  day  of 

— •.  A.  D ,  duly  auiaa  iha  cartlflcau  of  tha  sal* 

of  the  propolv  a*  .ifomMldTand  aU  hh  right,  till*,  aad 
InMraal  to  uid  propwty.to  O.  H.,  of  the  county  of- — i 
and  Suta  of .)  '  ' 

Aad  whorMt.  tha  aubtoquant  toata  of  tha  yoar 

;Zri!22f'5?SP  *•  *•»?  ••""  «' dollart,  fiave 

been  paM  by  the  parchater,  aa  provided  by  law ; 
and  whereaa,— -yoara  have  alapaed  elaco  the 

^tlS^*  !5*!L*"t.**'«  "^  property  hat  not 
boon  redeemed  tiierefh>m,  at  provided^  law  i 

.^'"iL'  2?*'**K*',''  C.^*-  «»nnty  elarli  of  the 
county  aferoaaid.  fbr  aad  in  eonaidaration  af  the 

eum  of  —  datlara  and conta,  iaaoa.  coatt. 

and  Intoroat  duo  on  aaid  laad  fbr  the  year  A.  d! 
—— ,  to  the  treaaurer  paid  aa  aforeeald,  aad  by 
virtua  ^  tho  atatuM  In  au«h  caaa  made  and  prS- 
vidad.  bava  fraatad.  bargained,  aad  aotd,  anl^ 
Sri-KVi?  ,*•  JP*S^'  b«ialn.  cad  eon,  aetb 

SSi'.iiJli'CSF^*'^  real  property  laatfiere&be- 
Itoro  doawlbad.  jo  have  and  to  hold  nato  him,  tha 
•^*  Ari^#r6.  H).  hia  heira  and  aaotgna. fei! 
P^JjJigl^N^ww.  «o  aU  righto  af  redemption 

In  witaoaa  ivitoraon  I,  C.  C,  county  el«1i  ae 
aferaaaid,  by  tirtaa  of  authority  aferaaau[have 
Mreuato  MVarih^  my  aamraadSESi  *i 
ettelal  aaai  at'  aaid  eeuMy,  oa  thla dayof 

,  A.  O.  — %  C^  ^* 

For  tma  of  AnraowLaBammr,  aae  duiTSda. 


Know  airman  by  thaaa  waaaato: 

That,  whereaa,  tha  Jutowiag  dtamlbia  ratf 

Auna/JM)^  attiHtad  to  ^  eoaatyaf-- Taad^to 

SrXaaaaa,  waaaiA|)aet  ta  taaattaa  Ibr  tha  yaar 
.".P-— r>aB'wharaaa,  tliataaea  aaaaaaadMan 
aaid  raal  prapiarty  Ibr  tha  year  aferaaald  ramaSad 
tfnaaadiMpaMlUtiMdaieoftha        -""'"«*' 


.iiiz.:y-z~v~  T-  — —  "V  "~  ••*•  heralnaftar 
eoiiJSjjS'^JT**^'  ^  traiMMfar  af  a^ 

camity«H,aa  tho— —day  of ,  A.  IX -—.by 

vtrM^aaOority  la  hiia  vaatad  hy  lawTat  (S 


coanty,  la  enlMaattal  ceaflirmi^w.»  »  »„  .^ 
providad,  tha  raal  paapanr  ahaim 


CONVEYANCES. 


-----    -Tmi 

thaMprxaanU: 

h«  fallawiiig  4Mcrib«4   rMl 

ihof  Ik*  tnllrtMntI  im^t  It 

\  th«  (ounty  or — ,  an4  tutt 
jmt  10  uaatten  for  th*  y«ar 
raai,  lh«  UMa  aMimd  apon 
rtk«yMraferaaai4  raniaintd 
ha  data  af  tha  aata  haratnaftar 
Mraat,  iha  Uaaaurjr  «f  aald 

4ay  of .  A.  O. ,  by 

In  bim  vaatad  by  law,  at  («• 
tna  Ml*  b«gun  arc!  •nbUcly 

uaa4av  or ,  A.  D ,  a». 

I.  at  tha  county  taat  of  aaid 
Ual  conformity  with  all  tha 
itatuu  In  auch  caaa  ma4a  an4 
vrosarty  abova  daacribad.  fof 
M,  inlaraat.  sad  coat  than  4u« 
•U  upon  aald  prOMrtyi  and 
toaa  aferaaald,  C. U/af  tha 

kaia  Of .having  oihrad  to 

dollar*  and canto,  baing 

tt  Uaaa,  intoraato,  aad  coato 
nlBi  unpaid  oa  aald  iMOBarty, 
»rti»m  ^th*  tmtin  Pmrttt-U^ 
»  quantity  bid  for ;  and  oay- 
lavlnc  baoB  Inrhlm  mada  to 
ba  aaid  ptoparty  waa  airtchan 

l>*fn  tutifnmtnti,    mM.    And 

.  did,  on  ilio d*y  of——,  A 

iM.cenllicala  of  Um  mW  of  the 
■nil  aK  kU  righi,  tlUo,  mm]  later- 
'  E.  F., of  tha  county  of—,  and 

>id  R.  r.  did,  on  tha  —.  day  of 
auip  Iha  cartltcata  of  iha  ul« 
•Mid,  and  ail  hi*  right,  iltia,  and 
y,toO.K.,  of  tha  county  of 1 

aubnaquaat  tasaa  of  tho  voar 

Iha  Bum  of dollara,  hava 

rchaaar.  aa  oroWdad  by  law ; 
lata  hava  alapaad  ainca  tha 
d  tha  aald  proaarty  haa  not 
■from,  aa  providad  by  law  > 
.  C.  C.,  counry  elarh  of  tha 
r  and  In  eanaidoratloa  of  tha 
•»d--^conta.j|a«ao.  coato, 
•aid  land  for  thayaar  A.  5. 
ir  pald^aa  afbraaatd,  aad  by 
la  auch  caaa  mada  and  pro- 
,  barnlnod.  and  aald,  aodby 
mat,  barcain.  end  aall,  unto 
\.  n.,4u  a*  f<ut  aun  Ar), Ma 
a  raal  Breoorty  laat  harainba- 
»•  •««  toTioW  onto  him,  tha 
).  hia  haira  and  aaalgna.  for- 
•r,  to  aU  rlgbu  of  radampttoa 

oft  I,  C.  C,  eoaaty  clark  aa 
of  aatftoritjr  afarwald,  hava 
I  my  aama  and  aSaiad  tta 
•oaatK  oa  thta  —  d«rof 
C.  C^ 
OtmtfCMk. 
wtasomMT.  M«  thai  dda. 

■••— ItMK  !>«■<. 

^  C^  h  *^  Cmmif. 
haaapraaaata: 
!'^^?l**^."*  dMHtkad  raa' 

ttMCaantiror — ,aJr 
Kt  to  taaatioa  for  tha 
•a,  thai 


flSl 


tha  yoar 


tha  yaar  aferaaald  ramalMd 
a  data  of  tho  aala  hatatoafkar 
arMM,  tha  traaaoNr  af  aaid 

at  wi«<MW*r«Mt,oraaM 

I  coiifbrmlty  wtdi  all  tho  ra- 

M  la  auch  eaaa  mada  aad 


the  paymant  of  laaaa,  Intaroat,  aad  aoat  then  dua 
•nd  ramalnlng:  unpaid  upon  jaldprrpaJty  ?  and 

could  not  boMld  for  tha  aum  of dollar*  ani 

.  hr»!r  .L  "•  •  'l!*  '••'Ola  amount  of  tax  and 
t.hargaa  Iharaon,  tha  (am*  waa  bid  off  bv  tha 
county  traaaurar  for  ..Id  county  i  andwhaMaa' 

on  Iha day  of ,  a.  D.  -—    C  D    ar  ih. 

county  of  — ,  and  Stata  of ,  having  pilS  into 

i«  th- T-^.  "7~  i""""  •"<• canto,  baIng  aqual 

"„,?  "••  "'  radamptlon  of  aald  |»roparty  it  i^iat 

dav"o^f2!:ll"A"'i4'*'*  ''J'*.*=°:  "'"'•  »"  «»»• 

af  ih.  ;ni'  2#  .h- •  '•'"''  •"'«?  «"•  ••rtWcata 

hi.  ,iZi.!r?i.i    "'•  P»»P«rty  ao  aferaaald,  and  all 
K    IWk:1'-''  ?"«';"«•'•••«  to  Mid  propaMy  to  E. 
i  ••  »h;  county  of ,  and  Stato  of  — . : 

—  amounriV:  Vl' .V'"^"";  *"~  "'  «»>•  year 

b^AnTMk^.h'.'f  "'J  •""  *•' dollara.  fiava 

oa*n  paid  by  tha  purchaaar,  aa  providad  by  law  • 
Anif  wharaaa, yaara  hava  alapaad  ainccthe 

bTlnSLllmifl'.L*"!""  •••«»  property  haV  not 
Daan  radaamad  tharaf^om,  aa  providad  bv  law  • 
Mow,  tharafora,  I,  c,  C  ,  eo\^Wty  clarh  ate  (/*» 

KBMTUdC  V 
For»M  printed  and  uld  by  WlUtach,  Baldwin  ft  Co.. 
-  ,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  * 

ilv«rb2StJ*"  ""^  "'  "^  ^""^  ^'*^'  "• 

Aeknowtadgmaat.    See  that  tlU*. 

grporattona.    Saa  title  Acktowmdomiht,  ant*. 
celS^**     •"■•°*    8«l««'«««»ln«tlonl.n"n;^ 


menu atbcUMi auch  tin*  or  Inieraat.are  not  valid  anln.i 
lr^!^*^,t. '  "^^  con.l^,irwlthll!rttSS« 
iLuZ  f "?"»'. «"«"  I  '•  eclHiowMnd  or  proved  »nd 

Mid  ihlSL^  W  '  lodged  for  record  until  the  tax  be 

diiye. 
SMlaareabollehad. 
WttaaaMa  are  not  raqolrad. 

''"-'-  L?ar.s,T:;^:r^o:LV^r '°"-' 

vvuHSiaShT"''^'  "««•»«»«•_  day  of  _. 


be  lecorded  within  tiny 


',toWit:(ilrr^ 


m^A  miLiZT^  ^?"*'»  """«"o  in  i 
end  Btota  (#r  Commonwealth)  of 

t^nw'ili'a:  hiHinh'.*/  •^«~"»»i  ^  •»•'•- 

writtoo:  ^*        ''"'  "^  "•"  ■"*  ••>«»»• 

For  form  of  AckMowlsdombnt,  laa  that  title. 

wuHiLSSr""**'  •—  tW.  —  da,  of—. 

mZ^hkk^Y  •'■~IL**"^'J?  **•  •*■*»  ^-^  Com. 
monwealtli)  of ,  by  A.  A^  hIa  attoraoy  in  foet 

tha  ttata  (m- Comnoawealth)  of .forthoMmef 

-—  dollwa,  all  tho  foOowlac  daaeriM  rZL  a^te 
■hunted  in  tha  coanty  of  ~.^  sSST^TcSS' 

.noj,w.«i,h;  of—,  to^, :  (*,;:?5wi!S  m;*^ 

J.hSK5!!?2*?**'*'!'"'  f«»torhaaharaBnto 
••t  hla  hand,  tha  day  aad  ya&ftrat  abovowrimn! 

ror  fcrmof  AcK-o5:^i:ii^il'SrtiSi-^ 

«M.a  «»#FW    /vrMI. 

J£^,"gy*y"««.  »»^  «»^  —  ifay  of  — . 


Thrtt  A.  ■.,of county.  In  Ihaltateoir  ('„m 

in  tne  ■tatai*'-  C-i>nimonw««li(i)  oi ,  for  the  *um 

of  -—dollar.,  all  hie  rl.ht.  title,  anc^  Interlet"^ 

«:;;i'y'""J '  '"  '"*"•  •"  «^»«  fallowing  dJ! 

ilJ*^?  !•"'  "'•»••  •'•"•ted  In  Iha  aounly  of  — . 
•nd  irUla  {.r  Coriiin..iiwMUh)  of .,  to  wit !  ^kitl 

•et  hia  hand,  the  day  and  year  Arat  abova  wriltan. 
I'or  form  of  Ackmowlboombnt,  aae  that  lUU 

wUniTaaithT"'""'  """''  ""• ^^  «' 

That  A.  B..  of county,  in  tha  State  (#r  fonj 

monweal.h)  of-— ,  quit-clalma  unto  C.  D.,  of  ~ 
county,  and  State  (or  Cmmonweiilih)  of  ^ — .  f,|. 

the  aum  of dollara,  all  the  following  deacrlbea 

St:'..?*"."'  •'«"•«•<«,  '"  »h«  county  o'V_V.nj 

"'"•ir/>,".X".r'''''°'— •  ""*'*'  <*"'>'■ 

a.'i"hUhr^V.t:*'y"*''  ^f"  «'•«>««»■  •«••  hereunto 
eet  hiabaod.tha  dayandyaar  flrat  above  written. 

For  form  of  Acknowlbuombnt,  tee  that  title. 

C«iiv«yMmeo-Trnat  Baael. 

_.  ,  Shart  Ftrm. 

wUnL'aJSJhT*'^"'*'  ""^*  •*"" ''■'' «»' • 

mMw«hK^  «y  •' ""unty.  lit  tha  Stata  (»r  Com. 

monw«.Uh)  of-— ,  convaya  (and  w.rranu)  to  C.  D., 

!lr:nS"£'^fc'"  *]••  ■*•»•  (•'Commonwrakhjol' 
— -,  and  «.  r.,of — -  county,  la  tha  State  (»»■ 

Commonwealth)  of ,  for  tha  aum  of —-dollar"' 

ff^'.'!"  '^:i''*»,'»«  '•••rib*"  real aaUto,  altuated  in 

~  to  w*r.?'^r~'  ?■;?  ■'•i*  'r  comoi,nw.«iih)  ^ 

•  — ,  to  wit :  (ktr,  MImH  Ik*  dHcn^liom). 
-ii.*V***  I?*'?/*"*'*"'  '»'  tha  Tallowing  pur- 

aa't"thIli°hirj.u1?r-*5!:  •"■•/"*'•:  '•''•  •••'•untT 
•et  theU  haoda,th*  day  aodyaar  flrat  abova  writ- 

*"■  (Sien*J)       A.  B. 

C.  D. 

For  form  of  Acknowlbdgmbnt,  lee  that  title. 
_.,     ••r'B.Trnataa'a.ala.,  niiil. 

wttiiiiiX''*'*''  ""*'•  *'• — ""^  •'  — • 

»r^"Si~7  ••  (•^'"Inlet'ator  of  the  cMala  and  eflecK 
iJ^-r^i^;.?-  *•«=«•««»•  -^  g«»,rdlan  of  tha  penran. 

decoMed,  #r  truitce  of ),  ate. ,  of counlv  In 

tt«  Btota  (erCommonweaYih)  of -— .by^Xof 
tho  clrcMlt  court  of couitty.  In  tb*  —  ludlclai 

ta*S2li«lS:.*^""r'"**^^' "' «"«-«'^^^^ 

to  cT  n  '2J'^»  -—  1'  T"'  5»  e ■• ■  eonieya 

w.Sa?1V  ~if  •L'L"*'''  '■  »5«  ■*•!•  ^»^  Common- 
wealth)  of-—,  for  tho  aum  of  —  doUara.  all  tha 
feUowIng  daacribwl  real  aMato,  alttwta?  K  — 

2SS??ti"?  «■*•»•  J'T  Commonwealth)  of  _.  ,o 
Wltl(A|rrv/«//nw/Ara>wnMM>i*).  ' '" 

.J»  -feSSTiT'lf^i'*^— •••  (•d'nW.tr.tor, 
etc.),  aforaaald,  haa  harauate  aat  hia  hand,  the 
day  and  yiL.-  Arm  abev*  writton.^         ^^' 

ror  form  of  AcKMowtBDOMaNT,  Me  that  Uila 

Convevance.  of  real  eatate  or  any  laMteH  mav  he 

towriUng,  and  together  with  the  partia*.  and  In  the 

be  Mind),  ilgni  It,  and  add.  hi.  certfRcate.  mad^  the 
uaual  form  and  acknowle^ed. 

Acknowledgment.    See  that  title. 

Corporations  execute  conveyance.  In  the  laiaa  nun. 
ner  a*  private  individuab.  ™»*»  ■■> ""  Mme  man- 

Married  woman.    See  that  title, 
•rtv  talwlt    '^***»^ '"  «Se  parhh  wham  theprap. 


ii 


w 


m 


CONVEYANCES. 


■••la  or  wfAdi  •!«  not  (uikiirlMd. 
tm  AcxMuwLmoMBirr,  mm*  i  UMiMUt  Fomt,  feu. 

■AIMB, 

8m  coatNnranoM  raCinad  lo  tMiow. 
AakncwMciii^nl.    (Im  ihM  ihU. 
MaiTt^d  WMnaii  Mad  not  b«  «>«ml*Ml  Mpanudy. 
R«««r4lag  I*  iMCMMry  laoniw  lo  raiHUr  iMni  lilid 
igiiliMl  MbMqunu  con*«]ruic«  •mi  Mtar.hmciin  I 
■••!•  miHi  ••  wafcn  or  oai. 
WIUM^aaa.    Om  !■  MCWMry  :  iwu  cualumary 
Hm»  Mamachvmtt*  ri»M«,  pMI. 

m»   tYLAWD. 

ComrtvuiCM  of  on  muu  uf  Inhorlunca,  or  (Voohnid, 
or  any  dodareUaa  of  um,  or  Mini*  (ur  thovi  Mvfn 
voan,  niMl  bo  by  d«ad  la  wrillng.ou:.  No  wnrdu  uf  in- 
horiunco  ur*  aoMuary  lo  convoir  itn  nuio  In  fa*  >lm- 
|iU.  'llMwotiJ '*fnnl"  iaodoodUtullttianlM  convoy 
ih«  wh-b  InuraM  and  ootatai  of  iho  araniur 

AchnawMgaant.    Soa  thai  iliU,  «ni«. 

Con^Marattaa  aiiaat  b«  Matad  whan  •  cunaldaniiiun 
l«  naccaaai 


caaary 
rrtail' 


wanaa  naad  aol  b*  aiamlnad  mi 


■MraWly 
d  mini  bi 


l>artlaa  convoying  and  to  whom  convaytc 
<ai  fcnh  ta  ika  lattniiaiai. 

RaCMPdlag.  Whan  land  Ilea  in  mora  than  una 
c.iuniv,  or  In  Iha  dty  of  Balllmora  and  a  county  a^lnln- 
I'll,  lb«  dpad  muat  ba  raoordad  in  «ach  ol'  ihcm.  X'lm- 
vayaneaa,  ale.,  muat  ba  racordad  wlihin  ilx  munili* 
rriim  data,  in  laa  couety  or  dly  whan  lha  land  aftciad 
liri.k 

Saaia  an  aaeiwary  i  a  tcroll  la  aulllclaal. 
WUimaaa.    At  laa«t  ona  !•  nacnaary. 
Um  OmaaAi  Foaita,  poat. 

■AMIACaVBBTItl. 

CoavayaneaaaftaaltaiMaoraaylMaraalllMiraiamuai 
ba  auula  la  witliim,  ate. 

Aaka«wla4f  m«at  bv  iha  graaton,  or  dim  of  ihnn, 
la  naeaiunr.    Saa  lilte  AcKMOWUDOMairr,  anta. 

MaffM  wonaa  naad  not  ba  axunlnad  aaparalaly. 

IUa«c41ag  la  aacaaaary  lo  randtr  iha  coovcyani:* 
ToUd  agaiaM  Mobaaqnam  ItmiJIdt  piirchaaan  or  attach- 
lag  Haollun. 

Baala  an  aaeaMary.l  aad  ahouM  ba  wabr  or  wax. 

WllMMaa  an  aol  aroauary ;  ona  la  ciMoamry . 

OMiv«yMi«*-Warw««tjr  BaadL 

■mw  all  ■•■  bv  thaaa  |»raa«nta : 

That  I,  A.  •..af  — ,  in  —  caunnr.  Viata  af 

-— -.la  aMMtdaraUaa  of daUara,to  oaa  paid 

bf  C.  D.,  af  — -,  la  -—  caunty,  Itata  af  — ,  th* 
r#i«al|^  af  whlah  I  taMabjr  aehnawMg*.  da  by 
thaaa  pfaaaataihw,  jrraat,  bargala,  aall,  aad  con- 
vay  aaia  aaM  C.  D. .  fila  Haifa  aod  aaalgna,  all  that 

cartala  MNai  af  laad  altaata  la  ,  la  

caitaty.  aa4  itata  af ,  baaadad  aad  daacribad 

aa  fattawa  i  (ktrtMImm  tkt  JneripHtm),  tagatb«r 
with  an  tha  privllagaa  aad  aMartanaaaaa  to  tha 
•aid  laad  la  aaywtaa  appartaii ' 


1; 


havaaadta  I 


liatng  aad  balaag> 

bald  tha  abava  naatad  aram- 

laaa  aata  aald  C  D.,  Ma  haiHi  aad  aaaigaa,  to  hia 
aad  thair  aaa  aad  bahaaf,  fsrarir. 
Aad  I,  tha  aiM  A.  B.,  for  myaalf,  mjr  balia,  aa- 
ctt.tafa,_aad  admlalattaiaca,  da  cavaaaat  with 
n  aad  aMttaa,  dwt  1  aon  law 
•r  tba  albiigraatad  araailaaa} 
mai  aU-lacaaibraaaaat  that  I 


ftoll; 


...  *  w— ...--/'!•'■'*!••*?•  *•  ••»«»«»t  with 
•aid  6.  b.LMa  Mra  aad  aaattiia,  dwf  1  aon  law- 

hava  mad  fight  ta  MB  aad  eaavay  tha  aama  to 

]CO.af  all^iaaaldt  that  I  wOl,  aiy  haira,  aa- 

'~~"  warraat  aad 


waaiai 
Itbar 


kroai  aU'laaaaibraaaaat  that 
. .  ^^     _  .-  --  mH  aad  eaavay  tha  aama  i 
••ldeil>.aaaltaiaaaldt  thati    '" 
aaaieta,  aad  adatlalatratata  i 
dalMdJhaaMM  ta  uSa  a  D..w.  »«.«»  w 
algaa.  fcravar.  agalaat  Uia  lawiM  daoiaada  of  all 


^  la  wItMaa  whataef,  I,  tha  aald  A.  ■.,  hava 

baraaato  aat  aijr  haad  aad  aaal,  thla day  af 

A.B.    (l.«.J 
T,MadiMtir' 


For  feiai  of  AcKMOwuaoMBifr, 


dila- 


my 


la  antaaaa  wLrMf'tTn*  aaS^H^  aad  W.. 

ly  wife,  la  Mkae  of  bar  ralaaaa  of  all  right  af 
dowar  (wid  hnwamad  amaptioa),  la  aald  pramlaM, 
hava  harauata  aat  oar  haadoaMTaaala,  thla  — 


■ignod,  iMlad, 
af  ua. 


and  dalWarad 


W. 


Oaatrajraaaa— Warmatilx  tt—A. 

ThuUmdamd  Wif,~  W\f»-,  IjuU. 
Kaaw  all  laan  by  thaaa  praa«nta  i 

Ttial  m;  A.  B.,  of ,  ate,  and  W.  ■.,  hia 

wlfa.  In  bar  own  right.  In  cafMid«ratlon  of ,  to 

tiM  rmiatpfaf  wliiah  U  haraby  aabnowl- 


•dg«d,  ia  by  lhb*a  arwwat*  gtva,  grant,  bargain. 
aad  aall  iinto  C.  D.,  hIa  hairs  and  aaalgna,  •irthat 

paraal  ti  laad  altuata  In ,  In eauntv ,  ttata 

(AarriMw  Ut,  and  all  Iha  right,  titia,  i 


af (*itriUng  U}.  and  all  lha  right,  tltla,  and 

lataraat  whtoh  Ihay,  ar  olthar  of  thsm,  hava  In  or 
to  tba  aaaaa  ar  aay  pan  or  paraal  tharsor. 

Ta  hava  aad  to  hald  tha  abav*  daacribad  raal 
•atoU,  with  tha  appartoaaasaa,  to  tha  aald  CO., 
hIa  hair*  aad  aaalgiM,  to  hIa  aad  thatr  tt—  and  ba- 

Aall  th^  aald  A.  B.,  for  blmaalf,  hIa  haini,  •>■ 
aautara,  and  admlalatraton,  doaa  h«raby  cova- 
naat  with  aald  C.  D.,  bla  h«ira  and  aaalgna,  thai 
lmm«dlat«lv  bafera  tha  aaaling  and  dallvary 
h«Naf.  ha,  tha  aald  A.  •.,  aad  W.  •.,  hia  wlfa,  in 
bar  right,  ara  lawAUly  —l—*  In  Cm  of  lh«  aboiva 
convayad  raal  aatatt  t  that  tha  •am*  !•  fr««  from 
all  Intuaibraaaaa,  aad  that  tba  aald  A.  B.,hla 
hair*,  •■••tttata,  and  adMlnlatratora  ahall  and 
will  warraat  aad  4afeiUI  tba  tarn*  to  lha  aaid  C. 
D..  hIa  hatra  aad  aaalgna,  agalnat  th*  lawhii 
•lalaia  aad  daiaaada  af  all  paraaaa. 

la  wttaaaa,  ata.  (ar  ««<••). 

MICHISAir. 

Convayoaea*  of  any  aaMM  or  Inumi  In  rtal  uruoany 

muai  ha  la  artliing,  ale,    S«a  

baloiT. 


cofivtyancca 


I  uruoany 
»ferrfcd  lu 


AehaawladgnMBt.    Saa  that  tltla,  ant<>. 
Recording  nmat  ba  according  to  tha  proviilon*  of  the 
iialulfi,  or  tha  convayonca  will  ba  void  aa  agalMt  any  tul'- 
aaauant  purchaaaii  la  good  tilth  Ibr  value. ■ 
Mala  an  ao*  aacaaaary ,■  but  cuaiomary. 
I.    Two  on  aacaaaary. 
Sa«  OamaAL  f oaas. 


mtnjiwm 

olbetlng  laol 


IIVHBMOTA. 


,  poat. 


iharain  bum  ba  la  wriuog,  ale. 
Ibmdiobalov. 


Baa  eonv«yancaii  ra- 


AahuawlaUgmaat.    Saa  that  (itla,  atar, 
Dowar  la  riTaoaad  by  wife  Jotnlag  In  tha  eoowyanct 
nth  tha  huabaad. 

Marrlad  womaa  nay  ooava*  bar  aapamta  ntaia  by 
tha  huabaad  Joining.  SIm  ia  tiabia  on  the  covcnanu  In 
tha  daad  tha  aaaia  aa  Iboagh  aha  wan  a  /ww  fWW. 

ofdaodaofllia 
■eaaaary.    Un- 

, ^ ibaaqiiaal  purcI'Mart 

ia  goad  lUlh,  bt  valu^la  coaaidaroiioa,  wkoaa  eonvay- 
anca  la  dm  raaordad,  or  agalnoi  atlaahaMan  lavlad,  or 
JadgBMaia  lawftiUy  obtolaad  babn  iacafdli«.* 


Wit 


k    Twa  aia  aacaaaary. 
■aa  Ommal  Voaiu, 


OMvayaaMa,  mc.,  of  aay  aatoia  or  Iniaraal  b  hada 
mnat  ba  ia  writlBg,  etc  A  daajofqult-daim  or  ralaaaa 
coBvaya  aU  lha  aaiata  of  iha^graator.*  Saa  fanif  la- 
larrad  to  balov.  '^ 

AahaowladgaMBt.    Saa  that  tltla,  aaia. 

Dowar  nay  ba  nlinquiahad  aitbar  by  Jotad^  la  lha 
coavayaiHS  or  by  a  aapoiMa  laalnimaal. 

Marriad  aroaMa  Mai  ba  aoMlaad  privaMlyoad 
•pan  boai  bar  huabaad. 

Raaordlag  la  lha  oMeaa  of  lha  ehaaeary  darlu  of  tha 
raapadlva  coandaa  la  which  lha  load  is  aiiMU  la  aaeaa- 
aary  lo  afca  auhaaauani  purchann.  mortgogaaa,  ate. 

WmlM.    A Wfaaa liipwaalBa or acrott  CtSfaat.* 
sa«  OaiiMAL  FObms,  pool. 

mummvtu. 

Cotmyaaeai,  ate,  of  aay  aalaia  or  faManat  hi  raal  aa- 
toia  aniat  ba  la  wfiliag,  ale.  Tha  words  "gnal,  bar- 
gala,  and  aaU  "  imply  covaasats. 

AchDOwlodgaMat.    Sm  ibvi  tltla,  aaia. 

Carporatiaaa  awanwlag  rMniaaiM  bm 
Aalr  cerpoiaia  aaal. 

?5!**»?it  vy.'i.'^'rin,  »•»  »^  -^^  - 


COMVBYANCm 


4  4«llv«r«4  111 


W^.^rr 


»— WarrfMly  lt—4. 

ihtM  praaania ! 

>f         .  •<«.,  and  W.  a.,  hU 

ti,  in  caiMt4arailan  of ,  lo 

>f  wiiUh  1*1  haraby  aaknowl- 
iraaanta  gtva,  gram,  bargain, 
^ta  halra  and  aaaigna,  all  thai 

■  In  — ,  In county,  Btau 

and  all  «Jia  right,  tllla,  and 
•r  allkar  of  tham,  hava  In  or 
«rt  or  |tar««l  Iharaof. 
)M  tha  abova  daaarlbad  raal 
MtaMMOo,  to  tha  aald  C.  D. , 
I,  to  kla  m»i  thair  uaa  and  ba- 

I.,  Ibr  Mmoolt,  hia  haM,  «■- 
latratora,  dooa  haraby  «ova- 
,  bla  balro  ond  aaaigna,  that 
tha  aaollng  and  dallvary 
^.  ■.,MdW.B.,hlawira,ln 
Ijr  aaiaod  In  Iba  of  tha  abowa 
I  thai  iho  Muna  lo  tit  from 
•d  that  iko  aold  A.  B.,  hia 
m  admlnlatrotora  ahall  ond 
(bad  tha  aama  to  tha  aa>d  C. 


orwoarty 
fcrrfcil  111 


tmwAm. 


or  IniarMi  In  ml 
conveyance*  kI 


-X' 


Baa  that  lllla,  anir. 
ICCOrdlng  to  tha  prnvialon*  iif  Ihe 
ca  wiU  ba  void  ■•  ag*l«i  any  aul'- 
ood  fcilh  fer  value." 
>ry,*  bill  ctuiionury. 
(a  aacMaary. 
laAL  FooM*,  poat. 

ig  laal   aaiaM   or  any  inltrvii 
uag,atc.    Saa  eiMv«y>nca«  ra- 

8aa  thai  tllla,  anw. 
y  wUi  Joining  in  tha  eoovayanct 

■V  oonvay  har  lapantla  nuia  by 
ina  I*  llaiua  on  tha  covtnanii  in 
ihoogb  aha  wata  a  /^m*  t*lt. 
NM  ta  not  raqolrad. 
loa  of  tha  KgialaT  oTdaadi  oftha 
Id  la  iliuaw  la  oaeaaaary.  Un- 
id  iffiUnat  aabaaqiMat  purcl.'uan 
da  coaaldaratloo,  whota  convey - 
r  agalaat  attaohaaMa  laviad.  <r 
■load  bafera  nconUag.* 


■ALroaiM,  poat. 

UMurn. 

■■y  *MMa  or  Inttraat  la 

A  daad  of  qull-daim  or  n 

of  iha^gnuator.*   Saa  tuttmt  fo- 

Saa  that  litia,  aaM. 
pilaked  altbar  byJoiali«  la  ika 
una  laatniaaat, 
MM  ba  aaaailaad  prtvatahr  aad 

ieaa  of  tha  ehaaeary  datkaoflha 
Idch  tba  laad  la  alMala  la  nacao- 
t  purrimaia,  aioilgagaaa,  ale. 
pnarioB  or  aoroU  la  auaciaai.* 
■ui.  roBMB,  poat. 

MMVBI. 

aay  awaia  or  laiaiat  la  laal  aa- 
UMo-    Tha  V0Mb"giBBt, faar- 


Saa  th«i  tMa,  i 

«iag 


Mlaa, 


waajm. 
•StM.1 


M- 


»-3}IUH.a|ai  ]4 


Dowar     «u.  ml*  Aranmnaunmrr  taia 
Marrl.d  wamao  n^  ««  1^7^  ,2S  Mparmta 

Racordlng  In  ih«  <-oimi,  «,)„„  ,h,  ^j  „„„  |,  ,„. 

u.,i.,l  I.  n«..,„ry  In  „nl.r  i..  r-ml,,  ih.  rnnnyanca  .f- 
I. .  !!»•  •f.ln.i  (MirihiiMr.   .!•  ,  «lihoul  nollta. 

Mala.     K  w:r4wl  l>  >utnt.i«ni. 

WItnaaaaa  ura  iwi  rwcMaary. 

hava  Ihia  — -  day  of  — ,  for  and  la  eonoldaratloa 
o(  iha  aum  of        dotlara  to  ma  In  hand  paM  •  havo 
by  ihaoa 


•»1 


panlad.  bargalnad.  and  aold,  and  by  Ihaoa  praa 
ania  do  granT.  barHin  aall  and  tonvay  unto  C  dT , 


-, '■••"••  Bargain,  aaiian< 

ef — -  eoiinty.  In  tha  Siaia  of ,  ih,  fe|j«win> 

f;:^'t^f  •""in'Il.S'i.".'  •''•"-.  ••tuatairlh! 
•""*•?  •' 1  In  tha  Stata  of ,  that  la  to  aav 

To  havo  and  lo  hold  tho  pramlaaa  harako  ... 
».yad,  with  all  tha  rlghu?  prilSSS. tSVpSl": 
lananaaa  iharalo  balonging  or  lna7|^ZlM  aoMr- 

wfth'Lik'c*n**K.^k^  •  •••'•••y ««>*«-anl  to  and 
with  aald  C.  D.,  hia  haira  and  aaaigna,  for  myaalf 
my  hairo,  a.MuUmi,  and  admlnlarratml;  to  war 
ram  arid  daf-od  Iha  tllla  lo  Iha  pramlaji  haraby 

m;-".:i"rd*aS.7a5'J,''r.3.&;!:.^^i«:i- 

for  brai  of  AcKNr)WLau«Hairr  we  that  lllla 

rollow  ftam  ih«  •  :  do  ramlaa,  n:aaao.  and  for- 
?;r"rV!i:f.'^'"..''»'"  C.  D..  hia  UnTSi  aaSgna 
Iha  renowlag  daacribad  tract  or  oaraal  oflan^ 
•lluato  la  tVa  county  of .  In  ih?iSta  of  — ' 

tl»ila»aajr(W/^/«„rt;rf,,;;S«2r  ' 

In  witaoaa  wbaroof,  ote.  (w  odrevT 

AU  that  U  nacaaiary  lo  convert  lh«  fsragolng  fbrm 
into  a  naelal  wamuily  dead  la  b-     Muih!  oi 
ilag  by.  thraugh.  or  uadr       .  aaM  A.  B." 


gr«|MtlyaMMfc«»awrWar,««.    iMl 

.nt!  "'"^  *"•"•••      "*   *^   Acmmminnm,wf. 
Kocording  „f  anv  r™i».Y,nt.  niuM   he  In  iKa  •>«« 

"•'  ""•'••• »»<>  In  order  lo  ba  valkf  aiu^ .uW 

•oab  are  naceaiary. 

WItaoaaaa,    T«o  are  rwiuliod. 
See  Oaaa-At  roaiiaand  l«*SAcat>a.Tfa  foaM.  poat. 


WPW  JBWIBT. 


^""'•T«'w«;  "re  by  the  eonaMMi  l.«  fcrma 
Aahnowlodomant.    Hee  that  lHuT anie^ 


Iha  deerf 
cvnvey  a  Hia 


irately  eaainlned. 


«n  da 
r  are  vol< 
or 


an  after  ilgnlni, 

lu  agalnii  auhM- 

vlthuul 


'Clalmt 


,  thraugh,  or  uadr 
■OBTAXA. 

Sltow  "•*  ••'■  «"»»n"K«7i*rradw 

AekaowMgrnaM.    Saa  that  Hda,  aala. 
Corporatioea.    Saa  Uila  AcKHowtmita**.  aaia 
Roeordlag  la  naoaaaary  lo  tha  valkUly  ofaManif 

Asia's  ;::dt5?5^r''^B2^  i^^ 

gigaaa  la  good  Wih,  fcr  valoa  aad  vltbout  aollco. 
Saa  OamuiAL  roam,  poat. 

.  mmuukmrnA. 

-g^-TTTyy;  y  '  "f.-V  ""»••  or  ialaraal  In  real 
grg>anya«at6ala«rMag.ald.    Saa  toraia  lafcnad  lo 

A«kaawla^gaM|irt.    See  that  Htla,  aalo. 

B^SiSuT^vSt  '''^J!?*^*VV^  aaamlnad. 

in «hich  tha  kadi  Ha SaaMMwiomM 

aM  eCmual  andnat  d  ooSenVad  aKaoaaal 
chaian  inaaodlhlth.  •iihoM  notice.  -         - 

WHnaaaaa.    At  haal  oaa  la  aacaaaafy. 
Saa IlAMMa aad Oaio  PManTanMaad poat. 

nrAmA. 

Conveyaaeaa,  ale.,  of  aay  aatota  or  iaiaiwi  hi  rnl  a.. 
u^mm  bo  (n  wrtlh^atc.    Saa  SSTi^^t 

KscofwBC  ii  MOIHBiy  lo  raodtf  r  coBrevaiMH  valltl 

l'^!S!3SL'Sl!B2L!?^£!!T.^  loodSSrinHi  «br 

l^wjjjee  rsaaiaaiaaaii  whan  hia  ooavayaaca  b  fliti 
■^   #«<Whjiiailm. 

Boa  OaMBKAi.  FoHMa  aad  Ohio  roam,  poat 

mAmnwnum. 

.afaay  cMaia  or  bMaraM  la  lad 


Halra.'  tkJa'iroid   I* 
•laiDle. 

■i"'5f  *'•«»»•"  "<«l  ho  eepan 

Rocordlag  mutt  ba  within  Hha* 
•e.llng..«dldl».r(n,,or  they 
qiienl    tmt  JUt  purckaaen    . 

nolic«. 

wiiaoaaao.    One  la  uiual  hut  not  neceeury. 
"•"S  «???•  *«••'".  iail.  and  conVJITaSinrid 

o|5j.^s-,sj,rss  RSr.-aT.-jixr.s'ffl; 


eotranaat  wHh  aald  party  of  tho 


_  ninlatratora, 

thoaaia »«-taji hj«by y«jj4  ^  ,„,„/^ 


•oeend  aartrhia 
■oafleg  and 


i.XTi:        tV"*'  "■■""•"•ana  Dan 

.^■'''^•^•*£j2;.sU5%"„raisiii-«^'^ 

h  aald  party  af  tho 

rtfBa,aiM  •   •  at 

, ''.'•»•'•  »«^  owaar 

ta  hirlSTJCi?"*''*^.?*^  "  wionaaa.. 
lk»!i.7!!2  i**^  ■¥■•  ***  •*•  •"<  cloar  of  all 
t^wStSt  A.'S.t!'"*^  whataoovar.Vnd  oil 
yjSy-Jfyy.**"  ««M  pramlaaa  uato  aald  party 

aaaaaS^.£a  J!»7  «•••■•■«  or  to  claim  tho 
••"■•jWanaad  wUI  warrant  and  ferovor  dalbndl 

hi  hTJSSltSTS!'ur*f  ^**T»  •fiSaflSi^t 
naa  narouma  aat  hia  hand  aad  aoal.  tha  da«  bTa 
yaar  «rat  alMvo  wriiiaa.  a  B.    f  l^^i  i 

MCMd.aaaMaaddaUvoradia)  '       ' 

proaonoa  of  W.  T.  \ 

Coaven  the  akova  a.~T-.r-?!Jf.?f**"»r« 


«k^^lS?.  "*  ?tf  ""J"  ""y  "saanor  Inaumbarod  or 

wjiSL.?s:/sgir4'!fted°'*~>'^  •^'^ 

In  witaaaa  wbatwir,  ate. .  u  ««m»). 
-  raw  MXJLMV. 


M^amit 


™»"*  "^  ■"  wniii^,  age.      9m 

MM  apart  from  ihalr  huabaada. 

See  Obmhuu.  Foaita,  poat. 
BJBfp  TOMKa 
Conveyance*  take  eflJKt  fk«m  iha  lima  of  dailvenr 
which  atnai  be  atlaatad.  ^^       oaiivary 


vii:' 


COKVtYANClia 


Aahn*  Hlitfcmant.    Am  th«i  lUU,  iiMt 

Mairrl«4  women  m«f  rrmvry  ihcir  MiMraii 
ntf  u   it   iingl.,   anil   may  •v>n   iiiiorati   with   iluAr 
KmImmU  lh«  Mm*  ■•  If  iinM«ni*i| 

Rtcordlng  m  iha  nfllc«  of  ih«  t:<iuiiiy  il«tk  nf  ih* 
cminty  «h«r*in  ih.  Uni)  It  iMiiflt))  In  mrMMry  M 
•mdat  ik«  <  nnrayiiKa  vsllil  agaimi  tultMqiMint  Bur> 
(MMrt,  Incuinkniuani,  «M 

•••I*  mual  tM  of  ana,  «ralW«,  or  ■  placa  of  iMpw, 
MIMhla  <jf  rviaWIng  an  IMpr«>liMi,  juminxl  ih  witarad 
!•  Ih*  InaUumaM      WlllMMM.     CHm  la  nwauary. 


Cyw y y <»w»- ■»■<  •€  «'4Niar«Niitl«ii. 

Till*  ••nvtyanc*,  mad*,  •«*..  b«tw«*n  A.  ■.. 
•r,  •««..  oftha  Aral  ^rt,  aiul  C.  D.,  of,  ate,  of  (ha 
Mcand  part : 

Whara*a,  ky  a  carlain  4aa4  of  barfaln  and 
MM, baartnadaia  on  gr  about  tba, ate. , and  mada 
batwaan  C.  ■.  and  A.  ■..of  iha  ona  part,  and  Iha 
aald  C.  O.  of  tha  othar  part,  for  tha  aonaldaratlon 

or dollara,  tha  pramlaaa  tliarata  mantlonad 

and  haralnaftar  Intandad  to  bo  ralaaaad  and  con- 
•rmad,  ara  tharaby  fraatad  and  aonvayad,  or  In- 
Mndad  ao  to  ba.  nnio  and  to  tha  uaa  of  tha  aald 
C.  O..  hta  hair*  and  aaalffna,  ferovar ;  aa  tiy  ih* 
anl^  Inairumant  of  bargain  and  aala,  ralaUon  b«- 
hif  tharaunto  had,  may  mora  Mty  appaar. 

And  wharaaa,  tha  Mid  A.  ■.,  at  tha  liana  of  tha 
data  and  maklnf  tha  aald  in  part  racitad  inatru- 
want  of  bargain  and  aala.  waa  not  of  tha  a«*  of 
twanty-ona  yaara.  but  haa  ainca  atlainad  M  auch 
aaa.  and  ha'.  Ihia  day.  and  bafora  tha  aaacutlon 
of  Ihoaa  praaant*,  duly  aaalad  and  dalivorod  Iha 
aald  in  part  racitad  InairuMant  at  bargain  and 
aala: 

Now  Ihia  convayanca  wiinaaaoth  i 

That,  aa  wall  in  tha  par formaaca  af  a  aovanant 
fcir  fiirthar  aaauranca  in  tha  aald  InatrumanI  of 
bargain  andaalacontatnad,aa  alao  for  and  in  con- 
•Maratlonarihaaumaf — dollara,  to  him.  tha  aald 
A.  a.,  in  hand  pmd  by  tha  aaid  C-  D..  tha  rocalpt 
wharaef  ha,  tha  aaid  A.  B.,  deaa  haraby  aaknowl- 
adga.  ha.  iha  aaid  A.  B.,  haa  ramlaad,  ralaaaad, 
allaiiad.  and  auil-alalma^.  and  by  ihaaa  proaanta 
doaa  abaeiutaly  ramlaa,  talaaaa.  alian.  and  feravar 
4«it-alaim  and  eonllrm.  ualo  Iha  aaid  C,  D.,in 
hta  actual  poaaaaaton  now  balng  by  virtua  of  tha 
batara  manlioMd  inatrumoat  ofWargaln  and  aala, 
and  ta  blc  hatra  and  aaatgao,  aU  (tt*tfr/^titm) :  To 
hav«  and  to  hold  tha  ab«vo  matitlonad  pramlaaa 
to  tha  uaa  of  iha  aaid  C.  D..  hta  hoira  and  aaaigna. 
fbravar.   {hufrl tmtk cmummmlnu m»f  tt m*tt—ry.\ 

In  wtlfMoa.  ate 

iitm^fmmm»-€mmmrmuMmm  mk  »■<<  by 

Ba  it  hnowB,  that  tba  within  cenvayaoca  waa 
•Mcuud  by  A.  B.,  tharain  namad,  whllo  nndar 
tha  aaa  of  twaaty-Ma  jraara,  who  uow  kath  ai- 
tataad  hia  fUU  aga  of  twoaiy^Ba  yaara  i  and  that 

tha  aald  A.  B.  baa,  en  Ihia Uf  of ,  aaalad 

and  dallvarad  Ihia  praaaal  eanvoyanca  aa  hIa  own 

la  wllaaao  wkaraaf,  llM  paM  A.  9.  bath  bara- 
unlaaat  hta  kaad  aod  atal,  tha  ilajr  aad  yaar 


Tbia  eonvayanaa,  ma4a,  au.,  batwaan  A.  B., 
•r.  ate.,  af  tha  Ural  part,  and  C  D., of,  ato.,  af  tha 


aaaend  part,  witnaaaatb : 

That  tba  aatd  A.  B.  haa  givan  and  grantad. 
and  by  thaaa  praaantt  tfaaa  givo  and  grant  unto 
tha  aaid  C.  D.,  Ma  batra  and  a    '  ' 


^     _  .    ,- .  -, _-«i  ai  {4huri*- 

/wo),  with  an  and  •vary  of  tha  nppurtanancaa.  In 
aacbaaga  of  and  fhr  tha  landa  Mrainafkar  man- 
tionod  of  tba  aald  C.  D. ' 

To  bavo  and  la  hold  tha  laid  pramlaaa  with  tha 
appurteitancM.  to  tba  aaid  &%./hto  baira  anij 

And  tba  aaid  A.  B.  doth  covanAnt,  ate  (Imrrt 
tmktmmuUtmt  m»f  tt  mtrtitrnty.)  And  tha  aaid 
C.  D.  baa  Hkawlaa.  an  bla  part.  gWnn  and 
grantad.  and  by  thaaa_m«acnta  doaa  giva  and 
■rant,  unto  tba  aald  A.  B.,  bla  bam  and  aaaigni. 
all  (<//rrr<^/M«>.  with  all  and  ovary  of  tha  appur- 
taaancaa.  for  and  la  aicbanga  of  and  tot  Iha 
pramiaaa  llrat  abova  daacnbad: 


Ta  hava  and  la  hold  tha  abova  grantad  pram 
iaa*,  wilh  Iha  aiipurianankaa.  lo  Iha  aald   A    It 
hia  halia  anil  aaaiatia,  (fitavaf ,  aa  aforaaaltf      Ami 
tha  aaU  C    I)   iluaa  covanani,  ati:    141  nAtM  , 

In  wiinaaa  what^nf,  ih«  aald  partlaa  havo  hart- 
unia  aai  ihalr  haniia  ami  aaala,  ate. 

««M»«yi(nro-MI«kt  mt  Wny  IHmmI. 

Thia  convayanca.  mada,  aU.,  batwaan  A.  ■  , 
of.au  ,af  Ihahrci  pari,  and  C.  D  .  af,  (leaf  Iha 
aaioriil  pan  : 

Wharaaa  « 
Ihia  day  araaud  aolJ 


Wharaaa  Iha  aald  party  af  Iha  aacand  part  ha« 
tiaday  araaud  aoM,  and  convayad  unio  tha  aaid 
parly  af  tha  Aral  part,  hIa  hatra  and  aaatgaa,  by 
warranlv  daad,  •■t«ulatl  by  tha  parly  of  Iha  Aral 
part  10  Iha  party  of  iha  aacond  pan.  and  baa  ina 
avan  data  harawlth,  a  ••riain  place  or  pan.al  ol 
land  daaarlbad  In  aald  daad  aa  fellewt,  ta  wit  i  all 

And  wharaaa.  Iha  aald  parly  of  Iha  aaaond  pan 
la  allll  awnad  and  poaaaaaad  af  carlain  landa  lyliia 
in  Iha  raar  af  tha  abova  dtacrlbad  pramlaaa  : 

Haw,  tharafara,  Ihia  Indaniura  wlinaoaath  : 

Thai  Iha  aald  party  of  Iha  Aral  part,  in  conaid- 
aralton  *  of  tha  grant,  aala,  and  convayanaa,  la 

aforaoald,  and  «  of  Iha  aum  af dollara,  to  him 

In  hand  paid  by  tha  aaid  party  of  tha  aacond  part, 
Iha  racatBi  wliaraof  la  haraby  achaowladgad, 
doaa  haraby  grant,  bargain,  aril,  and  aonArm  unIa 
tha  aaid  party  of  tha  aacond  part,  and  to  hIa  haira 
and  aaalgna.  Toravar.  a  right  of  way  In  and  ovar  a 
cartain  atrip  af  land  on  tha  aact  aida  of  tha  dwell- 
ing houaa  an  tha  abova  daaaribad  pramlaaa  aon- 
vayad to  tha  party  of  Iha  Aril  p-"!  aa  aforaaald. 
for  Iha  aald  aarty  of  tha  aacond  port,  hia  hairo  and 
aaaiano, and  hia  and  thair  aarvanic  and  tananii, 
ataDlimaafk'aa/to  paaa  and  rapaaa  an  fool,  or 
with  heraaa,  aaan,  aatlla,  baaata  of  burdan,  wag- 
ona,  earu,  alaigha,  ar  iihar  vahlcia  or  aanlaac 
whataoavar,  from  tha  highway  10  iha  landa  of  Iha 
aaid  party  of  tha  aacond  part  aa  aforaaald,  and 
from  tha  aald  landa  af  tha  party  of  tha  aacand 
part  to  Iha  highway  aa  aforatald,  the  aaid  cer- 
tain atrip  of  land  baing  of  the  wu:th  cftwo  loc^a, 
and  running  f^oni  tha  aouth  boundary  of  the 
pramlaaa  abova  conveyed  lo  the  parly  of  Iha  Arit 
part,  to  the  aald  landa  belonging  to  tha  party  of 
Iha  aacond  part,  ailuala  in  tha  rear  thereof,  and 
tha  aaid  way  la  and  ahall  ba  forever  of  the  dim* - 
aiona  of  the  aaid  atrip  of  land  aa  aforaeaid ) 

To  have  and  lo  hold  Iha  aald  eaaament  • 
privilege  to  the  aatd  party  of  Iha  aacond  pan,  k^  1 
halra  and  aaaigna,  forever,  aa  appurtanancaa  be- 
longing to  Ma  and  lh«ir  landa,  aa  afaraaaid.    ((/ 
tfftimn^mitft  «■•*»».  -hU  ^  ttimm,  tmrramty.  He.) 

En  witaoaa,  ota* 

<*«MV«>yBM«*-TWiiU>v  Tmivm  ItoMl. 

Thia  convayanca,  mada,  ate.  batwaan  A.  B.. 
of.  ate. ,  of  tho  «rat  part,  and  C.  O. .  of.  aw. ,  of  tha 
aacand  part  I 

Wharaaa.  tko  aaid  parties,  at  tha  lima  of  the 
aaaling  *mA  itUjutryot  thaao  praaanta,  era  ra- 
apactivoly  aalaad  »n  <ba,  of  and  in  two  oontlgu- 
oua  tmota,  ploaaa  ar  paroala  of  land.  wHh  Bia 

apanrtanaBaaa,  tn  tho  Iowa  of .  aforaaald : 

and  wharaaa.  thara  la  a  dam  and  raaa,  or  watar 


oauraa,  araatad  aad  mado  In  and  apaa  a  eortaln 

atroom  af  watar  hnawn  aa ,  wFiKa  tha  htod 

^i'T^.f**lf<>t^»ntamtt.toti»M9tuptut 
Aimlahing  watar  for  a  floaring-mUl,  oractod 
tha  land  af  Iha  aald  party  of  tha  hrat  part,  aad 


af  tho  aaid  party  of  tha  Ant 

—  •     ^ t^a^i_  _-     .~        .  ^ 

on  I 

owned  by  him  1 
Now,  iharafora,  tbIa  Indanturo  witnaaooth  t      ■ 
That  tho  parly  of  tho  Ara«  part,  for  aad  in  caia 

aidaratlon  of  tba  aum  af daUaro,  ta  Mm  la 


band  paid  hy  tto  party  af  tha  ooeond  part,  at  or 
bafbra  tba  MaUng  and  datlvory  hara«r(tha  raceiM 
whenof  he  does  hereby  acknowlw^e),  boa  araaMd, 


wnnmi   n*  ovea  narcny  acanowieage),  naa  araatOd. 

bargoinad.  oold,  ralaaaad,  and  eaairmadCand  by 
thaaa  praaania  doaa  grant,  bargain,  aaU.  raia«M. 
and  conarm,  uata  tha  aaid  p«rty  of  tha  aaaand 
part.  hU  hoira,  and  aaaigna,  aU  tho  walw  oTtba 
aald  atraam  of  watar,  which  may  or  can  ba  lad 
and  convoyad  from  tha  oaalarly  at«i  efttia  aald 
dam,  in  a  raca,  or  floam,  ta  ha  oaaatmoiad  at  tha 
co«,  cbaiva.  and  oapaaaa  a/iha  party  ar&a  aoc- 
ond  part,  four  foot  in  wtdtti,  and  Tour  foal  in 
depth,  maaavrtng  trvm  tha  turfaca  of  tho  om- 
banbmoM  feniUag  tha  aaid  dam. 


OONVRYANCIt. 


M  Ml*  atovt  ff«nto<  pram 
<«n«n««*,  (•  tK*  %a\4  A.  H 
I,  l»fav«r,  ••  •(•fTCald.     And 
a««nanl,  ••«    i4iiM««w. 
r.  ih«  •••4  |>a(«l««  ha««  kata- 
•  nil  aaala,  ate, 

Ntahl  sr  Wajr  I>mnI. 

nmila,  ale,  ba«w«an  A.  ■  . 
•rl,  and  C.  t)  ,  »t,  aU.,  af  Ih* 

ritly  af  tha  aacaiMl  pan  haa 
and  «onv«y*<i  uni«  iha  aaiil 
r«,  hi*  hatra  and  aaalf  na,  k^ 
ulad  hy  Iha  party  of  Iha  Aral 
Iha  accond  pait.and  baa  ina 
,  a  urialn  piata  a«  parcal  of 
d  daad  aa  fallawa,  (a  wit ;  all 

laid  partjf  «f  Iha  aaa«n4  p^n 
Maaaad  at  cartala  land*  lyli<| 
ivadaacrlbad  pamlaaa : 
la  Indanlxra  wllnaaaalh : 
raftha   Aral  part,  In  conald' 
nl,  aala,  and  convayanaa,  la 

la  aum  af dallara,  lo  him 

•Id  party  of  Iha  aaa«ii4  part. 
r  la  haruhy  Mk«owla4(ad, 
irgain,  aall,  and  aanArm  unia 
•aaend  part,  and  la  hta  hair* 

a  right  at  wav  In  and  avar  a 
an  Iha  aaat  ilda  af  iba  4wall- 
iva  daaarikad  pramiaaa  «•«- 
f  Iha  Brat  pirt  aa  aferaaald, 
haaacond  part,  hia  hate*  and 

ihair  aarvaniaand  tananti, 

paaa  and  rapaaa  an  fool,  or 
iltia,  baaata  of  bardan,  wac- 
»r  ithar  vahlcia  er  aartlaaa 
I  highway  to  Iha  landa  o(  tha 
cond  part  aa  alaraaald.  and 

af  tha  party  a(  tha  aacaiid 
r  aa  aforaaald, Iha  aald  cai- 
ng  of  tha  wi>:th  cF  twu  loi'ii, 
Iha  aouth   boundary  ef  tht 
ayad  lo  tha  party  o(  tha  Arat 
a  balonging  to  iha  party  of 
ata  In  INo  raar  Iharaef,  and 
hall  ba  forovar  af  tha  dlair- 
r  of  land  aa  aforaaaid  t 
>ld  Iha  aald  aaaamant  • 
party  of  tha  aacend  part,  k.  i 
ravtr,  aa  appurtanancaa  b«- 
»ir  Ian4a,  aa  afaraaaM.    I// 

1/1  ^  itimm,  tmrrmmtf.  Hi  ) 

Wmt^r  CaNima  !>»<. 
Mada,  a«a..  baiwaan  A.  B.. 
irt,  an4  C.  it. ,  al,  at«.,  af  tha 

partiaa,  at  tha  lima  af  Iha 

of  thaaa  praaania,  en  ra- 
fea,  ar  an4  la  twa  aa»tictt< 

parcala  af  land,  tarHli  Hta 
la  Iowa  af  — ,  nftiriiald 
I  a  dam  and  raaa,  ar  watar 
nada  in  aii4  ajaaa  a  eartain 

•oa  aa .withla  tha  ifid 

M  Arat  part,  tar  tha  porpaaa 

for  a  rtoariBff-mUl,  araetad 
4  party  of  tlM  Aim  part,  aad 

a  Indanttira  witaaaaath  t 
tm  Ant  part,  for  aad  in  caia 
»  af-—  datoya.  ta  Mm  la 

d  Mlvary  haraaf  (ilHri««ai»t 
r  aclinowladga),  haa  araabad, 
aad,  antf  eaaArmadiraiid  by 
■rant,  barcala,  aall,  ralaasa, 
a  aald  pwty  af  tha  aaaand 
■alana,  aU  Om  waiar  af  tha 
^  wbick  may  or  aaa  ba  lad 
ha  aaaiarljr  aMa  efUia  aaid 
NBi,  to  ba  eaaatnicta4  at  Iha 
■aaa  of  11m  par«r  of  tka  aac- 
n  wi<ai,  and  four  faat  in 
>m  Iha  aurfaaa  of  tha  am- 
a  aald  dam. 


Ta  hava  and  ta  baM  art  •a4  Hagalar  Iha  aaid 
taaamaal,  ata.  t*t  tu  ^r*,,dmti  /"m) 

t*",y*»*?**    *<«*««i«a«t*««r'n  ■»«•«. 

Ta  all  ta  wham  ihaaa  praaania  ahall  «oma  ,  I. 

,  •  "\.'  .  '"  ""•  sosn^yaf-.  .In  iha  Atala 
of  -  ,  admlnialratar  a?  ika  gaada  and  aalala 
whiah  WW.  af  C  D..lala  af-—,  ata.,  daaaaaad 
miaauta.  aand  graating  i 

What  aaa,  by  an  ordar  af  tha  aurragala  af  iha 
louniy  af   —  mada  al  a  prabala  aaurl  bald  al 

-  .within  tha  munty  of ,  an  tha  —   day  af 

-  laat  paai,  I.  tha  aald  A  B  .  waa  llcanaad  and 
ampawarad  to  aall  and  paaa  daada  ta  canvay  tha 
raal  aalala  af  tha  aald  C  1>  haralnaftar  daaariWd  ; 
and  wharaaa  i,  iha aauF  A.  a. ,  havlag gwaa  pitblla 
noiiM  ar  llM  Intandad  aala,  by  tauarng  a  nallAaa- 
"•■  ^S***  ••  ^  prt»««<  an/lnarrta/ —  waaka 

auaaaaalvaly.  in  tha  aawapaaar  aallad  tha  . 

priniad  ia  — .  aaraaably  ta  tha  ardar  and  diraa- 

ll.'J'.-.ffl.'.t'tf  .'"*•. '••"'"f  ■'»•"  «•»•  •»•"<  •"< 
lakanUia  aalh  by  law  In  autb  aaaaa raaulrad,  ara- 
<rlaiM|laiaiag  apain  tha  timaaad  plaaa  af  aala.^M 
on  tha  -—  day  af  - —  InaUat,  purauani  la  tha 

•ha  raal  aafaia  af  tha  aald  C   O  ,  haralna(\ar  da- 

M rtbad,  ta  ■.  P.,  af ,  in  rha  aoaniy  af ,  for 

iir  iharoTorT"  "     *  ^"*  »*•  "'«haat  Ld- 

Haw.  tharafcra.  bnaw  ya.  that  I,  tha  aald  A.  B. , 
"'  *!!?!?  ?i**"  fV^  ""^  autharit*  in  ma  vaatad 
aaa«araaaid,an4  In  caoaldaraDoo  of  thaalWraaald 
*!V^**  . ?•••«»•.  «•  «"•  IHiW  by  Iha  aald  B.  F 

Iha  raeatpi  wharwif  It  haraby  acknuwlxlit.l).  do  hara- 
'jy  P***"  bargala,  ael!,  and  canvay  unto  tha  aald 

,   ^'A^**.^**"  ***  aaaigna,  aU  (**r./w*««  ik. 

?!  as**  ••'*  ■• '•.  h»«  haira  and  aaaigna,  lo  hia 
«n4  ^alr  aaa  and  bahaar  faravar. 
*»ii'  •'^  ••'•.*:  ■•   nw  m^aalf.  my  halra.  aa- 

with  tha  aald  B.  r.,  hIa  halra  aad  aaaigna.  thai  in 
purMaaa.  .f  tha  ilaanaa  ataraaau!l  wib  thS 
••«h  aai  ia»a  tha,bao4  by  law  riqalradT  and 
•'•"•in*"!  •«•••«>' k^*  ••<•.  aa  abava  aat  /arth 
In  wttaaia  wharaaf.  I,  tha  aald  A.  a,  ha«a,  ate. 

_,  l^rirUMi. 

r^'*fi?'S'^J"'. ■"••/••  •"■•  »««^M'»  A.  B.. 
L.T1V1A  J  i_^  '  •"•'••««■-  lammlaalonara  In 
partMoa.  dahr  appalatad  aa  haralnaftar   man. 

mlSi  pall!         '"**'"*'  ^'  ■*■••'•"••.•'»»•• 
WhorCT*.  T,  and  ».  T..  of.  at...  la  tha  town 

JSTtb^aSTpjasKSi  sEEr^;:^ 

tagothar 
thtaaM 
maraf  ' 

Ala  la 

camnMajMaaai 


ta^aatmral  rlgbla  aa^  iaiaraata  af  tha  aall 


wara  tharaapaa 
-laiit  waa  Aly 


parttaa 


mMatrnTT^  •«  kawi  appalatad  cam! 

J^^!^t!^IS^  '"'""y  ^•wa  after. 
^atiba  aaU  kammlailaiiaia,  aa  appaintad  aa 
ataraMM,  wara,  by  a  r«la>af  aai4  aaurT  aiSaral 

appuftanaiMaa,  at  publta  aiiatian,  ta  tba  M|baai 


Mddar,  gl»lng  n  >ll<a,  accoTdIng  M  law,  af  tha 
lima  and  placa  al  auah  aala.  and  ihai  ihay  ahawld 
maha  capoti  thartof  la  tha  aald  «.turi,  aa  by  tha 
r<f>r<l.  of  Iha  aald  taun  daaa  mara  fully  and  at 
largaapsaari  '  ' 

An<l  wharaaa.  Iha  aald  aammlaalsnara,  purouant 
lo  Iha  aald  eidar  and  diracllaii.  aftar  giving  auk- 
Ita  nai  aa  af  tha  lima  and  ala<a  df  a..c%  aa'.,  did, 
an  l^a  -  day  af  -  .al  tha  town  of  -  .  in  aaU 
aa«t..y  of  -  aaouaa  ta  aa'i  ai  |>ublic  auttlaa. 
all  and  aingular  iha  aald  pirmUaa.  with  Iha  aa- 
purunancaa  ,  at  which  aala  ih.  aald  pramlaaa  iJ*. 
«  p«ri  .,(  It..  ..1,1  pfrmiM,,,  ••  follawa.  »u  .  all 
!*«.#/»//.*,.  /*.  4,H,i^um\  wara  oold  l«  iha  aald 
parly  af  tha  aacond  part,  for  Iba  aum  of  .loW 

lara,  that  baing  tha  hlghaal  aum  bid  for  Ih.  aamai 

And  wharaaa,  tha  praaaadlnga  of  iha  aaid  ioni 
mlaalanara  In  tha  pramlaaa  wara  duly  ratmrtad  lo 

l~:2'l.'?:?"'  *!"/  '•••  ••'•  •l>P'ovad  and  Van! 
Armad  by  tha  aald  caurl.  In  tha  urm  of  —  A 

full77p»rart  1     ""**'*'  "'  '"•  •*'*  *""•  "•'• 

fc-^fcl  ^iA  ••'<_«««""''«alanara  wara  iharaupan, 
-I '.  ?'.l  •""'*•  ^''••••O  «•  •aaaula  to  ih*  V»U 
parly  of  Iha  aacond  pan,  a  «onvayan«a  of  aalil 
aaM"  PU'^uant  to  iha  aala  aa  mada  aa  afora- 

No  »  ihia  Indantura  wltnaoaaih  1 

.A!l!V.™!fi'!  ?•'."•'.?'  «^«  •"'.part,  ^urauant 


lo  Iha  diractlon  and  authority  to  Iham 

L?'.""^  1"  «»n/i!<ltTallon  of  Iba  aum  of'monay'ao 


|ivan,and 


kj-i.-.i  .^  L       "•  «"■  aum  '"  monay  *o 

bid  aa  afaraaald.  lo  thorn  In  hand  paid  by  tha  aald 
KT-  L°i  tha  aacond  pari,  at  or  bafara  tha  anraal 
iDf-  ..  •J'"*?'  »';**'••*  p»*»"n"  'ha  racalpt 
wfiar'.,ol  la  haraby  achnowladgad.havabargalnad 
•old.  allanad,  convayad,  an/aonArmad,  and  by 
Ihaaa  praaanta  do  bargain,  aaU,  allan.  aanvay,  and 
ifi".k"*'  ?".'•  i*!  ••'?.P*'«y  af  tha  aato,."p"|. 
all  tha  aalata,  right,  lllla.  Infaraat,  claim,  and  d". 
mand,  of  tha  aald  partiaa  of  tha  Arat  part,  and 
™r»/"  /*:.  '««►'•■.«•«•.  latartat,  ahilm.'^and  da- 
mand,  af  all  aad  aingular  tha  aavaral  and  raaoac 


-- -  -  r---  -• —  '-.-'•-  K'-"«»"inB»  in  pariiiien 
aald,  of.  In  and  to  all  and  aingular  tha  aald  pi 

laaa  abova  pnrtlaularly  daaarlbad  aa  ptwch 

bj^  tha  aald  party  of  tha  aacond  part;  logathar 


with  an  ^d^Mnyuuv*;  hTrad7«!:;;u':Vd'r; 

purtananaaa  ta  Iha  aama  balonging,  or  In  anywlia 
appartaining,  and  tha  ravaralon  and  ravarilona. 

proAla  tharaof.  and  of  avary  part  tharaof. 

To  hava  and  to  haM  tha  aaM  abava-bargalnad 
SI!r'.*K!'.J?'"'  .•*»•  •PP";««»«'»««a.  aod'avar? 
"^      mI'KI-  ""«•  «!»•.••»««  party  a)  tha  aacona 
aila  halra  and  aaalfna,  fo  hia  and  thair  only 


avarv 

Id 

, ,  ...w  «w..  V  wHM  wwvMSMB,  i«  nia  ana  uiair  onlv 

KfKT  .""  '"'  '^'"f''  *'r^'  ta  aa  ftall  „a 


part. 


E '•  •.  ■•""•'  aa  tba  aald  paiiiM  of  tha  Brat 
!-f *!•  X *S: »«"•"?"«  «•  »•  ktatutaa dlrac- 
and  autharlty  aa  albraaaM. 

J"  *«*»•*  wharaaf,  tba  mM  partiaa  ba«a  hara. 


„  •"  7""7^  """?»■•  •»■  amoi  pavnaa  aava  hara. 
MBtaintarchaagaabtyaat  thair  banda  aad  aaatai 
tba  day  aad  yaar  Arat  abava  writtan.  ^ 

lafO.  H. 


■aalad  aad  daHvara4  In  praaaaca  1 


Thia  aanvayanca,  mada  i&ia day  of . 

batwaoB  tba  Bank  af (ar  th« liLuranca 

•    TCJ'A.*^  ^  ^  W*'  "li*  C.  D.,  af,  ate.  (.' 

—Tli'!!/Jl!i.52.'*'  ^fc','**^  grantad.  bar. 
mlaatf ,  and  daacribaA  mamlaaa,  wiih  tha  appur- 
[aaMcaa,  anta  tba  aald'oany  af  tha  aacond  Mrt, 

co5jin;tv?^i!^^^ 

Dt*J,  mti  Cm-nmmtmttai,  te  Mr  «J/,.  ar.Volh  cISva! 
USIIii  •'*"*•  ■•~'  "*•■•  *"  '\^'  G"^"'  ^ 
In  witnam  wharaaf,  tba  aaid  party  af  tba  irat 
part  hath  haraaato  eauaad  tbatr  e^porat^aaalto 
ba  aAaad,  and  thaaa  praaanta  tTSawbacribad 

laalad  an4  daUtrarad  in  praaaaca  of  O.  Mr 


m 


w 


mmmk 


■M 


aOKVIVANCMk 


Tun  l««  nf  S09,  Vorh  IkM  b««ii  malartaJty 
cli«nga<l  Ml  r«r  m  concMiM  iM  ir*n«i«r  •ml 
■•**•'••<•  "'  I  '"ixrty  T)i«  old  riHfimon  Uw 
(•wm*  M*  tlrt  inlljr  alMihtlMtl,  tiMl  im«  And 
*im|>liA«<l  on««  imImih Iliad  Mr  lli«  kcl  of  1I90, 
which  l«  «•  fullow^  It  will  h«  M«n  Is  mA' 
lain  th«  n»c»*mtf  uml  tirfitMt  form*  1 

AN  ACT  10  |ifn«UI«  for  tkett  fofiM  ol 
d««<la  und  mortgiMt. 

AiH'>t>v«4  by  tkm  (;<i*«rnor  jun*  a,  119a 
FmmiI,  ihfM  nnhi  Iwing  |ir«Mnl 

Th«  l»t<>|>l«  ii(  iha  Siai*  of  Naw  Yntk,  r«|v 
rtMniad  In  Hanala  and  AM«nil>ly,  do  aiMCt  m 
fullowai 

SBCTtoN  I.    Ingranltor  rV««hold  lnt«r«au 
In  raal  aalal*  (h«  r..ll..wln|  iw  tlinllMr  fo»« 
nailtt  thai!  h«  ccmairuad  aaTt.l|o»li 

(1)  A  covananl  ihai  Iha  gra.>lor  ■•  U  acUrd 
al  lh«  wld  |>rtml««a  (ilaactih«d)  In  h*  «lmuia. 
•n4  hM  g.Kxl  righl  10  convey  ihe  tama,"  ahali 
li«  conttiuad  a«  maaning  ihal  auch  granlor  at 
Iha  lima  of  Iha  aiacullon  and  dallvary  of  Iha 
annvayanca  la  Uwftilly  laliad  of  a  good,  ahao- 
lula  and  IndafaailbU  aalala  of  inhtriunca  In 
faa  timpla,  of  and  In  ail  aad  tlngvlMr  Iha 
pramiaaa  ihcraby  convfyad,  wlih  Iha  lana- 
menu,  herediur.tanu  and  appurtaHkiicta 
Iharato  balonglng,  and  ha*  good  righl,  Ml 
powar  and  Uwiul  authority  to  grant  and  con- 
vay  Iha  imm  by  Iha  tald  lonveyanca. 

fi)  A  cova-^anl  that  the  granlaa  "•h«ll 
'(ulctlv  anjoy  ihe  *aid  |iramU«i."  ihail  ba  con- 
tirued  a»  m«aning  thai  auch  granitt,  hit  halra, 
aucceaaon  and  aaalgnt  ihair  and  mav,  at  all 
llmea  ihartaAar,  paacacbly  and  quiatly  hava, 
hold,  uaa,  occupy,  piiaaaaa  and  anJoy  iha  laid 
pramiaaa,  and  e»ary  pari  and  pcrcal  tharaof, 
with  Iha  aptMrtcnancM,  without  an*  lal,  null, 
traubla.  roolutallon,  avictlon.  or  diatHrhanco 
of  th«  gnuttor,  hit  hairt,  »4cccaaoni  or  aaaigna, 
or  uy  paraon  or  paraona  lawfully  claiming  or 
to  claim  ih«  tarn*. 

(j)  A  Mvanant  » that  ib«  ankl  prtmiaM  »n 
frM  fipom  Incumbrancct "  thall  ba  ooaMnMd 
M  m«ming  tkm  mch  prtmlaaa  art  frM.  dav. 
dlachargtd  and  nnincumbartd  of  and  from  all 
former  and  other  gifte,  gimnta,  titlaa,  chaMea, 
a«aSea,  Judgment*,  taae^  awaaMnenia,  liana 
and  incnmbancm,  of  what  nature  or  kind 
aoever. 

(4)  A  covtaant  that  the  grantor  will  "eu. 
cuu,  or  procnra  any  farther  necctaary  aaaar- 
ance  of  tba  tide  to  laid  mmlaaa"  ahall  be 
conalrved  aa  meaning  that  ilie  grantor  and  hia 
heir*,  or  aaccaaaora,  and  all  ai>d  every  paraoa 
or  peiaoiM  wkoaaoavar  lawfully  or  aqaltnbl* 
dariving  any  aetata.  i%ht,  tilla,  or  iirteratt  of. 
in  or  to  Ike  jpreaiiaaa  coaveyad  \^,  horn,  wdiw, 
or  in  imit  for  him  or  tbam,  ikall  and  will  at 
any  tiata  or  timaa  tkerMfker  upon  tke  raaaota- 
hie  raqnaat,  and  at  tke  proper  coett  and 
ckargat  in  the  law  of  the  gmniee,  kit  kelra. 
Mt  and  aaaigna,  make,  do  and  eieenia 
Ito  "ta  aude.  dona  and  asaeiMad,  all 


and  tvet*  luch  Atflh**  and  mhar  lawful  and 
r*a*<tfMi4a  «>,)a,  n.ii  ^^amaa  "ud  aMuranta* 
In  th«  law  for  Iha  Iwiiar  and  mora  athvtually 
vaalitig  ami  rimArmlng  iha  |ir«ml*«a  ihara^iy 
granud  or  an  Inlandad  to  Im,  In  tnti  ii>  ih« 
granlfa,  hIa  h«lr»,  •ar'^«anr4  an<!  aaalgnu  for 
«*«r.  aa  by  Iha  grantaa,  hia  h*lr*,  •urre'wptrt 
Of  aa«lgn*,  or  hta  or  ihalr  oiunMl  laantad  In 
tha  law  shall  be  rraaonably  advlaad  or  ra 
quired. 

(S)  A  covenant  that  iha  grantnr  ■•  will  for 
aver  warrant  Iha  title"  tu  th*  aaid  |>r«mii«> 
•hall  be  eonairued  aa  meaning  that  th*  grantor 
and  hia  helre,  or  auccaianra,  tha  (iremltat 
granted ,  and  every  part  and  parcel  Ikareof 
with  Ihe  appurtanancaa,  unto  the  grantaa,  hi* 
hein,  aucceaaora  and  aaaign*.  agalnai  Iha 
grantor  and  hia  heir*  or  lucceaaora,  and 
aanainai  all  and  every  peraon  ami  peraona 
wlUMMoever  lawfully  claiming  or  to  claim  Ihe 
tame  akAll  and  will  warrant  and  forever  de- 
fend. 

(4)  A  covenant  that  tke  gramor  ••  haa  not 
done  or  tulfcred  anything  whereby  the  aald 
preifil«et  have  been  Incumbered  In  any  way 
whatever,"  thall  be  eonairued  a*  maaMng 
ihai  the  grantor  haa  not  made,  done,  com- 
mitted, eiecula<l,  or  tulfcred  an*  act  or  acta, 
thing  cr  lhin«  whataoever,  whereby  or  by 
meant  whereof,  the  abovemantioned  and  da. 
tcribed  premlaee,  or  any  pan  or  parcel  Ihereof, 
now  are,  or  at  any  time  heraafter  thall  or  may 
be  impaaehed,  charge«l  or  Incumbered  In  any 
manner  or  way  whitioever. 

I  I.  In  any  grant  or  mortgage  of  fraakold 
lm<  eat*  in  real  aetata,  the  word*  ••  logatHar 
with  Ike  apputtenaneaa  and  all  the  etuie  and 
righu  of  iba  grantor  in  and  to  aaid  pramiaaa," 
ahall  ba  cMutmed  at  meaalng ,  together  wHk 
all  and  tlngvlar  tha  tenemeMa.  ber«liiamanti 
and  appurtanaMaa  Ikareuato  belonging  or  in 
Mfwfaa  a|ipartnlainf ,  and  tha  revertion  and 
ravaratona,  ramalndar  and  reaainden,  renta, 
imtM*  ami  proilla  tkareof.  and  alao  all  the 
MBta,  rigkt,  tWa.  intaraat,  dower,  awl  right 
of  dower,  cmriaajr  and  right  of  cvrtaay.  prop. 
eity,  pOiaaafriM.  alalm  and  demand  whatao- 
avar,  betk  in  kw  awD  In  amity,  of  tha  aaid 
graator  of,  la  and  to  the  Mid  gnniad  mhr. 
iaai  aad  arary  part  and  pareal  tkareof;  with 
tha  apptutaaaaeaa. 

I  3.  la  aay  dead  bjr  aa  eaacator  of.  or 
trnataa  andar  a  will,  tha  word*  "together 
with  tha  apDWtaoaaaaa  aad  alao  all  tha  aetata 
wych  tha  tald  taalator  had  at  tha  time  of  hit 
dacaaaa  la  taU  praiBlaea,  aad  alM>  the  eatate 
tharata  whleh  tald  graator  haa  or  haa  powar 
to  eoavay  or  diapoaa  of,  whaibar  tndlvidaady 
or  by  Tlitaa  of  tald  will  or  olharwite,"  ah^ 
be  coaauraad  aa  maaaiag,  together  with  all 
aad  lingalar  tha  taaataaata,  haredltamaaia 
aad  appaitaaaaeaa 
anywliw  appaital 
ravartiaiM, 


I  maaaiag,  together  with  all 
la  taaataaata,  haredltamaaia 
laa  tharaanto  baloaglng  <u  ia 
Iniag,  and  tha  ravartion  aad 
lad«  aad  raaialBdaii,  nm. 


'"'WVEVANCW. 


k«*  tmtt  nllMr  UwlWI  utA 
f>>«yt»u««  iiii4  •«aur«ni.*« 
«tUir  •mt   mor*  «•!,  taalty 

n<l*<l  1)1  tm.  In  *ji<I  i>i  ih* 
nrraianr*  •««{  ««Mfaa  for 
nIM,  hia  h*tr«,  Mci-^aftift 
Ihalr  KimiM*!  UamvH  In 
r:Man«hl)r  nrfvtw)!  or   r« 

h«l  lh«  franliir  "  will  for 
ll«  "  III  lh«  Mlt)  |*f«mi**« 
a  manning  thai  Iti*  (rantix 
•uccataiirt.  iha  |ir«ml»«4 
part  and  nnrcal  ikaraol 
icaa,  unifi  Iha  ffania*,  hi* 
tiMl  ualgn*,  again**  Iha 
taira  or  tucca*aora,  artd 
arjr  paraon  an>l  pvraona 
y  clalmlnf  or  lo  claim  Iha 
varraiit  and  foravar  it- 

hat  Iha  grsmor  '•  haa  not 
ijrthlng  wbaral»)f  Iha  aaM 
I  Incumbartd  In  inx  way 
a  conttmad  aa  maantng 
m  not  HMda,  diMia,  eoM- 
tiilhrad  a«»  act  or  acta, 
alMMvar,  wharabjr  or  bjr 
•bora-ntanllonad  and  d». 
•ajr  pan  or  pareal  lh«r«af, 
ma  haritaftrr  ihall  nr  nuay 
«<l  or  Incumharad  In  utf 
aoavar. 

or  aaorlgAg*  of  frMkeld 
Mta,  Iha  arorda  "  (o(«t>Mr 
wa  and  all  iha  aaiai*  wnd 
In  and  to  aald  pnmlaM." 
1  maanlaf ,  logalhar  with 
ImamaMa,  bandiiamtm* 
liarttinto  baloiif  Im  or  in 

I,  uid  the  rtvmioii  and 
r  and  r«o  aindan,  r«nto, 
iMfMf.  and  akw  all  lh« 
ntaraat.  dowar,  and  riglit 
li  right  of  curtMjr,  profv 
tai  and  dMMmd  whalao> 
i  In  MHltjr,  of  the  aaid 
<  tha  Mid  giMlad  praB. 
aad  pwMl  UManH>f,with 

hf  an  aiacirtor  of,  or 

II.  tlia  wotda  "togtihcr 
«•  and  abe  all  the  aaUla 
ir  bad  at  Iha  timt  of  hit 
■iaaa,  and  alao  iha  taialt 
iruNor  kaa  or  haa  powar 
oflwlMllMr  IndivtSoaUy 
HU  or  otlMrwiaa."  ahaJl 
Rabf,  togathtr  with  all 
iMiMiBla,  iMradllanaata 
amnio  baloaglng  oi'  hi 
,  and  tlM  rtvarrion  aa^ 

aid  r— aiailin,  ntmt 


>»on  an.l  |.r..A«>  thara>i/|  aii4  alao  all  iha 
•.laia.  righi.  ilita,  inxraal,  p«>|iariy,  ;H.tM«- 
«l«*«.  cUlm  ami  <i«rit«n<l  wh<il«i«v«r,  Uith  In 
!••  an.|  rqHiiy.  »|,  ,h.  ,.,,|  „»i«i..r  had  In 
hl«  llfrilma.  ami  al  ii,i.  nmu  of  lii«  .Uvaaaa  or 
which  Iha  Mill  grantor  han  or  haa  |>i»*r'  to 
f.mray  or  .II*imm«  ,,(,  whalhar  lnill»i.lHall»  „t 
t.y  rlriaa  iif  i6«  mI.I  laat  will  and  Irilamam  iw 
•  Mharwlaa,   ,.r.    In    ami    Ui  tha    mIiI    granlnl 

wllh  Iha  apiNtrtriiancaa. 

I*  In  morlgagaa  of  rati  aataia  and  In 
twnda  lacurad  \>y  audi  murigaga*  iha  follow- 
ing I*  timilar  cuvanant*  ihallU  cunrfmad  t* 
lollowt  I 

(I)  Tha  arorda,  "Ami  It  laharaby  aiprtaalr 
ar«««l  [hat  Iha  whola  of  iha  aald  iwIikImI 
•urn  ihall  Iwcnma  lUa  al  Iha  ortlim  of  ttid 
morlgaaaa  or  obll^aa  aAar  dafault  In  iha  tM*. 

man!  of  iniartu  for daya.  or  an«r  ita/aull 

In  Iha  payment  of  any  lai  or  a»Maam*ni  for 

day.  afiar  ncHka  and  damand,"  tkall  ba 

con.irM,d  aa  meaning,  and  li  I.  harahy  ai 
|w»a»lf  agraad,  thai  .h.wld  any  dafault  ba 
mada  in  iha  payment  of  iha  tai.l  mirrtal.  «r 
of  anv  pari  iharatjf  on  an*  day  w  hereon  the 
tame  la  maiie  payable  aa  aUva  e«nreia»d,  or 
•houid  any  ..  #  or  aaaaaameni,  which  now  I* 
or  may  ba  Un^^MH  imp«iad  niMin  the  pram. 
Iaaa  hereinafhr  dawriUd,  bccoma  due  or 
payable,  and  ahould  ehe  raid  Iniereat  remain 
anpald  and  In  arraar  for  the  iim-  «  of  

day*  orauchlaiiwaaaeawneniremai,    mpald 
and  In  arrear  fur d,,,  ,f|„  ^fin^„  ^•;^^^^ 

by  the  mnrtgigee  or  obligee,  hia  «,ecuior», 

admlnl*lraior«,  lucceanar*  or  ta*lgna  thai  tuch 

laa  or  aaaeaament  I*  unpaid,  and  damand  for 

Iha  payment  thereof,  than  and  from  ihenca- 


•ST 


forth,  that  .  to  ««.  afier  the  la|iac  of  either 
ona  of  uid  period*,  a*  the  caaa  may  \m,  iha 
aforaaaid  prlncl|«|  lum.  with  ail  arrearage  of 
intarttt  Ihcreon.  iKall.  at  the  option  of  iha 
•aW  mortgagea  or  obligee,  hia  executor*,  ad- 
minlMrator*.  (ucccaaora  or  airalgn*.  become 
and  ba  due  and  payable  !».r/.8dialely  thera- 
allar,  although  the  period  above  limited  for 
!!f  5''^*"»  •*>««of^  may  not  then  have  as- 
piMd,  anything  thereinbefore  contained  lo  tha 
contrarv  Iharaof  in  anyw'M  notwithaundiiig. 
(a)  A  oovanant  that  the  mortgagor  "  will 
pay  Iha  ladaUcdneaa.  aa  provided  in  the 
mortgage,  and  if  default  b«  made  in  Iha 
paymant  of  any  part  Ihareof,  the  mortgagee 

.    L^/V  P**"  "•  ••"  "»•  Prcmiica  therein 
deecribed,  according  to  law,"  (ball  be  con- 

u"  .,•;.  "•?"'"«  "»•«  «!>•  mortgagor  lor 
hInMelf,  hia  h«ir«,aMeulon  and  adminblniorr 
or  iuceaaaora  doth  coTcaant  and  agrea  to  pay 
to  Iha  mortgagee,  hia  execulon.  adminitira. 
ton,  auccaaaon  and  aaaigna  the  principal  sum 
of  money  aecured  by  aaJd  mortgage  and  alao 
ina  Inlereit  thereon  a*  provided  by  laid 
tnoftcaga.  And  if  default  shall  be  mada  in 
tha  paynwni  of  tha  laid  principal  rani  or  the 
inlaiwi  that  osay  grew  due  Iherton,  or  of  any 
pwt  tbarwtf,  tliatSian  and  horn  thrnicefortli  it 


•hall  l>a  lawful  f.w  ll.e  murigagae,  hi*  eaen. 
I'**.  admlnMraliir*  «f  •uri«.».,r*  to  enur  into 
.ml  ution  all  and  ttngular  ih«  i.f.ml*ea 
granteil,  .,r  Inlamleil  .«  lu  lie.  ami  |.i  lell  .ml 
di.puaa  of  Iha  .ame.  and  all  Unafit  ami 
ai)uily  of  r«it«m|4i«m  of  iha  mIiI  mo.igagor. 
bU  half*.  •«,fui„r«,  ailmiii|>iraii<r».  luccaMora 
or  a»ai||n(  tharaln  at  |ntl>lk  autilon.  accr>rtllng 
lo  Iha  «4l  in  »u,h  r*««  made  «nil  jwovldcil, 
ami  a*  ih*  *ilorii«y  i.f  iha  ino«iga||Mr  li>r  thai 
puriHiM  duly  nulhorlred,  co.iiiulrd  and  an 
pointed  to  make  xnd  deliver  lo  tha  i.iirehaaer 
or  mirchaier*  thereof  a  gooil  an.l  .ufKclml 
deed  or  deeda  of  conveyance  li.  ihe  law  Im 
he  aame  In  fee  »lm|'le  (or  oiherwlne,  aa  Iha 
caaa  may  be)  and  out  nf  tha  money  arUing 
from  iHch  (ale,  to  retain  the   principal  and 


inler.M    which    ahall    then    b«   due.  loK.iher 
with  the  ciMia  and  charge*  of  advertlnement 
an.l  tale  of  the  (aid  |>rrml(ea.  rendering  the 
oveiplu.  of  Ihe  purchtae  money   if  any  there 
(hall  be,  unto  the  mongagix,  hi*  .irlia,  execu- 
tor*,  admlnlMralnra.   (ucceamr*.    or    aailgna 
which  Mia  (<)  to  U  made,  (hall  f,.rever   be  a 
Ijerpetual  bar  l>oih   in   law  and  equity  againat 
the    mortgagor,    hia    hair^    auccetaor*     and 
aaalgnt  end  again*!  all  oihet  ,wr»on»  claiminir 
or  lo  claim  tha  ,>remi(ea  or  any  part  thereof 
by.  from  or  under  him.  iliem  or  any  of  them 
(J)  A  covenant   "thai  ihe   mortgagor  will 
lieep  the  building*  on  the  *aid  premi*e«  In. 
•ureil  agaln.1  Im*  l>y  fire,  for  the  t)cnelil  of 
the  mo.igauee."  ahall  be  condrued  a*  mean, 
ing  thai  Ihe  mortgagor,  hi*  heir*.  *uccr((on 
and  aaaign*  will,  during  all  the  lime,  until  the 
money  aM:ured  b*  the  mortgage  ahall  Iw  fully 
paid  and  »aii.|ied,  keep  the  huililinga  erected 
on  the  prrmi»r«  intureil  ag*in»l  lo*a  or  dam. 
age   by   fire,   to  an   amount  and   in  a  com 
pany  to  !«  aprroved  of  by  ilm  mortgagee,  and 
will  aaaign  a    'deliver  the  policy  or  policies 
of  auch  inwir.        lo  the  mortgagee.  hi(  ckccu- 
lora.  adininbira,    i,  •ucce*iior*,  or  aiaigna.  (o 
and  in  inch  manner  and  form  that  he  and 
they  (hall  at  all  lime  and  lime*,  until  ihe  full 
paymeiit  of  (aid  money*,  have  and  hold  the 
aald  policy  or  policie*  aa  a  collateral  and  fur- 
ther »ecnrily  for  Ihe  (Myment  of  *«id  money, 
and  in  default  of  to  doing,  that  the  mortgagee 
or  hi*  executor*,  admlnidralur*.  aucceuor*  or 
a*«ign*.  may  make  (uch  inaurance  from  year 
lo  year,  in  a  luni  not  exceeiling  the  princiiial 
aum  for  the  purpoae*  aforetnid.  and  pay  ihii^ 
premium  or  premiuma  therefore,  and  that  Ihe 
mortgagor  will  pay  to  Ihe  mortgagee,  hia  ex 
eculora.  admlnialraton,  (ucceiaon  or  a!iaign(, 
■uch  premium  or  premium(  to  paid,  with  in- 
tere»t  from  the  time  of  payment,  on  demand, 
and  that  the  same  (hall  be  deemed  lo  be  *e- 
cured  by  the  mortgage,  and  ihall  be  collecti. 
We  thereupon  and  thereby  In  like  manner  aa 
the  principal  money*,  and  in  default  of  tuch 
payment  by  the  mortgagor,  hia  hein,  execu. 
tora,  administrator*.  lucceBsom  or  aaaign*.  or 
of  aad^ment  and   deliv-ry  of   policies    aa 
aforeaaid  the  whole  of  the  principal  sum  and 


i88 


CONVEY  AN'CES. 


I 


lateretl  tccured  by  the  in»rlga£e  ihtll,  tt  the 
option  oi-thc  mortgagee,  hi*  executors,  admin- 
iitratori,  tucceMorn  or  assigns,  inimeilintcly 
become  due  and  payable. 

(4)  A  covenant  that  the  mortgagor  "  will 
execute  anv  further  necessary  assurance  of  the 
title  to  raid  premise*,  and  will  forever  warrant 
laid  title,"  shall  l)e  construed  as  meaning  that 
the  mortgagor  shall  and  will  make,  execute. 
Acknowledge,  and  delivtr  in  due  form  of  law, 
all  such  further  or  other  deeds  or  assurances 
•s  may  at  any  lime  hereafter  be  reasonably 
desired  or  required  for  the  more  fully  and 
eflTectually  conveying  the  premises  by  the 
mortgage  described  and  thereby  granted  or 
intended  so  to  he,  unto  the  said  mortgagee, 
hii  executor*.,  administrators,  successor*  or 
aisigns,  for  the  purpose  aforesaid,  and  anto  all 
and  every  person  or  persons,  corporation  or 
corporations,  deriving  any  estate,  right,  title 
or  interest  therein,  under  the  said  indenture 
Ci  mortgage  or  the  power  of  sale  therein 
contained,  and  the  *aid  granted  premise* 
against  the  said  mortjgago.,  and  all  peraoiu 
Claiming  through  him  will  warrant  and 
defend. 

I  3.  All  covenants  contained  in  any  grant 
or  mortgage  of  real  estate  *halt  bind  the  heirs, 
executors,  successors,  administrators  and  ns> 
sign*  of  the  grantor  or  mortgagor,  and  shall 
iiwre  to  the  benefit  of  the  heirs,  executors, 
administrators,  successor*  and  assign*  of  the 
grantee  or  mortgagee,  in  the  same  manner 
and  to  the  same  extent,  and  with  like  eflTcct, 
as  if  snch  heirs,  executors,  administrators, 
successors  and  aaigns  were  so  nsmed  in  snch 
covenants,  unless  otherwise  in  said  grant  or 
morteage  expressly  provided. 

I  6.  The  schedales  hereto  annexed  contain 
forms  of  instruments  such  as  are  authorised 
fagr  this  act*  and  shall  be  taken  as  a  part 
thereof,  bat  nothing  herein  contained  shall 
invalidate  or  prevent  the  use  of^ther  forms. 

I  7.  Hie  roister  or  county  clerk  of  the 
countv  of  New  York  and  the  county  of  Kings 
shall  be  entitled  tc  charge  for  the  recording 
of  any  instrameni  containing  the  above-men- 
ttoned  covenants,  or  any  of  tb«m  at  laiige, 
instead  of  the  short  forms  thereof,  in  this  act 
contained,  the  sum  of  five  dollars  in  addition 
to  the  fee  chargetble  by  iAw  for  such  re- 
cording. 

I  8.  All  existiflg  acts  and  parts  of  acts 
inconsistent  with  tms  act  are  repealed. 

19.  This  act  shall  Uke  effect  the  first  day 
of  S^ember,  eifhteen  hundred  and  ninety. 

lMcr«  tHMi  *tM  0*1rMiMaM> 
tnit  XMttCHTUIItt,  mada  tiM  —  day  of 
—,  1*  IIM  year  elgntaen  nnndrad  and  — 
between  ——jtt  lipAn  oceupivtion  and  real- 
dance)  of  ttif  Ant  part,  aii/S  —  61  flttsM  oceu- 
patleii  aadraaidtaee)  or  thk  ikcMd>ari, 
^VITNBMBTH.  that  the  said,  party  ef -the 
ftrst  pat*.in  cdasidatatfen  of  —  dollacs,  tawful 
ntoney  «r  tiie  Upited  States,  paid  liy  tM  Mrty 
tff  &i  tdeea«  pan.d»t^  tkeVsby  (rint  »M  r€> 
Itase  unto  the  sdid  part;  of  the  second  part,  his 


hstra  and  assigns  forsvsr  (dncripilon),  togsthtr 
with  tils  appurtsnancs*  and  all  th*  i-<taM  and 
rlahta  of  tba  party  of  the  flrst  part  la  and  to 
said  promisas. 
TO  HAVK  AND  TO  HOLD  tha  abov*  granttd 

Rramlsss  unto  tha  said  party  of  tha  second  part, 
Is  hsirs  and  aaaigna  forsvsr. 
And  th*  aaid  party  of  tha  Arat  part  doth  cove- 
nant with  aald  party  of  tha  second  part  as  fol- 
lowa : 
PIrat.— That  th*  party  of  th*  first  part  Is  ssliid 

of  th*  said  pr«mi*«a  In  fa*  almpi*,  and  haa  good 
-i-fc,.  ._  . .• ^j_ 

party  of  ths  second  part 
'  1J  prsmlaas. 

^      f  iiaiscsar*  fr**  from 

incambranc**. 

Peurth.-That  th*  party  Of  th*  first  part  wlU 
•■acute  or  procure  any  further  n*c**aary  a**ur- 
ance  of  tho  tllle  to  *ald  pr*mlM*. 

FIfth.-That  the  party  of  th*  Ant  part  will 
fer*v*r  warrant  th*  tlU*  to  said  aromi***. 
IN  WITNBM  WHkRBOP,  the  saM  p< 


rlaht  to  convey  th*  sam* 

hali 
Third  —That  tli*  *ald  p 


•cond.— That  th* 
*hall  quUtly  *nJoy  th*'*alJ  prsmis** 
".— Th  "  "" * 


party  sf 

•a* 
rst  above  writua. 


th*  flrst  iHirt  hath  hweuato  sat  hU  hand  and 
aeat  th*  day  and /car  Bra' 
la  the  iMisaace  oft 


Ht'itfcnttJfe  n. 

THIN  iNDftMTURt    made  th* day  of 

eUhtSeri  hundred  and  between  — 

aa  aaaeutor  of  the  last  will  and  ta*UM*nt  of 

—  lat*  of d*c*aa*d.  of  th*  flr*t  part,  and 

——of  — —  of  th*  •eeond.part,  wlta***Sth  1 

That  the  Mkid  Mrty  of  tnc  flHt  part,  by  vtHu* 
•rtha  power  and  aulhoHty  ta  him  given  la  and 


money  of  th* 
If  the  *ee> 


by  th«.  oald  laat  will  and  t*Btam«nt,  and  la  ^eon* 

•rd*ratlon  of dollar*,  lawftof  1 

tihitedSutiM  paid  by  tha  said  part, 

end  part,  doth  hereby  grant  and  release  ante 
th*  mM  party  of  th*  ascon^  part,  hi*  h*lr*  aad 
aealgna  forever  (dwcriptlon).  tog«th«r  witb  tr* 
ap«arta«baS\«,  dnddtob  aU  the  datat*  Whieb  the 
aiM  ttatater  !tad  at  ths  time  of  hie  dsceaee  ta 


the  eatate  therein, 
.^^  Arat  part  hu  or  haa 
•thMrlttdlirtdndi^,  or  by 

TQ  KAVB  AND  TO  lioU>  the  above  | 


th*  *ald  party  of  the  Arat  part  hu  o 
po«er  le  dll»«^r«lrh«th*r  IttA^dndi^, 
«irtM  af  eajdwin  dr  aVierwhe. 

ST" 


part. 


aidd  preml*«f ,  and  I)1m> 

po«er 
iirtoe 

K&i3ra"arates%B^"'**' "^ 

And  the  aaM  party  of  UM  Arat  pan  careaaata 
arltb  said  party  of  tno  aefoad  part  that  the  party 
of  thi  f  ,-*t  part  haa  not  dona  or  MAred  any- 
thing wherdby  UM  adld  btattilata  have  been  &» 

lasbardd  In  way  «vbMsMr. 
^  IN  WITNnrWHWBOPtbe  iatdpailv  of 
^e  Aret  parthM  herraateSrt  %  hSad  SSTdeal 
ne  day  and  yedr  Arat  Move  sMMan. 

In  tha  prteeusa  oft 

lt«MtfiNro. 

THti  IftDCRttnif ,  madd  tba  day  of 

-^  In  the  ya«f  MghfMH ,  b«indi«d  aad  -^ — 
bdtwean  -.^»t——  partyvf  the  Aret  part,  aad 

'IvSflMiX'K'^e'MM  —  4  ^^  Indebted 
tettieewfpttftyef  the  aoeond  partlatba  sum 
of dowrsi  towlU  money  af  the  United 

aitionao  mr  me  payment  or  toe  ease  earn  or 

^■*"  tmuti  01  tba  — -r  day  of ei||bteea 

hundred  and  x— ,  and  the  iatareat  thereon,  to 
be  compirtM  Rom  —  at  the  Hita  of  ■—  p«r 
centum  pair  af^awb,  nnd  to  be  pdM. 

U  BOlat  theraby  eaprsssly  agreed  tint  ifee 
whole  of  the  aald  priaelpal  aam  ahaU.ba 
dua  after  d*Al«M  in  the  payaaSat  Of  M« 
tdXe*OrasiMf|manM.ia  hareinalMrJ 

NOW  ratilNDBNTUItE  WIT^ 
that  tha  I 
ter  sect 
nidbey  t 

bond  or  obOcatloa,  Svlth  intoraak  thwaooi  and 
ahw  far  and  In  eonelderatloa  of  one  dollar  patl 


m 


•v«r  (daicrlptlon),  toctthir 
ic(i  aRd  all  th«  'luta  and 
of  the  flrat  part  In  and  to 

3  HOLD  tha  abov*  (ranttd 
Id  party  of  tha  aacond  part, 

foravar. 

of  iha  Arat  part  doth  cova- 

of  tha  aacond  part  aa  fol- 

rty  of  tha  flrat  part  la  aaliad 
In  fta  atmpla,  and  haa  good 
itn*. 
partv  of  tha  aacond  part 
a  aalJ  pramlaaa. 
•Id  p'  iiaiaaa  ara  fraa  from 

party  «t  tha  (Irat  part  wlU 
ny  furthar  nacaaaary  aaaur- 
ild  pramlaaa. 

arty  of  tha  flrat  part  wUl 
lUia  to  aaid  ^ramUaa. 
IBftlOr,  dia  »M  party  sf 
larauato  aat  hia  band  and 
r  flrat  abova  writuo. 


Ha  —  day  of 
'  iMtwaan 


tt   MBda  tlia 

Ml  and  1 

tat  win  aii4  taMatnant  of 
raacdi  Of  tha  flrat  part*  and 
eopd.part,  wltnawMitb : 

of  tKc  nM  part,  if  viftua 
hority  ta  hin  fiMn  la  and 
tnd  taatnmaat,  and  la  con* 
ttara,  iawftii  rnonty  of  tha 
r  ttt*  Mid  party  of  ttia  ••«. 
•y  t^ant  and  ralaaaa  Hats 

akean^  parti  hIa  haira  aad 

:ha  tima  of  hi*  daaaaaa  la 

alaa  tha  aatau  tbarala, 

of  tha  flrat  pirt  bu  or  baa 

SjMOLD  tiia  abevo  pran 
IdMr^  of  tlia  aacoad  pi 
loiivai. 


I  aacoad  part, 


of  tb4  flrat  fart  cavaaaata 

I  aacoad  part  that  tfea  aarty 

net  dona  or  aunraaaav* 

it^MliiiaM  ban  bami  CL 

Uktnufec. 


S,  atada  tba  —  tmy  af 
CMMbttniirtd  aad  •^— 
party  af  the  flrat  part,  aad 
thtaacr-""  — - 


>  aacoad  part. 


■Id la  luathr  Indabtad 

bf  aWMM  fwrtia 


maacy  af  tba  Ualtad 
paid  hr,  >iia  cartaia  baad 


ttia  teM  aa*  af 
•— f  day  af  — —  alfebtaaa 
id  tba  lataraat  tbaraoa,  to 
—  attb4Htta  at  —  per 
adtttbapJM; 
apraaaly  acraad  that  1^ 
taelpal  earn  ahaU.bacqaaa 

IMTUKB  WITHMUSTM, 
CM  flrat  part.  Ibr  tbi  bet- 

^rciiE'isf^-iiSi 

rith  lateraak  tbaiaaak  aad 
aratlea  of  oao  dollar  paM 


hy  tha  aald 

wharaof 

front 


•MlgMHwavar  (d«^rlDtl«T^>*  to!lISf^'"?L  •"" 
•ppurtaaancaa,  andi'rtht"i;tafVi-VJf''i''  ""• 
£p.rtyf  tha  «r.f"p:J;-.«r,t-tS?';'A;'. 

tratora.  ^Su%,i'^\:i''^}S"  "L"*'"'"'*- 


OOm-EYANCBS. 


•«9 


..cond'part  h'^^r,;i~,isr  r?*"."?"' »'  «s» 

iialfna,  tba  aald  Mm  »?^'  •'•"""•■tratora  or 
thafoni"Moflh'"™,J'L";S'«y  ■••ntlonad  in 
tha  i«».,i2  .'"!??_••'«'.  "•"<  or  obligation,  and 


uj;  int.;i5"t'h.  SSn-'a^T."  a'm"'"«v'«?''-"* 

mannar  waoSonad  l«  thi  Lm"*  Vfi  '"  »•»• 
than  thaaanSaaJnta    .f,<  tl'f  ••ndltlon,  that 

the  llSabSnaci  arh2^«£S.Jl^  "^^  ^"'  P«r 
(fdafaaltb!rS5da'nmI^"Jj!^«f  •??"•*. «»« 

-t:s''t?yif '» •'  »^- •^•»*  i?'ahairh'r;2 
.4'sfbJ^ri:to;^a.Yd'Sr^i^^^  ^'ji 

^jTnat  leaa  by  /ra  roVM?.airo'fThi"!;."iSl 


■vniHna*  *  '  — *»•  aavu««  ana 


widow  and  the  olher  to  the  next  ofUn-    ,    u 

-  children,  5lVo"Mo^hVnexTof\"ir'''T 
•lumou*  children  take  ..  ..V.  T  '''" '  P"*'" 
women'.   pe«on,I  erti^.     "'"n" '., """""' 

M  •  Widow.  ^  °  '""  »•">•  ««ent 


Intbapraaeacaeft 

A'«telalnUi«a  9t  ■'enaij.i.i.  m,|,j. 
Lettera  of  adminiMraiion  aad  letttn   tMt. 

[  "erved  perMnaHy  or  by  pablicatlon. 
TSfiii?'.'''^  •II  •hare  aHlia.       ^ 


KBOHAiaur  LU«I,AWor  KBWTOBK. 

Any  person  or  perwni,  firm  or  firntii  cor- 
fomion  or  aaaocUion  who  .hall  harMfter 

l«iildin|f  or  Kuilding  lot,    including  fenc^' 

•nd  omamenial  tree.,  or  who  .haTherMft-r 
perform  any  labor  or  aerrlce..  or  furn'.h  ,„. 
m.ileri.U  wh  ch  have  been  iu;d  or  wh  ch  arJ 

Li  Si""^'"^'"^  "'  equipping  .«7 
rh.i!S'.i  .""f ."'  •PP"rt«'»«nce.  with  any 
ch^delier..  bracket,  or  other  fixture,  or  .p'^ 
P««u.  for  .upplyinjt  g«»  or  electric  light 

^nnjMj  or  hU  anient  or  any  contractor  or  .uli. 
!2X7*^^  »'"  •"/  other  perwn  con.wctin; 
with  •uc^  owner  to  erett,  alter,  reoair  im^^ 
«  equip  a.  .foretald,  *llhln  ;S  of'',hT^l« 
or  countie,  of  ihi.  State,  may,  uV)^„  K  h^ 

WJ-I  "/'..'"*•,*  "«"  '«''  'he  principr.„d 
•nd  material  upon  .uch  house,  wharf  oier. 
«»ikhe.d..  bridge.,  vault.  build'ingT'.C 

fimn  of  tandupon  which  lhe«imnwj«.nd 

SL^  ?.?"''•!/''  •»""''• '°  'he  extenl'^of  the 
right,  title  and  intere«  rt  that  time  exlrtinrf  of 
«.ch  owner  whether  owner  Jivfee  or  of  ,U' 
«Me.  or  whether  a  leam.  for  •  term  of  yem 
or  vendee  in  poaMMion  under  a  ,»J^^^' 

m  lien,  or  of  the  owner  of  any  riirht  title  «• 
inte«,t  in  «.eh  e«Me,  which  miy  K  «W  u^ 
der  an  execution  under  the  «neil  piovisloM 

Hen.  of  judgiMnt  and  enforcement  thei*of 
«|d  .!«toth.exlen,  of  the  i^S^STUK 
owner  may  have  aHigned  by  a  aeneml  aa.io« 
5»«  for  the  beiieirSf  a^ltoATwUWn^lJ^ 

«w  In  no  oaaa  diall  such  owner  be  liable  to 

■•»«  fV*n  to  be  paid  in  .uch  contract  anH 
«mdfti.«(  unpaid  aTtheHmerf  fiXr««J 

rid^hen  nnpald,  eioept  a.  heitinaAer  jj^ 


■iii> 
iA 


■!.l 


t9« 


CONVEYANCES. 


Notice  of  Men  muU  be  filed  wUhin  ninety 
/go)  dayt  efter  ihe  completion  of  the  work, 
iiid  wtion  muit  l.e  begun  to  enforce  the  Hen 
within  one  ye«r  from  the  dale  of  ftl  ng. 

The  following  it  ihe  form  generally  used; 

IfOTICB   «W0««  MBCMAIIMrS  MB* 
LAW. 

To .  ■*!..  Clerk  of  tlie  City  end  County  ol 

PLEiMS''TAKE  HOTICB.  Thet  I.  — "v '••)*; 

tJL^Z la  the lieve  end  elelm  •  Hen  for 

Ih!  Jrir:^;'.! Vnd  Interot  of  the  price  '"d  y.lu. 
«7  •!;«  btSor  and  n.Bterlal  hereinafter  mentioned. 

and  upon  tha  lot.  premlaea  and  »«'«»I  •• '5'?5 
upon  which  th.  eama  may  aUnd.  or «»  »"»«"*~ 

i!!m«  aMurltv  of  mechanlca.  laborera.  and 
5S?«  w"ho'?iSor«  wKr  or  ft««J:h  matertjl  for 

b^lDga  and  other  •i»P'or«J»«;»iii''l.'?!2ISl 
eiMiML  and  eountlea  ol^tbla  •ute,  and  to  repeat 

22Sn  actTSdlJIarta  •'••W'?^*, •*.«;?« 
iSar^f«lnir  Chapter  M*  of  Ae  lawa  of  lW^ 

SUSr.  — TU«t«t  whoao  ««»«3»«  •  »••  "? 
elalmMl.to-^  That  tha  name  of  the  pewon 
!_brwhoBi  elalmaat  *••  •"f'^ A  la  i^ 

,,.,m>  maA.  h-^^^tu.l^^J522r^«i- 


ftararahed.    the  .P»opert>  .-  -- 
Ueo  la  altuatod  Jn  the  — -.•"  ♦»»•, 
.  feet  and Inehea, : — ^;Of 


aide  of 
being 


riZ, foot  and [^'^^JTi^^rZU^iM 

•  hat  and Inehee  wide,  froat  and  rejMT, 

bTL-TfaotMid Inehee  **fP  •"  •^HS. 

SU  knJJiM!  u  No. .widehownonthetot- 

l«wlB|dla«r«tii 

_JL -JL 


Dated 


iit-^ 


Aekaowledcment.    5^  *f«  •'J'^.S'SLj    i.u  l 
D«wer  it  barred  by  «rif«  Joining  la  iIm  dMd  wlik  bai 


Married  Women  nMd  not  be  emJaM  Mptrait 
and  apart  from  thalr  hiMbandt.  Huabanda  nMd  not 
lotn  la  convayMK*  of  wife's  propOTty,  aiKi  •*»  titrm, 
•alw*  rtllnquiihiiMnl  of  duwar  i«  WMuhi . 

Ilecording  inu»i  b*  in  ilw  oScc  of  the  recorder  of 
dawb  of  ibc  county  In  which  the  Itmk  conveyed  are 
iltuaiad.  Th*  ilii«  take*  effect  In  the  order  o(  pre- 
Mniment  to  th*  recorder  lor  record.  Suclt  Inetrumenii, 
aad  all  other  insirumcnM  la  writing,  conveying  <>r 
hwunbering  landa,  tMMn«itt  or  kerediianienu,  uniil 
to  dUd  for  record,  era  deemed  fraudulent  at  to  a  aub»e- 
queat  ittUjUt  purchaaer.  having,  at  the  time  uf  pur- 
Aaia.  no  knowledge  of  the  exItMnc*  of  lurmn  imiru- 
aMiit. 

■eala.  AD  prhale  laala  an  abolhhed.  The  act 
do«i  not,  however.  aCKt  corporate  tealt. 

WItneeeea.  Tke  gramar't  tleaatur*  andacknowl- 
*i%mt«t  mutt  be  la  friiwOi  of  two  witaetaet  who 
■utt  tbea  their  naaMt. 

Wmrwmmtr  B««<l— WUlt  D*w«r. 
KMOvTSTUMM  BYTHMBntUBNTS: 

That .  la  conelderatlon  of  — -  to paid  bjr 

.the  receipt  whereof  U  keralnr  •ekpo^'IslfS'; 

d»-i  hereby^AROAlH,  •BLC  and  CONVbV 

to  the  eald .  — •  belie  and  aaalgna  forever, 

the  following  raal  eataM.  vU.i  .  together 

with  the  prWIegeaand  apporttMnejw  fe  the 
aame  belonging.     TO  MAVB  AHO  TO  HOLD 

the eame tone eaid . betra  Mid  aaalgna 

forever hereby  eovenanting  that  the  title 

■0  conveyed  la  elear,  free  and  uninemibered, 
•nd  that  • —  wiU  warrant  and  defend  the  eame 

•gainM  all  elaima  wbateoe^.  

TiBd ,  wl-  of  the  eaid  -— .  la  coMMera- 

tlon  of  one  dollar  to paid,  do  rmiae.  releaae 

and  forever  quitclaim  «nto  tiie  aald  matee,  aU 
right  by  way  of  dower  or  etborwbe.  la  aad 

-iS-^raBsntfissgir.  The «-  -.. 

henmato  eet haad-  ^  ~rJ^K^ '  '" 

the  year  Btghteea  Haadred  aad  Ninety  ■ — . 

•Igaed  aad  deHvered  la  the 
preaenceof 

ly  arffaiUff ) 
For  fcnn  of  Acwowijiboihiht,  aee  ikft  tUe. 

The  warranty  dgad  tMmrt  Jtmr  toAa 

dn  above,  oiaiMii«  *e  clMMii^tacdower. 
■PmM  W«wr— !»_■»■<  WWfc  m 


^^*5^*-^7%^kirasror*W5 

contained  are  true  to  hie  kaowieago,  or  wiw 
mation  and  belief.                        .»         ,g_. 
twom  before  me.  thia day  of >  !•-» 

IIOKTH  CABd»UHA. 

Conv«y,mc«i.  «f;jf  '"'J'^^ft^iS^SiSJi^ 
property,muMtielnwrluag,eus.    See fcratt  rehned  «a 

S?rtnowlodgment.    Sms  that  dUe,  ante.  ^^ 
Ijower.    S^artu  examination  at  ww  m  nccmary 

'"iuiiSdUomaa  »«««««2-»'2*w?'*^£2 
hJhSibMd  In  all  deedaexocrtpl  »"*  W■^  .»»,^ 
acknowledge  hw  •••™«"«T<»~~  •'^•LEJ^^JS* 
inwi.  She  cannot  coovay  her  eeparate  propeiw,  witt. 
I^har  huAand  join.  In  the  conveyance,  or  iJvm  W. 

written eooteat  thereto.  -     ..._  ^.    ^^ 

Reeordtag  to  nwwtiary  la  ord«  to  reader  the  oea> 
vJ^SSTvilB  egalnet  «Mi>Mr  H>bee«B«it  pwchMer*, 

"a2ir'X'£oiib«.«ciem.'       •  ^ 

bee  SOUTH  CAaouMA,  and  OsiiaaAV  Foatea,  part. 

Coaveyaneet  oTcttate  ^  •<yj»«^  •■  «*•  •*•*• 
iwt  be  la  writing,  etc.    SeeS«Mab*w.   .,  «.       . 


That la  eaaetderatkKi  of -—■  «Vril»J**7 

,  the  receipt  wjkgrejfle  hereby  yibgwi. 

with  atldM  prtvUegea  iSt  apptNttuucee  to  the 

Same  to  the  ooly  prvw  aee  of  the  eald  — , — 

•IKX'SS'ifSri- «-  —  M...  do 
HBmSv  COVBMANT  witb ,—-  Mtoaaad 

firomiSilncuaibraacea  by^frpia,  tfc'^>^ 


ghoraa- 


firoea  aU  Incuatbraacea  ^.  rrom,  > 

_;.__L_ruijjiimu  the  eaii  »  htin  t*^ 
iSSSSS^.tMm,  tteoagkortMidar  the  i»«»t- 
•^^iSliniBW  WMMBOF^ 


The  M)M  — - 


I  aad  aeknawMge* 
■eeeare  of 

f or  fcm  ef  AcwtotrwwwMBBV  eee  •»;  • 


:  SMdMidiKuw.      ,.^ 
'  wife  Joining  in  Um  dMd  with  hn 

naid  not  ba  wuBlnM)  Mparat* 
hutbamU.  Hutbnnd*  ntcd  not 
wih'i  properly,  ami  wk*  9trn, 
ofdowar  hi  louiiht. 
■  In  ih«  oBcc  of  the  racordcr  of 
1  which  the  landi  conTtycd  urc 
laliM  affect  In  Iha  order  ■>(  pre- 
ler  for  racofd.  SucU  inatrumenii, 
laenli  In  writing,  conveying  or 
■natBant*  or  haredliamanu,  uiiiil 
I  decmMi  fmixiulanl  aa  lo  ■  auliM- 
:haaar,  having,  at  iha  ilmr  iif  pur- 
of  tkaaaialanoaaflunnar  Intiru- 

M  Msb  u«  abollahad.    The  act 
■ki  catporala  aeab. 

aalgaalure  andacknowl- 
two  wlucaae*' wlw 


BN  BYTHEMrKMBNTB! 

daratlon  of to  —  paid  by 

i«r«ef  b  hwoby  ackBOwMfad, 
tOAIN,  BBLC  and  CONVBV 
—  tMU«  mnd  •■■iffM  foravar, 

I  aauta,  vU.i  ,  toaathar 

[•a  and  appurtenaacoa  to  tha 
'to  MA«i  AMD  TO  HOLD 

ltd  — , batra  and  aaaigna 

by  covanantlng  that  tha  Utia 

laar,  frao  aM  uoiMvaaharad, 

warrant  nnd  dafbnd  tha  aama 

whataoavar. 

of  tha  aaM  —-,  In.coMMara- 

to paM.d«ramlaa,r«laaM 

ilalm  «nte  tlM  aaM  mntaa.  aU 
of  dowar  ar  otharwlaa.  In  and 


wfilUtBOr.  Tha  mM  ---, 

hand-  tbia  -— <ay  of ,  In 

i  Hnndrad  and  NInaty . 

iradtetha 

nrnwunoMBirr.  tea  that  tUa. 
adwMMrf  iltmir  lathe  tMna  m 
alagdnur 

■wnii] 


BBH  BY  THBBB  rkBftBMTft 


lagaa  and  appwtaunncaa  w  tha 
rud  an  tiM  rwta.  laanaa  and 
bo  HAVKMiDTO  HOLD  tha 
■rapattwaofthaaald , — 

I-fST:— .  and hajra,  do 

UfANTwIth-— . hJIrar-" 


^iSmMSUmi  nf  aU  panona, 
-        ^ "—  tha  gfnnt- 


I  WHBMtOr.  Tba  m^ 

and  — '     "' 


aanmvntmMiir,  *m  ikr.  fi-¥. 


CONVEYANCES. 


W«mia«y  n—4  By  Atimwrnmr. 

KNOW  ALL  MEN  BY  THBBB  PBBSBNTBi 

Tnat  -— •,  hy , attornay  In  fact.  In  con- 

if  to  harabv  aehnowladjiad,  doaa  haraby 
LL  and  CON^bV  la  tha  aai 


«9t 


atdarati 

wharaof  to  hara. 
BABOAIN,  BBL 


—  haira  and  aaaigna,  tha  following  raal 

oawia,  via.)  ,  togaihar  with  tha  privflagaa 

"Ji?W?rt»''*'!S'*  •"  *•»•  •••»•  balonglng. 

TOVaVB  and  to  hold  tha  aama'to  tha 

•aid  ,  —  haIra  and  aaaigna  foravar,  

herahy  corananUng  that  tha  tttla  ao  convayad  la 

5lf?'j  J?!  ■"•  nniftcuinbarad,  and  that will 

WA*BANT  and  DBPBND'tho  aama  againat 
all  othar  claima  whataoavar. 

IN  WITNBM  WHBBBOr,  tha  aaid  .  by 

:: — •  — -  attoma*  In  fact,   haraunto   aat  

hand- thia  —  day  of  — -.  In  tha  yaar  of  our 
Lord  Ona  Thouaand  Bight  Hiindrad  and  Ninaty 


Signad  and  acknowladgad       By  - 
In  praaaaca  of  —  attornay  la  fkct. 

(«  mntutiitt.) 

For  form  of  AcnowLBBOMaHT,  aaa  that  iMa. 

ThSf**^  fS^  ".P*  ^  THbSbVbBBBNTS: 

That  — -,  of .tha  grantor—.  In  conaldaratian 

*•• •  *• P***  *y 1  of ,  tha  grantao. 

tha  ra«iipt  whmof  to  hmbyMknowtodgad 

QUIT-CLAIII  unto  haM  graataa-.  and  to 

h^raand aaaicM  Ibravar.  all  tha  following  da- 
acrlbod  raal  proporbr,  attuata  in  tha  county  of 
lint  ttl^.,}*^j}  «ilo,  to  wit:  — ..  togaihar 
wu  bSilSfiSr*'^  "^  appwt««naaa  thara- 
.,.'"*  HAVb  AND  TO  HOLD  tha  aama  unto 
giaaaMgrantaa-^andto haira  and  aaaigna 


IN  WITNESS  WHBKBOF,  tha  aaid ha-' 

haraunto  aat hand—,  thto day  of .  in 

tha  yaar  Bightaan  Hund^ad  and  Ninaty -—. 


S%|*adaad  aehnawlad^'ad 


praaanca  of 
(«  wiliuitti.) 

Forfcnn  of  AcKMowunomMr,  taa  that  dtb. 
Thia  coovayawM,  mada  thto  —  day  of  ■ 


Thia  coovayaajM,  mada  thto day  of , 

batwaaaA.  K.  of---cottaty.  la  tha  State  of—-, 

ofAa  ftrat  park  aad  B.  F.,  o» coimty.  la  tha 

•tate  of -— .,  of  tta  aaeond  nait.  and  ft  D.,  of 
—  eoMty. in^tha  State  «!-->  of  tha  tliiid 
PMt.wHnaaaathi  '       «— e™™ 

_I^*  ^Ji^  Pw^  vf  tha  Sim  part.  In  oonaid- 

whtahta  harahy  MhpowtodBad7<oaa  by  tkaaa 
praaante  grant,  hatBaln.aSI;  an'  — —  " 
Mid  party , of  tha  ^aeond  part,  hla 

('rtlh^fw.^r  without  dSRr.  mt  U 


-*ad  raal  aatate 

and  yptwftnanaaa  tharaunto  btloMin*ror  in 
SSySSiSSi:  hSlHSgift'  fti  *f^  tatataata^ 

And  aaM  party  of  tha  Bnk  pan  daaa  harabv 

SSSdSL^SlfiSr  •■*  «»«i«5*!M^  af  what. 
S^  ^SSXS£^JSS^  and  that  ha  wUl  waiw 

2l -.iSiS!?^  *^  tWrd,parte,  thair  aoaeM- 
S^WtaSSS'^t.lS'^ff^"''''*'*^  of  tha  Srat 
Eii!!*g*?jg»*"4*'' *S*  aywy  paraan  ar  par- 
gaawgwmaeavar lawfttUy dalaalng ar  te  ciSm 


tin  aama  ■ 

Aim  tha  aaM  party  af  tha  aaaoad  part  cava. 

nwte  Mtl^Mgr  ^a^Uwr^aStSSai^STtoSte 


In  witnaaa  wharaof,  tha  aaid  partiaa  hava 
haraunto  aat  thair  han^,  tha  day  and  yaar  Brat 
abova  written. 

A.  B.    [aiAt,] 

.  F.    |iaAL.1 

(■SfaW  •ndmtkmimlHktt^,  tt ,  -  im/ini/Hlii] 
For  form  of  AcaMOWLBDOMurr,  *ca  that  tide. 

Th'i^°^  ^^^  "Sf"."^  THbK  PBBSBNTSI 
mada  by  tha  probate  court,  within  and  for  tho 
eouoiy  of ; — ,  and  Stete  o/ohio.-— .  aa  aaacuT 

SllS'i^'.'T'V'**"  "if*  »««««mant(fpr.ai«ini.imt« 
of  tha  aauia)  of- — ,  dacaaaad,  an  Uia day  of 

IX»'l?  •••#'*  tt  PuWic  aocUon  (or.  at  prlVaia 
tew).  «•  ■— -.  for  tha  aum  of ,  Ibr  tho  paymant 

^a"^'^'  following  daacrlbad  raal  aatate  ol 

5*'* •  <««««^.  to  wit  I ,  cubiact  te  tha 

dowar  Mteta  of lhar^n,whl^  to^  follotilat 

;.  Which  aala  waa  afterward  appiovad  and 

conArmad  by  aaid  court,  and  aaid  ^^l^Waa  oi? 

darad  to  aiacute  and  dalivor  te  aaid a  dead 

*^  ^  preralMa,  aubjact  to  aaM  dowar  aatete. 
•««2?i"«  «•„»>«•  •»•»«««•  In  auch  caaa  madTand 

to'hm  SSd?"             ••"*•  *•  "'"•''  '•'^•^ 
NOW,  THSBBFOBB,  I.  tha  aaM ,  aa  „^. 

tion  of  tha  pramtoaa  and  >y  virtue  af  tha  poweia 
in  ma  vaatod  by,  aiM  tha  order  of  aaM  court.* 
haraby  OIVB.^ilANT,  aAB&mrSB^^AkD 
CONVBV  unto  tha  aaM  — Ttta  raal  tmata 
aforaaaM,  aubtoct  te  aaM  dowar  aatete,  wtaTail 
aiMaingular  tba  appartenancaa  to  tha  aama  b*> 

tS"II'avB  AND  to  hold  tha  aama  nuM 
tha  aaM .  and  unto -—haira  and  aaaigna  fw^ 


IN  WITNnS  WHBKBOF.  I,  aa  aaacutor  (or. 
ataiaiaintor  .  aa  albiaaald.  harato  aat  myhaad 

.%Fin;a',y:±r''"*^"^"«''*-"«'^-^ 

Baaeutodlapraaaaaa    Aa  a«aantor(or,adaitolatra. 

•'(,-**,««)  •«').—*«*«««««--. 

rer  form  of  AcKMOwtanaimir,  aaa  ttat  tiiia. 


KNOW  ALL  mB(  by  THBSB  PBBSBNTSi 
ThM,  wbwaaa,  by  virtna  of  an  order  of  aala 
"•*LJ9'J**  P"*!*"  «•■"  within  and  for  tha 
county  of .  and  State  of  Ohto. ,  aa  guar. 

goaidton  of  the  aatate  af ,  aa  toibaSaJTon  tba 

---*«y«fr--iilt   .MMatpuMcMtellon(or, 

MfewMg  daacrlbad  raal  aatate  af  aaM —l.w 
whi  — -, whtohMto  waa  afterward  approved 
and  conSrmad  by  aaM  conrt.  and  aaM —--.  aa 
guardton,  waa  arderad  to  aaecnte  and  daUver  to 
aaM  —  a  deed  Ibr  aaM  premtoea.  according  m 
tha  atatate  in  aaeh  caaa  atada  and  provided  j  an 
•f  whtoh  win  mora  Itettjr  appear  by  tha  racorda 
of  aaM  caurt,  to  which  ranraaee  to  here  mada. 

NOW,  tWbbBFOBB.  I.  tha  anM  ,  ao 

nardtan,  aa  afbraanld,  la  conaMaratlati  of  tha 


iiwiavKT  mito  tna  aaM  — •,  tha  real  aatate 
afcroaaid,  wMi  aU  and  iln(afaur  tha  appurtaaan* 
CMW tfie aama  bdoaclnir 

TO  HAVB  AND  lB  ifoLD  tha  aama  unto 
fkaaaM  — — .and  uto  -—  heira  and  aaaigaa 


m  WITNBSS  WHBKBOF.  I,  aa  guardton  aa 
albr*MM,  harato  aet  my  hand  thtot —  day  of 
.  in  tha  yaar  Bightaan  Hundred  and  Ninety 


AegtMrdlanaa 


Bsecuted  In  praaanca 
of 

(*wAlBMa«».) 

VwCgnn  of  AoowwtJmaiMinr,  aaa  Aat  iMa, 


r 


•9« 


CONVEYANCES. 


«Mri«*a  V—d.    After  mU  mi  racMdoa. 

TO  ALL  PMSONS  TO  WHOM  THHB 
PRiSBNTS  SHALL  COMB,  ORBBTINOs 
KNOW  YB,  That  wh*r«u,  haratofor*.  to  wit  i 
Attha  — Tarm,  A.   D.  iH    ,  of  tha  Court  of 

Common  Plata,  of  tha  County  of ,  and  luta 

of  Ohio, raaovartH  a  Ju4ima«t  a«atMt  — •, 

In  a  cartalu  elvil  aatton  pmn4ut§  ia  tha  Court  of 

Common   Plaaa,   aforaaald,  wharatn  ,  

Blalntur-,  and  .  dafaodant-,  for  tho 

{urn  of  — ,  and  tha  coau  of  aald  ault ; 

AND.  WHBRBAS. ,  aharlffof  aald  County 

of ,  aod  Itata  af  Ohio,  ky  virtua  of  an  eaocii- 

tton  taauad  out  af  iha  •—  ao»»t  of county, 

•ndltou  of  Ohio,  upon  aoid  Judcmant.  and  to 
••Id  •harMTdlraetad  and  dallvarad,  commanding 
bim,  that  of  tha  gooda  and  ah^ttala  of  aald  Judf  • 
mant  daMor  ha  cauaa  to  ha  mada  tha  afaraaaM 
Jttdcmant  and  aaata,  and  Car  want  of  gooda  in« 
•hattala,  ha  cauaa  tha  aamo  to  bo  mada  of  tha 
tanda  and  tonaiuanu  of  aald  dabtor,  upon  which 
•Bocutfam  woo  andoraad  tha  amount  of  aald 
Jndgmant  and  aoatat  that  In  obadlaaea  to  aald 
aaacuHon  and  damand,  aald  — ,  aharfff,  aa 
aliMrtaald,  did  ^vy  aald  aaaanlton  u|Mn  tho  ra«t 
awata  baraloaiter  daaaribad,  and  mada  aal« 
tbaraof  la  full  and  eomoiato  conformity  with, 
•ad  naofdlng  to  tho  ataf  uta  In  au«h  caaa  mado 
•ad  yrovidad ,  to  wit  i  by  caualng  aald  raal  aatato 
to  ba  duly  appralaad,  and  •  copy  of  Iho  amMralaa- 
I  k»  ba  duly  Mad  In  Ma  olUo  of  tba  chirk  of 


■MBttM  ho  duly  niod  in  mo  om«o  or  taa  ciarK  oi 
••14  aaurt,  and  kavlag  Arat  put  up  an  ndvortlaa* 
■Mat  ft  tha  aama  upoa  tha  court  bouaa  door,  and 
•la*  fivon  at  laaat  thirty  daya'  pravloua  aotico  of 
Mm  Umo  and  ahico  of  aolo  tnaroof  by  caualng  tha 
•■■M  to  bo  puMlahad  Ava  aonaacutlva  waaka,  and 
•atbaaamadayofaachwaak.latba  .'.andalao 
••  by  law  ra«ulrad  la  tha  — ,  •  Oaniian  aowo- 
popor,  both  bdng  nawapapara  prlotad  la  aad  af 
Moarai  alrcaiatloa  la  aald  county  of  '— ' ; 

AND.  WHBRBAS,  oa  tho day  of .  A. 

~     ~     ,  tho  aald  — ,  aharur,  aa  albraaaid,  did 


D.ilt 
la 


tba 


fer 


aao  of  a«l4  ao«too  aapaaa  tba  aald  raal 
aala  at  pablta  aoatUn,  at  tba  door  of 

boaaa  la  aald  oonaty  oC  *^'^*  aad  tba 
••mo  waa  than  and  thara  publtely  aaM  and  atraek 
off  to  -~-,  for  tha  a«m  of , baing  tha4ilgb- 


iwotlitrda  of  tba  •ppr^laad  valna  tharaof ; 
AND,  WHBRBMrat  tba  tarm  of  aald 


court,  A.  Q.  cte   ,  tba  aald  aracaadlaga,  by  tha 
...     .s.—m.     .        ,pji^,,»a„  ,«bmlttarf 

,, „  •UroapoctacoaArmad: 

•ad  tba  mit  alMrlf^waa  erdarod  and  diractad  i|» 


••Id'  •harll.haJ  In  tba  Brtiai»a«.wara  aabmlttad 
*•  aald  oaiift.  •••  nr  It  la  all  roapoct*  coaArmad ; 


•aacata  aad  daUyar  a  gaa4  aad  •uneiaat  4vtA  af 


— eooMy,  Ohio,  by  virtu*  cftha  liatntf  la  web  ca> 

wade  aad  provi«la«l,  and  la  coatldaratfaw  of  >b*  pwwbw, 

aad  in  ccoaidanuiqn  or  the  foai  of  w—  to  ma  io  hand 


amlgM^Mayar,  att  fSm^&t,  tida  aad  iaiaiaat  of  tAm 
wid^^ — ■.lBaadtotba£lowln|liad»aadjMMaMat{ 
jftnawd  Id  tha  cajiaty  ni.  „  '  »IM  State  or  Ohio,  aad 

>  tba  maM  to  tba  Mid 
inwMo  Moagtagia 


~,  irtih  M  ;b*  appqriaaaaea^  ibtnio 


WW; 


WHBRlOr,  J.havc. 


•fcnaald,  b««uita  lat  ai/ iMM  « 


pnMooaar(««i«a«iMiw.)   fllamaf— C^XHKy.OWo. 

lUupiR^^sfb  i^oStrese  ran. 

SHALL  QOME,OKI(CT)li&:    tSoW 


TO  a: 

n,  tet  wbmM, 


jp  'iS^Mig^ 

aad  StataaT  Ohio, 


a Judgaiant  aad  dacwa  agahm  — »,  la  a  cartabi  cMI 

MMBM-*j  nMT  wC  UUtt  Of  ^"""*S 

AMD,  WHBRBAS,  oa  dw  -  day  i^T-.  A..  D.  f  l»  , 
aoMaia  oadar  aCial*  «ma  duly  iHuad  aataM  judiiBant 
aaddccraa  brmtd  coortL  dfaaiMd  to  •—•••,  •bcriffM—-- 


I  duly  appralMHl,  anu  a  copy  of  ih«  lypulnniaal  lo  Im 

ily  Abd  In  iba  oAlca  of  ths  clerk  of  uUl  coan,  ami 

ring  Ant  ftvan  ai  l«tti  fhlny  dayt'  iMravloui  notice 

lh«  ilmi  and  placo  of  aala  inareur,  by  caualng  the 


procMd  according  to  law,  and  appralaa,  advaniaa  and 
a<U  ihc  UniU  and  laiMmanu  hcraaAar  dtacrlbad,  accord- 
ing lo  the  »tiiiuia  in  >uch  cu«»  made  and  providod ; 

ANU.  WHKKKAS, having cauaadaaldrwUmUltto 
ba  di 
duly 
kavii 
of  tha 

a«m«  to  b*  publiahad  Ave  oonaecullva  waaka,  ami  iin 
iha  aama  day  of  auch  weak,  in  lha  — ',  and  alao  aa  hr 
law  raquircd  in  tha  — — ,  a  (i«ra»<ta  newacapcr,  boiii 
baIng  nawapapara  printad  lo  aiKl  of  gienanil  eirculalion 
In  aald  couwiv  of  —  j 

AND,  WHi:RE.i8,  on  ika day  of ,  A.  D. 

1I9    ,  tna  aald ,  afcariff,  dU),  in  punuanoa  of  aaid 

Dotka,  aapoa*  ib«  aaid  raal  aataia  for  aala  at  public  auc- 
rioB)  ai  tba  d<M>r  of  ih*  court  kpuac  In  aaid  county  of 
•^— ,  and  lha  aaaic  waa  llian  tad  there  publicly  told  and 
atruck  off  to  — ,  far  lha  aura  of  — .  —  being  the 
kigkeal  bidder  Ihercifbr,  and  aaid  aum  being  more  than 
Iwo-lKlrda  the  appralMd  value  thereof; 

AND.  WHKKEAS,  At  Uie term  of  aald  court, 

A.O.  1I9  ,  ibe  aaki  pnicecdinga,  by  the  aald  aheriff.ha<] 
in  tlie  premlaea,  ware  aubmllled  to  aaldeoart,  and  by  it 
In  all  reapecta  coaArmcd ;  and  the  taio  tharlir  waa  ordarad 
and  dirtctad  to  eieaule  and  deliver  a  good  and  auAclenl 
deed  of  conveyanoe  of  aald  real  eatala  lo  the  aaid  — ; 

MOW,  KNOW  YB,  That  I. ,  aa  tkariff  of  

eauaty,  Ohio,  by  virtua  of  tne  aiatuia  In  inch  caaa 
mada  aad  provided,  aad  in  eoaaldemiioo  of  the  prcai- 
lam,  and  la  conalderatlan  af  the  aum  of  — ,  to  me 
la  hand  paid  aa  abarlff,  Ike  raoeipi  wkereof  b  hereby 
ackaowkSgcd.  have  OIVBN.  0RAM1BD,  BAR- 
GAIN  BO  AMD  SOLD,  and  by  theeajpraaenta  do 
hereby  ORAMT,  SELL  AMD  CONVEY  unto  the 
aaid  — — ,  —  heira  nnd  aaaigM  feaaver,  all  the  rigkl,  title 
and  interaal  of  lha  aald  •— '«  aad  to  ifi*  foMowini  landa 
and  lenemenu  altualad  in  tke  county  of  —r  aad  State  of 
Ohio,  and  known  aad  daacribad  aa  Miowa,  to  wit :  — ; 

TO  HAVE  AMD  TO  HOLD  the  aaaM  to  the  wid 
——  with  all  the  appurtenaacea  thereto  beloaglag  to 


•  helia  and  aaeimu  ^ 
IN  WITNESS  WHBRBOP, 


liy.  d 


aToniaald,  hareuato  eat 

day  of ,  A.D.  ila    , 

Signed  and  delivered  In  BbarMlar— 

pnaeoceof   <»  wilatttti.)  Ohio, 

for  form  at  AcanowtamM 


KNOW  YE,  That  _ 
after  dctcrlbcd,  did.  on  tha 
A.  D.  1I9    .  bacaaa  aad  waa 


anowtamMn*.  laa  that  IMa. 

I  third  Tuaaday  or  January, 
raa  dellnqueat  for  tba  nca- 
penalty  for  tha  year  ila    . 


aald  dehaqueat  laaas  iind  peaahy :  and  ttiSwaaa,  aaid 
rml  eaiatt  «na,  on  the  day  tJormaM.  duly  and  MpiSy 
edhrad  for  eak  at  the  court  bouaa,  In  di*  Gouaiy  «f-'-% 
bv  tha  trenauiarof  wid  oounty ,  for  lha  tajim  and  paaaky 
aforaaald.  and  waa  by  bna  then  aad  there  ««M  for  — — . 
tasea  aad  oanalty  th«a  due  iharaan,  to  — -i  ■ 

AND.  WHlllBASt  iba  auditor Vmid  couwy  mm 
to  aaid  purehaaaracmAcata  of  aald  laic,  a*  reqtibad 
by  law,  which  witiScate  baa  now  bean  ptijdiiBad  H  tba 
HBderaigned  — ^  audhortif-^  oooniy  •fonaaid,'  in 
coaaidemtion  of  tha  premlaea.  gad  lha  payment  by  laid 
turehaaer  af  dia  tald  cum  of  — ,  do  keraby  ClUyNT, 
SBLL  AMD  CONVEY untodic aaM  — -'  -ZTSirin 

•gM  H  afonMU.  to 


wit  1  alMfad  la  lha  coaaqr  of —-•.  M»d  Stata  bTQi'ie. 
and  d<atiifted  aa  foHowc ;  — — : 

TO  If  AYS  AnFtO  HOI^  «a  taaw  » tho  Mdd 
— , '— •  hair*  and  aarina  ferover. 

Ili  WITNESS  WHi)»BOjr.d>a  Mid  -35  »  w^j- 
tar«ftatdoo«aty,  hatelo  aata  Mi  kam^  ofkwJIr,  w» 
day  af — ,  A.  D.  da   .     — — — 
"  Inpiaaeaoeaf    Ai|ditorcfi'v~<i 


'<MW>4r,0bfo. 
rAcinm<mMmn»r,  a«f  tiMt  tida. 

^       -.^SlSSl   M....ifnf..ilk..a 

viavanaeia^aa., CI  ram  eiwa^OTapywiVvai mn^ 

la.jiMMtlto  hi  writing,  etc.  Sao  fora^-  iii^tmI  tP  ptdov. 


(tia«lMMW.) 

ror  form  ef  Ami 


PatrMwalMa.  naa^M^iapuMB'^iMlKd. 


itacMdiim innitlia'wttliia  i'tfT^lfi^hfiiltii- 
ctmoa  af  d>a  «tmfff»m»toJ^iMi  »•!<"*»  »!^'**#*?! 
pufchaeaia.  ale..  In  good  foltb  Ibr  vakia  aad  witaom 
Botk*.  wboaa  eonvvyanoe  ihall  ba  Ant  duly  lucotdad. 

■aala.    A  Mioil  b  auAk' 


ipi 


CONVEVANCES. 


law,  >iid  aMnilM,  advwtlM  ■nil 
lunM  h«rufi<r  dcKrlbad,  accord- 
icli  CAHi  miuia  anJ  proyuiid ; 
i.  havinji  c»u*a4  talii  raai  aataic  lo 
I  ■  copy  of  >)><  lUipraiuoMM  lu  b« 
of  Ihs  clerk  of  lakl  cowt,  aiid 
toti  thin*  Uayt'  pravlmia  notice 
of  lala  ibarcor,  by  cauaing  Uk 
•*•  oomccutlva  waalit,  and  on 
weak,  in  iha  — — ,  and  alio  at  h* 
~-,  a  (iariaaa  ncwipapcr,  buili 
Mad  In  aad  of  ainanl  Mrciualion 

I '  M  Ik*  —  day  of  — -,  A.  D. 
ilMrlff,  dU,  ia  punuanoa  ft  uld 
li  laal  caiaia  for  Mia  al  public  auc- 
a  coun  kpuaa  In  aajd  county  of 
a  than  ura  ihar*  publicly  wld  and 
tka  Mtm  <4  — ,  •—  balnu  the 
ir,  and  laid  lum  balng  nutra  than 
ltd  valua  ihereor; 

S,  At  Ik* tmtm  of  Hid  court, 

tKccdinga,  by  ika  wid  •liafMr.had 
•ubmitiad  to  Mlii  coart,  and  oy  it 
sd ;  and  tha  aaid  sbariff  wai  Ofdmd 
■  and  dallvar  a  good  and  mAclam 
f  laid  rtal  aatata  to  tha  said  —  i 

t,  Tba«  I.  — — ,  aa  tkarifr  af  

rtua  el  tha  tututa  In  luch  caM 
lad  In  coaalilanuioa  of  tka  praan 
atian  «f  tha  ram  of  ■>— ,  to  ma 
it.  tka  noaipt  wkaraaf  it  karaby 

oivBN.  Oraniko,  Bar- 

>LD,  aad  by  thaaa  praMnla  do 
ELL  AMD  CONVEY  u*M  the 
■aaigaa  (otavar,  all  tka  right,  Utla 

i 'aaadtelkafoikwlBf  biadi 

I  in  tka  county  of —~  aad  Rat*  of 
doKflkad  aa  Miowi,  to  wit :  <— ; 
rO  HOLD  tka  laM  la  tlia  aaM 


'HSifor,  I  haw,  at  akariff 
•I  aiy  hMd  oaciaUy,  ikia 


ia  ttMriffar- 

mtitti.)  Ohio. 

aowLmMKOT',  aa*  Ik 

wKanM^Mianl  fHtta  1 
Ml  tka  drfrd  Tuaaday  or  Jaauary, 
aad  waa  daHnqiMM  for  th*  aaa* 
laadpanalty  for  tha  jraar  ila  . 
of  th«  y«ar  A.  D.  1I9  ,  and  BM 
tharato,  duly  aad  laKally  raturaad 
:  Mild  on  UM  day  afetaaaWi  for 
i  and  paoalty :  aad  whwaai,  aaid 
m  day  «foraMid.daly  aad  Wigaliy 
eouil  koMaa.ln  aMcawty  of-i— % 

'  Mat  ihea  aikl  tkara  wM  fir  — -, 
«  da*  tlMtaa««  to  •— I . 
$,  tka  audMor  oftaid  couaty  ■»«« 
itiAcat*  of  aatd  *$k,  a*  rambad 
at*  baa  iipv  twan  BtoAMMd  M  Ik* 
Htor'ttf-f  cetaiiy  afaaaaaM,"  in 

■Y  unto  the  laid  -r-—~  hain 
fca  rial  aauMB  aoM  H  afeniwld,  10 
sottBiy  or-—.  ««d  StKla  wCiia, 

"To  HOtO  4«liMMtatlMMkl 
laalgaa  forarar. 

«f  TUdtwraf"  V  wwny.iaiite. 


aiNt.i^PflQpm 


t  *te^  9f^  ffp*^^' t*pn9#  to  vMDV* 


iHr  aaaaiMhr  «MdKd. 
f ««  daw  piw  .tkt  •«•- 


P„.,      '"WJMITl.TAIflA. 

^J-aa»*ynnca*,  ate.,  ar«  by  the  f.irin,  of  iha  common 

Aaknowladgmani.    See  ih..i  ti,i  .  „me. 
i-^k      •'  "  '•""•lul'hwl  and  burred  by  ilie  wife  Jolnlna 
In  Ih*  conveyanc*.  '         ' 

}f^M^'i'S!^S^  "li!"  **  «t""'"*''  »«P«rat«ly. 
Racordlng  In  the  odlce  of  the  recorder  of  d*ed»  in 

of  .h.  ft?.  1      K*  "«'=••'»"'■  "«P'  *>>-■«  ""MtU  ,.ut 
inonih,         '  '«""''"«  ">"•«  b*  .lone  »ahin  ti, 

laal*,    A  (croll  la  aufficwai. 
oeual  ara  not  nM:«»ary,  ibo.«h  ona  or  mor*  i* 

A%    .TT '-» .k"  *"•'  •'  "»'  "^'^ .  botwaan 

o^^r';:'ri:».r,r''' '""  ""■  °  •  "'■•'"  «•• 

tlon  Jf  \h1?il''2r*Z^"'.f  ""» »»•«• '"  ""•Idara. 
by ?ba  a'ald  VaTw'»TTi»L'?:?L«?!'!"! '"hand paid 
wharaof  ia  haraV 
barfainad,  aold 
conRrmad.and 


*93 


hair;.  .jMrK;!:;,";^;^'.:?^  .*u.,?iJ'^ 
ruJl  J^'-i??*? "  •"ypM«  th«r*of(i4*r. 


SI«ri  r2i  •.^*!'  "bartiaa,  mamkara.  baradita- 
inaBta,  and  appurtaiian«*a  tharaunto  balonaina 

rrtt?8S?^M  -rt"  •julty.of  tha  aaid  ^^^ 
^Lr!  "l^J^-''^  >»  ■»*  tQ  tha  a«ma,  and  ava» 


&•  inly  mropw  uaa  Sntf  Vih^f  Vf  t£a  aSySVtS 

oftta  •aM.4  put.  bto  hai;^  Ld  ;;5iwW 

£»d  tha.  wM  A 


•h;.  •**  Mm  to  andwlth  tba 


— '"-^  -»T—   f^f*  »p*  iv*|  lov   •■■IIIB9J 


li  RWtyoftha 
0.  UtM  ha,  tha 

og«ilar  tha  ha- 


and  aia  pun  aiM 


r.rt.h:r*rf*'''''°'''"'"-'»«*'«^"«'"-«A^ 

ingB,lmprov*ia«ota,  haradltamanta  and  mmlua 
b!  wfth' th^':5  •'  "•"«'•»•*  ond  intiX!  m". 
ui.  .i?  JTk  •^"•j »°  •"<«  '»'  »>«a  only  propW 

.d*«t..'ri^'ri%ViXJ:ljrVaVa".'o%%^^^^^ 
■rant,  and  agrM  to  and  with  tha  mS  C  6  hi 
K*  ra  and  adgaa,  that  ha,  tba  Su  A.  B  anii  hK 
halra.  all  aa/alnguUr  tit*   hwadJumaniS  a«3 

mantionad  and  Intandad  ao  to  ba  with  th.  .7 

h!lrf":k^'EL'!!i.*'iff'.!^V««*  A:  »•.  ond  hia 

paraon  or 

abova  writtan.  A* B,    I* m"  1^ 

Saaladanddallvaradiatha)  *'"*'    '"^^ 

P^wnc*  of  ua.  / 

For  form  of  Ackmowlbdomimt,  mb  that  Utla 

C«HV«]raBM-fl«H«Ml  (•««  ■■Mtol) 

daT"^  ••"^!*2."**  <''  '"dantura).  mada  tba 

A  V\T"' '°  *•••  J^V  •'  »"'  1^* .  batwaan 

'Sa^--*''r^'^"=»{."  "^  "^^ 

STaiiafa&ijfe^sSi*^^ 


llatMr 


rvr  Kwa  orAnMmwuwHMDrr,  aaa  that  lid*. 


itomanta 

-, — 'tkiaAf 
lot*,  roata,  1^ 


wotara. 


tbo  autta,  Hiibt.  titla,  Id. 


'•««o«uitar,er 
Mio.Md  to  tka 

,ftiJ';;,*}f.'»M«{f.hjo  bsin. «,»«. 

Sf5  S'^S^zs^f^9:s»*9»m'  •»■»•.  iba  jMid 

■calmt  bias,  tha 
•u  Md  avary 


i>tOff,Md^u 
cft*MMt.j|raat 


ir..>*':?».^i?S''«J^8aS:-* 


•aiMWi 


»94 


CONVEYAMCtS. 


and  M«l<    D«l«d  »li«  ««y  •«<  rV*m*^  '**^* 

wrtttan.  ^  ..*•■•    l*"*-' 

•If  n«4,  MsM,  and  4«UMf«4 1 

IB  PrMM«M  •!  1  .        , , 

ror  fera  of  AcKMowLUOMUfT,  m«  umi  iIm. 

C*av«|rMi«*-^NU*«!l*lM  >5^' 

Thto  Mnv«yan««  (tr  ladoiiura),  m«d«  tk* 

day  of ,  U  th*  jr«M  of  our  Lord  — -,  !{•»*'••• 

A.%.,.*ta.,  of  tho  OM  (#r, *'**lPf5^t '^  C'  ^-^  •■ 

rand  In 

■onnavTBiran  jm  »••«  w™  -•  ~r~.~""t7""»  „'?!"! 

moMy  of  tho  Unlwd  ttotaa  of  Anoriaa,  W  Ma 
In  hand  paid  by  Iho  aald  party  of  tho  ooom^  part, 
m  and  UtM*  tho  ooaMng  aM  doUvmr  of  dMoo 


A.  ■• ,  •»■.  (  ••  M"»  "»•  \»»-i  "■••;  F""  ».-•»-  ^> 

tho  ethor  (•r  Mcoad)  part,  wllnoaooth  i 

That  tho  oald  party  of  tho  irM  part,  for 
•anatdoratlon  of  tho  o«m  of  — -  dotoro, 

^     _ -«  ^L—    *•— l&^J    Aa^aaa    a#     i    ■■■■!»■ 


ottlt-olalm,  unto  UM  tatd  party 

aad  to  hU  bolro  and  aootgno,  forovor,  au  ^m*r, 

Mm  ilk*  4u€Hptit»  *i  tk4  fraftrffL^^^'H  ** 

Mm)/  tofotiior  with  all  and  olnfMlar  tho  V 

monti,  horodiumoato,  and  appurtanaMoa  th 

unto  boloBflni  or  la  onvwlao  apportatntnf, 

•      ^      ^00,  romalndoro.  ronti,  toouoo,  aod 

lof!    And  alao  aU  tho  oouto,  rteht. 

It,  In  said  proporty.  claim,  and  d^ 

loovor,  ao  woU  la  law  aa  In  acuity,  of 


all  (k4r,M 

'"  ~  -\i/ti- 

tono- 

_  _  ^   ^i« w— ■■■■■  jhorO" 

__J'b«ionirn|  or' In  onvwiao  apportatntnf.  and 
tho  rovoniono,  romalndoro.  ronti.  loouoo,  and 
praAta  thoroof. 
Utlo,  Intoroot,  I-  . 

maaid  whataoovor,  •■  w«h  ■■  ■■■»»  >•  ■■•  •«i<~>r,  »• 
tho  aald  party  of  tho  ftrot  part.  of.  In.  or  w  tho 
ahevo  dOMriWd  promlaoa,  and  avory  part  and 
pareol  thoroof  wifii  tha  appiirtonancoa. 

To  hava  and  to  hold  nil  and  singular  tho  abevo 
mantionod  aad  doaorlbod  promlaoo.  togothar  with 

»|-—    .^^..-A^sAKAAM     MB«ak    *lkA  aalfl    will  Am   ftha 


Say  and  yoar  Arat  aho»a  ^rittan. 
•aaladanddoHvorodlnl         Slgmtart  mmJ  iml, 
tho  proaanaa  of  / 

OMiv«]rMi«»-A«ailatadMt<*r^  Sm^L 

Thia  oonToyadho  {tr,  iadratom).  mado  tho 

day  of ,  In  tho  yoar  of  onr  Lord ,  botwoon 

A.I1..  admlnMrator,  of  all  and  alngnlar  tho  (ooda 
and  ebattala.  tighta,  anjarodlta,  wMeh  wwo  of 

oTd..  hito  of  tho  — ,  to  — -.  tnl***!*  J' • 

•  nar«,  and  C.  Dm  of  tho , 

majthorpar|.t. 


of  tha« 
of— ,« 


'whSX;;'ti^iiMD:5T!;;.fito&'(Mi». 

tho  tlmsof  Ma  daatb.  waa  aaUad  ta  bin  »--—- 
aa  of  CM,of  and  inaoaftnin  tract,  ate.,  of  land, 
aitiMtad  In  —  county,  — —  aeroai 
Aad  whoroM,  lottara  -'  --*-'■ 
and  lingular  \"         ' 
«roiUta,wMeh 

of  hta  daath,  w...  —  -_.»_. . ^^ — — ■ 

iwta  tho  aoid  A.  R.    An4  whatooa,  tho  anld 
mlntaimtar, at  on  oipbnna'aayrt, hold «t •— 

'  ssttsSi:  fcShT*ir^''  '^^"^••••^  •■' 


\»  Aa  ooartnlligiiali.tHt 
of  fiia  ifdd  D^  D.  woo  not 


Co  ^waoSSnl  a&to  of  Sm  iMd'SI  _.  -— --; 
auAdontto .  It  waa  oonaidorad  and  ardar^ 

ahoold  bo  aold  according  to  tho  prnyor  af  tko  pa- 


Iving  Mtico  thai^.  aecosBag  M  Mw.  aad 
.PMB  we  oamo  nnto  tha  a^  C  D.  ftf  ^  aiMri  af 

Wa  00  ropart  Uiaraur  mnda  to  tha  Jwigaa  nf  tho 
«ai4.ea«nf OB  tha  •~-'  day  nf  -— ,  A.  IX  -— ».J«5M 
nad,att4  it  w^  conaidarad  «nd.ndttnd#id 
aal4  0Mrt,i^t  tfM  aama  d»o«ld  if  aiid 
» ta»  and  oMila  CMmtej  and  gnod  and 


That  tha  aald  A.  R..  admlaiotrator,  ao  afar* 
■old.  for  and  In  constdaratloo  of  tho  oum  of  — 
dollars,  to  htm  In  hand  paM  by  tho  oaM  CD..* 
and  boforo  tho  sosoaUng  aad  daUvory  haroof,  Ih* 
roooipt  whorsof  ho  dooo^arsby  achnowlsdgo.  has 
grantad.  bargalnad.  sold.  aUanad.  anfaolbd,  r«- 
loaood  and  soaArmsd. 


lallng  aad  dauvory  narooi,  1 
doooharsby  achnowlsdgo.  h 
I.  sold,  atlanad.  anfaolbd.  1 

sd.  and  by  thoos  prssonto  da 

hsroby  gront,  bargain,  aall.  aUoa.  anjaoff.  roiaaa*. 
and  conArm  unto  tho  aald  C.  D-..hla  hoiro  an<l 
aaalgna.  all  tho  following  dascrtbod  (k*rt  4ntr^ 
iieJrtitrM.  Togsthsr,  aiao,  with  aU  and  sin- 
gular tha  bulldlnga.  Improvomanta,  ways,  watsra, 
watar^oorooo.  righto.  »bortlao.prtvllogas.horodl- 
and  appurtananeaa  whataoavar  thara- 
g,  or  In  anywiaa  apportalnlng,  and 
I  and  romafndora.  ronta.  laauao,  and 


ina.  all  tho  following  dascrtbod  ^kfr^  dftritt 
\r»ttrtf).    Togothar,  aiao,  with  aU  and  sin- 
gular tha  bulldlaga.  I">f>r^i"anu,jways.  ^atsra, 
watar-coi 
tamanta 
unto  belonging. 

#ibA  VAWA#tt4AAA  A I 

proAU  thoroof)  aad'aioo.  aJl  iho  rlcht.Utlo.ln- 
UriMt.  proporty.  claim,  and  damand  whatavar, 
of  tha  aaid  D.  D.,  In  hia  llflitlms.  at  aad  immodl- 
ataly  baforo  tha  Umo  of  his  dacaaso.  In  Uw, 
oqultf .  or  otiiorwiaa  howaaovor.  of.  In.  and  to  or 
out  of  tho  cams.      ..  ^      .. 

To  havo  and  to  hold  tho  oald  maaauaga  or  Uns- 
mont  and  tract  of  Und.  horodlumonta.  and  pram, 
iaaa  haroby  grantad.  or  montionod,  aad  Intandud 
ao  to  bo.  with  tho  apyurtananaoo.  unto  tho  said 
C.  D. ,  hIa  hh>a  and  Mwigaa  terovor. 

Ami  tho  aaid  A.  R.ioos  covenant,  promlss. 

Kaat  and  agree,  to  ai^  with  the  aaid  C  »•.  Ma 
Irs  and  aaaigna,  by  theoo  proMnto,  that  he,  the 
aaid  A.  R.,haa  tat  dono,commitlod,or knowingly 
or  wllUngly  noibred  to  be  done,  any  act.  matter, 
or  thing  whataoeifor,  whereby  the  f^miooa  afaro- 


or  thing  whatooevor,  whereby  the  r*mlaan  afaro- 
aald,  oT  any  part  thereof,  la.  are,  AaU  or  My  be 
charged  or  Incumbered,  in  tiOo,  charge,  or  ^tate, 
or  otherwiaa hewaoeycr.      ..  .  _  ^     ^ 

In  witnoea  whereof,  the  eaid  A.  R.  baa  herannto 
act  hIa  band  aad  aeal  tho  day  ai^  year  above 
written.  A.  R.,      [1-  a.] 

Admlmmrattr. 
■igned,  aanlad.  and  daUvorod  \ 

Inproooaaoef  I 

ClMM4ilMi*s  l>an<. 

Thta  canveynnea  (#r  tadsobm),  made  tho-— 

dayof ,  in  tho  yonr  of  owrLord  —7.  between 

A.TI.,  admlnlatra»of  of  tho  aotou  and  affiasta  of 
5.  D.,  lata  of-—-,  docanaad  (jr. «.  X.,  asacmor  of 
Se  hat  wfflsndta.ls«anlrfp.D.,U«eof----,di- 
caaaed.  tr  O.  H,,  gaardfaui  of  the jpatson  udaaiua  0) 
rDTmlaer  hair  of  O.  D  ..la» of -— , dacoMad, *f, 

T.  %%  vmm,  etcf,  .and  tj».,  of .to  — .  In 

the  Mate  of -— .  wttnoaaoth  I 

Whonod  {ktrtfiiSm  tki  rttiut  imd  1 


^«l« prtttri'umnid.  etHrMimr at/tMttt)i*i>- 
Mtbarw{&  an  aMTiiivnlac  the  boildtag|Um- 


pwrtonnnooa.  w 
— • — in  and  k_.  _.  - 
tbaaaldO.D.,Ma 


•Mhiaa,«a  and. 


OOlf  l> r^^ 

tfcoSMU  C 
PTHaBMUhnt 

kimrtniStf'oIr  wMlngly  arfbrod  to  bo.  <Mnm  or 
•OkXtwIlCl.  aw  wtt,  manor  w  tMng  whataaavsr 

partth«MO«f,wrnta,ahan  or  maf  bvimfnaahod, 
aSlgodorfecnmborad.  to  tiUo.^awrfe.MWM,or 

OllHil'WtaSt  howsosw^ 

In  i»itnoaa  whanof.the  anid  pnrUaa  to 


s^ssm 


t.,  •4mlalatrator,  ••  afer* 
4«r«tlan  of  tha  •tim  of  — 
J  ptM  ky  tiMMUIC.  0.,w 
toe  aiui  d«Uv«nr  harMf,  tha 
Wkaraby  MhaawMga,  haa 
■old.  aUanad,  aafaolM,  ra- 
,  aad  ky  thaaa  araaaata  deaa 
I,  aall,  aliaa.aallMff.  ralaaaa, 
la  aaMrC.O.,litah««ra  an<l 
ring  4aa«riba4  (A#r«  dtKrii* 
har,  alaa,  with  ail  an4  aln- 
nprevamanta,  waya,  watara, 
,  llkartlaa,  privUaf  aa,  haradk- 
aaaacaa  whataoavar  thara- 
I  aaywiaa  apfartalntng,  and 
iMalndara,  ranta,  laauaa,  and 
alao,  aU  dia  rtckt,  Utta.  In- 
m,  aad  daaaaad  wliatavar, 
kUUntima.atand  Inmadl- 
la  of  Ma  dacaaaa,  la  law, 
bawaoavar,  of,  In,  asd  to  or 

d  tlM  aald  maaavaga  or  Una- 
d,  karadlwmaata,  and  pram- 
or  Moatlonod.  and  Intandud 
ppurtaoaaaoa,  uato  tha  aald 


,hU 


CONVEYANCES. 


aovaaaat,  pramiaa, 
aald  CD.,  I' 
r tkaaa  praaanwitiiat  ko, tha 


Mid  with  tha  I 


M,coaimlttad,erkaawlagly 
to  ha  doM.  any  act,  aaMtar, 
wharaby  tha  f^mlaaa  afora- 
raof.  to,  ara,  akaU  or  mar  ko 
'od,  10  tiUo,  charga,  or  aotato, 

r,  tha  aald  A.  R.  haa  haraaato 
Mi  tha  day  and  yaar  ahova 
A.*.,      (u  •.] 
jldmUttraitr. 
lallvondl 

iliMi*al»MA. 

(«r  tadaatiHa),  mada  th«  — 

iarofaarL«r« .hatwaan 

'  of  tha  ooiata  and  aflhata  of 
laaaaad  (#r.  E.  X..  nmrnatct 
flMM  tt  D.  v.,  bla  of  — -,  da- 
diaa  ofiko  panoa  aad  aatBH  ol 
X  D..  laM  of -— ,  dacaaaai, «/, 
ndCJ».,  Pi ,  In  — ,li» 

ImiJkinfiUU  tmd  **w<W*a 

i  aUitdar  tha  holManam- 
vataia,  watar  eoawwa,  Hghia, 
haradnaaaaata  «ad  a»|Wrta 
tharavaM  bataaglag  av  la 
ig,  aad  OM  f0TM«WMwi4  r» 
■aa,  aad  ffdihi  tbarakf  i  aed 
Ight,  tMaTlMWoat.  iMa,jiraM, 
iTlkU*  (utt  damad  wrhatat- 
I.  0.  a»  Um  daM  of  hia  dasaMi, 
,  eoulHr,  mr  olharwiaa  havac- 

iXUaaaBy  hMadWaihjMtta 


tdm*iMm**rt,  ule.,  tm,  doaav- 
Bor  ika  oaa  forikaouar.orfer 
otliar.fcat  aaehfirbiaoaniaddi 
miaa  ma*  agrae  ta  aM  wUb 


)  haita  ma4  aaalma,  tv  ttaao 
ihay),  tha  aaM  daiMairalor 
aa  aat  ««■«,  aoMafrittad.  or 
aglr  aaihrad  «a  ha  Jtoaa  or 
I,  mattar  or  thlag  whataaaaai 
ilaaa  htrahy  grMtatf,  otium 


or  ■wjrhahMaaaahad, 

irad,  la  tMa,  chai|a,lMMa,  ar 

Mr. 

awr,tha  aaM  pa>tiaa  to 


m 


araaaata  havo  haraiinto  intarchangaably  aat  th,  ir 
handa  and  aaala.  tha  day  and  yaar  flirat  abova 

•aalod  aad  dallvarad  In  tha )  ' 

praaoaaa  of  ua.  / 

C*MvayMMM»-«lv««a4l  RvHt  IWm^. 

Thto  aonvayanca  (.r  indcniun).  mada  tha 

aay  of  — -,  In  tha  yaar  of  our  Lard ,  balwaan 

■■•  •' county.  In  tha  tuta  (»r  Comm.m- 

wMlth)  of ,  of  tha  Arat  {»r  oimi pan,  and  C.  D., 

of 'County.  In  tha  lUU  (*r  CommonwMlih)  o/ 

-—.of  tha  Mcond  (#r  oihar)  part,  witnaaaath : 

That  tha  aald  A.  ||    aa  wall  for  and  In  conald- 

traltan  or  tho  aum  of dollara,  lawfkil  monay, 

onto  him  at  or  bafora  tha  aaaling  and  dalivary 

""^'.''^J'*" •?','*  ?•  °l """ •"*  ""'y  l»*««l.  «ha 
racaipt  wharaof  to  haraby  achnowladf  ad.  aa  of 
'ha  paymoat  of  tho  yaarly  rant  and  Uiaa.  and 
parformanco  of  tha  covanania  and  agraamanu 
"Vf '5'Jl*'J?*!?»*«»»*^>  'Which  on  tha  part  of  tha 
aald  C.  D.,  hto  hairaand  aaalgna,  to  and  ara  to  bo 
paid  and  porformad,  haa  grantad.  bargainad, 
aoid,  alianad.  aafaoWid,  ratoaaad  and  conlrmad 
and  ky  thaao  praaanu  dooa  grant,  bargain,  aali 
aiton,  onfcoff,  raioaao  and  cenArm  unto  tha  aald 

togathar  with  all  aad  alnguUr  tha  bulldlnga,  im- 
provamanta.  waya,  atraala,  aUaya,  paaaagfa,  wa- 

HS^rS^"*'""**'  ''«»•••  UbaitlaaTwTvllagaa, 
haradltimaiita  and  appurtaoaacaa  whataoavar 
uata  tha  aatd  haraby  grantad  pran.iaaa  bolonging 
or  JB  aaywiaa  apporulnlog.  and  tha  rovaralona 
aad  roHaladara  tharoof. 
To  hava  and  to  hold  tho  aald  daacribod  lot  or 

Eiooa  of  groaada,  haradltamonta  and  pramtoaa 
araby grantad,  with  tha  appurtonaneaa,  unto  tho 
aaid  -—.hto  haira  and  aoalana,  to  tho  only  propor 
uaa  and  hahoof  of  thalaiJ  C.  D.,  hto  hain  ami 
aMigiia,  forayor.  ytaidlDg  aad  payiaf  tharafor  and 
tharaaut.  uata  tha  aaid  A.  B.,  Ii to  haIra  and  a». 

Haaa,  tha  yaarly  raat  ar  aum  af doliara,  tow- 

UX  aaoaw  of  tha  Uaitad  ttataa  of  Amariea.  In 


— -yaarly  payntMta.  on  tho  —  day  of  — ,  ate. , 
In  ojary  mm  hwaaftor,  ferayar,  without  aby  da^ 
duetioa,  datelcatiOB.  ar  akatamaat  for  any  tajtaa, 
ehargaa  ar  Maaaamaata  whataooyar.  »«  ka  aa. 
aaaaad  aa  waH  aa  tha  aaid  haraby  grantad  tot  aa 
oa  tho  a^  yaarly  rant  hara^  aad  tharaout  ro- 
■arvad  \  tha  Irat  payoaaa^  tharoof  to  bo  mada  on 
tha  — ~  day  af  — — . 

Aad  aa  damolt  of  paylBg  tht  aatd  yaarly  rant 
an  «ba  day  aad  ttma  aST  in  muSSZ^S^Ax 
oballaad  mayba  towAil  tut  tha  aaidA.a.,&to 
haira  aai  aaritona,  ta  aatar  lata  and  oaon  tho  aald 
!!2?te?C!Si}f  ''•iP'*^'  •»  ••/  PMtUnrbof ,  and 
'■■«•  «y  »nlMtaga  Mwraan  ta  ha  wactad.aad  to 
dtotratalartha  aaid  yaarly  rant  aa  ia  ar^arand 


r-'-~ii, , -—jifliaB  whataaayar,  any 

lawMthacantraiytharaaTia  ar ■ 


viaa  aotwith- 


aapaM,  withaat  any^naiSri 

law  M  tha  cantraiy  tharaaT  ia  aaywL 

MMtfta|;MdtaorMaadwtth  and  aaOaochdto^ 
ttajaai  gaa^  and  rtfcota  accardiag  ta  tha  uaual 

Sfi*??  Jt.jjff?*'**  ^  rant^chargaa.    Batifaor- 
Mant  diatraaa  oaaeat  ba  Araa/mon  tho  aald 
I  toaatlaiy  tha  aald  yaarly 


baira.  asaaotara, 

—  c«yanaat,Braa»> 

r-.-—  Tw~T^  T /— -  -■••■  »ha  aaid  A. B.,hta 

^-ff^jsntifif^aesgusrus'^ 

7*lf^J'*'ll!??  *E  canaa  t»  ba  paid  to  tbo  aaid  A. 
a.biahalfa  aiSUM^nwjhaallmaaid  yaarly  raat 

"  lEJji!' — \^^Si'  'V*!^  monay  afcraaaid. 
an  Oia  4iw  and  «bii*|iMab«bra  mantloaad  and 
•MBU»«»f  fc»  P«y«hBt  thoraaf.  wlthaiit  aay  da. 
tectlM,  daMaadan/dr  ahatamaat  fbr  aay  taaaa. 


'BBSfj^Wi  OIT  lanawaaawapaw  PW ——tppp^t  z    n  BV|||H  mV 

aaptaaa  agtaadaant  «;  tha  aaid  partiaa  thaf  tha 
aaM  CO.  («r  A.  B.>.  h|a  hfira  aaTaaaicna,  ahaU 
pajr  an  taaaa  whataaavo*  that  ahallbafaailar  bo 


laid,  iavlad  or  aaaoaaad,  by  vlrtua  of  any  Uwa 
whatavar,  aa  wall  on  tha  aald  htrab  ^rianltd  lot 
and  bulldlnga  tbaraon  to  ba  aractad,  aa  on  iha 
aald  yaarly  rant  now  ohargad  Iharaon,  Alao  ihai 
.l,'"*,*!'*  ^-  •*••  •••"  ••••"  •'  ooalgna,  ahall  and 

wl      within from  tlia  data  haraof,  aract  and 

build  un  tha  aald  haraby  grantad  lot  a  good  and 
aubalantlal  brick  building  of  aufflciant  valua  to 
••*"'•  «ha  aald  yaarly  rant  haraby  raaarrad. 

And  furthar.  tha  aald  C.  D.  doaa  haraby,  for 
hiniaalf,  hIa  haIra,  axacutora,  admlnlatratori  and 
aaalgna,  aiprtaaly  walva.rallnquUh  and  dtinanao 
unto  tha  aaid  A.  B.,  hIa  tiaira,  aaacutor*.  admin, 
latratora  and  aaalgna,  all  and  avary  provlalona 
and  provialon  in  tha  act  of  oaoambly  of  tha  Com. 
monwaalth  of  Pannavlvonla,  paaoad  on  tha  ninth 
day  of  April,  A.  D.  il4«.  antlllad  "An  act  to  a«. 
ampt  proparty  to  tha  valua  of  thraa  hundrad  dol. 
laro  from  lovy  and  aolo  on  aaacutlon  and  diatraaa 
for  rant,  ao  Tor  aa  tha  aama  may  aaampt  tha  aald 
C'lrS''  «'•"«•*  '«»  •'"I  "ny  part  tharaof,  and  any 
bulldlnga  or  Improvomanta  to  bo  araelad  or  placad 
tnoraon,  from  iavy  and  aala,  by  vlrtua  of  any  writ 
of  oaacution  that  may  bo  laauod  upon  any  ludc. 
mant  that  may  ba  obuinad  or  antarad  in  any  ac. 
tion  for  tho  roeovory  of  tha  rant  haraby  raaarvad. 
or  haraby  eevanantad  to  ba  paid,  an^of  any  ar. 
raara  tharaof,  and  of  tha  coata  of  auch  action  and 
oiaeution;  ao  that  It  ahall  bo  lawful  for  tha  aald 
A.  B.,  hIa  haIra,  aaacutora,  admintotratora  or  aa- 
algna, to  pr«Kaad,  by  oaacution,  to  Iavy  upon  and 
aall  tha  aald  hara^  grantad  lot  of  ground,  and 
avary  part  tharaof,  with  tha  bulldlnga  ani  im* 
provamanto  aa  aforooaid,  in  tha  aama  manner 
and  to  tho  aama  aotant  and  to  tho  aama  affact,  to 
all  iotenta  and  purpoooo,  aa  if  tho  aaid  act  of  aa- 
aarabiy  hod  not  boon  paaoad : 

Provldod  alwaya,  navarthatoaa.  that  if  tho  aaid 
C.  D.,  hto  hoira  or  aaalgna,  ahall  and  do  at  any 
tlmo  pay  or  cauao  to  bo  paid  to  tho  oaid  A.  B.,  hto 

.  haira  or  aaalgna,  tho  aum  of dollara,  lawful 

wfjcy  ••  aftroaald,  and  tha  arraaragao  of  tho 
Mid  yearly  rant  to  tho  timo  of  aueh  payment,  than 
the  eamo  oholl  for  over  theroaftar  cooae  and  IM  ox. 
*'J'^?i**"^'*"*  *•••  «•»•"•»» 'or  paymant  tharoof 
ahall  bocoma  void :  and  than  he.  the  aoid  A.  B. .  hto 
hoira  or  aaalgna,  ahall  and  wiu.  at  the  proper  coata 
aad  ehargaa  In  tho  law  of  the  aaid  grantee,  hia 
heiro  or  Moigna,  aaal  and  oaecute  a  auMctont 
retoaaa  and  dtocharge  of  the  aaid  yearly  rent 
hereby  raaorved,  to  the  eald  A.  B.,  hii  heira  and 
aaalgna,  forover,  anything  hereinbefore  contained 
to  the  coatrary  thereof  notwlthoUndlng. 

And  tho  oaid  A.  B.,  hto  heire,  executora  and  ad. 
mlntotratora,  do  covonant,  promloo  and  aaroa.  ta 
aad  with  tha  aaid  C.  p.,  hIa  hoira  and  aaargM,*!^ 
theoa  preaanta,  that  he,  the  aaid  C.  D.,  hia  hiira 
•n*  ffaif  M>  paying  tho  aald  yearly  rent,  or  eatla. 
goiahiag  tha  aame,  and  Uaea,  and  performing  the 
cavoDcntt  aad  agraomonto  afaroeoid,  ahall  and 
may  at  all  timea  hereafter  forever,  freely,  peace. 
ably  aad  autoUy  have,  hold  aad  enloyf  all  and 
alagutor  tha  premiaoa  hereby  grantod,  with  tha 
apparteoaneae,  and  receive  aad  Uhe  the  reota 
aad  proAta  thereof,  without  any  moloaution.  in. 
terruptien  or  eviotion  of  A.  B. ,  hto  heire,  or  of  any 
•"••',P««on  or  poraono  whomooeyer,  towfUly 
otolmiog  ar  to  daim^by,  from  or  under  him. 
them,  or  any  of  them,  or  \i,  or  with  hto.  their  or 
•%  •'  ??•''  act.  meawa,  conaeat  or  procurement. 
In  witnooo  whoroof.  tho  aald  partiee  to  thooo 
proooato  have  hereunto  interchangeably  eot  thoir 
bMda  aad  aaato,  tha  day  and  year /rat  abova 
*»"*•«»•  A.  B.    (UAL.) 

■aaladanddaUvaradintho)  '   '"^^ 

praaanca  af  ua.  / 

CMtvajTMNflMMMrtana  l»«ad. 

_  _  On  Km  Fmeiat. 

8.  r. ,  aaqulra,  high  aheriff  of county,  In  tha 

TOmmoawaalth  orPaonaylvania,  to  aU  to  whom 
thwa  prooanto  ahaU  came,  greeting : 

Whoroaa.  hf  yirtaa  af -a  writ  of  fleri  (hclaa, 

bearing  teat  tha day  af ,  A.  D.  — ,  i  ^ 

commanded  that  of  thrgooda  and  chattoto,  tonda 

and  tonemonto  of  A.  B..  toto  of eonato.  -— 

In  my  bailiwick,  I  ahould  eauoa  to  bo  tovied  aad 
mada  aa  well  a  certain  debt  of dollara,  taw 


I, 

:1    ! 


h  I 
1"'  ^ 

1: 


CONVEYANCE!! 


IVil  m«My  •!  tka  UiilM4  Simm,  willi  |iit< 


frQia  ih*  - 
lau  In 


r   W«  UMtM   ■!«••,   with     iKOTtM 

4ay  or  —  A.  O .  whUk  C.  6!i 

«•  •jir *«<(rt.  k«r«rc  our  )u4cm  ai  — , 

i»W«i  MWlMl  Kim.  M  •ta*  -i— Uitera  Ub« 
■«y.  wklai  !•  Ik*  MM  •CiMlf  iiTaW  m32 
Murt  wart  la  Uk«  aiuaM  •|jy4f  aj  £r  kia  4aaM 
ataa  wktoklM  atia(alM4  ^aaMaten  •?  Ika  4a^ 
lanila.  aTtkat  4aM  wkarMf  ikTSS  lafaaSaM 
waa  «M»Ut  aa  ap^aia^a/  rac«r4.    AmI  UmI  I 

akauM  kava  tkal  manay  ka^a  aur  JtMaaa  at , 

at  o«tr  caurl  ikara  la  kt  kali  M  a«M 

taunty,  a«  Uia If  aa4ay  ar  —  aaai,  M  raMar 

ta  Ifca  aai4  ^alaUff^  klSr4ak«  mU  4«;.h«!>^ 
Aii4  wkaraaa,  tha  iafaaSaai  kaviiM  ■•  ^araaaai 

fraparty  ant  a?  wMak  M  aiaka  tka  alava  MMnaya, 
I  pMfWMMa  wkaraal  h4  iv  virtH*  of  a«M  wrtl. 
la vla4  an  (A*^,  JtHrOili*  fr»i,rH\. 

•aaa  a/  ika  mI4  wHi.  I.  ikaa^tA  iSariA  fiTria 


M  wrapartyi 
aMlSanNii 
I. "    ■ 

af  aala  ky  •4var(laa«a«tt  i«  tka 


flvaa  4ita  and  I 


^.    >a  aai4  ikarUr,  K«W«« 
ihMa  saw*. 


VI  Hw  ay  a«vaniaa«a«M  i«  tka  MkHa  aawa- 

5 !>•««•.  ••>«  ky  k«.4Mlla  Mi  »•  pa  fS^^iSZ, 
n^  la  tka  aiaat  yukUa  >lM«ria  MyClUwIak^ 


iHa'MM  pramioM  ai«wa  AaMrtSJ;  with' tka  ■» 


Im  kali 


fc^ra>q>Mkayyl>jga.  iMva  iruiai. 


Ta  iMva  aMTia  iMMiifl  lurt  aliiciilar  tka  kaiadl 
tamanta  aarptMMaafnbwakfA^rw^  tta 
appurtaMMa^  uMaika  ■•UlTiriUa  iMira  anS 

.  la  wMmm  wkiniiiCl.  iha  Cff  akaiUi;  km 


karavat*  ait  m, 

a.  v..  M^afara.  Mck  akarifW--  aoMty, 

thaMpraaaMarfMllaMa;]|MSigt 
Wkaraaa.^  •  aartata  irAtT^L  lanwi 


r  wfih  Ite  iMratftMiaaM  wMl  apyw^ 


Totatkar 
I  ia  Bw 
•awaOa 


I  ajhawM 


s^K3E=£-SySS?ffi= 


»atii*— -^«r — .sr% 

■MM .MMM  rMawarJI  6 


— -.  wtik  tka  tawftil  latartat  lkara*r,  ai  tka  Ai* 

ihaaa  »aM|a  k*<l>ra  tka  IiiA|m  at ,  at  Ihi 

ama  tltraMM,  wkanaf  tha  ataraMM  A 


•aur 
tara«4ar 
ia4  4aM 


iva 


aa4  Jaaiafaa  «! 

r-MK^'^iivjKSi-tiaTjn; 


iWf"  ^'^•»<.  •«•••  •»*  «»»M 


laa^  ar  tka  «aM  writ, 
1«a  an^  laaal 
,ky  Mv^ftlM- 


daNvary  karaaf,  Ika  raaalat  wkanar  I  4a  Braky 

?;';:l;t';iiSi.wr?i:s?attiMS' 

4a  irant.  kMvala,  aod  mU  mm*  ttMaiMCA 


Trigs 


••i 


I  Mm*  •imIiijw  h«v«  kMM  Mt/ 
ito ""  ^fLnfl!}.!  ""  •"  •'^ 

•I4&.  5.  Itr  Mm  4«k«,  laMrlai.' 
MaM.  wlMtawf  iha  atarawiM  *. 
faafa  af  raavH.  tM.,  aa4  thai 
tbara  tkat  writ. 


Milaaa,  aaSn*  Ika  iMat  raMta 

•THji.  Ai.  M ,  Si*-!-.  Uf 

MMmwtMa  atava  4«acrilM4^ 
laaat,  to  aaJaJhrMMta  vas^aa 

MMflka  hi|Kaat  aa4  kaat  kM- 

«Mt  I.  tfca  MM  •.  r..  aarf|«ilr*. 
MM,  fcr  aa4  la  aMMUaratton 

at  aa4  ba*wa  tiy  MaHaa  aiM 
t  raaatpt  wlMwaaf  I  4a  Mraky 
tjraiiAd,  karmlMM  aMTMfil, 
MM».  aaafrtfllfl  u  tka  diraa- 
vrM.ami  ^  Maa  aai  vlrtHa 
ItMie*  aM  lawa  af  liita 


■oeh  aaaa  Ma^a  aa«l  itiiUi*, 
•»<*•«  •»[»  thaalMoTn., 

rwSrffiaS® 

Maota.  rtflita,  Hk^fiaa.  artv- 

*'**ft"f •  **  '"M/wlaa  apaar- 
Kmi?       'MMalMafa,  Miia, 


CONVEVANCI 


•um  if  — -  4aliara,  ha  katna  iha  hlaliaat  an4  kaat 
btddtr,  and  tliat  Iha  hlghaal  aiM  taa*  pri«a  bM- 
dan  far  «ha  aaaaa. 

Maw  bnaw  ya,  thai  I,  Iha  aald  t.  r  .  aa- 
qutra,  hlah  aharUT  afaraaaM,  for  and!  In  conald- 

'  ralian  ar  iha  afaraaald  aum  of dotlara,  la 

ina  In  hand  paM  Iw  iha  aald  t.  9.,  at  and  ba- 
fara  Iha  aaallna  anidallvar*  haraaf.tha  i.cilai 
wharaaf  I  da  harak*  achnawladga.  hava  f  rantad. 
baraalaad  ajM  aaM.  an4  hr  Ihaaa  praaanU.  aa- 
cording  la  Iha  diraatiana  af  Iha  aaM  writ,  and  by 
forca  and  virlua  tbaraef,  and  Iha  aanalllulion  and 
lawa  af  thia  cammonwaalih  In  auch  saaa  NRada 
and  wavidad.da  iirani.  baraaln.and  aali  unia  the 
•aid  B.  r.,  hia  halra  and  aadigna,  all  that  tha  aald 
maaaMga.  au..  and  balMt  aa  haralnhafara  par- 
tiauiarlv  dMcrlkadi  togafliar  with  alTand  lin- 
■ulM  ika  bulMlnga,  Imaravamanla,  righu,  lib- 
arliaa,  privtiagaa,  haradltamania.  and  appurta- 
nanaaa  whataaavar  Iharaunto  balonging,  ar  In 
anywlaa  aj»arMlnlng,  and  tha  ravaralana,  ra- 
mdlndara,  MnU,  iaaoda,  and  nraltta  tharaafi 

Ta  hava  and  ta  haM  ail  an/ainguiar  tha  karadi- 
lamanta  and  pramiaaa  harabyjrantad,  with  tha 
aapurtananaai,  unto  tha  aaM'K  P„  and  aaaigna. 

ti  and  iar ,  thatr  anijr  pr Mar  uaa  and  kahaal' 

'•r?r«.,-r-  ••••rding  ta  tha  farm,  farea,  and 
•*^J^  *•  J"'*"  •■"  "Mgaa  of  thia  aammon- 
waaith  in  auah  aaaa  mada  and  pravMad. 

In  witnaaa  wharaaf.  I,  tha  uid  aharMT,  hava 
haraiinia  aat  aav  ban4,  and  aliaad  my  aaal,  tha 

day  af ,I«  tha  yaM  afeur  L*rir . 

S.  f.j     (aaAL.) 
laated  and  daUvarad     1        '^ifr        '-->¥. 

iathapraaanaaafiMj 

MI*IIB  MLiink 

Convayanen  of  any  «iaM  oTlnhadiaaea  or  (raahaM 
for  a  larai  tacaadbig  ona  y«ar  bum  ba  by  daad.  ia 
wriilng.rtc.    S«*  foraM  Mtond  la  bdow. 

AckMwkMgmaat.    SaaikaiUtlt.aaia. 

Carpwattrnw  iN»»*  aa araMfONd ferm.  TlMprail- 
d«»l  or  •'MMf'r  lAia*  iIm  aorpoiai*  laal,  tigiJ^  W.i 
•UM.  and  add*  lili  aAdai  iWa.  anTto  ackaa^lwlan 
lit  •jiatuuofi.  ^^ 

Owarar  ti  Mlinqniahad  aiM  banad  by  Iba  wife  loUon 
ki  Iha  CMMtyaaca.  ^ 

■wpadteg  awat  U  in  iha  aAcaaf  itiaclwhj^tfw 
towa  or  dw  wiMra  ih*  Undt  at*  MuaitST  ft  tha 
r?* *■  JL^?*  i-Vff  'YrH'aca  ih«  coav»*nc;\MM 
ha  raconbd  la  Iha  oAca  of  iha  nconiv  of  dacd*  IB  laid 

tiala  moH  ba  of  umm  t 
wafcni,  adha«i*a  papn',  ««fc. 
WHiiaaail  ara  aat  w«c«nary,  ana  i«  raaloaiary, 
■aaOMaMu.  roniM, pm. 

CoBTayancaa 
aHni  ba  hi  wiM,,,  ,m,. 
AckMwMgnaM.    Saa  ikat  liila,  ania. 

VMMa*  la  Mwrtad,  iha  wife'a 

awdaa  Iha  daad  ar  papar  anac 


'i*awa. 


of  rail  **i*M  ar  any  latanM  ihaialn 


SBaar  mMmgiu^  w 


a*  mSm  iIh 


if 


nvayanea*  wifhia  tany  day* 
d  HMiaaAr-  ■'• • 


jftMaSttog.  Uaada 
or  Iha  ragiMiar  of  BMM 
•ftjrawwilon:  if  ntotdti  ilMfwArr  tliay  uika  m 

'?**?y*^<«**  «»■"«»'  """•«  >«•  In  Ih*  prannee  of 
""""^inommtmif      '  v^  thair  ummb  |b  aunt- 

Saa  GavwMi.  FiwNa.  p«*«. 


ipraaaaiai. 
»SP.L.*s&|tjplUeh.374{«ild.So.    a-iSwaa. 


That  I,  A.  ■..  af — ,U  Ika  mm*  alkraaaM.  in 

aansldatalioii  of  -—,  \o  m*  paid  by  C  U  ,  in  vha 
Hal*  aferauld,  hava  granlad.  baraalnad,  aald, 
and  rtUsMd.  and  by  ihaaa  pr*a*nla  do  aranl.  bar- 
gain. Mil,  and  rtUaaa  unIa  aald  C.  0.  all  ihal 
(«Y"»'""*«  '*'  /<•»-/),  logclhtr  with  all  and  (In- 
gular  Iha  rIghu,  mambar*.  haradllamtnia,  and 
appurl««an««*  ii,  th*  cMid  pramiaaa  batanalna  ar 
In  anvwlaa  IncldanI  or  appurUnani. 

To  hava  and  to  hald  all  and  alagular  Iha  pram- 
iaaa b*r*ra  manllanad  unla  Iha  aald  C.  0.,hla 
halra  and  aaaigna,  foravar. 

And  I  do  harabv  bind  myaalf,  my  halra,  aiacu- 
•ora,  and  admlnUiralara,  la  warrant  and  foravar 
dafand  all  and  alagular  Iha  aald  pramiaaa  unlo 
Iha  aald  C.  O.,  hia  halra  and  aaaigna,  agalnal  my. 
aair  and  my  halra,  and  agalnal  avary  paraon 
whamaoavar,  lawftiliy  claiming  ar  la  claim  ihg 
aama,  or  any  pan  Iharaof. 

Wllnaaa  my  hand  and  aaal,  <lhla day  of 

-—.In  tha  yaar of  aw  Lord ,  in  iha yaar 

>f  Iha  indapandanaa  of  tha  Unliad  Siaiaa  of 
Amarlca.  a.  ■.    (aaAL  I 

•Igoad,  aaalad.  and  daiivarad 

, »»  praaaoaa  af  W.  T.,  N  t. 

rrooraaaboira.     Vr  aokmiwlwdgmant. 

Canvayanrca  ol  real  ntaif 


ba  in  wrlllna,  cic. 
^cknowladgmanl 


nr  aRyfntaraat  Ihcrain  mual 

S««  lorm%  rararrcrf  In  bcluw. 

J- .,_„.-,.. jnl.     S««  ihai  lllla.  ante. 

Dawar  i«  rallm|iil«hatl  and  barrad  by  ina  wHh'a  Join. 


Inaln  ih*  convayanca. 
Ilarrlad   woman  miiM  b*   •aparalaly   •xamlnml. 
•'  *«•«  »•  Jolnad  by  ihalr  hu>banil«  In  iha  convay- 
anca of  iMr  rval  atuia,  and  Juin  the  huaband  In  t(U 
convayaaaa^ef  kla  or  of  ihtir  J<iini  rmliy. 

■aearding  aiiiai  be  In  ih«  offlte  of  iha  ragltiir  of 
d*«^  tl  lb*  couBly  wharaln  tha  land  I*  •liiMia  In  ordar 
•o  aflhMMibaaquanl  itim  /Mr  purchaaara,  aic,  without 
■oiic*. 

A  atroll  with  Iha  word  aaal  writian  alter  Iha 
ia  aufficitnt* 

Saa  OanaaAt  tonm,  poat. 
TElCAa. 
Cottvayancaa  of  any  aitiala  or  iMaraat  la  rani  prop, 
rtjr  •;"  BO  lachaleal  wonia  to  convay  a  laa  tlmpla; 
and  whara  th*  initrumant  purpona  to  paa*  a  armtar 
iniaraal  than  th* grantor  po**aa«aa  k  aliaMlaa  only  auch 
Iniaraal  a*  h*  aaait»aaa> 
AchnjBwIadgmaiM.    Sa*  that  tliia,  ama. 
Marriad  woaaan  muai  ba  aaaailnad  aaparalaly. 
■aearding  ia  BMaaaary  to  alwi  aubaaquent  Amm 
yfdlr  nwchaair*  and  cradlion  wMboM  aoUce  or  raaaua- 
aUa  InlbrBiaiion. 

!i*t. !?  "^  nacaaaary,  aaccpt  to  InalraaMOM  a««- 
c^air'otporaiioaa. 

VlfltMaaaa  to  graator'i  aignatui*  not  aaeaaaary, 
»k«>  iMtniMcni  S  ackaoarladmi  bdore  aMiberliJiI 
o«car,  but  whan  ng|,  ihaa  two  witaaaMa  ara  aacaatary. 
who  Muai  algn  at  rNuaat  of  cramar. 

SmQftwKL  foBMajwai. 


MB  ggiiNiAi.  foBMaMwai 
Uaa  Sotrrit  Cabomiia  n>Bi 


^OBM.* 


VXAW' 


vhloh 


OmvayMaa  iaaludat  arary  intiiwMnl  ia  writing  by 
kloh  raal  aaiata  or  any  lataraat  ihanla  iaciaaiad, 
iaaad,  aortgagad  or  ai*rgpad.  agcapt  wilU,  and  iapaaa 
JH  ajoaadlng  a  lami  aTanai-M.  ^^ 

Aekaowtadgmaat.    Saa  tbat  liOa,  aiMa. 

Dowar  ha*  baJM  ra^aattblialMd. 

Manriad  woinaa  convey  la  tha  laaM  iuaaara*  no- 

KacatdiMia  iba  Mice  of  Iha  racoidar  of  da«b  of 

ta  eouaiy  w^ra  Ilia  la«di  ara  Mttiatail  U  aacawary. 

■aala.    NoaaaiaaraBacaaaary. 

WilMaaa.  OMvtipaiaiaaiiacJMt. 

Saa  Cauioiinia  roaii,  anif ,  and  OgMaaAi.  roam. 


poat. 


^tmyvaom  of  laadi  or  ainr  iMaiail  ihaicia  mm 
in  writing,  ate.    Sea  fonM  lafcrnd  to  bdow. 


ta  convay  lid*  aa  agaiaM  lafiaaquant  ttmi 
an  or  attaching  craditoia  without  aodce. 

IS:  iJSl''***^    tti-  An  jo«y.    e-HartL  Dif.  «» 


CONVEYANCES. 


IV*  VUMMM,  vh*  miMI  *fl«l  iw  H  al 
Bm  (>■•■■■«>.  timut, 

VIIMIIMIA. 

CMi««y«Mcw  <if  raal  MMM  w  aay 
■luti  ba  in  vrtlinf ,  ••«. 

A(kii«wMgm*nl.    Rm  iH*i  iltb,  ani*. 

Dowar  ■•  nliMiuUlMil  aiHl  harrad  by  iha  artlW  >a(iiin( 
bar  huaban4  In  lh«  timvayanca 

M«rH«4  waman,  Caiwan  law  pr*»l^  vlih  tllghi 
^•ilticaiton.     tasafaia  aaaailaailo' .  ta  not  aacaaaanr. 

Raa«f4ii»a  »ltkln  •taiy  lUya  af  a  ilaad  of  bat^aln 
■•4  taU  ia  nacaaaary ,  and  all  cimvayancaa  f^om  tha  lima 
Itiay  an  <luty  ailmlua<l  lu  racuni  ara  valid  a^alnal  tub- 
•a<)iiani  t»m*  ^4i  putxtuftn  aa4  cnMUUH*  wllhout 
Kulka 

A  Kfull  la  MilKctaaM. 


rMiv*)riiii«« -~4MM«t*r]r 

Tka  MIowiM  tirm  will  paM  all  iK«  aalala,  nghl,  lllla, 
■nd  intami  of  iha  (ranior,  buih  In  law  and  In  •^Hily.i 
Unlaaa  aaoaptltm  h  madd  a  convvyanca  of  land  IncMaa 
and  paxaa  all  bulMngt,  ptitikfu,  aad  ■pyuruauKaa 
af  aoary  kind.' 

Thla  •••vajWM*,  m«4f  tit'.a  — —  4mf  H  —,  hf 
A.  B^  af  ■■ — ,  au.,  M  C.  U.,  af ,  aM.,  wlC- 

That  In  aanal4ar«llan  af  («*•/«  aa4a<),  Uia  aal4 
A.  B.  dalh  with  iha  aai4  C.  D.  bariata,  Mil.  and 
grant  all,  ate.  tk»rt  dutritt  tkt  ^r^rtv.amd  mtU 
fnktltnr  r«t«iMn/«  tmtdHitlu,  rfUktltiu,  Hmtt»- 
Htm,  tit  ,  agrtni  W»»). 

Wltnaaa  tha  fsuewlag  ^natitra  an^  aaal.t 

A.  B.       (L.  •] 

U^k  /b//  Cawaart.* 

Thla  taavajranaa,  mada  tbla  —  ttif  af  — ,  ^ 

A.  B.,  al ,  at*.,  ta  C  D.,  af ,  ata.,  wli- 

oaaaatti  i 

That  In  aanaldaratlan  af  {Hi*  wkai),  tha  aaM 
A.  B.  dath  with  tha  aald  C  D.  haraaln,  aall.  and 
f  rant,  aU,  ata.  (jUr#  JtnrUt  l/kt  prtftrtf,  mmd  luU 


whmltwir  nmummtt,  ttmMiuu,  rtttrktiimi, 
titmi,  Ht.,  t^rftd  nf»m). 
And  tha  aald  A.  ~ 


B.  aavanania,  Thai  ha  haa  tha 
right  t*  aanvay  aald  land  t*  tha  gmmaa  i  that  tha 
la  ttMM  fram  ail  Incumyianaaa  i  that  tha 


graataa  ahall  hava  ^nlat  paaaaaaton  mt  aald  la«d : 
mat  ha  will  vaaaata  auah  fWrthar  aaanranaaa  af 
anM  landa  aa  ahaU  ha  ra^aMta ;  and  that  ha  will 
warrant  ganarally  (ar  apaisiaily)  tha  ytayarty  hara- 
by  canvayad. 
Wltnaaa  tha  Mlawlac  ■igaat«r«  aad  aaal,  ata. 


C— wyitw   14Bi  iBteto  ' 
Tnhava.ta  hold,  and  aajay  tb*  i 


€!!•■■•. 
»9  nmwwtim  nwaw*  wi^  wmgmj  mw  aaaaa«  and  all 
and  alngMlar  tha  ••MrtanaMa*  and  avary  part 
tharaaf,  durtng  Ika  Sttaral  Mil  af  a^  C  n? 

Thla  canvayanaa,  nnla  ibia  —  day  af ,  by 

A.  B.,  af— , ta  C.  O.,  wf ^— , wttnaiiath  i 

That  In  canaMsratton  af——  d«llara.tha  aald 
A.  B.  dath  ralaMa  ta  tha  aatd  C  D.  aU  hia  alalma 
upon  tha  faUawlag  Iwrihad  lawda,  ta  wit  i  (St- 
trrtUng  Ittm). 

Wltnaaa  tha  faOowlaf  atgnnttwa  nad  aaal,  aia. 
(a«aA«w). 

C—vayaa   Tiw>  >fa <J 

Thla  eonvaynnaa,  mada  thla  —  day  af -— ,  by 
A.  B,,  af  ana  part,  ta  &  D.,  af  tba  atkar  part, 
wttaaaaatiii 

That  tha  aaM  A.  B.  dath  grant  Mt*  Mid  C  O. 
iha  faUawIng  praparty:  lh*rt/»lhm»  M«  4ntt^ 
tha).    In  trnat.  ta  aatnrajikrr  4ntT»§  H»  *tt$  u 

wtitttfttf  €00f0ittutt$i  ^fwiMmMi  ttt.f  0gTt0w  i^^aa). 
WHaaaa  tha  faUawlng  algMtwra  mm  aa«l,  ale. 

Canaajwnaaa  «f  imNv.  ar  hnarMt  thatafci,  mm  ba 
hy  JmA  la  wrtriag,  ilgaadby  party  hoand  tharrtty  and 

\  U.    9aa  fctaM  ranrrad 


*Ca4aa«,p.fB|,Ch.ii|,|i.    »CMia|»ik|t. 


Aaknawladgmanl.     laa  that  il«la, 

Dawar  la  r«lim|Ht«hafi  »«A  barnd  by  iha  vMb)aMl^ 
iha  KtMhamI  in  iha  <  *mv^%nt%. 

Marrtad  waman  muai  ha  taparaialy  aaaatlnad 

Raaarding  t*  iHuaa^a'y  m  raiulai  iha  iiMKayanw 
«all<f  aatliiai  <i'l<Mi|HaM  t*im  /kdt  |Hinkaaan,  aia  . 
•  t(lti.iM  n«ilr« 

WItnaaaaa.     Ta>«  ara  aarawary. 

WKaT  VIMIIHIA. 

r<in«ayan«aa  tA  raal  aaiala  »r  any  Iniaraat  ibaraln 
miMI  ba  in  wrtll«|,  tic      Haa  fiirma  lalbrrail  lu  balnw 

Aabnawladgmanl.    %»*  ihai  iiila,  ania 

Dowar  I*  raRn^u■•h••l  ami  liariait  by  iha  wllb  )o«nln( 
twr  hiiabnnd  In  iha  mnvayanca 

Marrlad  waman  »•••)  i«>i  b«  aaaniinad  aaparsKly 
anil  apar<  frwa  Ihair  hualun4l> 

Raaarding  In  iha  oIKia  uf  ihaclarh  nf  iha  rnuniy 
cinirt  la  na«auary  la  raixlar  iha  convayam  a  «all<l  aaaiiol 
aiilKrquani  Amm  fidt  purehaaan  or  credMora  MikaiM 
*'<llca 

Saala.     A  acroll  la  tiiAclanl, 

Wllnaaaaa  ara  n>*  naca<aary, 

haa  ViauiHiA  Poam,  aktva,  and  Oaann*L  foaaa, 
puai. 

WIM^MBIB. 
Cnnvayancaa,  aw  .  ■>(  any  aalaia  or  iataraat  la  taai 
pmparty  muai  ba  In  writing,  ate.    Baa  liiriaa  lafcrrad  la 

Acknawladamanta.    9oa  ihai  lllla,  aMa. 

Dowar  la  ralaaani  and  barrad  by  iha  wllb  jolaiag  in 
iha  cimvayanca  wiih  har  kuabnnd. 

Marrlad  waman,  whaihar  by  ihalr  aala  daad  or  by 
Joining  wilh  ibair  huabanda  to  eoavay  ikalr  aalaM  ar 
doarar,  aiacMa  iba  coavayaoca  iha  aama  aa  ihuugh  (hay 
wara unaiarriad.     Noaaaamia  aaawl nation  ia  nacaaaaty. 

Racarding  In  tba  oAca  of  ika  laglaiar  of  daada  la 
Ika  county  arbaia  tba  laad  la  altuaiad  la  nacaaaary  to 
■andar  iha  coaaayanca  valid  againal  labiaiiuani  (»m» 
/H*  piifthaaan,  ale. 

Saala.     A  acroU  la  auflUlanl. 

•Ignatkira  of  tha  graaior  la  aacaaaarv,  In  ika 
anca  of  laro  wtlaatiaa,  arho  aiaal  auhacriM  thair  ■ 
In  atiaaiallon  ikaioaC 
Son  Onio  rooiu,  abara,  and  OananAiL  Foniu,  poM. 
WT*Hlir«. 

CoaaoyaMaa  af  laajb  ar  any  Imaraai  ikaraia  ainai  ha 
la  wrfnng,  an.    Sea  wraM  fwarrad  to  baloir. 

Saa  AafcnawladgMant  ama. 

Dawar  and  Canriaay  abotlahad. 

C)na  nrluiaH  aaoMch.  Prlvaia  iiaii  abdiakad,  aacapt 
eofponilan  aaala.  Wllb  taotl  iain  ktiaband  to  daad  or 
aaortgagi  hoaiaitaad.  Wllb  aMial  atga  and  aehnaarladga, 
Aaaly  and  vahiatarlly,  and  tapamia  aad  aaait  Awn 
kaabaad,  aad  anM  ha  M*  apprlaad  by  aBcfal  of  aaa- 
laMi  and  har  ilgkia  and  awet  af  algalng. 

Baaardlng aiy,  la  pruwi  a^Jaat  labaaqom 

MlfCMMMVta 

C*inniTAVVM--¥AaMITB  •BTAIUS. 
■■tr«4iM<lMM  In  ■■■<■  nMtf  OtlMr 

C—wynaa, 
Tha  iMreducilon  to  a  eanvayanca,  daad,  aionaaga, 
«(. ,  it  tialtad  tha  "  Taatalaai "  daiMa.    Saa  Mat  abava . 


A.  a  (#r  A.  •.  aad  W.  a  hi*  arlla)  aaavaya,  aia. 


I  («rwa,  A.  B.,of 
aanaldaratlan,  ata. , 


II 
II 

0 


at 

an 
an 


«.  U*  wUb).  fcr  a 


Thla  aanvavanca  («r  daad,  ar  Indanlar*,  blaai 
tflpanha,  ^uadripartiM,  IM.,  «r  aiarfigi,  ata.), 
baaaath. 

Thiiii,aM. 

Thla  aonvayana*  (ar  daad.  mt.\ 
day  af  — ,  wMaaaaatfe  t , 
That,  ata. 


iitlla, 
wM- 


4a; 


If  af 
'Itnaaaath  i 
That,alB. 


Thla  aanvaynnaa  <ar  daad.  ate.),  mmtm  iMa  >— 
by  A.  B.,  of  — ,  .M  C  D.,  of  — -, 

Thla  aonvaynnaa  («r  dead,  ata.),  n«4a  1^  — • 
day  of -— ,  In  — ,  Mr  A.  B.,  of  ^  wvnly.  In  Iha 
tUla  («r  CoauBonaroaHh)  af  — — ,  IMwar,  w  C  D., 

f^oda  sai.  I  y.   r  >  Moaf  jSy  .•  a  Utah.  4ML   I 
iaj.N>«-*S'    l->|OraU.<w.  >Oidas«a.|s. 


af 

•1 

D., 

M 

nai 

« 
In) 


T 
con 
Ika 
•fa 
•ft 


tha 
dab 


and 


CONVKVANCBS. 


%—  itMt  till*,  MM*. 

yanct 

i  b«  Mifamaly  taiiiitliiwl 

try  ((*   r«n*ki*    lh«  ifHiv«y«<i<4 

It  tturn  fid*  iniKliawn,  M*  , 

Tant  ar*  natwatry. 

VIMIIMIA. 

MiUia  or   any   intar«a4  ifcarain 

H*«  forma  ranirrail  lu  Wlrtar 

Hm  I  hat  )Ml«,  ania 

ami  liarrad  by  ika  wllii  Jointng 

tanca 

il  mil  tM  aaamtnarf  taiMimlaly 

awla 

ka  t)f  iKa  Clark  nf  ih«  rouniy 

•r  ihaccHivayancavallfll  agaMi«i 

irtkaa«f«  of  cre^lora  «iih<iM 

tcianl. 

cavaary, 

>l»><a,  and  OUMBM  fOMH, 

►■■a' 

i'«Naiiv. 

■ay  aalaia  or  iaUraai  la  r«al 
ng,Mc.     8—  fonaa  rafcrrad  lo 

Saaikai  ilUc,  aaM. 
4  barrwl  by  Um  wlk  Jolalafl  bl 
biMbanat. 

alkar  by  ihalr  aala  imA  m  by 
lada  lo  coavay  ihalr  artaM  or 
yaoEo  iho  aaaia  aa  ibaugk  |b«y 
■raM  aaaaiinaiioa  ia  aacwaary 
ca  of  iho  >«a(alar  of  ilaidi  la 
ad  la  ailuaMo  la  aacaaaary  to 
ralM  acalnal  aabniiuaai  mnm 

Iciaai. 

nor  la  ■■  canary,  la  iha  piaa- 

ka  auMl  Mibaeriba  ihalr  ■■■■ 

1^  tad  Oamaat  PoaMi,  poai. 
•■IJV«. 

IT  lay  lawraat  lb*'*)*  ■>■*!  ba 

M  MMfyad  I 


r»i 

Privau  aaaii  abt^UlMil,  araa^ 
RMMl  )aia  biiabaad  w  daad  or 
lib  BMM  •!«■  aad  whaowMga, 
•ad  Mnunua  aM  aMfl  mat 
taMlbya* 


Bryprlaid  by  »>dal  of 


▼ASMini  •■TAlUk 

■  ■••<■  mtA.  VtlMr 

>«ir— ««. 

caavayancit  aaad(  Mioft|HifO| 
ituai "  dayaa.  Baa  msi  aoa*a  - 
r.  B.  Ma  wtb)  Msvaya,  Ma. 

-,  aad  W.  B.  Uia  wUb).  fcr  • 
^vajTi  Ma* 


ira,  biaaitlla, 
a,  aw.).  wM> 


rd.«d.aM.)t, 

kt, 


''JJsfi!^,5;?rtL,'tf-— . 


r  daad.  aM.),  mad*  «Ma  -— 
A.  B.,  vf — Mttatjrr  ia  Um 
k)  af  —— ,  AkHMT,  w  &  D., 

i.«S).  J.&daia).|s. 


•r —  aMMly.  la  iha  Mat*  (ar  Ciwwuwaalib)  •# 
— — ,  marahaat,  wIlaaaaaM  I 
Thai,  •(«.  — ..«• 

Rnaw  aU  m%n  by  ahaaa  MtMala  i 
T»«l  ihla  aoavayana*.  •{«.  (a.  titt^ 

K«*w  all  man  by  Ihoaa  araaania  i 

TI»al  A  II  ,  «r  ,  baa,  tar  a  aanaldarallan  af 
- — ,  ala  .  Iha  ca«ola«  of  wbltb.ala  ,  baa  frantad. 
barialnad.  and  oald.  and  daaa  by  liiaaa  araaania 


granl,  bargain,  aalT,'  and  «ao» ay' un'«*<^' U 


af 


Tkia  tanvayaaia  (ar  daad.  aia  ),  mada  and  aa. 
Jrad  inl.  .hia  —  da,  a*  _-.  by  ;.d  bll wMa*A, 
a.  •%    —  aoMniy,  and  ib«  ttali  af ,  aariy  a/ 


Ina  l»r  1  o  aU  arbma  M  aiay  aoacanil 
Inawmi 

•I  ihto  aanvaya 
— .  •  a«ry«raiU 
•taM  («r  CttMiM 
andC.  0.,B.7 
italaaaa  iiadaaal..  „„,„„ 

ufMiiirlac 


aMV«r«Ma  (ar  daad.ala  ),  bMwaaa 
iTMralUn  aalallag  yadar  Ilia  lawa  a? 

pan  and  C.  O.,  «.  f  ■,  aad  0.  N.,  •  Ma»Mia«  da- 
rnt  bMlaaaa  aadar  (ba/rM.iM«a  and  MyW  A  iba 

2;iLL"il-..~r..rji:i'/jf*»"'''^  •••ip«*y.«/uw 


-    -a  »-•  —     avvmaaMfm 

MMnd  M't,  witaaaMib  i 
tka*,  a««. 

Ill 


„4    .        I.  tTATawawf  oa  p*BTiaa. 

"4.  A.,  bMrif  «M  af  iha  aataia  and  afbaM  •«  •. 

•••  •»  — •  baabrMpi  («r  taaoivaai),-  ala. 

VA  !?•?!'"«  '"v  "»«•»'••<•  "m4o«i«  bialnaaai  aadar 
aad  kyviitita  a/  iha  lawa  af  Ihafiaia  af  ---(H, 

.r"«:  B::  SraltTar^'^a^Hr"*  "*  •*•- 

"A.  R.,  admlnlatratar  af  aU  aad  ilnattlar  tha 
"A.  •..  C.  D.,  aad  B.  F.,  af ,  la .  oart- 

•aZ^iirSlYr'::^*^*'^"--*-**- 

"T.  R.,tnia(aaar(4M«riMU0" 

T1.U       •■  ."P^'J*"  »oa  KxrLAHATKm. 

TJIa  way  inthida  coaalJaraUoa,  a  ataMRiaal  of  iba 

cpndiiioa  of  iba  otaia,  or  any  B^lt>ilm^,^iJ!m 

rtja  dariyMl«,  3  ,li|,  «,  a«tinSrnSS.SK3f 

2r!2d!!ir  **•*"  """^^  «P«aaailoa  SpolaX  /C 

a^JMaai  aHaaraaea  a«MMi2rwlUk  tha  aryarta- 


and 


^    ,   „^™   r  Hfi   -_t,  ratillW  Or.  laAraaaa) 
bala«  iharaia  bad.  appaar* 

And  wHaraaa.  aald  C  O  .by  hia  allarnay,  A.  A., 
(»»  laiu>  |,,,  |ii.««r|  iif  aiiarnay.  HntUr  III*  hand  and 
•aal  iMrlng  Haia  Iha  da,  ,rf  ,  did  by  (.«nw»y. 

anca,  daad,  »».  Iwlanmrai  baarlna  data  iha day 

af  — .  Hit  Iha  aanaldarallan  Tharain  manllaaa/ 

frani  and  tanArm  \f  wll  jn.i ..,....,,  Mnin  g  p 
la  haira  and  aaatgna.  all  ibai  iracl  and  |>«r«al  a'/ 

aaraa  af  land  with  iha  appurlananaaa 
•  •  haya  and  la  bald  iha  aama  farovar,  at  la  aa4 

by  aald  laal  manilanod  ( »»v«n<a.  ilaatl.  «r  imlan- 

luw,  Iracordad  In  iba  nlK.  •  k,t  ih«  ra<urdii>(  ul  ■I.Mla 

haiaf  Iharala  had.  apiM*'* 

And  wharaaa  aald  B.  X.  and  T  ■  aaaxurMa 
af  Iha  laat  will  aad  l.atam.m  .f  .aii  D  D  57 
taaaad,  by  vlrlaa  af  Iha  aulhorlly  and  powtr  la 
Iham  llvaa^  hy  aald  will,  and   purauaM   la  iba 

haada  and  aaala,  baarlna  <ala  iha  —  day  at , 

:r?a.rM'!::nS:rir  T  r'^ra-haTrcrd":!: 

rS^^a'^Jaii-aaT"  •'-  "  •-  "'-•  -"-  '^ 

k.T!l--2*  '?*  *V*""  '•••  ••'"•  ""••  •""•.  h'a 
baira  and  aaatf  na  laravar,  aa  in  and  by  aald  raallad 
tan««*ar«a  (racordad  In  il..  ..m.»  lor  , ha  r...„uiM 

of  dood.,  al ,  In In  h.»di  -  -  ,  p,-,  .  _.,   ,^ 

lallan  («r,  rafcrWKa)  baing  Ihartla  bad,  appoar'a. 
,    .    .  ^   **rrt*/- »//r  *y /JWrf. 

wbJh  tf  M  *^S,'  *•£"  "/'•"»*-•  P»«mltaa 
wbMb  M.  M.,and  W.,hla  wife,  by  convayanaa 

(daaJ,  ^  Indaniara),  baarlna  daia  Iha Ui^ 

aad  far  iha  aaafldarallaa  iharaln  maniionad, 


•  — ~  ■-"  '"7  »»M»»»arnnii  inarain  maniionad 
did  canvay  and  aaatrm  aaia  aaM  A.  •.,  hia  bairt 
aad  aM^iaa  faravar,  aa  la  aad  ty  iha  aald  (In  pan 

'^'1!!*  *^W"1^  iraconhid    In  ika  oMca  for  ih4 
racordlag  of  daaito,  la ,  In coi.niy,  in  bnoh 


baira 

art) 

Iha 

__ -jam,  in ,  in  —  cminiy.  In  book  — ^ 

M!rr'iL'*'*J'*."."''  '•*~^«>  halag  iharaM  ba£ 
aiara  Kitty  and  al  larga  apfaara. 

U  haing  tha  aaaia  Iraat  whiah  iha  Slata  (#r. 

—-day  af <""•«*»  In  tha  land  oAoa  of  tald 

SUM  |#r,  caaunonwaalibj,  la  patani  hnok i>a« 

h  Car  tha  aanaldaratlaa  Ikarain  manilona^.^d 

I2i'!%  ^:^^  ••^1  **^  "alaalala.  laav  n( 
laaaa  ••  aad  W.,  wha  laMrwarHad  with  C.ia 
whani  **>•  MM*  h«  tha  lawa  «.  aaM  Btata  (" 
toaunaajraahb)  dM  ^aaaad  aad  aaaia.  Aad  aiid 
i.  aad  e.^ad  W..  hia  wita,  fy  ihair  jatat  TmZ 

vayaaaa.  kaarlac  data  tha imy  af  -JTaadAHr 

tha  aaaaldarauSa  iharala  aiaat£Ud,  dtdj^nl 
aad  aaaflrm  aata  aald  A.  B.  la  faa.MilhaSl  ty 

ihi^ia.'S;;;;;:'  ""^^  '"•  -*^^  ^^ 

PHrTUkhf  Dttnnl.  m  pncHUmt /trm  mm/  Ttth  ^t 
u,      «...   .     '*«»*»*' »«f»r,  <a*a», 
^W  7»4r  ^  Ambar,  m»  7»/rfr  Xjtttultr,  adaav. 

ltiril»l-TIUi  If  f^'ttli— 
Ji^Ji'JmrLSrt'tl  (ar  lajtruaiaat)  af  MTtltion 
I?!?^J?V"*  !^  *•  J*"  af  tha  aaa  aart.  and  tha 
•aM  C.  D..  afdia  athar  rari,  haa/^g  data  tha 
ZIT  *y.«!! .tawHIaa'at  Iha  aauTpramtaaa. 

^^f'irau'Sditsara.^fiiii:?;  s 

ta  tha  aaM  CD.,  hto  haira  aad  aaalgra,  feravar. 
K2uf7.jr?***i  •'"  •^•'^yj.  'arayar.  aa  In  and 

l^.iir^ji/si^'/dar'i^jLiT^ 
=;i.rhiS5l  .te:it^srrp;=i.  '•-'^"  <-• 

ro*  *y  /Mraf ,  »**^ ^[J^,  Outtm,  md 
%0^9trm  /Swum, 


CVNVITANCM. 


•^•TlM  IMtmvliia  4M««il>4il  ftmp»fXf,  iHMAMrf 

••fM  lanii'  inariinf  «  Drain,  •!■•'<  n*«>>.  •*  i  vMna 
•iMl  raMy  cMkifliig  •  «t«««ii  m  •<•••«  faactni 
(iMMtfk  MM    ptMMM*    Mfttry  ««nv«r*4  (>«•& 

^«.r^ 

baa  lMW*^«Mi*«)r«4,  iMif  halts  mm  ■>■%■■,  •• 


A' 


.•IIIMl«4 

iImi  tatmlir 


IkH  iM  MUmmimm  4M«(tkwi  tMl  mmm, 
M  m«  «tly  (#»  ia»«,  «r  .l|t«t>  ai  —  la  ihaj  ta«m«|r 

•f  -,  AMI  SmM  («r  CtaWMivwIUl)  af ,  M 

wUi  Lm  •««>•*  M««ait|r<tw«  (|«)  aiM  ttflKr- 
ataM  '■)  f  Ifalii  airaM  (l«  )<m  «i^.  ■M.,««Miaiy 
■«J  kUM  ifcr»nM>. 


Amwtktr 


AM  tkai  far«al«  Haat  at  aaraal  af  taiM  liiMwa 
aa  lat  aaaibaf  aa«aal)r.a|iMlM.,la  (awMMi^  ntmi- 
iMr  aifhl  (■),  la  r«a«a  aavaa  (7;.  la  itia  «aanly  af 
—■^•aA  WUM  af  ~—  aHiraaaii.  Maialalag  — 

MWS* 

••AM,"  •««.  (M  «AM*t  Tlta  fraa< 
aaai  Mif  1 M )  ar  Mm  aankwaal  awi 
Uaa  •wml]r'a<M  (tis  la  MwaAl 


>     Tlta  waal  IMIT  iM)  af  llM 

aniiwaal  fwanar  i U)  af  aaa- 

.     >  la  MwaAlf  fbarwaa  (14), 

.-... ...  aaM  af  tka  —  frlnalMi  mt 

rMlaa.  aaaMtMac  farijr  (4a)  Mra*.  «•€«  at  Im*. 

rfa#»\ 


langa  Mflaaa  (i|),  faiil  af  tlia  — ^frliiialMi  «•■' 


M  ar  Mraal  af 

<»    niaf.>— ,«a«ai|r 

I  a«4  iaaiHWi'  «mi 


AM  ttal  ««M<a 
■tiaaM,l)f<fMBa# 

af ,ta4Mawa> 

MMwt  ta  WW  I 

••flai^  •(  I  tiM  MMk  .<„.« 

aarjMrafaaan  ,««      »J|»iw*lMaf  •— - 

■M  •^-Mraala.m  aaia  ••«»•  (MtM  aotatr^ana  N- 


glaalng,  MaMWUic  —  MfM. 


AH  tlM«  catttla  M,  fMM 

iha  IwtMiaai  mmm 

waH.BiW«f- 

.kMHMMW 

SaniiMatAf    -  ' 

wiA  VMffk  ^) 
(iiatta^MMa  I 

WUtaMMMnS  «Mni 


•iMMj  Mm  «r«a«  kaafe  af  mM  f  ««at  —  m4«  una  • 

Wa«  af »•■»,  iMaaa  wm*  m  Mm  Mgitway 

)•  ««•««  l^am  •   ^  M  -— .iImm*  M«i«li     --  tm4*  u 


M    —. .-,,., 

.••k    •»  i*>iM,  »i«  I    IM<M«  •i«a« 
r  ■>  ,  M*..  aaM  IM  Blaaa  af  k* 


I.  «4I««  I 

Mia  — ._  ,„  ,  I 

«h4  tauraa  al  «     I  1.      . . . 

gtaaota ,  •«••,  •Id'  ■         aa»M,  M«*«  4r  Ma. 

«      ■•■•• 
•m  -km  AcMittiWiaaiiMlirT,  aMa,  anrf  T*- n.ilaii 

•b«%«^  I  lai  ki  >aa«a  «<mI  •«Im*  €•«. 
«af  ««•«•, 

TM  ^ahaailui  bmiia  ••••I  ■bliian   vital  wiaia  Uk* 
rfMMa  la  M  kax  m  ifca  yfawMM  i  txtxyaj, 
ll«>a»w«     la  ^la  RtMria 
Ta  iMva  aa4  m  liaM  iha  mm*  IbcairM. 

/4  «««*«' 
Ta  hava  ••«  M  ImM  Mm  aaMa,  MgaMMt  wHfe 
!•.•  a9v«*MaaiMaa  aiM  avwr  pail  MMtaaf,  lb*. 
•vaf. 

Ta  hava  an4  «•  h«l4  iIm  mm*,  with  Mm  apitar. 
Maaaaaa.  mmm  Mm  tmU  C.  O.,  hM  Mtft  aiwl  a* 
alaaa.  la  raa  m«i^,  laravM. 

Ta  hf««  aM  M  MM  IM  mmm,  taMMiar  wiM» 
M  a«4  aMfalar  Mm  MaaMaala,  MM^iMinaaM 
a«4  aMcHiaWMaa  Mi«f««aM  kaiaaamt  «f  U 
aavwM  aM«'MMlaf  aato  Mm  mM  alr«»  af  Mm 
•a4aa4  fmit,  Ik*  liaMi  tmi  aaatgaaTlUavai. 


Ta  iMva 
M«ai  a*4 


aM  IM  mI4  I 


H*aa«»vai~U»  latAta. 

I  MaM  4«irMM  tk»  MM- 


Ta  Mva  aa4  M  MM  «M 
nUIMb  («r  llvaa)  af 


Cm 


fi**a«a«l•->Wltl•  CnaMTNMt, 
i>«tOAi.M  «imI  Tavai  IMiu*,  fad. 


Ta  lMv«  fw4  M  MM.  aM.  (m  M  M«  %«tmihm 
/*rmt  aiM*). 

la  InMI  M  (««•«>  idW)  /  *r, 

U  irwl,  aavtrMMlMa,  ta,  •(•.  1  tr, 
Raaarvlafl  att4  ra«al«(«g,  an.  i  ar, 
lavlag  nmA  aaaapUaff,  •«•.  t  «».      , 

l«kM>  aainrtlnUaa,  M,  aM.  -,  «r, 
VlaMlag  M4  f«yta«,  aM. 

iw  la  VMibi  mmA  MlMr  Omi* 


T^a  mMmmMm  far  MM 

caavayaaaa  af  itaaa  ay  waM 
■  ^  ImtaifLM  of 


[m  i«wrvM>«fi|  ia  ikal  (lain*  M  a 


arllliA  llw  imuof  r«>«r*«a  mmm. 
ilwi  wkwii  h>  iranaaii  M- 


ililni  aaw  M  kliMMf  MM  ol  . — ,...,...„  .^ 

fcM.  Il  wpaHyWIawi  iIm  iMM»)Mm ,  aiM  •.  mmH*  la 
•Mm  ««f4>.  "YlaMina  aad  ^i*ik%  In  ...r»  bmJ 
ratMntiiim   or  raMrvaiiaa  tkwa  ih..^  mi.      .iMKur- 


ba  in  aiM  ounh. 


I.  Il  aMM       ,r 
I 

matt  b«  wtM  u\ 


r  iiMiii'-'g  I 


atktr  ihing  (Mvlna  M  ejMnlna  .««  «f  iIm  ih  >g  iramaj, 
•Ml  aai  a  pan  aTlM  idint  livafll  >mr  of  >.  nwiTii 
Whi|  «M  af  aaalMf  \>An%  )  li  max  b.  nu.W  .  , 
Wag  aa  vhkll  iM  (nntm  may  nwri  lu  dxiiaia.  4 
h  MMt  ka  Mxl*  M  Mta  of  iha  ini  .m»,  and  iw«  la  a 
i|M  M  iM  aaa«  .yanca  or  (Md^ 
RawMtiMiM  «•  KaMavATMH  nv  Anniimv 

L..U. • 1 W.,  IM  wiM  af  aaM  A. 

'  Mm  yaafly  mm  m 

—  MMWUMaaU,  «« 


^...IMMM  Ml  Rta«nr*tMl)  (M  Mimm,  aic. 
■MMMtaf  MM  MMraliic  HM*  Uia  aaM  A.  B., 

iMMiMjCMMkiM!  CI1.LMI  4f .  BNlw  1 
••1  CiMM  Dtg.  m.  j».  Ck  14, 1 1 1  UmaAir. 


1 


•M.,  ««!•  Ik*  ■<••«  W  |9- 
MMTM.  MM*  •«  !•«•. 


lift,  *■«•.  tmi  Mown, •>•«•. 

In  tf  kiHria 

I  <M  MMn«,  mMMi  wHk 
»  ttmf  |NMl  ilMr««f,  Ibf. 

IM  MMN*,  wHIi  llM  affmt- 

\4  C.  tt.,  km  Mil*  tiid  •« 

I  Ik 


,  IMMltW  wtik 

wtMiiam 


)•  Mm  mti  iknf  W  ik* 


IMmM 


li»h 

r«k»  jraiila^  •«  m*«(Miio4 
tth  lfi«  aMi«ntRan«*«  tiU 
•  iCi«  mMC.  0..)ila  |m4m 
l«  |>f«f«r  MM  aiMfl  k«K««( 
lilr*  Mi4  MaiCM.  ••«•«•», 
-Um  RafAT* 


Ml  Tauai  IXiM,  pm». 
I,  Ma.  («4  Ml  «•« 

I,  la,  Ma.  i  «^ 
lag,  ata.  i  ar, 
I,  aM.  I  •».      . 

i,M,al«.  ,  tr, 


mmI  MiMr  rMi« 


wrvai.nni  i*  (Hat  thuM  ht  a 

iif  ihai  •Kwli  h>  ynmwl  ba- 
t  Mkttwiwn,  anrf  i«  auaiUy  la 
lad  psyOic  la  •••fjr  |mi4 
I  i>WM  ih>«i«i  «i»  .  oMur : 
«•.     t.  h  MMM        <>r  laMa 

n.»«  oT  tha  ih  -1  iraaml, 
_  isair  •>««  af  >•  m*iTtiiig  i*. 
I  }  It  mad  Ik  ii<mI«  a/a 
»  nay  nri'Mi  lari'Miaia.  4. 
of  <N«tfa<    >««,  and  not  le  a 

taaVATMH  »»   AHMlriiY 

Ma  W.,iliawt«|ar  MM  A. 


rONVCYAWClt. 


aM  rivaa  — •  faf*  mm  a  I      *•  ••♦•<Ula4  m  m  ka.  «»i«l»  (Wn  ii<Mtt«  ■/  . 

.Wa  M-ti         «.4a  ..  h...a  .,  -.JSa.  aiU  h,.   ,.".*..,  il.*..    -J? 


-  iMMiiili»a«ta. 

kag  aJ^Mivaiy  ^*iSM« 

■y«Tittit  <•»  MiMM.  ate. 
Nng^iiM*  tiM  MM  A.  m., 
MlitMM,  Ma,  MMia,  vr 

r  wnmm  fNtty  Mf%#fiaf  ka 
•  iMMa  tiawfcy  M«i»V>i 


•r 


•»  aM>«M,  aiMl  h.a    ,,,4   t>,alf   «*.....     ^,. 

.— \!tl»  ••  •'•»•'••»•"»•••  a«4  aiKa,  .aula, 
•'^-'.•f^.-ff.  "H  -'•»•.  .a«la-a,.f».  .ha 
fafcCTatl/tS. '."1  fc. .  w«.  k|«t  aatf  «M«*,,  a„j 

la  ataat  aM  aal  ii»  Aia  and  ^tit.,  .«,i  ,„.  „,, 
lar  <i«wn   rall>»a4a 


4'«*MI*«M  la 

faf  «k«  Uo      u 


■•••  c«««na 


A    <  •«**»  nMit*jr. 


*«  CovaaaMr^ 


(.'«*a«i 


^ _  „j  iia  nia  and  <tha,  ai 

<lll«a««  aiM  »•.»*.  and    ta   lar  iUw, 


'  ;■    ~"^ w-^w-       --^WT    MUM    aiHiwi 

,.__-- ;--.T- •"•'•'  •■••'•,  tf  Ilia  |i«<|*n**  «r  mor 
IHJK.'^r  •*•  i-ww^a  ar  MI4  la.i  i.  fo.  4a 
aai4  MMaM  af  mtaarala.  aM  gaaafaiiy  j»  au 
«lr.      113  ""*  ?'"••  '"^  »»M«fi„,  „  J  min 


l*»»-<ltOMI>MaMI, 
MII4  A    ■  .  i       Nlm^ 


^•'•Malf. 


'«■  la  ifca  rItMnai  w- 
PrwpMa4atwaM 


•Mf  *n  •tiua««4). 


KarMlUr  k«  ^fMlM  M  ^Mf(U  a#,  ar  wllhlo  — 

._.,  .-  Iha 
•aMiatani 


AM  »(«««4a4AMtiiari 

a«a«ala  *f  Um  raaa/a 


or  Ma  ar  ifcair  laauM  may 
•r  Ika  warhlac  af  aaM  mlb 


<«aM«aiNl 
Mtlaa  aai 
may  arMa 

Willi 


BM  A««Nnr.  AHMTKATIOI*  foSMt.  MM*. 


Saa  DaacaitneM Iv^i  to  CoHixnoM.,  abara. 


MMIUmmM 


»•»( 


CMH 


.1  J'ttTJiSS-^i.'iSf!?'*"?*  arilaad  la  a  auallKc*. 


SuMmioT^ 


•   "iMMei, 
Oa^tmidhlaif 


'iT"*J.*'    ""■     *»^»<'«  «o,"  o»  "  Ob  tfmdkleit  "  ate 
•-Oraaal.  OMm  Dtg.  m.  ,|||, ,.  ,,  | ,, 


An4ik«aai4..    .-     . 
m«a.  and  a>»mkntattai  <^'-''    ^vIIT^',!;'  « 

.h.aaldC   f.     I        "•:         3ta^*^J 

«<>VaM*MI         X„..«| 

AfMaaMaan     .fthaa„> 
hla  Mua,  4aa«      ,ia    and   . 
aavaioani,  aramiaa,  md  *trr 
M»l»  ar  ifta  aacond   aait    b., 
admlniatraln,*     and    aaal«t>« 
mada    dana,  «.,m.«m,d.    .„ 
mauar     ar    ihl.ig     whaiaoav, 
maana   whara«f  Tha  al»iv»  ai 
any  part  tharaaf,  now  ai  <    .■< 
anat.  aKall  at  may  Im   i,n|..- 
M«HaiM«a4  la  aay  mannar '^  se, 

.».-."t**i'*  •'•"•••'  haraby  cov. 
Iftal  ha  ^««  not  dona  ««  juffai*. 
aaavar  <^  ^araby  iha  una  of  iha  , 
MM  araniaa  tan  b*  randarad  lava 

tnvanAPtr    A.^imr  Im  uwm, , 
And  aald  (4>»  /,,,  ,»  ,4,  „„,  ^ 

bimaair  i<>, 
ora,  ar  admi> 
■iilaa,  an4  «-r 
■"<  pnri,  thai  ■< 

at  ha  waa  lawi, 

iM,  ar  an  aUalula  and 
latiarlMnca.  In  raa  Mmala, , 

pf  •RflMi.  Wllh  th*  aaeurtcnanaaai  lb. 


halra..  *a««- 

.  tarllh 

tdiniata- 

••a- 


>•« 

...I 

■  tat*, 

r,  »r  Nf 

mlaaa,  ar 

um*  '1  Jft- 

w 1*4, ir 

I  aad  a«r*«a 

«hMi|  twhal> 
«mla<i'«  la 

•  nnu  lad. 


(»r,  itwirihcra,  a'aat 

haraby  advanam,  p 
mM  itartjf  ar  tba  a« 


0?  lh«M  rf*Mnta  < 

il 

.  *R|ImI.  wiih  th*  •»»'. 

•r*  (,„.  .laar.  llaclaV^Ji.  and  unlni„,„l, 


bla  awn 
•Mai* 


Air- 

bla 

'la** 

with 

olivary 

<i<ad  In 

'••albl* 

I    nail 

ibad 

4ma 

■Jar 

)a*, 


•nd  r^am   all '  fermaV  » Tid    aihaV   arar.!*. 
obareM,  aatalaa.  J><d«m*nl*,  la***  aaaJaan 

!!'li'?."«..''« rl''  ••"aal  an4  7ar«var  .l.f.,„  ,iU 

I,  hi*  haira 

Bfa»  part. 

or  paraon* 

4^,_  ■  »  ™.™,„,  „  .„  tialm  Iha 

airiC^JZlEril^l^^t  "i  AawiwWTiAToaa. 

"*        -    —  .      "  it«a«utor,  •r, 

>«anani  with 

la  bair*  and 

baarvad  ttia 

«•    >iBt  MM~aaia7"'"~"  "  ""  "'"""  '"  ""''  '""" 

^t,  *••*  ^••«'««  •*  Iha  Mral  part  laaaruion  ar 
.?!?*???'.■*'**>'  ""X^^  aMtuCora.  and  a4miii. 


latr.  ,.r*  •^j-'^Jl.  ftarnVja.  aiM  m«*"  u  m"- 
'.  t^y.  *'.vt»  aMand  Mrt,  thai  D  D 
tvMt  aalaag  la  hla  bwii7i.i.'t  of .  "'  " 


with 
rilad 

ahavi 
lnr*r 
gram 
iaciii 


.wfuDj  ^Slaadita  hta7w-«'^h"l?r.  ,Ji 

Ami  -hf  SUTaTrf""'"!!"  AwU'AaCB. 

AIM  f-na  aaM  a.  B.  (party  harato),  far  hlmaolf  hla 

A.  B.,hlth«lra! 


awgoa  ttl  aaia  C.  D    hla  haira,  ax  e«Mtara.  ar  ad. 
at  all  Umaa  harMlUr.  aaaaula,  dr  .ver.  and 


bnowladga.orcauMlo 
Itarthar  anii  aihar  acM 
anccsla  law.AirthaM 


ha,  ate,  all  and  •v*ry*uch 
•altar  aaiurlng  nnta  mM  C. 


haMovajra^ 

ably  a4viaa«l  mad  r«4ulra4. 
That  I,  tk«  aald  ^TSl^aBd  all  pa^ana  h*rMrur 


r^ra,. 


30J 


CONV'EYANCES. 


■i\' 


f 


ll\ 


I 
«  1 

I 
I' 


•teimlnfl  undar  mt,  will  at  any  time  h«r«aft«r,  at 
tha  raquaat  and  axptnaa  of  uld  C.  D.,  hia  haira 
and  aaalgna.  mak*  all  auch  furthar  aaaurancaa 
for  tha  mora  alfactual  conveying  of  tha  aaid 
pramlaaa,  with  tha  appurtanancaa,  aa  may  ha 
raaaonably  raqulrad  by  him  or  tham. 

CovawAHT— Hu«a*HD  roa  Satr  and  Wira. 
And  tha  aaid  A.  B.,  for  hlmaalf,ate.,and  for 
and  <•'.>  bahalf  of  tha  aaid  W.,  hia  wifa,  and  har 
halra.  doaa  covanant,  ate. 

CoVlltAirT— JpiHT. 

And  aaid  A.  B.,  C.  D.,  and  B.  F.,  for  thamaalvaa, 
thair  aaacutora,  and  adminiatratora.do  covanant, 

•"• 

CovBNAHT— Joint  and  Sbviral. 

And  aaid  A.  B. ,  C.  D. ,  and  B.  F . ,  for  thamaalvaa, 
thaIr  haira,  aaacutors,  and  adminiatratora,  do 
Jointly  and  aavarally  covanant,  ate. 

CoviNANT— MimiAL— To  CoNvav,  arc. 

And  tha  aaid  C.  D.,  for  hhnaalf  and  hia  haira, 
aaacutora  and  adminiatratora,  doaa  covanant, 
promiaa  and  agraa,  to  and  with  A.  B.,  hia  haira 
and  aaalgna,  that  ha  will  pay  aaid  A.  B.,  hia  halra 

atid  aaalgna,  tha  aum  of daUata,on  tha  -— - 

4ay  6f naat,  and  in  eonaldaration  thereof  tha 

aaid  A.  B.,for  hlmaatf,  hia  heira,  executor*  and 
admlnUtratora,do«a  covenant,  promlae  and  agree 
to  and  with  tha  eald  C.  D.,  hia  hair*  and  aaajgna, 
that  he  will  mahe  and  execute  to  the  aaid  C.  D.. 
hia  halra  and  aaaUna,  a  good  and  aufflclent  deed 
of  ( inharlwnce,  in  iSa  timpla,  «■  fiktrv/ii*,  it*  ikt  (»tt 
m.iy  *»),  upon  the  payment  of  the  aaid  aum  aa 
aforeaaid. 

Ojvbmakt— Powaa  to  Cohv«t. 

That  aaid  party  of  tha  flrat  part  (or  that  wM  A. 
B),  at  the  time  of  the  execution  (or  jaaling)  and 
delivery  of  theae  preaanta  haa  good  right,  fuU 
power,  and  Uwfkil  authority  to  grant,  bargain, 
aall  and  convey  the  aame  in  tha  manner  aforeaaid. 

CovBKAirT— Quirr  KNjoTMXirr. 
That  aaid  A.  B.,ibr  himaalf  and  hia  haira,  ex- 
acutora  and  admbuatratara,  doaa  coyenant.prom- 
laa  and  agree,  to  and  with  eald  C.  O.  (or  •J'a.  P«f "r 
of  the  tecond  part),  hi*  helra  and  aaalgna,  ahall  and 
may  at  all  timea  hereafter  peaceably  and  quietly 
have,  hold,  uaa,  occupy,  ppaaeea  and  enjoy  the 
above  granted  premlaee  and  every  part  and  par- 
eel  thereof,  with  the  appurtanancaa,  without  any 
rcatraint,  auit,  action  or  diaturbance  from  aaid 
A.  B.  (or  «ald  party  of  tha  flnt  pert),  hia  haira,  etc., 
or  any  other  peraon  or  paraona  lawhilly  claiming 
or  to  claim  the  aame. 

CoviNANT— Siitin. 
That  aaid  party  of  tha  farat  part  (or  ihM  mid  A. 
B.).  at  the  time  of  the  exaeution  (or  M«lmg)  and 
dalivery  of  theae  preaentt  ia  lawfully  aaliad  in 
hie  own  rinht  (tr  Mhtrmif,  ntlkt  etu*  may  *r).  of  a 
good,  abeoluM,  and  iadafeaaible  ntataof  inher- 
rtance,  in  fee  aimple,  of  and  in  all  and  aingular 
the  above  granted,  pramiaea,  with  the  appurte- 
naneea  (if  fomtftd t»ki*<*  *»  imeumbrmnctt,  tic,  tay 
vJajtcX  H  aforcuM). 

COVBNANT— S«VB«Al. 

And  tB*  aaid  A,  B.,  C  D.,  B.  F.,  and  O.  H.,  for 
themaeWea,  aavarally  and  raapactively,  and  twt 
their  aaveral  and  raapectiva  helra,  executora,  and 
admlniatrctora  (and  not  JolnUy,  or  the  wie  for  the 

other,  or  uthcn),  do  covenant  with  aaid ,  Ilia 

haira  and  aaalgna,  that,  etc. 

COVBNAWT— WAaaANTT. 

S«e  CovBNAKr  Aoainit  iNcuMaaANca*,  above. 

ve|rMie«k 

Signed  (and  lealedf);  or. 

Signed,  aaaled,  and  acknowledged  |  «r, 

Witneea  our  handa  (and  lealt') ;  »r, 

Oiveo  under  our  handa  (and  <cal»') :  or. 

f.t«inany  States  private '«e*h  arc  aboU^had.  Thh 
aoa»  not,  however,  utchide  the  Mali  of  corparMom. 


In  witnaaa  whereof,  wa  hereunto  eet  our  Itaada, 
etc. 1  or,  

In  witneea  whereof,  the  nartiea  to  theae  pre*- 
ante  have  hereunto  aat  their  handa,  ate. ;  or. 

In  witneea  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  aat  our 

hande  (and  afflxcd  our  Mais)  (at ),  thia day 

of ;  or,  

In  witneea  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  aet  our 
handa  {.»r  •ubtcrlbed  our  names),  tha  day  and  year 
Arat  (or  last)  above  written ;  or. 

In  witneaa  whereof,  A.  B.,  the  party  of  the  Aral 
part,  and  C.  D.,  tha  party  of  the  aacend  part,  m 
their  own  proper  peraona,  have  hereunto  reaDect- 
Ively  and  aeverally  aat  their  handa  and  aaahi,'thl» 

day  of (or  the  day  and  year  Aral,  or  last) 

above  written. 

StSMklHr*  («M«  BmiI*')  In  D««dto  MMl 
'    OIlMtr  C*av«jr«M«Mk 

When  a  parson  acts  In  a  repreMnMtIv*  capacity,  he 

miHi  sign  In  thai  capacity :  ihiis.  If  A.  R.  is  adaunis- 

iraior,  he  must  sign  A.  R.,  AJiuinitlrattr. 

iSlgiuJ)       A.  B. 

CoaroaATioN  SiONATt'aa. 

See  CoNVBVANCB*— CoaroBATioN*,  post. 

PARTHBaaHiP  sioNATvaes  in  eonvevanccs  affecting 
leal  estate  or  any  iniemi  ihareln  should  never  be  by  the 
firm-name.  Each  aiembcr  of  the  p*nnar«hip  mutt 
sign  his  own  name  hlauelf,  or  alMgiva  special  aulhoniy 
to  another  lo  sign  It.    See  lid*  PaaTMBBSHir,  pea. 

RiraasBirrATiVB  and  ihdividoal  aicMATvaas  may 
be  as  follows,  adding  tha  seal  or  scrawl  (wroO)wbea  it  is 
raqtuied  by  law.' 

kit  AUtnuf  iu  Kt€t.  (&*/.'| 

A.X  ■. 

■srk. 

A.  R.,  AJmlnlitr»l0r.  " 

A.  X.,  AJmimiilnUrUi.  " 

B.  X.,  Ejittular.  " 
B.  X.,  Bjttcutrlx.  " 
O.  N.,  Ctmrtlltim.  " 
n.r.,  Sitrfjr.  - 
T.  T.,  Tituitt.              -.    ■  .   - 

AUtntmttmm  vr  Wlta«Mi  CImsim*  la 

I»M«to  Mi«l  Oilier  CWNVCJTMtMS. 

Teat;  or,  

Atteat;  or,  ^ 

In  witneaa ;  or, 

Witneaaea ;  or. 

In  preeenca  of;  or. 

Executed  (and  delivered)  In  preaanea  ofs  «r,  - 

Signed  and  interchanged  in  preaanea  of;  er. 

Signed,  aealad',  and  delivered  In  preaenc'e  of  i  •r. 

Signed,  aealad',  and  acknowladgad  In  preaaaM 
of:  ____ 

ArTasTATioN— EaAH'aas  oa  iNTBauNBATHw*. 

(Signed,  «ealcd<^r  axacuied)and  delivered  by  the 
abmnior  within  named  A.  a,  the  word*  '•  (*r»v 
«M»»  Hem)"  having  been  previaueiy  loterliaed  for 
cnsed)  in  the  elxtb  and  aavanth  linea  of  tha  Stst 
page,  in  tha  preaenc*  of 

(5*W)      ^^-     

In  witnaaa  whereof,  the  aaid  party  of  tha  Srat 
part  haa  bereunte  aat  Ma  hand  and  aeal,  the  day 
and  year  Brat  above  written. 


CONVEYANCES. 


if,  w«  hanranto  Mt  our  hwido. 


af,  th«  MrttM  to  ihaM  prt*- 
Mt  thtir  hands,  tu. ;  *t, 

at,  w*  hav«  hMVunto  Mt  our 

ur  Matt)  (at ),  thM day 


sf,  w«  have  htnunto  Mt  our 
I  our  name*),  tha  day  and  ytar 
writtan ;  vr, 

of,  A.  B..  tha  party  oftha  Aral 
I  party  of  tha  aacond  part,  ii^ 
iraona,  hava  haraunto  raamct- 
wt  tbair  handa  and  Mala,'thlk 
th«  day  and  yaar  Ant,  tfr  last) 


yn 


*  n^tW)  In 

I  In  •  r«pr«MnUllva  capacity,  he 
iclty  i  Ihua,  If  A.  R.  It  adaunu- 
.  R.,  A4ml»Mrmttr. 
XtuJ)       A.  B. 

ATIOM  SiGNATCRB. 

cat— CoaroRATiom,  poit. 

ATvaas  in  conveyance*  affecting 
l^t^llhertln  thould  never  be  by  the 
imnbcr  of  tha  pannerthlp  mini 
ueir.or  aliagivatpaclal  aulhoruy 
See  tide  PARTMaatHir,  pou. 
MD  iMotviDOAL  iicMATvaaa  may 
be  leal  or  acrawl  (wroO)  whaa  It  it 

kit  AU»rtu»  im  fi»rt.  [Sm/.I 

■ark. 

.  n.,  AJmMtlrmtfr.  " 

.  X.,  AdmimhlrtUrUt.  " 

,  X.,  SxttiUar.  - 

.  X.,  EjnculrU.  " 

.  N.,  Ctmrtlkm.  ** 

r.,aktrijr. 

,  T.,  TWato*.  *• 

r  WltaMM  ClNmwn  !■ 
Olkcr  C'wavcjriiMMa. 


ilvered)  In  praaanca  of;  ••%  - 
ehaogad  in  praMnea  of}  fr, 
ind  dativsrod  in  praaatiea  of  i  vr, 
tnd  acknowladgad  In 


IAM'RB«  Oa  f  MTCKUItBATKim. 

r  emcuted)  and  dalivarad  Iqr  the 
lamad  A.  B.,  tha  worda  '•  (4/» 
baan  pravionaly  iotarltaad  i*r 
and  aavanth  UnM  of  tha  Brat 
icaof 


aof,  tha  aald  party  of  tho  llrat 
aatMa  hand  and  aaal.thaday 
rawrittan.  .  .-„., 


.r^Thl  .si^iKf'  -'^^hT  •»•«"«•<•  "nd  dally. 
trcd  by  tha  abova-namad  A.  B.  (four  worth  belna 
•rated  on  the  third  page)  in  tha  praaenca  of,  ate. 

Or  rtw^  (Slaned,  taaled-tfr  e««cu«d)  and  deHv- 
•rtd  by  tha  aLova-namad  A.  B.  (ihe  name  K.  I. 

1)  In  Ul#  pf#i 


pige 


I  proMnaa,  ate 


SIcnad.  aaalad,  and  dalivarad  in  tha  praaaaca 

wiiroa,    M  ilie  lame  more  or  leia,'   written  over  an 

"""irii.""  '»•  ••eo"'*  P»««.  the  word.  " or  attignt," 

"""' W  '■  v^T  ?•""•  "**  '^  "o*^  '•  forth  Jiih" 
cincclled  on  the  thlid  page,  before  executloa). 

AfTaaTATloN— Blind  PBaariK, 
„  .  <y  lk*£xttutl»H  (/• «  Iiu4. 

MtmtrmmAim.    Tho  above  wrtttan  laslramant 

waa  Mf  nad.  a«iM.  and  daUvarad  by  tha  above. 

nainad  A.  8.,  and  ha  being  bUnd,  tha  aama  wao 

Arat  earafunyand  dalibaralaly  raad  ovartohim^ 

in  tha  prMtnco  of  m. 

ATTBtTATIOM— DBA*  AHO  DintB  PbRSON. 

(\'  1M4  SjmmtitH  ^  m  Dttd  if. 
Ntmtr4,ni»m.    Tha  abova  written  inatrument 
r.»J2"ll*^***'1?'"^  daHvared  »f  tha  above! 

h^,1"i_  Jf  fwlng,  tha  aama  waa  llrat  read  over 
.Y.  ini^'i*  S?  *y?*^  parfcotly  to  undaratand 
the  aama.  In  tho  praaanca  of  ua,  ate 

^■"JpTATHm— ItLrrB«ATB  PRaSON. 

WthtSxttMim^a  Dttdtf. 

ninurmmftm.    Tha  abova  written  inatrument 

r:.»d*lS^fc'*^'  *"*  •••"y«rad  T.y  tha  within! 

owrJtiiJiLiJ.^*  ""^  '^?«  P^'vlou^ly  read 
owar  to  him  la  tho  proMnaa  of,  ate. 

ATTfcrrATioit— PowBR  OF  ArroBMBT. 
/ei      ^      (y»  Ditd  MxtniHl  Miltr. 
iSiT*'  ""T^l  ♦*■•  •««»«•««)  "nd  dalivarad  by  tha 

oamod  A.  B.,  In  tha  praMnco  of,  ate, 

f>f*Dtti.BxKmlHll9^^tlul^rtitMinkb,wm 

,^,.J^^',*r'-*^^»»rn*,^AnMJktr. 

(Signed,  tcajed.  «r  executed)  and  dalivarad  by  tha 

■bova-namwl  A.  B.  with  ^la  own  nama  aMI  aa 

hia  own  act  and  daad,  and  altarwarda,  aa  tha 

**}S^i:'^:!^^  **>•  "•"••  ••>«>  •■  tha  Vet  and 
•••^  •»  tha  abova-namad  C.  a,  by  virtua  of  tha 
tuthoilty  ihran  to  him.  tha  aalk  X.  B/.  for  that 

the  aald  C  D.  to  him,  tha  aald  A.  B.,  and  whieh 
»  abova  rocitad.  In  tha  praaanca  of,  ate. 

•■•BV  BBBB  IKMUm. 

CoirmVAIWB-CNAMCBtUMI  KBMT't  DbBD. 

ThU  form  h  givea  by  Chwicdlor  Kent  at  luOclent  to 
convjv  M  abMCta  &a  fa  any  part  of  the  U.liad  St..»  . 

—I'AA  'R  «»?«Mw«tfoB  of dollara.  to  ma 

P'Wby  t  D.,  do  banain  and  aaU  to  C.  6.  (and 

Wtnwa  my  hand  and  aaal,  ate. 

rar  fcrm  of  AcKMowtaociiaira,  tea  that  Utla. 
•    A  —CotnrarAnca— CAUBonmA  Dbbd. 
..i'  .A'  cot  to  C.  D.  all  that  raal  prooarty 

Domdad  («r,  daacrtlMin  aa  foUowa  t 

Wltnar^mjrhaiidtfcia day  of .  A.  B. 

ror  nna  of  Acknowuioombnt,  Me  that  title. 
COHvavAMcn-IimfANA  Dbbd. 
A.  B,  eonvays  and  warranta  to  C.  D.  (dticriMlam 
W^JJf  f»»itt!itM  tha  aum  or!-!:      »*""*'*■ 

WitaoM  my  haad  and  aaal  Uria day  of . 

s    ^       . .  A.  B.    [uAi.,  I 

ror  fcm  of  AcunowLBDCMCirr,  Me  that  title. 

.iw**"  ^  bM«aln,aell.aBd  grant  unto  C.  D. 
wjwT"^  ****      ^"^  '*^'**^*  «•' 


_     „        t'OWCI  OKRD  TOKMB. 

See  N«w  YoNK,  PRHmvLVANiA, and  the  varloua other 
state  rurmt,  anie. 

oBBiBmAi.  »■■•  roRMin. 

For  oiherOanaaAL  Forme,  tee  ihe  variout  Sutet.anla. 

Know  all  man  by  thcM  praMota :  «r, 
*J.      eonvayanca  («r,  deed,  »r,  indenture),  mada 
tW* — -Jfyof .witnaaaath: 

-~31*-1:j  Ji".''  TTl.'*  ••'•"•"••trator  of  tho 
gooda  and  aetata  which  were  of  D.  D.,  lata  of 

irThilKSifr'i '".*■!••'*••  being  dulv  empowered 

in  title  behalf  by  the court,  for  the  — .  cireuil 

l#r,  wttrtci),  at  — ,  In county,  in  pureuanco 

2f  ?!.?••"  P»blie  auction,  and  in  conSlderat"w 

of  the  eum  of  - — ,  to  me  paid  by  B.  P.,  of . 

(•••»  »"  'h;  l>t«h«;  bidder  at  tatd  mI.  for  tL  etuie 
.M  k??!r  *««'<b«l).  the  rMoipt  whereof  (#r,  of 
wiVii  <•  Jweby  aehnowledge,  do  hereby  grant, 
bargain,  aell,  anil  convey  unto  eald  E,  P.,  hie 
heire  and  aadana  fbrever,  a  parcel  of  land  altuate 

IS.":;:^*"""'?';.""*  ■••••  •' •  bounded  and  de- 

JJf^bed^"  wUowe,  to  witt  (*#«/«//•*,  ilkt  4r. 

.i.T?if *X*  •"'  *2  •'•''*■  ■••*  P""**' »'  •■«««.  with 
thewivllegea  andapptirtenancee  thereof,  to  the 

i-ft '..•"*•  S?^  £"*  "••«>«•  forever, 
»    io.'v"i"  ••W  A.  R..  do  covenant  with  aald  B, 

,*  U"  #"?*'•  ^""I  ■••««"•  (That  taid  D.  D.  died 
Miied  oftha  abo\-e  grafted  premltcfk):  that  I  am 
duly  empowered  to  convey  the  name  to  the  aaM 
B.  P,,aaaforaeald:  that  I  hava  in  all  thingaol^ 

HSuTViy  ISl!'.'?''  ,'J"»*y«"  "f  the  law  iS  aaid 
aaia:  and  that  I  Will,  and  my  heire,  eRecutora. 
and  adminlatratore  ehall.  warrant  anij  defVnd  uTo 
eama  unto  the  eaid  B.  if.,  hia  heire  and  uaigM. 
egalnai  all  pereone  claiming  the  aam^byTfrSm 
or  under  the  eald  D.  D.,  or  me,  the  eald  A.  R 
but  agalnet  BO  other  perim*.'  *   *' 

fc.-.tT'lIf*'".wi'.""»''  i  ^•^  hereunto  eet  my 

hand  (and  teal)  thie day  of (#r,  the  day  and 

year  first  above  wriium).       '    A.  R.,  [.XJi..] 

_     ,  ,  .  Admluhtrmltr. 

For  lorm  of  AcKNOWLRMWBirr,  tec  that  title. 

C«Mv«yMi««-A4linlMMMit*r  D*  Boaia 

mth  tkr  mU Ann*Ji*d~S*tltHg/»rtk  Ordirimt 

m      ..  .  Lnglk. 

To  all  to  whont  ttoM  preeento  ahall  coma,  A. 
?/'."if- — •  ^''•"'ntotrator  with  tha  will  annexed 
wi.?'v  v*"*"*"  ■?*  obattela,  righu  and  crediu. 
which  have  not  been  admlnlataNd,  and  of  which 

iiP;*  '"•  •' •  *oe«»ad,  Mnda  grMUng :  #r. 

— —  day  of  — — ,  by  A.  R.,  admlnlatrator  of  tho 
eaUM  and  affecu  of  D.  D,.  deceaaed,  wlueaaath  t 


[now  aU  man  by  theaa  proMnta: 
"hereaa,  tha court,  holden  at ,  la  ■ 


'ttMaa  the  feUowlag  eignatuta  and  aaal. 

Var  feim  ef  Ackhowubombut,  im  that  tida.'' 

m^  Kent  Cemm.  «&  It  it  amtalncd  by  19  N.  H. 
4S;!  I  Maat.  ei9i  MMitt.  il;  »]  Grutt.  6$j:  e  Danal 
n.    k-AcevaaaotorthlaaoAa^taeiM^leeaMrad 


Kn 

■J.'**.^ — i*":*"'  •".  f>« day  of ,  upon  ap! 

plication  duly  made  by  A.  P.,  granteif  aVordw 
I-' Jfc!?  iSir  'i!?*I"  "«•  Pwpirty  of  eald  D,  a 

of^:^^'r«Kr;ry^n':  tei'dWainis; 

awom.aad  upon  due  neUce,  valuation,  and  ap- 

K5lS?!?V  •••^J"!?  ^  "!?  ■>•'*•  "  public 
auction  tft  B.  P.  of  the  heralaafter  granted  prcm. 

lS2l2*i  **^A  iS»«  if  Pt"  »'>  »•»'  PwmiMB  de- 
aeribod  la  aald  order,  for  the  eum  of  - —  dollara, 
he  b^  the  higheat.  bidder  therefor,  returnee/ 
which  «vaa  thereupon  AiUy  made  to  a^td  court : 
And  whereas,  upon  anamination  of  aaid  returaa 

and  lega%p  made,  and  lUrly  conducted,  and  that 
fi!  SSS.?*  "^  •?  *W»J»ortlonal  {«-.  exceeded 
two-third*  (#r,  ihrM-fcuithtJ  theappniied  value  theie- 
?  /  *'>>*■•.■«•«""  «•»"  'fc*  'bove  mm  cannot  be  ob- 

Uioed),  aald  court  did,  on  the day  of . 

make  an  order  eotillrmlilK  eald  eala,  and  directtng 
a  conveyance  (er.  deed,  etc. )  to  be  executed,  which 
order  la  In  the  words  and  flgurea  foUowlu(Ar>» 

Into  by  the  adminiitralor.  Tt  h  Miflc'cm  thai  be  con- 
vey the  property  told,  aad  covenant  only  ftr  Ua  owa 

ACM.  ' 


f 


CONVEYANCES. 


New,  thcrrtfera  (Vnow  yc  ik*!)  I,  A.  R.,  by  virtu* 
•f  IM  powir  mad  authotity  in  m*  vwMd  ■■  arert- 

Mid,  and  in  conaid«ratt«n  of  tha  aum  of dol- 

laia  M  ma  paid  by  aaid  B.  P.,  th*  racaipt  (or  which, 
0r)  wharaaf  ia  haraby  aelinewladgad,  do  haraby 
grant,  bargain,  aall  and  conviyuntu  aaid  B.  P.. 
Ria  haira  and  aaaigns,  forav  ^r,  all  i  ktrt/oilmvt  tkt 
^ittrMhm  ^  tk» frtmittt  femttwdt. 

To  nava  and  to  bold  tha  anova-grantad  ortm- 
laaa  to  tha  aaid  X.  P.,  hia  baiia  and  aaaigna,  for- 


»..  .r 


MMt.Tn 


And  I,  tha  aaid  A.  R.,  for  myaatf,  my  haiia,  ai- 
/Mii«era,and  wlminlatratora.do  haraby  covanant, 
promtaa  and  agra*  with  aaid  B.  P.,  hia  haira  and 
•aaigna,  that  in  pitfaiwnca  of  (ha  otdar  aforaaaid 
I  teob  tha  aatb,  gava  bond,  and  publie  notica, 
and  mada  tha  aaia  and  daa  raturn  tharaof  aa 
abova  aat  Ibrth,  and  In  all  thinga  bava  obaarvad 
tha  raauiiamanta  of  tha  law  and  aaid  ordar  in 
Mid  aala* 

In  witaaaa  wharaof,  I,  tha  aaid  A.  R.,aa  admin> 
iattmtor  albraaaid,  hava  harannto  aat  my  hand 

(aad  Mai)  tlila day  of (or  the  day  mid  year 

Htm  abova  wrliMn)^  A.  R.,         \St«t  | 

AdminiitnOmr. 

{AUtiU^hm  wttn  tuttttmiy.) 

Por  fona  of  AcKMOWkdiuHaMT,  Ma  thai  till*. 

'CMiV«piui«*— A«liMlii2»lrMl«r*a  l»c«^. 

ttttn  lntttl»lt  hut  Cmlrnelfd  /«  Catnty 
To  all  to  whom  thaaa  nraaanta  ahall  C3«n*,  -.  i.  . 
(<M  la  tkt  ukmn/trmY    Or, 
Thia  convayanaa,  ate.  (»»t»tkt  uhtm  /*«■»»), 

Wharaaa,tha  aaid  D.  D.,  In  hia  lifatina,  tind  (oi. 
or  about  ih«  —  day  of—),  by  a  contraat  txsairing 
data  tha  —  day  nf  — ,  agraad,  to  and  with  B. 
— ,  to  aall  and  eonvay  to  him,  hia  haira 
ana,  foravar,  tha  prawaa*  baraiaaftar  da- 

JO,  in  conaldarttttoa  of  tha  paymant  by  aaid 

B.P.ef^thaa(imof doltara ;  bntaaid  D.  D.  diad 

Intaatata,  without  parfarming  aaid  rantmet ; 

And  wbaraaa,  at  tha  — ~  tarm  of  Jt* court, 

holdan  at .  In  — ,  npon  tha  application  of 

— — ,  aaid  court  did.  on  th* day  or ,  ordar 

aaid  adminlatrator  to  carry  Into  amct  tha  tarma 
and  condltlona  *l  tfild  contract : 

Now,  tharalbra  (know  yc  that),  by  vtrtuo  of  tha 
authority  and  ordar  aferaaald,  and  la  purauanca 
of  th*  t*rma  aad  condltiona  of  aaid  contract,  on 
tha  part  of  aaid  D.  D.  to  b*  parfwmad,  and  ia 
eonaidaratloa  of  th*  paymant  to  ma  of  aaid  aum 

of dollar*  by  aaid  K  P..  and  tha  pailbrmanca 

and  f.aillmant  of  all  thlaga  la  th*  *boTO>namad 
coatract  en  hia  part  to  bo  parformad,  I,tll*aald  A. 
R.,  da  haraby  grant,  bargain,  aall  and  convey 
unto  aaid  B.  P. ,  Kla  haira  aad  aaaigna,  forever,  the 
nld  {hft  Mlmv»»ilt»crifti»m  ^ftktprtmtm),  with 
the  appurtenancaa. 

To  nave  aad  to  held  the  iame  ante  the  aaM  B. 
P..  hia  helra,  to  hie  and  their  nee  forever. 

In  witaeaa  whereof,  etc. 
Por  fom  of  AcKMOWLUooMeirr,  laa  that  till*. 

Oiiytyf^   A<— iiiNlwtltf  »wa<. 

mtk*Rt<H*i. 

To  an,  etc  («<  AmAwr j^m).  Or, 

Thla  c«mve)fance,  etc  (mthttht  atmitffnm\ 

Whereaa,  tiie  .^ —  caatt,  |tt  tta term,  haidea 

at  — .  la  — — ,  OB  the  —  day  of ,  did  em- 
power and  order  me  to  aaU.aaa  to  make,eaecuta 
and  deUver  good  aad  auAclent  d*«da,  conveying 
ao  much  of  uie  real  aetata  of  the  aaid  lateetau  aa 

abeuld  amouat  to  the  aum  of doUara,  for  tha 

payment  of  the  Juat  debte  of  aaid  IntOMate.  with 
ttie  actual  and  nfcaaaaiy  incidental  coata  and 
chargaa: 

And  whereaa,  havliw  giv*»  the  bond  aad  taken 
the  oath  requ<red  by  taw.  and  given  public  aotKO 
of  the  time  and  place  of  the  aala  of  the  real  aetata 
herelnaftar  daacribed  (by  an  atlvcrttMnicpi  ihcivof 
publlalMd  (nr  —  oan<ccu.iv«  waalui,  lic|iimliig  on  the 
—  day  of  — ^,  m  the  ——  ncwkpiipair,  pobliMicd  ami 
of  gcactal  ciiailalion  in  ——  coumy  I,  I  have  aetd  aaid 

real  estate  to  B.  P.,  of ,fer  the  earn  of— — 

donate,  which  wa*  tiie  higbeat  aum  ted  tbarefbr 
at  the  public  aala  thereof  oa  the  —  day  of — , 
at— ,la-^: 
Mow,  theiefitre,  etc  {mt  m  Vi*  mfd^rtcnUtit 


C«Nv«>yMMr#— AealsMM^Mt  mt  Itrfil. 

Sm  litlri  AmiiiMMaNr  and  C  'iNrHACia,  anlt. 

<'*ittr*yiiH<t»— Allmrnry  In  Vmmt, 

fi«t  lurmo  In  vaiiou*  Sial**,  aut*. 

Thla  convayanca  i«>-dcc(l,  cit;  i,  mad*  thla  — 

day  of ,  by  A.  B.,  of ,  of  tha  Arat  pait,  by 

A.  A.,  hia  altornay  In  fact.*  to  C.  0.,or ,  ol 

tha  accond  part,  witnaaaath : 

That,  ate.  I««  /«  tht  »r>im<itji  /»rmt). 

In  witnaaa  whereof,  aaid  party  of  tha  flift  pait 
haa  hereunto,  by  A.  A.,  hia  attorney  in  fact,  itr 
hie  hand  ^aml  leal),  tha  day  and  year  llrat  above 
written.  A.  ■.,  tf  A.  A., 

Mh  AUtrmtf  m  fmii. 

Or  the  rnllowina  may  be  nuballlulad : 

In  witneaa  whereof,  aaid  A.  A.,  in  purauanca  of 
tha  letttr  of  attorney  nereunto  attacnad  (»r  acopy 
of  which  in  hcrtiimo  attached  |,  bearing  data  tha  — 

day  of „haa  hereunto  eat  tha  hand  (and  wall 

of  nia  aaid  principal  (thia day  of  — — ),  on  tha 

day  and  year  lirat  above  written. 

K.B.,t,A.A, 
kh  Altvmtf  Im  fmit. 
For  rorm  cf  AcmiowLBoaMairr,  ace  lliat  title. 

Ttia  following  may  be  Inaertcd  at  the  *  if  deairabfe; 

'Specially  conatituted  by  power  of  attorney, 

bearing  daie  Uia day  of ,  and  recorded  in 

the  olnce  ibr  the  raccrding  of  daada  in  —  county, 

State  of ,  in  deed  booli  — ,  page  — -,  aa  by 

reftrenca  thereunto  had  appattre. 

<?«MV«yMitM»— ■•Mtl  Mir  Dae*. 

Sec  tida  BoKua,  anta. 

CMBvayaM^*— <'MMiNiaalMi«ra*  Bacil. 

0»  Snh  in  ihtrllthm. 

Thia  deed  («r  induitun).  made  thia  —  'lay  of 

,  A.  D. ,  between  C.  O.,  of ,  In  the 

county  of ,  and  Btata  of ,  M.  ■.,  of  the 

aame  place,  and  R.  ■.,  of ,  in  aaid  county,  of 

the  Arat  part,  to  S.  P.,  of aforaaaid,  of  the 

aacond  part. 

Wbaraaa,  In  proeaedlnga  duly  taken  and  had  in 

the court  of ,  by  and  batwaen  P.  A.,  R. 

T.,  and  N.  N.,  far  tha  partition  and  divMen  of 
certain  pTemiaaa  mentioned  In  the  petition  in  aaid 
prscaedinga,  according  to  tha  reapactlve  rtehu 
of  the  partiea  intareatad  therein,  or  ibr  a  aala  of 
auch  pramiaea.  If  partltloa  tharaof  could  not  be 
mada  without  pnjudica  to  the  owner*,  purauanl 
to  the  atatute  relating  to  tha  partltloa  of  lania 
owned  by  aaveral  peraona.  It  was  by  the  aaid 
court  ordered,  adjudged  and  decreed,  mr  an  arder 
made  on  the  — —  day  of  — — ,  at  — — ,  that  a  aala 
of  the  Mid  premtawa  ahauld  be  made  in  order  to 
a  divlaton  of  the  proceeda,  according  to  the  aaveral 
righta  aad  lotareata  of  the  aaid  partlMi  and 
thereupoa  to  make  auch  partition,  the  partMa  of 
tha  trit  part  to  thaM  praaanta  being  ^uaMed, 
were,  by  the  aaid  conrt,  appriatai 


i; 

And  wbaraaa,  such  proceedlnge  were  aHer- 
warda  had  la  the  aaid  court  upoa  the  Mid  peti- 
tion, that  the  aaid  cemmiaaioiieia  ao  appolatad, 
aa  awfaMid,  were,  by  a  rule  of  aaid  court,  ordered 
and  directed  to  eeU  the  Mid  pramlaM,  with  the 
inrteaanem,  at  public  anctloa,  to  the  higheat 

der;  gMag  aooM,  accordiag  to  law,  oT  tha 

time  aad  place  of  auch  mI*  ;  and  that  they  a^uld 


make  report  tharMf  to  the  Mid  conrt ; 

Aad  wlteroM,  the  Mid  commiaaleneni,  putaaant 
to  the  aaid  order  and  diractloa,  alter  giving  pub- 
lic notice  of  the  time  aad  iriaM  of  encli  aaie,  did, 
on  the  — -  day  of  — ,  A.  D.  — •,  at  — ,  la  — , 

la  Mid  county  of ,  eapoM  to  mIo  at  public 

auction,  an  aad  aingabir  the  aaid  premiaM,  with 
the  appurtanaacM ;  at  which  aala  (a  pan  of)  the 
Mid  premiaM  hereinafler  deaeribed  ware  Mid  to 
tha  aaid  party  af  the  aacond  part  fbr  tha  aum  of 
— :  a^lara,  that  being  the  highest  aum  Ud  fat 
the'eame ; 

Aad  whereM,  the  proceedlnge  of  the  aaid  com- 
miesiencre  In  the  premiM*  were  duly  reported 
to  the  Mid  court,  and  the  aala  approved  and 

conA»mad,  on  the day  of ,  aa  by  tha  rac- 

orda  of  tha  aaid  court  mor*  Ailly  appaars;  and 
the  aaid  commiaaiesera  ware  thereupon,  by  an 
order  of  aaid  court  then  made,  directed  to  eae- 
«Htf  tpt^fMid  patter  of  |h«  fecond  part  ac«» 


iMixr  mul  C  'iHTMALii,  milf . 

x— AltifrM^jr  IH  rmmt. 

In  VIII  iou*  SuHii,  •III*. 

(urilectl,  ca.i,  mad*  this  — 
B.iOf ,  o(  lh«  flrkt  p«it,  by 

In  fact.*  to  C.  D.,  of  - — ,  ol 
ItnaaMlh : 
4/  uTiiiHitty  /»rmt). 
lof,  aald  party  of  tha  flitt  pait 
\.  A.,  hia  attornty  In  fact,  ut 
tha  day  and  ytar  flrat  abovt 
h.%.,hA.A., 
kit  AlUriUf  im  Jiiiul. 
ly  ba  nulMlllirtMl : 
of,  said  A.  A.,  in  purauanca  of 
■yhnraunto  attacnad(«raco|ir 

aiiiichedi,  baaring  data  tha 

iraunto  aat  tha  hand  (anduuli 

il  (ihia day  of ),  on  tha 

ibova  wrlttan. 

h.n.,tyA.A, 
hit  AHomty  In  Fait. 
NOwiiDOMaNT,  M«  thai  litk. 
be  jnaertert  at  tha  *  ir  dciirabta: 
Itutcd  by  powtr  of  attomay, 

—  day  or ,  and  racordad  in 

xrdtoff  of  daada  In county, 

ad  boob  ,  paga  — ,  aa  by 

)  had  appatua. 

tide  BuMua,  anta. 
('•MMNhMtoliOtS*    Svctl. 

Ih/r  ht  ntrtiti0H. 

Icmura).  mada  thia  —  lay  of 

atwaan  C.  O.,  of ,  In  tha 

d  tuta  of ,  M.  S.,or  tha 

.  8.,  of—,  in  aald  county,  of 
L  P.,  of aforaaaid,  of  tha 

laadlnga  duly  takan  and  had  in 
— ,  by  and  batwaan  P.  A..  R. 
tha  piartltlon  and  dlvMon  of 
antloncd  In  tha  patitloa  In  aaid 
rding  to  tha  roapactlva  righta 
raatad  tharain,  or  for  a  aalo  of 
partition  tharaof  could  net  ba 
udica  to  tba  ewncta,  purauant 
iting  to  tha  partitton  of  laada 
paraona.  It  waa  by  tha  aaid 
idgad  ana  daeraad,  Sp  an  ardar 
lay  of  <— ,  at  —— ,  Oiat  •  aat* 
•a  ahouM  ba  mada  tn  or4ar  to 
leaada,  ascerdlng  to  tha  aovaral 
ita  of  tha  aaid  partiaa;  and 
I  aueb  partition,  liia  partioa  of 


CONVEYANCES. 


d  eonrt,  npprlnti 

lueh  procaodinga  wara  nftar- 
a«M  court  upon  Um  aaM  pati- 
commiaaiOBafa  ao  appelMad, 
by  a  mla  of  aaM  court,  ordarad 
U  tba  aaid  nraniaaa,  with  tha 
public  uoction,  to  tba  higbaat 
MO,  according  to  law,  M  tha 
luch  aat* ;  and  that  thay  a^Muld 
if  to  tba  aald  court; 
I  aald  commiaaioiiani,ptttuiMnt 
Dd  dlraction,  aftar  giving  pub- 
aa  and  placa  of  aucli  anw,  did, 
— ,  A.  D.  — — ,  at  •— ,  In  — , 
— ,  axpooa  to  aala  at  pubUc 
igubir  tho  aaid  pramlaoo,  with 
>:  at  which  aala  (a  pan  of)  tha 
linaftar  daacribait  wara  aold  to 
bo  aacond  part  fbr  tha  aum  of 
loing  tha  Mghaat  aum  bid  for 

■  procaadlnga  of  tba  aald  com- 
prcmlaca  wara  duiy  ropoitad 
,  and  tho  Mla  appioyed  and 
—  day  of  — ~,  aa  by  tha  rac- 
Mirt  more  ftilly  appaarai  and 
wssra  wara  tharaupen,  bjr  an 
t  than  mada,dlractad  to  oso- 
vttfot  ^tf  facond  fart  ••oa» 


iSda"*.:  Sfjr.'ird'*""^'  '•"•"'"•  ••  ♦•>•  -■•  - 

^JMow  tbU  ^nvayanca  (d«td,  ,t,  lnd«nlur.)  wit- 

Sl^A  v^'"«  ^  }***">  •»  •>««»«^  P«ld  by  tha  aald 
party  of  ihj  aacond  part,  tha  raraliit  wharloT la 
haraby   aclinowlad|ad,    hava    bawalnad    Mid 

KSru«-"'?K^'*,'J"'  ••"•  •"•".  wnv*;,  ind  eon- 

irnSriP'T-^f -".^s  ^'^'" 

"«{h.r  wVth  -Cn^.A^Jr'^l"  tC  '*'  /"-«'«*). 
hafadltamMta  .Ia"*  •'"t"'*'  wa  unamanta 

«!m2S..'iS  '"  "nywlaa  appartalning ;  and  tha 
dSTv^nt?^.!!!::!""".?'  "«•»"««•' •*d  rama^w! 

pramte^  wUh  A?"!!!.*''!.'"*  •boya-bargalnad 
nart  SSjy  «-S?*.i.''*'*''.?""*»«*»'  •»<>  •vary 
S?M   SI.T?//  ""»•«»«*  aald  party  of  tha  aacond 


luUly  I 


firWiyS-ra^J^ya^^CS^^^^^ 

<^llyorad  inpraaanca of         i 

For  fcrai  of  AcaNowLaiwMBin-,  m*  thai  iltU 

i»t  iMHmlUt  ^  Mit4,  iMmUir,  «r  HmUtmml 
Ml  Drunkmrd. 

-- di;  of^'lS  ^LlL  •  S  •  '"«^I«).  ««J*tbla 

and  i^' J7  ^  •••  •'  -r.  •«»  ««•  county  of 

aad  !^t?^r^  bT'  «5wm««taa  of  tha  panon 

_w»J^  upon  an  appIlM^  duly  mada.  tha 


2S«5  hi""  "■•«•'?' wh.r.ofU  htraby  achnowl. 
Jhll  :.•"•  «'•"*•*.  b«'ialnid  and  (old,  and  by 

l*"*  mW  l»«/of  tha  aacond  pan,  and  to  hit  haira 
and  aaaigna  /bravar,  all  (*rr,.  VViT",',  rSw/Ji  i? 

thar.v.f.^SL^r^'"  •"yr'«»«  •PparUlnlngi  and 
malBdVr.  fr..1"f  "*•»•«»"»•.  ramalndtr  and  ra" 
Sil.«  A  ""'•• '••'•••  ■•"*  Proftu  tharaof;  and 

^^s^i  r;'':ifd'«v.'M^r«'S 
j.'rrh.'K:?''"'  ''•°"— •  ■»••  •viryvs,*  .oi -a,- 

2f  Skf^"**  I**''  •»?'*  ">•'•«'.  unto  tha  aalS  parti 
, /^*  •^•f*  »"'*'  •»'•  «»««ra  and  aaalgnrTror.*,? 

In  witnaaa  wharaof,  tha  aald  nartw  sr  tK>  n» 

{mtnmtmrt  ^  witntu. )  ' 

ror  form  of  AcKMowLaoaMawr,  ■*•  that  dtlc. 

»*a  uiHTBVAHca,  MiSTAKia,  arc.  poti. 

-I%5'of'!!2?"b,V"^'-r '"*•"•"">•«•*•  *h 


Wharaaa,bxa  daad  f  ,„   a^  iS» 


.to  C.  b.,  of - 


?if'"'rr"J*«»^  tharain  v 
tha  party  barato  of  tha  ' 
of  tha  ona  part,  and  (#r 


on  tha  — ~ 


•»nad  to  ba  mada  by 

je»rtiwUhon«E  rj. 


--dellara. 
thabigban 

5r»»«*#"/).- 

■•••>•■■  oiracting  tha  aama  to  ba  <-arriaairrz 

g^*?.**«!'*»'«J—.  and  d*Uv«f  a  daad  of  ISd 
pramlaao  to  aald  party  of  tha  aaeand  m^  i_^i= 

»o«PS*H[  Sl»««  W^lS.Si'oT5wc'P,V«W 

>«^g».8rtS'isffi;'.?'--*^.-« 

JJjw  tW»  coavayMca  (d^d  «-  Indtntuw)  wit- 
aa'2ltalSSrtt'£f*''j'»'»5  »««  JNWt,  eommittaa 


..^..  .,n  ^mn,  ana  |#r     ,.o)  Aa  aald  C.  D    ar  >t>> 

othM  part,  and  In  eonaldaration  orJ-Ttba  1 J2! 
laaa  baralaaftar  daacribad  wara  irantad  aSJV.^ 
v^rwl.  or  inw.  \n1  ao  to  ba,  to  tfia  wkl  C  D  hu 
h^  and  aaaigna.  foraya"'  ""••««•<:•  «•.  ••«• 

In  jiJt*SS=Ha%^'.?'**^  ^  ««^4  thWd 
in  part  racltad  daad,  waa  not  of  tha  aaaaf  *w>m». 

•»•  ywa,  but  hat  elncaaSlaad  STSTch  iSl  aii 

pSr.sSia'd  ifa:;?^*  '"•*  *•«**•*  «>•  -^-^ 

nJSiu.?"'  *«°''^«*  («^.*'  Indentuw)  wif 

TlMit  (■•  well  in  the  parformane*  oTa  eov«un>  t^ 

far  and  •«  cooaldarationTf  thaVum  ir— -'dSlS^* 

t  s^ia-A^Spi-^biioVf^Yf dS 

ijaiTuartiJa^rc-s^^^ 
jKTd'sabn.iird-.^-S&S 

dJc'ri'S»?~'»'»''«""^ 
nancaa 


S!?.*»j?'?r  «>••»«»»• 


b«Ij««Tai:t.S;&Tr^TK'S.":i^ 


;i<^  i.^I..i:j"''  "*wiora,  ana  i 

»«rr£^rtio-nA?ta3 


.if.i3to"K5;.^!Sr^ 


vonii  tir  Mich  atfaad. 


^ 


CONVEYANCES. 


!•  wlUMM  whtrtof.  Ih«  Mid  party  (*r  i*Tt\*%) 
•f  the  ArM  part  h«»  (or  huve)  hartunto  Mt  hl« 
hand  and  laal  (or  their  hands  and  tcaU),  tha  day 
and  yaar  Brat  abova  writtan.  ,  ^ 

(SiffHttlirtt  itnd  imlt.) 
Tot  rorm  of  AcKNuwLaiKiMaHT,  tea  thai  UUa. 

Bv  IwDoaaanBirr  ow  twa  Paioa  Dasb. 

Kmw  an  man  by  Ihaaa  praaanta : 

That  I,  A.  B.,au.,tha  within-namad  grantor, 
da  ky  tbaaa  praaanu  imnt,  ratify  aad  sontrm 

unta  C.  D.,8? .all  tha  aatata  which  I  may 

hava  in  tha  praialaaa  within  daacrlhad,  with  tha 
appartanancaa.  ^.       ^       .^  ^  .» 

To  hava  and  ta  hald  unto  him,  tha  aald  C.  D., 
and  hia  haira  and  aaaicna,  foravar. 

Wltnoaa  my  hand  (and  Mal),»hla  day  of 

A.  B.       [&<•/•] 

Baacutad  In  praaaaaa  of 

Far  form  of  AcKMowLBBOMaKr,  taa  that  UUa. 


And  tha  aald  A.  B.,  fbr  Mmaalf  ami  hia 
haIra,  aaacutora  and  admlnUtratera,  doaa  cova- 
nant,  promlaa  and  agraa  to  and  with  tha  aaid 
partlaa  of  tha  aaeond  part,  that  iru. ,  camtluulnr  mj 
in  Hktr  fturt,  tut  n»mii^  "  iuccauon  "  ^Mlaa^  «f 
"htirt,  aaacutort,"  tU.,  ^  tht  ftrlif  ^  tk*  uttnd. 

For  form  of  AoMOWLBDOMairr,  aaa  that  tlda. 


C*atr«yMac«— €«r|Mim*l*« 

Thla  caavayaaeo  (d««d.  »r  Indawura),  mada  thia 

0—  day  of ,  by  tha  K.h*rt  rht  Ikt  Ugal  Ml*  V 

tif  ttritniUfH),  of ,  partlaa  af  tha  trat  part, 

aad'C  D.,of coanty,ln  tha  BUta  of ,  par- 
tlaa of  tha  aaeoad  part,  wltaaoaath  t 

That  tha  aald  partlaa  of  tha  Brat  part,  in  con- 

aidaratlon  of  tha  aum  of doUaro  uhfufpr*- 

tetding  «f  i»  fthtr  J»*4i  /#  tkt  etv*n»ni$,  #•**  if 
wMkkwMitgintktu): 

And  tha  aald  partlaa  f  f  tha  Brat  part  (#r  nmm* 
thf  ttrttrmtmt).  tor  thaeaaalvaa  and  thair  auccaa- 
Bora,  oo  covenant  (r/t.,r#<ii/i«»«'«ir»'  "•  »lhft»ut). 

In  wHnona  wharaof,  tha  aald  partlaa  of  tha  llrat 
part  In  pnraaanca  of  a  raaoKttlon  adoptod  —-day 

It month  A  D. ,  by  tha  board  of  dircctora, 

hava  harauoto  eauaad  thahr  eorporata  ••••»» 2? 
anaad.  and  thaaa  praaanta  to  ba  aubaerlbad  by 
thair  praaldant  and  caahlar  (»»  »tc««tary,  #r  otktr 

War  htm  ttt  AcKaowtBii<3«i«Kr  tea  that  title. 
Amtthtr—Bya  Mmmkip»l  Or/»ra/A«, 

JSamt  mtimtlu  trtctdint  Mm  t»  tkflUtMit*. 
kktMII*: 

Tha  common  aaal  of  tha  aald  city  of  ■--  to 

m  aSMd.  tbo  day  and  year  Brtt  abova  writtan. 

JCrr/MfW«  #«•/.]      _ 
By  tba  Common  CoancU. 

iSigntUurt  ^)  OMl. 

Amtk*i—lfhtr»  *//*M  Dh-cittv  Skn. 
(.«<w*  Mim  tJU  trtttJing  ftrm  U  Mr  oiUUaHtn, 

In  wltnaaa  wharaof,  tha  praaldant,  dlra^aro, 
and  eompaay  of  {fmHye  ik*  e0tff;»lifm)  hava 
harcanta  aat  thair  coraorata  aaal  by  tha  hands  of 
thair  praaldant  aad  «ra««»rB.aad  tha  prjaMant 
and  tUraetora  hava,  karaiwto  aubaerlbad  thafa^ 

namacthla-^ — dayol — ■(•'«•>•  •••X  "2? '[SL?"* 
abova  writtan).  {Stpmtun  •»  PmUmt. 

('•MvafjTMiM-T*  CpnMnrttoa  »••<• 

Thto  copvayanca  (#r  deed,  •r  Indenture),  made 

thla  —  fay  of — .by  A.  ■..of •wmto.  In 

tha  BUta  of' — ,  of  the  Biat  pvt.  and  the  (*»»» 

/lutrt  iMt  Am/  tilU  «^  /*»  nr^tnttUm),  of ,  par- 

tiae  of  the  aaeond  part. witiMMMtht  

That  the  eaid  party  of  tte  tm  pirt,  la  eoaatd. 

aratioa  of  tha  aum  o? deOMto  him  to  hand 

paid  by  the  aaid  partiea  of  fiwiiwMd  |Wt,  the 
receipt  of  which  te  her^  acknowMMd,  aad 
the  aald  jmntM  of  the  mo«dg«jg^^.»c. 


Bin.  aen,  alien,  remlee,  raleue.  eoavay  and  co«- 
n  unto  the  aald  paitlea  of  tiia  ■•••m.P'*'**,? ■>" 


to  their  fucceeaora  and  oM^  '•»r?'if"  <**" 

"^  Te  have  and  to  hold  aUand  •toiidar  the  «boye- 
meationed  and  deacrtbod  premiaaa,  together  wlUi 
4w  apjmttananeea,  unto  the  aald  panlaa  of  ^ 
•ocoad  paiti  their  aucceaaoia  andT  aaalgna,  mr- 


C««'»»r»i»*o-'j«»aei«*«a  la 

Baa  ania,  CovBMAms  m  Daaoa,  aad  teat,  ama. 


SaettiM^n,  Dan:  Pou.  aad  laoairrvaa,  la  the 
text  abo«*. 

CMiVMrMM*— BmalMMC*  D4M4. 

Thil  form  oTcunveyanca  U  neitbar  convenient  nor 
cuiionny.  Where  aa  aachaagi  it  maila,  Mparvia 
ilc«d(  are  givan;  the  ordlaaryfcrm  ia  utMl  io  luvh 


CMitr«yaa« .    -^i. ,-  a 

Sec  vaHoua  SiMca,  addltioaai  fcnna,  aala. 

Thia  conveyance  (daea,«r  ladantuia),  mada  thia 

■ —  day  of ,  between  B.  X..  of county,  in 

the  Bum  of ,  eaecutor  (*r,  aob  acUng  eaecutor, 

»r,  tola  (urvWiiv  eaecutor  i  «r,  i(thiri»rt  tnrrm/. 
«.».•  E.  X.,  of,  etc.,  and  T.  R.,  (3:  etc..eaacHwn)  of 
the  iaat  will  and  teetament  of  D.  C.,  late  of  — -, 

In eouoty,  and  Btatt  of ,  decaaaed,  of  tha 

BrH  part,  and  C  O.,  of county.  BUU  of . 

of  the  eecond  part,  wltaeaaeth :     .  ^    . 

That  tha  aald  party  (*r,  partlaa)  of  tha  Brat  part, 
by  virtue  of  the  power  aad  authority  to  him  (*r, 
than)  given  in  and  by  the  eald  laat  will  and  teeta- 
ment, and  In  conMeratloa  of  tha  eum  of — - 
dellara  to  him  {*r,  them)  paid  by  the  eaid  party  of 
the  aaeond  part,  tha  raeelpt  whereof  le  hereby 
acknowledged,  haa  (*r,  have)  granted,  bargained, 
aold.  aUaned,  remlaed,  releaaed,  copveyeri,  and 
conBrmed,  and  by  theae  praaente  daaa  (#r,  do) 
grant,  bargain,  aaU,  aUan,  reiniae,  ralaaae.  con- 
vey, and  cooBrm,  unto  the  eaid  oarty  of  the  eec- 
ond part,  hie  helre  and  aaalgna,  Toraver,  aU  ( W 
/•//MM  /A/ Wlr«rr/>r^).  together  with  aU  and  aln- 
gular  the  tanementa,  heradiumi 


6 mar  the  tanementa,  narvuwmenta,  and  appur- 
inaneee  thereunto  belonging,  or  In  anywiae  ap- 
and  the  reversion  aad  revaraioaa, 
remalndera,  renu,  laeoea,  aad 


pertaining 
remainder 


and 


remainaer  ana  ramwnanv,  rauw,  •'^<*">  "v- 
proAta  thereof ;  and  aleo  all  the  eatata,  right,  Utle. 
intenat,  property,  peeaniian,  cUlmaardamand 
whataoever,  boA  in  law  and  eqniqr,  which  the 
aaid  teautor  had  In  his  Hfettme,  aM  at  the  Ume 
of  hie  decaaae,  and  vrMch,^  mrtd  pmrty  (#r, 
pariiea)  of  the  Brat  part  (#r,  eitW  of  teat,  have  or) 
hn,  by  virtue  of  the  aald  tert  win  and  teaumeat, 
or  otiSerwIse.  of.  In  and  to  tha  abova-granud 
oremlaea.  and  every  part  and  parcel  thereof,  with 

To  hwreand  to  hold  aU  and  tdngutar  the  above- 
grantad  prMslaaa.  togather  arift  the  aippHrn- 
nancaa,  and  every^part  tberae^  unto  the  aald 
party  of  tha  aaeond  part,  hia  kain  aad  aMigna, 
forever.*  .  .     __^     _^ 

Aad  the  aald  party  (ar.  partlaa)  of  the  Brat  part, 
for  himaelf,  hie  (#r.  ikanMlvea.  their)  helre,  eaec- 
tttoro,  and  admUitatratdn  doaa  («r,  do)  eeveiMt, 
promieo  and  agree,  to  andiirith  the  nartr  of  the 
Second  part,  that  ha  la  (gr.  An  tn)  bwRithi  the 
nseeutorTsI  of  the  laat  wUl  mae  iMtamaot  of  eaid 
M.  M.,  and  has  (*r,  have)  B•^*a»  to  eoBvqr  m 
aftorceald.  aad  ha*  («r,  have)  In  ail  respeeta  acted, 
la  making  tWa  caaveyanee,  to  putMianceor  the 
authority  granted  in  aad  by  tha  aaid  last  wiU  and 
teetament;  aad  that  he  has  (♦r,  the»tave)oot 
made,  dona,  or  auflbrad  any  net,  autfer  or  thing, 
whataoevei,  sinee  ha  was  (ir.  they  wai»)5»ecutor 
as  afbresaia.  wbefeby  the  aWviMranted  orem. 
Ises,  or  any  part  thereof,  are,  eHai:  or  way  be  im- 
peached, chafed  or  incumbered  to  any  manner 
whatsoover* 

In  aHtneta  wharaof.  the  said  party  (•»-  psrtija) 
9f  tha  Arst  part  haa  (#r,  have)  hereunto  aet  hia 
M,f#r,  their  handt]  and  teal*),  the  day 


hand  (and  aaal,  f#r,  it 

an«i  :fear  Brat  aBova  written. 

Baecuted  aad  dcUvared  I 
Inmeeensaof  { 

[££■«/«*»  f/wH»nt.\ 
rorCna  :"  " 


3f  ACKMWLttSIUDIT,  M«  Uul  ttth;. 


Ik.  B.,  tor  hlniMlf  and  liM 
idmtnUtratonii  4om  cev«- 
ir««  to  and  with  th*  Mid 
ftt,  that  (/A.,  t0mtinulnr  <u 
" tMicomtmt"  inttfud  0/ 
Ilk*  fmrtUt  ^f  M«  itC0nd 

VLSDOHBirr,  tM  ihM  lid*. 


ima" 


•vMMala  la 

>  IM  Daaoa,  aad  um,  *nM. 

ULL  ud  iHoaitTvaa,  la  Um 


-BxfllMUiC* 
AM  U  Milbw  conv«ni«nl  nor 
•achMfi  U  aada,  Mparvu 
idtaary  Ibrm  (•  mod  In  Mwh 


-■m«c«<*v*»  1 

I,  MkUlteaal  fcraM,  MM. 
Mdi«r  iMkmura),  mada  thia 

tan  B.  X.,  of caunty,  in 

lUtor  (*r,  mU  acting  •Mcutor, 
not;  0r,  if  thtfft »rt  ttvml. 
\  T.  R.,  ot  Mc.,  aMcuion)  or 

aaant  of  u.  C,  lau  of , 

ata  of ,  daaaaaad.  of  tha 

»C cooBty.  Stau  of , 

itaaaMth  s 

(«r,  putlaa)  of  tha  flrat  part, 
ir  aad  auttiorlty  ta  Mm  (««■, 
tha  aald  laat  will  aad  taat*- 
irattoa  of  tha  aum  of — - 
n)  paid  by  tha  aald  party  of 

raealpt  wharaof  la  baraby 
V,  h«««)  frantad,  bargaiDad, 
d,  ralaaaad,  caovayad,  and 
IBM  praaanta  dOM  (#r,  do) 
aliao.  ramiM,  ralaaM.eoa- 
10  tha  aald  party  of  tha  aae- 
Ml  aaaigna,  Toravar,  all  (k*rt 
Ltogatnar  with  ail  aad  ala- 
bwSdltainaikta,  and  nppur- 
atonginc,  or  In  anywlM  ap- 

ravaralon  and  ravaralaiia, 
aindata,  ronu,  laaiiaa,  and 
lao  all  tha  aauu,  rifbt,  Utla, 
aaaaaion,  claim  ana  damand 

law  and  aqnlty,  which  tha 
hia  Ufattma,  ara  at  tha  Uma 
whkb  llta  aald  party  («r. 
rt  (#r,  <lth«r  of  tbna,  hava  or) 
laid  lart  wilt  and  taatamaat, 

and  tn  tha  abowa^prantad 
^art  aad  parcai  tharaef,  with 

t  all  and  almnilar  tha  abawa- 
ogathar  with  tha  apparM- 
Mtft  tharaef,  unto  tha  aald 
part,  Ma  boirB  aad  aaalsna, 

(«r,  eattla*)  of  tha  flrat  part, 
dwuMlfM,  thdr)  haira,  **•«>• 
«««M  4oaa  (»r,  do)  covaAabt, 
10  and  with  tha  Dart*  of  tha 
I  ia  (fr,  th«y  an)  fawAiUy  tha 
at  wUl  aMf  taatamaat  af  aaid 
,  baiN)  tn^n  to  convoy  u 
r,  ha««)  in  aU  raapaeta  aetad, 
>ayanca,  in  putatumea  of  the 
and  by  tha  aaid  laat  wiU  and 
t  ha  baa  (#r,  ih«*  haw)  net 
red  amr  act,  mattor  er  tMng. 
I  waa  dtr,  they  «r*n)  eMcutor 
by  ttaa  ab«v»«nntad  pram, 
raof,  ara,  aWt  or  may  ba  im- 

■  incambeiad  la  any  mannar 

»r,  tha  aald  oany  (vr  paitta) 

■  («r,  liavc)  Itaminte  aat  Ma 
heir  hands]  and  oak),  the  day 

A.B.,        (AaAJ 


M.J 

•WL8DSHBIIT,  Mt  that  tUlt. 


CONVEVANCES. 


m 


Ant^i  BjmmUrt  Ctvtmniiltng  SntrtUh  mm4  SaeA 
/*r  kImttV  Al*m. 

him^ifKi:^*.  •*'•'"•  •'  *•••  «"»  J>art,«ach  for 
bimMlf,  hta  baira,  aaacutora  and  adminlatratora. 

Ji5fc  V"'/?'  •'••  "••  ""  ••••<•  "'»•>•  other,  but 
aacn  for  hit  own  acta  only,  covenant,  eramlM 

!I22  '*ll''i.''  •!!*  *»'»"  "'•  «"««  party  of  SS^ 

lait  will  and  uatament  of  tha  Mid  D.  D..  and 

r.V«5?.t*Ll?J^'""'u,*'»'*!r">'"««  haa  n  all 
reapccia  acted,  in  making  thia  conveyane*.  in 

JTld  lllT'llif  .'25  !"«•••"•■  ■""tad  In  a?,d  bJ'tliS 
miSi^n"ji"**  t"t"n*nt ;  and  that  ha  haa  not 
whatai^'  Sf-'Jl'^''"'  ""y  •«t.  matter  or  thing 
wh!^h!,.iri!.'£f*  •'•  *•••  •"•«»tor  H  aforeMliT 
S«I!?ll;  .'iSjr'*'""**,?  premiM»,orany  part 
«^«miI!L'J'^'  •'  '"•1'  ^  Impaached,  ehirged 

tL     .^."•'•^l.'"  •"/  "»anner  whataoaver. 
fc.„T'*"**  **"••*•'  tha  parUM  of  tha  flret  part 
have  haraunta  aat  their  handa  and  MalarthaVay 
and  year  flrat  above  wriMen.  '  ^ 

B.ecut.dandd.llvaSid'l-''"^'^'"'-    ^*"'^ 
iapreaenMof  / 

For  furm  of  AcKMOWLaoGnairT,  ft  thai  ilU*. 

co„„MdTt;fa-  ?f  —•&^?'"b\M,-;:7 

S'tha".lfiT'i"*r':w"'  "^  '5-  "m'Vtaia."" 

...•^"•t  tna  aald  A.  B.,  for  and  In  conaidaration  of 

th!  mW  c'i"?  '.1*  "«"°"  *"^«»'  hehM  «»?i 
tne  aald  C.  B.,  by  thaM  praMnta  doaa  ■!«■  arant 

i^-r.w  iT""'")'  together  with  all  aad  ain- 
fi'n'tL.-*  'I!»«"'««ta,  heredliamenta,  and  appo?. 

tiSl^Sd^iA**  tha  r5,„rtoo  and  ravariiona, 
ramaiodar  aad  ramaiadara,  rente.  ieauM    mnA 

SiS  rf*dS!^.'^'5."tf  f  •."••  '-i-f ?rti«.t^n'.r  Md 

clelm  ofdower),  title,  InterMt,  property,  claim  and 
demand,  whataoaver,  of  thi  aMrpMtyf*?  per- 
Mi:  wlrtT  "f?  ?«. Si  «•••«<  «•  AaSld  p^Ki- 
tJiaraof !  •PP»'«»nanoaa,  aad  every  part 

To  >>ww  and  to  bold  aU  and  alagular  the  above- 

r',Mniei>>ofthe 


taa  Mid  C.  B.,  hia' baira  and  aaaieoa'^mM 
in  wUmm  wb.ra^X'^^.'^vSC^o 

SfiSLiiwtJi!.'"^*  •"*  '•fJs^'**"  **y  •»<  y««» 

apova  written.  ISkmmtmrtt  mmd  itmL  \ 

BseeutadanddeUverad)   ^•'«'~^' •"****•"> 
in  praMoce  of  f 

For  form  of  AcKNowtanoHBirr,  tee  dial  tide. 

See  PaNMavLVANM  Foatu,  «me7^^ 

*^l[?<*****^~Oti*nU*<"**  ne««. 

see  forau  under  ibe  variout  Sum*,  anui. 

See  tgnat  under  the  various  Statei,  am. 
SaiMibiccH,  iMoanrvaaand  Daao  Pou..  In  the  leal 

CMitperMi««-I4ff»  Itetot*. 

See  riAaeNonM  iiiDaaiM,  ante. 

jnitooonyayanM  (dc^,  «r  indeniure),  made  thie 

^  fa^thl  a;:;^l^r*'-  *^'.*  ■*•"»* »"  chancery  in 
ana  ipr  the  State  of — -,  In  — —  county,  nartv  of 
Mja^flf«  part,  and  cTB.,  of  ~.lS%a'tS&2d 

Wlieraaa,  at  a  court  of  chancery,  held  at 

i*iTI?S?*S?  »^»»«»<«»n^3Erof  thiillS^ 

cult  of  tha  State  of ,  on  tha  — ^dw  of T  It 

32S:«pgJftothar  tbio«.  ardarad.  id^ed  end 
22S!lft  tC"^f*^ll",."  ««ftain  cauM  then 
SSSSL^Jrn  ^/'Sf^  between  C  T.,  com. 
pUMUM.  and  n.  T.,  dehndant,  that  aU  and  ain- 


IIii*«VV^J?i"':'W*'*  ff«""»«  mentlenad  la  tha 
bill  or  coimlainl  in  Mid  eauM,  apd  in  Mid  decree 

?irf.".^;."'  .'5?  ""•••'  •••!'••'  ••  ""•••t  bTeum* 
clent  to  raiae  the  aroeunt  due  10  the  cempleinant 

r«i«ri„u.~  .!?'JL'^  '•'1  ••P«"te|y  without  ma- 
terial injury  to  the  parliea  InlerMted,  be  Mid  at 
RUr vX^Sf"""'  •««»"«'"«  to  the  GourM  and  prac- 
m...-.!i!l'*''i'^'' '»>'«"  '"»^"  the  diracUonofa 

mT?  hi  ^rH'/fi'ri.""  ""*"'"  "J i  that  the  Mid 

»..^.?.*if  '"  *•"•  «»""ty  where  the  aald  mort- 
■,?*•?  ^'••nleM,  or  the  greater  part  Iheraof.  ara 
-/•X**?.'  that  Mid  muter  give  public  notiel 
of  tha  Ume  and  place  of  auch  Mleraccordlng  to 

cauM  might  become  a  purchaaer  or  purchoMra 
on  ouch  Miei  that  the  a*ld  mMter  Mcauta  to  the 

K"*".-!^'  *"  P""">Mere  of  the  Mid  mortgaged 
.Ti!&''  •"'i  ***}  "^"a  thereof  aa  aTicllld 
so  Mid,  a  good  and  aulflclent  dMd  or  deede  of 
con  veyaijce  fir  tha  Mme ; 

«w"22!'il!"V'  'i!?"i«"»f  «•'  the  enrolment  of 
Mid  dacrM,  aigned  by  the  clerk  of  Mid  court,  lea 

Il!r«£Ii*!?'.w  5?  V"  ••'"*  '"••tar  in  chancery, 
the  perty  of  the  flrat  part ;  " 

dMr«*!lr  M.?*.!!<*J '"  'IJI^if?*'  "'  the  order  and 

tliikJ''*..??*''  "!"'•  "''•• »"  the day  of 

.  ^W  byj^ubllc  auction,  at ,  in  the  county  of 


— -,(j>ari  oOthe  premicM  In  the  eald  order  men. 
tloned,  due  notice  of  the  time  and  place  of  Tuck 

«  wwihUiT*.*!'""'  •#'•••«»«»  to  tKe  Mid  o^er 
at  wMch  aala  the  premiaea  hereinafter  daecribed 

ne^Umh'"**  •""*•>'•*•  <-^^'  "  Indtnlure)  wl» 

.wI^KL*''*  "•'*•  •?•«•«■  'n  chancery,  the  perty  of 
the  flrat  pert  to  thoM  preMnU,  In  order  loMrry 
nto  affect  the  aala  m  made  by  him  m "forealuZ 

i-iP^".'2f1*»'  '"i'  •^•'  •"*  decree  of  the  Mid 
court,  aad  In  conformity  to  tha  autute  in  auch 
SS?»,*f«"d  provide/,. ad  alao  loMiSd^ 

iil-.S.'J^..?"'"'^^?'  •"*  •'  the  Mid  aum  of 
money  m  Mddan  m  afsraMld  being  flrat  duly  paid 

j5hiSL?ta  f22tf'  *t«  ••'.•■l''  p5«?the  rJcript 
whereof  la  bareby  acknowledged,  haa  granted. 

SJK  H'ilKiu"*  ^  th.M^iu  dofi^Sanlj 
IKliL"'!f"'"*J'.*'"'"/«">to  the  Mid  party  ol' 

r^«  «?wt-'!2:t'^**!I!  »'  «?"•••  "  land,  being 
^. vJ'^K.i'^i  •»«"*«•«•«»  PremlaM,  ^tuate, 

lying  and  being  in county  and  Bute  of  (rtr.. 

L'^r'^'ii*'^>'^2'  together  with  allanVSn^ 
gular  tfia'^nementa,  heraHamenta,  and  appurl 

wiStafning?"  •""•  '«'•»««»••  or  In  aafSto^ 

i?  have  and  to  hold  all  and  aingular  the  above. 

VJHa^Jl^^^i  '*'!,»^.1*«  •l'«''rteoin!SlJSd 
every  part  thereof,  unto^tha  aaid  party  of  tha  aae. 
ond  part,  hia  haira  and  aaaigna,  forever 

In  witncM  whereof,  the  Mid  M.  C,  maatar  in 
chancery  MaforaMid,  hath  hereto  Mthirhaod 
and  eeai;  tha  day  and  yMr  flrat  abovrwrittan! 

"?n7rSln'c"aVf""^}         ^'^**"  ^^^- 

For  fom  of  AcKNawtCBOiiBiWT,  tee  ihal  liile. 

C'«MvmiiM!«-Ki|a«aii»-T»  Kw9*vi. 

Thia  conveyance  (deed,  or  induture).  made  thia 

WherMa,  the  aaid  A.  B.  did.  on  er  about  tha 
—-day  of-—,  aaecuta  anddeUver  to  the  party 
of  the  aecond  pert  (er,  10  om  C.  D.,  uader  wboSnoS 

?jJjIS?ir-iu*r^''  "»o"tloned.  a  conveyance  of 
certain  land*  ia  ,  harainaher  more  particu- 
larly  deecribad,whiph  aaid  eonveyancato  «: 

co^iathaolBceorth. ,  of^  comIJ. 

"••■ . — :•  POge  - — ,  of  convayancea ; 

And  whareaa,  in  aeM  Coavayanca,  by  miatake. 
the  worda  —  were  written  iattead  «7the  wwda 

—-{«rotA*nutu,$Hlitlt»iatlkttfr»r,\; 

!►  I:'"'J:1'1?*^?^'  *•  P»«*«"t  diflcuUlM  batwUtan 
it  iiaapediant  to  correct  aaid  enora:       ■™""** 


m 


r 


CONVEYANCES. 


N«w,  tkwtlbra,  thl*  mn^nynM  (And  «r  Indan- 
lura)  witnMMIh  i 

Tlial  th«  Mid  party  of  tht  Rnt  part,  In  caiMM- 
•ratlan  af  iha  pramMta  and  ef  on*  dollar  to  him 
paid  by  lh«  party  o(  th*  sacond  part,  hartby 
granta,  aonvaya,  ralaaaa*  and  conArma  unto  tha 
•aid  party  oftha  aacond  nart,  hia  haira  and  aa- 
atgna,  foravar,  all  {Ht.,  gimng  Ik*  JttriftitH,  amj 
muthulinf  <u  in  tth*r  t»ut). 

Kor  lorm  of  AcKHUWLBiioMaMT,  t«*  thai  lllia. 

V*Mtr«]r«ii«*— l*Krtl(l*«  n««4l. 

Tkia  eonvayaoaa  (dMd,«r  imlaniart),  mada  tha 

day  of ,  batwaan  A.  B.,  of  —  aaunty. 

and  Buu  of — ,  of  tha  flrat  part,  and  C.  D.,  of 
—  county,  In  tha  Stata  ei  — '.  of  tha  aacond 

part,  and  B.  V.,  of aouaty.  and  Itata  of , 

of  tbo  third  part) 

Wharaaa,  tha  partlaa  harato  hava  and  hold  aa 
tananta  In  common  («r  at  juini  iwutatt).  In  oaual 
parta  (vr,  vlt.,  tha  wid  A.  B.  two  •quai  undWldad 
iJxtht,  aiMl  ih*  Mid  C 


D. 


n...,.,  w^  •■•.  .«»  'w.  •'.  oat  aqiwi  undlvldad  *l«lh, 
ami  iha  uld  E.  'it.  thrw,  tic,,  of)  •  aartain  trael. 

place,  or  parcal  of  land,  altuata  m ,  Mnf  tha 

aama  pramlaaa  convayad  to  tham  by  D.  D.  by 

daad  baaring  data  tha  — day  of (*rd««iMd 

la  than  by  wt  will  of  D.  O.,  tr  ttlurmtt,  »t*»rilinf 
i0  ilf/m€l)  1  and  whoraaa,  tha  partlaa  hMoto  hava 
mutually  agraad  to  maha  partition  of  anld  land 
and  hold  thair  roapoctlva  aharaa  In  aavaralty ; 

Now  thia  convayanea  (itiMd,  «r  ladtniura)  wlt- 
nooaath  t 

I.  Tha  aatd  A.  B  ,  party  of  tha  ftrot  part,  ahall 
tk'om  hancaforth  have,  hold,  poaaaaa  and  anjoy 
In  aayaralty  by  himaalf,  and  to  nim,  and  hlo  kaira 
and  aaalgna,  mr  hIa  ahan  and  proportion  of  tho 
■aid  iaoda  and  pramlaaa,  all  (Arr«/»M^iM  dttertf- 
/w«  ^  Ik*  p»rl  tlltUtd  it  kirn)  I  and  tha  aald  par- 
tlaa of  tho  aacond  and  third  parta.  In  conaldara- 
tlon  of  tho  pramlaaa  {aad  of  tha  luni  of—  dolUn 
to  ibam  paid  oy  iha  taia  A.  B.  for  aquiklity  af  portlltun, 
tha  receipt  whcraof  fai  hartby  ackaowfeilgtd),  do  horaby 
■Ivo,  grant,  oat  ovor,  convoy,  rolaaaa  and  eonftrm 
unto  tha  aatd  A.  B.,  tha  party  of  tho  flrat  part, 


hia  hoira  and  aaalgna,  foravor,  tha  loot  aMva- 
daacribad  pramlaaa.  together  with  all  nitd  atn- 

6 alar  tho  tonamanta,  heredltamantn  and  nppur- 
inancaa  tharaunta  belonging  or  in  nnywiaa 
appertaining,  and  tha  reveralon  and  rayoraiona, 
ramaiadar  and  ramaindara,  ranta,  iaauao  and 

Eoflta  thereof,  and  aleo  all  the  aauta,  right,  title, 
Mreat  (dowar  and  right  i>f  dower),  propMty,  po*. 
eeealen,  claim  and  demand  whataoavar  of  tha 
aald  partlaa  of  tho  oecond  and  third  varu,  both 
in  law  and  In  equity,  of.  In  and  to  tha  abovo- 
grantad  pramlaaa,  with  tha  baradltnaiaata  and 
anpurtananeent 

To  haye  and  to  hold  all  and  alngular  tho  abovo- 
grantad  premlaaat  together  wlm-tbo  nppurt^' 
iMneoo  and  every  part  thereof,  unto  the  aald  party 
of  the  Brat  pari,  Bla  helra  and  nealgiia,  Idrevcr 
(^  lArrt  it  av  incwitrmmtt,  add,  tuQoct  to,  #<r., 

^^AMtto  eald  pnrtiaa  of  tlialMcoad  and  )bM 
partt  do  hereby  a^yemlly,  and  not  jnlntly.  ^ttt 
each  for  himaalf,  and  for  hid  helra,  aaacuton*  tad 
ndmlnlatratora,  eoyenant,  promlaa  and  aMOtto 
and  with  the  eald  party  orthe  ftrat  part,  uitt  be, 
the  aald  A.  B.,  bto  itaira  an4  MoigiM,  ahan  ar  law- 
fiUly  may.  Item  time  to  time,  and  at  all  ilmea 
heraaftar.  fetavar,  freely,  peaceably  and  quietly 
hava,  bold,  occupy,  peeeeee  and  enley  the  aald 
Brat-daacribed  piece  or  aOotmant  or  land,  with 
tiM  nppurtenanceo,  and  recaiva  ard  take  the 
I,  taauea  and  prmta  thereof,  with  sut  any  m»- 


ni«v  ftl.W«W..  Wi».  WW*  w"7  BMW- 

leotation,  interruption  or  denial  of  them,  the  par- 
tlaa of  tha  aacond  and  third  parta,  thair  haira  or 
aaalgna.  ar  of  any  other  paraon  or  paramia  what- 
Maver,  law.hilly  claiming  or  to  claim  by,  from  or 
under  them  or  aitlier  of  them,  or  by  or  with  hia 


tr  their  act,  privity  or  procuromant.' 
a.  ThaaaidC.D.,yaityofthai 


_  I  eacond  part.ahall 

from  lienceiHth  hitva, Sold, poaaaaa andenjoy In 
aeveralty  by  himaalf,  aiul  to  mm,  and  hia  helra 
and  nangna,  for  bla  ibara  and  prpportion  of  tho 
aald  lanoa  and  premtaea,  all  <  A<nr  Hurrt  dtteHflh* 


C.  D.,  Iha  party  of  tha  eaaond  part,  hie  helre  and 
aaalgne,  forever,  tha  laat  abeve-deacrlbad  pram- 
leeot  together  with  (#/r.,  lu  mttpt;  »mil  m  *a  wtik 
tk*  miUlmtmt  It  Iht  fmrif  ^  Ikt  third  ^rl). 

In  witnoea  wbcrtof,  the  pairtlee  to  theee  pree 
ente  have  hereunto  Interchangeably  aet  Iheir 
handa  aad  aeala,  the  day  and  year  Itrat  above 
written.  {.SigmUmrumHd—mls.) 

Baecuted  and  delivered  I 

In  praeenen  of  j 

For  brai  uf  AcKNowLBDOMnrr,  tea  that  tltteu 

C— itrtyoo    fww  Da»dU 
9f  Ikt  Pr»frtH»rt  mf  »  Ckmrtk. 

Know  all  man  by  theaa  preaaata  i 

That  we,  the  proprietora  («r,  trutitti,  tic.)  of  the 
— —  Churen,  In  — ,  In  conalderatton  of  —  dol- 

lara,  to  ua  paid  by  C.  D.,  of .  do  hereby  grant. 

bargain,  aeil  and  eonvey  i<nto  the  eald  C.  0..  hie 
helra  and  aaelgna,  the  pew  in  the  ehurch  afore- 
aald,  numbered . 

To  have  and  to  hold  the  eame,  with  the  priv^ 
llegaa  and  appurtenancaa,  to  the  aald  C  D.,  hia 
heira  and  aaelgna,  ferevrr  i 

And  the  eald  proprietora  (w,  tniiuta.  tie.)  here' 
by  covenant  with  the  anid  C.  O.,  bla  heira  and 
naalgne,  that  they  ara  the  lawful  ownera  of  tha 
aaldpaw,  and  have  good  right  and  authority  to 
aell  the  eaontf  aa  aforeaald  t 

Provided,  however,  that  thia  dead  ahall  not 
bo  binding  until  recorded  In  the  booha  of  eatd 
church. 

In  teetlmonv  whereof,  the  eald  ptoprletora  {»r, 
iruttnt,  tic.)  nave  cauaad  theee  nreaanta  to  bo 
•Igned  by  their  Ireaeurer.  and  their  corporate 
aeai  to  be  hereunto  aflUed  by  their  ireaeurer,  t^ 
day  of . 

\Siai.\  lSignaiun*:\ 

Baecuted  and  daUvorad\ 

in  preeenca  of  j 

For  fora  of  AcicMOWLBBOMairr,  lee  that  Utte. 


See  varioue  focau  la  dlBnmt  Slaiai,  aate. 


JhiriwuH  I 


mml  ttajKdkMI  SUt—TktMi^ 
SWoAy.-  AdSminMnUrlx.  HmOamd  ami  W^p  de 


dkial  SaU—'n* /*U»mlmr  t 
_  nitlratrit,  HmUand  amd  k 

It^kl  ^  WV*:  Wift  am  MjuadrU:  amd  ti^kmlt, 

kt  lk*ir  Gaanuams, 


</- ii«  ^»r<  «lb&i/l«  «*«)  <  att^  tha  aald  partlea  of 
tho  flrat  aad  third  parta  do  hereby  give,  grant,  aet 
•vtir,  nmvay,  ralaaaa  and  eonftrm  unto  tbo  aald 


Thia  eonvoyaaea  (deed,  «r  iadmmie),  made  thia 

—-day  of , in  the  year ,  by  B.  T.,  (tpedal) 

raferea  and  troatae,  appolntad  by  the eourt, 

party  of  tha  ftrat  part,  A.  X.,  af  — -,  admlniatr*' 
tela  with  the  will  annasod  of  O.  D.,  deceaaed. 
and  tha  aald  A.  X.,  la  bar  own  rigbt,  H.  X..  of 

.nndW.X.,  hia  will,  la  right  or  AaanldW. 

X..  and  the  aai^  W.  X.^aa  aaecutrla  of  the  laat 
wiU  aad  taatamaat  of  D.  D.,  doceaaod,  I.  M.,  of 

,  aad  r.  T.,  of ,  by  O.  N.^tbalr  guardian, 

paruee  of  tbo  aacoad  part,aad  T.  B.,Mr— .ar 
ihothirdparti 

Wkeraaa.  at  a  apacial  term  of  tha  —  eoart  af 

the tlata of  • — .held  fer  tha  eauaty  af , at 

lOatha dagrof ,  It  waa  amaag  oUmt 

thlnga  drdarad,  M|}adged  and  daerood  by  Iha  eald 
court,  la  a  certain  cauaa  thea  pending  la  the  aatd 
coiut,  batweon  {ktr*  aamt  Ikf  tarttn  la  Ikt  itdti, 
that  tha  aaM  K.  B.  T..  aaaoidi  ralbroo  aad  trao- 
tao.  for  that  pwpoaa  aapolntald  by  tha  eald  daci*- 
tal  order,  ntaceed  with  aU  coavantaat  apoed.  w 
nail  Ibr  earn,  att  real  eaute  which  tha  aati  D.  D., 
deceaied,dled  eelaed  or  poaeaaeed  of  or  eatltled 
to.  and  that  each  diatiact  turn,  tract  or  m  bo 
oMd  aaparataly,  aad  at  public  anctloo,  la  tho 
county  of  —— ,  by  or  under  Um  direction  of  eald 
reforaa  aad  traatee,  aad  that  eald  refereo  aud 
troeteo  gtvo  pabllc  aoUco  of  tho  time  aad  place 
of  aueh  aala,  by  advertialag  the  aaaaa  Ibr  threo 
-yeaka,  twice  each  week,  la  the  ceuaty  of  — — , 
end  Ibr  throo  weeke,  oaea  each  woefc,  la  aay 
other  caunty  la  this  Mate  la  whlah  tha  prtmarty 
nay  be  attuatitd,  u  in  caaa  of  aala  of  OMrtgagad 
pramleaa  la  eaita  for  the  fBrecloauroafmortgagea 
on  landa,  aad  that  each  referee  and  tmatea  oxo- 
cute  to  the  ptsrehaaer  or  porchaaera,  goad  and 
auflkclaat  dead  or  deeda  of  coaveyaaao  theraltar  i 

Aad  It  waa  fVirther  ordered,  a«i>dcod,  a4d  do- 
creed.  In  aad  by  tha  aald  dacratalortar.  that  tha 
partlaa  to  tha  aaid  ault,  reapacUvely— laat  la  ts 


m 


Mcond  p«rt,  hto  h«lr«  aim 
It  abeva-daacrtlMd  i^ram- 

'y  tkt  third  tmrt). 
Ill*  p«>rttM  to  tiMM  pr«*> 
nttrchancMiMy  Mt  Ihair 
i4  y«ar  nrat  ahov* 

larM  a»d  irmil.) 


lay  aii4  y 


LiDOMiirr,  M*  thai  Uilty 

#«r<  4^  a  Ckmrrh, 

M  praaantai 

«ra  (*r,  tniMNt,  •«.)  of  Iht 

■•naldcratlan  of 4el- 

, .  of  — ,  4o  haraby  jrant, 
y  itnto  tna  aatd  C.  0. .  hia 
paw  Id  tba  ehitrch  afora- 

tlM  aama,  with  tha  pnv« 
saa,  to  tba  aai4  C  O.,  hia 
wri 
lora  («r,  iniaitM,  mc.)  hara- 

aald  C.  D.,  bta  haira  and 
Iba  lawful  owMfo  of  tba 
atf  right  and  authority  to 
Udi 

that  thia  daad  ahall  sot 
lad  in  tha  booka  of  aatd 

r,  tha  aatd  prepriatota  («r. 
lad  thaaa  sraaanta  to  bo 
irar.  and  Uiair  corporato 
lad  by  tbair  traaau  t  mt,  t^ia 

[Sifmatmrtt.'J 


jnoMBMT,  taa  that  tilla. 
|al*K;iiMlNi  »M«k 

I  diflmnt  Staiw,  aaia. 

■•llarM** 


rig.HutUmd  a«7(m 
la  BMttmtrixt  amd  hQmmti, 

d,  «r  iadniMia},  BMdo  this 
Ffiar       I,  \m  H,  x>f  (Kpadal) 

pelntad  hf  tba aoHrt, 

A.  X.,  af  — -.  •dminiatr»< 
•sad  of  O.  D.,  i' 


bar  own  rlch^  H.  X.,  of 
lb,  In  right  of  &a  apM  W. 


I  tarn  oftko eowrtof 

br  tho  oo«nty  of  -— ,  at 
— — ,  It  wao  among  oihar 
Id  and  daotoad  kjrAa  anM 
a  than  panning  in  tho  aald 
nut  Mir  p»rtin  l»  IM*  luiHt 
aoKMh  rafcrao  and  tnM»- 
tpointM  by  tbo  anid  daero- 

II  all  cosvantant  anaadiM 
tata  which  tha  aad  D.  D.. 
ir  ppumil  of  or  aatltlad 
Inct  fum.  mat  or  Iwi  bo 
It  pnblia  Mwtloo,  In  tho 
■dar  tha  diraction  of  aold 
•d  that  anM  rafatao  aud 
dca  of  tho  tima  and  placa 
tialag  tha  aaaw  In-  ilwao 
ak,  In  tha  county  of  •——, 
onca  aach  waai.  in  sAy 
ita  In  whlah  tha  ptopaity 
eaaa  of  aata  of  mortgagad 
■  forCdooura  of  mor^agaa 
h  rafitao  and  tmaloo  aao" 
or  pnrdiaaara,  good  aad 
I  of  coavaynaeo  thwafer  i 
rdarad,«fi*>*ifl«4ia4^  4*- 
id  dacrotu  otdar.  tiiat  tha 
It,  caayocttva^r-AM  la  ta 


CONVEYANCES. 


m 


I'X:-?  j.^"!'  '?'Tl"'  J-''«n..iy,  .no  ma  aald 
h  I.  "  Mitral  ■uardlana  ad 


paraonally,  and  iha  aald 


*.V",'".^'J  *•.'•  ••>•"'>)'  ••v.rnlly  uppuiiiwd  and 
»ujhorli«l  for  ihti  purpoM  )-unll«  with  tha  laid 
riraraa  and  truaia*  in  lueh  d««d  or  d«*d(  of  coa> 
viirancaj  and  that  ih*  aald  W.  X.,  if  llvlna. 
unlta  In  tha  aald  daad  or  daada  aa  auch  ■■•cutria 
!?  Vrl?"'!'  •""*  '"  «•••  »*>•  "'««  «•  D.  (hould 
L**f!"  "»•••'<«  ••'•  •<»<«  convayanca.  than  it 
waa  ardarad  that  no  proeaadlnaa  ba  had  lowarda 

•Main  latlara  of  admlnlairatlon  with  tha  will  an- 
"*.".  ^.'^J***,!?**!'  'hcMala  and  cradlta  not  ad- 
m  nlatarad  of  Iha  daaadant,  W.  D..  tharaby  lafl 
*"i!?"'i^  paraoiial  rapraaantatlva.  and  that  tha 

jrZ^Lf.^'"'"*  T^"  ';'*•"  •'  •Jmlnlatratlon 
ilM  nalta  aa  auch  in  tha  aald  daad  or  daada  of 
convayaoaa.  And  wharaaa  tha  aald  K.  R.  T..  tha 
,  pnrty  of  tha  Arat  part,  aa  rafaroa  or  truataa 
(foraaald.  In  purauanca  of  tha  aald  daeratal  ordar 

"'  *l>*.**"  Murt,  did,  on  tha day  of .  aall 

•t  publle  auction,  at  tha ,  In .In  tha  county 

J'  ""T- V'V*"'*'?*  haralnallar  mantionad  and 
dticribad.  tfua  notiea  of  tha  tlma  and  placa  of 
•uch  aola  baing  llrat  givan,  agraaably  to  Iha  aald 
dtcratal  ordar,  by  advartlalng  tha  aama  for  thria 
*!il*  •"<•  «f  waj^a,  twica  aach  waah,  in  a  nawa- 
pipar  publiahad  In  tha  city  of ,  and  for  thraa 

r.-**/^?l?i.''t%*^'?"«*  ••«•»  *»••'«. »»  •  Mwa- 
papar  publiahad  in  tha  county  of ,  in  which 

"''i?*''JK!i,»'  •'»•  r»P«rty  totaaold  li  aituatad, 
•uch  a^vartlaamani  baIng  aa  In  tha  caaa  of  aala^ 
of  mortgagad  pramiaaa  in  aulta  for  tho  foracloaura 

lua  barainaftar  daaeribad  wara  auuch  off  to  the 
•ad  party  of  tha  third  part  for  thaaSm  of  -Z! 

Mma,  and  ba  baing  tha  hlghaat  biddar  tharafor: 
DMiSth-        «»"*«y«'»««  (««•.  •»■  laiUntuM)  wit- 
That  tha  aaid  party  of  tha  Brat  part,  aa  rafaraa 
:±S*2:S  f  Sf"-**".  •»««  «»•  pSiiaa  if  thi 
X?f,?^2!^  J"  *.•"  Praaanto,  In  ordar  to  carry 

l^iK^J  *?i  '"  ?""«»»»«•  of  aald  dacraul  ordar, 
ind  in  conaidaration  of  tha  pramiaaa.  and  of  tha 

to  tha  aafd  party  of  tha  Irat  port,  tha  racaipt 
*'**J^!J^  V^^  acknowladgad  by  tba  aald 
VMfotth*  Brat  port,  hava  ba^alnoi  and  aoM, 
■nd  by  thaaa  praaanta  do  bargain,  aall  and  convoy 
unto  tlia  aald  party  of  tha  thTrd  oait  all  that  cVr- 
Wn  lot.  placa  or  paraal  of  Uad  (itrv /UttmUJit 
*KriM/»m^  l»t/rtmtitt  eumtftd),  togothar  with 
HI  and  aiogular  tha  Mnamanta,  karSdta!mratt. 
and  apptiTiMnancaa  tharaunto  balancing,  or  in 
anywiaa  appartidnlng,  and  tha  rovaraon  and  r^ 
rcraiona,  ramaiadar  and  ramalndaro,  ranu.  laauaa. 

SSL'^fe!?!?*''  '^  ^  •'!  «»•••«•»•.  right 
g-"*- '■«•**«  .(''.'"*«  •«•  Hght  of  dowar).  proparty 
pninaalon,  claim  and  damaad  whntaoavar.  aa 

7^  :»Jf  !1S JS  •'"Ji^'  •'-"'?  -^  pnSSiiiVtbi 
*"  "  *       ■"    "  Mramiaaa, 


r«itVM«N«*_|Ulo«n« 

To  all  paepla  to  whom  thaaa  praaanta 
I,  A.  B..  C.  "     "   ■•    — -•  •••     ■-■- 


.  O.,  B.  r.  and  W. 


coma  _ 

Thie  conmyanca  (»r  dawl,  tic  ), 


ahall 

hia  wifa,  af 


,  ate.,  to 


H.i 


mada  thia  — - 
,  au.,  witnaa» 


fha  tiWnK  r«f  — TcouMy  of  ^' i?au  o^^^ 
(In  Ih*  aciiMl  pomMlon  and  Mliln  of  ih«  Mid  H 
Bounded,  limited,  and  daaeribad  aa  followa. 


day  of ^,  byA 

eth.    Or, 
Know  all  men  by  thaaa  praaanta,  etc. 

[fiuert  rttiUlt,  tit  ,  (/ mm,.) 

i»  .t**  Jl^**.}" '  «»»•«••'««  Portlea  of  tha  Arat  part. 

In  conaidaration  of  tha  aum  of dollaraMha 

receipt  of  which  ta  hereby  aehnowladged"  do  by 
thaaa  praaanta  remlaa.  relaaaa,  and  forever  jult- 

S-Wn."".'!?  It*  "l"  ^  'j  •»"•  «•  "»•  helra^Und 
aaalgna,  all  tha  eauta  and  eaMtaa.  aharea.  our- 

KVeirill'ii*;""'  1*^1  »'«'••  '"'•'•.•t'pfo^ 

erty.  claim  and  demand  whataeever  of  iheoi.  the 
parliea  of  tha  Arat  part,  in  law  or  equity,  or  other. 
«rt  .•l.T-?'''T'v»r'2'  *?•  •'  "»•«  oJall'tliai  ir«  . 

8r.'\2atKrri?'j^°'';^^«-/L«fi>'"«s?.««>'ng_h; 

^^^^  __  _^_^^^^  I ». 

together  with  all  and  aingular  the  bulliflnga,  Im- 
provemenu,  righu,  membara,  and  appurtanancea 
rJ'^^rr?'  »»'•'?•••««'»  belonging  or  ^n  anywlM 
rfi^^"'"*'  ■"?  «»>e  raveraiona  and  ramalndert, 
•••"••ilMuoc,  and  proAta  thereof. 
To  have  and  to  hold  all  and  aingular  tha  pram- 

«M  M  •  *hi^t'?'**'  '^*  'Pf  ""•"•ncea,  unto  the 
aald  H.  I.,  hia  haira  and  aaalgna,  forever,    go  that 

«'iS:'«»  .s^  •"'*'•'•  •>«v*««'  ••••ro.  nor  eithr; 

or  any  of  tbani,  nor  any  other  pereon  or  paraona 

t',^Z"L'''*^'  'r»'""y  «taimlngi?to  clilinby' 
from  or  under  them  or  any  of  them,  ahall  or  may 

Jh.VJL**'"*  ?  "•"!?  haraaltar.  hive,  claim;  oV 
challenge,  or  demand  any  eauta,  right,  title,  or 
Interaat  o^  In,  to,  or  ouf  of  tba  aafl  premlMa, 
etc.,  haradlumanta.  etc.,  or  any  part  or  pareei 
fbereof:  but  thereof  and  tbarafhim  ahall  anSTwII 
ba  utterly  aacludad  and  forovar  dabarrod  by  thaaa 
praaanta.  ' 

lnwltnaaa,atG. 
For  form  of  AcKNOWLaDOMaNT,  *«e  that  title. 

Sui^t  u  mm  OiUbmMnt  W*  Bilmt*. 


of 
parti 


r^^^XSSH  5L  ^  <"»«'«•'  oj  «<<«  Pcny  of  the  flrel 
part),  hoMa  Car  tha  term  of  bar  uatiiml  Ufa  tha 
pramlaao  haralnafter  daaeribad,  tha  ravataton  and 

arat  part  and  hia  halrai 

ntimh?'*  ••"'^'•■^  t*'  <'^'  •^  '"dcwwa)  wif 


them,  of.  In  and  to  tha  abova-daacribad  prai 
•ndlmjannpaft  and  pnioal  tbaraof.  wltSTthiV^ 

To  havo  nod  to  bold  all  and  atngulnr  tha  above- 

s:"?!s:tr**  ^o-iribad  v^^ss^^^m 

.wl/SKMkS?l?!f'  "1*»  «?•  "^  |3rty  of  tba 
third  port,  hia  baira  and  aaaigtia  ioravar. 
IQ  witaaaa  wharoof,  tbaaaSl  partlao  of  tha  Arat 

K.  R.T.,  Tmummmd 

A.  X. ,  Ailmimblratri*,  rtcXStml 

H.  X..  l^ 

W.  X.,  tSmf 

W.  X.,  XjntnMx,  tit.  [Sua: 

I.  N.  and  [Siml. 


r.  T.,  by 

Hf  ni4.  aanlad  and  daUvarad  p"""* 
«  wo  praaanca  of  / 


ISm/.] 


mJSiSMS  '^^  JP'.^"  "'  tho  Arat  port.  In  conah. 

•'•«on  of dollara,  to  him  pdd  by  tha  aaid 

parWef  U>o  aaeopd  part,  tho  rmipt  whwaof  la 
hereby  achnowladga4jhaa  and  by  thaaa  pi^nta 
doaa  grant,  barnTn,  aall.  nllan,  ramlaa,  ralcMae. 
convmr  and  conlrm  unto  tha  ^nid  party  ofttTa 
aacona  part.^hia  bate*  and  aaalgna.  ^or^ar;  &m 

To  have  and  to  hold  tho  oald  ravaralen  aad  rc- 

S^2fcSI;i'ii*?lV*"*"'  '•*^'  •"*  ?'•«»•  «•>"«■ 

it  ■  !?Jti^'.^»^J' "«?"  !^•  ■••»»'  •'  ••««» 
M.  ■..  In  and  of  all  and  aingular  tha  abova-jtranteil 
pramiaaa,  togathar  with  iSa  appartaMncMTunM 

AndUia  aald  partyof  tha  Arat  part,  fbr  himaelf, 
hto  halm,  aaecutora  aad  admlntotraton.  doaa  mv^ 
»•»*:  promlaa  and  bgraa.  to  and  «rltii  tha  aaid 
partyoftbeaacond  part,  hia  hairaandnaalgna.  that 
&'r**  R"W»J»*«"T?  parttotawlWwSWdfn 
K!f!:?J*«"*'*.«?^'»«>^"*«  andlndafaaa" 
h'*  USa  '?  ramaind*.  in  tha  faa  of  aald  pram- 
l^'lS^  ft"  •PP'wtOMmcaa. Immadlatahrfrom 
?.?*-*?y.  •*.•  *•«««•  of  tha  aald  M.  B^JifeJZ 


Far  form  of  XciCNom.aDOMmiT.  tee  thai  Ulla.         |  22?  ***^  ^  *•  *'~*'*~**  *V.  wlllact  ■»  afcm- 


11 


jt6 


CONVEYANCES. 


Thit  «•»•  t^W  r«v«r»lon  •«<  wmalndw  now  li. 
•nd  111*  Mid  pramlMa  tni  •ppuM«n«nc«.  •<«"»•• 
aial*^  from  and  oflof  »»•  *••«•«  of  ih«  Mid  W 
■..•iMUlMf^M  f^om  all  ln«umbraMp«(<»ctut*» 
•furtnuld),  that  tho  Mid  party  of  tha  *«t  part  haa 
good  rlfiit.full  powar.  and  lawful  enthorttr  to 
•onvay  Tha  Mma  aa  afortMid,  and  that  ahar  tha 
daeaaaa  of  tha  Mid  W.  B..  ha,  and  hia  haira,  a.- 
aautora  and  admlnlatratora  will  warrant  and 
dafand  tha  abovaarantad  ffamlMa  and  appurta 
naneaa  to  tha  Mid  C.  D.,hla  haIra  and  aaalgna, 
foravar,  agalnat  tha  lawful  damanda  of  aU  par- 

Tn* "wltnaaa  wharaof.  tha  mU  party  of  tha  flrat 
part  haa  haraunto  Mt  hIa  hand  and  Mai,  tha  day 
and  yaar  «r»t  abova  writtan.  ^  ^ 

Baacutad  and  dallvarad ) 
In  proMnca  of  ) 

fur  form  of  AcKMowLaooMiirr,  «aa  that  tllta. 

Sm  FaaMiaaa  in  UiaiM,  aba**. 


8aa  SHMivr'a  Daana  la  varioua  SutM,  ania. 
OMiVM««e»-T«NliaM|r  •■  C«BiBi»". 

Cr,:»tit^  »  Tnutmy  m  C*mm»m. 

Thia  convayanca  (ar  d«ed,«r  indtniure),  mada  tha 

—  day  of ,  by  A.  B.,  of county.  In  tha 

aiata  of *an<I  w   li.,  hl>  wife),  of  tha  flrat  part, 

■Dd  C  D,  and  B.  F.,  o* county.  In  tho  tuta 

«f ,  of  tha  aacend  part,  w  Itnaaaath  i 

That  tha  Mid  p«rt»  i*r  partlMi  of  tha  flrat  part. 

In  conaldat alloo  of  tha  aum  of dolUra  to  him 

(tr  ih«m)  paid  by  tha  Mid  partlaa  of  tha  aacond 
part,  tha  rMat»t  of  which  la  haraby  achnowl- 
adiad,  baa  l»r  hava)  ((mnud,  barnlneil.  loM, 
■litnwl,  lamliad,  rtlaaMd,  conveyed.  «od  con«rm«l), 
and  by  thaM  proaonta  doaa  (ar  do)  grant,  bar- 

taln,  Mil,  allan,  romlM,  ralaaaa,  convay  and  con- 
rra  unto  tha  Mid  pmUm  of  tha  aMond  port. 
Md  to  thair  haira  and  aartgna.  and  tha  outWvor 
of  tham.  and  tha  haira  and  aaatgna  of  tha  aurvt- 
vor  of  tiam,  foravar,  all  ^ktrt/JUw,  /*#  *«»■  <fj! 
ti,m  ^  Ik,  trtmUii  rwiwjW),  tofjthar  with  all 
and  aingular  tha  Mnamanta,  haradiumanta  and 
appurtanancM  tharounto  balonging  orinanywiM 
appartaining,  and  tha  ravareien  and  rovoratona. 
ramaindar  and  ranaaindafa.  rantt.  tajaaa  and 
proAta  tharaof:  and  alao  aU  tha  aaMta.  right, 
titta,  intaraat  (dow«r,»r  right  of  down"),  proMrtor, 
poaaanion,  claim  and  damand  whataeawor,  of  th« 
aaldparty  (f  parilaa)  of  tha  flrat  part,  both  la  law 
and  (n  ajuity.  of,  in,  and  to  tho  abovo-Kraatad 
pramiMalwitt  tho  haradiumanta  aad  a»parto- 

"to  hara  and  to  hold  all  aad  ainaular  tha  abovo- 
grantad  pramia«a.  togathar  wi*  tha  afyurto- 
Sanem  and  avary  part  thoroof.  oato  tiio  Mid 
partiaa  of  tha  aacond  part,  thair  haira  aad  u- 
aSrsj:  ferovar,  aa  taaaala  In  common,  aad  not 


tm*n) 


lS»mt  <u  «*#«•,  *M.*tl  tlM  Ik*  kmttndumwtll  t*) ; 
To  hava  and  to  hoM  aH  and  atagular  tho  abova- 


fbthar,  mothar  and  alatara.  by  a  Mnvayance  H 
Iruat  of  Iha  proparly  haralnaftar  mantionad,  lub- 
lect,  howavar,  to  Iha  roMrvatlona  horain  pio- 
vidad,  and  to  tha  truata  and  powara  harotn  (on> 
talnadi 

Now  thia  (onvayaaM  (#r  dead,  •r  ladmiure) 
wttnaaMth  i  ^         . , 

That  tha  Mid  party  of  tha  Aral  part,  for  and  in 

aonatdaration  of  tha  aum  of dollara,  to  tham 

paid  by  tha  Mid  portlM  of  tha  aacond  part,  Iha 
racaipt  of  which  (a  haraby  acknawladgad,  hava 
grantad,  bargainad,  Mid,  alianad.  ramlaad,  tt- 
iMaad,  convayad  aM  conArmad,  and  by  then 
praMnta  do  grant,  bargain,  mU,  allan,  ramtaa,  re- 
laoM,  aonvay  and  conUrm  unto  tha  Mid  parliei 
of  tha  aMOod  part,  and  to  thair  auccaaMra  and 
aaaigna  foravar,  all  (km /tilt-  Ikt  4tKri/i»*n  i/ 

Togathar  with  all  and  aingular  tha  tanan-enu, 
haradiumanta  and  appurUMOMa  tharaunia  ba- 
longing, or  In  anywiM  apparUlaing.  and  tha  re- 
varaion  aad  ravaraiona,  ramaindar  and  ramaln- 
dara,  ranu,  Imum,  and  proAM  tharMf  i  and  alto 
all  tha  aauu,  right,  tlUa.  inloraat.  proparly, 
poaaaaoloa,  alaim  aad  domaad  whaiaoovar  of  Iha 
Mid  party  of  tha  flrat  part,  both  in  law  and 
In  aaulty,  of.  In  and  W  tho  abovo-grantod  pram- 
laM,  with  tha  baradiumanu  aad  appurtanancaa : 

To  hava  aad  to  hold  all  aad  aingular  tha  abova- 
grantad  pramiaM,  togathar  with  tho  appurta- 
aancM,  and  avary  part,  unto  tha  mM  party  of  tha 
Mcond  port,  hIa  haira  and  aaaigaa,  forovar.  ( 0 
Ik4r*  it  any  Intumtrmmtt  4uU,  ku^eu  to,  tlc.ifttt 

It  la.howttvar,  tobo  Uken  and  undoratood  m 

Jiart  of  thia  iodantura,  and  aa  limlUog  oAd  can- 
rolling  tha  grant  haraby  mada  U  tho  party  hara- 
to  of  tha  Moon'1  prrt,  that  tha  party  boroto  of  tha 
flrat  part  haraby  ratalna  and  roMrvoo  tha  PMmc- 
aloB,  UM,  eocupatioa,  rantt,  Imum  and  proAta  of 
tha  pramiMO  liaraby  convoyod,  far  tho  purpoee 
of  paytog,  and  nnUI  tho  mortgago  ttooa  no« 
oBiotliMi  upon  tho  aald  promloMatakl  bo  paid  c.i 
•r  diocbargod,  auoh  rotalnlag  aad  roMrvattoa  of 
tha  poaaaaaton,  nop.  OMU|jatIon,  ronu.  ioauaa  and 
proflta  net.  hewovar.  U  Mtond  boyond  thoj — 

Say  of ,  but  U  torutaau  aoonar  if  tho  afora- 

aoid  mortgago  Uoim  oball  bo  aoonar  paid  off  or 
diMbarfoirSr  IfboihlTik  aad  W.  ■..tho  father 
and  mo«iar  of  tbo  aarty  horou  of  tho  flrat  part, 
ahon  aoaiiar  dopart  l^ialtfa  I 

In  trtwt,  BovorthaloM.  a«b)Mt  U  tho  roaarva- 
tion  ahroaaid,  that  tho  Mid  party  of  tho  Mcond 
part,  hia  haira,  aiMcooaora  and  aaatf  aa,  ahaU  man- 
aga  Mid  proMrty  barobM  •Mvayod,  aad  ohall  ap- 
pTy  tha  not  Incoma  aa4  proflu,  aflar  doducting 
For  rapaita.  U«m,  aoaaoaaiantt  and  iMuranca, 
which  ahad,  from  Umo  U  Mm;,  te  rMltMd  ftrom 
tha  pramioM  haraby  OMivovod,  to  tho  oaU  ami 
MpmU  uaa  of  tha  oaM  W.Jt.,  dtwtng  har  Mt- 
"  ■"-  nao 


granted  pramloao,  togathar  wlQi  tho  apf  <>rto- 
Saneu  and  ovary  part  thoroof  unw  «m  aald 
V.  and  B.  r.,  tholr  holra  and  aaotena.  fei 
■joint  unanu,  and  not  m  unanU  In  cobl-.-. 
For  (brm  of  AcKHowuuioinaiT,  «aa  that  Ullo. 
C*Mv«y*M««-Tn»fl  .0MdL 
A(  TVmH  M  &i>M*  ¥  Grmmtn'*  ^PlMTtnlt,  w^k 
J^mr a^ A^mtm4nU  l0  tkim.amdm  XutrmUtm 
af  Rtutt  hr  Ptymna  V  Jkemmtrumet*. 
TWa  convayanca  '*r  dead,  »r  ludentura)  tripar- 

tiu.madathlii *V«'-r"'>  '*"~:'S^**? 

A.  i,  of  — -.  narty^^a  flrat  parVMd  C.  D..  of 

,  party  of  tha  aaaend  PMt.  and  W^ ,  of , 

wifo  WU.  B.,  of .  party  M  tbo  third  par* : 

Whoroao.  tho  undoralgnad  ta  doalraua  to  njaka 
a  provial9a  and  Mttlanant  for  tba  banafit  of  hia 

•Omit  thaM  worda,  unlaaa  a  wifc  Joint. 


party  of  tho  aacond  part  ;"aa«ondly7ln  Jraai  from 

Oaath  oft»»_r**^l?-'".W7«5?2"  "2 
incoma  and  prpflu  aa  (bay  ahall  from  *~  » 
ttuo  arlM,  w  tho  Mia  noo  of  tho  ootid  B.  B.,  and 
fefthTrappartof  himMf  --d  family  *«*lng  hia 
Ufa.  It  la  (Ciiar  undarotood  and  to  bauken  aa 
part  of  thia  convayaneajhat  Uio  P«g»rw  and 
oramlaM  haraby  coovoyad  at  tho  daath  of  tna 
■Mid  BTaitdW:  B.  oholl  vool  In  tho  obUdron  of 


tho  aald  B.  R,  or  In  a  tmatoa  or  truMoM  flir  th« 
bonoflt,  in  oii^h  oharM  •i>4jPrt>P«><rtioi»>  ">*  "> 
nehMUtM  aa  tha  oatd  B.  a.  ofiall  tar  a  convay 
aaeo  or  laol  wUt  aad  tMtauont  ordor  and  ap- 

POittto 

It  baln«  M  bo  fnrthor  ondonMsod  and  tahon  u 

Rart  of  tlla  Indonturo,  that  ««»•  "'l":  "t.^^ 
ava  tho  power  of  ordoritg^aod  •Vf^f^^ 
dlotribttting  among,  ot  !■  twU  forWaobUgaa. 
tho  fbo-olmpia  of  aald  proporty,  "rt^i**^ 
ttaarola.  oitliar  br  a.canvajfapca  or  ly  ■  '-«y.j' 
and  tartanunt.oatjaat  to  tba  ^S|mM mm»v» 
tion  and  Ufa IntoroS^and In Mek aiiwMMdfr^ 
porUona,  and  In  aiteh  uaMur  aa  ha  ■Mttw^" 
SmIcmu  aad  dirMt,  provtdad,  howavar,  that  m 


CONVEYANCES. 


.1" 


ttottra,  by  •  Mnvayanct  ii 
^  haralnaflw  manlleiMd,  (ulr 
th*  raMrvallan*  harain  pta- 
ru«M  and  p«w«r«  haratn  «oiv 

ranaa    (*r  dead,  «r    laakviura) 

ty  af  Iha  Ant  aarl,  far  and  in 
■  (um  af  -—  aellara,  la  Iham 
trtlaa  af  tha  aacond  part,  (h* 

haraby  aaknawladgad,  hav* 
.  mM,  alianad,  ramlaad,  it- 
M  caitAriiia4.  and  by  lk«H 
kanaln,  aall,  allan,  ramlaa,  rt- 
Banhrm  unla  lha  aald  parti«« 
,  and  to  thair  aucvaaaara  and 

yktr*  /0tlami  tlu  tburiflttn  </ 

I  and  ainf  ular  lha  lanairanU, 
appurtaaanaaa  tharaunia  ba- 
>taa  apparuilning,  and  Uia  r*- 
4ana,  ramalndar  aad  raaialn- 
•nd  praAu  tharaofi  and  alto 
ht,  tttla,  IntaraM,  preparly, 
od  daataMi  whauaavar  of  tht 
irat  part,  both  In  law  and 
t  to  tha  abova-frantad  prtm- 
litamanu  and  appurtanancii : 
>M  all  and  aingular  tha  abovt- 
tofathor  wlui  tha  appurta* 
Mrt,  unto  tha  aald  party  of  iht 
■         forovt 


ai'ra  and'aaataaa,  farovar.  ( I) 
r»iK*  mtttt,  tulvtci  lo,  tit.,  tfJit 

t  ba  Uken  and  nndaratood  aa 
ura,  and  aa  Umltlag  mM  eon- 
loraby  mada  to  tho  party  hara- 
rt,  that  tha  party  batata  of  tha 
taina  and  raaarvaa  tha  pMaaa- 


an,  ranu,  laauaa  and  prokta  af 
by  aonvayad,  fbr  tha  purpaaa 
nUI  tha  mortiafa  liana  now 
laM  ptamlaaa  alMll  ba  paM  ett 
li  ratalninf  and  raaarvMioa  of 
I,  oeauiMUlon.  rania,  laauaa  and 
w.lo  aatand  bayond  tha« — 
tatminnu  aoonar  If  tha  afort- 
na  iA»U  ba  aoanar  paid  oil  or 
»th Tb.  nnd  W.  ■..tha  ibthtr 

parM  harota  of  tho  Arat  part, 
iSlallfat 

kalaao.  nub|act  lo  tha  raaawra- 
it  tha  aald  party  of  tha  aacond 
laaaora  nod  ualc na,  ahnli  man- 
iMtahy  8««vayai.  and  ahall  ap- 
a  awl  proAU,  nnar  daductlog 
,  aaaaaamoiita  and  Inaiiranea, 
tloM  to  tlma,  ba  ranlliad  from 
1^  eenvavad,  t*  tha  aala  and 
10  aald  W.  •.,  dwiiig  har  aat- 
dlashargad  tnm  any  righia  ar 
Mt  har  EiMband :  tha  M»M«ta 
int  «f  tha  aiUd  W.  B.  tharafar. 
semplata  dtawhargaaf  tha  aald 
d  part ;  aaaandly.  In  tniM  from 
d/W.  B..  to  apply  tha  a^  nat 
la  aa  Diay  ahall  frMB  ttma  te 
aola  OM  wT  tha  aald  B.  B..  nnd 
himaat'  :^A  family  da^i  hit 
undaratoad  and  to  b«  takan  •• 
■yanea,  that  tta  frovarty  and 
Movwad  at  tha  Math  of  th« 
I.  ahall  vaal  In  tha  ahildran  of 
n  a  iranaa  or  tmataaa  fcr  thaIr 
haraa  ma4  Broporttona,  and  M 
la  aatd  B.  B.  ahall  bjr  •  eoavay 

and  taatMsant  ordar  and  ap- 

irthar  undarMood  and  tnban  at 
itura,  thnt  tha  Mid  B.  &  tbU 
of  erdoriag  and  •PP*ihS%i^ 
If,  Of  ta  wmt  forlfc  ehuAjj. 
Faald  proparty,  or  lann  wtfctj 
n.eon<^finn  y  ^  *  ytfir- 

ucb  maaaaraa  ha  ahaK«Mr>» 
raat,  provldad,  hawoMr.  that  m 


laaal  ana-fourth  part  tharaaf  ahall  ba  appolnud 
to  lha  UM  of  lha  party  hcrtto  of  tl:>  firal  part. 

It  being  tho  intiKl  and  mtonlr.g  h«r*o(  to 
clotha  lh«  Mid  B.  R.  with  all  ih«  power  and 
ajthorlly  ov«r  ihr««  rourih*  of  ■■Id  ••tat*  or 
proparty,  In  dlairlbuimy  tti«  ••ma  ■mona  hlo 
chlfdrtn,  lubjact  to  miJ  rtMrvailoii  and  lira  In- 
l«r«al*,  aa  tha  party  of  lha  Arat  part  would  hava 
had,  had  not  Ihla  Indinlura  baan  <Macul«d. 

And  II  la  furthar  undtratood  and  to  ba  lakan  aa 
part  of  Ihia  aonvayanca,  that  If  lha  powar  of  ap- 
pointmant  and  diatributlon  aforaaald  ahall  not  ba 
aaarciaad  by  tha  aald  •.  H.  during  hia  llfailma, 
that  lha  aaraa  may  ba  aaarciaad  by  tba  aald  W.  B. , 
who,  upon  the  daalh  of  tha  aald  B.,  wlihoul 
having  by  a  convayanca  ar  laal  will  and  laata- 
mant  aaarciaad  tha  powar  and  authority  haraby 
grantad,  ahall  hava  tha  aama  powar  and  authority. 

And  tha  aald  parly  harato  of  lha  aacond  part  la 
haraby  aulharltad  and  diraclad  lo  convay  lha 
proparty  and  premlaaa  haiain  and  haraby  con- 
vavad  In  purauanca  and  upon  lha  tarnna  of  lha 
order  and  appointment  of  the  aald  B.  or  W.  B. 
legally  made  under  the  provialooa  of  ihia  convey- 
ance (•'',  dani  »r  Indsiiiurn) 

Thia  conveyance  (or  deed,  *r  Indantur*)  fkirthar 
witnaaaelh,  that  lha  aald  party  of  the  Aret  part, 
for  and  In  conaldaratlon  of  iho  aum  of  tan  dollara 
to  him  In  hand  paid  by  the  aald  party  of  the  third 
part,  tha  receipt  whereof  la  hereby  acknowledged , 
and  tha  aald  party  of  lha  third  part  faravar  dla- 
chargad  tharefrom,  hath  granted,  bargained,  aold, 
aaaignad,  tranafarrad  and  aat  avar,  and  by  thaaa 
preeania  dath,  fbr  himaalf,  hta  haira  and  aaalgna, 
grant,  bargain,  aall,  aaalgn.  (ranafer  and  aat  over 
ir  of  tho    ■ 


aid  puny  of  tho  third  part,  har  heire 
a,  all  the  aalale,  oremleee  and  properly 


unto  tha  aald 
and  aaalgna,  al 

heralnbafora  daacribad  and  intanded  to^ba'^con- 
veyed,  If  any,  which  ara  not  legally  vaaled  In  or 
canvayad  to  tha  aald  party  ol  tho  aacond  part, 
hia  balra  and  aaalgna,  by  virtua  of  tho  oaacutlon 
of  thIa  lodantura.  fbr  tha  uaaa  and  purpoaea  here- 
Inbafora  mantlonad,  or  wblch  cannot  bo  claimed 
by  tba  banafkalarlaa  under  or  through  tha  truata, 
or  paraoaa,  or  tha  axacutloa  Iharaor,  herein  or 
haraundar  Intandad  to  ba  legally  created,  author- 
lead  and  eaacutad,  reaarvtoa  and  retaining,  how- 
ever, to  tho  aald  party  of  tho  Aret  pan,  the  uee, 
oeaupatten,  ranIa,  laauea  and  proAta  of  tha  cald 

firoparty  and  pramlaae,  for  tha  period  herelnbe- 
ora  raaarvad  and  retained. 
In  witneaa  wharaof,  tha  aald  partiee  have  her«- 
unta  act  their  handa  (and  taaU),  tha  day  and  year 
Arat  above  written. 

_  ...  {Stgmmlmre*  tiiid  tf»/i) 

■aacutadanddellyarad) 
in  preaanea  of  / 

For  form  of  AcKnoWLaooMairT,  ic«  that  Uiia. 

Thla  convayanca  (#r  deed,  #r  Indentura),  made 

»•»»• *«y  •' — r>  *»  •«>*  batwaan  A.  a,  of 

— -  county.  In  tha  ttata  of .  of  tha  Arat  part. 

and  B.  r..  of county.  In  tha  tuta  of — -.  of 

iS*.'^'*  I^J-  f^S-  "•'  •' •aunty.  In  tho 

■'51*  "'  TT' "'  »»»•«•»"  PWt,  wliaaaaath  i 

That  aald  party  of  tba  Arat  part.  In  conaldara- 
tlon of  tha  aum  of dollara,  tha  receipt  of 

which  U  haraby  achnawladgad,  doaa  by  thaaa 
praaanu  graat,  bargain,  aaU  aad  convey  unto  aald 
party  of  Oia  Mcpnd  part,  bla  auccaaaora  and  aa- 
algna, all  tha  feUowing  daacribad  real  aaUta,  ait- 
oalad  In  tha  county  of — ,aad  Stau  of  : — , 

To  hava  and  to  hold  tho  aama,  toaathar  with  all 
aad  aingular  tha  tanaraanta.  haradlumante.  and 
appurtaaanaaa  tharaanto  balaafllng,  or  In  any- 
wtoa  apparta^alnc,  foravar.  lafMiln  truat.  nav- 
arthalaaa.  and  to  and  for  tba  ufoa.  Intaraau  and 
pnrpMoa  haralnafter  limited,  daacribad  and  da- 
darad-that  la  to  aay,  in  traat,  to  (tui*  tkt  >«r. 

And  aald  party  of  tho  Arat  part  doaa  haraby 
covraant,  promlaa,  and  agraa  that  tha  wlthln- 

-r^'tf'"!?.'"**  "if  ^—'  "•W.  tw*  diacbarged 
of  and  from  all  Inoumbrancaa.  of  whatavar  nature 
—  ^^hd  aoavor ;  and  that  ha  wUl  warrant  and  for- 
dafeiid  tha  wmo  unto  aald  partlaa  of  tha  aac-  I 


and  and  third  parte,  their  aucceaaofo  and  aaalgn% 
agalnat  aald  party  of  lha  Arat  part,  hia  haIra,  end 
■n  end  avary  paraon  or  paraona  whomeoever, 
lawrullv  claiming  or  te  claim  tha  aama. 

And  the  aald  party  of  tha  aecond  perl  covenant 
faithfully  to  perform  and  rVilAI  the  iruau  herein 
created. 

In  witnaaa  whereof,  the  aald  partlaa  have  here- 
unto aet  their  handa,  the  day  and  year  Arat  above 

""il"*"'.  ...  .  l-»«~^>       A.  B. 

■aaculed  In  preaance  of  B.  P. 

W.  T.,N.».  c.a 

lur  furm  of  AtKNuwLBiMiMiHT,  aaa  thai  ilila. 

<'«av»yNN«)«>~Warn»Ntir  Dvaxla. 

Saa  lunna  (Ivan  lur  lha  varluua  Sum,  aula 

('•■  y ay  •««••- W«rr*e»tjr  Paa*. 

Thla  conveyance  ulacil,  or  imUmural,  mada  Ihia 

---  day  of ,  In  the  year ,  between  A.  B., 

of county.  In  the  Stat*  of (amlW.  U.hu 

wlt«),  of  tha  Arat  part,  and  C.  D.,of ,  In  tha 

btate  of ,  of  lha  aacond  fstx,  witneeealh  : 

That  lha  aald  parly  t«r  p.iriir«>  of  the  Aral  part, 
In  conaldaratlon  of  lha  aum  of dallare,  law- 
ful money  of  the  United  llataa,  lo  him  («r  iham) 
paid  by  the  aald  party  of  lha  aacond  part,  at  or 
before  the  'Maling  and)  delivery  of  Ibeaa  preeenlik 
the  receipt  whereof  la  hereby  acknowledged 
and  lha  aald  party  of  lha  aacond  part,  hie  heira 
aaecutor*  and  admlnlalratora,  forever,  releaaaa 
and  diachargad  from  tba  aame  by  Iheaa  preaanta; 
haa,  and  bv  thaaa  preaanta  dooa  («r  du;  grant, 
bargain,  aall,  alien,  remlea,  relaaaa,  convey  and 
conArm  unto  the  aald  party  of  tba  aacond  part, 
and  to  hia  heira  and  aaalgna,  forever,  all  (4<r«/«/. 
Iinv  Iht  Jtitrif  ••  ff  tkf  /rrM»«j>,  together  with 
all  and  alngu  the  Unomanu.  heredlumenu 
and  appurlaiiancea  Iharaunto  belonging  or  In 
anywiaa  appertaining,  and  tba  ravaralon  and  ra- 
verelone,  ramalndar  and  rcmalndara,  ranta,  laeuea 
and  proAu  thereof;  and  alaoall  the  eelate,  right, 
title,  Intaraat  (duwar  and  right  nf  iluwar),  property, 
poeaeaalon,  claim  and  demand  whataoever,  both 
in  law  and  In  aqully,  of  thi  aald  parly  (or  panlcal 
of  lha  Arat  part,  of,  in  and  lo  lha  above-granud 
premlaaa,  and  every  part  and  parc^  thereof,  with 
the  appurtanancea : 

To  have  and  to  hold  and  aingular  tha  abova- 
granted  premlaaa,  logather  with  the  appurta- 
nancea and  every  part  thereof,  unto  the  aald 
party  of  the  aecond  part,  hia  halt*  and  aaalgna, 
forever.  {(/  Iktrt  ii  any  immmdtntut  n.iit  il  ikmi  ; 
tubjaci,  hiiwavrr,  lu  a  certiiin  imjcniiiri!  c.f  morigng*  lor 

dollan,  and  dated ,  and  recunlcd  In  lha  nlKce 

of ,  in  mortgage  record ,  at  page    — ,  and  alao 

tuh|ect,c(c.) 

And  tha  aald  A.  B.  {wtmimf  enh  ih*  p»rty  w*4 
vmrrmntt),  for  hiraaalf,  hia  haIra,  axecutora  and 
admlnlatratora,  doaa  covenant,  promlaa,  and 
agree,  to  and  with  tho  aaid  party  of  lha  eecond 
part,  bla  haira  and  aaalgna,  that  tha  aald  A.  B.,  at 
tha  tinr  <  of  tho  (acallng  and  I  delivery  of  theaa  prea- 
entt,  la  «  lUUy  aaUad  In  bla  own  right  («r  Hktr. 
fit*,  at  tht  cat*  mt^tt),  of  a  good,  abooluta,  and 
Indafaaalbia  aetata  of  Inherltanca,  In  fee  eimple, 
of  and  in  all  and  aingular  tha  abova-ftant'  I  and 
daacribad  pramlaaa,  with  tha  appurtanancaa  ({/ 
coHvtftJ  nljttt  ta  itutuHirttnct  tay,  iub{oct  aa  afurt 
•aid  I :  and  haa  good  right,  full  powar  and  lawful  au- 
thority to  grant,  bargain,  aall  and  convey  the  eama 
in  mannar  aforaaald.  And  that  tha  aald  party  of 
tha  aacond  part,  bla  batra  and  aaalgna,  ahall  and 
may  at  all  timaa  baraaltor  paacaably  and  qu  «tly 
hava,  hold,  uaa,  Mcupy,  poaaaaa  and  enjoy  ha 
abova-grantad  pramiaea,  and  every  part  and  par- 
cel tharaof,  with  tha  appurtanancaa,  without  any 
let,  ault,  trouble,  molaatatlon.  avlctlor. ,  or  dia- 
turbanca  of  tha  aald  party  (*r  partica)  ol  the  Aret 
part,  hia  («r  their)  haira  or  aaalgna,  or  ol  any  other 
paraon  or  paraona  lawfully  claiming  or  to  claim 
the  aama;  and  that  the  aama  now  *ie  free. clear, 
diachargad  and  unincumbarad  of  and  from  all 
former  and  other  granta.  titlea,  chargaa,  aautaa. 
Judgmanta.  taxao,  aaaaaamenu  and  incurn* 
brancea  of  what  nature  or  bind  aoovar  {(^  <-m- 
vtvtd  lu^fttl  It  an  imnmkr.%mtt  t»jt.  OKcpi  at  jftirr 


MMi 


MMMi 


SSS»' 


!»• 


CONVBVANCni. 


I 


'', 


Ai»4  flM,  IMI  lh«  MMi  ^rty  («»  partim)  •#  III* 
tni  p«n,an4  hl«i<rih>irih(lri,*n4  all  ■n4  (vary 
•<h*<  n«#a<tn  at  parMin*  whonituavar.  lawfully  ar 
a^ullaSlv  4«>l*ln(   an*  aaUta.  rig'il,   lllla  or   In- 

iaraai.  of,  in.  ar  la  tha  abava  granud  ptamlaaa,  by, 
r*kM,  t<  Hla>  ar  In  Iruai  f»r  '.>m  .•<  ili<ni  .ahall  and 
will  at  >y  lima  or  lim'  a  haraaflar,  upan  Iha  raa 
••■•kli  xquaal,  an4  al  tha  pfopar  caata  an4 
aharga*  n  ina  law,  af  iha  aald  party  of  Itia  aaa- 
•n4  pa'  hia  haira  aid  aaalgna,  maka,  do  and  aa- 
acuta,  or  cauaa  ar  procura  to  Im  mada,  dnna  and 
aaaautad,  all  and  avary  *u<ih  furihar  and  otbar 
lawfyl  and  raaaanabia  a«ia,  cnnrayaitaca  and  aa 
auranaaa  In  Iha  law,  for  Iha  batlar  and  mora 
alfaclually  vaating  and  canftrmingi  'ha  pramlaaa 
haraby  aranlad  ar  Intandad  aa  to  ^a  !r  and  la  Iba 
••Id  p«ny  af  Iba  aaaaad  part,  hia  »•!'■•  and  aaalf  na, 
faravar,  aa  by  Iba  aald  parly  u(  ih  jtaond  part. 
hIa  haIra  ar  aaalgna,  ar  hia  or  ihalrrv-'inaal  laarnad 
In  Iha  law,  ahatl  ba  raaaonably  tta.'' *>'«,  advlaad, 


hia  haIra,  Iha  abava-daaarll^  and  bartky 


Of  rtaulrad. 

And  Iha  aald  A. 
a  r(  *! 

gia  'd  and  ralaaaad  pramiaaa,  and  rvary  pait 
and  paical  tharaaf,  with  tha  appartananaaa,  unl* 
tha  aald  party  af  tha  aasond  part,  bla  haIra  and 
aaaiana,  •■  ainat  tha  aald  parliaa  a(  iba  Ai-al  part 
and Ibalr  balra,  and  agatnal  all  and  •tmvf  paraan 
and  paraana  whamaoavar,  lawftilly  atalntlng  ar 
M  alalm  tha  aama.  aball  and  will  warraal,  and, 
by  thaaa  praaanl*.  faravar  darand. 

in  wlln«aa  wharaaf,  tba  aald  party  far  paniaa) 
•r  tha  trat  part  haa  t*r  haval  baraunt*  aat  bin 
band  land  Ha!i  vrc  ..'i«lr  hand*  jaad  MahJ).  Iba  day 
and  ysar  Krat  t  h,   t  writlan. 

^Slfn»lMr«^  f«i«f  ««)•/#.]) 
Btanad,  aaalad,  achn«wladga«  and  i 

aall'/arad  In  tha  praaanaa  af  / 

{Sifntlnrt  if  wkMlt.) 

tot  Ibna  of  AcKHOWLBnaMiHT,  taa  duM  lllla. 
Ci»M««]r»M««-4l«M*r«l  Wmrrmmtf  »«d<b 

/If  All»rn*f. 

Thia  convayanc*  (tr  dacd,  tie  ),  mada  thia— — 

day  of ,  by  A.  ■,,  of eountv,  In  tiSa  Stata 

of  — ,  of  tha  Aral  port,  by  A.  A.,  hia  attornay  la 

Tact,  to  C.  D.,  of county.  In  Iba  tlala  of . 

of  tha  aacond  pan,  wlinaaaalh  i 

That  aaM  party  of  iba  Aral  part.  In  conaidara- 

tlon  of  tha  aum  of  dollara,  Iha  racalpt  of 

which  la  haraby  acbnowladgad,  doaa  by  thaaa 
praaanta  (rant,  bargain,  aali,  and  convay  unto 
aald  party  of  tha  aaeon4  pari,  hia  balra  and  aa- 
algna, all  tha  following  doacribad  raal  aaiata  ( wiih 
duwtr  *r  wiihuul  dowar,  mt  Ikt  ft  am*  Ar),  attualad 
In  Iha  couuty  of ,  and  ttata  of ,  to  wit : 

{4turH*  U). 

To  havo  and  to  hold  tha  aama.  togathar  wlib 
all  and  aingular  tha  tanamania,  narodltamaala, 
and  itppurlanancaa  ibaraunto  balooglng,  or  In 
vnywiaa  appartalnlag,  unto  tha  aald  party  of  tho 
aacond  part,  hia  halraaad  aaalgna,  foravar. 

And  lald  (/r/ji  ummnn/Hf),  for  himaalf,  bla 
haira,  aaaentora,  or  admloiatratora,  doaa  haraby 
covaaant,  promlaa.  and  aaraa  la  and  with  aald 


vv«Han«,  iMwHMw,  aina  wirn  s«p  mnm    wiin  aaivi 

arty  of  tho  aocond  part,  inal  al  tha  dallvary  of 

haaa  praaanu  that  ha  waa  lawfully  aaliad  in  hia 

own  right  of  an  abaoluM  and  lodafaaalbla  aaiata 


R 


of  inharltanea.in  faa  almpla,of  and  in  all  and  ain- 
gular tha  abovo-granlad  and  daaeribod  pramiaaa, 
with  tha  appurtanancaa :  that  Iha  aama  aro  fraa, 
claar,  ^lacbargad  and  unincumbarad.of  and  f^em 
«U  formar  and  othor  granta^titlaa,  chargaa,  aa- 
«taa,  Judimaaia,  taaaa,  aaaafcmanta,  andlMum- 
•raocaa,  of  wbalovar  aalwra  or  hind  aoovar ;  and 
that  ha  will  warrant  and  (onint  dafand  iIm  aama 
unto  aald  party  of  tha  aacond  part,  hia  balra  and 
aaalgna,  agaloat  aald  parly  of  tha  Aral  part,  hia 
haira,  and  all  and  avarv  partoo  ar  paraona  whom- 
aeavar,  lawfully  claimink  or  to  claim  Iha  aama. 

In  wltnaaa  whtraof,  tna  aald  party  baa  hara- 
anto  aat  hia  nand  and  aaal,  iha  day  and  yaar  Aral 
abovawriltao.  A.  M.,  Br  A.  A.,         [Simi\ 

Sit  Atitmtf  im  Act. 
Mgaad.  aaalad,  and  anhnowtadnd  I 

III  praaanaa  of  W.  T.,  N.  •.  / 

For  rona  of  AcKHOWLBsoMBMT,  laa  ifcal  tiila. 


r#w»ayaiin   ■■a»l»l  Wmwwmt»  >a»<l. 

Tbia  fonvavanaa  riWwl,  •«.  >,  mada  Ibia dary 

af  — ,by  A.  v.  und  W  A  .  hi*  *if>i,  of  —  *o«aiy, 
la  Iba  Mala  af ,  af  iha  ||ra«  part,  la  C.  O  ,  af 

—  aaHnty,  In  Iba  Alala  af ,  af  Iba  aoaaad 

part,  witnaaaath  i 

thai  tha  aald  parliaa  af  Iha  Aral  part.  In  can. 
•Idarallan  of  tha  aum  af  —  daltar*.  llM  raaalpl 
of  whiah  la  haraby  a«hnrwlad«ad,  do  by  thaaa 
praaanu  grant,  bargain,  aall,  and  aanvay  unia 
aald  party  of  Iba  aaaond  part,  hia  balra  and  aa- 
algna, all  Iba  MIowIng  daoarlbad  raal  aaiata  '*iih 
dnvar  tr  «lih<wi  dMrar).  altwalad  In  Iba  aawnty  af 

-  ~  ,  and  luta  of .  la  will  idtintn^  h  If 

mtut  amtl  ttmmit  I 

Ta  bava  and  to  bald  tba  aama,  togalbar  with 
all  and  aingular  Ilia  lanamanta,  baradliamanta 
and  appurlananaaa  tharaunlo  balonglna,  mf  in 
anywiaa  appartainlafl,  uala  tba  aaM  parly  af  Um 
aacand  part,  bla  balra  and  aaaigna,  mravar  t 

And  aald  parliaa  af  tba  Aral  part,  for  thamaahraa, 
thair  batra,  ait.aulmra.  •*  admlnlalratora  da  haraby 
cavan  tnl,  prambM,  an^  aaraa,  ta  and  with  aald 
party  of  tha  aaaond  pan,  bla  haira  and  aaaigaa, 
that  thay  will  warrant  and  taravar  dalkii^  iha 
wlihin  granlad  and  daaarlbad  pramiaaa,  with  ika 
appurlananaaa,  aaainal  tha  •laima  af  all  paraoaa, 
•lalmlnfl  9t  ta  abiim  by,  tbraugb,  or  uadar  Iham- 
aalvaa  (ami  th«niHlvaa  only). 

In  wltnaaa  wharaaf,  tba  aaid  paniaa,  aW.  (a*  Ha 
tkt  JtrtI  /trm). 


OlrMIVMrMMW~WN««r>CMil 
ilaa  PaaiiMaa  ir   Uaaiia,  aoH, 


CMiiva: 


MvMcft 


%iimrmmtm—Wms—m 
Saa  PaaMitaa  i»  Uaaoa, 

LBAIB8  arc  conditional  convaytncaa; 
ipacloa  of  conlracli  for  Iba  |Miaiawian  and 
prufiu  of  lands  and  lencmanlt,  either  for  life 
ur  for  •  certain  lerm  of  vcara,  or  during  the 


pleatura  of  Iha  partiet.  A  loaac  U  a  contract 
fiir  the  poueMlon  and  nrofiu  of  landa  and 
lenemenu  on  ihe  one  tide,  anci  a  recompeiua 
of  rent  or  other  income  on  the  other.* 

One  of  Ihe  eaaeniial  pni)ienia»  of  a  laasa  U 
that  Iti  duration  inuit  be  tor  a  shorter  period 
than  the  duration  of  Ihe  inlereat  of  the  laeaor 
in  (he  land ;  for  if  he  dUpoaea  of  hit  entirt  in- 
terest it  becomes  an  attirmmeml.  and  is  not  • 
lease.  In  other  words,  the  granting  of  a  Um* 
always  supposes  that  the  grantor  rescrvca  to 
himself  a  reversion  in  the  leased  premises. 

The  party  who  leases  is  called  the  ku0r;  h« 
to  whom  the  lease  is  made,  the  kss**;  and  the 
compensation  or  consideration  of  the  Uam  is 
Ikt  rtml. 

What  may  m  Liaiko.  Anything  corw 
poreal  or  incorporeal  lying  in  livery  or  in 
grant,  may  be  the  subject-matter  of  a  lease; 
and,  therefore,  not  only  lands  «nJ  housda,  b«t 
commons,  ways,  fisharies,  franchises,  annuities, 
rent  charges,  and  all  other  incorporeal  heredi- 
taments, are  included  in  the  common  law  rule.^ 
Goods,  chattels,  or  live-stock  nisv  also  b« 
leased,  and  although  i«nl  cannot  technically  be 
said  to  issue  out  of  these,  the  contract  for  its 
payment  is  good,  and  an  action  for  reirt  in 
arrear  may  be  maintained  on  such  leases.* 

Who  may  Lbasb.  All  persons  in  possession 
of  lands  and  tenements  may  grant  leases  of  Ibem, 
unless  they  are  under  somelegal  disability  (  ■■ 

_a-Bac.  Abr.  Ltmit.  k-Shapp.  Touchst  sMi  sj 
Peaa.  St.  ia« ;  j  N.  Y.  iii ;  i  Roo^,  M-  Saa  i  WaaUk 
Rsa^  Prop-  lio.  »Co.  Lilt.  ii,»i  j  Hm.  It  M.  4fi,{ 
ji  P«aa.  St.  aa 


i 
I- 


wIaI  WavMiMlf  ••Ml. 
hI  <•« .  I,  ina4«  IkM  - —  Mf 
R  .  hi<  «!»•).  •(  —  ••«ii«)r. 
f  ih«  AfM  r«t«.  a«  C.  D  ,  Af 
MM  •( ,  ut  IM  ••••M 

M  •#  lh«  AfM  f«r«,  in  t«n. 
•r  -  4«ll«r«,  IM  tfim% 
«liiirwl*4a*4,  d«  by  Uiaia 
iln,  mU,  aM  «««v«)r  wiita 
m4  f*r«,  Nta  halt*  an^  aa- 
I  4Marlba4  raal  aatala  iviih 
),  aJliiaiarf  in  <ka  a««mty  »l 
~,  *•   will  (dtmrlt^   h  ^f 

4  ttia  aama,  MgalMr  will* 
lanatnaMla,  Mfa^llamanla 
haravnla  lial«ii(laf ,  a*  In 
I,  uaM  ika  aaM  f»ni  m  Um 
an4  ■■■Igna.  mnrvar  i 
lia  Afai  fMi,  far  lh«maalv«a, 


>ra4Mlni«*nitafa4a  htu^, 

a«r(_   .  _ _.    

WH,  kta  halra  and  aaalgna, 


■raa,  M  an4  wlUi 


ri 


nl  an4  teravar  4a4bii4  iha 
■aarlba4  w amlaaa.  wllk  tha 
N  Iha  alalina  af  all  yar— na, 
If,  thraitf h,  ar  ttii4ar  Ifcam- 

ntf) 

Ik*  a«M  yartlaa,  a«a.  (m  *■ 


•  i»  f laaira,  aaM 
■•  la  DaaBa, 


■aaa,  ama. 
-Ill«lll*ft 


conditional  conveyances ; 
I  for  Iha  [waaaaalon  and 
tenamenii,  either  for  life 
m  of  veara,  or  during  tha 
let.  A  leaae  ia  a  contract 
and  profits  of  lands  and 
le  tide,  anii  a  recompanae 
me  on  the  other.* 
al  prti|icnie*  of  a  I«m«  b 
■I  Le  tor  a  shorter  period 
'  the  interest  of  the  lesaor 
t  disposea  of  his  entire  in- 
•tt^rmmtmi,  and  Is  not  • 
ds,  the  granting  of  a  lease 
It  the  grantor  rcaervea  to 
n  the  leased  premises. 
MS  is  called  the  ku0r;  he 
made,  the  buM;  and  the 
wideraiioa  of  the  leaaa  is 

Lraiko.  Anything  cor- 
al lying  in  livery  or  in 
iubicct>matter  of  a  lease; 
nly  lands  and  houses,  b«t 
»ri«s,  franchises,  annuiiiaa, 

other  incorporeal  heredi- 
I  in  the  common  law  rulc> 

live-stock  Ditv  also  be 
rent  cannot  technically  be 
these,  the  contract  for  Us 
nd  an  action  for  rent  in 
lined  on  such  leases.* 

All  persons  in  possession 
Is  may  grant  leases  of  then, 
r  some  legal  disability  (  ■• 

k-Siwpp.  Touchst.  sMi  sj 

ii :  I  Roo^,  tof.  Sas  I  Waabk 
Jtt-S7i'i  3  HM.ftM.«fb| 


CONVKYANCIi. 


stj 


-'"WB'^l'"^'' 


i>».  ft 


mi  tC  »P.«fv: 
Jtt«:    irWtml^  ijj;  ^ 


w  «si  jOhlo.ijii  I]  Id:  IB*.  II  Humph.  4M:  n 
Min..  j»j  14  Id.  i»4.  InioWlcalad  |Mruim,  1,  ki.  ft 
W  «»1.    MarrM  woaMn,  Sailih  UnSl.  ft  T*n  4i  :  1 

A,l,"2.'  "  %*•  **IA  "'"•  WL'«  M~.  no.«T! 

Mnj.  ,o,j  1 1.  R.  j;  4  IradrSwi  J  «*bf.  1 
W«Mi.4Mia»iafll.a«ifOktarW-    k-ia 


Jll.  i%,»:  1' 
ij  W*m).  6i«i 

111.   J. 

Johns, 


•niuiund  mind,  Immature  age,  «f  Ike  lihai'  and 
.11  .M*  of  many  t»f  that*  •lUalntlii**,  iha  l«a*«* 
«rr  vitiilahl*  m*r*ljf,  and  n«M  viild  •  Hui  It  I* 
>t»rnilal  to  the  valiiliiy  iif  a  l*a»a  lh«i  iK*  lea 
,.ir  has,  at  the  Um*  h*  undeitaliM  in  nuli*  ihe 
Kr»ni,  poaaaaalon  ,rf  iha  |ir«ml*e«.  •KhcrwlM 
«h4i»T«r  ho  iliwa  wilt  amount  III  iiiiililntf  m>ife 
rhiii  Iha  aMtgnmani  t»f  4  ek^it  im  mlion}  Hul, 
iml*M  ih«re  la  an  m^vm  k*Mmg,  |iia<i««»|iin 
will  be  daemail  l»  follow  Iha  owner- hip  1  and 
ilihough  a  lease  may  n<il  Iw  •ulhi.i*ni  to  au- 
.hiiriie  a  lesaee  l«»  demand  unavwiion  fiir  the 
•  inl  of  a  puaseasory  llila  In  hU  lesaor,  it  will 
•nil  u|:.«rata  b*  way  of  cMuiipal.  and  inure  to 
hh  lieneAl  if  the  Uvun  aA*rw*nl«  cnm*^  into 
i««H«»|o«  of  the  land  before  ihe  eiitirailon  of  i 
ihr  Itaae.*  I 

The  power  to  tease  will  of  caur«*  depend  upon 
ih«  cslent  of  ihe  IcMor'i  calaie  in  ih*  pr«mi»««  1 
jn<l  if  he  ha*  but  an  *%\Mt  let  life,  hi*  leaie 
lan  «Hihr  be  CO  eitcnsive  1  herewith  i  when,  for  a 
irrm  of  years,  iu  iiimi.-.encem«nl,  a*  well  as  It* 
irrniiiiatlon,  mutt  be  atceitainrd,  for  certainty 
(ti  ihcae  reapactt  i«  of  Ihe  ewicnce  of  a  term 
'>r  years.  But  allh<iugh  ihi*  lerm  may  not  at 
tint  appear  to  be  cenain,  it  may  lie  rendereil  to 
Tf  reference  to  tome  faet  or  event  j  as,  if  a 
l<*te  be  made  to  a  man  for  «>  many  yean  as  he 
hi*  in  the  manor  of  Dale,  and  he  happens  to 
have  a  lerm  of  two  year*  in  that  manor,  the 
ln«e  will  be  good  tu,;  that  perlo<l> 

In  all  cases  of  uncertain  duration,  or  if  no 
lime  has  been  agreed  up«>n  for  ihe  continuance 
of  the  term,  or  if  after  the  espir.iiion  nf  a  term 
!he  tenant  continues  to  hold  over,  without  any 
flfort  on  the  part  of  ihe  lamllord  to  remove 
him,  tha  tenancy  i*  at  the  will  of  either  party  1 
ind  it  remalna  at  will  until  after  the  payment 
"nil  receipt  of  rent  on  account  of  a  new  ten* 
Ancy,  or  until  the  |Mnie*  ctMicur  in  some  other 
let  which  recogniset  lheext«ience  of  a  tenancy, 
from  which  event  it  become*  a  tenancy  from 
rw  to  ymr.  After  this,  neither  pony  has  a 
'ight  to  terminate  it  before  the  expiralion  of  the 
current  year  upon  which  they  have  entered, 
nor  then  without  having  first  given  reaionable 
notice  to  Um  c^Ker  party  of  his  intention  to 
do  to.* 

TitMiNATiON  or  Liu.».  A  lease  may  be 
terminated  otherwiie  than  by  lo'feiiurc  Inrforc 
Ihe  pmcribcd  period,  if  the  premite*  -re  re- 
<iuired  to  bt  Uken  for  public  uaes  or  improve- 
menu, or  the  subject-matter  of  the  lease  wholly 
pen.hes,  or  i«  turned  into  a  house  of  illfame.l 
The  same  result  will  follow  when  the  te  lant 
purchases  in  fee.  or  tha  fee  descends  to  him  as 
4  I  Bach. 4*7 :  4  Id. 17; 


heir  In  lawt  for  In  either  case  the  lease  I* 
merged  In  ihe  Inheilianea  1  ilnce  there  wuul4 
be  a  manif*«i  incan»i*i*ney  in  allowing  the 
tarn*  (lertnn  to  hold  iwo  ditlinct  etuie*  imm» 
dialaly  eii^ieiiani  <m  the  other,  while  one  of 


lh*m  IncluiU*  ihc  lime  of  lioih,  ihut  uniting 
Iwo  <M>|i>i*|i*  character*  of  landlord  and 


nee  Limib  Kukms,  iwat. 


the 
tenant.* 

•.■AMU  rvUMIIl. 
l*—»»  •r*  math  «lih«e  l.y  |Mr»l  ut  m  •fillip,  bul  na 
IMnicuW  ftwm  ,•(  t,ftm,-m  i<  ni|uiit<l  in  iny  ■*««  in 
crm|«  an  iiH,H«.|Uia  J^mit*  '  Any  parmUalv*  hiil<llii( 
»,  In  b<  I.  •uModii  (,,,  iti*  puiUiiui,  .tiul  11  mty  Im  iiin. 
Ulnail  In  any  wiiiun  nMntfiran-liiin  by  villi  h  II  <uu«nra 
10  h4««  lM«n  ih*  iiiiaiiii.,n  ..(  ..n*  ..<  ih«  ^rli»  •atim 
Itrlly  ii>il'ip.nuM  himull  •>(  ih*  iinniitm  (•.«  aiiyguvn 
^>iu4,*n<l  iif  Ih*  uihar  loamima  ih*  p<iM«al,in  lur  ili* 
u«M  ptrltxi  •  Anyyvnaral  il«»rl|rtl'>n  will  .uMlia  lu 
|Maa  iha  laaaail  pnml<«.  if  it  Im  1  aiHihla  .if  iliaiimi  m 
c«natnniani  ..ml  liWHilA<ail»n  Whatava,  w.mla  ar* 
tuMclaiii  I.I  oiilaiii  iha  imam  .f  iha  latrilai.  ihal  lit* 
um  thall  lUvwH  hlmaair  iif  iha  (••.».>Hiiin,  ami  ih«  mlMI 
ciima  Iniu  li,  fi.r  a  ilriarmiiiaia  iima,  an  of  ihamaalt** 
•utHilan*,  an<l  will,  in  c.HMirut'ilwn  ot  .am,  amiiuni  lu  a 
(•••a  aa  wall  aa  if  iha  hkmi  pru|Mr  ami  parilMni  wimt* 
nail  Imn  mad*  in*  of  Aw  ihal  iwrpiiM.*  Ami  iiwciu- 
»«'•*  M  IU  ipMlnlaa,  naiMa,  •minima,  aw  .  will  Iw  r«. 
J*ci*iJ.  If  iImi*  It  anuugh  In  maU*  iha  uuruwa*  and 
iiiMmiLm  uf  III*  panlat  lanam  • 

Tha  «»rmal  paria  of  a  Itaaa  In  wrlllna  ar*  '. 

I,  Tha  inlra^ucllon,  which  may  Inctmla  iha  .Um. 

I  M«  u^ra,  wliiih  will  fia  iha  iiin*  lii>  lu  c.iinnMnaa. 
M*m,  unl*M  anm*  ,rth(r  parl.nl  it  au*,  uAwl  In  iha  i*. 
ilrumaai  lualf  Ibr  ihla  purpuaa ;  bui  If  i»Mra  ia  m,  dai*, 
or  an  ImpoMlW*  on*,  iS*  Mm*  wit)  b*  (.umlitarnl  ** 
luylMiiuaiiiwncwl  frnm  ih*  ilalivary  af  ih*  l**t«  » 

S.  The  pramlaaa,  which  Imluda 

1.  THawkMatiirTHSrAaiiaa;  •nUhalawknnwtbwl 
<M*  Chrlallan  na>n« .  ami  Iharafora  iha  miiMla  Uiiar  of 
in*  Mm*  of  aUhar  parly  I*  Immaimial,  anil  a  uarvm 
m*y  atway*  tti«w  ihal  h*  1*  ••  w*ll  knuwn  hy  um  nam* 
aaaaodiar.* 

(.  Tmb  coMiMiaATtoii  mu>l  aMiiar,  dihrnigh  li  n**d 
"•X  a*  what  I*  lachnlcalty  callaif  ram,  or  a  jwrliMliiai 
ramlar  of  compcnaaiiun  for  ih*  mm  of  ih*  pramlaaa     htil 


1^  T    .  ^r*"™^  ""•*•  •pp'*'i  •"""'•I 'I  »••• 

"•X  a*  what  I*  lachnlcalty  callaif  ram,  or  a  jwrliMliiM 
ramlar  of  compcnaaiiun  for  ih*  mm  of  ih*  pramlaaa  htil 
II  may  b*  a  auin  In  |i.Mt,  or  ih*  natural  afeiil.in  whkh 
om  pan*  haa  for  ih*  oihar.  It  may  alvi  conaltl  in 
imio,  aiilmala,  or  iha  parn.mal  aarrtcar  of  ih«  Irtwr  • 

i.  Tm*  OBMnirTKUi  i>ii  rtia  rakMua^  imil  ii.ii  fw, 
clfy  all  Ih*  paitlculara  of  (h*  aiililat  1  maliar  irf  iha  laaaa, 
''•'  im  accaiaaurl**  will  liillow  ih«  iirimliul  ihin|  n.im*ilt 
Ihiia  ih«  tanlan  la  parcvt  of  a  dwailliig  hmwa,  anil  ih* 
■•iwral  il<«tri|>iliin  of  a  larm  InfiiHiaa  all  iha  hinia** 
•ml  lamia  appanalnlng  lo  ih«  Airm.'  Hul  w'laihar  car- 
lata  prami***  ar*  parcel  io  iho**  haaad  or  aot  .a  ilway* 
nuMiar  of  *vld«iit'*.* 

}.  Tha  habendum. 

4'  Tha  reddendum. 

f.  Cendllien  ar  pravlao. 

I.  The  cevenan.'e. 

I.  Tha  aenctualai, 
.The  al|naluraa(and  Mtlivh*?*  rw^uirvd  bylaw) 
of  Ih*  ■raniura      And  wh«r*  Ih*  covtnanu  ia  ihi  l«aM 
ar*  ifiiiual  both  paril**  muai  tign. 
(.  AtlaaUtlan  of  wlimuaa.  «>k*n  rM|Ul»«d  by  kw. 
le.  The  aclinewledcmant,  wh«n  nnuini  by  tiat- 
uu^  •«  wh*r«  in*  Mrm  i*  y*an. 

I  h»  ri«hi«  ami  liabilllia*  of  ih*  rvamwilv*  partin 
ar«  rc||i,'»iid  by  U«,  In  ih*  aliMnc*  of  a.y  particular 
•gravtiKiii  in  mpaci  lh«i«lo:  bul«x|w<*<  covcnjiiu  •ra 
iMually  iUMiimJ  la  a  l*aa*  (or  lh«  purpoa*  of  limiting  at 

4»*:  .  C.  ft  »\J«:  T.yl.  Undl  ft  T.n.  |  ^  I  ( 
Bliigh.  lit:  0  Ad.  ft  E  #y>:  s  T.  R  iM:  .  Wand. 
I'*  ••  '  '•«">'«.  «f  1  •  frnn.  Si.  tyi ;  it  M*  i«  ■  Wm». 
Jj;*'  P'SP.  1«7  MtTtyl.  Landl  ft  Ten  I  .6  1 
Wa%hh  Kul  Prop,  yn  ■.4  Burr,  ttoa ;  i  Mod.  14  : 
II  Id  41 !  >  Id.  lo;  J  Burr,  tit}:  Bac.  Aor.  U«Mt :  « 
Waim,  36*:  J  M  Con),  an  .  j  Ifalrf.  47!;  j  Hand.  571 ; 
I  Root.  j,».  Al  M  ft  S.M'..  Cro.  Car  «,^  Cro 
J«c  Ji:  P^jwd  It;.  ,,.:  ^  }1«.*.  t  M.'A  S<i. 
•99:  I  B  ft  Ad.  4]!«M.ft  W.  (i4,s«n    ji-i4P«t. 

&j  HlIltN  V,)  J45;  1  SpMi*.  4°t.    n-BConn   i«:  4 
awl*,  »• ,  g  Caw.  741.    t-ia  Harh.  aia :  1  B.  ft  C  lnJ 


» 


IM 


QDNVIVANCMi 


iMHtaiw*,    nttmwh,   n%\itmtu 


l*M«4f«.    ««•««, 


^roinitM,  Mowi  "'  >i>l4i<«il»ii.  taiiM««  tiM  >^  "■• 
I II    twttf   wM  •h»mt  Umm  pft'i*»tun   >»  mtt*  *—  • 

tuftmuuM  xt  «>i«  <••••  '•  *—  «*•  >«•••«  »«»■«<«  ••  imr 

nm.  »u(H«ti>  »••«•.  "•  <«  »M'lj»  ■<•  •   h«M«»>  «•  <M 
■«iv«min«  M  f«p«.r,   irt4tu«,  r««)4»    >«  <H«   |»««m*««»,  «• 
Ika  liU       I kta  'Umm  aiMklM  iIm  !••••>«  •»  KM  tuigiM 

la  raxnwt.  m  •»»  •wh  •««.  «(»••"  •*•  Wm^  •••■•••a 
•hH  <j««i  llM  LMm.  lM«lii«  hmk  ^fiiM  In  IM  t*m* 
•niM(ti.»«   M   i'  th«   •••M    »•'•   •   xnHUlf      k«M  I"  ih« 
•lMa>K«  af  •  p>"<Im  («f  r*  ••Mry,  lk«  l«*»if  »«hM  pu*- 
MM!    HO   twh    pijoo    i*Ui  m»fm   lM*i«k  uf  *  >'i»««*M 
(iMliliitg  him  !••  ••••  iff  <!<«><«»•  ••»!»  •     TH*  A.»>«u«n« 

•ill  a>iM»lly  U  aidun*.!  I>y  iIm  chmo,  ta>.«|M  wKat* 
•ha  lawllorii'a  iUmmm  •«  •  mmn  «mim'  <i^  .  .i«|>m«« 
IhiK,  and  ••«  b«  •««3lly  «..«i|im«M»«t  t>»  WMoay  •  h«rt 
in  thai  c*a«  ul  •  IWfaiiun  A>«  •><«  ■»•••  (MifiMM  of  ftoi, 
«Im  ^uvlaa  •«  alkmad  Ki  n^tMa  almu<r  m  •  tmvtUf 
faf  ram, and  iIm  lanani  vilt  Im  r«llaa«ii  fVuntlM  aih«N  al 
•ny  lima  by  |Mfi>m  iKa  laMflanl,  »•  Wl»«l>i(  inKi  omii 
IIm  aaiuunl  ul  all  armn  u<  nn(.  with  lotaeaa)  aiwl  ««iUa 

■.■4SB»-VAat«ini  »«V4IUk 
■■(r4Nl««tl«««  In  t*— — ■ 

,'^  «4«r  t'MWriMKiM 

Tk«  iMr<Miu(ii*Mi  !•■  a  ortniayanM.  il»»d,  >••«•.  "art- 
»-j-  —  U  calM  Iha  "  TaM^lym  '  cUiia*.  M«  lh« 
Cm  yfw«iMi«  l)i«u  r«»iaa,  »k»»« 

A.^  (arV.  M.  mhI  W    a.  hi.  •*  [tmntTf,  .rj 


I  («r  <M.  A,  ■.,  nf .ndW   9.  kt«  wl*)  tef  • 

•MMUmaltmi,  tM.  (— »n.  »*•)  *mm,  tM. 

Tlito  (MTwawnt,  #r  csa<r«vaac*.  *r  •*»«••  ^  <»*•- 
tun.  btywIlM,  uifUXitm,  VM^rt^MUM.  M.)  WllMW 

Th«».  aM.  

Thto  •■'••"•#"•<«'»"''•»•"*•••*'•••••  •••'  ■•*• 

tkit  —  4ay  •! ,  wlliMMtUi  i 

TtMI.M*.  .. 

Tfcto ( afrMiiwit,  »r «••»««!»"■•»••«•.•««  )iJ«*** 

thto — Titmt  •' ,ky  *.•.,•» ,i«C.D.,«l 

— ~,  wltn«Malit  I 

Thai, ««.  ___ 


ma  aaraamanl  (canv^aae*.  #r  haaa,  MC  ),  ma4a 

— -^da»  af  .  In .  fcr  A-  K  •*  T~ 

nly,  la  Iha  SlaW (#r  CommiHiaMlin)  af , «r- 

',  (a  C.  D-,  «f aeuniy,  la  Iha  ttata  ur 


Thia 
thia 
r.aiinl 

mar,  ..   -.  _  .   . 
I'ommunwMhhj  af 

That,  tla. 


',  marahaal,  wtlii 


Know  all  man  by  Ihaaa  praaanta : 

That  Ihla  (•Kraemani,  •r  eunnyaaca,  #r  laaia,  au., 

«t«4<w)  ____ 

Knaw  all  man  hr  thaaa  praaanti  I    .^      ^        , 

Thai  A.  ».,  af  — ,  haa,  far  a  aenaMarntJan  af 

— ,  etc.,  Iha  raaalpi  af  which,  ata.,  haa  laaaa« 

an4  convayad.and  4aaa  ky  tbaaa  praaaatataaaa 

an4  canvay  unto  C.  D. .  af ,  ata. 

Thla(agr«»ni€ni,«<-conv«y»Bca,#rlaa«a,a«t.),  mada 

and  anwrad  low  thia day  af  — — i  *y  •»•  "^ 

twaan  A.  B.,  •.-<t eaunty,  and  tfca  iuta  af  — -, 

varty  af  tha  »r»»  part,  and  C.  U.,  af  —  caunty. 

In  iha  But.  of ,  of  Ua  aaaood  pvt,  wft- 

aaaaalh  i 

That,  ate. 

•avtoc  and  aaaapting,  aM. 

To  all  to  whom  thaaa  praaanU  may  a«ma  itao» 
Ina  r«r  To  •II  whuM  It  may  coacam) : 

Know  ya  t 

That  thta  (•■laainant,  *r  convayanca,  #r  laaaa,  ate. ), 

hy  and  hMwaan  IIm .a  aorporatlon  aalatlM 

undar  tha  lawa  af  tha  Um»  (#r  C«ai»o«»aaltK) 

of ,oftha«rat«art,  aodCD.,*. '-innd  O. 

H.,  a  eompany  dolna  bualMaa  iindar  tha  Urm- 

nama  and  alyla  of  thab..»..  H. mMofheHir- 

laa  company,  of  tha  aaaond  pavt.  witaaaaalh  i 

That,  ata. 

M-i  Wilt.  i»7 ;  «  Cow.  Nt !  a  Ovatt.  au.  »•?  Johm. 
ajsi  4  Munf.  J3»:  «  Priea,  aao. 


M^faiaaitf  «*  f Aatiaa. 

■«iw.  a<Ha,  If   t§f. 


Tatan 
•  l>a« 


■m  Uaooa,  anaa,  p.  i«p.^ 

I    OaaiatrtHxn  "*  fauaaatt  Laaaaa.  wrrm 

Kaiaa^MiM*,  tifK- 
!Ua  llaawi,  >«m,  p    yaa. 

|ii>»oia4w>  las 

Wtf  t>lA*r  Cana»a» 
TIm  hakawlMM  llntin  aot  4»ttm»  wkal  aaiaM  itia 
|r*Maa  la  >■•  kaoa  In  iha  pnwlana  'nxvayad,  at,  an 
mataa  lar  llvM.  y«an,  u*  •  laaa  paHnd ,  a«  ahanlHia  .1 
I  »n.|iii.HMi.  Hat  ««  woawl.  nattUiad.  a«  llartMrf  a*iai« 
*«B  .  at« 

HaaanrnrM     I  laa  Ratara 

liold  t*ia  aama  dwriag  tha  nai- 


Ta  haw*  aad  la  im 
aaal  Um  («r  b*M)  af 


*a  and  ta  bald  a^  Ofamlaaa,  with  iha'r 
aaaaaa.  vnlo  aaM  C.  o- ,  and  Ma  lagal  fap- 
ilvaa,  from  —  laat  paat,  tea  and  dufina 
I  of  ninaly  nina  yaaia  tkanaa  aaal  anaulna.  anil 
vcam^aia  'iwt  aiul*>l  If)  ^«<  Ah  tiMl  4urin«  ilw 


A»*tttr 

Ta  ba*a  and  ta  bald  a^  (famlaaa,  with  iha'r 
appartaaaaaaa.  anlo  aald  C. 
raaaatatlvaa, 

liha  I 

tu  M«  lUUy  e< — ^.  ■  ,  ^ 

ll*«a  .if  j  D.  O   (lUoahwr  uf  aald  L    It  I,  t.  O.  (a-in  ■* 

taM  V.   U  ),  and  HO.  (napha-  «f  laW  C  U  1,  o»  any 

a*  atthat  af  tham  akati  aa  loa«  Hva. 

HaaaxBuw— i.ivaa  ann  Vaaaa 
Ta  bava  and  ta  hold  aatd  pramlaaa,  tacaihai 
with  all  and  ala«utar  tha  butldtngt,  waya,  afiaau, 
altaya,  paaaaMO,  walara,  walar-cauraaa.  rlfhi* 
uWttaa,  Bflwlafaj,  haraJltamcnta  uti  affjst*- 
nanaaa  wtataaaaar,  uato  aald  C.  D  ,  hia  aaaautwa 
admtnlatralaaaiami  a»ianai,  ftum  hancafafth,  1* 
and  during  tha  natural  llfa  and  llvaa  af  him,  Iha 

aald  C.  O.  (aanl  alwut  ynni,  of  O.   0  .  I>a 

daaabtar  (a«^  abom yaani,  and  af  i.  D..  hij 

aaoT^pMt  akout  —  yaanl,  and  af  tha  ayrvWar  af 
tham,  and  tt 
yaara,M  aom 
UN  daath  •(  I 


and  during  Iha  furthar  larm  af  — 
nanaa  ttmm  and  Immadlataly  aftar 
.^  ,       Iha  a<ir«l«or  «t  tham, 
VlakUi«  and  paylag  ibarafte.aM. 


HABanmti 
lb 
af 


Ta  hava  and  ta  bald  aald  pramli 

luring  tha  Mrm  af yaaaa  frai 

—  day  af ,  laat  paaV 


Ya*Ma. 

«a.,favan4 
ram  and  aflar  tha 


IM  •»  ■WMPVMI**  lit 

Tha  nHldawliin)  <i>r  raavivallani   la  (hat  (law*  In  • 
lunvayauca,  tiaad,  lawa,  aw.,  b*  wbUh  iha  irantiir  n 
(arvaa  aumaihiim  naw  to  hlawalf  uiii  uf  ihat  wlikh  M 
graniad  balura.     Il  uaually  Ailiuwa  ih«  habamlum 
RauoaMDUM  ua    RaaaavAiujia— IUlconv,  Oananv*- 


fna»,  ill 


thay..  -  . 

la  aumhar  «i  any  uaa  lima)  to  paaa  and  t*^u 

to  and  from  and  atMd  on  and  aacupy  tha — bai^ 
aany  (or  obaarvalory,  ata.),  and  witnaaa  all  aihlM- 
tlana,  pwiumaa.  patadaat  tT-ft***  •*•*••••»  •♦"•I 
pubha  fiWM.  ata.,  thMahall  ba  ar  Mpaw  la  and 
upon  Um  airaaaa  naar  tha  aama,  fVam  tinia  «a 
tima,  and  at  all  limaa  duiing  tha  aald  Urm  hara- 
undar  graniad.  

KsDoaiiavM  u*  Raaa*vATioi»-OB«va,  Ro/.uwat, 

rrc. 
Baaapting  and  aSwaya  raaanringjivi  of  thi 


RaooanavM  oa  RaaaavATioit— PniVAll  PaaaAOi. 

RUAUWAV,  o«  WAV. 

BaaapUng  nn*  •l?»,«y?_!«ff?:^  J5.**_J?'*l* 
■*,  bw 
aaalgna 
IMM  ~ 


BaaapUng  and  alwaya  raaarvlag  iiina  aoM  A 
I.,  bta  aaaautora,  admtnlatraton,  tananta,  aa< 
Mlgna,aiid  all  athar  paraono  wl  otaaavar.  fr* 
MM  m4  UiMNrty  to  pM*  MMl  Wipaaa,  by  « 


n^naMii^MMaMaMa— aaa 


4«iii  tai 

•  iIm  pmmlaM  >imv«y*^,  •«,  in 
I,  lit  •  !■••  MHuai  ,  •><  •!■«<(»••  I 
i««nl,  nMiMtarf,  w  ttiiiM«4  wuu 

Mm    t  •>■  R»t*r* 

•M  lh«  •••■•  4«rtii«  llM  nal- 

m  MM  CD  .•n4ltl•l•«■l'•r- 
-~-  !•••  pt*.  taf  an^  4Hf  Inc 
In*  |r«li«  tMiW*  •*■•  fMulila,  •iMI 
,at  amM  If)  (»•  fm  •ml  duting  ih* 
hur  4>(  Mi4  <'  l>  I,  •.  D.  (on  .4 
t>.  I  M^Ihw  nt  MM  C  b  ),  M  Mir 
^•11  M  l«1«  lt»«. 

IM— I.IVM  Ann  VMM 

ImM  mM  j^Mklaaa,  MfClhat 
•r  tk*  btilbilii|*«  w*lMf  •*'•«•*. 
•rfMfm,  w*lar-««urM«,  rlfhu 
I,  nsrdltamcnt*  t«4  •«)•"««•• 
>,  hM*  aaM  C.  D. ,  Hi*  MwuMfk 
i  aMlgMi,  frvHi  Maaararlh,  tat 
lural  Hf*  aM  IWm  af  htm,  Ik* 

Ural yum.  of  O.   D  ,  kn 

ui r*mt%K  an4  •<  •.   O..  hl» 

vMnI,  aiMl  •(  lh«  •ur«W«t  •( 
4uring  *h»  f«flh«r  Htm  •(  — 
M  ftwNi  aMl  linm*tfla»aly  aftn 
trvlvat  «tf  tkwii. 
riagtlMff«ter,«««. 

MMiH'W  '  Ya*w. 
loM  mM  ^afiilMa,  a«a. ,  tor  aixl 
r  —  fM**  rram  aMi  anar  tiM 
tl  paat. 

r  »0n«wvmUi»m  Im  t<a— »a. 

iir  nwfvnitoni   ii  thai  ctaua*  In  < 
•M,  •««.,  b«  whith  Iha  graMor  r< 
»  lu  hiawalf  uui  uf  ihiK  wtikh  M 
Kually  blluwa  lk«  habanduM 
a»a»v*rH«»— lUtXTiNY,  OaaaavA- 

limy,  an:, 
alway*  r««ar«<ac  aata  aald  C 
autata,  adoilittairaiara  and  »^ 
ham  and  auah  alhar  paraon*  it 
tham  ahall  aiaal  (not  aicaM'tni 
ly  u«a  lima)  (•  |Maa  and  ra,«u 
land  •«  and  aacupy  il»a  - — ^^bal- 
ry,  *u.)i  and  witnaaa  all  aahlM- 
If  adaa«  ravtawa,  alMwa,  •t  othw 
,  tiMt  ahall  ha  ar  appaav  in  and 
naar  tha  aama,  nam  lim*  to 
maa  diii laf  tha  aald  tarm  hart- 

LaaaavATiotH- Oaiva,  Ro/.uwat, 

■TC. 

aSwaya  raMrving  avt  af  tht 
waafd  and  eanvayad  Mta  latd 
—  driva  ar  raadway  idfHritnf 
lar  aald  aramlaaa,  ft  t  ha  aald  A. 

to  ,  Iir  WOT  pviv— 

taaaavATHMr-PlilTMa  PAtaAoi, 

DAUWAV,  0«  Wa». 

alwaya  raaarvUig  MM  aald  A. 
I.  admlnlatraten,  taaaata,  ft* 
(thar  paraaaa  wlataaavar,  irM 
DP  ta  paaa  and  Mpaaa,  hy  « 


CVNVKYANCKS. 


}tS 


>«idwar,  aa  aam,  ly«M 

la«a.  ««l  »l  lata  --7, 


*«««|h,  iha  faaaafa. 

iMaaflh  l^a  aa^^  avamm**,  ««•!  ai  lata 

*•«  IM  iMah  pari  al  aaU  |na  jiifaa  aallatl  Ika  — , 

llHl4lllf  ••«•  tats  (  ••  all  ^r.nvanwnl  llnM  In 

ih.  lairiinM  •.J.i.  rfurlnf  Iha  latm  a#  yaara  katat*- 
bnfnaa  <<*#  N«f«tft4lW«)  gfantad. 

RaMMMhtia  na  MaanoatuM    Tiaaaa,  arr 
laMNlM   aad    aiwaya  laaarvlaa  aa(  mt  ika 
aiamlaaa  k«.  tia  laaaad  and  aa««a^  all  llmkai, 
iftaa,  a<a  ,  ••a«dlii«  and  fcalng  an  — ,  ala. 

Haanawmxi  na    llaaaa**tinn     «r«raa  <'<i<iii<i 
Baaapllaf  aad  alwaya  aui  af  |ha  nraaani  laaaa 

■  ••«»vlim  iMtia  aaU  A  M  and  W  ll  ku  wiu, 
lh»»«  aaaaiHata.  a4minuira*ar«  a»<l  aaalan*.  otj 
»!•  lafcafctaawta  •(  aaul  |<r«fnl*«a,  ih*  waiar 
tauraa  a»  Maaata  maiJ*  Ihrnugk  an4  un4«r  iha 

araald  pramlaaa  far  Ika  v.innyani*  <<f  watat 
from  -  la  ■  ,  a»d  r«aa  .ikarly  ol  ln«>n*a, 
•fraaa,  and  ragraaa  In  and  utmn  aam  nraml***, 
r«  iham,  Ika  aald  A  »  and  W  .  Ihalf  aaacMtftia, 
•>lminla«ralt>ra,  lanaiiia,  warkman,  aarvania,  and 
•aalgna.  at  alt  llmaa  ciinvanlanl  and  nataaaaiy, 
4iirln(  Iha  larm  karaky  (raaiad,  ta  claanaa,  la- 
^Ir  and  uaa  aald  wataf  aawraa 

4  «>ia4ltl«Ma  Awdi  rrtivliMa  In  Vmtmm. 

,W»  lltkrr  <  ^aaviMn  v< 
Tha  twHliltnii  In  a  eoiavayanaa  •11'  4aa4,  laaaa,  tw     Nt 

■  i|iMilllleaU<i«  at  raatHcHi.n  annaaaj  in  iha  c..n«ayan«r 
•rliaraky  II  la  pr.iniiW  ii.nl  In  caw  a  lurix  ular  avaiii 
ilnaa  or4n«lnnlk«pp*n,>,r  Iniaaa  iha  (lanlor  iiraranm 
.l»i  ur  oauk  In  dti  •  imnicularari,  an  a«i..«a  thall  ,.,(,, 
«.  ii.»,  ha  aalamil.  at  ka  ilaliialail      "  •ii.hjari  •,,      ... 

'Mib^aci  Mvarthalaaa,  ii>."  .>»  "  llnriinillil.iii  ■  ••'I'r.i 
flilad/'-'frovMad  alwaya,"  ■'  I'mvl.lail  n«v.rih«lr.i." 
tu  Th<M  ih«  priipatiy  ronvayail  may  Im  •iili|ai  i  t„ 
Ilia  payment  iif  an  annuity  an  aaaamani,  an  'mumlirmu  a 
amuirtvifi,  a*  alhar  candili»n,<)iMlllU*il»ti,  raairiiiluii' 

Hm  llaarBimrMi,  arr  ,  wrri»  KacarrAim,  ami  Ha 
•»NiiiiM*niJ  Ran«aMD«M,*b<9va  MuaTuAitaa  laiir 
IfttaiM,  pitat 

(nMiiiooN  ua  Paovian-  (liAiM  o»  Lmaaa 
l^avldad  alwaya,  and  ihaaa  ptaaanta  ara  upon 
Ihia  condition  1  "^ 

That  If,  durlMjha  tlma  harahy  canvayad  and 
laaaad  aald  C.  D.  ahall  dia,  and  hia  aaacutora, 
aiimlnlairaiiara  or  aaalgna  ahall  at  any  tlma  afiar 
,."  »>«4«»''0U«  Je  laava  and  quit  aaid  pramlaaa, 
Ihtv  aball,  aftar  full  pay  mam  of  all  rant  accruad 

ind  laaaarua,  glva  <m  laava montha' warn- 

.n(,  In  wrlllna.  to  aatd  A.  B..  or  hia  haira,  aaacu- 
lora,  admlnlalralora  or  aaalgna,  al  hia  or  ihalr 
placaaafahada,  and  at  Iha  aaplrailon  of  aald  - 
montha  Ihaaa  praaanta.  and  tha  larm  haraby 
(rantad,  aa  f  /i  any  furthar  conttnuanca,  ahall 
(taaa,  datarmlna,  and  ha  uttarly  void,  anything 
harain  ta  tha  contrary  natwIlhataadlBg. 

CoaomoM  oa  Paoviao— Notkb  to  UaTaaNiNa 
LjiAaa. 

Provldad  alwaya,  aad  Ihaaa  preaanu  ata  upon 
thia  condition  1 

.That  It  ^all  ba  lawful  to  and  for  althar  auld  A. 
B.  or  hte  lagal  rapraaanutlvaa,  or  aald  C.  D.  or 
•"•»•!•'  rapraaantatlvaa,  ta  datarmlna  and  maha 

void  thla  laaaa  al  tha  aaplratlon  of (mum ha,  or 

ytan,  aic  ),  of  tha  aald  tarm  of  (irnmiha,  .r 

varnlng,  In  writ- 

to  or  laft  for  tha 

-...-.  _,„__.,  „„ .,,  „,,  „,,j  rapraaantatlvaa  at 

hia  (ar  ihalr)  uaaal  ar  laat  olaea  of  ahoda. 

montha  at  laaat  hafera  tha  thna  llmltad  fbr  datar- 
mining  tha  aama  aa  afhraaald  (anything  haraia  con- 
uiaad  to  ika  comrary  noiwlthaianding). 

CoHMTioif  on  l>RoviM>-Ra-ENTiiv  roR  Non- 
PAVMaMT  oa  Rtur. 

ProvMod  alwaya,  and  thaaa  praaanta  ara  upon 
thIa  ajtpraaa  aandltton  1  ' 

That  If  aald  ( monthly,  #r  quarterly,  ar  y«r  riy,  ate  1 
'•"'••  •"!■•'  — ■  "ollkra,  or  any  part  tharaof; 
•hallhahaMnd  and  nnpaM  for  thaapaeaof — ■ 
daya  naat  aflar  thtl  aald  daya  cf  paymart  (whereon 
' w'  !?T?  If  Trt"^  "»  KpaW  aa  a«!ir»..M»,  than  It 
than  ha  tawftii  to  aad  Ibr  aaM  A.  U.,  teU  hain, 


ytart,  aic  ),  of  tha  aald  tarm  of 
vaari,  ate.),  la  aauaing  notica  or  wi 
Ing.fhr  that  purpoaa,  ta  ha  givan  t( 
othar  of  Iham,  hia  («r  har)  lagal  rap 


waaatafa.  admlwlatratara  ar  atatfita.  la  la-aniar 
•aid  paamlaaa  jf  any  pari  tha.anf;  an4  Iha  aama 
ta  i*^,f9»*»»  and  •n).,|r,  a*  In  hia  and  Ihalr  fnimar 
aaiata, anything  hatain  «anla4uad  la  Iha  aaniiary 
natwilhalandliHl 

(:»nMr*«)«<M   Pauvi*.,    h*  Knrat.  <)..  iT4  •!•>■, 

«••  T«»oa  Haimi  (Iraaxaiva.  ai< 

Pravldad  alwaya  ir^  ••>«,ih«la>«, 

Twni  If  aald  C    I)      Ma  aaao.iara.  admlnlatra* 

tara  or  aaaigna  ahall  parmll  m.  auMar  any  paraa* 

ar  patau-ia  i»  »>£upy  aa  J  piamiaa*  ar  any  part 

lha>a«(  wha  ahall  anaaga  In,  uaa,  fallaw,  ar  par- 


nut  Iha  hualnaaa.  uada  ar  aacupaiinn  al 
Iharaln,  than  and  ham  ihanaafMfth.  and  hum  any 
ai  aald  tauaaa.  11  ahall  ha  lawful  lui  aaid  A  P  , 
hia  halia  »r  aaalgna.  and  wiihuui  noilo  iharant, 
to  >a  anlat  and  a<»(uy  aald  f  laniiaaa,  In  pail  ar  In 
whnia,  ■•  '• 'h«ii  (armar  aataia  and  right  (anyihliig 
liaiain  Iw  i.-,«  t.unira>y  nuiwIil.ojuMling;, 

CoMuirwrn  na  Paiiviao     Ha  Knta*   t«M  VAamw 

CAiiaaa.  wiiM  Waivaa  oa  Noma,  an 
Provldad,  hawavar,  and  It  ta  fuithar  agraad  I 
That  If  aald  rant  ahall  ramain  unpaid  - —  daya 
aftar  tha  aam*  ahal!  bacom*  |,*>  ahia  aa  aferaaaM, 
"•  If  aald  party  of  tha  aacnnit  part  ahall  aaalgn 
>»ita  laaaa,  or  undarlat,  or  other  wiaadiapnaa  «f  tha 
whuta  ar  any  part  of  aald  laaaad  luamiaaa  or  uaa 
tha  »mmit  for  any  purpoaa  aava  that  haralnbafara 
autharlrad  and  agreed  upon,  or  ahall  make  any 
altaration  therein  wiihaul  the  conaani  of  aald 
party  ol  tha  htai  part  being  hral  eblalned  In 
writing,  or  ahall  cummii  waale  o«  auffet  It  lo  ba 
iarnmittad  oa  aaid  pram'taa,  Qt  lni<i,>  ur  mlauaa 
Iha  aama,  than  Ihia  laaaa  aliall  ii,m«  ,iion  and 
w,!*'.*  .  r  ■lice  or  demand  frim  k,tid  p*ily  of  tha 
Rrat  I  •,<  tuftitm.  and  aaid  p.i,  >  ,  <  thu  liral  part 
mavt     ntar  aald  pratniaan  i',p<i,t  iharaof 

and  rapwaaaaa  and  reeover  i  .1  t.i  i»i|  |iit,,nta 

and  nuraoaaa  aa  tliuugh  aai.'     ,  »r  '.K*  aavtmd 

pan  hid  navar  oacuplad  tiMiaamit.  in  >J  Id  at  with- 
out auch  ra  entry,  and  wltnaut  dauiaiid  (or  rant, 
aald  party  of  tha  Aral  pail  niay  la^nvar  pcaaaa- 
alon  thereof  In  the  manner  pr«a«r4ba«l  t<y  otatula 
relating  lo  auminary  procaedliiga  la  auch  taaaa. 

C*T«BiMita  in  l^aaMi, 

.Ktr  Oiktr  (tfNvryaairr 
Por  tha  law  cani,'*rnlng  cnvanami,  laa  CoviMAirr^ 
eic  ,  in  Iha  Icm  lo  Uaaiia,  above. 

(.ovawAirr— AMinaiianT  f>»  fiAtia  ALinwan. 
That  idid  C,  D.  mavaaalcn,  laaaa,  or  othirwiaa 
dtapoaa  of  or  part  with  all  or  any  part  of  the  pram- 
laaa and  tanamanta  lo  him  conveyed  and  laaaad 
by  thaaa  praaanta,  ar  by  a  (luntaynnt^a  «r|  laaaa 

bearing  data  Iha  day  of  — ,  unto ,  ate, 

for  all  or  any  part  of  hia  aetata,  Inlereal,  or  tarma 
thereunder,  or  by  virtue  of  hia  aald  laaaa,  any  ra- 
itiictlon  tharalo  to  tha  conlrai  y  nolwlthatandlng, 

<Viv«HAHT— AiiKiHiiaiiT  c»  LaAta  Panxiairao. 

Thai  laid  party  of  tha  aaeond  partlhUmrtuMn, 
atIminl»irMiura  itr  a^tigna.  or  aity  or  edhr-,  ,)<  thrm), 
jhall  not  at  any  tlma  haraaftar  during  tha  larm 
hereby  granted,  aaalgn,  convey,  l*a»e,  or  tranafar 
any  of  hia  or  Ihalr  aatata,lntaraat.  ur  tarm  or  any 
part  thereof  In  aald  pramlaaa  01  thair  appurta- 
nancaa,  to  ary  paraon  or  ronona  whomioavar 
(tvlihoui  the  contani  ol  tald  party  of  the  flrat  part,  hli 
hein,  ric  .  In  wriiing,  being  (lr«i  obtained),  anything 
harainbafora  contalnad  In  anywiaa  to  tha  contrary 
thereof  octwlthaundlng. 


CoviMAirr-  BDiLotNa,  rrc. 
8aa  I.a^»i--Huii.i)n«a,  arc,  peil. 

CovanAirr-BLlMDa.  BoAana,  arc.,  to  OaaTai/cr 
Viaw.  arc. 

And  It  ll  haraby  covanantad  and  agraad  by  and 
betwaan  all  aaid  partlaa  to  thaaa  praaanta,  thaIr 
aaaculora,  ate,  aa  fv>llowa  (that  la  lu  >ay): 

That  any  of  aaid  oartlaa,  Ihalr  axacitora,  ale, 
ahall  and  »•  >!  ihalr  plaaattra  faatar;  and  aat  up 
bllnda  or  b«»      •  for  tha  purpoaa  of  hindering  and 

obatrucHm    ,««  eutloeh  or  proapact  of  iha 

window.     JO  Iha  — -  part  Tar  ilda)  uf  tha   — 
hulMiii     ot  tha  pramlaaa  haraby  convtyad  and 


Si6 


CONVEYANCES. 


If 


laaMd.  Provided  laid  blinds  or  bearda  shall  not 
obatruct  or  hindtr  tha  ll|ht  coming  throush  aatd 
windows  into  aaid  building. 

CoviHAnr— UiATH  or  Lawia, 
Sm  Conoitiuns  on  PNovitoa,  ibov*. 

CoVtNAHT— DWILLINO   IN   PrBMIIM. 

That  aald  C.  D.  ahali  dwall  in  and  panonally 
iPhabll  and  occupy  Mid  prainlata,  or  a  part  thara- 
o.,wlth  hli  family,  and  not  cioaa  and  d«Mrt  tha 
uuna  during  aaid  tarm. 

COVIHAHT— Eimv,  ETC. 

Eaa  Conditions  or  Paoviios,  Rinrrav,  arc.,  abova. 

CovBHANT— Fiaa  Claias. 

That  in  caaa  tha  building  haraby  laasad  shall  ba 
partially  damagad  by  Are,  tha  sama  ahall  ba  ra- 
paired  as  apeedily  as  possible  by  and  at  the  ex- 
pense of  said  party  of  the  first  part  (.1  prouoriionate 
rediiclion  of  rent  being  nude  for  the  lime  ol  Mid  damaged 
portion  i>  untciMuiubTc).  Provided  tha  damage  be 
not  caused  by  the  carelessness  of  the  party  of  tha 
second  psrt,his  agsnts  or  smploycea. 

That  in  case  the  damage  la  so  extensive  aa  to 
render  tha  building  untenanuble,  tha  rent  shall 
csass  until  the  sama  ia  rspairsd.  Provided  tha 
damage  be  not  caused  by  the  carelessness  of  tha 
P'.'^y^'  ****  ascond  part.hia  agents  or  employees. 

If  the  building  bs  so  damaged  that  the  owner 
ahall  decide  to  rebuild,  aaid  term  shall  cease,  the 
premises  b«  surrsndered,  and  the  accrued  rent  ba 
paid  up  to  tha  time  of  the  Are. 

CovKNANT—FixTuxas— To  Bur. 
And  said  partias  hereby  covenant  and  agree  s 
That  at  the  expiration  of  the  present  Icasa,  or 
of  ths  rsnswal  thersof,  the  sama  ba  accepted : 
■sid  party  of  the  flrst  part  ahall  and  will  purchase 
of  aaid  party  of  the  aecond  part  all  the  machinery 
and  flxiuraa  that  shall  have  been  placed  ia  and 
upon  ssld  premises  during  tha  whole  time  ha 
ahali  have  occupied  the  aana  by  virtue  of  thla 
lease,  allowing  the  fuU  valuation  at  which  aaid 
machinery  and  Oaturea  ahaM  be  eatimatad  in  aaid 
buildings,  and  not  for  tha  purpose  of  removal. 

In  case  said  partiea  ahall  not  agree  upon  euch 
valuation,  then  the  earae  ahall  bo  made  by  three 
dislntrreeted  persons,  one  each  to  ba  choasn  by 
aaid  partias,  and  they  to  choose  the  third,  etc. 
Sec  AbSMCV,  Akbttbatium  Foait*,  anu. 

CoVBNAint^lMPKOVSMBim.  BTC. 

Bald  A.  B.  hereby  covenanu  with  aaid  C   D. 

that  he,  the  aaid  A.  B.,  ahaU  and  will,  within 

nest  after  tlie  dat«  hereof,  lay  out  and  expend  tha 
aum  of  — -  in  repairing,  bMtariog,  and  improving 
aaid  pramiees,  and  tha  buildings,  stc,  thereon,  as 
rollowa :  (tftcjfying  Ikt j^mrlkuUr  iu$/r»vtm4mtt  and 
r*Jiu'rt,ttc.)  ■■ 

CovaNAMT— ImiABrriNO  PaxMisaa. 
See  CovBMANT— Dw3u.u(c  IN  PasiusiB,  above. 

COVBMAHT— iHSVaAWa  BV  LsaeOB,  BTC. 

That  eaid  A.  B.,  his  executors,  adratniatraters, 
and  aasigna,  ahaU  and  wiU,  at  hia  or  their  own 
coet  and  expoaae,  froM  time  to  time,  aufBdentiy 
inaura  all  and  every  building  and  tenement,  etc., 
erected  and  to  be  craetad  en  the  land  hsratw  con- 
vaved  and  leaaed,  or  any  part  tkcfoof,  frsm  eaa- 
^Ity,  damage,  and  loea  by  Are  during  tha  time 
hereby  granted,  ia  aome  one  or  mora  reaponaibla 
•ad  aeeure  inauraneo  company  or  companlaa. 

That  in  caaa  aaid  buildings,  tenements,  ate,  or 
any  of  them,  or  any  part  ol^tbem,  ahaU  at  any 
time  or  timee  during  tha  aaid  term  ba  burned 
down,  destroyad.  or  damaged  by  Are,  aaid  A.  B. 
ahall  and  will  firom  time  to  time  immadiauly 
thereafter  rebuild,  or  anaeiantly  repair  and  in- 
sure tha  aama.  _____ 

CovBMAMT— NoncB  TO  Dbtbbmimb  Lsasb. 
See  CoMomoN  oa  Proviso,  Moticb.  btc,  snie. 

CovaiiAirr— NoxioM  on  OrrsMsivB  Occi/patioh— 

KilT  TO'PUBSVB. 

Tb»t  ■•14  Pt  P.|  ki«  aK0«vtar«,  |i4pi|ptotnrtora, 


and  aeeigne,  ehall  not  at  any  time  during  the  con- 
tinuance of  eald  term  permit  or  suffer  an"  person 
or  persons  to  follow,  in  or  upon  said  prstnlses,  or 
any  nart  thereof,  the  trade  of  brewer,  buUhtr, 
distiller,  dyer,  glue  manufacturer,  euap  boiler, 
Ullow  chandler,  etc.,  etc., or  any  otbi;rnauaeou«, 
noxious,  or  offensive  occupation  whatsoever, 
without  ths  ass>  nt  of  said  A.  B.,  his  sxscutori, 
administrators,  or  assigns,  being  Arst  obUiocd 
in  writing  for  that  purpose. 

Covenant— Pavino  Rent,  etc. 
See  Lease— DuiLiuNu,  etc.,  slwva. 

Covenant-  Qui  .•  at  End  op  Tebm. 
That  said  C  D.  shall  and  will  at  the  expiration 
or  ether  sooner  determination  of  the  eaid  term 
peaceably  and  quietly  surrsndsr  and  yield  up  laid 
prsmisss  unto  said  A.  B.,hls  heirs  and  assiana, 
together  with  all  Axtures  snd  sppurtsnancss,  and 
airothei  things  fastened  or  sunding  In  and  upon 

ths  same  or  any  part  thereof  for  the  last years 

of  said  term.  

Covbmant— Re-Entmv,  etc. 

SeeCoNDITIONS  OE  PbOVI8U»-Re-EnTET,  ETC.,Bb0Te. 

Covenant— Rbnbwal. 

The*  said  A.  B.  (hii  exccuioii,  etc  ),  at  the  cost 
and  expense  of  said  C.  D.  (hit  sxeculort,  etc.), 

(when  requenied  by  him  or  theu montbi  before  the 

expiraiuHi  of  the  term  hereby  granted)  ehall  and  will 
■rant  a  further  leaae  of  the  aforesaid  pramiset 

for  tha  further  term  of ,  to  commence  frcn 

the  term  hereby  granted,  at  and  under  the  sama 
yearly  rent,  and  containing  therein  the  lik«  agree- 
mente  and  covenanta  aa  are  in  these  pressnu 
conuUnsd. 

AnMkir—By  lml«rt*m*nl. 

That  in  caaa  aaid  party  of  the  aecond  part  *btU 
with  tha  written  conaent  of  said  party  of  the  Aret 
part,  indoraed  hereon,  or  en  the  duplMate  hereof, 
at  any  time  held  ever  the  eald  premises  beyond 
tna  pariod  above  spsciAed  aa  ths  tsrmlnaUen  of 

*5'*i.lf^'  ^A*"  •^.*  P"'*y  •'  »•»•  aecond  part 
ahall  hold  aaid  premiaaa  upon  the  same  terms  snd 
under  the  same  agreements  and  cevenaate  as  are 
contained  in  thU  lease :  and  no  holding  over  by 
said  party  of  the  aecond  part  ahall  operate  to  ti. 
new  tbialaaiia  without  aaid  written  cenaaiit. 

Covenant— RxTAias. 
Sss  Covbnamt— iMraovBHBim,  rrc.,  above. 

Covsmaki^Sbll  on  Raovsar. 
That  In  caaa  aaid  C.  O..  his  halra,  esacaters, 
administrators,  or  aaalgna,  ahall  during  aaid  term 
de^re  and  Intend  to  porabaae  the  premises  here- 
by leaaed,  and  ahaU  giva  notice  of  sueh  desirs  and 
intsntioa  in  writing  during  said  tarm  unto  aaid 
A.  a,  hto  haira  or  aaatena,  at  hia  or  their  usual 
or  laat  nlaca  of  aboderihen  aatd  A.  a.  hia  heirs 

tha  iw 


__- ,  _^ —  —  -_,— ,„t  by  aaid  C 

haira,  Mecutpra,  etc..  Bie  aum  of^ — ,  aa  tha  con- 
iMeration  of  aaid  purchaaa,  and  also  MiyUw  to 
him  or  them  an  artwura  of  rant  which  ahall  ba 
then  due,  etc. 

COVBNANT-'^Xn-.pATMBKr  0»  BV  LbSSON. 

That  aald  A.  B.,  hU  esecutora.  adminiatrators, 
and  aaaigna,  ahali  and  wiU  from  time  to  time 
during  afld  term  pay  aU  assisamanta,  does,  rates 
and  taxaa  whateoavar,  whan  do«,  that  may  ba  as- 
f*^'  *i^fl**'  i'«>P«»*.  •»■  Mtad  on  the  pram- 
iaeii  bcraby  faaaad,  or  anv  part  Uieraof,  and  Kere- 
£r*>S  f-y*  barmlaaa  and  heap  iadamnlAad  aaid 
C.  D.,  hia  emcutors,  adminiatiratora,  and  aaoigns, 
his  and  their  gooda,  chattels,  taniia,  nndtene^ 
manta*  ^^^^ 

CoyEMAMr-TAJCBS  AND  RarAOw, 
_^  ttutt  10  liHbitt  Oat^Ktmt. 

That  aald  C.  D.,  hte  aaacutera,  •dnUalatrMara. 
and  Maifna,  aMj  •*>*  mayrMJa  awtTf^ 


■■■■*^'«<IVIWW»W»  ieii»»***V.«wei»* 


not  at  •ny  tim*  during  lh«  eon- 
rm  permit  or  nxtttr  an-'  pcnon 
w,  in  or  upon  tald  prainlMi,  or 
tha  trad*  of  brawar,  butchtr, 
t  manuracturar,  auap  boUir, 
:c,,  ttc.,or  any  othi;rnauaaoui, 
alv*  occupation  whataoaver, 
It  of  said  A.  B.,  hla  aaacutori, 
aaalfna,  balog  Arat  obtained 
purpoaa. 

r— Pay  I  HO  Rint,  arc. 
-BuiLuiNu,  Btt.,  abovo. 

Qui.' ATENDoiiTeaM. 
hall  and  will  at  tha  aaplratlen 
itarminatlen  of  the  aald  t«rm 
tly  aurrandar  and  yiald  up  laid 
1  A,  B.,hia  halraand  aaaiani, 
ituraa  and  appurUnancao,  and 
tancd  or  standing  In  and  upon 
rt  thsreof  for  tha  laat years 

NT— Ra-EMTav,  arc. 
aovisua— Rb-Enthy,  aTC.,aboTa. 

NANT— RbHBWAL. 

(hit  sxccutors,  ate  ),  at  tha  cost 
lid  C.  D.   (his  axsculois,  cic), 

im  or  thcu aioiuhs  b«for«  ihe 

n  hereby  granted)  ahall  and  will 
>a«  of  tha  aforaaald  premises 
tn  of  — — ,  to  commanca  frcni 
antad,  at  and  under  the  aame 
■talning  tharain  tha  llkd  agree- 
iota  ■•  are  in  thaaa  praaanu 

r^Sf  InJfrttmtfU. 
party  of  tha  aacond  part  sbtU 
inaant  of  aald  party  of  tha  firat 
on,  or  on  tha  dupUcata  hereof, 
in  tha  aald  praniiaaa  beyond 
peclAad  aa  tha  termlnaUon  of 
lid  party  of  tha  aacond  part 
liaaa  upon  tha  aame  tarma  and 
eameota  and  covanaata  aa  are 
ease :  and  no  holding  over  by 
icond  part  ahall  eperata  to  re- 
lout  aatd  written  conaant. 

iHAHT— RarAias. 
iMraovBMBMTS,  arc.,  above. 

i^SaiL  OM  RBQvaar. 
1  C.  O.,  hla  heira,  asacntata, 
laalgna,  ahall  during  aald  term 
>  purcbaae  tha  premisaa  here- 
giva  notice  of  auch  deaira  and 
I  during  aald  term  unto  aald 
aaaigna,«t  hla  or  thalr  oaual 
iida,lhan  aald  A.  &.  hla  halra 
I  tha  ceata  and  aaponaa  of  aaM 
.,  convey  aald  pramlaaa,  with 
and  every  part  Iharaof  unto 
,  enecntota,  etc.,  aa  be  at  thiw 
be  payiaent  by  aald  C  D.,  hb 
!.,  the  aum  or—,  aa  tha  con- 
purehaaa,  and  alao  m^Umt  to 
rreara  of  rant  which  ahaff  be 


la-pATMBMT  0»  BV  LasBoa. 

lite  asacutora.  adminlatrators, 
and  will  from  time  to  time 
y  all  aaaeaamanta,  dnaa,  ratee 
«r,  when  doa,  that  may  ba  a»- 
poaad,  or  rated  on  tba  prem- 
>r  any  part  thereof,  and  there- 
•  and  keep  IndamnlBad  aald 
,  admlnUtratora,  and  aaaigns, 
s,  chattala,  land*,  nod  tana- 

-Taxis  amd  RarAina. 
OHbM  Ott^Ktmt. 
ito  aaaculore.  adntinlatTMoca, 
and  ma)riataiii««toft*fi7 


CONVEVANCES. 


J17 


year  a  rant  agreed  to  be  paid  to  aald  A.  B.  aa 
'i"'if^***'  "?  """'•  money  as  he,  the  said  C.  D., 
snail  irom  time  to  time,  during  said  term,  have 
paid  for  the  taaee  agreed  to  be  paid  by  said  A.  B., 
hla  hairs,  eaecutors,  stc.  And  also  for  such  ad- 
ditions, amendmente,  and  repaire  by  him  made 
and  done.  In  and  about  aald  pramlaee,  by  and 
with  the  coneent  and  direction  of  eaid  A.  B.,  his 
heirs,  etc.,  or  without  auch  consent,  so  that  such 
money  be  laid  out  ^.id  eapended  In  repairing  and 
aupportlng  aald  premieee  or  aome  part  thereof. 

_.     CovBijANT— Umubk-Lbasb  PsoHIBITan. 

That  said  CD.,  his  exeeutora  or  administrators, 
shall  not  at  any  time  during  eaid  term  aaeign,  set 
over,  under-leaae  or  under-let  eaid  premisee,  or 
"^*,_''V*  'hereof,  or  in  any  other  manner  part 
with  tha  poaeeaeisn  or  peeupaUoo  of  tha  aame 
without  the  epeclal  conaant  or  licenaa  of  aald  A. 
B.,hlB  haire  or  aaeigna.  In  writing  under  huior 
their  handa  (and  leaby  Hret  had  and^obuinad. 

CovsHAWT-UsB  or  PaBMisas  Limitbd. 

J^M  •? '*•  Prj"'**"'  ?"*  •"•'y  9*^  thereof, 

shall  during  said  term  of be  uead  only  for  the 

fallowing  busioeee  and  purpoaea,  to  wit :  idncrit. 
inf  lh*m). 

Anelktr. 

That  aald  premlees,  nor  any  part  thereof,  ehall 

not  at  any  time  during  eaid  term  of ,  be  used 

aa  {itmt*  miat).  _^_ 

COVSNANT— WatBR   RatB  OB  TaX.  BTC. 

That  aald  A.  B.  ahall  pay  tha water  rate  or 

Ux.and  keep  all  plumbing,  pipea,  dralna,  eU., 
etc.,  In  eaid  premisee.  In  repair,  and  leave  tha 
same  in  aa  good  eUtt  and  conditioo  aa  reaaonabta 
uaa  and  wear  thereof  will  permit. 

€«nclN«l*Mn  In  Lmmmm. 

Sft  Olhtr  CtmvfrMMtn, 
Signed  (and  sealed)  j  er. 

Signed,  aaaiad,  and  aciinowledged  s  «r, 

WItneaa  our  handa  (and  seals);  *r, 

QWen  under  onr  handa  (and  sealt);  «r. 

In  wItneaa  whereof,  wa  hareunto  tnt  our  handa. 
•te. ;  #r,  

In  wItneaa  whereof,  tha  partiaa  to  thaaa  praa- 
enta  bava  hereunto  eat  their  handa.  ate. :  «r. 

In  wItneaa  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  aat  oar 

handa  (and  affixed  our  seals)  (at  — ~),  thia day 

of^— ;  »r,  ___ 

In  witnaaa  wheraef.  we  have  hereunto  aat  our 
handa  (#«  subscribed  our  names),  the  day  and  year 
Brat  (er  last)  above  writUn ;  er,  ' 

In  witnaaa  whereof.  A.  B..(ha  pmty  of  tha  Brat 
Mrt.  and  C  D..  the  party  of  tha  aecond  part.  In 
thelf  own  proper  peraona  have  hareunto  reepec- 
tivalyand  aavemUy  aat  their  handa  and  aeala,  thia 

^^i^^  <''**'^'^  "*  '"'  ""^  •""•> 

mmrnrntrnwrn  (mm*  m^mW. 

See  Dana  and  other  conveyances,  aate. 

AttMMatlm  AT  WltMM  CliuraM. 

See  Dana  and  other  conveyances,  anu. 


All 


InstruMents  for  the  canveyance  of  real  esute  or 


....  ..n.wmriin  lur  UK  sunTcyanco  01  rasi  estate 

*a)L  c!!7*  J!!^"  "^  ^^  recorded  In  the  proper 


office  for  Ihe  rscordlng  of  deeds,  etc..  In  order  to 

judgment  creditors,  auMrtgagses.  subscqucat  purehaMn, 
ttc.  It  le  ctttiomary  la  only  record  leasM  for  yean, 
and  not  for  a  shorter  period.    See  GsNaaAi.  STAnmH. 

.    «  .•■!•■»  f»I 

.  A.  B.  laaaaa  to  C.  O. 


foratamof 


upon  the  pnymant  of . 

*/•' .  A.B. 

Aiutttr. 

I,A.  B.,4«tii  if«M  mtf  convajr  wit»«.  O.  (*- 


«rr////««  ^^rmififi),  for  a  term  of IVom  data, 

upon  the  paymtnt  of ,  as  follows : . 

AWitnsae  my  hand,  thia day  of . 

^    »  A.  a 

I,  A.  B. ,  in  conaideration  of dollara,  payable 

— — .  do  hereby  lease  and  demise  unto  C.  D.,  the 
rollowing  premises  (,lt>,r^ing  t/kem),  for  a  term 
of——  from  the  date  hereof. 

WItneaa  tha  following  algnature  and  eeal. 

^      .  A.  B.    [SnJ.I 

Know  all  men  by  theee  preeente : 

unTS'^  'n'»  •  l*"' "!.•'  °'  -T'  '•»  •"««  "••"»•«» 

unto  C.  D.  my  h- .:*e  and  premises,  number . 

1.1.i  7^- *Ifi"''  '^ •.*""'  '^* appurtenences 

and  the  eole  and  uninterrupted  use  and  occupal 
tlon  thereof  for  one  year,  to  commence  the  -—- 

m„nhy,rent  of-—  dollare,  payable  (In  sJviilc. 
•^  SI  Ihe  eiul  of  e.ich  month,  »r  quArter). 
Witnees  my  hand,  etc.  a.  B. 

«>KarRRAI<  rORX  i.RAI«EH. 

,. .  >•* «'je-«ei»«ri»l  r«rin. 

«f  * ''  *¥Ja%'  «•  ~r  ''•y  "' •  «»«»ween  A.  B., 

?.-J^"**'  •'V/"'-"'*'«'jr  ^'tmi,„),  for  one  year 
1\^,^'J^  for  auch  longer  time  after  the  ex- 

partiaa  ahall  aglee,  and  until  the  end  of  three 
rnontha  after  notice  ahall  be  given,  by  either  of 
the  ea  d  partiaa  to  the  other  orthem,  for  eaving 
the  eaid  premieee, at,  etc.,  for  the  yearly  rent  of 
— -.  to  be  paid  quarterly  on  the  — i  dai4  of  -— . 
etc.,  by  even  and  equal  portione,  which  aaii{ 
yearly  rent  tha  aald  €.  D.  ifoea  her;by,  for  him" 

Mda  ^r^"™"-""- "-^"i^'-"!^"' '— ^ 

"  and  his  1.^ 

Mtri:;:i!;r3.-;ir/oira-n.f;-,^^^^^^^ 

aa  aforaaald,  and  until  tha  and  of  the  aald  three 
mootha,  neat  after  noUca  ahall  ba  given  by  either 


executora  and  admlnlatratora,  covenant 
1  heirs  ••>,(*«/  (/.•/*#rWi#,M»,"„eeilo^ 


fi  ^i  ••«f>'rt«'w.to'the  oth;'r"S'f%em."r5r'taa" 
Ing  the  aald  premieae  aa  aforeeald. 
in  witnaaa  whereof,  etc. 

l>«M>-«l«ii«n«l  rorM. 

"•^  *5'fw-T  ""y  "' •  «>«tween  A.  brT of 

iNarQrer  tha  Arat  part,  and  C.  D. ,  of .  »rty  of 

thaaecond  part,  witnaaaeth :  ti~"y« 

That  tha  aald  party  of  the  flrot  pan  doee  by 

thaaa  praMnM  laaea  to  the  aald  partyof  theee^ 

tha daj^of ,  ' 

And  tha  aald  party  of  tha  aacond  part  cove< 
nnnta  and  agreaa  witli  tha  party  of  thi  Arat^rt 
to  pay  the  aald  party  of  tha7rsl  part,  as  rant"or 
the  aame.  tha  aum  of dollara,  pay;blaufol. 

Tha  aa^d  party  of  the  aacond  part  fuTthwcova. 
5S."  "L'SliJ.ff;  '^.S^r  '"•'••Ar.t  pSrMhM  « 
J2?.^**£.™*''5  •'  ***^  *"»•  ""•ntlonod  In  thia 
■{Ma^paMaabla  poaa  wion  of  the  aald  premtaM 
ahall  be  given  to  aald  party  of  the  Sret  par'.  InM 
good  condition  aa  thty^ow  are,  tha  uaual  wear 
rnavttaUe  nceldanta.  ind  loaa  by  A%  J^e^  t' 
and  that  upon  ^a  non-payment  of  tha  whefoor 

Jl?i;f?r^211'  *'  •?«  ««'•"»  •«  tha  time  whan  tba 
aame  la  above  promiaod  to  be  paid,  the  aald  party 

train  for  aald  rant  due.  or  declare  thie  laaaa  at  an 

held  by  ferdUa  deuiner :  the  eaid  party  of  tha 
;?**?*.  Pyrt  hereby  waivina  any  notice  of  auch 
^aetion^  any  demand  for  (the  piaaeaaionof  tald 

1*0  covmianta  haraln  ahaU  aatand  to  and  be 

5JSS?-r  C52 :5i.''••I^  ?"•«•»««.  •»*  •dmlntol 
trntmra  or  tha  pwrtlea  to  tliia  laaaa. 

Witnaaa  anid  partiaa'  handa  and  aaala. 

iSirmUurt  ^  Ltutr.)    tSmlA 


iHiiiiliiia 


,%> 


ji8 


CONVEYANCES. 


1 


I 


! 


K^MMV— M«m«mn<lNM. 

Mamerandum,  That  A.  B. ,  of ,  haa  laaaad  to 

C.  D. ,  of  —  -,  tha  pramlaaa  ir  tanamant  In  ■.  atraat, 
in  — -,  In  which  tha  aaid  A.  B.  Utaly  dwalt,  to 

hold  for  ona  whola  yaar  (Vom  naat  anauing, 

and  ao  hem  yaar  to  yaar ;  yiaMIng  and  Vaying 
yaarly  aad  avary  yaar  unto  tha  aaid  A.  B.  tha 

Mim  af ,  by avan  and  aqual  paymanta,  tha 

ftrat  paymant  to  ba  roada  on ,  tha  aacond  pay- 

Riant  on ,  ate..  In  avary  yaar. 

And  tha  aaid  A.  B.  haa  agraad  to  rapair  tha  pram- 
laaa, othar  than  tha  glaaa  windowa  thara<«i  and 
palaa  baforo  tha  doar ; 

And  tha  aaid  C.  O.  haa  agraad  t«  rapair  tha  win- 
dowa during  tha  tarm  s  

And  tha  aiUd  A.  &  haa  agraad  that  C.  D.  may 
raUin  tha  Arat  qtiartar'a  rant,  laying  It  e«it  In 
painting  tha  outalda  of  tha  aaid  Immum,  and  tha 
ovarplaa  (H  any)  otharwiaa  in  and  about  tha  aaid 
bouaai 

And  ftarthar,  that  tha  aaid  C.  D.  may  antar  at 
any  tima  bafora  midaummar. 

ProvMad,  that  It  oithar  of  aaid  partlaa,  thair 
aaaeutcta  or  admlnlatratera,  aheuM  daaira  to  da- 
tarmlna  tha  aaid  laaaa.and  ahouM  laava  and  giva 
notiaa  tharaof  In  writing  to  tha  othar,  hia  aaac- 
utota  or  admlniatratora,  ona-quartar  of  a  yaar  ba- 
fora  tha  and  af  any  yaar,  than,  fram  tha  and  of 
tha  aama  yaar,  tha  aaid  laaaa  ahall  daiarmina  and 
baveld. 

IB  witnaaa  wbaraef,  ate. 

liCMM— CiMiVHtl  Tmtnm. 

Thia  («(tcem«ni,  convayanca,  indcntura,  «r)  laaaa, 
mada  tha day  af ,  witnaaaath : 

That  I,  A.  B.,of .do  haraby  laaaa, dam laa, 

and  lat  unto  &  D.,  of ,  a  cartain  tract  of  land, 

ia county,  and  ttau  of  — ,  with  all  tha 

bttildinga  tharaen  atanding  and  tha  appurta- 
nancaa  to  tha  aama  belonging,  boundad  and  da- 
aeribad  aa  followa,  to  wit  («r  a  certain  hounc  In  aaid 

city,  en  lot  number  — ,  in itruet,  etc.,  wlUi  iha 

land  under  and  n^ioiuiiig  ihc  tame). 

To  hold  tha  aama  for  tha  term  of ,  from  tba 

ViaMU«  and  paying  tharalbr  tha  —  tt,i>* 
of . 

And  aaid  laaita  agraaa  to  pay  tha  aaid  rant  In 

Ibur  quarterly  paymanta  on  the daya  of : 

to  quit  and  deliver  up  tha  premiaea  to  tha  lacaor 
or  ntcattoraey,  peaceably  and  quietly.  M  tba  end 
of  the  term.  In  aa  good  order  and  condition,  r«a- 
eonable  aae  and  waartag  Ihertof.  flra  an4  other 
unaveidaMa  caauahiea  eaceMtd,  aatha  aama  now 
are  or  may  ba  put  into  by  tae  aaid  leaeor:  to  pay 
tharemaaabawMMd.aadaUtajieaaad  duilaa 
be  levied  thcraaii,  during  tna  tt 


aad  aleo  the  rant  and  taseat.aa  above  atatad,  for 
auch  furtlMr  time  aa  tba  leiaee  hMy  hoM  the 
aama.    Aad  alao  not  to  nmho  or  anffw  a 


__    _  ranywaata 

thereof ;  nor  leaae,  not  underlet,  nor  permit  aay 
other  peraoa  or  pafMoa  to  oecttpy  or  Improva  the 
emne :  or  make  or  anObr  to  ba  made  ney  aitera- 
tloB  therein  but  with  tba  approbatton  of  tha 
laaaer  tharato.  la  writing,  baviag  baaa  Atat  o^ 
tainadi  And  Ibrther  that  the  lamer  may  enter  t« 
view,  and  ntaba  Improvamarnta,  aad  to  expel  the 
a,  if  ha  ahall  iul  to  pay  tba  rant  and  taaea  aa 
'  aumr  any  atrip  or  waata 


In  Witnaaa  wbaraef,  the  aaid  partlaa 
unto  tetai«lmngeabiy  aet  their  Ma* 
the  day  and  yaar  ftrat  above  written. 


laaddtfirarad) 


Mgn^^Mriad 

m  preaenca  of 
(A^^aarvnM  ^r  aaaMnvM.) 

Thta  (a 


D. 


(aad  aeala), 
tSmt.] 


a  thia-— day  af .byA.B..of r,  of  the 

pait.  H  C  ».,  «f  — — .  of  tba  aacond  pwt. 
laeaetat 
That  tba  fatty  of  tba  fltat  part  4aaa  bereby  Itt 
and  rant  oata  wa  party  of  tae  aaaead  part,  aad 
the  party  of  tba  aeeoad  part  deea  karebp  Ura  and 
take  from  thapartyef  tha  ftrat  aart  tne  ~ 
teg  daaaribad  pramlaaa;  (ktrt/ittum*  tk* 


}4itcrit- 


For  a  term  of yeara,  commencing  the 

lay  of ,  and  ending  the day  of . 

At  the  yearly  (quartarly,  »r  ■iaalltly)rant  of  — 
lallua.  nayabla  In  equal  (quarterly,  »r  atomhly) 
on  tha  Aiat  daya  of  (each  nomh,  «r 


paymanta^  , 

January,  April,  July,  and  Uclobtr)  In  each  year.* 

That  If  any  rant  ahall  be  due  and  unpaid,  or  If 
default  fihall  be  made  in  any  of  tha  cevenanta 
herein  contaioad,  then  it  ahall  ba  lawful  fbr  aaid 
party  of  the  ftrat  part  to  re-enter  eald  pramlaaa 
and  remove  all  pamone  therefrom  (said  party  oi' 
the  aacond  part  waiving  notice  to  quit,  or  of  muntion 
to  re-cntar). 

And  aaid  party  of  the  eecond  part  eovenanta 
that  ac  tha  aanlration  of  eald  term,  or  other  de- 
termination erthie  leaae,  to  quit  aad  aurrendci' 
aaid  premiaea  to  eald  party  of  the  ftrat  part,  or 
hie  aaalgna,  in  ae  good  a  etata  and  condition  aa 
raaaonable  uea  and  wear  thereof  will  permit, 
damai^e  by  tha  elementa  eacaptad. 

And  aaid  party  of  tha  ftrat  part  eovenanta  tlut 
on  paying  the  eald  yearly  (qiumerly,  ar  monthly) 
rant,  and  performing  the  covenanu  aforaeald, 
aaid  party  oftha  aeeer  d  part  ahall  and  may  peace- 
ably and  quietly  have,  held,  and  eojey  aaid  leaaad 
nremiaea  far  the  term  aforeeaid. 

In  witneeo  whereof,  eald  partice  have  iater- 


chang aably  aet  their  baada  (aud  tcaU)  the  day  and 
year  Brat  above  written. 

Executed  in  preeence  )  0.  K 

of  W.  T.,  N.  8.      / 

lioaaa— Oaaaral  fwraa. 

Thie  (agrcemcM,  conveyance,  indenture,  ar)  leaae, 

made  thia dayof ,  by  A.  B. ,  of ,  of  tha 

ftrat  part,  and  C.  0..  of ,  of  the  aecood  part, 

witneeeeth : 


That  the  aaid  party  of  tha  ftrat  part,  in  conaid- 
eratlon  of  tba  rente,  eovenanta  and  atlpulationa 
hereinafter  mentioaad,  and  hereby  agreed  to  be 
paid,  kept  and  performed  by  the  aaid  party  of  the 
eecond  part,  hb  aaecuton,  admlniatratora  and 
aaalgna,  Ma  leaaad.  aad  by  ttaaee  preeenta  doee 
leaae.  to  the  aaid  party  of  the  aecond  part  the  fol- 
lowing deecribed  premlaee  y^ncr»t  tkt  htu*.  a* 
^  trKk,  ar  ttont,  or  Mwn^,  number  rf  tierin),  lot 
number  — ,  in  Mock  number  -~-.  in  the  eity  of 


Par  aad  diwiac  the  term  of .tecommeaee 

on  the day  of ,  at  the  annual  rent  of—, 

payable  in  tteur  equal  quarterly  paymanta.  begin- 
nlag  tbaaa  ■wntha  drom  the  data  hereof. 

Aay  follura  to  pay  each  payment  of  rent  when 
due.  to  produce  a  ferfeltuto  of  thia  leaae,  if  eo  de- 
termlaed  by  eald  leaaer  or  Me  encteeaari. 

TM  laaaa  of  aaid  <enement  or  any  part  af  It  ie 
not  aaaignable,  nor  la  aaid  tenement  or  any  part 
of  it  to  be  underlet.  witMut  tM  written  concent 
of  aaid  laaaor,  under  penalty  of  feriMtute. 

And  It  to  hereby  coveaMtad.  tMt.  at  tM  expi- 
ration of  thto  leaae,  the  aaid  tenement  aad  pram- 
^-nValre, 


leea  are  to  be  autrendered  to  aaid  laaaor,  Ma  1 
aacigaa,  «r  aaeaaaaera,  to  tha  eeadltloa  reeelved, 
only  caeeptlagWa  aataral  wear  and  decay.er  tM 
alhetc  ef  acciieatal  Are. 

All  lapaira  deemed  eacaaaary  by  aaid  laaaaa  to 
M  made  at  Maaapanaa. 

All  ftaturee  AaU  M  bound  Ibr  tM  reat. 

That  eald  kaaae.  and  aU  holdlag  andar  Him, 


here^  MliaCM  M  pay  the  rant  abava  i 

and  doubia  mat  fbr  every  day  when  n  6r  aay  oi 

olea  in  Ma  auM  aMUMMoa  tetM«vMleor 


aay  part  af  aaM  tanamaitt.  alfear  tM  awpiratteo 
of  thia  leaia.  or  af  Ita  forfoituta  for  aea-payment 
of  rant.  etc. 

iWa  taaamant  aad  pramtoCB  to  to  Kept  Area  ef 
any  nttiaaMa  tacv  a^iaocat  tharato,  at  tM  aa- 

'*"***  c.fc     \s*tu\ 

Bxecntadln  Braaenee  af  > 


la  —  day  of —.by  A.  Bl 

(of— S  ef  tiM  Arat  part,  to  C  D.  (of ),«f  ne 

1  part,  wltaeaaath : 

liM aaid  party  oftM  Arat  part. ta« 


Thia 


mm 


ft»n,  commencing  tha— • 

f  tha  —  day  of . 

•fly,  «r  moaihly)  raM  of  — - 
iquKl  (quarterly,  «r  aiomhly) 
at  daya  of  (aach  momh,  «r 
(1  Ociubcr)  In  aach  yaar.* 
Ill  ba  dua  and  unpaid,  or  If 
la  In  any  of  Uia  covananta 
n  It  ahall  ba  lawful  for  aaid 
t  to  ra<anl«r  aald  pramlaaa 
>na  tharafrom  (tald  party  ot' 
I  nolle*  to  quit,  or  of  fnuntion 

tha  aacond  part  covananta 
n  of  aald  tarm,  or  ethar  da- 
laaa,  to  quit  and  aorrandci' 
I  Murty  of  tha  Arat  part,  or 
oa  a  alBM  and  condition  aa 
waor  tharaof  will  parmlt, 
nta  aacaptad. 

Iia  (trat  part  covananta  tlut 
'aarly  (quarterly,  «r  monthly) 
I  tha  covananta  aforaaald, 
■d  part  ahall  and  may  paaca- 
,  hold,and  anjay  aaid  laaaad 
)  aforaaald. 

if,  aald  partlaa  hava  Inter- 
Iwnda  (ami  seal*)  tha  day  and 
an. 

A.  B. 
I  CD. 


ivcyanca,  liidcuture,  ar)  laaaa, 

— ,byA.B.,of ;  of  tha 

of  — ,  of  tha  aacond  part, 

r  of  tha  Arat  part,  in  conald- 
tsawananta  and  atipulatlona 
id,  and  barahy  agraad  to  ba 
mad  by  tha  aald  party  of  tha 
iciMora,  admlnlatratora  and 
and  by  thaaa  praaantt  doaa 
ky  of  tha  aacond  part  tha  fol- 
wnliaa  {itrscrit*  Itu  AmmT,  mt 
•nW,  mumbtr  rf  tUr^'tM),  lot 
I  numbar  — ,  in  tha  oity  of 

I  taraa  of .  to  commanca 

-,  attha  annual  rent  of . 

I  quarterly  paymanta,  be(ln- 
em  tba  data  haraof. 
MMh  payneant  of  rant  wbaa 
folttira  of  thia  laaaa,  if  ao  da- 
lor  or  hia  aoGcaaaon. 
■neaeaat  or  any  pan  of  It  ia 
•  aald  tanamaat  or  any  part 
vitbout  tha  writtan  coitaant 
panahy  of  farfeltiira. 
ivanantad.  that.  M  tka  axpi- 
ha  aald  lanatam  aati  arain- 
•rad  to  aald  laaaor,  hIa  Baira, 
a.  In  tha  eaaditloa  raoalvod, 
lural  wear  and  decay,  ar  tba 


I  naceaaary  by  aaid 

laa. 

I  botnid  fbr  tha  rant. 

lad  aU  holdiac  uBder  Mtm, 

ay  tlia  rant  abeva  reaarvad, 

very  My  whan  M  br  any  one 

•U  boH  o«  la  tha  wbala  or 

Mnant,  bilar  tha  enpltation 

I  forMtura  Dor  Bo»-payment 

pramlw  to  ba  Kept  free  of 
k4iMaat  tfMrato,  at  the  aa- 
•  A.B.       liW.) 

C  xT      iSimt.] 

'-) 


-^  dMrof — ,by  A.  Bi 
t,  to  C  b.  (or ),H  »a 

ath: 

rof  tha  am.p««.Vl4 


CO^fVEYANCES. 


.aSaT^li?^--^^^^^ 
M."  sis  v^-'^'-'-^^^ 

•ama,  the .rent  or  eum  or dollare  in - 

peymenla.  aa  followa,  to  wit :  (gJ^uZi  tU^ 

(Hertby  waiving  the  benaflt  of  the  axamption  valua. 

«^'rh,ps:r.rrj;rr "  -"  *"-  '^-^"• 
s  fhSt'Sw  15:  tir  •^•.'° "  •ss  vis'^it 

d^nf. r«?£.!w^Sf'*  "•"^ 'T?^' »n«*«tabla acc|. 
danta  and  loaa  by  Are  aacapted,  and  wUl  not  mlb> 

Ut'noVi'X.T:'?*'  »*.V"'''  ~' "S^.  nS?uSl'.r! 
iat,  nor  parmlt  any  other  paraoa  or  oaraanT  «V> 
occupy  the  eame,^  make  orwaij.  to^madt 

Py5"tbi%*5:r!i2;r'?'*"*S'"!r"»?^^ 

•ea  for  any  biiloearVr  oTln"  dSSSJl^aVa TSl" 
ardoue  on  aecount  of  Areiand  that  onSn  th^ 
Don.payment  of  the  r<tnt  aa  aforaeaM  iha  aiid 
JL'IK.'""''  M  "^  •'•etioo,  either  dSSSnfw  m  d 
rant  due,  or  daclaro  thia  Uaaa  at  anand.  and^a. 

fjjym*  "W!  ••  "»>•"  "V  ferelbUdeU  nerrthi 
MM  party  of  the  eacoMi  part  hereby  walvlnV  any 

In  witaaaa  whereof,  the  aald  oartiaa  ha«>  h.^. 
Jjnto. jt  thair  haoda,  ihe  d  ^  Iff  ^  tSu^bi^r^ 

rorCH..«orAcKiM>wi.BDOMairr,Melhattill«.    ' 

»2de^iS':=rdVo7:2LX'A"B^r"'ir:>  ^r'S!- 
«r..  part. »  c  k.  or-i!T.'fS;11L^i"'^'|\'; 


3»9 

eigne,  to  reenter  Into  and  upon  the  eald  damla«l 

f.I!Sr* '"•';'"""•■"•*  '•»•  •••"•  «ohavaaialn. 

tor'StS'Z!.'."'*  •'«»>'.•••»  h,a  or  their  ftrat'enj 

;hlT«»f""!l.*"y'5'"«  hereinbefore  contained  to 

ASS".h!'il  2"""  •"  "nr**^  notwithelanding! 

him»ir  .*  ^^  ?!"V  •'  *•  •^O'xi pan,  "or 

r»r!  i"  ""*  *"•  •••"••  •«•««««>"  and  admlUMtra- 
tore,  doea  covenant  and  agree,  to  and  with  tha 
eald  party  of  tha  Arat  part.Tiia  fceire  eSd^iil.n. 

2Ll.;r'.£!H';ii"  ?.'!•**'»?»•  MmlnlMratoreVw 
III!  fKT'AiJ".'"'*  Y"'<**"y'""«'  'vary  year  du" 
Ing  the  aald  term  bereliy  granted,  wall  end  truly 
pay,  or  sauaa  to  be  paid,  unto  the  aaidoartvaf 
«2A'!!1'""'  •"•  ";*"  ot  eeelanirrh^MiSViari; 
fiJIf^"*/***"'*'*'  •"  «»>•  daya  andTi  manner 

S.»e-rt.r:.ThS-ut  rny'S'efei-S 

a««"!?iiJr'i5!l.^.l^f*y  ""  ■•""'>  f»rt,hla 
wm-?^'-?.  "•'"'•*'•'""•  •'  ■••'«na.  ahall  and 
Ivi  U^L?**'  •'If.'*  «••*•  ■"<»  ehergaa,  bear,  pay. 

Sm?.*'*'!'**?^'  ••  •>»•»  or  may  durinTtha 
5!."L^!I!!L.''*'**»>'P*»»««*>  «>•  «»»«ried;aaaa5aed 
^A?jhS^.  upon  the  eald  damlaad  premlli;.       ' 


SSS^X'  -^'•""-"•»  •'  *"•  "-U  h'e7ib? 


wltnaaaatb  t 

J^A^.i'H^KI^y  •'  *•»•  ■"»  PM».  for  and  in 
con^wadoa  of  tha  rente,  eovenanta  and  aora!^ 


teuton,  adaalniatralora  and 

STpbltSraSd?*""**^'  «-  ftUly  to  b. 

YleMlac  Mid  payii 
perty 
•nd 


k  with  the  appi 

-!S?  ••oowlpirt,  hla'aa' 

— I  and  aselgoa,  from  tba 

^•tringand  uetiTtha  fkiU  and  and 


•NT  tbg  MM  pM^  flf  tha  am  pMt.  hIrMfa  pr  aa- 
SI 


wiU  paa..aWy7.a7uU«Jr  lUXTK^^^^^  TSS 
ffi«  JJ?.""?"  the  eaSi  party  of  tlia  Arat  part,  hii 
pJimtoiir*""'  •"  •"''  •«"«»'«  'he  aaid  Samliid 

-■VKi^fcTi'*"  "•'*?  •'  *•••  ""»  P«",  tor  hlmiielf 
?!^l^'JI'i^'"~"'»"'»»?~''»*»»""«orardii; 

SLJ5l'!!S°*  T-  'I*'  y»  •»«««'«or«radmli52 
iSd  Sl'J!2lrlK «"••  ••yttaea  praeenta.  that  the 
aald  party  of  tha  eecond part,  hie  evecuton. 

nl»\.  ^•J*  '•««»•««.  ond  peffoTming  the  cove- 
~2,**.S'"' "*••"»•»*•  •foreeaid  or  hiaandU^ai^ 
part,  the  eald  party  of  the  eecond  part  hla  a>«e. 

at  ail  tlmea  during  the  eald  term  hereby  aranta? 
£Sd 52S!Ji?lJ'''T*'y  *^ri' hold. a^d'eSjSJai 
!S  t  SSihta  S!?'?il5*'  *""'°,'»»  •»-?  obetrtictloo' 
nSJLr?5.  «•!  hindiynce  of  or  Aom  the  eel  J 
party  of  the  Aret  part,  hie  heire  or  aaaigna,  or  any 
other  paraon  or  pareona  whomaoaven  ' 

In  witnaea  whereof,  the  eald  partiee  hava  h>M. 
unto  eet  their  haiida  (knd  aaal.}.  "ATa  [wT 
BaecutaAiapraaancaj  '       CD.    [w!] 

en*  ^  ^-  ■••  •ir-»Pf'«y  of  the  Arit  part^ 

♦."Hlifi  ftL2!"j**^  •'  «••  «"«  pot  haa  agreed 

to,  and  hereby  doea  let,  and  tha  aald  nartv  oTthi 

SS'Sfiirf  •••••«'•«•  to.  aid  h^brdSa  take! 

ISd'SSfSSite.*'^  '**  '-"--^^^i^ 
And  tha  aald  party  of  tha  aacond  nart  hanhu 

dall!^^7L!SI*/i''*  •"»«'•«.'•"»  or  aum  olT— 1 
♦^/CJiJISrtr^^  ''^^'    ***  "^"  -W/^r-M 


dItiOB  _ 

permit. 

That  aald  party  of  tha  aecbnd  nart  ahan  iHia  mm. 
^,  M, ««  E^d&Iat  thl  vTSte^^^'^SS 
Si/lJF??L'**^'J>^'  "Mke  any  aftrnttoathanSa 
withotit tha  writtan  conaant  ar^thaiSSl  parSof 
tha  ftrat  paM,  nadar  tha  paaalty  Sr  forMCm^ 


■P 


••K««>*«*»IM«M»Bi»«S(fc«a« 


«w«»««£A<«iN«rmvj>«tt^ 


,!H3» 


CONVEYANCES. 


4amaf  M ;  that  hi  will  not  occupy  the  Mid  pram- 
Imc,  imt  permit  the  Mm*  tn  b«  occupied  for  any 
MaloaM  doomed  aitra-hasardouo  without  tho 
till*  conaont,  undor  tho  Uka  penalty. 

That  aald  party  of  the  aecood  part  ahall  permit 
the  eald  party  of  the  flrat  part,  or  hie  agent,  to 
ahow  the  pramleae  to  peraona  wtahlng  to  hire  or 

Sihaao,  and  three  monthe  neat  preceding  the 
ration  of  the  term  will  permit  the  uaual 
tea  of  "  to  tot,"  or  "  for  eaie,"  to  he  placed 
«poa  the  windewe,  walla,  or  dooro  of  aald  prem- 
iaeo,  and  remain  thereon  wir.haut  hindrance  or 
maloatatlon. 

That  If  default  be  made  In  any  of  thecovenante 
herein  eintalned  on  the  part  of  the  party  of  the 
■econd  part,  or  If  the  eala  premlaee  or  any  part 
thereof  ehall  become  vacant  duiing  the  aaid 
term,  the  aald  party  of  the  Ant  part  may  re-enter 
the  eame,  either  by  force  or  otnerwtee,  without 
tMIng  Uabto  to  any  proeecution  therefor,  and  re- 
let tnn  aald  premlaea  or  any  ^rt  thereof  In  one 
•r  more  parcele,  ae  the  agent  of  the  eald  party  of 
the  eecond  part,  and  recAve  the  rent  thereof,  ap- 
plying the  aame,  Aret  to  the  pajrment  of  euch 
•apeaae  aa  he  may  be  put  to  in  ro-entering,  and 
then  to  the  payment  or  tho  rent  due  by  thee* 
praaenta:  and  the  balance  (If  any)  to  bo  paid  over 
to  the  aald  party  c>f  tho  aocond  part ;  and.  In  caao 
•f  deflclency,  aald  party  of  tha  aocond  pert  will 
pay  the  aame. 

That  aald  party  of  tha  aeeond  part  hereby  fur- 
ther eovenanta  that  If  any  default  bo  made  In  tho 
Syment  of  the  aald  rant  or  any  part  thereof,  at 
»  timoa  above  apoelfled,  or  ir  default  be  made 
tlM  perfbrmaneo  of  any  of  thi  co^enanta  or 
•graementa  heroin  contained,  the  aaid  hiring, 
and  the  relation  of  landlord  and  tenant,  at  tha 
option  of  tho  aald  party  of  tha  flrat  part,  ahall 
wholly  ceaao  and  determine ;  and  tho  aaid  party 
of  the  flrat  part  ahall  and  may  re-enter  the  aald 

Eamieeo,  and  remove  all  peraona  therefrom  ( and 
e  eald  party  of  tho  eecond  part  hereby  eapreeely 
waive  tha  aervlco  of  any  notieo  In  writing  of  In- 
tention to  re-enter,  aa  provided  for  In  wo 

■oction  of  an  act  entitled  '.'An  act,"  etc.  (rteiiing 
Mo  mif  ^  tk*  tut).  Approved  (*r  Paiied ),  eM. 
Aad  It  la  fkirther  agreed  between  tho  r  artlaa  to 


taaaanroaonta,  that.  In  caao  tho  building  hereby 
teaaoa  ahall  bo  partially  damaaed  by  Hra.  tho 
•amo  ahall  bo  repaired  aa  apooduy  aa  poeoible  by 
tho  party  of  the  flrat  part;  wat.  In  caaa  tho  dam- 
•go  ehau  bo  ao  oatanelve  aa  to  render  the  building 
natemntablOr  the  rent  ^att  eeaae  until  the  aamo 
bo  repaired ;  provided  tho  damaga  ba  not  cauaed 
by  tha  careteeaneaa  or  negUgance  of  tha  party  of 
the  aeeond  part,  or  hla  ageoM  or  aorvanta. 

II  the  building  be  eo  damaged  that  the  owner 
•haU  daddo  Co  rabaild,tht  teem  ahall  eoaao,  tho 
premlaea  bo  aurronderod,  and  tho  Mcraad  rent  bo 
paiJ  np  to  tha  time  of  tho  fire. 

In  oomldaratlon  of  tho  letting  of  thajpromiaoB 
abovo-meatloiiad  to  tho  above  uaaed  C.  O..  and 
of  the  aum  of  eno  .dollar  to  him  paid  by  tlia  aaid 

pwt^irof  tha  flrat  part,  tho  aaid "" 

Mid  part  doaa  hereby  covenant  i 
with  tho  party  of  the  flrat  part 
and  hla  legal  rapreaantativoa,  that 


I  p«rty«ftho 
•M  agree  to  and 


•ad  part  doaa  hereby  covenant  _  . 

'  \  ahtrva-namod, 

tlTdofluiltaball 

at  any  tina  ba  mado  by  tha  aaid  party  of  the  aec- 
ood part  In  tho  payaaeatoftlM  rent  and  parfbrm- 
*f  the  coveaasta  ahova  cmMalnad  oa  hia 


part  to  be  paid  aad  perfomad.  that  ha  wtU  wall 
aad  truly  pay  tha  aaid  rent  or  aay  arreara  duro- 
af,  that  may  remaia  due  anto  tha  aald  par^  of 
tha  flrat  part  and  alao  all  dammoa  that  may  artaa 
la  eooaequaace  af  the  noB-pernrmaaca  w  aaid 
eovenaata.  or  either  of  tham,  wlthaot  reattiruig 
MOtlce  of  aay  auck  daCkuH  (kem  tha  aala  party 
of  tiMflfM  part. 
Wltaeaa  our  b*i)da  (aud  aeak)  thia day  of 

Kaacated  in  preeeaea  of  \  CO.   \~ 

(Sipiatur$  y  wanratar.)  J 


\Smi\ 


I  (agncmani.  coa"«yaace,,tadcn«aM,«r-)laaBo, 
aodenterad  lata  oa  the' ' 


*y«f— .bjr 


That  the  eald  party  of  the  flrat  part,  in  conald. 
erallon  of  the  rente  rcaerved,  and  the  covenant! 
hereinafter  contained,  doaa  hereby  leaae  unto  the 
eald  party  of  the  eecond  pert  Kiurt  dturiln  thi 
prtmtut). 

To  have  end  to  hold  the  eame,  with  all  tha 
righta,  Immunltlee,  prtvllegee  eud  appurtenancte 
thereto  belonging,  unto  the  eald  party  of  the  ric- 
ond  part,  ana  hie  eaecutore,  adminlatratora  and 
aecigne,  for  and  during  the  full  end  and  txrm  of 

,  commencing  on  the day  of  — — ,  and 

anding  on  the day  of ,  under  and  aubjcci 

to  the  etlpulationa  hereinafter  contained,  the  eald 
party  of  the  eecond  part  yielding  and  paying  to 
the  eaidfiarty  of  the  firet  part,  for  the  eald  prem- 

leee,  the  annual  rent  of dollara,  payable  In 

equal paymente,  *»  followe :  on  the — . 

during  eald  term  ;  which  rent  the  eald  party  of 
the'eeeood  part,  for  himeelf  and  h)e  eaccutora, 
adminlatratora  nod  aaelgna,  covananta  wall  and 
truly  to  pay,  at  the  timee  afbreeaid. 

And  the  eald  party  of  the  aeeond  part  covenante 
and  agreee  i 

That  if  the  rent  aforeeaid  ahould  at  any  time 
remain  due  and  unpaid,  the  aame  ehall  bear  Inter- 

•et  at  the  rate  of per  cent,  per  annum ,  l^om 

the  time  It  ao  becomee  due  until  paid. 

That  it  ahall  ba  lawful  for  the  aald  party  of  tha 
flrat  part,  and  thaae  having  freehold  eetate  In  tha 
premieee,  at  reaaonable  terma,  to  enter  into  and 
upon  the  eame,  to  eaamlne  the  condition  thereof; 

Tliat  the  aaid  party  of  the  aeeond  part  and  hie 
legal  r«preeentativei  ahall  and  will,  at  tho  aapira- 
tion  of  thia  leaae,  whether  by  limitation  or  for. 
feiture,  peaceably  yield  up  to  the  eald  party  of  the 
flret  part,  or  hie  Fcgal  repreeentatlvea,  tne  eald 
premlaee,  In  the  condition  received,  only  eacept- 
Ing  natural  wear  and  decay,  and  the  eflbcta  of 
flroi 

That  the  eald  party  of  the  eecond  part,  for  ard 
during  aH  the  time  that  he  or  any  one  etoe  In  hie 
name  ahall  hold  over  the  premleea  after  the  eapi- 
ration  of  thia  leaae.  In  either  of  eald  waya,  ahall 
and  will  pay  to  aaid  party  of  the  hrat  part  double 
the  rent  hereinbefore  reeerved ; 

That  any  failure  to  pay  the  rent  hereinbefore 
raaerved,  when  duo  And  within  —  day*  altar  a 
demand  of  the  aame.  ahall  produce  an  abaoluta 
forfeiture  of  thie  leaae.  If  eo  dcMrmlned  by  eaid 

Krty  of  the  flrat  part,  or  hla  legal  repreaanta- 
va; 

That  thie  leaae  ahall  not  be  aaaignad,  nor  tba 
aaid  premleea,  or  any  part  thereof,  uaderlett  with- 
out the  written  conaont  of  the  eald  party  of  the 
flrat  part,  or  hia  legal  rapreaantativea,  uadar  pen* 
alty  of  fotfeittiro; 

That  alt  repaira  of  a  temporary  aharaittar, 
deemed  neceeaary  by  aald  »iarty  of  tha  aaoond 
part,  ahaH  ba  maaa  at  hia  own  asoenaa,  with  the 
aonaant  of  the  aaU  party  of  tha  Araipwti  or  hla 
leml  repreaaatativea,  and  not  atharryiaa. 

Provided  alwaya,  that  if  the  aaid  party  •'  the 
eeoond  part,  ar  Bia  legal  rapreaantativea.  ahall 
lUl  to  pay  thaiaat  harmnhafera  raaerved,  far  the 
apaca  of  —  daya  after  tha  aaaM  ahaU  bava  be* 


ani  hatwaoa  A.  B. ,  of— -.  party  af  »•  feat  part, 
aad  C.  0.(  af.^n—f partirar  \an  aacoad  part,  wM- 


oama  4«w,  or  ahaU  lhi|  ta  porfatm  any  of  thaeov- 
aaaata  harainbefora  aaterad  iato  oa  ila  aad  their 
part,  thea  the  eald  party  af  the  flrat  fart  abaU  be 
at  Ubarty  to  dactara  thialMaa  forCalted,  h*  aarvlag 
a  written  aotlca  ts  that  aflbct  aa  tha  aald  party 
af  tha  aacaad  part,  ar  hla  legal  MpraaaataBvM, 
aad  to  ra.antar  upea  aad  tafie  paaaaaatoa  af  the 
damiaad  primiaea.fcaa  fnta  nny  claim  af  tha  lee- 
aee  or  any  ana  elaimlag  aadcr  aim ;  aad  aH  eo- 
tata  hatola  graatad  anall,  apon  aamca  ti  auch 
Botka,  iNthwMi  oaaae,  aad  aald  laaaar,  hiahaira. 
legal  rapraaaatatlvaa  or  aaeignai  ahall  be  fwth- 
with  aaUtted  ta  tho  pnaimalea  w  tba  demlead 
premlaea  wlthatit  aay  ftHthar  peacaedlag  ikt  law 
arethe«wlaa,>araaavarpnaaiiMnB  thetaat 
Aad  tha  aald  party  of  tha  flrat  party 


aad  agraaa  wHh  tha  aaid  pacty  of  the  aaaaod  part, 
aad  Ma  legal  rapnaaatativaa,  that,  tta  cavaaanta 
herola  caatalaad  heiag  fldthfaUy  piifcimed  by 
the  aaid  party  af  tha  aaeoad  part,  ha  ahaH  peace- 
ably haw  aad  oi^aytha  aaid  damiaad  preialaii, 
daring  the  term  aANraeaM,  wlthaat  hiadraaee  or 

,  lat«rrapVMkrtlMMidlwMr«r«B]r««lNvffliWfl< 


Uieni 


ty  of  th*  Mrat  ^rt,  In  eenatd' 
I  rtMrvad,  anii  th«  covananti 
•4ido««  h«r«by  ItaM  unto  th* 
■•eood  part  (««r«  tittcnit  ihi 

hold  tha  aama,  with  all  th* 
prtvlUgaa  and  appurtaoancti 
unto  tha  aald  party  of  tha  tic- 
■aaeutora,  admlnialratora  and 
ring  tha  full  and  and  l>«rai  of 
on  tha  —  day  of  — — ,  and 
day  of  — ,  undir  and  aubjtci 
liaralnaftar  contatnad,  tha  aald 
1  part  ylaldlng  and  paying  to 
la  flrat  part,  for  tha  aald  pram- 

nt  of dollara,  payabta  In 

a,  M  followa :  on  tna — 

which  rant  tha  aald  party  of 
'or  hlmaalf  and  hia  aaacutort, 
I  aaaigna,  covtnanta  wall  and 
tlmaa  aforaaald. 
y  of  tha  aacond  part  covananta 

aforaaald  ahould  at  any  tima 
paid,  tha  aama  ahall  boar  Intar- 
—  par  cant,  par  anaum,  nam 
maa  dua  until  paid, 
iwful  Isr  tha  aald  party  of  tha 
a  having  fraahoM  aatata  in  th* 
nabia  tarma,  to  antar  into  and 
isamina  tha  condition  tharaof ', 
rty  ^f  tha  aacond  part  and  hli 
at  ahall  and  will,  ot  tho  aiplra- 
wbathar  by  limitation  or  for. 
flald  up  to  tha  aald  party  of  tha 
tgal  rapraaanutlvaa,  tha  aald 
indltion  racalvad.  only  aieapt- 
ind  dacay.  and  tna  a0iMta  of 

rtv  of  tha  aacond  part,  for  ard 
that  ha  or  any  ono  alaa  In  hIa 
«r  tba  pramlaaa  aftar  tha  aspi- 
I.  In  altnar  of  aald  waya,  ahall 
a  party  of  tha  brat  pan  doubla 
tra  raaarvad ; 
I  to  pay  tha  rant  haralnbafera 

la  and  within daya  altar  a 

na.  ahall  produea  an  abaoluta 
aaaa,  If  ae  datamilnad  by  at " 
part,  or  hia  lagal  rapraiam 

ihall  not  ba  aaatgnad,  nor  tba 
ny  part  tbaraaf,  undarlalt  with- 
naant  of  the  aald  party  of  tba 
[al  rapraaantativaa,  tiMar  pan< 

•  of  a  taasporanr  ekamatar, 
by  aatd  t«rty  of  tha  aacond 
I  at  bla  own  amenaa.  with  tha 
I  party  of  tha  Irai  part,  or  hIa 
«a.  ana  «ot  othanr/laa. 
I,  that  If  tha  aatd  party  •'  th* 
la  lagal  rapraaaniailvar  -''-" 
:  harHBhafero  raaarvad, 

•ftar  tha  aaaia  ahall  h 

{■>}  t*  parfarm  aagr  of  thaaov- 
«  antarvd  into  on  Bla  aad  thair 
party  *r  tha  Arat  eart  ahaU  b* 
I  thlalaMO  forMtM,  bv  adrrlng 
I  that  aflwt  o«  tha  aaM  Mrty 
1,  or  hia  lagal  MpraaafltMtvoa, 
m  and  tabe  paaMaaioa  m  tb« 
tn»  IVam  nnyciaiai  •ftb*  laa- 


CONVEYANCES. 


Btattvo^  ahall 
■anra4,wrtha 
ahall  havaba. 


nnyciaiai  vf  the  laa- 

lafiing  WMier  kiai;  aatf  all  *»• 
i4  auill.  upon  aanrka  «f  aucb 
aaaa,  anA  aald  laaaor,  hi*  hairtr 
raa  ar  aaaigiw,  dwll  ba  fcrtb- 
IM  pBiiMariia  vr  tha  damlatd 


^asSttUs.^ 


aoyAntharHM 


law 


ty  of  tfit  >f«t  Mrty  covmi 
a  aaM  aacty  of  tha  iaaeod  port, 
■antatm^  that,  th«  a*vo«anta 


baiiis  kSilUty  po 

ha  aacond  part,  ho  i ^ 

ly  tha  aoM  dimlaad  araaalan, 
braaaid,  wHh— t  hMdfWMC  or 

Mid  Icgiw  w  dhy  #lhff  MUM* 


S«aeutad  In  ,.ra.anca  of  c  Jo!    [w| 

mldi'ti'r^Xy  of'!!rr"ht'J:*i*;:""'-  ->  '•— ■ 

of  tha  —_.  n»    "•y  •>'  - — ,  by  and  balwaan  A.  B 

i^%7rh:W:rt^%?s"ij:„^-^-:J-^" 

c.IM:i:!;'tf  ;h7c°oV.n'.n"t?'.T'  '"  •""«  "• 

«ribaaaafoli;w,%Sw,tM^;^",2r'r  "'•  •"- 

prlmuU'l^fh  \h.*'^'"'  "I!  '•'•'  •"••v.-daacrlbad 

•,  for,  during,  and  until  tha dav  «r      '  Si 

.IdVrft^^rf'thS'aVVrrh?"''  Pr«.'»  con. 
•Kid  by  th*  inld  olrr»??h!  i*'*.  P™n"»««  afore- 


3« 

"Th'aVi?  S' «-r'^  "«-'*h.t:nd^      ""• 


.for...ld.or  In  iny  oth«  way^K;;.irr,';  ?? 


--———-— lira       111      I 

:d'mrnrt?.^o''rr  ;iv  rr;  ^st^^t*^:'-^^^' 


to  ba  paUk  M  aSJ2iV/^„'7?^'5?^»«»«»C«»t 


..!■■"  TT*:— '  ""•■  »«rni  anaad,  and  ui*  aaia 

•piclAS,  (W  tta  D*JSS..'ir*5!Jf  *  •''«•  •'><»*• 
•ad  Sw  trt2i.'?ff2l?h^J'"»'*^  «»»•" 

te"5^.-«'«s2r^'Wrnt*^JS 


Biiacut*dinpr*a*ncaof  c.D."   [wj 

mI?a''tSr!!rs;;;rf!2!~i.':'''"n*'«'')  •••^. 

eltw  «#__  i_        '  °'  ^~>  b*tw**n  A,  B..  of  tha 

Sr'ThVi;;t'*2;;ra'Sr§''5»t?«-»-»L-;rw 

•feood  P«t.^iJSJth :      '  ' '  •*">'•'  «»" 

hatolnaRar  manuJSid  to  SI  fc?-f -•'.r«"'.'"'"«« 
by  tha  aaW™m*Sf  ti.^iii^i'^  P«rform*d 
acutora,  adiffnlatral^  iS^^LffS^' Y.^"*  •«• 

prlSilssTX  s.lJ'wi.'nSSi'rti'tr"'!^ 

party  of  tha  a^..,-^  !2.!Ii       jTt"»  into  th*  aald 
thT'u^bl  l^ClS*'  »•"?  "'>*"  »h* day  of  i_ 


^ 


'll 


ijfl 


I, 

k 


CONVEYANCES. 


That  Mid  party  of  th«  aacend  part  ahall  and 
will  pay,  or  cauaa  to  b«  pald.premptly,  aa  aoon 
aa  tha  aama  bacemaa  dua,  ail  aaaaaamanH  for 
watar-rtnu  lltal  may  b«  laviad  upon  aald  da* 
miMd  pramiaaa,  during  tht  centinuanca  of  thia 
Itaaa,  by  Ilia  board  of  waur  aommiaaionara  of  iha 

city  or ,  and  aava  tha  aatd  prtmlaaa  and  tha 

aafd  party  of  Iha  Urit  part  harmbaa  tharafrom. 

That  ha  will  kaap  aald  pramiaaa  In  a  ciaan  and 
haalthy  condition,  in  accordanca  with  tha  ordi 
nancaa  of  Iha  city  and  tha  diraction  of  tha  aawar- 
aaa  eemmltiionara. 

That  In  caaa  of  dalay  in  paymant  of  any  watar< 
rant  lavitd  upon  aaid  uramlaaa  during  aald  tarm, 
lo  pay  aaid  party  of  tha  Hrai  part,  aa  llauidatad 
damaaaa  for  aucn  braach  of  covanant,  douala  tha 
aum  or  auch  rant  ao  aaaaaaad  upon  aald  pramiaaa 
aa  aforaaaid. 

That  at  tha  aaplratien  of  tha  tima  in  Ihia  laaaa 
maniionad  ha  will  yiald  up  tha  aald  damlaad 
pramiaaa  to  tha  aald  party  of  tha  Aral  part  In  aa 
good  condition  aa  whaa  tha  aama  wara  antarad 
upon  by  tha  aald  party  of  Iha  aacand  Dart,  loaa  by 
Iri  or  inavlubia  accldant  and  ordinary  waar 
aacaptad. 

It  ia  furthar  agroad  Iw  tha  aald  party  of  tha  aa«- 
QOd  part,  that  naithar  ha  nor  hialagal  rapraaant> 
ativaa  will  undarlat  aald  pramiaaa,  or  any  part 
tharaof,  or  aaaign  thia  laaaa,  without  tha  writtan 
•aaant  of  aaid  party  of  tha  Aral  part  Aral  had 
•nd  obtainad  tharato. 

It  ta  aapraaaly  undaratood  and  agraad,  by  and 
batwaan  tha  partiaa  aferaaald  t 

That  if  tha  rant  abeva  raaarvad.  or  any  part 
tharaof,  ahaU  ba  bahind  or  unpaid  on  tha  4ay 
and  at  tha  placa  of  paymant  wharoon  tha  aama 
ought  to  ba  paid,  aa  afiaraaaid,  r,r  If  dafbult  ahall 
ba  mada  in  any  of  tha  cevananta  harain  con> 
Uinad,  to  IM  kapt  by  tha  aaid  party  of  tha  aaeood 
part,  or  hia  aaacutora,  admfnlatralora  and  aa< 
aigna.  It  nhall  and  mavba  lawful  for  tha  aaid  party 
oTtha  Aral  part,  or  hia  haira,  aaacutora,  adminia- 
tratera,  agani,  attornay,  or  aaaigna.  at  hia  or  thair 
alartt^,  to  daclara  aaid  tarm  andad.  and  tha  aald 
dan  iMd  pramiaaa,  or  any  part  tharaof,  althar  with 
or  without  vrocaaa  of  law,  to  ra<«ntar.  and  tha 
aald  party  of  tha  aacond  part,  or  any  othar  par- 
aon  or  paraona  occupying,  in  or  upon  tha  aama, 
to  aapal.  ramova,  and  put  out.  uafng  aueh  ferca 
aa  may  ba  naeaaaary  (n  ao  doing,  and  tha  aaid 
pramiaaa  again  to  rapeaaaaa  andTanJoy  aa  In  hia 
!f  *'!•'' "7*.?"*  ffftw  aatatai  and  ft  ahall  ba 
tha  duty  of  tha  aaid  party  of  tha  aacond  part,  hia 
aKaeutera.  adminlatratora  or  aaaigna,  to  ba  and 
appaar  at  tha  aaid  pUea  abeva  apaclAad  far  tha 
paymant  of  aaid  rant,  and  than  and  thara  tandar 
•■M  pay  tha  aama  aa  tha  a«ma  ahall  CiU  dua  f^m 
tima  to  tima,  aa  abova,  to  tha  aaid  party  of  tha 
•rat  part,  or  hi;  agant  or  aaaigna  i  or  in  hia  or 
lljaJr  abaanca,  If  tha  party  of  tha  aacond  part  or 
hia  lagal  rapraaanutivaa  ahall  oflbr  ta  pay  tha 
aama  than  and  thara,  auch  olbr  ahaU  pravrat  auch 
forfaltura. 

That  it  ahad  nat  tia  aaetaawy  In  any  avaat  for 
tha  party  of  tfia  Arat  part)  or  hia  aaaigna.  to  go  on 
or  naar  tha  aald  damlaad  pramlaarwdamantf  aald 
**£!'  *^  .*'**?''**'*  **>*"  •*  **■•  PiMa  aforaaaid. 

That  In  tha  avant  of  any  rant  baing  dua  and 
anpaid,  whatiiar  bafora  or  aftar  aueff^forfMtura 
daclarad,  to  dlatraln  for  any  rant  that  may  ba  due 
"*"!!?";  SP*"  •"'  5'*P«"J'  MIongJnji  to^ha  aald 
p^rty  of  tha  aaeond  part.  whatharl!ie  sama  }*« 
aaampt  firom  aaacutldn  or  dtatraoa  by  law  or  not. 
and  tha  Mid  party  of  tha  aacond  Mft,ln  that 
caM,  harabywaivM  all  lagal  righta  wMcK  fca  maw 
hava  to  hold  or  rataln  any  auah  proparty  nndM 
any  asamption  iawa  nam  In  forea  bi  tMa  Iti 
in  any  othar  way. 


■lata,  or 


That  it  la  Intandad  haraby  to  gi««  to  tha  aald 
party  of  tha  Arat  part,  and  fcia  haira,  uSeaSn, 
adminlatratora  ana  aaaigna.  a  valid  and  Arat  lian 

proparty  balonging  to  flia  aald  party  of  tha  ate- 
onrf part,  aa  aacttrfty  for  tha  paymanioT Mid  vont. 
l"i"!2?2fli!**»*^'*"y*'**n|  harainbafora  eon^ 
talnad  to  tha  conuary  notwlihatandlng. 

That  If  at  anv  tima  aaULtarm  ahall  ba  andad  at 
■wh  titctton  of  aaid  party  «r  tba  Ant  pwt,  or  bto 


hairt,  aaacutora,  adminlatratora,  or  aaaigna,  ai 
aforaMid,  or  in  anv  olhar  way,  Iha  aald  party  of 
tht  atcond  pari,  for  hlmMir  and  hia  aattulor*. 
adminitlralora,  and  atalgnt,  dota  htrtby  covf- 
nanl,  promlM  and  agrtt  to  aurrtndar  and  dtllvcr 
up  Mid  abova-dtacrlbad  pramlattand  proptrty, 
ptactably  to  tht  Mid  party  of  tha  Artrparl,  or 
hit  haira,  tatculora,  admlnlalralort,  and  aaalgnt, 
immtdiattiv  upon  tha  daurmlnalton  of  Mid  Itrm 
H  aforaaaid  i  and  if  ha  ahall  rtmain  In  tha  po»- 

MMion  of  tha  Mmt daya  afltr  nolica  of  tuch 

dtfault.  or  aftar  tha  Urmination  of  Ihia  ItaM,  In 
any  of  tha  wava  abova  namtd,  ha  ahall  ba  dMmcd 
guilty  of  a  forelbia  dtUinar  of  Mid  dtmlttd 
pramiaad  undar  Iha  alatuM,  and  ahall  bt  aubjtct 
toallthacendliionaand  provitlona  abova  namtd, 
and  to  aviction  and  removal,  forcibly  or  other- 
wiH,  with  or  without  procaM  of  law,  m  above 
ataltd  I  and  In  ordtr  to  anforca  a  forfaliurt  of 
thia  laaaa  for  non-paymant  of  rant  whtn  dua,  no 
dtmand  for  rant  whan  dua  ahall  ba  rtoulrad^  acy 
dtmand  batng  haraby  aapraMiy  waivtd. 

And  it  ia  fkirthar  covanantad  and  agrttd  by  and 
batwaan  tha  partiaa,  that  Iha  party  «f  tha  aacond 
part  ahall  pay  and  diacharga  alf  eoau  and  at- 
torna)''a  faaa  and  aapanMa  that  ahall  arlM  from 
anforcing  tha  covananu  of  thia  indtnturt  by  tht 
party  oflha  Arat  part. 

In  wIttttM  wharaof,  tha  Mid  partita  hava  htrt- 
unto  aat  thaIr  banda  and  Mala  tht  day  and  ytar 
Arat  abova  wrilian.  A.  B.    I.W/.l 

BaacuUd  in  prtMnca  of  C.  D.    [,Vh/.J 


Thia  (agrtcmcnl,  convtyanct,  iftdauurt.**-)  1mm, 

mada  thia  -—-day  of , batwaan  A.  B.,  of — 

•»««  by  A.  A.,  hia  attornay,  of  tha  ona  part,  ami 
^-.Sv'  •' L*'  "»?  *JMr  P"">  wif  naaMth : 

Y^!I?".'"*  ••'*  ^-  "-.bya  Mruio  wriUng. 
or  lattar  of  attpmav.  under  hia  hand  and  Mil, 

duly  aiacutad,  datad  tha  - —  day  of .  amongii 

othar  thinga  tharain  conuintd.  did  authorita  tht 
Mid  A.  A..  In  tha  nama  of  him.  tht  Mid  A.  B., 
and  on  hia  bahalf.  to  aaacuta  laaaM  of  auch  part 
ef  hia  tanda,  tanamanto,  and  haradlumantt,  in 
~,  M  by  tha  mM  a.  A.  ahould  ba  thought  At  to 

Now  thia  Indantura  witnaaaath : 

That  for  and  In  cenaidaration  of  tha  aum  of 

••*?  !!?•  tfl^'  ?•  !>?•*  ^  *•••  aaW  C  D.,  tht 

racalpt  of  which  to  hcrabyachnowladgad.  ha,  tht 

ff •*  *; Af  ^1  ••!?  •f'i  attornay,  doM  1mm  unio 
tha  aald  C.  D.  tha  fallowing  daMribad  pramian 
{ttruriHiit  Iknm). 

To  hava  and  to  held.  ate. 

Ytolding  and  paying,  ate. 

And  ti«a  eald  C.  D.  covananto  with  tha  aald  A. 
B.,  hia  haira.  ato..  to  nay  tha  rant,  ato. 

w.*"*.»*^*i  ¥f  *•  ■••  "y  ••••  •aW  attorney,  for 
hImMlf,  hia  haira,  ementora.  admlntotratora.  and 
aaaigM,  eovenanta  with  a*M  C.  D.,  eta. 
BM  CoMTaACTB.  OaaM,  anit 


»'!«  narte*  Sftf^  Oanm. 

Thto  [agnmaMt,  canveyaact,  indtniurt,  «r)  laaM, 

niada  tlito day  tj-^-,  batwMn  A.  k .  0^— , 

•'«»»•  •«•  part,  and  C.  Di,  of ,  of  the  otiMr 

part,  witnaaaath  • 

That  tha  Mid  A,  M.,  for  and  In  ««naMerii^oa 
of  the  eovananto  and  agrMmsnto,  hareiaafttr 
raaerved  and  contained,  on  tha  put  of  the  Mid 
S'  ^■<.^¥  •"•««*M%<  ete..  to  be  done  and  par- 
fermad^doM  laaaa  unto  the  aald C.  D.. hie estc^ 
utoia,  ate.,  all  that  plaea  or  pareat  9f  around,' 
^tuata  In-—,  eontalning  In  breadth  on  t&  nortii 
^de  thereof-—,  and  ia  depth  on  tha  eaat  aide 
*''.'!J?*?r~>  ^  *^  ••*•  ?»fa  V  •••a,  togethtr 

which  the  eald  C.  D.  ahaU  have  ftoU  liberty  to 
puU  down,  and  to  convert  to  hie  own  om,  which 
eaid  piaea  or  parcel  of  ground  nboto  north  on, 
aforMaidj  M8£  ate.,  andla  mora  fully  deHnMttd 
and  daaeribad  in  the  plan  or  grmind-plot  thareof, 
i?  &!  "taifji*  of  thaM  preeento.  together  with  all 
bulldlnga  to  bo  erMtad  thereon,  and  all  wayt, 
eneemento  and  appnrtonancM  whataoaver,  be- 
longing to  ths  aaid  premieM,  or  any  part  or  pac 
eei  inereoii 


idmlnlMralon,  or  aMliM,  •• 
t  olhar  way,  th«  tald  party  of 
>r  hlmaair,  and  hit  aaacHlork, 
d  aMlcna,  doaa  haraby  covc- 
aaraa  to  aurrandar  and  dallvtr 
:rTl>ad  pramlaaa  and  praparty, 
aid  party  of  tha  Arat  part,  or 
I.  admlniatratora,  and  aaalant, 
iha  datarmlnatlon  of  aald  tarm 
If  ha  ahall  ramain  In  tha  po»- 

I daya  aflar  notica  of  auch 

•  Mrmlnatlon  of  Ihia  laaaa,  In 
»va  namad,  ha  ahall  ba  daamtd 
la  datainar  of  aald  damlatd 
I  atatuta,  and  thai!  ba  aubjaci 
land  provuiona  abova  namad, 
d  rtmoval,  forcibly  or  othtr- 
out  precaaa  of  law,  aa  aboya 
ar  to  anforca  •  forfaliura  of 
aymaat  of  rant  whan  dua.  no 
kan  dua  ahall  ba  raoulrad^  any 
by  aaproaaly  walvad. 
sovanantad  and  anaad  by  and 
I,  that  tha  party  6?  tha  aacond 
I  diacharia  all  eoata  and  at- 
■panaaa  that  ahall  arlaa  from 
«oU  of  thia  Indantura  by  tha 
irt. 

of,  tha  aald  partiaa  hava  hara- 
la  and  aaala  Iha  day  and  yaar 
A.  B.    i.W/.l 
C.  D.    [>«/,] 


MOf 


-Mr  Attemrjr. 

oiivayaiicc,  indcnturt.ar)  h 

»f ,  batwaan  A.  B.,  of , 

ittomay,  of  tha  ona  part,  aod 
I  othar  part,  wltnaaaalh : 
i  A.  B..  by  a  aartain  writing, 
ly,  undar  hia  hand  and  aaal, 

I  tha  - —  day  of ,  aaiona it 

I  conuinad,  did  authorlaa  tha 
lama  of  him,  tha  aald  A.  B., 
>  aaacttta  laaaaa  of  auch  part 
lanta,  and  haradlumanta,  In 
K,  A.  ahouid  ba  thought  At  to 

ra  witnaaaath : 
wnaldaratlon  of  tha  aam  of 
I.  paid  bv  tha  aald  C  D.,  tha 
larabyaclinowladgad,  ha,  tha 
kid  attornay,  doaa  laaaa  unto 
snowing  daacrlbad  pramlaaa 

Id,  ate. 

»g,  ate. 

>.  covananta  with  tha  aald  A. 

,pay  tha  rant,  att. 

K.by  Ma  aald  attornay,  for 

raeutora.  ■dmlnlatratoia,  and 

)nthaaM&D.,ate. 

lAcra,  Daaea,  ania. 

tailMIr  f>IUMw«. 

fiu  l^t,)/ OamuM. 
Mvoyaaca.  indcniura,  ar)  laaaa, 

:  :r:i  *•*?'••»  ^  ■•••» -^. 

I  &  DJ,  cf  — ,  of  tha  ottMr 

B.,  ilar  and  in  «a«aidark^a 
aa.  •KroamsDta,  haralnafitr 
nad.  on  tha  part  of  tha  aald 
k,  ate.,  t»  ba  dona  and  par- 
into  tha  aald  C  D..  hia  a«ac.| 
,  placa  or  paraal  ^r  ground,' 
nine  hi  braadth  on  tha  north 
I  la  dayth  on  tha  aaat  aida 
•ama  mora  or  laaa,  togathtr 
to  asd  bttUdlafa  tharaon, 
y.  ahall  bava  IWI  Hbarto  to 
nvart  ts  hia  own  uaa.  Which 
of  ground  abuia  narth  on, 
•atfla  mora  Itetly  daHnaatad 
plan  or  grmind>plat  iharaof, 
m  praaanta,  togatbar  with  all 
itad  tharaon,  and  alt  ways, 
irtananaaa  whataoavar,  b«- 
ramiaaa,  or  any  part  or  par- 


s-^g*  fhV  &r.„*2'rd  t'  HF"»'"i^  -'x 

thine!  naat  anauing     "^  '""»  •'  —  '•"•  '">"« 

paymant.  "hit^Jj^'i^^J^iJ^ldTlmr-If'  '"'' 
Iha  aald  wramlaaa  or  •nVUi^.l.      '"'••"••^  upon 

what..aj:,.dX"h\^7n'tXi!:rcVoV:;.:d"?.*;i:* 

Th.t  Ml  Jo  ?I"S?-  *"■•  R«'*i«,  arc. 

»l  tha  ffrat  yiSr  of  tha  MlJ  !!.™*.'A*,  •«P''««'on 
own  propareoata  iUIi^i   """• "  ••'•  •"<»  "^alr 

lh«r  own  oroolr  SSff.  .!l'l  '^"''•>  "  hia  and 
•urtclintly  ?«5ir  ISlh^tirf  f!?5'l •••  **!"  ■"«• 
bulMlnca.  an/Tlii  ThJ  I''"  '"*  "••P  «*»a  aali* 

-ra.n;x,;„";f.o'blio*S;iJ2!'^"""*''  •*"*••  •»* 

ona  of  tha  pubMc  oftJo  hao.'fa?^i.Ir"iL!?"« 


CONVEYANCES, 


-a  mm  uian  rtmaindar  of  tha  aaU  <»>ri.  ..   ' 
ona  of  tha  pubUe  »«caa "apt  fb?MiiriISiS^"?! 

That  U,^  ^At  E^^t„  Ma«.  am  Ihv.„„„, 
crwlU,oit"Vo*"inteJ'^SSn^-'«"?i''"'' *»•"»«•» 

•nd  thingS  thanViSdVnl  ^Uf'i.f'T"  *«««"raa 
the aaidwamSa  wwi»f.S?l!SiVi" •««•  "P"" 
of  thaaaSsari^^Sif I??..**  *•  *•'* «  »•>•  and 
B    hl«l««li^SL*!'?*'^*'»«"^«'thaaaldA 

ofttn^l7i;Si^5^"5'«?j  ".Jho  twlea  or 

•nd  •■amlnetfia^TltateSSI  w^-Tll  **™'.  *«»  r^^ 

"id  pramlaaa^uJ  L^-*  I  T'"*"^"!*''' ••**'•« 

prnMaao^  and  to  rapair  and  amaMFtha  aama. 

•or  wWdSHSk  tSa  tjni!Sin;;iSiV***"  2»* 
•ny  Paraon  mrSmrm^nm^^^S  P*"***  or  augar 

•>iyiriiy^bSiis?i?5a,"i:2LP!?  *•«•'• 

offanalva.  or  nawte  (k.  .^  may  ta  aaoaaeua  or 

ThatJ^£*iX'SS5.l:sji-.,^^j 


3»i 

wKm.-l.ran'J^lut'o.v'""  *"'•  """"t  «»•• 
unto  tha  aald  A  B  hS  hJf ' "'  "J*-  «»  »>a  paid 
•aid  yta'irrant  o7ium  of    '  '"'*  ••»•«»•."«• 

.h.teuV„^g°?h?:.:s'l.r;'"'::r''wS;cH^" 

dutlaa,  orlmpoaltlonZ  h-  tkT'  VJ  X'"J'"  laaea. 

ra-yrrd£S'S^i«'--'--"'-^^^^ 

and  unpaid.  fVr^ha  S;i«!'*°'' •J""  •»*  '»«»>tnd 
mama,  In  Ihaaa  i»12!«« '  *'"«"♦'••«•  'nd  agrt«. 

algna,  to  ra-antar  Into  and  uSAih.iiVi"*  "j 
pramla»»,  oranvoart»ii.SL»/iI:.i?*  ****  'aaaad 

whola,  .,Jd"tha  Ja^SrtiVaySiii'i'n^^^^^ 
hia  and  thair  Arat  anS  rJ:.T!...    ".""  •"W.  ■•  In 
thanca  utlar  y  W  Vail  thJ'SX  r"A"l.?''^  '"»■" 
tora,  adrntaialratonj;  aa2taSl5nH°;/i'"/L  •»•«"- 

p,2:„\?aZ.v.i:x  •."iSHaiv'J'r^--  «••" 

harain  eonlaliad  on  iK  u!!^.'  •'"*'•  •»"*  'hlng 
That  aal7 c  n"^?!."'  O"'""-'.  ■«. 


p-n:ii;^:'r2S^/i~"wMT5^^ 

manea  tha  ~  dairJf^-fL'^.i:?"''  »».  «»•"- 

-i^7£uC-?^-SS=^^ 

^jOlvan  undar  «,  h«.d  {i„.d  -al).  ihla  —  day 

In^prManeo  of  ) 
O.  H.        / 


CONVtVANCHS. 


I.Oi* 


Xm  la  «•  uMify  thai  I,  ill,  undw«l,ii««l.  hav*. 

Pii  T*  *•'  "' •  •••  •"<•  r«in»d  ta  C.  b.  lh« 

Mlvwlnc   |»«ml»«a,   tiluala4     In   ~    i«   _ 
•aunty,  and  tiala  ef ,  «•  wh  ,  \j,JriUmr  ik. 

tk»Mr          «"»»n»«'r»p»a«l  uaa  and  accup;tlaa 
mim  iha day  of .  at  tha  rant  of  — - 

^2fm.«  if*?!;!"'  1^  ^'"^  ••  "»•»••  p""«««»«i 

!r^.T  ..!i  !h*  ""*  '?  "'•'"•"'»•»  aforaaaid.  aa- 
frlKi  a.!^ '"•  !"••"»•••  batama  unlananubia, 

Sl^-^  ^  ■."*'  *'••'  «»>«rao'  will  parmlt. 
damagaa  by  tha  alamanti  aaaaptad.    And  not  uaa 

!?Z^t  if^Liall-SL'i?  •••»•.  •««•!»«  with  tha  con. 
n.'int  or  Mid  landlord,  In  writlnc.  undar  Danaliw 

2id*'.J:'iraV.f  Jlf""«--  *"«rC  morC^'a'J 
S.  ^''*°**"  *"  **>*  paraonal  proparty  orwhai 
hlndaeavar  which  ha  Sail  at  any  tima  havt  an 

J^'toTr'TS*  'L^*:!'.*'  •T'*  '•y '-w  from  -°<I^ 

s:irs?.'X»»o"r! —• '-- wri 

hand.'*£'^'5ir:?LI:\^  •••""»«•  -«  Wa 

_^  Ttmomft  Ura/ttr  S»,Ht,  Ht. 

liJ2d'-Si*?.2I?&*'*»*  'l.^  uoaaralanad.  hava 

^:  ^.Tiir*,^::::) 'Mr- «?"?«y.  •»*  ■'•«•  or 


■•^,  ■iiiMiaa  in ,  m county. 

--.  to  wit  I  (tlnnit}^,  Ik*  /r,m,„'. 


j.iir-#  .ft.  5?*!^  ^F**  *•  ""•'»•  POhctual  pay. 
£^Ilr.fi*  ""*.*■  *$■  "wanar  afofaaald,  aacapt 

z^  r  aTsi.-n?rai!»nSH- 

2J;W  ••«  !»•««-•  to  in?  b«S^S.J*d.amJd 
SI  ^^  --!!.??*  from  tha  aaamption.  valuS: 

i~-r.'[5fa;s:?Sa*rtSj^r"  •'  -^  ■i-- ». 

Jn^piWliJ^A^D.'^r*  "*  -- 
eaa  varioua  clauaaa,  abova. 

iia«J2:;d*'-i;-''^'^*-^-*:'."' 

bo  daamad  a  tOMwt  from  yaar 

at  aaM  laiuuit  aatar  and  taka  nnManiim  .r 

•^J»w«aa  on nan  i      "**  ■"""■*•■  •' 

ThM  aitbar  party  may  aataraloa  Um  tamuMy  J 


larma 


-ffi 


.That  aald  tanant  atiafl  ao  out  af  tinaaiaili     •! 

ThTf'hVlr  ."/••'.•;■"'"•"•»  •'  K^* 

Thai  tha  rant  of  aald  pr amiaaa  ahall  ba .  dm 

--•J?"  •""»•'"•  P^¥»Mv  In  hair  vaarly  paymann 

Thai  tha  aald  u>tani  agraaa  to  cauaa  tha  fallati. 

iZ"  [•?fJf»  ••  ^  "nada-vlj .  atcTand  to  k«„ 

tha  bulldlnaa  In  Unantabia  repair  •  ^ 

That  aald  tanani  agraaa  to  baap  tha  aatM  .n^ 

.'r.;:r';riari^'?t^*r  --"f  ••^^^-.i! 
«J!M  Si  •dAn-fir  z  sria'-uav;,^ 

baan  leppad,  and  ihoaa  onTy  to  ba  uaadfa?  wk»  i 

That  aald  lanaat  nhal  not  mow  any  araaa  «. 
maadow  land  abova  onca  la  any  ana  Jiar  «yh!I 
lananey,  and  If  ha  braaha  up  any  old  mlTdow  o 
olw  paalura  land,  unlaaa  with  tha  aald  lMdl«d". 

yaariy  rant  or- —  dollara  for  avary  aero  ao  braktn 

y7ar'iL'riHit:j:"i"'y*~'«*«.^"«'»«ta^to^^^^^^ 
with  wh«'ft,'tl*'.- '  ••••^«»«  «•>»»<  P«rtthari«f 
w  ih  Xim^  •L.-''''f"  •"•  •»»^  H«Ml  third  p.,t 

r.jjitei.«^4*?;:r;,7is?^««-.  -•••"• 

tJtHV  •"'U»"«*  •»>«ll  not  ba  croppad  with  wheat 
twiM,  ,r  barlay  twica.  la  any'^flriod  of  thM. 

ra^'.'irS'.l*.'rj?"I  "••"  "!•  •»••  ««n«uma  on  lha 

That  «»/.!«^".'ir'.7"*'*  •■i"  «'•'»"»  tharaon  i 
I  nat  aald  tanant  ahall  uaa  and  apraad  duna  mni 
manura  ariaing  or  mada  on  tha  farm  taauCh 
mannat  ea  thai  avary  acre  In  ttlUwalf'thl  fa.™ 
aroraaald  may  ba  walfmanuwd  onj? In  WJth  « 
iiM     on  Ih.  btn,  uncoiwumad  ai  tha  cxpirailon  of  ilx 

That  aald  tanaat  ahall  kava  on  tha  prMiila.« 

:»tra':^'K:;«t';i.rrfs5't'3H.S 

r^m."l3j:r*^"«  *  "*•?•  •"  STftSl.  iSf  th"2 
ramalnlac  unoooaumad  j 

MmL  ;.u  .ST?-  tL  '•"^1  "^  ••  P»o««w  lh« 

aSHS^--"'-^W4:r2rte 

That  aald  tanaat  ahall  aot  iwdarla*  ar  aaaUit 
thapramlaaa  or  any  part  thafoarfaiSL^   ^ 

mJT.  .Ji  S^M*'*'?^  ••*"  •*  "oailaaiad  by  tavh 
pvty.  and  il  atlbar  aaglaci  lo  aoaUaau  hia  aiblinK  r 

f!'!^'^!!'''?  arMtnitora  ahaU  abata  iwwMKnc 
to  tfeo  baaaat  4arivad  by  lha  ImNwit  frMTMicK 
rapalra,  Immvamaata,  MdadSS«M.^!!d  Uka 


of  tho  taaancy, 
oataia. 
In  witnaaa  wharaof,  ate. 


they  may  bo 


at  the  aspiration 
banaiaiar  to  tha 


■nila  (•dramrBiTcMveyance.  lodaawrT*^  leaaa. 

inat  tna  eaid  A.  ■..  in  roa^daiaiiiiM  mttttm 

MM  G.  D.,  and  his  aartgaa,  alFlha  gMda  aod 


CONVEVANCES. 


"WW  fram   liM Jay  «/ 

•!»•«  go  mvn  of  MMMMlen  ti 
•t*imrnall«ii  ar  (to  term  i 

MM  prcmlMt  thall  k« dol 

MW*  In  •>•■' yMriv  p«ym<nti 
It-,  "Ithaiit  «t4u«llon  an  u- 
r  atMaamant  now  In  aalaunct 
m^MMl,  aacapi,  ate.,  which  i. 

•nl  •flraaa  to  aauaa  tha  rollow 

Maiabla  raoalr ;  ' 

mtF!^*?'**?  *."•  f  ••••  •"<< 
Jul*  "*      ""*'"«  '•"••' 

•hall  not  fciD  or  cut  any  oak 

<i—»M  auch  aa  hava  uauali. 
oaa  only  to  ba  uaa4  for  maki.  i 
incaa  la  Iha  aalata,  au. ; 

^hall  not  mow  any  graaa  oi 
•  onca  In  any  ana  yaar  af  hi* 
bjaafca  up  any  oM  maMow  o 
ilaaa  wlid  tha  aald  landlord  . 
I  than  ha  ahall  ftay  Iha  fkirlhit 
ollara  for  avary  aara  ao  broken 
ita  for  any  pan  af  an  acrt ; 
ay  crop  tha  arabla  UmI  In  ta<  h 
:  ona  aqiMl  third  part  tharto  f 
>y.  ana  othar  a^ual  third  pan 
dovar,  or  eaia.  ate,  and  th< 
t  to  lia  In  Callow  1  '"""'"• 
111  not  ba  croppa^  with  whtai 
'i«a.  In  any  pario4  of  thru 

hall  uaa  and  conauma  on  lh« 
iw  mad*  and  grown  iharton ; 
hall  uaa  and  apraad  dung  and 
mada  on  tha  term,  In  auch 
ryacrain  tillagaor'iKhim 
irmanaradenca  in  avary  thitt 
( excmi  thai  all  hay  ami  «h.Mi 
>Muiiwd  ai  lh«  txplnilon  of  ilx 
>wd  bv  Iha  landlord  or  luctird- 
•aiioaliy  two  iadiSmai  pctauAi, 
h  pan».)  "^ 

•hall  Uatro  M  iha  promlata, 
Ion,  not  only  all  Imi  aiid 
upon  «r  from  tha  pramlati. 
Mumad  tharaon  at  tiM  a«M- 
cy.  but  iilao  aU  duna  and 
MjJ«  on  ttM  farm.  m7  Ihf n 

^U  hMp  alMin,  by  wan  hoa- 
•I.  and  woadtofl  aU  tha  land 
•!?■••  M«»>  ••ovar,  ate. : 
wjll  andaavmr  to  pravaat  any 
ttia,  or  ahoM.  to  any  of  th» 
fMcaa,  MMl  to  ptaaorva  Ihi 
•oy  Wury  to  any  ttnbar  or 
«  auch  loppioga,  aa  bafor* 

Mil  not  croB  or  aow  any  or 
u^hanp,  ate. 
ball  Bot  iMdarlat  or  aoiign 
•ort  thatoof.  aacaat.  ate. 
M  quitting  tha  Krm  ahall 
•fy Jf^ponoatloo  fer  Im- 
*■•  V^.'J*  *'^  •rMlralari 
n  thall  ba  nowiaatad  by  each 
tact  to  ooainauUaatblirafr, 
Bilaaia  faoih  Mb>-raiora>  abali 
i*M*  ohaU  obata  oaoMdiiig 

».  Md  addlttooa,  mmd  ukt 
•w   br.  at   tha  aMBlmlon 
tha 


eontalnad  In  iha  achadala 


Airnliura 
n.traunto  annanad. 

oT-  •".•"•  —  •••''7'  -•■•»-  ^'ti^-V,l 

D  .f«  .-!?  ki  ■  ««"'«n«nu  thai  Iha  .aid  C, 
u,  ate,  and  hia  aaalgna,  ahall  aulallv  hold  >nd 
'njoy  lAa  l«..«|  pr.5,.,;,.  wliSou,  fh.  Uwfu1 
hmdranaa   oi  an,  p*,«,„   „,   p.rHin;  w'h,';;:;! 

.h^".l  *?•-!!'*  ''-  P-  •o»«nonu  ihai  ha  will  pay 

h!.?.^."''*^."  '"  "»«n»»«r  aforaaaldrdurmJ 

ir'u^l'ilKrThi.'-.a'"^"  "••  "•*■"  'h'.  S 

S;?3f  :f-  •T^«"«:d'!;"&-; 
E^-rKH-''*^"--^  a  'o 

t  22  2f  lut,T*  ••",■!;  •*  othar  aoonar  dalarmlnr 
houJliM*r*"^  *"'•  "•*•'•  «•••  ••»<«  gooda  and 

.«!^iS^     ora,  waar  and  taar  ariaing  rrom 
uX^ifUSH  •'."••  ••">•. -nd  loaa  ft 
ualty  af  lira,  alona  aacaplad. 
■■  wlinaaa,  ate. 

SVaiehiSllS- •?•..'."*  *«»«'"»»n«  from  Iha  lima 

t^i*:u^^\r:rs::  2id"',irr 'o*?  •"" 

.'••"£'"y  eo«fl.t.  ood  andad.  Md  tha  MW  r;« 

« I....  aiiall  racWi,  aXrthi7?ta*ir  «'fty  di'ir,"i 
P •.•nnuw.  far  tha  uaa  of  tha  gooda  •»!  houw- 

1.  K-    '"  *•  .•'•^'  •«•  rattinad  by  tha  aiOd  C  D 
I"  hIa  pooaaaaloo,  by  vlrtua  haraol.  *''  "• 

a.j  ,. .      •^••cuAau  o»  Goooa,  arc. 
•o»nar  datarmlaaiLsii.  .h—ir*  1.  .!"''f".H»'».o» 


M 


lalri^rh*  ?K^  ••  •'•''"  *"•  ohovadaacKbad  pram, 
laaa.  with  Iha  appuriananc,.,  unio  Iha  DarttT  af 


ih.      _  diy  ar  ^=17fai', 
da>  of ■  • 


from  tha  co*- 


«  ramgaa  of  i^aiii  ihlfdS^  2lS?SiJJlto„S 

fid».ii?:^':&t.surrSte^,;^ 

la  wltaOM.  att. 


..•-   VW1.VI1U   pari,   iro 

dueln,,  and  unlll  tha  „.  „,  _  „ 

iRat";T:ij'd"X'J\rr::i?ofn 

W/.-  ,  day  of  Ih.  mtilh:  Vt  (Cl   jMu'oc'Shlr 

.r?a"uUVorpSrd'!'ai?v:!:;arrr2rn2T.a'''' 

and  aaaaaamanfa  ih'aTmlJbl'ra'i",  j;,**,;]' «•««• 
'  nra'iVa-of-.ttattr  '""^'^^SSfar  1^^ 

fh'I'vif'K?*"^ 
K3i---ThV^^^^^^ 

anar,  and  Iha  amount  of  any  and  aU  auch^^ 

g-sirad-a-d-  'd.xr^v:£u^^Bi 

teud*  KTJK'l"'* -•••«•  l»rt"  Md  ma/hJ' ot 
laclad  lo  tha  aama  mannar,  by  diair.aa  mm'^XL 

Th-.  .1!"'^"'.  «""*  *»•  tharaon.         ""«"•» 

Man  upon  "oy  ai5  Jm  bulMl^ia  Md  lm'!i^:2 
mama  on  aal/pramioaa.  or  ihatmay  at  SS^vS^^ 

.^';i,5??'ad•;!!J.^.v.?o?is;:^^^^ 


[qranca.  iDdaMua,  ar)  laaaa, 
{• -r- <ay  of  — ,  batwaao 

"••of .witaaMoUi: 

>.  ia  itoaaldawtloa  of  tha 

eraWMd,  on  tka  part  of 

wfermad.  tea  laaMdto  tha 

Mlgaa,  att  tb«  gooda  and 


\^Si^V^f^£^«!^^  fcr  ami  U. 


haraby  damiaad ; 

That  whanavar,  and  aa  oflan  aa  aay  inataimaftt 
of  rant  or  any  oihar  amount  abovadaiddS  £1 
daamcd  and  takan  aa  rant,  ahall  bacoma  Su.  .^ 
ramain  unpaid  for  ona  iMTiAw  iSTlJfm! 'h£ 

pan,  hia  haira,  aaaeutora,  admlBlatratora  uant 
aiioroay,  or  aaaigaa,  may  mU  at  public  McufZii' 
tha  htgliaat  bidlar  farcwh,  a*sr  tawSIrgrSJ 
««:;••»•"  ,<«y«'  "otlca  of  tha'  WmtTaMfea  of 
!S'.K*^'*..'?.  ••"»•  oowapapar  laubUahadiT-l 

by  aVuT tiriJir  .hf  ^"*!?  ""*  Intaraat  acaulrad 
?/  If*  Mrty of  tho  aecond  part,  undar  thia  laua 
IfJ*'  •^••"^  •••"«»  4««crlb;d  "ad  aa  thVSt: 

fiudingcommlaalona  anntteraay-a  raa^!!u£ 
«•  •'•"•••'.tha  whola  amouMdu?  oa  iSdSS? 

•;«J|^P«rtjll.  balra  and  aaaigaa  ia  ai^to  iha 
^•.5!i**Aff't*2?».?' "!?•  «••  to  thia  laaaa 


-^WMJJW^  to  wMi  (4#r»  f^  iiurittUm  ^  ikt 


oanr  wear  aacaptMi.  —"•••iii  ana  orai- 

laaa  or  aay  Sm  tharaoToTaSLSI^thto  taSfS  "Si 
out  thawrlttaa  aaaant  of  aaUrRartv !?%■  am 
part,  flrat  bad  and  obtaiMd  ttwtSoafo  L^Lt!! 
•uflbr  tham  to  be  ua^nnaTw^'Ste^Sma 
t«  Uguro  tho  raputatlMi  of  Um  pcwaiSMor  oftC 


CONViVAMmi. 


iMltkk«r«i««4.  t  la  Impair  tlia  vahia  af  tM  awr- 
raun^lBg  iial«libaf haad  pt a^'ty  'ar  ffaaaal  Ma 
ar  atharwiaa. 

It  la  aaaraaaly  un4«c*«aa4  aiMl  aflraa4,  ky  aa4 
iMtwaaa  Ika  iMrtlaa  afaraaaM  i 

Thai  If  Ika  ram  alMva  raaarvarf,  ar  any  »ar« 
ihfaar.  akall  ba  baMa4  ar  ««|mM  a«  Ika  /av  af 
paymaat,  wkaraan  ika  aanta  aaabi  ta  ka  yaM,  aa 


oai 

•faraaaM,  ar  If  dafeall  akall  ka'inaita  iVaaV  vf 
th«  aavanaala  harala  taaialaad  la  ka  kaM  ky  Ilia 
•arty  mt  Ika  aa«an4  Mrl.  hia  •■aauiara,  a4i|ilal»- 
iraiara,  —  aaalf  aa.  it  akall  and  may  ka  lawAil  ter 
"" '"'  -  "—  Irai  aarl.  ar  kla  haira,  aaaaalar*. 

Til.  altaraay,  ar  aaMgaa.M  Ma 
4aalara  aaM  tarm  aMaii,  aM 


Ika  iMfiv  af  Ika  trai 
admlalalratara,! 

•r  ikair  al  ^llan, .,  ...„.  ^,.  „.,„  ««i^. .. 
mia  Ika  aaM  4aaihM4  aramlaaa,  ar  any  Bart  lilara- 
■«r,  alike*  wllk  m  wllkawt  praaaak  al  law,  la  ra- 
•ntar,  aad  ika  ^rly  af  Ika  aaaaatf  |Mrt,  ar  any 
alkar  paraaa  ar  paraanaeccupylng.la  ar  mmm  ika 
*»m;  la  •uf\,  ramava,  ami  ^l  ant,  Mina  tiMk 
rarM  aa  may  ka  aaaaaaary  In  aa  4a«ii|,  sM  Ika 
aald  pramlaaa  agala  ta  rayaaaaaa  m»*  i^f,  aa  al 
k^aar  Ikair  Ant  aa4  iMmar  aaiatai  aa4  ta  Hia- 


Irala 
any 


a  tor  any  rant  ikal  may  ka  it—  ifcaraan,  amin 
.  praparty  kalan«<«c  la  Ika  party  af  ika  aaaaiMI 
■art,  whaikar  Ika  aama  ka  aaamal  Aram  aaaait- 
UaM  aM  4lalraaa  ky  law  ar  nal  j  aM  ika  party  af 
Ika  aaaami  pan.  la  ikal  «aaa  Karaky  walvaa  aU 
Uaal  rigkia  wkick  ka  aaw  kaa,  ar  may  kava.  ta 
kaM  ar  ralala  any  aiiak  praparty  antfar  any 
aaampitan  lawa  naw  la  feraa  fa  ikia  ttata,  or  la 
aoy  Mka*  twayi 

Tkat  It  U  Inlaa4a«  karaby  la  glva  tka  parly  ar 
Ika  Aral  part,  kla  kaira,  taaautara.  atlmlnMraiara, 
agaai,  aliaroay,  ar  aaalcaa,  a  valM  aii4  ArM  Han, 
upon  any  and  all  Ika  laatfa,  ckallala,  «r  alkar 
praparty  kaloaclnfl  la  Hia  parly  aif  tka  aacaml 
part,  aa  aasiirliy  lar  Ika  aaymant  af 
maanar  alkraaaM,  oaytmng  b« 
talnad  ta  Ika  caatrary  oatwllkali .^ 

Tkat  If  at  any  lima  aatd  Mrm  akaN  ka  aa4a4  at 
aitak  alaaihra  a?  aaU  party  of  ika  Aral  part,  or  kla 
iliriatralora,  af  aot,  all 


aacaml 
■aM  rant,  la 


•a  aa4  pfoaarty,  oaaaaaMy,  ta 
'  <(*T*r  *'  ^*^  "i**  P*^'  ar  m  halra,  aaacniara, 
■»lalairati«ra,agaat,  attornay,  ar  aaatena,  Im^ 
madtataly  upoa  tka  dataratnattMi  af  aoH  tarwa. 

^.."^  •/  *•"  ••'*  ff^  *'  '•^  oaawt*  part,  or 
Ma  laml  raproaanuUvaa,  ahaU  raoMin-la  paaaaa- 
atan  of  «ka  aama  ena  4ay  aftar  noilaa  of  aiiak  4a- 
fkult,  ar  after  tka  MnalnaUan  af  iMa  laaao.  in  any 
•f  iha  waya  ak;va,nama4,  ka  ar  iSayiikMli  ka 


L'^'Vy  *  f^'Ma  4atkiaar  af  ika  pram- 
4aki^kaa«i4aettoalllkaoan4tliaaaan4 

proviaioiia  akfva  aa«a4.  a«4  la  avictta*  aa4  i*. 

moval,  ferolMy  ar  aikarwlaa.  tvltk  ar  wMhMt 

piflf—  •'  >•«'•  M  akava  atatad. 
Tkat  aaltkar  Ika  riskt  givan  in  tkia  laMa,  t« 

Mid  parlyof  Iha  ArM  pA,  la  aolloot  tka  rant 

that  may  bo  dua  Mftdar  tka  tonna  of 


injr  PfMoodinga  uodar  tka  aama,  akall  In 
any  way  a^t  tka  righl  of  aoid  party  of  tka  ArM 
•Ml  ta  aaclara  thia  loooa  void  MiStka  tarm  kora- 

moda  ky  aald  party  of  tka  atcond  oartT 

». J*f'.!***  *•**" •'!•* ¥^ 9*^  kotoby  wolvoa 
kia  riakt  le  any  aotica  tfm  aoid  pvfy  of  tko 
oaeoMl  port,  of  hia  ala«ita«  la  dotlara  tJUa  laaaa 
at  an  Md,  mdar  any  of  lla  proviaiona,  or  any  do- 

".■^  *"!L??J»?3^»  •'  «**».  •»  *•  pwiMtaa 
of  pramiaaa  laoaad  hatoin  j  kM  tlM  oimpia  fkat  of 
(ka  MO-MyiaMt  of  tko  (Mt  raaarvid^i«EM«- 
aWata  a  fordkta  aatrv  and  dotoinor  aa  afwnaald. 

That  aaid  party  of  iihaaaaand  port  akall  ■otro- 
mow*  any  iMtMInn  or  otkar  improvamanta  Aran 
a«ld  praoiiaaa  witkoat  wrltlan  cnnaart  of  aoM 
party  of  tko  Arat  part. 

That  tka  aoid  aacond  party  akall  pay  and  dio- 

•^•*>f  "tf  '?••  f  "*  •««r»n  •  '•«  an*  aapanaaa 
tbat.ihatl  orloa  ftoni  anfarclng  ttit  aovaoanla  of 
tkia  Indantma  by  Mm  piutf  of  tka  Aral  port. 

It  ia  tartka'  uadarMoad  and  agr^.-jd,  that  alt 
tbo  aonditioaa  and  coyananta  containad  In  tkia 
1  akan  ba  binding  upon  tka  kaira,  aaacatcn. 


admlnlalraiara.  aad  aoilgna  aflka  partiao  to  ihaaa 
pratanU  (••tk«cll««ty. 

I  a  wlir  laa  w  i<  ,^1,  iha  aal4  parllaa  ka«a  kar» 
■aia  aal  ikair  i  at  aad  Mala  Ika  4ay  an4  yaar 
ArMabava  wtlii.  A.  f.    ismt  \ 

■•t  n*' .  Malad ,  and  <l«M«ara4 1        C.  O.    Ijmti  J 

la  p>«*an€«  af  / 


l.or>a»  ■JW»>»w4wii>. 
■a*  v*aiuv«  CLAUMW,  •Immm 


•iiora. 


Tkia  (■■rawnmi    >..Hm«MK«,  ■--' --)  Itaia. 

mada  and  agrtad  aa,  ikta  4ay  a^  — -Tka- 

iwaaa  A.  ■.,  af  -— .  af  Ika  ana  part.  aa4  CO., 
of  — ,  of  Ika  alkar  pari,  wllaaoaalk  i 

Tkat  (ar  aa4  in  cena44arallaa  of  tko  praylaaa 
••<  M'o«"»«a»o  karaloaflar  manttanad,^  and 
whiak  an  tka  pari  and  kakalf  af  ika  tald  C.  O  . 
k«a  aaaanlara,  admlnlalraiar«,  aad  aaaiana,  ar*  to 
ka  dana  and  •artormad,ha,tka  ooMA.  i..4aaa 
laaaa,  a*i.,  uoia  ika  aoid  C.  D.,  kla  aaaamara.  a4- 
mlnlairawra,  an4  aaaigna.  all  ikal  raol  propanv 


WlHala  In  t.  (knnm  tf  Ikt  mmmt  ^ ),  now  (.r 

Uulv)  In  Ika  aaaupattan  af  B.  r.,  logatkar  with 
all  Ika  appnriananci  ■  wkaiaa-var,  to  Ika  aama 
kajanglng  ar  apparulnlng. 

Ta  bava  and  la  kaid  tka  aoid  pramiaaa,  karaky 
i*'a'^'  •''*•'  •*^  appyriaoanaaa.  uato  tka  aald 
C  O.,  kia  aoaautara.  admlnialraiora, and  aaaiana. 
t.°"2  K***  '*'  V  ****  ^**  haraof,  for  and  dorkng 
Ika  full  tarm  af naat  anaalng. 


aald 


VlaMIng  and  payliy  tkarafar  laMmthlv,  mi*naH*, 

yoriy),  aa  avary  Aral  day  of  — ,  'daring  tka 

lid  larm  uala  Ika  aaM  A.  K,  kia  kaira  ar  aoaigaa. 


■  raai  af 


-deliara. 


Sf^Tr."**".  N«>»-F»»"«"»  oa  AMKiHMiirr,  ore 
Thai  If  aaid  ranta,  ar  altkar  af  ikam,  •kaM  ka 
"."f***  ftl.  ••»•  iff"  •(  "waniy  daya  aa«t  aflar 
ailbar  of  Iha  aaid  daya  of  •avmont,  or  if  tko  aald 
C.  D.,  Mo  oaaantora,  or  odmlatairaiara,  akall  aa- 
alga  ovar  tkia  iadaatwra,  or  tka  pramiaaa  kara- 
bf  laaaod.or-«qrpart  tkoraof,  to  aay  paraon  ar 
paraona  wfcamaMyar,  wIAmi  tte  aonaint  of  Ika 
aoid  A.  a.  kia  kaira  or  aootoiiaTirM  kod  ami  ok- 


B.,  kia  katra  and  aaalgoa,  Inta  tko  i 
pramiaaa  karaky  laaaad.  ar  any  port  tkoraoTin  tka 
nama  of  tko  wkolo,  ta  ra-ontar  aaMi  to  kayo  agata, 
rapoaaaoo,  and  O^loy  tko  oamo,  aa  of  bfai  aiidBtair 
ArM  aad  fermor  aotau,  onyihtafl  koroin  ■aawtgid 
M  Iba  coMtrary  aotwitkotaading. 

Kirray— Uiaoa  may  to  Vitw,  wK. 
.J*««<*^  A.».,kto  asaaulara.oM..oraiiy  of 
thorn,  with  worbmon  or  otiMro,  or  i>'itho««.  twiao 

than  and  Mara  toiMd,  to  ghra  or  laavo  £5m 
or  warninf  in  wrtaiM.  of  And  upon  tho  aoid 
promtaoo,  io  aald  CO.,  Im  tho  Mpoirlag  and 
OHiMdlngMM  noma  within  tto  apnoa  M--!^ 
■aM  MIowing.  in  whiah  Mid  ■paaoor  lima,  oM., 
Mlar  fvaty  or  any  avah  notiaa  or  wamlM[,  ha, 


'•f!^  ••»<  •"•^  »h«  doftata  ami  wnntdfnp*. 
HMbra**a«tadL  *'^***'^  (aMoptmhSa- 


Qviav  Snmnmn^-CovanAnT  Voa. 

aald  C.  P. ,  Mo  onacatora,  OM. ,  I 
rant,  and  parCorming  and  V' 


TOaiNa.waaaMG.D.,MaoMicatwa,oM..pay- 
!^  *^  "ri ^.T^i-  •*»  porlkHnmlng  m2  Von. 

lng^a»ditog«lartkacwramMaan7agrao«MKi 
baroin  ooMMaad.  an  hia  and  thoir  pwf  to  hoM- . 
AIM  Md  kopt.  ■hall  and  moa  poncarth  and 


haraby   laaaid.  with    tho  an 


I  tkoirpnrt  tobi 
mow  poacaahh 
oytMoatd  prfii 


ovary  port  and  poraal 

tba  aaM  tara  «/ har^y  grantod,  wNboptony 

hindraaca.  Mojaotetion.  or  iMarrapdon  wImmo- 
ovar.  of  or  by  tho  aoM  A.  B.,  or  hhiWltn,  or  of,  w 


■al 
tka 


I 


CONVrVANCtl. 


tl  teJ 


IM  MM  H>'tt**  *••*•  har* 
kM  Mate  iba  ii«v  and  yaaf 

U<rara4  I 

I  <  kAU%ua,  kbaira, 
•— NaiM*. 

lU  —  4«|f  •»  -—Tw 

>r  iMa  •«•  yar*.  mmI  C.  D., 
>M,  witaaaMlh  i 
laMaraMaa  al  iIm  pta^laai 
rataaflar  aMaUaiia^,  aad 
I  kaliaff  af  Um  MM  fc.  A. 
«raMr«,  MM  aaataM.  ara  to 


M,  MiJUia  aaM  i , 

M  C.  D.,  kta  aaMtiMra,  ad- 
|M,  all  iImi  raal  pnp^ny 

f  Ikt  nmmn  ^ 1,  mmm  (•»• 

aa  *t  B.  r.,  logatbar  with 
wkataa-vaf ,  !•  Ika  Maia 
iliifl. 
tiM  aaM  frailaaa,  haraky 

JMtaoancM,  uaw  tlia  MM 
mlalatratara,  aa4l  aaatena, 
latM  karaaf ,  far  aa4  «arla« 
■t  anaalaf. 
tkarafor  lauMMhlv,  MiutaH*, 

n  4««  af ,  4iirtai  Uia 

I  A.  K,  kla  baira  ar  aaaUaa, 
Uara. 

aaar  oa  AvMowMtirr,  arc, 
V  alth«r  of  iham,  tfcaM  ka 
af  iwanty  «a|ra  aaat  aflar 
af  aavmaat,  ar  ll  Um  mM 
r  atfmlaiairatara,  ahaH  m- 
ira,  ar  tiM  iwambaa  hara- 
llMraaf,  ta  aay  aataaa  ar 
wMtaul  Um  aaaaiat  af  «Im 
r  aaalfaa,  IvM  Im4  aaii  ak- 

ka4  aaalgaa.  lata  tlM  aaM 
I,  ar  aay  part  tbaraaf  tai  tiM 
ra-aaiar  aa4  ta  hava  aiwla, 
«  aaaM,  aa  af  bla  au)l  Biair 
aaytMag  harain  aaataMM 


HAT  TO  Viaw,  ITC. 

aaMUtera,  ^M,,  ar  aajp  af 
V  athara,  ar  vlmaat,  «wIm 
ha  aaattaiMaaa  af  ttto4a- 
naa  la  tkateytlaM.  May 
Ma4  priiilaaa.  ar  aay  aart 
aiaM  aaSaMiiilttMiarSa 
ets,  aa4  waa*  ^  twairi, 
M  c^  ar  laava  iMJsa 


f.  af  M4  HfMNi  tiM  aaM 


a.,  wan  b.i_  .■i.i..,y  w 
tfaCMla  aiM  «raal  af  tapa- 
MafaraaaM  (aata^  at  kaia- 

i«i<— CovawAwr  Voa. 
>. .  Ma  aMc  ocara,  att. ,  aar- 
m4  parflMTOilac  aM  baaa- 
cavaaanta  aiM  acraaaMiMs 

Iaaa4  '""  " 

aa4  i_ 
d  a^)ay 


ItkairparftakaM-. 
ni«v  jMaaaabh  aa4 
•y  ma  aaM  prmiaM 


raby  «a«na4,  w  liliaiiifaBy 
I,  ar  uMarraMtaa  wiimi 
I.  B.,  ar  hta  kaba,  ar  ar,  ar 


.^y ,•*? T*^  r«»^  "^  fWMaa  whalaoavar.  law- 

ihaai  **  "  '*•'"'  •*  •■'•  •*  •"•"•'  •^ 

Qtrr-LaMa  «*«  (iira  |I«t««.  arc. 

TVi  .  •■^..•t.f  *^;  **  •  •»••  •aa««Wfa  ar  a4- 
mlalalralMa.  ahall  ba  4aalfa<ta  la  «ul«  a«4  Ua«« 


'^?^f '^  IWrawiaaa  al  lli.  .a^aiMa  .f  __  ,|  ,|„ 
I!!l«-I^J?  •'.  7"  ^•»?*)'  ■»aai«4,  aa4  ahall  tt«a 
no«  «a  la  w«Uln«  uiM««  hla  •«  ikatr  band*  \m* 

i**illi*    *"*     '"'•"•'•••  "•••  «•«  mM  C.  D. ,  tt 


"'*  '^J'?t~  ".r""'*^  bafarVibiTaread'tiitrr 
ar  Iba  aaM  —  larm  ar .  ibaa  aiM  vfih* 

|ranla4,  thafl  «aaM,  4alarailna,  aa4  ba  aiurly 


llaa  ., 

;iM  af  aaah 


larm  af ,  ibaa  aiM  v 

~  i\i-.z-:  -.  Iba  aaM  i»f  ai  af 

ftantad.  ibla  jaraMnl  laiMa, 


iranlai,  tbafl  «a 
MI4,  anytblnf  b« 
nalwlibalaa41nt. 


barain  aaalalaad  la  UM  aaairary 
la  wItaaM  wbarMf,  a«a 

f"«iaaii<itt~Cn«aHAi«T  to  Daa.nr«4. 

Jaiarmlaaiiaa  ar  ,hla  praMnl  4aaiia«|  aaM  iba 
^'"  *i.J?'  '']•  *•''•  •♦  aMtfoa,  abali  aa4  will 


Ram-— CoyawAiTT  to  Pat. 

it 
-".•.-i-jT"";"""""'  "^  ■■■■•■?•  •*aM  ana  win, 
waM  bM  irttly  aay,  ar  aaitaalaba  paM,  aato  «ba 
MM  A,  B. ,  bla  fcaira  aa4  aaaif  aa.  ilw  mM  Marly 


HBWT— ^..OVaHAMT  TO   rAT. 

haira,  aiMatara,  adoilalalraMn,  aiM   aaalana. 
<a«aaaai  aa4  a«rM  ibai  ba  (taij  C  Ti  ;.  btaMM- 


af  aa4  «ba  Iraa  lalanl  m4  mMnIng  af  ibaM  araa- 
•nta  (McaM  iha  pr«miMNi  .ir  toma  |wn  ilMnuf,  thatl 
MMN  to  l«  dOTirayM  or  iki«<t«i  by  r«M<Mt  of  im. 
■faMaUacaiHiaky) 

...  >B»A|«.-CoTaaAI»T  TO. 

jiniilSl'J^''"  •"•  *^'  "^  C.  a.  b*i  aiMula^, 
■"f..*^'  ••  "»•.  «*•«'.  •»  aama  af  tbair  arapar 
"•«?•  ^SJ^ftw  !««irtBf  Iba  MM  larm,  waU  aa4 

parattoaa  vrbaiaaavar,  aad  ibai.  m  aftoa  aa  aaaS 
j;y;2J«JrtM«l  ta^alta.  .J^UUSbTilliaS 

•^  ..w     ^Taiiw    I  awaa  to  ^at 

TIM  ha.  Iba  aaM  C  D. ,  Ma  aaMatara,  a«a. ,  abaU 

TUa  (acmaMM,  oearayanM,  la^Mtata,  #r)  lasaa. 

part^MMC  6.,  af .  af  tka  atbar  part.wlt. 

ThMjMT  aa«  la  aaaaMaratlaa  af  iha  aaaai 
baraiaaftar  r«aarwa4  aiii 


aa« 


"MMiMHaatt {.J _  M««U<M*THtiraB VSkSt 


htmty  waadaw, 

iriaM,lyla|MM 
1,  orAifm> 


VAKIOUS  CiXmMB. 


tuxom  **9jSM<^rfrc^^Vur  Lakh  Ub 
Tbal  ha, 


adiinlatrabwra. 


Ivaav  Tnmo  Ya**,  ate. 
i^tha  aaM  C  IK,  Ma'halra,  aa< 

•lM«,8raail(n    ^>h«B«M,Mr 


iMulara, 


aay  llaia  4>«rln«  Ihto  araaaat 
aMva  Iwa  iraar*  lacalbar,  an 
an4  alaaaa  baraby  laaaatl.  b< 


traa  •« 

ar.aAir  al  Ikaafaklal 


_    — .'~T :~:''  —  '-"-■••-»■»  laaaa 

,™—  baraby  laaaatl.  but  a»«y  third  «aac 

parmtt  iha  aama  la  Ha  (allaw  and  unaown 

And  thai  II  ahall  ba  lawful  for  ih«  aald  C    O 
hla  haua  and   aaalgna,   »(th   aariranla.  and    iha* 
na«aaaa>y  malatial*.  al  day  naai  fira«adln« 

tha  aaylrallaa  af  ihla  |iraaanl  laaaa.  la  .nia,  up«n 
•u«h  anckMMra  and  graunda.  baing  a  pan  ol  iba 


—  -._.     ^,.^„    a,,w   wn^  «vniv.n    «nfl 

yard  m  yarda,  and  a*  Iha  aama  >lma  to  hava  iha 
dung  in  Iha  hanhauaa,  and  alao  la  hava  aama 
aanvanlani  plaaa  teir  iha  ladglag  al  Ibair  aarvania 
and  callla.  wllhe.i  aallngm^Kmaai  ,1  any  oltha 
yaaely  rant  hafalnbalata  ra«it»ad,  and  without 
Clba  Miil?      ■  '"'  •"^•"««  •'  MIUIa«iM.n 

HAaaHiHiH  .tMD  RaunatiuuM 
Ta  ba»a  and  la  haM  Ihr  mM  pt amtaM.  with 
Ihalr  appttrtananaaa  (a.c.|M  ..   \Zi„„  TulZX 
iinlalhaMM6.D..bUa«M*il„,a..dmini.„j,;„; 

and  daring  Iba  lull  larm  af  — -  yaara  naal  aaaM- 

..H  .  '"■  •"*  •»•»•"•  'htralof  yaarly,  during  Iba 
MM  larm.  unia  iVa  mM  A.  ■'  hla  haira  «S  U- 

algna.  Iha  yaarly  rant  ar  aum  0/ ,  on  Iba  Aral 

gay  mt ,  la  avary  ymr  during  iha  mM  Uria. 

-1?*^  "f!*^'.  ***  ■*»'  **  '•*'"'  HI  and  hr  Iha 
m«-5'.-ir  •■••'•»^.  •»«  .  I^rfarmlng  ibl 
?it'22f"**  •"l.HI'aaaia-.u,  baratnbalara  maa- 
llaaa<  paacaably  and  ^ulally,  10  hoM  and  anlay 
all  aad  alagular  iha  aaM  p7amlMa,  with  iha  mk 
partaaaacM.  during  tba  i^ld  larm  af  ---^IK 

fc^XWi^'S-M-'A-y  .r.'-b-:rrr  :£•:: 

OuiT  l»aaaBma»-AT  tmi  End  or  TNa  Taaii 

*•,L:^'^^:!'l!^«•»  •'  ••"•'  •?•"•'  -iUr 


miaallaa  af  ibla^rWaoi  toaiV  mMc'.'o.TIS' 
aaM  pramtoaa,  aia.,  uala  iba  aal^ 


win  yiaM  up  »..™  ,,..mwi 
A.  ■.,  hla  haira  ar  aaalgaa. 


JK --StJ*^'  '1?*  ••wand  af  iha  Mma  mada  by 

allL^fTiJfSM  .J'J^'J:^^  pcamtoaa  al  tha  aa- 
•"••d  "  •»•  •«•  C.  D.,  hla  aiMulara,  au. 

«JJ!!1    -•_?•  H'*  ^  •*.:•  ^'•  •aacutara,  adiaiaia- 

£^sL:::t  ens:  !f!ff -.if  '^f^.-..  *•••  -S 


•nflM 

ui:]!™:!  raj;:'  rss-x^TaraaTir-™ 

!«»*?*  ^«»«AS^  P»amlaaa  at  t&  ehi^Vr  thS 
gjjdC.  D.,  hte  ••aaatara.adailBiatraiSfi,^  M. 

-..        .     SrnAwr— Not  to  Bvmm.  arc. 
.J??li''*Jf»*  ^'•J'j"*  •"••"tora,  admlBlaIra- 

ss5;i-1hTl2yi:?.*J;?A'  :j  'M'&tr'm-'jS? 


.ajwaptlt 
aad  thaU 


_^  Taxi*— To  Pat. 

That  Im.  tha  aaM  &0.,  Ma  a* 


•aMMat8.adktoi» 


CONVIYANCI& 


m»*»tm  AiM  Mate M,  tkcll  »m4  win.  ai  at  all  tlMM 
4utlna  III*  M«4  l««m  «*  y«a>«  ll«f«by  Uaaarf.  f«y 
an4  4U«haia«  all  •it«»i  «•••«  an<l  aMaaamani*  •• 
tkall  ka  l««i«<l  ar  aaaaaaaJ  u^a  kka  aaM  Mara- 
taaa.  IM  laiul  laa  anly  aa<apia4. 

Tiwaaa  I.n<  aprifM  tii*,  arr 
■•«ap4,  an4  alwaya  raaatva4,aul  af  Ihia  araa- 
aal  laaaa  unia  <ha  aal<l  A  ■. ,  hla  ha4ra  ani  aa- 
aifna.  all  llmkar  an4  llmlMtlllia  itaaa,  an4  all 
•«na<  iraaa  whataaavar.  bxl  thf  ttuit  Iraaa  far 
Ihatr  hull  anly,  and  Iha  avllarvj  iraaa  far  Ihalr 
l«^  and  lapa  anly,  whlah  naw  ara,  ar  al  any 
lima  ar  ilmaa  haraaftar  ahall  ba  atandlnf  and 
f  rawinf  In  and  upan  Iha  aatd  ixamlaaa.  a*  any 
ran  iharaaf.  wllk  fraa  llkarly  of  Ingraaa  and 
af  rtaa  la  and  ftt  Iha  aald  A.  B. ,  Hm  haiia  and  aa- 
•igna,  aatvanla  and  warkman,  tram  lima  lo  lima, 
and  al  all  llmaa  during  iKa  larm  haraky  laaiad, 
Iha  aama  la  cul  dawn  and  carry  away.  In  and 
Itiraugh  Iha  aaM  laaaad  itramlaaa,  at  any  fat! 
Iharaaf  I •I'ling  mxirilAil  hurl  or  <lama(|alull)aii»ln*nd 
(fax  of  ih«  Mid  ('    II  .  ki>  «aa<i.l<>r«.  admliiUiiai' 


■•Ml  aMigm),  at  all  llmaa  darlag  Iha  larm  haraby 
laaaad,  and  IVaa  Hharly  la  aniarlnla  and  uaan  Iha 
•aid  framlaaa.  and  a»ar»  |Nirl  iharaaf,  la  vlaw 
<ha  aandlllan  ml  Iha  rapaira  tharaof. 


TiMaaa  to  llir*ia   fAaMiNn 
Al 


UraN»iL*~l.««4rMl  Tn 


And  alaa  ahall  and  will,  fram  lima  la  lima,  dur- 
ing ihia  praaant  laaaa,  allaw  unia  iha  aatd  C,  D. , 
Mi,  ate.,  limhar  lu  Im  had  and  lahan  affaad  tnm 
Iha  aald  pcamiaaa  (if  any  *ihIi  ih«ra  ha),  Air  aaaaa- 
•ary  rapato  af  all  fhrming  utanatla.  la  iia  Mad  and 
•pant  UMn  Iha  aald  prtmlaaa.  and  nattlaawhara. 
and  la  fea  aat  aul  far  thai  prntftm  by  llta  aald  A. 

,  hla  hall  a  ar  aaalgna,  aa  aaah  aatiaa  aaaHira- 

id  af  Uia  want  Iharaaf. 

Tsana—NoT  to  t/i»,  art:. 
Tkal  Iha  <i«ld  C.  D-,  hla  aaaculara,  aia.,  ahall 
aat.  nar  will  al  any  lima  during  tha  larm  harabv 
liaaad,  lap  ar  cul  anv  f  tha  Iraaa  ar  apring  waad 
balanging  la  iha  aald  i.ramlaaa,  bat  itMh  aallard 
trtaa  and  spring  wood  aa  hava  baan  baually 
IJW^  •"*  I"'  »»  farmar  aM  alhar  tananta,  ani 
'^*1?  **^  *>'  '<»alva  yaara'  arawth,  and  Iha  aama 

•  ImN  aat  ba  aoM  ar  diaaaaai  af  In  try  atkar  way 
talMtaaavar.  and  aball  aat  aar  will,  al  any  lima 

•  V  llmaa  dunng  tbia  laaaa.  inardlnataly  barn  ar 
•»Mta  aay  « i  tha  trawaad  wblah  ta  aa  iillawad, 

•  «4  ahall  k«a9  tha  aald  patlard  tr«*>  aa  alaa  »)< 
I na  f^ult  tf*t»  aad  apring  wa«4,nrem  all  wHAil  ar 
lagllgaat  hurt  ar  waata. 

Tnla  ((gmaMM,  convay».Ka,  Indamura,  «r)  laMM, 

mada  tbS daf  af  — -.  batwaag  A.  ii. ,  af  — 

tf  Iha  ana  part,  aa4  C.  I).,ef .af  tha  athar 

r«rt.  witnaaaathi 

That,  la  aaaaidaratla*  ft  <ka  rant  aiUI  aaaa- 
ranta,  karaiMftar  raaarvad  aii4  aanulaad  aa  Iba 
t*n  af  aald  C.  D.,  hla  aaaautara,  admlalatraMra, 

'  ".^.  !rtl"^«**!l  *^*  *  ■•  **—  ^•9*'  ••»•  «*• 
Mil  C.  p.,  all  thai  parcel  of  gravid attttata  an 

*i^S**'w'Tlf ' ••'•i»«  •».•««•.•♦•..  ttftthar 

wrtth  tha  bttUdlnca  aractad  tbaraMi, bt<«cUia — 

wMah  aald  pramltaa.  with  Iha  dtmaaaiaaa  and 
abattala  tharaaf,  ara  Partlaalarbr  daaarlbad  In  iha 
greund  plat  Iharaaf,  drawn  la  ifta  I 
(ogathar  with  all  Iha   prii 
tmaeaa  ta  tha  aatd  (  

tc  1 

Ti  nava  and  tn  held  Uia  aald  pramleaa  «nut  tha 
■aid  C.  D-.hla  a>a<ulora,ata.,ir8«  Iha  — -af  day 
—  laat.  for  tha  tara  af  —  ftf,  thaaaa  nasi 
anatilM : 

YiaMRn*  and  pavliig  tharalbr  jraarly,  dwtag  tha 
aatd  tarm,  unta  tha  aald  A.  •-,  hla  iMira,  db—m- 
tort,  ate.,  tha  raniaf —  tfaliara.byaaiMU  auar- 

tarly  naymanta.  on  Iha day  of—,  a«a.,  tta., 

I«  avary  yaar,  without  any  dadintlaa  whaiaaa»af 
Mr  taaao,  aaaaaamania,  ata. 

VARIOUS  cLAimn. 

Aiaioia— Not  to.  Witn'jvt  Oivina  Kfmca. 
Th«t  tha  aald  C.  D.,  hla  aaaaulora,  ate,  will 
nataaalga  tha  aald  pramiaaa  ar  aay  part  tharaof, 
tertlMaaM  \8t»,  wlthMt givtag  MW*  lii  writ- 


IvUagaa  i 


M  Margia  haraof : 
m  aad 


nglag 


appurta- 
|la»..pi. 


tNtwItbta  te«r«aM  i^r-  <iM<l  aaal, ta  Iba  *aid 
A  •- .  hla  aaa«ttMr«.  ala  .  and  wlH  nal,  daring  ikt 
laai  aaoan  yaara  af  Iha  aald  larm,  aaaign  ar  maka 
avar  Iha  aald  oramMaa,  ar  any  ft*  Iharaaf.  U, 
all  ar  any  part  af  iha  raaldua  af  tha  aald  larm 
wlihou*  tha  aonaant  la  wriuag  af  iha  aatd  A.  g  , 
hla  aaaaulara.  ata. 

l>n*iiM,  Pam  aa.  P«bt»  Wail*.  «••  gawaaa,  an  , 
•  II     -  111  I  oNiatatiTa  ft> 
Thai  aald  C   U.  will,  during  iha  aald  iar«i,  «aa. 
tribuia  a  raaaaaabia  prapariJoa  lawarda  tha  aa 

Knaa  af  mabtag,f  apitrlAg  aM  alaaaalngall  aarir 
d  tenaa  waOa,  aawara,  dralaa,  walJi.auraa*. 
waya  and  a«har  aaaamanla,  uaad  ar  i^  b*  ut-  I  m 
aamman,  by  Iha  aaaimlar  af  Iha  aald  praauaaa, 
and  Iha  onaupiara  af  ika  a4ia«aing  pramia*.  ka. 
langing  la  Iha  aaM  A   •.   ""^^""^  ''  "^ 

riKHH  Hoiaa    l.aaaaa  C(«v«n«irr«  to,  arc. 

Thai  aald  C.  0..hto aaaaulara, admlnlatrani.i. 

Ntr  aaalg  na,  will  at  hla  ar  Ihalr  awa  aapanaa .  ba  !><. . 

ha   — ~  davaf — aaal,  Anlah  aad  maha  Ai  i,„ 

r  abiiailan  «a  aald  taaamania,  with  tha  appuri* 

nanaaa,  M  Iha  appraballan  af  iba  tald  ATi,  hu 

halra.  aaaaulara.  ala. .  ar  hla  ar  Ihalr  aarv* 

Thai  aald  C.  ti  will  pa«a  a  faMway  In  fi 

Iha  aald  <  walling,  wlih  a  aiona  aurb,  ata., 

tnauat  -  l.aaaaa  Wiit,  arr. 
Thai  aald  C-  D.  will  %lhwlth  Inaura  Iha  bviM 
inga  araatad  and  haraafW  la  ba  arafiad  an  ih< 
lund  haraby  damMa^.ja  < 

Iha  — 


graund  haraby  damlaa^  ja  «ba  Ml  wUaa  Iharaaf. 


inauraaaa  alftaa,  ata.,  and  baap  ih 

..     ...       "•••yk«l"kiifM4uHng  Iha  aald  larm 

and  will,  u^n  ra^uaai  of  tha  kfld  A.  B.,  hla  «. 


aama  aaailnuaily  aa  inauraii  during  Iba  tald  larm ; 

R  rMuaai  or  tha  aald 
•cutorc.at«.,  aha«k  iha  rfaaip*  hr  tha  pramlun. 


paid  fbr  a«tah  Inauraaaa,  fcr  avary  aurraai  yaar 
P»i"T— l.«aaa  to.  ne. 
Thai  Iha  aald  C.  D.,  hla  aaaaulara,  ale. .  < 
awaiy  fcMfth  y««r  af  tha  aald  larm.  palnv 
aulaidavf     4  >.<irfe  and  Iran  worii  bal'    l 
tha  aald  i>ranrii«aa,  with  Iwa  aoat*  of 
aalarf ,  In  a  werhaMnllba  Mannar. 

Kaar  I'niHf 
aaaaafan  <>  ■ 

J, .waNandaum. 

nilninln  an4  baap  Iha  anid  pram. 


Raraia— Laaaaa  to  R 
Thai  tald  C.  t>.  wM.  aa  < 
during  Iha  anM  taraa,  waN 
nilninln  an4  baap  Iha  ai 
apaurtananaaa.  In  auab  gao4  in4 
pair  ia  la  attaaaary  Itr  tta aaaupo 
nt  mab-r<>nt. 

RtMia^- Tnat  Laiaon  mat  r«r«aToIa 

•■  W  A.  B. .  hla  aaaamar*.  ■  ,  at  all  aaMaaabia 
Mmaa.  durtna  avck  tarm,  ...y  a  itar  ttia  aald 
pniMtea^ani  taha  a  aatuulul*  of  tha  ■«>*  •«- 


,  lapair, 
with  Iha 
•laollal  ra. 
af  a  lanant 


RaaoiM,  Rarain.  arc.,  in  Cami  <•»  riaa,  LaMt* 
will.,  arc. 

That  aaM  C  p.  will.  »m  ofian  aa  tha  btiildinia 
•l^Urt?  ffbrtatfnn  Iha  gre  ^d  haraby  damlaad 
ahaU  ba  burnt  4m^n  «w  da»  .gad  by  hn,  forih- 
witk  ralnatoia  iIm  aama  und.<  t^  diracttan  af  iha 
aiirvapOT  af  IIm  ».,;.*  * .  3.,  hla  aaaautora,  a|c. 

TkntM  abaJI  ba  lawfVil  (ar  tha  aald  A.  B.  hla 
aaaaulara,  ai«., at  aMaaaaannMa  llmaa  during  iha 
•aid  tarm,  «>  antar  th«  aald  pramiawi,  tataha 
pkana  aad  axamlna  tha  uindMaa  thar««f ; 

That  all  wania  of  rapacation.  wblah  upaw  attah 
viawaakaUba  r.iunrf,  and  «M  tha  kmaniimant  af 
wi>i«h  uaHaa  la  wrulog  (haU  b«  >«(l  nl  iMaaid 
*".•!!*.'••&*•  •••^  ^-  "•.hlaa»».'«tn«ikata.,w|il 
wi^ln  ttraa  aalandar  mnntha  Km  nRar 
auah  natlaa.  wttt  and  aniiaioniiy  r«|i 


avaiy 


altar  «r  laWa  any  of  tha  wteeipa! 
or  wH^mH  tbo^anM  pramiaaa,  aor 
tta  aaM  pMWriiaa.  or  any  nnrt 


afcnttnal  any 

lh«gro'"»d 
b*  lona  an; 


I.  D;,  Ma  anaaittora,  ata.,  t*M  nal 

'         ■     ■    ■  «t9ihm,raafk, 

uaa  ar  naawpy 

>.  or  anr  nnrt    )««ranfi  Mr  any 

rntHk  wHitag of  tta aA  A.  B., 

.MfbgrknUiiiig  nr  nttartrlaa 

I  balnngltg  in  MvtaUihM  en 


anntlgiWMa.  ay  aiilr  i 
'  -    tiiar 


b»  lana  anptMag  wNaii  «n»«Mg  uitiiannnay 
ir*  ^  **'*!9tf*  «•»  •■»**nK,  hla  Maa«tar«, 
ata.,  or  nay  nf  Ma  MP  lidir  iMMUMa. 


irwa 


■—<ayaf 


oonvivanchl 


itf.  tkmn  Mat,  ta  tb«  mM 

■M  ,  sM  mM  R*^,  4tMtA<  lh« 
•  tk4  Ucm,  MMifl*  M  Mak* 
M«,  •»  •ity  M«|  IhMMl,  l«r 
I*  r««t4lM  af  llM  MM  latm, 
la  wfttiiifl  a^  Um  mM  A.  •,. 

rv  Vai.m,  »mn  ••««•,  atf  . 
{.nataiMifa  m 
I,  4l«t*ii(  IM  mM  Imw,  «•)(. 
w»y»«uii»  i««m4«  til*  •• 
4*lifl  aM  alMMiMi  all  fttf 
irafa,  4r«<«a,  walii.* 


Mitta,  iiaa4  •?  «<)  k*  «• . 
*•••*  ■!  iha  taM  |m««>ii 
tka  a4i«talnf  i^ainia*.  Im< 


wru>. 

«  tn 


waa  CanfmAtm  m  *rc, 
I  aaaaatara,  MlmtaUiraiifa. 
ar  iMIf  aavN  aa^aaa,  %•(•>!  • 
tat,  Antah  a«4  maba  Hi  l.,> 
aamaaia,  witti  ika  anut  (• 
allaa  af  Iha  aaM  A.  f  ,  hit 
a*  Ilia  ar  thair  aaryayat. 

riva  a  taatway  In  (fani  af 
a  a«ana  aiMk,  ala.,  aM. 

Hwaa  Witt.BTT. 
tattliwltli  liMHua  tlia  b-iild 
wltef  ta  ka  araaia4  an  \h, 
a4,  ta  tka  fWI  valwa  tkartot, 
I  allaa,  aM.,  an4  kaap  th« 
»<uf4  4«ria|  tka  aaM  larm  . 
t  af  tka  aaA  A.  •.,  kta  <3 
a  raaal^  tn*  tka  aranilux 
M,  mt  avary  attrrail  yaar 
.iMta  in,  lie. 
kla  aaaawtafa,  ate. 
ika  aaM  t«rm.  pali> 
M  !•«•  worii  b«t 
Ik  Iwa  aaam  o( 
Ika  naanar. 
r«  Kaar  >'■<>•' 
,  aa  aacaaioi! 
■aaM  an4  auO 
la  aaM  i>c«'!' 


I  gaarf  axil 

'iMa&i 


ta&oupa 


lulx, 

vvtth  lh« 
tantiat  t« 
af  a  tanart 


M*« 


»  «npTo|a 
»<£.,«!  all  aaMaiiabit 
may  «  iiat  tka  »aiii 
of  tka  aaM*  t* 


,  m  Cam  av  rm.  LaMt* 

LL,  vrr. 

aa  aftan  aa  tka  ktilMlnga 
a  «r*''i"4  karab*  4anila«d 
I*  Ian  ,f4  ky  Ara,  farlh- 
I  wNbT  Ika  <Ura««iaa  af  Mia 
.  9.,  kla  aaaaulora,  atr- 
ful  for  tha  aaM  A.  B.,hlt 
luMinabi*  ilm«*  during  Ih* 
I*  *ai4  pramtaaa.  ta  tak* 
(.ondlilao  lk*r*«f ! 
laratlan,  wklth  u|mni  attth 
nd  Ht  tka  aa 


watt  t 
lid  Ht  tka  aaMMmaiit  a( 
I  akatt  ka  Ian  at  tlM  aaM 

>.,  kM  aa«<  ««tart.  ata.,  win 
'>iB  n.fiit  aha* 

tty  repair  I 


avaiy 


Maatka 
lilalaati 


Ma  aaaaator*.  ata.,  wM  aai 
la  arlaelpal  tioikM,  nth, 
iiwlaaa,  nor  uaa  ar  aaaary 
aMT  Mrt  '  h9tm»t,  iw  any 
•  ^rf«*t»  JwattiMiiMaa, 
wHttaat  air  Ika  aiSi  A.  •., 
kgrWlAli^i  t  afhtnriaa 
Mifli'!«  ta  MybJUiMon 
It  aawtlfMtia,  m  mimi  ta 
k  MMt^N  ta  ma  aaaay- 


jsSS 


C   li  ^r^  A  •?  .'  f  ~"2  •*  •*•  "'^  MM.  aa4 

maVtVLt?..      «  *  '•"'•    •"••"•I**,   and  aa,**. 
i«l««d.  *«  IK,  pail  ami  Hahalj  .r  ili.  parly  «r  ih. 

ii:..*^.  •"."."l.*"'  •:•*«"—.  — ..«„r.i/„'  .„5 

|'*iii*a,   damiaad,    and    •«    faim    \m\\mn     ami  b. 
l*t.  unl*  iha  (aid  parly  of  iha  **««nd  aart  li..  .7 

«r.    admlnl..,at«.    .„d   ...l,.,';  f,om  ih, 

nj  rf  m  *r'rar-.a^vrktnra{r'.;l::.:.;''  ;;:2 

„.^'*'"J'''|  •"<•   Paytn.   Ih*,*rar,  unia  Iha  a*M 
party  iftR*  A,a«  p,,i,h^  h*l,,  «,',„,,„;.  '•'^I,*' 


P.^!,?  !    •  •*"•  ''*i')y  :.•"•  «  •«"»  •'  dollar, 

lawful  m*n*y  at  Ih*  ynll*d  •lata*  ar  Am.r?t.   .!.' 
t^ual  auarlar  ur  h^J,  y„„y  paym.niT  lo  «, 

larmT  "^  •"'''  y**'  *»'•'»•  "»•  aaM 

w-!!'?''"*''   •'"••y*.   !»•»».  thalaaa,   ikal   If    iha 

•aania  haral-..    -.  inlaliiol,  un  'ha  oari  an^  k. 
teuton,  adminlairatora.  and  aaalan*  i^  h.  .T-  M 

h!  ^M  S!2j.'^     »>••'«  Of  aaalana.  Into  »    j  Jp'„ 
if    wiln«^i         "•mlaaa.  an]  .vary  ,.     ,  ,hf, , 

^mmdiS^S^r.'    '">""    '•  '  •  •"•  "  '»-"' 
nrai  ana  fkrniar  aatata,  -r  n-   i lUraln  far  .i. ^  ,  -   . 

l.rtVH!;;?i"„:;l4' "••  ••""•'> ••«•'-'?«  . *« 

a.ft"f-ll'"i!.!'il.'*"''  »'  ""  ••«•«<  part,  for  him- 

s.k':i;i!:.'r.'7;r  :i-:»;  ;„-feThH'^^ 


haaa  aroaanta,  that  tb*  aaid  t>-> 
kla  aii«i  uto<», 


i:Zi 


"9  aaaigna.  by 

Wa  haSi  1,  lili  iftha  flratpart. 

rWjiJwtkr^r:;'       V      "Wlr  rant  aBola 
and  DraacrihaKir  t!*    ,         '1^     '  •»•■"•»  ll«»i»t«d 

fk'?r.5f:5fJlst,rny%.d^ti.X«5:  a'?'dT.:"' 

ir  .«,««  .bin     i"*™'  •"••wuio«,  .Hinlnl,i,„„r,, 
chaw  hUr  1 JIS"  d^iV"*"  T  '^<«'  <=•*'•  "-^ 

.i^li^f:^^l2SSL•^•l\«!«M'»^fcr^^ma.lr, 


bv  *"— -    '-^  ***HP*«'  «>tk  cavaaaat  an4  acra* 

•--.ta.CTy^tirjw.'asidn^ib: 


if 

wltkaat  any  manna*  af  lat,  tuit.  itaakia  a.  hia. 

.Jilr""T  *h*..af.  th*  parii.a  ta  if,*,«  -„». 
•  nl.  b...  h.,.„„i„  „,  ,h.„  h,„^  ^  ..ala'  Iha 
day  and  ,..,  ,bav*  «rrltt*n.  %    S      1,    ,T 

•*al*d,..,,„d.anddali»af.di        CO     \l  U 
in  praaanta  of  O   M.  j  '     *•' 

Thu  ,  -       ''•*■*     '•*'*  •^••^ 

i«.d.  •hi!     ""T' '"?•">"'""■  ""••"<••«.  «»il*aaa. 
mada  thi*  —.  day  af  -     ,  hy  tnd  kai«Ja>«  am 
•»     -,  of  th*  <,»iv»,t,  an4  C  g    af^  .»  il' 

ath.r  aarl,  wlln,„,ih  ,  *  *' '  •'  •»' 

Thai  aald  Aim  <on«ld<rallon  of  Ih*  rtnii 

h.r.bVr.-.5  .A  •  ^'  •'•"'  '"•'  »'••'">  m.d  L«* 
n*r*by  !•**•  and  can»*y  unio  lb*  aald  C    b     hi. 

f«  low.n,  d*....b.d  r.al  *,ut,,  ,uX%  '.,^,' 

»'ili  .an,!!!!  ,,ih« 

lo  th*  tald  A.  ..... 

h*r  Ut.  huaband,  M    H  .  d*c*a.*d', 

h>l'.  /hV:*:  c '!,  "111'?  ^''  !"'"i  p' «•"'"..  1. 


.ili*d  rial  **ut*,  (u,  ,1,,,   (I,,.,,/ 
M,  (UiM«  iba  a»m.»hnh  w*r«,  itig.ili.r 
>r  iw.t.l.  .,f  r,.,|  ,.u„,,u  ).  aaa'anad 
,_?*£•  t"?**"'  tn  lk*<aiarao7 


mad.  o.'  .•b."!l*a.j'„^  1!!!  ;;•.(.»">"»•"•  •■    ^ 

And_ih«  aald  C.  O..  for  himaalf.  hia  a«*cuia.. 

.«c  .  do**  h.r.bv  cavanant  wlTh  th.  „ld  A    4  ' 

inat  b*.  hIa  »«rci  iora.  «|c.,  ahall  and  will  ■.•■ 
to  th*  .aid  A    B,.,„  hair.,  ;.„",;,,    7,i"  W 

Thai  ha.tha  aaid  C.  D.  hlaa«**u««»«  •••  .l  ■■ 
and  will,  horn  ilm.  to  t  m.  Cnd  .•  !?;fl*::'i"" 
In,  tha  .ontlnuanca  ofNha  ."d  Ija-.'M  hutn- 
lh«.r  own  char...,  w.ll  and  .uft'laAtlv  raoa?, 
aui.port  and  am.nd  aald  l.aMd  pr.mlaaa and^try 
par{  th«r.ar,  with  all  mann.r  of  n.adful  r.oalra 
andjimandmanti.  aa  af^an  a.  at.a^lSn  IfcZR  ,,! 

^J.^V  ***  *'".  "••■  •""•  •»••  •«a«ttlora.  ate.  tkall 
not.  do,  com  ml.  or  auffar  any  waaia  ub^«  t<.!  A 

"Th^l'n'Tb'-.:  -•''"•  V'-rw",m"ir  ''•• "- 

.»!»•'  ,•?  •"•  i**—**  ef  Ih*  tald  A  ■    <a>iii  ..<i 
?J""  y'fW  and  d.lly.r  up  IhTaald  JramlMj  to 

That  ha,  tha  aald  C.  O. ,  hIa  aiacutora  ati-    .k.ii 

r.%'*."'a'h*'r.''„\^iv'*'?:'^''.«' "T'"* '•«"  " 

at  any  ttma  during  th*  aahi  laaM  ho  i-wruH^.^ 
aa..«d  or  lm»a.,/on  tha  laaaid  irii,ra7a  i    ' 

That.  If  It  .hafl  happan  that  th*  aaid  rant  mt 
~?l'J"f  f«"  thar«j)l,  afcall  ka  la  arraar  and 

^•••^Mtmiaaa.  ^.11  not  ka'duthSlTd'S  Jh! 

JO  nova  again,  and  anjoy,  aa  In   bar  Arat  an^ 
ST-.?  •!'••••  •"""  «>>•••«  C.  D..kto.  a"    Ind 

r,l%Wo^r.w,^&-'^7j:^ 


I 


3JB 


CCNVEVANCES. 


An4  th«  Ml4  A.  ■.  doM  hcrtby  <evtn«nt  and 
•flrtt,  to  »nd  with  th«  Mid  C.  D.,  hU  •««eulora, 
ttc,  that  ha  and  thty,  paying  tha  laid  yaarly 
rant,  haraby  raaanrad,  at  tha  timaa  haralnbafora 
appolntad  for  tha  pavmant  tharaor,  aod  parfbrm- 
ing  all  and  aingular  tha  covananu  and  condltiona 
haraln  contalnad,  on  hia  aod  thair  part  to  ba  per- 
fermad  and  kapt.  ahall  and  lawful^  may,  paaca- 
ably  and  quiatly,  hold  and  anjoy  tha  laaaad  pram- 
It". '•'.'1*^.*4''"«  *•*•  »•"»  •wraaald,  fraa^rom 
tha  lawful  hindranea  or  InMrruptlon  of  any  nar- 
•on  or  panona  whataoavar. 

ProvMad  alwaya,  ai»d  it  la  haraby  mutually 
airead  batwaan  tha  aaid  partiaa,  that  if  tha  aaid 
mtuuaga,  parcal  of  tha  aaid  laaaad  premiaaa, 
djring  tha  said  tarm,  ahould  aecidaotally  ba 
b jrnad  down,  or  daatroyad  by  Ara.  thia  indantur* 
of  laaaa,  and  avary  etauaa,  artlela,  aiid  covanant 
nerein  conulnad,  ahall  tharaaflar  caaw  and  da- 
tafmlna  i  and  nalthar  tha  aaid  A.  B.,  har.  ate.  nor 

«tc.,  ahall  viald  and  daUvar  up,  to  tha  aaid  A.  B. 
?K  •"•',  "^i"*.  poaaaaalon  of  tha  land  on  which 
i..!,**!?  «"•"»««•  •«*»^'  !»««»h«  with  tha  raai- 
.S*„^  *•••  'f*^  pramiaca,  and  ha  and  thay 
■hall  Vj  acqulttad  and  diachargad,  from  thanca- 
forward,  from  tha  paymaot  of  rant  tharafor,  and 
from  Iho  parformanca  of  Uia  othar  covananu 
haralnbafora  containod. 
In  witnaaa  wharaof,  ate. 

Tnia  ragretmml,  conveyanca,  IndeiiltirB,  »r)  laaaa. 

"f*?K  *S'l: —  *""  "i  z-i '**'*••"  *•  *»-.  Of — ) 
piA!"w!\^!ffl;':"^  *''^-"" —••"*•—»«' 

w  ''^'*  'j?  ••'•••^•'•tloa  of  tha  rant  and  royaitlaa 
harclnaftar  raaaryad,  and  of  tha  covananta  hara- 
inaftar  contalnad.  and  on  tha  part  of  tha  aaid  C 
p.,  hlaaxacutora.  adminiatralora.  aod  aaalgna,  to 


granta  and  laaaaa  unto  tha  aaid  C.  O.,  hIa  asacu' 
tora,  adniiniatratof*  nod  aaaigna,  aa  followa  i 
I'lH^.  All  that  tenanant  cEi^y  uaod  aaan  an- 

Ctna-houaa.altttaM  la  and  froatlbg atraat  In 

tha  city  of -— ,  which  amd  pra^laaa  ara  mo^ 
particularly  dallnaatad  in  tha  map  or  plan  hmto 
annaxad,  and  tharalo  markad  -^,  and  thama 
and  anjoymant  of  all  tha  maabk^ary,  fl>tura«^ 

in  or  upon  tha  aaid  pramiaaa. 

hmKi-l^  £S,  ""tf  "■■'^  »•»•  «n*»tt«»ctoriaa, 
buiMlnga,  boilarOionaaa,  Ulna,  eroctlona.  offleaa! 
bulld.ngaand  pramlMaatuata  batwaan -1-atrMt 

and  — -  quay  In  tha  aaid  city  af .  which  aaid 

pramiaaa  jMcondly  haralobaliS*  darted  ^ 
X^  SX^'^HiSy  *«llnaatad  in  thaTSil  maplJ 
plan,  and  tharaia  markad  — ,  and  tha  uaa  and 
anjoymant  of  all  tha  machinaiy,  Aaturaa.  Imi^ 
manta.  utan^,  and  thioga  whSk  n^  m  in  w 

acribad  (exoapiriig,  aavartkUau,  add  rcsarvlM  unto  iha 

SI?,'  ?!2L^J***»!f*?T»  ""^  "capiad  amTrNarvc.^ 
t^«. -kS£°2L.*^''»»'»»<^'  "dawlgna,  all  ih^ 
^ll^i^i^  ^  "*}»"••<»▼  of  thai2»fJ«I  build- 
mE.^^r*'?^'?"  ^  abtohita  u«a  andei^oy. 

Ji^'!!:.*'^  "^  *•  "■»*  P««oni,  ffcalr  tncuton, 

admlnittratort  and  uugn*.  and  unto  iheir  Mr*.Mt 

workmen,  or  ai»  olhw  perMnt  on  thair  behdfr^     ' 

rHiRD.  All  that  tract  and  aarcal  of  iMuad 

tne  aama  to  occupy  and  uaa,  aithae  on  footor  1^ 
m«ana  of  carta  or  other  vahMaa.  herMa.  or  othZ 
a  limala,  faU  and  fraa^b?iSd  |\£S^?S^m' 
egrcH,  ragraaa.  paaaMo  wd  w«yat%llTMM 
over  tha  Mttd  iriaeaoriand  cotorSd  --.  o«  t^ 

fn.iS-i'f£S""J?*  ^J"^''  "«  by^  tha  Sthar 
internal  and  eirtarBal  rawairea  and  wawa  lur 
Which  tha  aaldj^  JS^SSSI^l^,  ZSn  ti 
pSlSt'a^SSSd*:*  ft»«  tha  .«d  .Ut  f««  tS 
To  have  and  to  hold  aU  tha  aidd  pramiaaa  here- 
by leuMd,  or  aspiaaeed  ao  to  be.  unto  the  aidd 
C.  D.,  hIa  cicecuton,  admintetrauralaMl  Maigwh 


I  Ibr  the  term  ar—yaara  from  the &myt 

hJlfit-'.!?  •»««J»oy«nt  •"  "•P^t  of  the  premieea 
hereby  demieed  every  year  during  the  eald  term 

mii  rl™"*  •*[!  •»•/*«»«  ovwy  year  during  the 

aaid  to/ma  royalty  of par ,  in  reaaact  at 

i'irrv7h.''i2lli"ft'  mf- «r  man'ufactoiSd 'a^ 
aold  by  the  aaid  C.  D.,  hia  aaecutora,  admloiatra- 
tore  or  aeaigna,  or  any  paraon  or  paraooa  on  hia 
or  their  behalf,  either  onthe  iMremiMhireby  d" 
ir,1.1!^J!r  "".  •""  •*?  thereof,  or  on  any  other 
premiaaa  or  In  any  other  place  or  placaa  whatao- 
ever,  auch  rent  and  royaliiee  to  be  paid  by  mmI 

quarterly  pavmanta  on  the day  of— lihe—- 

day  of-—,  (he day  of .  ind  the  -—day 

£0' •  «f««I  of  aU  deductiona,  the  Arat  quarterly 
aymant  af  tha  aaid  rent  and  royaltiae  Vea^ 
vely  to  be  made  on  the day  «N— iteStT^ 

And  the  aaid  C.  D.  hereby,  forbimeelf,  hia  hcira, 
cxecutore.  admlniatratcra,  and  aaaigna,  cove- 
n...ta  with  the  eaid  A.  D.,  hie  ear  ^JS?,  Mlmi;. 
ietratora  and  aaaigna.  that  the  eaid  C.  'Ji'  hia  ea- 
ccutora.  adminiatratora,  and  aaaigna,  ahall  and 
will  during  the  eaid  term,  oaylhe  aaid  rant  a^ 
rpyalUee  reepectiveiy  on  the  eaid  daya  of  pay 
ment  whereon  the  aama  reapectlvely  ara  herein, 
before  made  payable,  without  any  deduction,  and 
alM»  pay  ani  aiacharga  aU  praaant  and  f^tora 
taaea,  chargaa,  ratca  and  aaaeaamento  upon  the 
aaid  premiaaa  hereby  teaaad,  or  on  the  ocaupier 
or  occup|terr  ••^•treof  in  raapact  of  thii  aamaTaad 
will  at  aU  Umaa  heap  indemnlAad  the  aiW  A. TK 
hia  hcira,  aaecutora,  adminlatraten  aad  aaama. 
from  the  payment  thereof  reepectiveiy  |  ^^^ 

And  further,  that  tha  aaid  CO.,  hia  Macutota. 
adminiatratora  and  aaaigna.  ahall  and  wiU.  dtai 

timea  during  tha  aaM&rm  of yaara,  earn 

on,  within  the  aaid  eity  of ,theVMlnew? 

2mi"R.!L'**^'''*iS'""l"«  — •  .•«"«  ••"*"«  *•«• 
•ama  there  and  alaewbere  to  the  beet  poaalble 

S?."*"^? '  ood  ahaH  and  wiU  at  aU  timeidHraii 
15!  o*^**™  koap  proper  booba  of  account  on 
Jh!JlS?  ES"^.  ^•••y  ••••«'•  o»  «•  aome  part 
i»!I£*AS^*'^"  ?".?  .**■*?  »•  time  make  auch 
antrtaa  therato  aa  ahaU  clearly  ahow  tha  quantity 

of which  ahaUl  Arora  tine  to  time  be  masu- 

factut«d  and  aold  by  him  or  tham.or  any  paraM 
or  paraooa  on  hia  or  thair  bdMlf.VukTUo  Um 
wnountof  royaltiM  which  ahaU  from  tlma  to 

■"  2*5?  J^**^  ^••'«''  •••••t  to  be  entered  in 
'If'!'.  *^*  Ht  'o*'^  to  Oa  aaid  biwlneaa;  aad 


during  the  hM  tarm.  at  h^'or  tUSt'^"imSSm, 
■upply  the  mSa  A.  a.  hie  e«acutMi?UnSStoi.' 
tora  and  aaeicaa,  with  a  proper  a»a  MtttaUe- 
coubt.  In  wriSag.  of  aU  tbT-il-wMch  SmU  him 
been  maaulbctm«d  or  aold  aa  HUn^STiSSi 
the  than  pmadlpg  month,  together  with  aB 
voiMhera  and  auch  uAm  avidMee  aa  tfy  ba  ra> 
qtiired  In  order  elaar^toahaw  tha  acearacyof 
Kueh  Mcount:  and  All  and  win.iraiSnSb«« 
'?'"{'A**i?-'**  •»y  the  eaid  A.  a.kia  aaecutora, 
adminiatratora,  or  aaatona,.  farther  avidenca  the 
accuracy  of  every  aiich  accouAt  by  tha  oath  oi 
■*'.^!2S2^*'  tha  aaid  C  D.Tiua  eaacutore.  adr 
minletrMera  or  aaaignat  and  ahall  aad  wdl  wi 

t^h^ri^-s^rssis^-sas 

in  roaDect  of  an  the  — which  SaU  have  bean 
ffianufactwod  or  aold  during  the  tbea  Brecedlog 
quarter  of  a  year.  r-         -» 

And  farthar.  that  in  caaa  tba  aaid  rant  and  rof^ 
altiaa  har*^  raoervcd,  or  aay  of  thaa,  or  aay 
part  tharaef  reapaetively.  ahall  at  nay  time  w 
Umaa  duniig  the  aaid  term.  fiOl  to  be  paid  at  tha 
Umaa  and  in  tha  maniaer  tieralabelbreprovtded 
fcr  thia  purpoaa,  then  (la  addition  to  the  pa«en  of 


dntrau  and  entry  wMch  )m  or  they  nuy  poaaoM  inde- 

lawAil  tar  the  aaid  A.  B.,  bia  «Kecamn.  ad- 
miniatratora «ir  aaaigaa,  iato  or  upon  tha  aaid 
premwea  bereb/  leaaad,  or  aapraaeed  aa  to  be, 
or  any  part  thereof, or  any  MhwpremlMa  whee*: 
ia  m-  wnateapoB  tha  aaia  boainaaa  uuv  R»  ttta 


CONVEYANCES. 


ra  from  tli«-—  6my  of  — > 

In  rMnact  of  th«  pramtom 
K*ar  during  Ui«  Mtd  ttrm 

ftariy  nnt  of doUara, 

tng  avary  yaar  durinc  >>>• 
— :  V^  - — I  "J»  raapaet  o< 
Mda  or  manufactiuad  and 
lita  aaacutora,  admtnwtra' 
paraon  or  poraooa  on  hia 
n  tha  i>ramfaaa  haraby  da- 
tharaof,  or  on  any  othar 
r  placa  or  piacaa  whatao- 

fc''d.^o?!}i!^.r^' 

Y  of ,  and  tha  - —  day 

Ktiona.  tha  Brat  quartariy 
int  and  royalttaa  raapac- 

*• — -day  of naat. 

aby,  for  bimaalf,  hia  halra, 
era,  and  aaaigna,  cova- 
p.,hiaacr  itor*,  admin- 
hat  tha  aaid  C.  '3.,  hia  aa- 
.  and  aaalgna,  ahaU  and 
tn,  oay  tha  aald  raat  anS 
in  tha  aald  daya  of  pay 
a  raapactlvaly  ara  hcrain- 
thout  any  daductloa,  and 
t  all  praaant  and  ftatara 
d  aaaaaamanu  upon  tha 
laaad,  or  on  tha  oaaiipiar 
raapaet  of  th.i  aaaM,  and 
lamniAad  tha  aaid  A.  B.. 
ntniatratora  aad  aaauma, 
>f  reapaetivaly; 
Mid  C.  D.,hl8ajMeirtoro, 
ina.ahall  aMiwUl,at«3 
tarm  of yaara.  eatry 

•f .  tha  Vualnaaa  of 

D| .  and  aalUng  tha 

Mra  to  tha  baat  poaalUa 
d  win  at  all  tlmaa  dunnc 
par  booM  of  account  on 
r  laaaad,  or  e«  aoana  part 
nma  to  ttmo  maha  auch 
warty  ahow  tha  quantity 
I  tiiaa  to  tlasa  bo  maa»> 
I  or  thorn,  or  any  paraon 
air  bahalf.aiidtfM  tha 
kleh  alMll  from  tlina  to 
raapaet  tharaof.  and  alao 

ooght  to  be  entered  In 
>  the  aald  bualneaa;  aad 
rat  day  of  avary  auMtb 
lie  or  their  owi  ^wpanae, 
t  eMcutora.  MkAiniatn. 

proper  Md  MthfUM- 
IM^ — which  elMll  have 
eld  ••  ^ifoveaaM  4wliif 
nth,  tocather  with  i3 
'  eyideace  aa  v^f  be  ro- 
»  ahow  the  acenracy  of 

and  will.  If  and  wlin 
aid  A.  B..  Bla  aaacutora, 
a,.fkulber  evidence  the 
McouAt  by  the  oath  ot 
.  D.,  hM  *aectttot*.adT 

and  ahatt  and  wift  id 
;  tha  aald  term  dorlnc 
•by  reaerved  are  made 
ta,  pay  the  full  amomt 

which  ahall  have  been 
rint  tlte  then  precedlae 

( tha  aaid  teat  and  tvg^ 
r  any  of  tliem,  or  any 
,  ahall  at  any  Ume  or 
a.  fiOl  to  be  paid  at  tha 
herelabefwe  provided 
idditioo  lo  the  powan  of 
or  they  aiay  poiMM  hide- 
M  to  thb  cCTeci)  n  ahall 
.  B>,  tua  •Kccatera.  ad- 


!?  *r.*  ■■">•  rvnt  and  royaltica  ao  in  arraar  and 

lndten"i'll''iS!r' ^•'// """•«' '"Vi'»* 
r.i!ilS2.  :^  L"*!*  dlipoaa  of  in  such  mantvir  aa 
Lf  XJ2?1  V#'  '•''.''^  authoriied  to  do  In  reipaei 
?    K"?"  •'  '•"•  raaerved  upon  common  laaia 

•dminiatratora.  or  asalena.  may  by  auch  diatrtu 
X'.i'iy.a'n-ia'SttVn'S  r.'^^ia"oc-c"a-.±d' 

'"•-""w"iffir:r:o"'f:«f '"  •'^'""»'  '-'•"• 

I;«a*«-»llll. 

mini  ,flP*^J?''  "^on^ey'-'J*.  Indtnlure.  #r)  |»o.e, 
Bade  <>»•-—  day  of ,  between  A.  b. ,  of . 


,  of  the  fliat  part 


*'7-r  eounty.  and  Stat*  of        , „., 

•"*  Cj  D.,  of  —.  In county,  and  iutTor 

coMid.riSSS^l/fK'y  "'.*"•  *•"  VM,  for  and  in 
^P-t.  V  „  ■  ?f  ""•  """•  eovananta,  and  aare*- 
mento  haraiaaftar  mentioned,  reaerved  and  eon! 
talned,  on  the  part  and  behh'lf  of  the  STrty  of 

^  i^sg.pj-bS'VArsi-pT'aiirSS 

hfah,  —  feet  In  langtb,  and  containa looma 

.r^.T-»•'M^ -Ttr.v^^-H:; 

with  all  the  machinery  BOW  I?  the^e  SetoSi! 


•tovee,  boiler*,  A>««ree,  heatW^' a'adf  mVehlnam 
Sri^J^/X'"*  "•^''  •»  »»»«^d  mIM  Which  ap^ 


St'Slhl.SKi'.v:^'  .'"^  ""^  -Tf  5Sdw'.iHn;;;"„d 

(torehouaea  uaed  In  ronneetion  with  aald  mill 
which  now  belong  vo  eald   party  of  ui  aS^x 

And  the  eald  party  of  tha  flrat  part  furtha* 
pramlaea.  and  to  furnlah  water-power,  water. 
III""?!™ J".t*t*'V°«  •»*  «~HnVaul&ciwt  M 

Mar.  ::d'a''th*?rn'i?;u-{ib  ^:^^i 

And  tha  aald  party  of  the  flrat  part  further 
part  tha  qaiat  and  paacaabfoMaeeeSoB  or  Sh 

which  art  now  need  and  may  ha  nacaalliV c.. 
f^m'Se-^rSare?  fL*!.?-^  ^^1.^ 

5?^<i^  WaSt'^f'or'vjiiiX'rf'a.*^ 

S22''.Si-  "Pl^H*"  "••"tlonid  to  i  ^d  JhSi 
S?l«'-f'^S?lSL:*^""«  durlngiha  conUnS 

m2d.t/iir!r!^:'ySr:z.«is^'Srn"rfcn& 

5#5.*' "  — 5  *" county,  aad  ■ttteo/ 

-—.of  theeecondpart.wltaaaMMii 

That  the  eald  parte  of  the  flrat  mU  far  a.^  i. 
conaidaratloa  of %a  rStnoyeoaSa'and  SSliS 
manto  hereinafter  mentiin^TtoSvid  M?Sa: 

!^...  'SI*'ii'*-*^'?**»'  •dminiaSiSra,  and 

gc^  tiM^ia.-^^-^ -^«S:f 
ly  2;-bS:tssr  :;ro7*.j-^^*L-i'4f^^'isi; 


?.!.?L^"«^'  '"d  of  eoniurtiSiwiniig  iid 
•ay   ealent  "-- 


he 


may 


mSU^  A*™»  •L—  »?«^ .««"»  the day 

P^  «  Mid  l««*  for  any  ether  puipoa^whaiioeTar;, 


paying  for  the  tlte  of  buildlnca  (,r  il„itn»u  tiktt 

X«jr2.M*'"y:  'i"""."  'ta«.n.bl*?ent. 
ih..  hl^  K.f'lS' "'  »''•  "•«»""•  P"rt  hereby  egreea 

♦fc-f  1.?^'°  •*"■*'  I"  »*••  ••eond  pert  covenania 
ui5.".'J""»«f  •»«•<•»•  done  to  or  upon  Mid 
anda  and  premieee  other  than  may  be  nwaaaai v 
in  conducting  aald  operation*.     ^       Me«a*aiy 

.«h  /JTr'.!'*"'?*  •'  l***  "f"  '"d  lecond  part 

a  ^tl'r.Ta'XS'VlUfg^n' tea^VSSr  •  •"■ 

-ki        '    '  ^^1  tnan  these  praaenta.  and  >«••» 

:v."r«„SM"ri.d*'.'""'  •"■'^  "•-^•—  «S"fX: 

In  witncea  whereof,  etc. 

JLyaa    Oil,  Min    ral,  vr  Hal*  a.— j.. 

conveyance byC  D.  toluia  ST^]???,.  «"•••  •' 
contai^Bg  -2-  aS«^2Ii?e'^JjL*fe/.'?*P*"' 
P«je  of  iSjring.  mlMn?.°iid  ojSiuM*far'!Si' 

BaM  aecoad  partlea  ahall  have  tlM  >»i..^._ 

iaea  for  oarfytBC  oa  the  ««itrtiiaM  ff hBrinf  ij^.?.' 

other  miaerala rrtla  tave  Se^eSSwy  ^.^Sl 
to  and ftwB aay wan ar waUa that  Mvb?h^ 
or  rny  mlaea:  aad  ahall  hmiMiZ^i^  5!w     • 

ij/4jpr\  af  au  oiir.2rir«s,i:*i;,rss 

hjlonglnjM,  him  aa  often  aa  AqM^^'^r,':^! 

c.iSfrr.'^?t£s^;*jjr^,^g^,j2**»--«- 

londfer'tli;iSi55roM^Sl'K"£u*,J?!.S*"* 
miaerala.aad  Waaid  tniiTn?!— -?"-'^-^""'' 
an  the  rtoMa  an?  SiSiii--l  iSLU""*'  •"•"  have 

•.idp?»s;jKSs?:i*r*- ■'•"»•«»»•*• 

_Wrtneea  oar  haada  (and  wnk,).  thia day  «f 

tor  form  of  AeaaowtaawaiiT,  m  ihki  111?.^ 


m2de*'ti'ir!!!!^^*o72?^tSTk">i'^ 
of  the  one  part7a»d^K*Sr!!^^r^£*''T-> 


CONVEYANCES. 


That  ■•  Mii«i4«ratlan  of  lh«  ranta  and  e«va- 
aanu  harairaftar  raiiarva4  and  contaioad.  and 
which  en  tha  pait  af  tha  aaid  C.  D. .  hia  aa«cutara, 
Miatniatratora  and  aaaicaa,  ara  to  ba  paid  and 
ffi*V*if'  l***  ■**'  A-  *•  '•M  laaaa,  ata.,  to  tha 
aald  C.  p.,  hIa  aaacutani,  ate,  aU  that  paw  or 

•aat  In  tha maalini-houaa,  altuata  In  aaid  ■.. 

Bumbarad ,  with  <raa  liberty  of  increaa  and 

agreaa  Into  and  from  >he  aame  at  aU  Umaa  of 
divine  aarvica,  and  at  aU  •aaaonabia  timaa  what- 


Te  hold  the  aaid  new  or  eaat  to  the  aald  C.  D., 
hia  eaacutora.  etc. ,  from  the  day  of  tha  data  hare. 

or,  <br  and  during  the  ftoll  term  of yeara 

thence  neat  anaulng ; 

Yielding  and  payfitir  therefor,  on  every  Irat  day 

Sf  -T- .*"''"«  *•. ■«<*  »•"»•  "nto  »»••  ••»•«  A.  ■., 

hia  heir*   or  aaaigna,  tha   yearly  rest  of  

dellara. 

Provided  alwaya.  nevertbcleee,  that  if  it  ehall 
happen  that  the  aald  yearly  rant  herelw  reeerved, 
or  any  part  thweof,  ehaU  bo  behind  aVd  unpaid 
by  the  apace  of  twenty  day*  neat  after  It  ahall 
become  doe  aa  aforaaaid,  then  thto  taaae  and 
every  article  and  thing  herein  contained,  on  the 
Jfrt  of  «»»•  ifW  A.  ■"&  be  done  and  per/ormed, 
ahall  datarmlna  and  bo  uttorly  void. 

-Ml.         .^"J"!**"  ■^  •**»  Tax««,  wtc 
That  aoid  C.  D.,  hia  eaocutora,  ate.,  at  aU  Umaa 
haraafler  during  the  tern*  aforaaaid,  ahall  and 

duUae,  which  ahall  be  duly  and  legally  aaaaaaed 
oa  the  aaid  pew  or  aaat. 

See  Mber  covmaaM,  above  aad  bdov. 

,_,     ,        iMUM-KMMWal.  •<«. 

IWa  {agrMnMM,  conveyance,  indanntre,  #r)  leaae. 
made  tiS  — -  dav  of ,  between  tiia  Within^ 

S^IH!!!  A«"-?'.^»  V  '•»*•  •**  »•»•  within- 
Btmed  C.  D.,  of  the  other  part,  witneaaoth  i 

That  for  and  In  conaideratloii  of  the  coveaanta 
•  M  •C>««"*mt*i>>*«oiMfter  contained, which  on 
t)  «  part  ami  behalf  of  the  e«M  C.  D.,  Me  oaecu- 
**'7'f*S*"'^*!™«  •■*  «^'»«.  ■"  to  bo  done 
aiid  Mrfermed,  tha  aaid  aTK  by  thaaa  praaanta 

«?2\fe!!l  •*f:«  ""is  *]»•  •?"  C.  D.,  hia,  etc.,  aU 
tlw  feOawlag  daeeribetf  real  eawta  {.dttriUi^  U). 
5**.^'  aad  alngular  other  the  premiaaa  raapec- 
S!?!J'.5?P»^*  *»  »•*  withio-witUB  laaaa,  and 
tf  areby  iMaad  to  tha  aald  C.  D.  (except  at  tlUnin 

Ta  have  aad  to  hold  tho  aald  piaae  or  Baieal  of 
■^^""'iJ"^"''**  •?  toBOBieat,  aad  airaad  ala- 
gjUar  ether  \M  pramtoaa  hMoby  leaaed  (except  a» 
aforMald)  aata  Aa  aaid  C  D.  Oa  aaecvMra.  etc.. 
ft—  Mw day  of ,  whleliwUI  ba  la  the 

Apd  in^ea  «ha  aald  witMn-writteh  leaae  will 
01^.  for  aad  during  and  «at«  the  <UI  ead  aad 

big.aa^aet  to  tho  hEaraat.  aad  payable  in  Uko 
maaaar  aa  wHhla  aMatlWMdi.  aa/au^iact  to  tha 
Ulto  power  of  aatry.  aa  w^  oa  aoa-pawmant  of 
reat  aa  oa  tto  happi^  af  an*  other  of  the  loci- 
deata  meattoaad  (a  Hm  wtojb-writtoii  provlaot 
orcoaditionof  ro>antfy. 


SmrHjikif  Arrttmtml. 

In  eonalderation  of  the  ktUng  of  the  premie* 
above  daecribed.  and  for  tha  aum  of  one  doUac 
I,  the  undMreigned,  do  hereby  become  auretyfor 
the  punctual  payment  »/f  the  rent,  and  perform- 
ance or  the  cevenanu  in  the  within-written 
agreement  menUoned,  to  be  paid  and  performed 
V  «•  within-named  tenant;  and  if  any  default 
ahall  be  made  therein  I  do  hereby  premiee  and 
M***  *•  pay  an  demand,  unto  tha  wlthin-aamed 
landlord,  auch  aum  or  wma  of  money  aa  will  be 
euMcient  to  makeup  auch  deflciency. and  fkiily 
eatiafy  the  cendittona  of  tha  aaid  agreement, 
without  rMulring  any  notice  of  aoa-paymeot,  or 
proof  of  demand  being  made. 

Olven  under  my  hand.thia day  of ,  A. 

"> •  E.  i. 


tiaaci  tana 

aama  feotlag,  aad 

and — 


laaaa,  I 

--r 1>  ■bail  1*  apaa  tha 

_ ,,  __  .„  tha  covaaaaia,  coadMoaa, 

d  agreaouato.  raapactivaly  tharataMataload. 
^uaUy  antflahl^  — *.»««v  «to  Ilka  ferea  aa^ 
_Mt,  to  att  latanta  asd  aurpoeea,  aa  If  ovary 
article,  mattoir.  aad  thlag,  eoaSuaed'  la  tha  aaid 

fraaaat  ladaatara. 
IB  w(«MM  wnwrtef,  «M, 


Jwraawdlar  mT  m  Tsraa  •#  Taara. 

_. ,      T*  th*  JWtH$  Httvtng  tin  Rtvtrtmm. 

Thia  (agrarmcai,  convcyxncc,  Indemure.  er)  leaae, 

made  thia day  of ibatweea  A.  B.,  of — 

of  the  oao  part,  and  C.  D.,of ,of  the  other 

Whereae,  the  aald  C.  D.,  by  hie  Indentaro  of 
leaae.  boariag  date,  eto.,  did  leaae.  eu.  irttu*  tlu 
P*l^trtf  mmd  Itrm  tiimlkf  Itutt). 

Mo'  v  theae  praaanta  witneee  i 

the  eald  A.  B.  In  band  paid  at  the  eeaUng  aad  de- 
livery of  theao  praeeatt  by  tha  aald  C.  if.,  aad  to 
the  lataat  andmirpaee  that  the  eald  term  la  the 
eald  laada  anf  premiaaa  mfv^-  vhoUy  merged 
and  Mtiogajahed.  he.  tha  ar  ^,  hath  given, 

graatMl.aadaurrendered,  ,  .  >oae  preaoata 

doth  give,  pant,  and  aurr  6  tha  aald  C. 

p.,  aad  Mo.helra.  aU  the  at*,  ^  aad  premhea 
in  the  aald  ladaatnro  of  tottja  ceBUineir  aad  da- 
mlaad  aa  aforaaaid,  and  all  tha  aetote,  right,  title. 
intereat.term  of  yeara,  property,  claim,  aad  de- 
mand whataeever,  of  him,  iha  aaid  A.  B.,  af.  la. 
to.  or  out  of  tho  aaate,  or  any  part  or  parcel 


To  have  and  to  hald  the  aaid  landa  and  proia. 
leea  to  tha  aald  C  D..  hia  heira  aad  aatigna,  aad 
«•«»»•»  awB  proper  uaa  aad  behoof. 

Aad  tho  aald  A.  B.  doaa  hereby,  for  hiaiaair.  Ma 
heira,  aaacuto  ■,  and  adminlatratora,  covaaaat 
*"1  "C^f  to  «nd  wltii  Um  aald  C  D.,  hia  heira 
and  MaigM,  thM  ha.  tiia  eald  A.  B.,  hath  not,  at 
any  timo  heretofore,  made,  doae,  committed,  aa- 


^^^v    w^^^    «^^^  weiveaaawf  ^aawava  WWa  wVflHgBaadVHla  H* 

ecutad.  Mrml»id,or  auAcrad  aay  act.  dead,  aiai- 
tar  a*  tlBi^  whataaovar.  whereby,  or  whetowilb. 
•r  >y  raaaoa  or  maaaa  wharoof,  tito  aald  laada 

"-* "to*  '••'•'7  •^itpt^  •»  oorrwidarod,  ar 

t  or  aarcal  theraol;  are,  or  la,ar  nMy.caa, 
bo,  la  aaywlaa  Impaachad,  ahargodTaZ 


and  praatiliaa  herak 
aay  aart  r 

or  ahall  U. ..  -.,„^ 
facted.  or  laciuabared. 
la  witaaia  wharaof,  ate. 

jKaow  aU  men  by  theae  praaeato :  '""'" 

tionof doUara,  tome  iahaad  aald  at  aad  ba- 

£°^^  *■-.■"■!  •»*  deUvofy  of  Saae  araMmto. 
do.  tot  myaelf,  my  eiiacutera  aad  adarfafaMitora, 
baigaiB,  a^.  aarraader,  aaS  yijrid  up.  from  tiM 
day  of  tho  data  herapf.  aato  tiia  witbin-aamad  & 
**'•  *°t''!f ''*'^(;r  l><*««acuton  aad  adminlMfaton),! 
aa  wan  «ha  withia  ladaatara  of  laaaa.  aa  the 
laada  aad  prMaiaea  tharaia  maatioaod.aad  tho 
!m  ^.7^**^^^"^  1^  *•  «••»••  witii  aU  my 
[^••ii^** •!!? •«»»^.  thereto;  aad  1  do  hor£ 
by  eo^aaaat  that  «»»o  aamo  at  j  ftoa  aad  clear  of 
aU  laewahraacaa  of  what  kind  aoavar,  at  aay 
time  by  mo,  ar  by  my  privity,  conaeat.  or  pro- 
curemeat,  doaa.  comaatted,  w  auArad. 
Otvaa  uadar  my  head,  ato. 


See  HAaaHavM,  above. 
_^.   ^       l<«aa   C«<arte«aa. 
Thia  (agMeaMM.  coavcyance.  Indentuie.  tr)  loftaa. 
■Mde  tiiia ;day  of  — -.  batwaan  A.  B.,of-— ^ 

•^  *?•  ?!"_e!!!  •"*  C.  O..  of ,  of  tiM  otiiar 

part,  witoaaaath : 

That,  ia  Ma^daratioa  of  tho  caveaaato  aad 
'"S'i^^^  J?****"  coataiaod.  an  tho  part  of  tho 
ni4CO.,Uafsaciite(a,«tc,t«b«  la^pavttvaly 


P  Afrtrmtm/. 

Ita  lalUnc  af  tha  pramMl 
or  tha  Bum  of  ona  dollac 
haraby  bacoma  auraty  for 
ill  tha  rant,  and  parlarm- 
M  In  tha  withln-writian 
to  ba  paid  and  parformtd 
loant;  and  if  anydarault 

I  do  haraby  promiaa  and 
I,  unto  tha  Withtn-Mmad 
uma  of  monay  aa  will  ba 
Mwh  dafteianay,  and  Ailly 

of  tha  aald  a«raaniant, 
lotlea  of  Boo-paymaot,  or 
mada. 
i,  thia day  of — ..A. 

►f  •  T«rM  mr  TMkAk 

vnV  tiu  Jttvtriitm. 

irancc,  Indmtura,  «r)  laaaa, 

-^twaaa  A.  B.,  of , 

.  D.,of ,af  the  othar 

D..  by  hia  Indantwa  of 
,  did  laaaa,  ate.  (rtt^  th* 
\f  /rmtt). 
Itnaaa  s 

aratlon  of dollara,  to 

lid  at  tha  aoaUns  aad  da- 
kythaaaldC.  DT.aadto 
hat  tha  aald  tarm  in  tha 

*  mr-r^~  wholly  marcad 

•  ■(•  or .,  hath  givan, 
«.  ,  .  taaa  praaante 
nr  &  tha  Mid  C. 
I  a  -)4i  .u  aad  pramiiaa 
teatta  cnnuinodf  and  da- 
•11  tha  aateta,  right,  titla, 
proparty,  claim,  aad  da- 
rn, Um  aaid  A.  B.,  of,  m, 
,  or  any  part  or  patcal 

he  aald  lantfa  and  preia* 
>  heita  and  aaaigaa,  aad 


a  hereby,  for  himaeif,  Ma 
aminlatratora,  coaaaaat 
the  aald  CD..hlahaifa 
I  aaid  A.  B..  hath  not,  at 
da,  doaa,  committed,  aa- 
wrad  any  act.  deed,  mat- 
whereby,  or  wherewith, 
,  whweoT,  the  aald  laada 
Icaed  or  awModered.  ar 
f,  are,  ar  la,or  may.eaa, 
Impeached,  eharged,  al- 


lad  A.  &,  la  eoaaidera. ' 
la  haad  paid  at  and  bo- 
Uvery  of  theae  preoeata, 
teta  aad  adeaiaiMraton, 
aal  yi0ld  op,  (Irom  the 
ito  the  witMn-namod  & 
scuton  aad  adninistfaion),) 
MMare  of  laaaa,  aa  the 
tin  mentlanadtaad  the 
It  to  come,  with  aU  my 
thereto:  and  1  do  hare- 
•  at  J  Roe  and  clear  of 
at  hind  aeaver,  at  any 
Mvtty,  CMMont,  or  pro- 
ad,  or  auflned. 


!■■_ 

UM,  ebove. 


noa,  Indantura,  ar)  laaae, 
.between  A.  B.,of— , 
D..  of ,  of  tiw  other 

of  the  caveaaMt  aad 
Md,  an  the  part  of  the 
•tc,  t«  bt  wepMttvety 


CONVEVANCES. 


•kaerved  and  parformad,  tha  aald  A 

unto  the  eal<r  C.  D.,  hie  esaeutera,  etc.,  all  real 
•atate  and  bislldlnga  (which  an  now  litid by  iha  tald 
A.  B.  andtr  a  Imm  inBled  to  him  by  E.  ¥.,  by  ladan- 
•Ufa  brarln*  data,  etc  )  »       »  .  ■/  "—" 

For  a  term  of yaara,  tnm  tha day  of 

—  »«>  laat  paat,  together  with  all  eaaemenM 
and  apwirtanancaa  whataeever,  to  tha  aaid  prem- 
laee  babnglng.  or  In  any wiee  anpertelnlag ; 

.i.I'.iil'J"^  *•  <">W  «h«  aaW  pramlaaa  with 
their  appurtananeee,  to  the  aald  C.  O.,  hia  exec- 

utora,  admialatratoro.  and  aae'ina,  from  the 

day  of-—  now  Uat  paat,  for  the  fUll  term  of 

yaara  end  thrao^uartere  of  another  year,  want- 
ing two  daye : 

Tialdlag  and  paying  Iharafor  yearly,  and  every 
yw.  dunag  the  aaiS  tarm  hara^  gianted,  asT^ 
cept  the  thrM  laet  quertere  of  a  year,  wMtlog 
two  daya,  unto  the  aaid  A.  B.,  hia  aaccutore,  etc. . 

quarterly,  beainaing  on  tha  — •  day  of  the  praa- 
tnt  month,  clear  ofaU  deductiAoa  for  Uaaa  or  on 

JSltS^iSf**"*'  V*  «»»  the  mat  three  qmr- 
tara  of  a  year,  waaUag  two  daya,  of  the  eald 
tarm,  the  reat  or  aum  of doOarctobe  pay- 

SS«':idi»".tf  <•*»«»•»•  "  •fenSrid, on'th'a 
""'^  M  •■  *•*  "••oner  aa  feUewai  the  cum  of 

?hi'ii2*J?.?  remaining  aum  of  —  dollara  on 
gnnteSl    ^         ""*  •    ""  •***  ***  '•"•'•y 

CownANT  TO  Fat  tmi  Rint  RcMmvao  ar  tmi 

•M.  .     .^  .      OBioiwAt  LaAta. 

That  aaid  A.  B.,  iUa  eaeeutora,  ett..  will  oav  or 

'.^o\Js?o«?:sra;sim's5Th.i5f.'-';t- 

aS^SSSHSZ  i!r  •»•«"••  «»4«mni«ad  againat 
the  payment  af  the  aame  rent,  and  the  aerlbrm. 

Sii2;SSfKi?/ifi^*  '•"wntt.eondlSone 

^iir**"**"'?  •"  •  ■     'f «   -etothacovenaata 
condlllona  aad  agrv.^      ,&•    jarotahafaii 
totaad, and oughtlob;  ^H^'^"-*'^ 

aS^ASB^  •veryroMo^SLI^^.^'i'^ 

anire,  the  eald 

indheroln- 

hlaheira. 


.-  -iweryed  and  performed 
•  executora.  adminiatratora, 


US 

doee,  hereby  grant  and  demlee  ante  lhe<eld  B. 
r.,  hia  axaeulora,  edminlttrator*  and  a«(lgna,  all 

all  that  place  or  parcel  of  around,  ate,  with  tha 
warahouaaa,  offlcaa  or  bulldlnga,  and  other  arac- 

ill  tll.".*»KV'/"''!.'J«.*P''  ""J"*  tharaon  i  and  alao 
all  that  wharf  adjoining  thereto,  now  called  ai  d 

.SSTl.-'l'!"  "•"»•.<>' T-  *">arf,  altuata,  lying, 

and  being  In  .  in  the  county  of  — 1,  airJ 

bounded  Kk,r,/olhw»lh»  dtwHpti,H\,  and  now  In 

Jj!.!^?i;'*'*J'""  ••'-:-•  •'"'  •"  *••>'«►•  ••'<«  h"««n- 

tamenta  and  pramiaaa  are  more  particularly  da- 
Mribed  or  dehneatad  in  the  map  or  plan  drawn 
A-? -iil?"/i?'"  *'  (•»•  aaMxcd  10)  theae  praaanta. 
iVilii!*  *•••  "«••"•  enjoyment  of  alf  tha  ma- 

and  thinga  which  now  are  in  or  upon  tha  aaid 
f  Li*?"?? '  •"f  '!••.  P«»ticulara  whereof  are  apaci- 
Bad  in  tha  echedule  hereto  annased  : 

iJr.S.l!VAf."l."  •'"''•  *•>•  •^'"'  P'«mlMe  herein- 
before  demleed  or  eapraaacd  ao  to  ba,  unto  tha 

!fii.  >Jl'  "iv  •"•«"to"'  •,«»™ln««tratora  and  aa- 

aigna,  from  the  -—  day  of ,  for  tha  term  of 

——yeare  thenceforth. 
Yielding  and  paying  therefar  yearly,  and  every 

%IL —  *2"""l  ^  "^"V  h«"-y«irly  pavmanta,  on 

..Mn.!^"  sill"-.  '^^.•'•'•»'  '5'  hlmaalf,  hie  hein  s 
in -Sl-"^'  ;*»•"  •tr«oi»  and  aaaigna,cavenani» 
In  manner  following : 

.  J.'^-I?*-'*.'''  *•  ^••.•?'*  •"•eutora,  admlniatnt- 
tora  and  aaaigna,  ehall  and  will  (ktrtMUwi  • 
tov*m>Htt»  iyf  nnt  mndtmjtn.rtt.)  "^ 

That  aaid  C  P.  ahaU  and  will  at  all  timea.  dur- 
ing  the  eald  term,  at  hte  and  their  own  coete,  aa 
?&?u.*'  •''••'on  •*•»  require,  welt  and  eUfl- 
clen»«y  repair,  aupport,  maintain  and  beep  In 
f*o4.,.M>'  MbetaatUl  repair  and  condition  tie 
awoUinga,  wharf,  machinery. and  premiaea  ha? 


w;b;u.,BraeMCtttera,ete.,oi  ^  ,«, 

tn*  Brtt  part.  C.  o.,  of  — ,  laeaor  or  other  nadu 
Wded  halfo/ KmlSa^^thTlSeiSd^^^ 
*iiiy  •» •  "■>e«.  of  tho  third  aart. 

taoaata  la  commaa  la  equal  ahmw  i  """'■^'  •• 
Aad  wheaaaa,  tha  aaU  A.  B.  and  C.  D.  hava 

.  J^  *;-*?^!t^*^  •>  ">»  »•"*  l»«reiaafter  ra- 
^I!r  ^  ^  !^  !2?5?*l  iMreinafter  coa- 
'■"•■■♦  aad  an  tha  part  of  the  aaid  K.  v    hia 


S.'^""?."'  •'P'!^!^^  ••  *•  be.and  aleo  all  oth  ir 
time  during  the  eald  term  6e  erected  and  an  up  « 

auchgood  and  aubetantial  repair  and  conditio  i. 
ahati  and  will,  at  the  uplrationV  othw  eooB  a 
determination  of  the  aaid  term  of —war? 
Ptaceabhr and qidetly  aurrandar  and  give  upuni o 
S^ !!it.-.&  ■"*  *^  p..  their  haira  and  amigni. 
to.'TSS'^'Sdr"* ''•^  *^*'""- •*""«"^ 

dJ^MdfhSlTr'i?'  "^w.  *i  't»"«7»>y  "treed  and 
2R.i1S!2J,- Jf^  "^*  f  •  Sl'»*»  •"•cutere.ad- 
2l^^S5i-S.*' Wto"''5""  »•  *o"lroue  of'de- 
or  theta-  am yeara  of  the  aaid  term,  and  of 

IffJJ."  *"•  •f'*  *•  ■•  •"*  C.  D.,  reapectlvely.  or 
their  reapective  holra  or  aaelgm,  -^  ioentha* 
previoua  neUce  in  writlng.a^ahall  pay  and  die- 
fSil**  i'  f*^?^  ^  '«"•  •'w'  Pirt&rm  aU  the 
!S*S?'?**  *welnbefcre  contained,  aad  on  hia 
^^1^  ilT*  ^  •*  obaerved  and  aerfbrmed, 
iff/Sl'S/"^  eaae.at  the  espiraron  of  the 
l^SJSki!?-*tzr  y«»ra.thie^preaant  laaaa,  and 

'•iTw'iSiir^siejfl'ei^!."*'"*'  •^  """^ 


— K«    /  Limijtr  yintrt. 

_I?"*..ft*"*"*5''  «>f*«y«nce.  Indenture.  #r)  laaao. 

vrjjhold  forthe  term  of yeara  fhim  the  date 

lliS*l^v1.r"*  ^^'?'  *!>«r«ft»r  yearly  on  every 

SIT-  .£•■  »'!h'»»«  «nd  Payinn  thgMfor,,during  the  said 
laon  the  yeariy  rant  of dollari,  in  Iwo  equal  lami- 


324 


CONVEYANCES. 


That  h«  will  pay  tha  mM  rant  In  maaaar  afara- 
aald; 

That  k«  will  dffllvar  up  tha  pramlMa  to  tha  aaid 
A.  B.,or  hi*  ittornay,  paacaably  and  quiatly  at 
tha  and  of  tha  aaid  larm,  In  aa  (ood  condlllofa  aa 
tha  aama  now  ara,  or  may  ba  pat  Into  by  tha  aaid 
A.  ■.,  raaaonabia  uaa  and  waar  and  tear  tharaof 
and  Ara  and  tthpr  caaualty  axcaptad  ; 

That  ha  will  pay  all  taxaa  and  dutlaa  lawfully 
lavlad  and  Impoaad  an  tha  pramlaaa  damlaad 
durlna  tha  aaid  tarm ; 

Thai  ha  will  not  do  or  aulTtr  any  waata  In  tha 
damlaad  pramlaaa ; 

That  ha  will  not  nndarlat  tha  aama  or  any  part 
tharaof,  nor  parralt  any  othar  paraon  or  poraona 
to  occupy  tha  aama  or  any  part  tharaof,  nor 
maka  or  auflSir  to  ba  mada  any  aharation  tharaln, 
without  tha  eonaant  of  tha  wald  A.  B.,  or  hia  aa- 
algna,  for  that  purpoaa  la  writing  Arat  had  and 
obulnad: 

That  tha  aaid  A.  B.,ot  hIa  attomay  or  asant, 
may  antar  tha  pramlaaa  for  tha  purpoaaa  of  vlaW' 
Ing  or  making  Improvamanta  at  raaaonabia  Umaa 
In  tha  daytlma.  (OlA*r  cUuuti  m^  it  tnurltd 
mtc^nHmg  U  timmitane*:) 

IlIORTQAOBS  are  condilional  convey- 
ance* {  conveyances  of  esiatea  or  property  by 
way  of  pledge,  for  the  lecuriiy  of  debt,  and  lo 
become  void  on  payment  of  it."  It  it  an 
eatate  created  by  a  conveyance  absolute  in 
form,  but  intended  to  lecure  the  performance 
of  tome  act  (generally  specified  in  the  convey- 
ance at  the  condition,  etc.),  such  at  the  pay- 
ment of  money,  and  the  like,  by  the  grantor 
or  some  other  person,  and  to  become  void  if 
the  act  is  performed  agreeably  to  the  tenns 
prescribed  (in  the  conveyance  or)  at  the  lime 
of  making  such  conveyance." 

All  kinds  of  property,  real  or  personal, 
which  are  capable  of  an  absolute  tale,  may  be 
the  subject  or  a  mortj|age;  rightt  in  remainder 
and  reversion,  franchitet  and  choee*  in  action, 
may,  therefore,  be  mortgaged.  But  a  mere 
possibility  or  expectancy,  as  that  of  an  heir, 
cannot.* 

Both  real  and  personal  property  may  be 
mortgaged,  and  in  tubttantiany  the  tame  man- 
ner, except  that  a  mortgage  being  in  iu  nature 
a  tranafer  of  title,  the  laws  respecting  the  ne- 
ceuity  of  poatetaion  of  penonal  property  and 
the  nature  of  inttmuento  of  tranafer  being 
different,  reauire  the  tranifer  and  conveyance 
'  to  b«  made  aifferently  in  the  two  cates. 

Mortgages  are  to  be  ditl^nguithed  from  tales 
with  a  contract  for  repurcbaiei  the  distinction 
is  important,*  but  tnmt  rather  npon  the  evi- 
dence in  each  case  than  upon  any  general  rule 
of  dittinction.< 

A  mortgage  diffisrt  from  a  pledge;  the  gen- 
eral property  paitea  by  a  mortgage,  whilst  ^ 
a  pledge  only  the  potaession,  or  at  most,  a  spe- 
cial property  pastes.    Poateation  is  intepariAle 

1-4  Kmt.  Comm.  138.    a-t  Vathb.  R.  Pnp.  47$- 

■  <*•;  7 

_,.  .,, ^.  4  Pick. 

S^  Mo.'sib;   }  Johns.  tjA;   10  Id.  741:   la  Id. 
.,. ;  •  Pick,  tfio :  ■  N.  H.  13 :  s  Vi.  vf :  >«  ^'-  *»• 

S.ftM.  ja7:  13  Ala.  146;  loPlck.  sSo;  to  tto.  sai. 
«-i«N.H.aos:  7MM-M4:  11  E.  L.  ft  B.  sa4.S.C.: 
7Exch.  ai.  tr.i$Ms.  4t:  »  Mm.  3*:  aoVtil. 
W-4  Btockf.  4SS.    s-3  n£r.  tlsi  i«  Pick. 4««i  sjllc. 


■1-4  Kent.  Comm.  138.  a-t  Wathb.  R.  Pnp, 
•-•  Story  Eq.  Jar.  | loi* ;  4Kaol. Coaai.  144 :  1 : 
•11  Mortg.  17,  .3:  3  Mot.  Ch.  «67.  »-«  CSi.  4* 
WaKt,40t,     4-<  Blackf.  113:   13  John*.  103:  4  I 

•  u«  ■■-<■       ftflik       bhA  ■         m        f  AfsuBa       saS  .        __      U       _  .—    . 


549 
146 


from  the  nature  of  a  pledge,  but  it  nU  neces- 
sary to  a  mortgage.' 

TRANSrKR  or  PUtONAL  moPEiiTY  by  way 
of  mortgage  is  a  common  class  of  transfers  on 
condition,  and  is  regulated  by  statute.    A  mort- 
gaR,'  of  personal  ja-operty,  like  that  of   real 
esiiiie,  may  (in  the  absence  of  a  statute  other- 
wise) coHHiM  of  an  abiK>lule  bill  of  sale;  and  a 
separate  instrument  of  defeasance  given  at  the 
same  time.*    An<l  although  the  bill  of  sale  is 
abxolulK,  and  no  wnting  of  defeasance  is  given 
back,  parol  testimony  is  still    admiuible  to 
prove  that  it  was  intended  only  as  collateral 
security.*    It  is  well  seltird  that  mortgages  of 
pervinal  property  need  not  be  under  seal,*     In 
the  absence  of  stipulations  lo  the  contrary,  the 
mortgagee  of  i>ersonal  property  has  the  legal 
title  thereto,  and  the  right  of  powestion ;  and 
he  may  have  an  action  against  any  one  taking 
them  from  the  mortgagor.'    And  parol  proof 
is  not  admissible  to  show  an  agreement  that  the 
mortgagor  should  remain  in  possession,  the 
mortgage  itself  being  silent  upon  the  subject.* 
And  although  the  mortgage  contains  an  express 
stipulation  that  the  mortgagor  ahall  cemam  in 
possession  until  default  of  payment,  and  with 
a  power  to  tell  for  the  mortgage  debt,  the  mort- 
gagee may  neverthel«»t  tutuin  trover  against 
an  officer  attaching  the  goods  aa  the  property 
of  the  mortgagor.*    As  between  the  morlgmgw 
and  morigagtt,  a  mortgage  is  valid,  although 
there  be  no  delivery  of  the  property,  and  no 
possession  by  the  mortgagee,  or  deposit  of  the 
mortgage  in  the  proper  office  for  record./    But 
at  to    creditors,  luoaequent    pnrchaaert   and 
mortgagees  in  ^ood  faith,  the  mortgagee  mutt 
have  and  rttam  the  poaaeation  of  the  mort- 
gaged property,  or  the  mortgage  acknowledged, 
mutt  be  recorded  in  the  proper  office  in  the 
county  in  which  the  property  conveyed,  or 
a  greater  part  thereof,  shall  be.    Such  record 
is  equivalent  to  actual  delivery  and  continued 
poasestion  of  the  property. 

A  MOKTCAQR  MUST  BB  IN  WIllTtNO  when  it  it 

intended  to  convey  the  legal  title.*  It  most  be 
in  one  tingle  deed  which  containt  the  whole 
contract.  In  the  abience  of  a  ttatute  to  the 
contrary  it  may  be  in  two  teparate  inttrunestU 
— the  one  containing  an  ebaolute  conveyaace 
and  the  other  a  defeasi!  (x;*  and  generally 
whenever  it  it  proved  ti.at  a  conveyance  was 
made  ft*  the  puipotet  of  tecurity.  it  will  be 
treated  at  a  mortgage,  and  all  the  incidcnto 
thereof  atucbed  thereto.*  The  defeasance 
mutt  be  of  at  hi|^  a  nature .  m  conveyance 
to  be  defeated.*    The  rule  a.  to  the  admiiBian 


H.  $$;  »  Story,  4<S 
to.    ai-3  Johns.  Ch.  .^,   . 
7I4.  s4iaMa.  i}it  II  Id 


,  .  •Oimh. 
A.  1I9;   ij 


3WaU^,~iMT6M.'«s. 
t  Dm.  Iq. 


It  Id. 


(N.J.)il.    •-ifcna.  s 
Johas. sm:  3  Wand.  soS 

J?* '..%■*■»••-<»•;  if= 

I^WhMt^;  iHav.  Ill:  itld.  i»i , 

**♦'  '  &?%*'  /  *^f  •  »«•!  i  *••  *•  4»«i  n  vi 

M3;  I  Md.ai.8J«;  S  Id.  sol;  i  Mufphy.itd;  10 
Vei«.  3»« :  I  J.  J^Ntoti,  353:  S  IB.  is6  "  4  W  loi : 
«Piik,9«;  Nt>Uo,4«4;  36 Ms.  Ill;  iCol.sn:  1 
Wi».  JV7,-  9  8.  *R.    434.    •-■  N.  ft.  39;  ij  Hdc. 


•  pledge,  but  it  nu  necet- 

RSONAL  PROPERTY  bf  Way 

nmun  clou  of  Iranifcn  on 
;ulate(l  by  tiatute.    A  mort- 
mptriy,  like  that  of   real 
ilwence  of  a  italute  other- 
ilwolule  bill  of  sale;  and  a 
of  (lefeaiance  given  at  the 
Ithough  the  bill  of  tale  in 
/i»^  of  (lefcMance  ii  given 
ny   is  atill    admiuible  tu 
mended  only  aa  collateral 
xettltHi  that  raortgagn  of 
ed  not  be  under  leal.*     In 
Inlloni  to  the  ^.-ontrary,  the 
lal  property  has  the  legnl 
■■  right  of  po!ise«sion ;  and 
on  against  any  one  Uking 
ragor.*     And  p«rol  proof 
bow  an  agreement  that  the 
emain  in  pojisession,  the 
;  silent  upon  the  sub|ect.* 
itgage  contains  an  esprcM 
mortgagor  ahall  cemam  in 
lult  of  payment,  and  with 
e  mortgage  debt,  the  niort- 
leu  sustain  trover  against 
thr  goods  as  the  property 
K%  between  the  mor(g»g»r 
rtgage  is  valid,  although 
'  of  the  property,  and  no 
rtgagce,  or  deposit  of  the 
er  office  for  record.'    But 
«equent    purchasers   arid 
faith,  the  mortgagee  must 
s  poaaesaion  of  the  mort- 
!  mortgage  acknowledged, 
the  proper  office  in  the 
B  property  conveyed,  or 
r,  shall  be.    Such  record 
il  delivery  and  continued 
perty. 

'  u  IN  vntiTiNQ  when  it  is 
e  legal  title.*  It  mast  be 
vhich  contains  the  whole 
lence  of  a  statute  to  the 
1  two  separate  instruneau 
[  an  ebsolute  conveyance 
easa  «;•  and  genenlty 
d  til  at  a  conveyance  was 
M  of  security,  it  will  be 
(e,  and  all  the  incidents 
sreto>  The  defeasance 
Mture .  je  conveyance 
'■  rule  a..  <o  the  admiaaion 


CONVEYANCES. 


H.  )j:  (Story, 
|o.    -  —  • 


:  aOnMii. 


».    «-a  lohm.  (^.  ity;   13 
7  Id.  14!:  •  Ma.  I}*;  II  Id. 

w;  3Wati(,iMs<M.«». 

it;  It  Id.  139:  *Dw;lb|. 


lit;  It  Id. 
Id.  jot;    I  MBf^y.iiC;    10 

,3S3;  sin. is<;  4iMi.  101: 

:  36m*.  lis;  iCai.am;  1 
14-  ••■  N.  ft.  39:  13  PUk. 
.  mt;  a  Johns.  Ch.  191;  j 


af  parol  evidence  to  establish  the  character  of 
a  conveyance  varies.* 

AssiUNMBNT  of  mortgages  must  be  made  in 
nccor^ance  with  the  requirements  of  lla- 
statutes  of  frauds. 

Satisfaction  of  mortgages  upon  real  or  pei- 
«on4l  property  may  be  either  j 

'   7^^^  •"  f"*^   "P*"   "»•   mun^n  of   the 
record  thereof,  signed  by  the  mortgagee  or  hist 
attorney,  assignee,  or  personal  represcnlntive, 
acknowledging  the  satisfaction  of  the  mortKage 
m  the  presence  of  the  recording  officer;  tr 

a.  Bv  a  receipt  indorsed  ujKjn  the  mortgaoe, 
signed  by  the  mortg&gee,  his  agmt  or  attorney, 
which  receipt  may>8  entered  upon  the  margin 
of  the  reco'-d  j  w 

3.  It  my  fak  discharged  upon  ihe  record 
(hereof  whenever  there  is  presented  to  the 
proper  officer  an  instrument  acknowledging  the 
.talisfactlon  of  tuch  mortgage,  executed  by  the 
mortgagee,  his  duly  authorised  altorneyin- 
fact,  ass!(p-,ee,  or  persona)  reprisentative,  and 
acknowledged  in  the  same  manner  as  other 
mstnimenu  afTectins  reni  estate. 
See  Mortgage  For  mo,  below. 

„  ,      ALABAMA. 

MortMM  or  i«al  and  ptnional  property  nn  miwllv 

»jM»MUiW  by  aMlgiim«inoroth«rwl.rto  ihe  mowy 


m 


?a^rT'^ii:s:^^.:. 


Mcurod. 

Aeknow.-.. ^„,  „  „„„ 

Bawutloa.    Sam.  m  Daaos,  abovt. 
».ij?"S'^"/*  *"•«»«  «l>«  Intervention  of  a  court  bv 

MD«2I?tSj!l'*S??l..'""°*  "orjmp.  their  ttalutory 
Racordina.    Sea  Dnns,  above. 


•liS!"'*'*  **"""•"*  "•'  •»•«•'»•  •  mortimj.  at  ihomh 

Rtcordlnc.    Sum.  »•  Dmii,,,  ,bo». 

•i,r"  1*  "      'i"*.  ■"'.'>"«  ""  '•»•  Ki"!!  ihre*  nor  mora 

iu™i;        ^"'^  """'•  "'*  •'"'"^''•"'••'vliW  bond  wUh 

Sao  OtNBR.\L  Ftmtt*.  post. 

s.ilIL**/****".*'"  ■••'^•"•l  Fi«|»«rly. 

on^^ad'u  'o}':CtZ2:'  """"  •  "•'"•  •"•"•"• 

S«a  Urmihal  Fnami,  po>i. 

Aclinowladgmant.    Sama  ••  DxKii,  »bu'*. 
Kaacutlon.    Sam*  a*  Itnam,  .boy.. 

plThTteiro^Vo!:; '"'  "•""• "'  •"" '»'  ""•  ^ 

Kacordiac.    Saa  Daaoa,  abova. 
«u    .t'"'*"°"J^''  •*  "'•<'•  "'•hin  •<«  "oolha  after 
^'iu!L«I?  ^F*'  •■"•!.•  "  '"  """'Ion. 
aJill  l..?k.  »-5"'*~*  "l"  '•"•  "•I'"  of  'h*  word, 
••gaad  by  iba  raoftinfaa,  and  wnne«,d  by  iha  racmdCT. 

Saa  OamaAL  PoaMs,  poai. 
■•««•»••  t  PwraoNAl  rr«»«r«j. 

•J0»at,  and  olW  dock  of  a  nllroadVauamboal  ma- 

JhlnST  „?i^'  »««•«"  angina., ml  boilan;  mlntaJft:,. 
fiblSSI'  ^^'«  ""^  •""  "•««rl»!i  profc«nonai 
.  S?  "\.l!?^'"*"?y  »""'«y<"»i  phyalclana.  or  din. 

'"«!??'1!!«  '!"»»•  Includin,  grape  ,«!  f,u|,;  ^^iS; 
iHirdcir  ■  ■ 


•  FoRBCunuaa,  abova. 
Saa  GaiiaRAi.  Foatia,  poat. 

djSS^^.2I*P«f?  to  aacuro  debt.or  i^JSe  In- 
*raj«y. art aaecuMd  in  iha kbu-  mmim aiany  other 
rf  .StJSSl!!!^?'  '^Wo'-I  «1«.  with  lb.  3d"  k" 

So*  CtnaaAi,  FOam.  fmu 

SBacuBw.    SaoMas  Dscds.  abova 

""iffSS^I^T^      •>«>«<»"  for  the  arnJim  duo 
t4m  auaeksa'whan  «M  for  Kcoid. 


'I?'  ♦  %™'*J*»i  •  B.  Mon.  n ;  a  Dana,  ioo-  »S  Hi 

S-;  t|%ci;-;.^"ind*i!i^V-~>^3?cl*^-: 

|"UF»  »*o.4i3:_.e  M.mVh  N 
•ana.  M.  isS;  i  R.  I.  30;  3  Rfch. 


I. 


•  »J'S,»*«S.»3  Mlaa. 
"  N.  H  J7I :  Soxt.  (N. 
loans.  Ch.  4*J,  SMi  5 
»  Eq.  iTt,  »5i]  33 


ofnorathanflvatatM  bunCn'  lmtnimi,te""iUmM^ 
«miitu,.,.nd  SatuT.  of.  lAoioraS  lS?«?T.£Mt' 
«y.  caaka.  pipu,  mbaa  aodutaSll.  u.Id  In  lU  ma,  m 

lifk  :».  •  "*••  ''^*  brandy,  fruit  ayrup.  or  luaar 
Ji^o.  !  S=>»^"«a  In  which  Iha  Mme'  I.  ronuSSd  ^ 
ptanoa  and  organ*;  iron  and  atecl  Mfca  ■  ncalatib 

r^Wwoe  of  ilw  mortgagor  and  mong.gae.    a  Their 

SSl^k^'P^"^"''".*"*-  3  "SherJieoflntam' 
and   whan  «i.d»  here  the  aame  ii  p.Yable.    tThi 

sJStr^K^^bi^oiTd'r '' ""- " 

Saa  GanaaAL  Fomms,  poat. 

>!•••*«•»«•  or  lt<>Nl  ProiMrty. 

"-!*        '  C«''«'"'-  FoaiM,  bdow. 

ASj^SfasSarf  ir:.rT:'K?o.rn5:T.^?f «.. 

o^^.teht.li'pr.re.''''*  '"-ortg^-iStt 

..i&t  1  "JioV^^"^  '"'  *"•  ■»°'^'  "  - 

RecordiDg  in  iha  office  of  the  rccordrr  of  the  count* 

fi  nereaaary  to  ba  valid  .g.i„.t  crrditor,.  e°c  ^ 

ml^'^  ^  ilw"**'  """^  *" '''""'  •  «•«« 
Sea  GaMBiAi,  Forms,  pott. 

cojrirBtTVcirr. 

ft5££?Sg!S{a*'^L^~Sr2f;.. 

Kxaciitien.    Same  a*  Dkbus,  abova. 
ofl^'^'*  •»  «*««1  by  bin  in  equity. 

K^r£sLroid"fSte'si:s  /ori.s^pSirt'^ 
}5.^ra'Suf'^';^M-u;i.'  iV?>»s.'  •  ^'^  "^ 

Comm.  143;  I  Waihb.  R.  P»^.  4||r 


.S*7:  4 


J36 


CONVEYANCES. 


k*y  In  ■  bundtnc.  He..  MMy  b«  ili«ftc«gt<l  by  Ih*  owimi 
ln«r«i)r 

PoutMlo*  -nny  Iw  r»"»ln«<l  hv  ih«  miin|iifor. 

ror*cloa<.r«  niiy  >m  cAnucf  m  any  iiim,  ami  lh« 
prutwrt/  (uki  ••,    Milnr  cf  ih«  cmiri. 

AehnowladgiMat.    Sam  aa  Diam.  abo««. 

Baacution.  Sam*  aa  DaaD*.  alrava.  A  iMkult 
ciaina  i«  ■•n«raUy  'naertad 

Foracloaur*  (•  aCKtad  by  proeanllngi  In  tha  tupa- 
r.or  i:ouri  by  wiHl  ai«r/rv /«<->«>. 

Uan  (rf  pMnhaa^nowy  aionnga  duly  raconird  baa 
pr.fcr«m;a  to  any  JiMlgmani  aniaal  iha  aoriaaior  or 
oihar  lian  of  a  data  oaior  la  aucb  moitcan. 

RMordlag  mm\»  wtdiia  alaiy  daya^r  iha  rnort- 
gan  ia  cxacuiad. 

w,nw;3sr  •■"*•'*• '~-'^'-«^" 

Cha  tal  MofttagM  may  b«  aiada  M  nia  ihnw  ymra, 
■uatUracordadTwIthln  un  daya  aAar  aaccutlon.  anj 
radonad  bona  Ma  br  dabt  or  Indanaliy.  Caa  b<  for. 
clowd  In  aixly  daya  aMar  de&uk.  Ohtrwlia  wnx  aa 
raai  piroparty  nwnmna.     (Manih  ajd,  iSn.) 

Vrm»  OM4la  vr  R«nI  mmI  r«rM»NNl 

Security  fiir  dabu  and  Caaa  are  aada  unMormly  by 
•tada  of  truai,  '    ' 

AchnewladcmaBt,  wbara  raal  propany  la  traaa- 
Hrrad,  aama  aa  UaaiM,  abuva. 

I  ■«•«<»'•«'>•  ,  Saaia  aa  Daimop  Tautr,  above ;  and 
in  wMliion  confer  power  apon  the  truaiaa  lo  aell  upon 
^buli  in  paymanl  of  tha  debt,  nola,  or  lalcreai.  aTiar 
Bivins  noiica  by  advartlaamant. 

RalMM  b  by  deed  oT  releaaa  from  tha  tniaiea. 

Ma.    After  a  tale  under  •  dead  of  Irum  ihaia  la  »o 
radaaptlon  i  and  auch  aala  ia  avoided  by  mill  In  rquli/ 
upaaapaGialgrouadawhlchJuetllyietungaaideiiichula. 
Sea  TausT  Dnim,  above. 

.  lUOBIBA. 

AcliMwIadgmant.    Saaie  at  Daaua,  aboVa. 

Baacution.    Same  aa  Daim,  above. 

Partcleaur*  ia  eAciad  hy  bill  in  equity,  or  by  pail- 
tloa  10  the  circuit  court  of  tha  county  lo  which  the  pruu. 
anylaaiiuaied.  "^  "^ 

Marriatf  women  need  not  Join  unleai  named  aa  a 
■Mrtgagor,  or  untm  It  ia  bar  aeparata  pmperiy. 

Racordiac  la  neceaaary  in  order  lo  be  efleclual 
taaiaat  cred^oia  or  aubaaquent  purchaaera,  etc. 

SottoiiMtion.  Mortcagea  may  be  diacharftd  by  ac- 
ftnowtadBinc  aMiaiacUoa  tSaraof  faafoia  the  derk  Ji  iba 
ctictiit  court  wkata  recorded,  and  proper  entry  upon  the 
record,  or  by  a  iailaracilaa  place  eiiher  indutaed  upon 
the  BorigaM  or  aeparata  tharefron),  didy  proved  or  ac- 
knowiedged  as  a  deed,  ew.,  la  acknowkdgtd. 
Saa  UiMMAii  Foaiu,  poet. 

Chattel  mortiaaea  are  in  tha  Mtuai  ibim. 

rortdoaur*  ia  aama  ^  of  a  mortnga  of  real  prop- 
erty, and  nuat  ba  in  the  county  in  which  the  monmad 
prraarty  may  be.    It  may  be  iWedaead  at  aay  Uma: 

in  the  county  la  which  the  mortgafed  property  thaU  be 
•t  llM  lime  of  the  eaacttilon  of  the  mortgaae,  unlcta  the 
mortgaged  property  be  dellverad  at  thalime  of  the  ex- 
aeuUoB  of  tha  mortgage,  or  within  twenty  daya  there- 
after,  to  the  mortgagee,  and  ahall  continue  lo  lamaia 
iruhr  and  Umt  Ai&  iu  hia  poaaauion. 

They  are  admiljed  to  ncord  upon  the  aame  proof  aa 
real  property,  or  by  proof  bdag  made  upon  oath  by  at 
•^i"?*  'I*^^  P*X»?">  '»'«"•  "*  recoidin«  officer, 
of  the  bamlwrlilnt  of  the  mortgagor,  in  caaea  in  whicit 
ihera  ia  no  atlcauMr  witaeaa. 

Saa  OminAL  roam.  poat. 


AckoawMfSrat.    Same  aa  Riroa^riMwe. 

Bmcutibn.    Same  aa  Dhim,  above,  in  priae 
a  witneas. 

rotMlomiM  ia  ellbewd  by  petition  to  the  aaperior 
aogit  oftha  couMy  in  which  the  property  ia  ailuatad. 

Kacording  muat  ba  within  one  awodi  ftom  data. 

MiM  are  made  b«  the  aheriiT  ^nder  the  aama  nnila- 
rn  aharlr'a  iaiea  under  execution. 

S««  OnnnMu  room,  poat. 


No  parilciilar  form  la  n«i«a»ary,  to  the  ganctal  r» 
qui'<iia»  an  ambrai  iil. 

Porecloaura  i»  elTccKd  by  ihe  pnper  affliUvit  of  ih« 
inurigiigc«(,ir  hia  ai^i^nca  ,  hia  agtnl  or  ailnriwy  b.' 
for*  any  officer  of  lh«  huie  aiiih..ru«l  lu  a<liniiiiiiirf 
oiiiha,  aic,  aialiiig  iha  aniuum  of  prmcipal  iiml  Ihumhi 
due.  And  tha  murigar'  and  tiKh  afRJiivli  aniMncil  !»•. 
Ing  prodiictd  bcfura  a  jiulga  -A  lli«  tiiucnor  ccwi.i  of  ih< 
cireiiil  ambraciiig  iha  cuuiiiy  in  which  ihe  inorigagMf 
renldtt,  nii  ,  wherciipMn  an  urder  la  grained  dccl^irii.a 
lh«  mortgage  foraclu.W,  and  the  clerk  la  diracia'l  to 
itiua  axacuUon. 

See  Gbmbhal  FoBMa,  below. 

Acknowlidgnnent  (k  lla.nording*aiiira>  Ira,. 

.s.ttS*  ««•»*<»<«•«••  •'  looda  may  ba  it. 
the  following  form,  aubatantlaily: 

Tha  mortgagor  (here  iimen  nuini:  or  niimaal,  mort- 
f  Ntoa  and  warraota  to  'h«re  In.trt  name  or  m.ni>i 
of  ainrtgagec  or  inorigageea),  to  a<cura  tha  ptv- 
Biant  01  (here  r..clt«  the  nature  and  amount  of  inti><'t. 
ediiaa.,  nhowing  when  du«,  and  rale  of  Iniereal.  and 
whelhar  aeciired  by  note  or  uiherwUe)  tha  following 
daacrlbad  raal  aaUta  (here  InMrt  deicrlplon  ihere- 

yfiV  •'"»•»«*  ">  «»»*  County  oi .and  State  of 

Illloola.*  A   B   II    V  I 

Dated  thla-d«y  of ,  A.  D.  ---."' '         ' 

"Kvcry  such  mortgage,  when  u(h::rwl««  properly 
execuie.1,  »hall  be  deemed  and  held  a  (i<).,d  and  luf^ 
clem  mo  gage  in  fee  to  Mcure  the  payment  t.(  moneyn 
Uierein  specined ;  and  If  ihe  name  cowulni  ih<  word, 
"1?  *■"»'"•"  '"«  •"">«  "hall  •>«  '  nn-trued  the  some 
aa  If  ItiU  coveiuinta  of  acijin,  good  right  to  convey 
aninal  Incumbrancea,  of  qtiici  enjoyment  and  geoenl 
afhrraoly,  aa  eapmaed  in  Section  nine  (ty  .,( ihU  Act, 
were  funy  writtwi  therein ;  but  if  the  woroa  "and  war- 

"Tfj..*^"?'"*^'  ""  *"*=••  covenanw  ahall  be  im- 
plied.      K.  8.  i|»7,  Ch.  jj,  p.  tji. 

•      ".^S* .''''•  ?•■•»•  P-  »7«.  sac.ii    .  .  ante. 

in  adaltloa,  the  mortgage  may  contain  a  power  of 
ula,  Bulhorlitng  the  mortgagee  to  (brecloae  by  puUi 
adon  of  notiM,  a^  may  alao  conuin  a  provUion  au- 
thoHaing  the  Sheriff  to  exe^-uie  ihe  puwcr  ofaale. 

2Porocloatir«  b  by  acire  Ibclaa  or  biU  la  equity. 
•dmBDtfon  aHMt  ba  witkia  om  year  oftala. 
■tiaftMtian  ia  bv  eMry  M  the  auugia  oftka  MeonL 
oraByioanuBaatariaiaaaabyikaBongagaa. 


Bmmtm  an  preAired  genmaSy. 
MortarMTMi.of  l*<mMMHil  laroi 

Are  in  the  ua^-al  form,  and  are  liaiiiad  to  e  yean. 
AckBowMgaiant  la  required.      Peroclomira  U 
eihciad  on  default:  delay  invalidaica  mongageea  Hen. 
^  _  IlTMAirA. 

AchnowMgraaat.    Sam*  aa  Ouoa,  abova. 

Baaeutton.    Same  aa  Oaau,  above. 

Peraekwur*  U  effected  upon  any  breach  of  condi- 
tion, or  default.  If  the  pmperiy  ia  nut  diviaibic.  Judg- 
ment May  ba  nmlcrtd  for  iIm  whole  debt,  both  for  itw 
amount  due  and  the  l,iaialmcnia  aubeequently  ui  iall 
due,  rebating  hilentt 

Any  mortgage  of  landa  worded  In  aubaunee  aa 
wilow*:* 

.  "^•..■- »«f*f  •»••  •"*  wamMMa  to  C.  D."  (*rr» 
Amrtit iMt  frnuM),  "to  aacura  tha  rtpaymant 
of"  (*#r#  rftitt  tk*  tam/tr  tMlarA  lA*  mSrhat*  " 
gr»ntid,  «r  tlu  mtitt  er  »iiur  tvithmen  ^  JHt.tr  d*~ 

The  laid  mongigf  beiiw  dated,  and  duly  aigncd, 
lealad,  and  acknowMtnTby  the  grantor,  thaU   be 
I  and  held  a  good  and  auAcieni  mrmgagii  lo  the 
I.  hie  bain,  aaaigna,  executon,  and  admiaiat 


ISrantea 


urancee,  nie  oein,  aaaigna,  execut..., _... 

l'>n,  with  warruity  firem  the  gimntor  and  hia  iaal  ren 
rcaenuiivea,  of  aperiecttiilcTn  th 


._ — _....„,  y.  .  ^..«v. ...,«  11.  the  grantor  and  Main>t 
all  pravioua  incambrancca.  If  ia  the  above  fena  the 
worde.  "and  warrant"  be  omitted,  the  mengageabaU 
be jood,  but  without  warranty.*  ^^ 

Raoordiiw.    See  Iftaoa,  above. 

Satiatection,  where  the  mortgage  ia  fbrecloead  and 
Judnieiit  aaU  or  aatiaSed,  ia  lauacdlaialy  aaterad  by 
thaelerfc  <f  the  ciroul  court  on  the  reeord  in  ika  iv 
soidar't  oSko  whaia  the  mortgage  ia  recordad. 
•.K.e.iM>,  1*9,0. 


■KiitOKfy,  to  i)m  gtiMtal  ra> 

il  by  lh«  proper  ■ffl<l««||  oflht 
•  ',  hU  *(kiil  ur  nitKriMy.br 
Ult  •llllli>tli«l  lu  Klminialrr 
lUUItl  ol  pfiillipal  illld  llilt.ri  tl 
■sill  uuh  iilKiJioli  inmiiicU  br. 
■«  of  ili«  kii^rior  cmi.  I  oT  lh< 
uia.Y  III  which  iha  mortiaiui 
■II  order  ii  griitiid  dtcliiriig 
•ml  iha  clerk  I*  cUrtcie-i  ig 

L  Form*,  betuw. 

Jt««t  ■>rop«rty 

R«>^(irdinf  •vm*  M  I  mi, 
«#■  af  tanda  may  ba  ti. 
baiantlally: 

lueri  iiHiiK;  iir  numee),  tnort- 
!here  liutrt  name  or  iu.iii«i 
tat),  la  sacura  iha  pty. 
iKIiire  uidI  aDiiiiiiii  u(  iml>  C|. 
!,  and  nii<!  of  Interni,  (ml 
ir  utherwUc)  tha  following 
lere  Inwrt  dtirrip'lon  ihere- 

xaty  oi ,  an«  Stata  o( 

A.  B.  IL,  B.J 

,  when  uth^rwiac  properly 
1  and  held  >  iiuMd  and  tup. 
cure  ihe  paymirnt  of  moneyii 
he  aame  coiilaina  ihe  woriU 
■hall  he  ■  oiolrued  ihe  svune 
iiin,  good  right  to  convey 
liilel  clOoymeiit  and  Kcner  tl 
Section  nine  (<j'  ,,i:  ihU  Aci, 
;  but  if  the  wiirm  '  'and  «ar- 
ch  covenanu  thall  ba  Im- 

aj6,  aec.ii   .  .  anse. 
ige  may  contain  a  power  of 
gagec  to  (btacloae  by  publi- 
alto  conuin  a  provUion  au- 
1  :ute  tha  puwer  of  ula. 

bciai  or  bill  la  aqully. 
Ilkia  OM  yaar  oTtala, 
oa  iht  wugia  ofiha  neanL 
I  by  ika  Boitsacaa. 

ladl 


id  are  lUilied  to  ayean,' 
squired.  roraclMiira  U 
ivalidatc*  nHMrtgagaca  lien. 
lAWA. 

R«*i  ^wp»wir. 

im*  a*  Omiw,  almva. 
laaoa,  above. 

upon  any  breach  of  condl' 
upcily  U  nutdivialMe.Judg- 
the  whole  debt,  buih  for  in* 
Imenta  kubacquently  to  Ul 

I  arorOed  in  tubatanea  ai 

wamutta  to  C.  D."  {»*rt 

0  aaeura  tba  rapayintnt 
Mr  iviieM  tkt  m0r(gag*  it 
k*mUtntni/4ttl,0riU^ 
f  t*  ttmrtd;  mb»  iKt  4»U 

1  dated,  and  duly  ilcncd, 
1  by  the  grantor,  thaU  be 
d  MilBcieBt  monaaaa  lo  the 
axaeulon,  and  admiaiitra- 
c  graator  and  hit  kgal  rep- 
li;  III  tha  grantor  and  against 

If  in  tha  above  fma  the 
■  ooiittad,  Iha  BMricagn  tball 
ny.» 
I,  abo««. 

mortgage  it  forecloiad  and 
,  it  iaawdiaialy  anienad  by 
n  en  tha  raeoad  in  ika  iv 
NTtgage  it  molded. 


Ijn^jhfccrton  either  on  the  meryln  of  <U.  rrc..,,!^  .„  by 
••pafala  iaatruateat  duly  achnowledged  and  rtco.d.d 
See  OaMniAi.  ro«Mt,  below. 
Mmwtmm^fm  mt  r«ra«n«l  9wmmw*r. 

Chattel  moncagee  are  in  ihe  iieual  fi.rai    To  be  valid 
'.yy**;"  ■*■  «<^n'»P»nie.l  by  iwniediaie  delivery  and 

nongag*   ia  recorded    In   rvcorder^    oAce  of   cnunlv 

iTlir^lilS'tlS"'"  ""^^  •'"""  '••  "*"•  "^  ""^'^ 

AchnowlalMIiJirt  *S.me  a.  ffe'TiST-bS^e'. 
Baacution.    giune  >a  l)eai»,  above 

Mairlad  woman  need  not  Join  imleet  named  u  a 
*l«  IT^        re'aloej^by  the  mortgMor  unlet,  other- 

Raeordina.    8w  Daaoa,  above, 
tale.  •"   '*"  ""''  **  trfected  wiihla  one  year  afker 

.  liJt*i!lrk**'""' '"  ?••  "f ''"MlMure,  ia  entfred  by  ihr 
ui^nihe«.«i"nof.kl  """'•/n"  "  ""'«  ^  '""^'l 

See  CaNBRAL  FniiMa.  below. 

Ch«..  m«rtg.«.  w.  in  the  u.u.1  fonJT'*"'* 
,h.%!!?i*""[!  ^  •*!*'•''  •«  •"»  "™      Due  nniice 

tr.'^irnK,,'.!:.?'^!"'  of  atlptdatloo,  to  the  con. 
Ht        At  """•'"•  '"  'ne  mortgegea. 

Il  nutt!"  h.  H^wViIi?/""^"  •*"•<•  "PO"  'h*  parties, 
nainj  length  nf  time  aa  It  required  In  caiiea  of  theall^ 
of  like  property  on  executlonTand  the  iSJ"  concfudrd 

«±,«r.h"*""«'.;  '^'  »f>*riff  coiidicHngX  .tie 
eaeculea  to  the  purchaacr  a  bill  of  .ale  of  the  orooerti 

.ti'lnte'rAV^'fe/r  '"  '^  V>^'^^'^»''^^i^^k 

3«  •«'.J£?°=.xX'.;.vi;-,d 

£?;!=orti;.r-i^-jrlu";ri^7h.'tt- 
oftet:.':^'s^»^.'»«>''w-'-  «»-.«-«nc. 


CONVEVANCES. 


m 


iftartala. 
on  tha 


»•  ••.tnuwioM  lo  ina  contrary. 
"WdnJyaafciXjM-ild^iSiJi.'-  "'  «  '-«~- 

•Jit;  ta^i^^:  ^  *»  -« "^i"".  -on. 

■m  __^.°''— **•  *■«*•".  Wow. 

iheJeSfwrZy  hTn^^!rK?^J?°»?"y' "'  "o  ""^h 
COM.  of  taC  l..,5.2!«!I!^  •*  •■••?'V  'ha  mortgwe  and 

p^if;;':ritte**nV,s'jfc.^M?'^^ 

I«tt  four  puWlc  plwt7n  iha  io2;".ki»'  P"**"*  "P  l"  •« 
'he  prapeity  U  tobtMld  «  llS!?*.  "J"  *=""  '"  *••'«•> 
tl.e  laleT^'         °*  •*""•  "  •«"«  ««"  <laye  prtviout  to 

»^a'^''dSwSR^,d^f^'}o!L5t.'^'"'«'l'«^  «•'  •» 
tirnied  pota^  onlf  Ihe  ihllS!^  '*''  *"  ?^'  '"^  <»»■ 

utP^.'g.'i*'  1i-,i"ch.^fi,«lCh.   ,0.  i,  ..,; 


»«a  OaxaBAL  roam,  poet. 

d«lrpo,,a;i"„i;.':a"h"Sdln'i"p^2e::3:^rof^t  o^er  ■ 

c«M(vilv  of  hi',  rl.im  k"'  '"P*'-  '''"•  *««!'•  sue- 
It  broken,  by  reSSn^.«of  h.^    '  '  condiiipn  in  It 

not  ce  to  be  Mrved  nn  tlk!/ J:J!L  "  ?'P>^  »f  tuch 

cf  the  uime  County,  bi  rfill«rin.  kT»  Li-*  i**?"'/ 
orleavlna  It  at  hi  l..i -.j  ■•  ..''* ."'"  '"  •'•''a, 
ihUorii^San^tlwendthe'Shil'S  •'««'•:  •"<'  "uai 
be  r«ca?ded  aMlhl^  ihl«»  ?"*'**l '  """"'  ****"»»>  » 

^r.  ,..  yeaJ-bPaSlSi.?  J?-|!?,J:'  ^-JJ^tf^^ 

.<Jl;?fli'rl:ji^.':?.*^x'{5S!.v!s;r"  :i«x  ^^.^^ 

»fca  giMie.  .nd  mutt  be  licorSld  "^       •'*°'""  "•••  «° 
See  OtNaaAi.  FoaMs,  balow. 


rt  Iks.'"];;  i^ir  ^."'»' "»' 

l^*V""«l>ori»ln!l  tala on  aonfuli 
«le  from  tha  cotni  of  equity  •  •  i 


Acknewiadtmant.'  „.„..  „  _ 

■aecutad   Mune    at    Daana     i.lvi^~'  J™".'  i 

the  court,  who  alvea  bnkJ'  ■."*"'•«"  •PPomted  by 
nuket  uife  thmJ5r?_j  ■  ■'•♦*''«ltet  the  property 
d.I?,etr^°'''~'  '^'^  '"  •*"  court  foTcon-' 

irf&r  ihw  notlia,  «Mt  «lvlikn«Sd  ?«,k  J  „i!'°.^P«*' 
5*0  CanmAi.  roam;  li^w. 


S]l 


CONVEYANCE!. 


I 


Oanai  Mor^pHM  art  In  UH.  bm  In  fwwilM  an 
•tMlvaltm  Mly  wbtlli  oT mI«.    km  ilil*  8 als. 


M  UaaiM,  abova 


A«liiMwl««(mani 


BaMHlton  anSltMoi 


itof4ln§. 

iiiacurion.  'Saiaa  a*  t>a«M,  abova:  with  iha  In 
■anion  of  iha  conHlilun,  wlih  pravulom  auihorliing  a 
aaU  or  ih*  pramltri  in  caM  ul  fttllura  by  iha  at  >rtg«Ki>r 
*D  parferm  iha  condllloa. 

ParMlMura  I*  aihcMd  allhar  by  an  action  ai  law, 
•r  by  awry  and  poaaaaaloa  conilnuad  paaciabiy  kir 
lhn«yaan,ar  alM  by  a  tala  In  actordanca  with  ika 
provtelona  of  ika  powar  in  iha  atoruag*. 

V«4«mplioa  cannoi  ba  nada  a(Ur  a  valid  uk. 

MttafiMtton,  r*l«M«,  or  diacliarga  of  a  mortaaM 
may  ba  on  Iba  Hianiin  ol  iha  tacord,  aa  Mlo««  i 

I.  C.  D.,  aclinewUdga  to  bava  raaalwad  ruil  pay. 
mtnt  and  aattaractloa  tor  Iha  dalH  aacurad  bytha 
wlUila  4«»4  ef  martaaia  hara  racordad.  gtvan  ta 
do  haraky  -arnaal  and  diacharga 


ma  'jtf  A.B., ,  ^„.,. . 

tka  aana.  Wilaaaa  my  baud. 

Saa  QiHaaAi.  foaiM.  balov 


C.  D. 


saa  uaiiaaAi.  roaiM.  balov. 

ClMUd  muriMaa  naad  nM  ba  aelmawladgMi  nor  un- 
d«r  »»al.  Paraabaura  mav  ba  aibciad  at  any  ilma 
wUhlnihaaialuiaaofllmlUilon.  Raaardtna.  Ab»<i. 
kMa  Mlh  of  ula^  Intandad  lu  oparata  aa  aion«a«aa,  muat 
ba  racordad.  ChaiMt  aiortgagaa  muat  ba  racordad  on 
Iha  racorda  ol  tka  cliy  or  town  arhan  tha  monaaaor 
rwldaa  arhan  iha  iMirtcaca  la  mada,  and  on  iha  rccorda 
or  tha  dty  or  lewa  la  which  h«  principally  iraaaacia  hit 
biMlntaj.  irikamonfacorltanoa-iaaldantorihaSiata, 
wan  ih«  r«c<mliBS  amat  be  in  Ui«  elt*  or  town  whara 
tha  propariy  than  la.  Ualau  ao  racordad  tha  niortaan 
la  not  valid  aacapt  batwoaa  pattlaa,  unUaa  tha  mongaaur 
""j!*'J*"*'?^.**«^  poiaaaaion  of  tha  aMrUMad 

AcknawM^Sm.  SaaM  aa  DnuaTabo^.  Ba- 
MaUon.    Sama  aa  DaaiM,  abova;  with  powar  afwUa 

"f!iS!T'' J*  •*~**'***L  ""i  Fataaloanra  la  adhctad 
allhar  In  chaaoary,  or  by  advanlaamam  aadar  a  powar 

"'  "t.\  "•«*»«*iv  *•"»•  "  0«"»«.  •*>o^  TIala 
amy  ba  had  oaa  yoar  aAar  bradoaura  by  a  court  af  chan- 
cary,  and  SAaaa  montha  whan  aold  undar  tha  Miwar 
f  oataiaad  la  tha  atortsaaa. 

tiUafeatioa  or  diacharga  may  ba  by  tka  NMrMgoa 
li  paraaaal  raptaamiatfva,  aekoowladging  vVunia 
In  writlag  aa  Iha  margia  af  iha  lacoril^  piaaJmea  of 
Ib^rtglalar,  or  by  a  writmn  eanlAcato.  duly  acknuwl- 
a<Lnd  aad  racordad  at  kMh  la  Iba  aanm  aiunar  aa  Iha 
orlgiMiaiongaga.    9aa3K«aAi  »o«i«,  batew. 

OiM.1  Hwrtgagm  am  In  tha  moSfiNtm  i^  i,  ab. 
aohilaly«oidi^rBCc«apaai«d  byaa  Imawaiala  da- 
Ivary  oftha  gooda  aad  chauala  mongagad.  aad  a  aoa- 
uauad  poaaamloo  of  iha  aama  by  tha  monaagca.  ualaaa 

•^.^^S'lT  ?•  »'W»M|' «»»  of  tha  lownahip,  or  cliy 
Clark  of  tha  dty,  whara  tka  monga«>r  nddaa 
CoBcaabaml.  diapoaillon,  ambitSaaaal,  o( 
of  propany  thiiamonaaipid  la  a  niadaaMMior. 

forooa  yaar  only.bal  amy  ba  axtanded  from  year  to 

ofaataautkorl«tagfcr8e»oouraKradvaA(*«aai.lBW5eh 
«aa.  upon  •>«  waaka'  pabllcatba  of  iba  ooik;  of  «^ 
praacnbad  by  law.  tha  pramiaaa  may  ba  aoM  to  aa^ 

iriataadad  aa  aaeurity,  wlil  ba  daamad  a  mgitgaga. 

Poraalaaur*  may  U  adbciad  by  an  acHeaai  law 
and  •  Ptnonal  dacraa  obmlaad  in  iha  mma  aetioa 
anlBat  tha  mottgagnr  for  aay  cMdaney  Aom  tha  dabt 

Tha  mortgagm  hm  hia  acUoa  for  a  anteiSmlMom,  km 
1.%™  daaaa  cannot  ba  raa^aiwi  until  ona  yaar  aAar 
HgmaM  hr  dm  amoitai  dua  so  the  aoi^i|a.b 


ftadamptton.  whara  tha  mnngaga  h  lh>a«liind  by 

publlcalliin,  caa  ba  mada  wiihln  o«a  yaar  IVum  Iha  dale 
i4  Hi*  If  foractoaad  by  action  at  law  and  aab  of 
pramiM*  Iha  right  uf  redemption  aapirm  one  yaar  frum 
Iha  dale  <>f  <  nnnrmailoa,  at  which  ttma  tiM  purcbamr  la 
entilWd  to  a  Anal  daciao  c 

■atlafaallon  or  dtaeharg*  of  a  mortgage  la  mad*  hy 
aa  etury  on  ih*  maigln  nf  ih<  record  ihirvnf,  tigned  by 
tha  aKMiuaea  or  hli  Ugal  repnacniail**,  acliBowl- 
edging  MllalMtlon,  etc.  Jao  by  a  Mparai*  inairumani 
Ir  iha  uauai  form,  du',  eaeculed,  acknowtadgad.  and 
racordad  la  tlm  aaa-.  manaar  aa  the  orlglaaJ  mortaan 
Saa  OaHaaai.  Voaita,  bdatr. 

■•r«M|rw  wr  r*MMi«l  Tnpmvty. 

A(hnowla«gmaat  befera  aom*  oAcar  autborliad  m 
Uke  acknowladgnMau  or  a  Iowa  clerk  la  nacewaiy 
1  hey  muat  be  AM  In  tke  oAce  of  the  town  or  cliy  clerli, 
both  when  the  properly  la  tltualed  and  where  tha  mort. 
gaaur  laaMea  at  the  tl-aa  of  the  execution  iharaoC     , 

1  hey  are  valid  only  for  two  yeara  after  data. 
Saa  Canaan  l  FoaHa,  behiw. 

^^^       ■■— |«»iryi. 

Arhnamlalgmaiit  aadlaaattSmir  \imt  at 
paaue,  ahova.  >oraelaaure  la  aibcmd  by  bill  in  aouliy 
In  the  chancery  court  whkh  may  bo  «*d  al  any  limi 
after  lb*  debt  Mrurad  becomaa  due.  Lien  of  ih*  m.n 
pge  altachaa  iMy  from  iha  dale  uf  delivery  to  ih*  d.,  I> 
for  record.  Macording  muat  ba  withhi  (hru  mnmh, 
from  eircution.  latlafactloa.  Upon  receiving  mi 
laikctioB  ihe  mortgagor  ihall  eater  tho  aame  upon  ih> 


MhctioB  Ihe  mortgagor  ihal 

marain  of  iha  reeord^of  the  mortgiM.  imea  which  ih< 
MtblBveita  in  iha  mortgagor.  OMda  eTinMi  am  la 
frvquant  uae  inalaad  of  mortg^m.  They  Mve  ftnoBlui 
ura  proceedlngD. 

See  Oanaaai.  roam,  balaw. 

AahiiowlalgmratrLaauilar  aaS^l^acordiag. 
i"™  2* ."■!"•'.  •'".*•  Foraatoeura  by  acUon  ai 
bw.    aula  after  bradoauia.    GaKaaAi.  roam.  Miw. 


fvwit 
..... «.»  ..a  Iba comama  mrm  orMcurliy. 
Acknewladgmant    and   BaacuUon.     Bama  m 


Truai  dcada  are  iba  comama  Ibrm  ofMCuri 


P.? **■■  *'"■''*    ..TKpropilty'la  conveyed  to  a  tnaiee 

5rpi2i:-b;"d^'^rS;Sr;r 

cradiloi*  ia  order  lo  giva  a  valid  niaaM.  ^^ 
Chattel  aMTlMm  aad  daadoir  ittM  uMVSm 


profarty  an  voU'aa  . 
property  ia  deltvarad  le 


upoa  perional 


agaimt  third  parMma  unlaw  tha 

,.         . ^  aad  pwaamloa  retainad  by  the 

mongagaa,  or  hanaSciary,  or  Inrnwa.  ualem  tha  ii4lni- 
MM  la  racnrdid  ia  tha  essiaqr  wbania  the  gtaalot 

Ara  aaaaiitad  aad  ackaowladgad  Ja^ml.  fcnt. 

maigia  of  the  rwwrd  algaau  Vy  tha  mortgagac  orihit 

IK"^'*;  •'''??',[■  P~«*«  of  •!»•  lacordar  «  hS 
daputy.who  lubKribm  thaaamama  witnma;  aho.t, 
Wm  cartlftcaia  ackaowkdgad  or  provad.aama  w  the 
ovutaal  mangaga. 

SitigfeettoB  muM  ba  amarad  within  wvan  day*  aad« 
poo  paaaky  and  actual  damagw,  ale 

WriMIKAIIKA. 

Same  aa  Dhm,  i^ova.  Evary  daed,  though  abaolaM. 
thown  by  any  other  iaalnimenl  of  wrl^og  lo^  uSmM 
at  a  tacurily  In  tbs  latun  of  a  mongmm.  is  itiiwmlT 
r!gg.  -^«y^«'F«'»«3r  ba  aflSiS  aftar  aa«  da- 


A*  BMnpiga  ta  [„■..„,.. 
^  wlihin  <HM  ytar  frirtn  ih*  i  , 

hy  Milon  ■!  U»  •nd  uk  .. 
ikmiMtiHKiiptiM  un*  yMi  (rot 
I,  •!  which  UiM  Um  punhmft  i 
•  « 

ham  of  •  moit|»j|*  la  m«<l«  hy 
of  |K«  rccftf il  thcr«f>tf,  ttgncfl  hy 

Ugal   nprvMnuil**,  acknuwl. 

<ho  by  ■  Mpanw  tiutruimnl 

•  ■«cul«l,  M-knovUdgmi,  >nd 

•iiMr  M  th*  origlml  ■urtgaa* 

ui.  toaiM,  hitow, 

iMOf«ioHi«  aAc«r  aulhorind  in 
Of  ■  Iowa  ckrh  la  iwcMaary 
I  oAm  of  iha  lo«n  or  city  clark , 
'  k  altuAMd  and  whan  iha  mort. 
a  of  lh«  •locMhM  ihartoC 
ar  two  jroara  aftar  daM. 
\*  L  Foaaa,  balow. 

Md  BaNutioM.  Sa-M  aa 
wura  la  aAcMd  by  Mil  In  «quliy 
'hkh  aay  ba  Mad  ai  any  iima 
Konwa  dua.  LUn  of  ih«  mori . 
ihadaM  ufdallvary  lothacUik 
:  auai  ba  wlihta  (hn.-*  mnnilu 
ractlen.  Upon  racalvlnf  •«■ 
ahaU  oMar  Um  aaara  upon  ih< 
Iha  ■Mrtaaaa.  umi  which  ih< 
l»fof.  D«^  of  rntn  ara  ta 
wnga««a.    Thayaava  iaradoa- 

M.  foam,  balow. 

NMVIU. 

BaMMtUa  ana  Rtcordini. 

roTMlMMira  by  acikm  ai 

ufo.    GaMUUt,  FoaM,  balow. 


CONVEYANCBt. 


MBMB  form  of  aoeuilty. 
tad  Baaeutioa.  SaaM  at 
iparty  la  coovayad  lo  a  iraalaa 
eoavay  tho  propany  abnolMaly 
raractoaar*  or  autt.  Tb««« 
•oradoauiw  or  auit.  Balaaiai 
Mtaaa  Biual  ba  joiaodby  iha 
a  yaM4  wlaaia. 

*^?f  **^^  "r^  pmoaal 
alaai  ibM  panoaa  ualaaa  iha 
ad  poaaawloa  laiainad  by  Iba 
■  — • — 1»«.  aalaaa  iho  iaalni- 
vMrtia  Iha  gtaatot 


aewMmd  la'ib  uawu  Smb. 
IbtrMmforlhaipurpoao. 

My  U,  I,  by  aauy  la  iba 
[oou  by  Iho  mortgatat  or,bte 

il^M.  adinowla^faw 

of  tharacordar  or  h& 


haaamaaawitnaaaj  aho.a, 
M(M  or  provod,  aaoM  m  iha 

niarad  within  aavoa  daya  aadcr 


KAIIKA. 

'  MaM  Wwmmtrtr, 
iaacutiaB  ana  Racardiag. 
Evary  daad,  Ihourik  ahnolaM, 
Bieni  of  wrWog  tu  ba  laMadad 
r  ofa  BMrlMia.  U  deoMd  r. 
nay  ba  aMetwl  aftar  aay  da- 
pdiiloa  m  payaiaai,  aadaak 
<»<iit.    *^" — 'T  riwihl 

t  Mf   ft-U«t,  ttj,  p.  U^ 


■t4ampll«A  I..  HOI  allowad 
tallafbatlan  la  .nt.r..l  by  ih«  mortufa*.  hia  a*. 
•la"^  w  poi»on«l  npr«.nuil*«,  by  aniry  on  iha  mar 

4.>.l  4il«iad  by  Ih,  iTarl,  „,  hi,  ■1.|Hily.  ur  by  ii,,  h  .m,. 

I  canWcaia  ihai  aiich    moMgiiM.    h.i.    hr<„  ,aii.fl..l 

.i|(.«i.j  by  Iha  morm.,ge,.  mLla^mml..),..!  or  p,o,Vi 

111  ih<  tain*  manivr  »t  ;i  <|e«.t  *  t>iu»«u 

tit*  riananAL  Kiaiiia,  balow. 

aivl  lomlniml  ihanga  of  p....r.,i„n,  i.  ,„M  ..  «4|„m 
u..i,i,in   „ibM.|ii«ni  piirehjMni,  ale  ,  unk«  iha  m„rt 

iiiina  omca  of  ih«  cmmty  murt. 

Chaiitl  moritaio*  ara  valid  (Iva  yaara  only  altar  iho 
•ling  ihanof  againai  crtd.tora,  puithaaara  or  aioil- 
t>K—*  in  |uod  bilh 

Foraclutjira  may  ha  affacttd  al  any  ilma. 
il„n!nb-  i?^""*"'""!""^'*  •««  of  Ihajiirivllc- 

Saa  UaNBKAL  Foaiwa.  balow. 

AebnawttJgmani.    S,m.  ..  OaWoTibuJa. 
Baacutlon.    8«m«  >a  U,,m,  .(>..»« 

punSl*  *  '*  •*"'"*  '^  •"  "•'o"  •« '»»  ft"  ihal 

•  fi"!?'",*-   ."■"•  ••  OaaDo.  ahova. 
Iatl«»wt«en  la  m«ifa  in  any  of  iha  uaiial  Ibnna. 
Saa  GiHinAL  FoaMa,  baluw. 
*'ii*«»«raa  cr  l>era«Ri»|  t^rmpmrtr. 


mortfagor 


I  de- 


«ic  ,  unlaM  piMaaulon  of  ih«  pmpeny  moriaaaad  i 

v.,«l  ,o  and  «ulnad  by  ih.'^in!«rigir».    tK  »,crn- 

llon  K,  th«  rtil,  I,  gro»U-  cr.«).,  1*^  of  which  ifa 

mort,.,.  m.i.i  h,  „«ui33,  acKiwIcd^S.^nlni^onlid 

In  Iha  prupar  offica.    Saa  brmm.  "^oniau 

Saa  CBMBaAL  FoaM*.  balow. 

■aacutad  aama  aa  Daam  aboTa,  with  condlilona  e«. 

^^  Z'lgt'f  dt':-^""  """"^  o'-o-y " -r^. 

Z  »SL'?SI  ^£^"5  °'  '."*      »   »y  P««"«iria  an- 

r!IS!!  ir  r"*  <f  .'«'•"»«'«•  ••  -  »P»rod.  J.  By  publi. 
,iiX^-!fT.*"'i.'^  '^  -ortgiw  In  a«ual  pi..  ,. 
<^on,  gliring  noiica  ihai  aftar  a  carlaln  apcdflad  d^T ,  .,i 

^^rS  ?  'li^  *^^  ""  '"^  purpoaaoffcracUura 
and  by  raulalot  aenul  poaaaaalon  of  iha  pnmlaaa  for 

fcSj'SF"    SanM  aa  Daaoa,  abo»a. 

.ni.«d  ^?.k1*J^  "Oljolo;  auchdUchargiahoiild  ba 

r;Sz*5?  rS"ofl.^«ry"' "  "^  "•"**  "^ 

8«a  OtNaaAL  Foam,  below. 

.ii^S!L"iS2^SL;:"  "•"±2!.'  *'"'*  •• » t»lw  w- 

iiaa,  uniaaa  iha  propany  or  aooda  BMHtaacad  ara  ddl*. 
.r«i  10  and  poa.^lon'h«l  W^^^SniS^  ihT  S^ 

..  -  ^  Vu    ••*•  ••*"  **»^  '»»•  '»<>n»igor  raaidaa. 

»    *~        '?y^'*    "•  «!»'1*<*«'»n«»«  party,  li  may 
"'    adbjjctororwharparaoadulvqijriladliia 
»m  partlaa  nuiai  make  ami  aubacrlba  the 

oran- 


■tata  of  New  Hampahira,  — .  eounlv.  aa. 

Wa  aevarally  awaar  lhal  Iha  rorago"n.(7b..».-, 
wiil„.i,n«iorlgata  la  mada  for  Ih.  p'wai  of  i^ 
(urin,  Iha  Jabl  (-. ,-  ,h,  tj.m^"^ 

i'.;d  C/a'^.L'""'"*"  '"  *^'  "ndlllon  ihariof 
and  for  no  other  purpoaa  whalavar.and  thai  aaid 

£iiy^«    ?'  •"  "l""*  ••"•  •"orlgaaor  to  aaacule 
aald  martaace,  but  la  a  Juai  debi  -^"«>"« 

•ic^i  haneellydue  and  owrna  f^om  II 

•ub«:rlb.a  aad  .worn  fo  before  me,  thi. 

/oraaloaure  ..  .ff.cJi  I,' 1"::^: ISf  t^  i^',,, 
m,.rig^d  .1   p„Nk  ...cuon^ai  any  ,1m.  .ft^rX    J 

pa..ln|  no..«jy  a.1.  I„  „j  p,.bh!:.  pf.^.  ,'„  S^\^X 
boa  OavaaAL  Fohm*,  balow. 

M*r«mcM  vr  Rani  l*p«p«rty. 

AeknowlaiTamenl.    Sam.  a.  ln«nV.iK,„ 

m.!"  w  ?.r.t— •  "  ^""'"'  •'~"'  »*"'""•  "-  «"•• 

fr'J^S'^""  ""'•«  '^  ^1  '"'I  In  Jqully. 
■l.,lilf  *"»■"•"  """"J'lln  In  Iha  mortgage, 
geeordlna.    ham.  «a  Oaaoa,  abo«.   "^"^ 

d."re.   "''"""*  """"•  **  •'^•"*'  "*•'  "I*  "nJar  a 

■       tiliKclleJ,  or 


iipiin  appllclon  of  ih«  m..rig«,.,r  or  ««' 
Ih,  morigag,  ,„d  p„Muclng  fl..  mo,i,,^,  c 


,  N*r««iis«a 


Sfo  OaaaaAi  Foam,  below. 
•«aa  ar  f*ra<»M*|  |>r^ 


flT"*?'*'-.. 


c.  I  a.i™r*  P"i^Mi  rnati  mane  and  aubacrl 

L.      f*^***>  which  nuat  ba  indorsed  upon 

■^-  H.  tn.    k-Niaoa'a  INgm.  «ii.  Ck.  SST. 


Ch,.ii.l  morl||<g«  unl«.  acompanlrd  l.7Tmm«*Hai« 
rf.llv.ry  .,nd  I.Tlo^.d  by  a  co„i|„uid  p.,,V„i?rrf  ,h^ 
propany  mongag.,!.  ,„  .baolulaly  .ol-IaaaM  ^J,  145! 

.±.'Mi"""i'^««' "  •»«.i..r..  wTh  ,m:i.viTrf'sr 

wha^r^h  '  ''"'■  "'  "«'•'"•  •'  "ny.  of  <h«  counly 

Ih!!!  K  »«"•«»«"'  r.aid«.o,,  ,f  non  r«*idanl,  ihea 
«r,  ^  I  H  7.  P^P'-'y  '•  ••  'h*  "ma  of  iia  a.acuiion  8a 
wcorifed  II  ramiona  »  i.en  until  cancclM  of  record 

roracloaad  at  any  linvj  alkcr  breach  of  condliiona. 

Ch.ii.1  n.->rlgagct  uml.r  the  old  Liw  have  caa«ad  lo 
l™»  u  •f»'"»' '"i'*"".  etc.,  unkt.,  wlihin  on«  yaS 
horn  MarcTi  .,ih    lUi.  ih«  mortgaga  or  a  irua  i^ 

h^iioi/;!^,.*"'  """•J"'" "'  ''"••^  -«««^  - 

^     ^        WEW  TOKK. 

Aeknowlafcment.    Sam.  ..  DaSTabow 

Baaeutad  aamc  aa  DaaiM,  above.   Abaoliite  convev 

Jiice.   which  by  any  other  inairumant  «pi„  ?n?J, 

bvan  Intended  «  a  mongage,  U  a<.  eonaliSed' i^"^ 

re«ordln|  of  .uch  conveyance  hatfno  eCeci  unWaileh 

^I^l^^^^'j,  ?*<»««PW»  containing  a  power  of  aala 
•I.L^.?k"^'°^  by.pubircailon  and  iSrvte  rf  .SiK! 
Tr.!  1^'  «»»•  Imervenlion  of  the  court,  and  ihe  pmnU« 
iold  at  public  auction  n  \itlafy  the  mortgage  dabll 
Mortgagee  iMy  be  forecl.K»d  by  miIoo  and  VoaSomd 
dKra«  obtained  In  auch  aciioo  amilnai  ih.  mSSJ^rr 
^-H.<lci.ncy  of  Iha  ^H^JI^U'^  Zn^S^ 

ihJ'm'^'ijIl*' 7*°  ""J*'  ""•'•<•  »  A>weraaagaln»« 
iHe  mortngee  for  rjuchaae-money.  akhoiwh  aha  did 

;Sir'?J"  '^  <»«>rn»f«.    Buiw'lUra.uXlaSr.  a" 

fhi  «lS»«  .  '?''«f»«»«%fler  Iha  dmiih  of  the  huabaS? 

the  widow  lakes  her  intaiaai  is  the  surplia.f  ^ 

Rtcordioa.    Samaa«DBMi>a,abo»i. 

a-.iS?'l.  *"•,'•  *"  •"owd  ■n«r  a  mortgage  aale 

■aUafocUon  U  entered  in  any  of  the  uaiSMToi 

Trnat  Itmiila. 
Kxprasa  iniata  are  created  aa  Mlows  i 

1.  r,«  — 11 1 — 1.  i-,  -  .L  1^     -    - 


rfonna. 


o  aell  ianda  for  the  beneni  of  ciodilora 
To  a«il,  moitnga,  or  leaae  hinda^r  the  bci>f«lt  of 
Iha  jau'""-*  ~r ' 


•■Id. 


legaiaea,  or' for 
thereon. 


1  purpoaa  of  tatiafyiag  any  chaiw 


fW  74a 


k 


CONVEYANCX8. 


I  Ik*  **tm  and  proAii  at  biMh  ami  ip- 
■M  "^  tif  Hr**"  *»(•!(  lb*  llh  of  tuch 

4  to  ftt^v.  iIm  nuM  and  pfuIlM  nTUiMti,  •«.!  lo 
■MuinttiM*  A«M  A«r  ill*  hiiwMl    I  «!•»•  n 

Sm  OlNlaAl    >'<I«H1,  t'    Uiw. 

ChiiiMl  m.  M««^a»  »•  v..ij  aa  i<i  .  iril  panio  \iniMa 
IMf  ara  ac<  oMiiHiniad  wlih  an  imitMOI.ia  <Mly>^y  an<J 
a  cantinuaai  p':u«talu'i  of  ilu  pfi>|i»ny  <  r  auuda  ia»ri 

lh«  |.»«nn.lr'k  w',»ra  th«  m...i».g  .f  >a«iil«a  .  or,  irnon- 
KtMlaM,  than  In  <ha  town  lli«  |Ku|iafi)r  ••>  inoMtaagad  Is 
wlM«  iha  '«ti)r1g'*c«  la  «B«cut«(l 

Chaii"      unniaKM  ara  imh  rali4  aftai   -m*  yaar  unUsa 
wWhIn  111  ,tf  ila|r>  pracatling  iha  aa|iirn«iMi  of  Mch  yaar 
•  Mpy  of  atKh  m«ri(ima  la  raltM,  logattiar  with  a  ataia 
■MM  <'f  Ika  ama«in(  liua  oa  tutti  iiiuiuaM  ai  iha  <l>u  of 
raiUlns  » 

•m  UiHia*!.  roiiwa.  kalow. 

_  M*KTa  CAMUWA. 

Mmwtgmti^m  *■<  Try  BiMNla  •# 

AcliiMwl*4«m«iil,    iSma  aa  hiliM,  ah**! 
•■•«ut«4  UMM  M  DaaiM ;    tmimr  Diana,  abova 
For«chMiir«  I*  afcciad  In  caM  at  mor«saM 
P ••«•■> vajranc*  la  aada  in  caaa  of  ifual3aada. 
■  •••rding,     Sama  aa  l)»M,  abova 
•allafaatlan.     In  caaa  uf  in>ir>«jiga,  hf  racalpt  In. 
dunad  upon  iha  mnri|>«a  a»d  duly     •< mrdtd ;  nwrflnal 
aniry  <in  Iha  racord  of  kalladactlon  m  iha  araaanca  of  lh« 
ragniar:  o>  by  aaparata  Inainimam  of  ntouta  or  aaii*- 
fitriion  duly  aaacuiad.  achnowladgad,  and  racardad     I  n 
caaa  of  Inial  d«od,  by  a  ncmtvayama  of  tha  proparty 
Baa  GiMaaAL  FuaM*,  b«law  ;  Taitaaaaa,  abuva. 


I  mt  l»*r**«ii»l 

I  mortfaa*  nm  aai.«cdiii| 


r«IMM|r. 

ig  ihraa  hufldrad 


mmrtmrntf* 

Chaital  chaap  moi 
dollan  art  aaacuiad  In  ih*  mu*\  form  • 

Ckalial  naoritana  mual  ba  racnrdfd  In  iha  touniy 
arhata  tha  duiior,  tMrgainar,  Ml  mongagur  raaldaa.  la 
caaa  ba  h  a  »un  r<'«idcni  of  ih«  Suia.ihan  in  iha  county 
wharu  Iha  par<>':>n»t  niaia,  or  a  pan  of  iha  aama,  U  ait- 
aala :  la  caaa  of  chooaa  In  ^^  ton,  whafa  iha  doaor,  bar- 
gatmr,  or  mungagur  raaldaa. 

Chaltal  mongagaa  may  he  foracloaad  by  aab  of  iha 
prupany  whan  (ha  nota  or  oUlgatloa  baooMo  du«,  or  ai 
any  uma  alkararanl. 

OHIO. 
■•r«fnMr«r  mt  ■*•!  Pr«iM>rty. 

AchiMwIaMinant.    .^ama  a*  Daaiia,  above. 

Baacutad  aama  aa  Daioa,  abova. 

Foraalaaara  by  acllon  for  ihit  purpaaa  In  iha  com- 
mon plaaa  cmin. 

Marrlad  woaian  nacd  not  join  with  ihalr  huabaiiiU,  or 
wict  v*rt»,  in  mortgagat  rif  ihair  aaparaia  aaiaia,  imlaaa 
rullnouiahaMM  of  dowar  la  aaugbl. 

uan  aiiachct  fironi  praaanimani  K>r  racord,  and  la  ika 
onlar  praaanlad  to  iha  racurdar  of  deada  fur  racerd. 

Racerdlna.    Sama  aa  liaaiM,  above 

■•ttaflMtlen  may  ba  aniared  on  ih«  morlgaaa  or  ra- 
eord  of  iha  mortgage.  No  acknowtadgmani,  witnaaa, 
or  at^  la  nccaaaary.  Wh««  antarad  on  itw  BMrtgaga,  iha 
racordar  ihould  enter  tha  aaaw  on  iha  racoid  '/  ih« 
mortgage  aa  •ailafted. 

Hee  GnoniAL  fmnn,  btlow. 
■•rt««cM  ar  rvMMtal  ^wmmmwtjf. 

Chatid  morttma*  ara  afaaolulaly  voM  aa  lo  thlA  pa#- 
liaa  nnleM  accompanlad  by  InmadiaM  dailvary  and  coa- 
tiaucd  poaaittlon  of  tha  propaity  mortgaged,  unlaaa 
tuck  mortgage  i>  4«potitad  wiili  tha  clark  of  Iha  lawn- 
dUp  wheta  the  m  tgagor  realdaa :  ifhe  K  a  aor  •taaidant, 
Oiao  wtlk  Iha  clem  of  tha  ioaraahlp  la  aHUr'a  iha  prop- 
mVf  wmi  whan  aortuged.  In  lawaah:,*  when  the 
Mica  of  racordar  or  tha  coumy  ia  fcapi,  dta  BM>naaga 


couHiy  i 
ba  ihpaaliad  with  him. 


r5?SKJ 


Acknowtedgma^    Save  aa  Diasn,  abova. 
Baacutad  aane  aa  OaaM.  abova     An  abaahttt  eoib 
acyanoa  Imandad  aa  icairtiy  k  ' 


raaaclaaui*  K  a*cied  by  aoH  for  thai  aurpuaa  in 
MtMy,  In  which  Iha  p^aiatlf  ebialaa  paneml  JiidgMM 
Mr  any  balanca  dtae  after  tha  proparty  la  aold. 

Rtcordlag.    Sama  aa  Oaapa,  abova. 


k-Uwai(33,qi.a; 
■•|D-7i,Ch.aT7-JhO' 


"-s^'fe^ifiip.*;!!::! 


Radampdao.      A 
equity  'if  radamprtan 
•alli  ' 


ilafaellon  ur  <liarhar|a  may  ka  by  tairy  af  iha  mnrt. 
••••a.  Ill*  aMign**,  v>t  |><i>#jit4i  i«praa»ni4i<«a  r>n  ilia  nar- 
|in  .1  ll..  r«  .ir.l  nriKM  mung.,.-,  «  lim>«la<lglngMli«<a<.' 
Imn  of  like  m.irtgag*,  Ih  urawi,,.  <  ,rf  ih«  c«»>ly  clarh. .« 
hi«  <l«piii  I ,  who  n.uai  tulMei'ha  iha  tama  ta  a  •lin«4 
Huch  «iit:>)f  Ilea  lh>  %<ma  a*Ki  t»  a  deed  uf  ralaaaa  duly 
eaeciMad.  aebnowUrig'.Hl,  ami  raCordadJ 
Haa  Ua>'  ta*i.  fuaMa,  batuar 

■•»««•«*■  •#  »»r— w*!  rr«B«><rty. 

ChaiMl  m<.rt«agaa  or  i.<.|>Im  Ih.    v^if  mual  b«  Slad  ailh 

the  KDinf  y  tl(  rd 

OMItaf  mnrtgagaa  are  valtd  for  oaa  yaar  rrmn  dale, 
Mil  may  In  iaiir«<d  ami  <awiMbd  upaa  the  awnmigaa 
hU  agani,  ur  ailorBfy  miktng  and  «m«lng  la  ilie  inaon 
mam.  ur  topy,  on  «1«.  .r,  aAI>la»il  Miiina  forth  ili 
mungagaa'*  miaraai,  wi.i.m  ihirty  ilaya  m«i  ptacetli' .. 
waeapiraWon  of  iha  y»ar  fn>«  iha  Kline  uf  iha  »amr 

whan  iha  conald«rail«n  of  iha  uior>(ag»  la  laaa  ih:. 
Ave   hundred  dollar*,  ihe  murigaaril  proiony  may  U 
a<ild  by   iha  ihartf  or  any  coiiataUa  uf  any   county  iii 
which  amh  mortgage  haa  bean   )II«U   up>m  'miaa  ra- 
quaai  of  the  aMrlga«iir.  hla  agent  ui  allonMy  « 

_         rraiVBTf.VA|||A. 
■•rteMCM  Af  Ami  rr*|Mir<jr. 

AcbnawMginaal.    Sama  aa  Daane,  abova. 

Caacuta4  aama  aa  Daaoa  above  An  ab.alii*t  caa- 
veyanca  at  tacuriiy  I.  dnnird  a  mnrigpM  A  mnrtgagc 
It  uaually  accompanied  by  a  bond  and  watraal  lo  co*- 
fcaa  juitgmani  tbaraon,  which  may  Im  aatarad  la  awy 
•.ouri  at  any  time  and  aaaculloa  kauadwbaa  aay  part 
nf  the  dab<  or  iMeret)  la  dua. 

Varaclwaura  ••  aifctiad  by  writ  of  «-&># /Milt#,  ii^ 
cordina  to  alatute.  Thia  cannot  be  aiiad  out  wlthJn  a 
yrar  aftir  the  mortgage  bwomra  due,  unlaaa  ll  euniaint 

an  I ■   _       »    .  . 

aon_. 

Llan 


igaga  b«i 

aapicat  waiver  'J  delay      f;|eciinant  ia  miely  r» 
led  to  on  account  of  ika  equity  of  rerlonndon. 


of  a  mongnae  laacept'  for  purcfiaae-montyi 

dam  from  tha  time  of  racnrding  ll      Whaii  a  mortgage 


M  prior  In  ilaMTto  all  other  lleni  * »i:«pt  other  m<irig«gna 
and  grwund  renia,  ih*  hen  ia  not  diachargad  by  a  tale 
under  eeecuiion  upon   any  ulFioi   lim.     Oinar 
diacharged  by  any  iudlclal  > 


.  lim.    OSiarwIaa,  11  It 

iraed  by  any  iudlclal  tala 

Marrlad  woman  naad  not  join  la  a  mnngaga  of  bar 
huabanil't  property  un|«u  In  fnuid  of  her  nghi*  A 
>l4arlff  °t  eala  of  iha  aiongiaaed  property  dUcliatfw  bar 
dower 

Racordlng.    !l»n<<;  at  Daaim,  above. 

Radaotption  nee<l  not  be  pruvided  (or  ia  wriling  -n 
may  ha  prt>ved  by  oral  taatimimy. 

■attafactlan  It  eniarad  by  recard  ia  the  ommI  Isnn. 
See  Cmattbl  MoMTOAoaa,  below. 

See  GiEiiaaAi.  FoaMa,  batow. 

Chaltal  mortgagee  are  llttia  atad  In  Paanaylvania,  and 
to  he  valid  H««rnM  third  partia*  mutt  ba  aecompaaiad 
by  drhvery   .f  mofi^agad  goodi  to  aiortgacea. 
Sea  AcvNtHvi^DOMiHt,  KaactrTKw,  arc. 

Tha  foltewlng.  olhef  than  real  aauta,  can  ba  m.-rt. 
gaged,  u>  ractof/*  .embly  :-'LaaMhold  intareilt  ia 
'  'llieriet,  ,|nlng  Uu  .<  manubceoriet  or  other  prrm- 
uM*,  with  bulMlngt,  fixtiiret  anit  ouchlnniy  faalongiag 
to  leiaeca  ;  Iron  ore  mined  ami  prepared  tor  Uta,  |te- 
Iron,  rolled  or  hamaMiad  Iron  or  tied  In  thaeM,  banor 
plaiet  natla,  bollm,  eaginct,  oil.  gat  aad  anadaa  w*U 
tupallaa,  ttael  and  iron  catilngi  not  in  place,  patniiauia 
crude  or  reftaad  in  barreh,  tanke  or  raaervolia.  raoCng 
and  mamAeiured  ilaia.  quarrir  J  ihte  unauuiuaciaiad, 
aaphallum  block*  and  all  materiala  uaad  in  nuuwhMMa 
ihcfauf,  caaMM  hi  bagt,  barreb,  or  other  form,  aad  all 
materfaiti  uaed  ia  iha  manubctuia  ihaiaof ;  la  iha  fci- 
loerlng  form  duly  achnowladgad  :— 
T»  gU  to  whofB   "-—     

Km»  ir«  ttet  M.  R.  la  MabMd  to  M.  B.  la  tha 

•"••t: — d»ltata«id  — ea»tfc 

N«w  for  aacuriaf  tha  payoMBt  mt  tha  mkk  dakt 
•f*  «*V'M«J:m»T»»«  «m  d«U  hatwi;tlMMM 
M.  R.  4mm  harahy  aall,  aaatin.Mid  iiaitilbi  u 

"V .'4*r^!l»"  **•  pKHrSg  aGhadSto,  trh?i 

•«;r!::i£':?rtirur.sr^ 


COHVtVAMCll, 


tim  tt    ttnchMMM  Wft   lk» 

(•  »*y  )«by  ••iry  afllwMnrl. 
tun*)  r«^r«*«H<Ai'V«nnlh««lar- 
'<•>•' .  «  k  n'"«U<lgtng  Mll*<<i>: 
m>  •  itf  ih«  tminly  cUirk,  >• 
Mi'H*  id*  t94iM  1*  «  ullncit 
lAirl  •>  •  Hand  of  ><I«|M«  ituly 
■ihl  rMcnrdcd  J 
I.  CuUHl,  ImIow 

'I>i«i  111.    «.if  muM  (m  RUd  villi 

raM  ftw  (MM  yoar  fmn  daw, 
oMndmJ  iipfm  Iha  msfigngm 
linn  *"*'  •A«lng  !•  itw  ituiix 
•  '1  «A>la*ti   Miiing   furiH   i)^ 
Ml  thirty  ilay*  n«iii  i>i^«c«<li'  ^ 
froM  IM  AUii(  <i(  lb*  >«iH<! 
at  liu  ui<irt(«(>  l«  ln<  (h» 
morlgurfl  pro|f#My   may   he 
y  cOiMinya    uf    aity    counly  III 
I  baaii  Hlad,  upon  "n 
la  agnt  »i  aUonMy.k 


Pr*|Mirl]r. 

huMU  t)«>iM,  aba**. 
iiM.  ahoT*  An  abuiluM  eaM- 
Kied  a  ni«ii(a«  A  mnrtfigt 
Y  a  boml  araTwairam  li>  «»•> 
■Kkti  may  •)»  tntarad  la  «wy 
KMiian  laauiadwbM  amffftt 
u*. 

1  by  writ  •(  it/rt /t4t.)tv 
cannoi  b«  tuad  oul  wiihin  a 
rcomra  dm,  unl«a  It  CtmtUM 
lay.  Kjwianant  la  raraly  r» 
I  aquliy  of  mi-mptitm. 
•IIC«|N  for  purcnaac-iiKMMy, 
nrdlHg  ll  whan  ■  mnrtgaga 
r  lluu  tiii.-«pl  oihar  morigagaa 
I  if  nM  dlachar>ad  tn  a  m1« 
r  oihf  Um.    OUMrw4«,  it  n 

Mi* 

ooi  Join  hi  ■  mortgma  ol  bar 
•  In  fraud  nf  h«r  rigliit  A 
a#iil  p>«^rty  diacbar|»  bar 

Daana,  abow. 

b«  p>  Dvidwi  (or  im  wrttlng     -  il 

limixiy. 

I  by  racani  ia  the  yHial  farm. 

>,  below. 

'.  FoiiMS,  batow. 

■—■Hi  1hrm99r*f. 

ila  Oitd  in  Pwin»ylv*n«a,aad 
Mtiat  muai  b«  accoaiwatad 
[oo^  (o  marlga^pa. 
■Hr,  KiKimoH,  itTC. 
A  raal  aatata,  can  ba  mc^. 
Sly :— LuMhold  Intaraala  in 
anuOioiimas  or  othar  prrm- 
«  and  ouchinarv  balonginc 
'  *nil  prcparad  feruaa,  fli(- 
Mi  or  •laal  la  ihaaM,  ban  or 
n,  oil,  gai  aad  artaMaa  wtU 
linn  not  In  ptaca,  paualauia 
lanlu  or  iwanroln.  raolu 
arrir  1  alatt  uamaaiifccnuad, 
aiariah  inad  In  auaallHliH* 
rrrii,  or  othar  ferni,  aad  all 
■Cusiura  tkaftnr:  to  ilw  M- 


tMabttdloM.  K.UitiM 


payoMBt  mt  Oia  mM  Aifct 
tiM  data  haraai;  tha  aaU 
.  Mai|a,aMl  waiiafci  to 
Ba4a,  abattala,  mm4  prtM- 
iMTiag  acbadMla,  WTi 
M  m4  raouiMMikilli* 


taaM  M  ■•  Iha  aum  af  —1,  «||l|  Uiaraaa  a. 
Haw  a,  vu  ,  ~  whiah  aaM  .J-.  ..J  .  .  '  " 
fii^  •.  I  u  4  L.  '  ^"""'  •aia  auna  and  Intaraai 
tna  ••  J  M  ■.  haraby  cavanania  i,  oav  than  Ihi. 
tfanafa,  to  ha  veld  and  o^  no  aSwJ      ' 

"ut  In  <aaa  of  now  pa,  niant  of  aaid  aum  at  iha 
ilm.  or  ltn,aa  ahav,  m.ntionad,  i4"hlr  wiVh 
intaraai. ,h,  ..Id  M    I    may  ai^J  to  ,ha taid 

ay  law       Ma  Inlanllun  m  foracliMa  tha  morUaaa 


tha  aaid  M    K   ahall  hava 


•um  I*    ,ai  than  paid, 

ouauu  ail  aa^naaa  af  ika  aala  anti  haaalna  af 

ibJ^da^T'*'*'''  *"  •*'"  '"  P-y'-'M  •'«»?. 

If  frara  any  aaua*  aal4  proaartv  akall  iwii  >. 

l*M*V*  *'^'  «"«'^«v«Sata7an5  ch2",..  j^J 

haraT.T'::ri"dara?eT^r.'.v.;?a'? 

•1.4  and  dall«ara4     , '•*»*^    •«•  "■    I'i^i 
In  praaaaaa  of  W.  a  / 

JISTTSiS!,!!"  '•*?««•*"•**«'«  »P»<»th(riy  day,' 
^•riaa  waakly  fmur  i1b,»,,  „s  ,„^  .-j,  ^  ,k,  "  '" 
tt.jjil  proparl.  m  pi.WI.  Ul.    ■•*"••*  «^  "»•  "-wt- 

Whaw  aDa<i>  nmain  In  poaaaaalaa  af  tba  in<w«uor 
iha  aiattgair  auil  ba  racorrtad  In  Ih*  tacortar'.  o«ca  of 
Iha  couMr  wnar*  gooda  ara. 

Utn  laka.  aff,.;,  (nm  iba  Ubm  ol  llllac  and  Initaatm 
tha  mortgaf*.  ^ 

Martaacor  muatdj.,!,.,  „  ^^  p,^„  „  ^ 

<!«•  ah-it  to  purch...  ,ha  fact  oT  praparty  balaf  ^ 
■lorttasad,  tha  amount  Uman^itt,  pbca  of  raaanliai. 
and  lima  of  m  oMiurlty,  un,    r  paaally. 

RadamptloB  may  ba  at  aay  lima  Wibra  fiwackmira 
aa  payaMiii  of  tha  dabl. 

Raftawal.    Such  auirtcacaa  ara  good  (i.r  oaly  ibiaa  I 
montha  alkar  matiuHty  of  tha  obliiailoo  ihay  »cai«    but 
..«a  may  b.  a.,,  mlad  oaa  yaar.  by  mongajaa  Um.  , 
•ttlaaiaal  at  hi,  imaraal  within    hoaa  ihia.  oMMlhi 

■atlafaatlaa  ia  antarr-  '-^  Uk*  maaaar  ai  aMrtnaM 
M  raal  aaiaia.  ■•-•>" 

Aehn««^3|[mirt  •  Hama  a*a  vl^u^SXi 
Knacntad  >aBM  aa  Oaaoa,  ahova. 

.   Vif'^J?"'*  ••«*««««  *'y  «»a  trndar  a  powar  tlHn 

n  tha  mortnt*  aftrr  tan  or  iwanty  fa*  ailptEiad  il»^ 

n ,  day,;  notlej  by^vwtUamant  (i,  »p^tSt^^i^ 

wTntydayaaftardafcult.  In  iha  ahaaCrof tSchSlS!; 

ih.  m-^rtg^ma,  miiM  for«|o«,  by  bill  In  atHthTtiKIlhr 

within  .  yaari  or  ha  may  obialn  poaMwJoa  U  iha^'5 

<^t.t.  by  .ui.  a.  tow  in  a^  or  ^Xn^mSSr  pLiXtoS 

of  raal  aMaH  may  n^to  ka  uhan  by  tha  mhZZ  k. 

l^achJa  and  o^  ant,.  In  .li:  t^UZ^^'S^JSL 

ir!S*'t**  '?  "•  •"'»■  e*«*  »  o«oa  of  Iha  town 
whjrtiB  ihe  laal  aalata  la  tlluaiad     ^^ 


Mt 

■•r«««M»«a  mt  r«M«MiM  ^rmmmptm 

;::::f:rh  '•'•*  r*"*'^  -^  ••-  "^""Ti^.  - « i^ 
« 'fhaV!:,:;":;:!''"""--  •— ••^i..  lai*. 

Saa  OavaaAi  rii.M«,  b,)a, 

AthnowlaJim.n,.     •,,„,.  „  (YaTT^boJa 
BaacMtad  .^>„.  .,  I>.„,,,h„„    ""   "**•• 

p^J:::""""" "  '"•"»"  "^  -  «--^  «»n  •.»  thai 

_    Ifiaordln,  m.„.    b.  wlOim  t^   day,  MUr  .... 

..^hV^JTl';  -*-«-.«-  ^  —Id  in  any 
!>«.  l>*MaaAL  PuaM.,  kdUw, 

Chailal  oi..,i,.|p»  «.y  I- m  ihTlLT*?     *• 

»•-  mJfia^!^^'  '«'*^"t  "y  WfMua  pr,«.rf,  ,0 

»aa  aattBBAL  PoniM,  hatow. 

TBNIIJMIBB. 


trlik 


Aahnowi.JgBMn,      Sam.  «.  i>rr~^'2«« 
in*  larwia  ul  iba  lnatruin«n(  "'" 

iailaraatlwa  u  anij^t  .„  „,  J  ,    ,.^ 

S*a  Ommal  roBiia.  bal-nr. 
1.  _  T«JtA«. 

A-.tn'S^ter.-'J'nr.i  frr.5r!su 

I>acuta4  a.m.  a.  l)«B«i..bo..     ^^••• 
Fraadulantly  dealin.  wlih  ih.  mnrmai^  . ■ 

'"i;:«;d.'i'j  •'^:  "•"  ••  V^"^  o*^r^  '"~^"' 

Hacordlng .    hame  aa  Daaiw.  aUiva 
..i:.t:"!:fe.,->'  •'-  •"^•-'Wfora'lb.^W,  a»a 
!>.a  OBMaRAi.  ro.Ks.  bdow. 

Saa  GaMiMAi.  ruaMa.  i,. 


VRMMAIVT. 

Aahno-ii;^^^^^^^!.*?^:!:?*;;.. 


MwMfri 


'•racloaara  >.  <«bct«!  by  procaadinwa 


■n  Iha  akan- 


"""■  ""l::!^  .1  :^„--"i  --^P^ii^i-o;:,! 


RidamptlOB.    WJ.WI  forwloaad  by  action  or  .mi 

Mca  01  Ike  rword  by  tha  nii.'riaag.a,  or  by  a  wuarai. 

"ulniMant  of  MUtfitcilon  or  ntSaST  ••P«™>« 

«••  UlNBNAk  ruMM,  bakw. 


ofeotin.    ^"™~^  ""  "■"•  •'    '  ">•«  aa,  a.  dife  uion 

SS^lfLlf'    S.««  .      li<«i».,bo.a 
bylh^SSi^"hir^r  0»<«li.;,a  miy  b.  mart, 
^ytf  «<Kter  hi.  h*n.|  .,„i   ^"„,  ,,   '!^  "'•      '• 

Jsftii-riiVn?.  tiy™,;a«v^*iTn:;:;°S  -r 

Saa  OBNaBAi.  Fom*.  Uio* 
,,,"•'•■■■•«  Af  r»|immn|  rra^Bii. 
f  f     tal  m^rtma.   ,«   .baJUMy^SnTV^hia. 
"«■       n.  .iib.«|u.«t   pnjchaw...  and  hK.imhJS^' 
alc     unky,  accompanM  Iw  u,  i«m.diai.dal7J«^^ 


•ffWPW 


m* 


OOHVIVANCn. 


MM  m  Mqr   tliMy,  Ml'!,   |mIiiiIm  »4kin,  »>  lliit«>y,  la 
•rfM<>  (ndi  i<K><nM  In  ifii  mm*  «mium>  m  w-jnggjiw  nit 

In  ih*  Mm*  'flMRiM* 

filay  mt««t  ^  rvt-ttrtUd  IN  *K«  '941c «  ol  »l^«  lUftl  «f  Um 
Own  •i>>«r«  ih*  p««pmi)r  («  •l<iMi««l   tU 

HttM^ag  li  <i|iMvil«M  m  ■  uin«IMt«l  Uuwgi  «f  fM- 


VIIIAISIA. 
■•MffiMTM  MMl  Trmil  »4MMl«  *r  BmiI  mmI 

•     M'irtgmm  «r»  (Mmnritad  I*  ««"«»«l  prMiin  kjr  Juiti 
)  irtMi      Hm  Wwt  Vii<>.|N|»      <k>« 

S<M  biMWi    1>«MM'        :  •U«T,  •kanra 

«•»««■««■  in*<l»>»4?  •#  Vwmmt  »r  ■4Nil 

Acknaw(«il(ni*al.     !i«»M  m  PfaM,  atia**. 
■x««u««4  >MM  M  Usaiw,  ktwn,  ImtaMMla  •  «laitM 
•(  il«l'«MaiK« 
P«rMkt««4  ar  mtlatfi  by  *  4wr»»  tf  •  tmti*  »t 

Mar>i«4  w«m«a  *tk>uM  h»  J«<<m4  I*  ih«  conv«y 
tutc^  tn  order  to  bur  ilMir  4tnw«r  *nd  Hommim^  9»r,.,^, 
ll'in.  t>«*|><  whan  iIm  «<Mi*«]r*iH^    l«  |Iii«b  m  M(»ra 
purthsM  KKHMy 

Sacordtng.    Sanaa  aa  Daasa,  abava. 
tIaaM  or  aallataatlan  k  aKKMH  by  a  ikort  d««4 
fl  rahuaa,  aaa<.utad  and  a4^bBu«Mi|ad  la  iha  Adiuwiaf 
fcrm  I 

I.  C    D..  haraby  rala«»a  ■  •■ortatf*  (#r  ilaa4  of 
Iruai)  mad*  by  A.  •.  !•  ma  (#«■  E  T  ,  iniaMa,  *r  O 

H  .  4<hI  aMiinad  lo  mm),  4ala«  tha day  af      -, 

and  racardad  la  tha  clarb'a  aMaa  af  Iba  a«><<>iy 

•eurt  af tanaty,  Waat  VIrgtala,  la  daad  booh 

,  rM* •  (%«*7)     C.  D.    (  V»/  I 

Acknawladgad  balara  ifia  aubaartbar,  tbia  — 
day  af ,  J.  *. ,  *»<*««#  ^  <4< 


,  At4mrf  /%*/>, ,  aw;,) 

►araonal  prxipartv   ara 

tha  uma  at  iboaa  la  raaJ  aaUM,  arhaia  puaMaaJoo  k  wn 


Montana  nr  Inntdaada  ol 
h9  tama  ai    * 
IraMlbmd. 


AchaowlaoiiniaBt.    laaa  at  UaaDa,  abova. 

Baacutad  uaia  aa  Daaoa,  abeva,  aaca^  iba  addi- 
tion <4  c</ndiilona,  ate  Any  «aa*«yaaM  lauadad  aa  a 
tacirtiy  la  liaamaJ  a  morutga. 

PoracIoBura.    Sirici  foracloaura  la  act  aUawad. 

Martlad  woman  iHiad  mm  Join  in  a  pumhaaa-aioaay 
in<>rlt*t*  'l  ""lar  In  bar  dowar.  No  aiort|B(«  of  a 
bomaataad  ia  valid  unlaM  iha  wifa  Jolna  la  lla  aaaeatloa.' 

Racafdlna.    Sama  aa  Daitia.  abeva. 

Radaaiptloa  nay  ba  aflactad  vllbia  aoa  yaar  aAar 
Judgaiaat. 

iattafMtiaa.  ralaaaa.or  ditchaifa  of  iba  atorigtM 
fn»y  ba  by  eancalbilon,  by  facalr*  iadonad  ibaraoa,  by 


•II  aniry  on  iIm  autgn  of  iba  raaard,  algaad  by'lba 
moriiBtaa.hIa  aiatgnoa, or pananal  lapiw aBUtlya.atc, 
In  praaawcaof  iba  rafiaMr  of  daaaa. 

On  proof  of  payaiaai,  iba  drcail  en«r«  auy  ordar  ika 
inonsxa  dItchanMd.  aad  ordar  a  laaaid  af  audi  dl*. 
cbarga  lo  ba  aiada  by  tha  rMtaMr  af  daadi. 
Baa  OmuAi.  Foajw.  bttow. 

mmHmnn*  f  yt— wal  f»fai«y. 

Challal  noriMM  ara  aaacutad  la  iba  ordinary  nrai, 
wiB  ba  ««id  at^aiiiiiiM 

'ehaaiiaf 


afid 


fwnladbythalBUBadlaladcilvaryandeontti      

imuattion  af  liMaMttnaadMofwrty.orMatMaiba  m>n- 
gaga  or  a  inm  topT  tkaiaarba  Mad  wtfb  tba  dark  mm* 


Im  martfMor  raUai :  If  iba  aiortMier  It 
I,  (baaiMi  Monetga  or  cof/  atMibalMl 
arhart  tha  ffOMMy  wu  wliini  It  ant  aa- 


town  vhara  Iha  m: 

t  oon-fldtm,  (ba 

la  tba  lowB  whart  tha  pioatit; 

acuitd.    ChaiMl  martgifa  or  ai 

tintd  bjr  tha  vA,  la  araaaati  of  iwa 

Bach  Aiiag  eaaaaa  tokaaotlea  at  lhaaaflratloaaf  iwa 
yaan,  a^ltaa  arilbia  thirty  dayt  aaal  pnicadiag  iba  aa- 
piralloawihaiacaad  yaar  tha  aiortgagat.arbbaaaal. 


tha  aiortgagat,  or  hit 
—    or  amy  ari^aSdavIt  atitlMr 
fenh  Awaatgmnr't  iaiaratt  in  tba  proparty  aiaii1|^t|aa. 
II  may  that  ha  waanat)  avary  two  yaan  tMarwudi. 

Thafu  b  a»  dMt  tipacMad  la  wbteb  to  wU  tba  praa. 
arty  lAar  hraaah  of  coadltioa  to  latlafy  tba  dabt  (aoarad. 


'TXAU^m.'IXT 


l«lMF«4l 


,  wltaiaatth 


•altbiaf  — , 


■*«  flaaiM,  a(i«ra 

rha  tefmiiattan  la  a  cMMraaaa,  dia4.  iMaa,  atart- 
•aga.  at«  ,  la  Mllad  tha  "  I'MUtuaa  '  ataaaa,  Ita  iba 
R<<t  t»aiadlag  Uaaa  ruam,  ak»«a 

*|Jl.ji-ll    R   aad  W  k   bla  arMb  (aaaaaya.  «r  || 

I  far  ara.  A   II  ,  af  .  and  W   R  bla  -Mb),  tm  a 

aoaatdoratlaa,  o«a.  (aaaray,  ar)  wartgaga   a«a. 

Tlila  i<a<n«yan«a.  ar  tadaMurt,  #r  aMrtgua.  Unar- 
itia^irliwrtiM,  <|uadilgai«iM,  ata).  witaaaaata  ■ 
'**•'"  •*•■  ,, 

Tkia   fiaaayaaaa,  «r 

inarfa  iMa if  af 

tlwt.  au.  

TWa  '««»»ayaaaa.  #r  manaaat,  tt»  V  mU*  iMa 
TtMi,  at*.  MMiM 

Tbia  (cuoaayaaaa,  *^  li 
mada  Ihia  -        day  of  •       . 

"       aountyja  tha  tlata(M'(:niamnnw«al 

Cjirmtr,  lo  C.  O.  af aaiinty.  la  iha  ttaia  <#» 

LiimmiHiaraahb)  of  — — ,  aiarahani.  wHsaaaaik  i 

That,  at*.  

?naw  all  Mta  by  thaaa  ^aaaaM  i 
hat  thia  (taavayaaaa,  «r  ladaauua,  «r  MMMMt, 
«ta.,a<  liaaa).  ___  ■" 

Knaw  all  maa  hjr  thaaa  araaaata  i 

That  A.  ■,,  af  ,  nr   a  aaaaldaraMan  of 

,  f*M.,  tba  raoolpt  af  whUh,  ate.,  haa  tan- 

vavad  aad  martgagad,  aad  doaa  hy  thaaa  araa 
••Mtaavayaad  tttortgata  uataC.  D.,af  • — ,ata. 

ThIa  fcan'^yanea.  «r  ladaalara,  f  aMrtgaga,  mt.  K 

mada  aad  a  Alara4  lata  Ihia day  af  — -,  tw  and 

hatwaaa  A.  1.,  af aaaaiy,  and  tha  Mala  af 

,  pMly  af  tha  Ural  |Mrt,  aad  C.  D  .  af  — 

aaanty,  la  Iha  ttgia  •! .  •?  Uia  mtmnA  part. 

witnaaaalh  i 

Thai,  alt. 

■avtag  and  aaaafMiifl,  •«•. 

Ta Mia  wham  thaaa H«Mai«  way  oa«M,  araa*- 
laa  I  ar  To  all  »hoai  li  may  coaatrii  >  i 

Raawyai 

That  tMa  (co«««yaaca,  »r  tadaanra,  *r  noiMWi, 

ale.),  hy  aii4  hatwaaa  tha ,  a  •arMraU.Mi  aalM- 

Inp  uaila;  tha  tawa  af  tha  tiaia  («r  Comaiaawaakh) 
aT — ,  af  tha  irot  aaft.  aad  C.  D.,  tTp.,  aad  O. 
H.,  a  eamiMuy  Mag  bualaaaa  uadar  tha  §rm- 
ai>4  atyla  af  Iha  D.,W.,  H. maaatea- 


lartag  aam^ay,  af  tha 


,at«. 


I«  Ha 


Sir  0tk*r  Caaanyaarw, 


mimmA 


>.  |TATaMaNT  oa  PaaTiat. 

taa  Daaaa,  aaia,  p.  999,  abova. 

a,  Rkitau  foa  txrtANATioM. 

■aa  Dacca,  taM,  p.  tgg.  abova 

S.  Daacaimom  oa  Paoaaarv  ll<Mmi*<»»,  ate,* 

wiTM  B«cBrTioiNi,  are. 

Sat  Daaca,  aata,  p.  joe,  ^ov«. 

Sa*  r>*.*ot,  ala«a. 
Tha  habaadnBi  limiu  and  Matt  what  tttatt  Iha 


ha  ertwbtt  aaavay 
r  llT»t,  yaan,  or  a  lata  pai^di  aa  1 


tauia  <br  Iitvi,  yaan,  or  a  laia  vaiiadi  aa  ahtahua  or 
condlileaaL  Jotat  or  tavanl,  rttlftab4,  or  Uialtad  titab, 
tia..aic.    laawrtgtgaaibaattattof thaawttgMaaJ» 
paadi  upaa  tam  coadttloa  or  dtbiih,  tie. 
Saa  CoMBiTtOM,  ais.,  btiow. 

jKadtCh.  ARi.a.  ^ 


ata. 


COI^VtVANCts. 


MIBTT- 


mnrMM.  4n4,  Ihi^  wwt> 


-.  tMl  W  N  kla  »«),  tar  • 

u,  •««  ),  wIMMMW  i 


m<Mifii«t.  CM  ^  M*4«  UM 
I. .  ml.-,  M  C.  B. .  Irf  — -. 


.In   ■ — .b' 

I  f  ##  C*»iiini«i<«w««i 


••ynly,  (■  IM  ItaM  (cr 


MffMMMl 


,  Mr   •  ••n*t(i«r«H««  •/ 

•I  whiali,  (Ic.,  haa  ««ii- 

•m4  4«««  kv  «h«M  ptn~ 

l|«  UBM  C.  u. ,  ■!  — ,  tH. 

MiwilMni,  rr  »mtgifi,  Mt  i, 

ihto  -—  <*y  af  — -,  w  and 

MMMty,  a<Ml  iha  ■Mia  af 

•art.  awl  C.  b.,fi 

'  —%  nr  tM  aaa*«4  pun. 


waaaaia  aiar  oaaaa,  gr«a«- 
ly  coaMtti ) : 


• •  •  (arMMtLMi  aaJM- 

la  ttala  («r  Caiaia— waiJtfi) 
i.aMC.  D.,i.  r.MidO. 
outinaaa  uadar  th«i  Irat- 

D.,  r.,  H. maauna- 

aaaaod  part,  wtWmiUi  i 


CNMNtfMWM. 

T  or  PAMTiat. 
««, ».  tf9,  alMva. 

»   tHrtAMATIOM. 

•a.  fi.  •(».  abav* 

■TTioM,  nc. 
M,  p.  laa,  aaov*. 


iM.Meva. 

tnd  Mom  what  aMaM  ik* 
■rrwIlM  aoavayad,  ai,  aa 
I  MM  MrMt  aaakrohMaor 
I,  lawikM,  ar  Uailtad  «Mal*, 
a  WMt  af  ika  aMftfi^^  J» 
I  ar  drfcali.  mn. 
Mt,  •W.,b*low. 


L  *"•••»"•  ••  k.W  i>i«  >•<■•  l^«vaa, 

_     .  A»»i»aB. 

Ta  ka«a  tad  la  ImM  ika  aaiNa,  iMathrr  wiih 

UiMM  ika  «»ll«win«  «an44i.a«a.  Mm. 

AwrlHla 

Ta  hava  aarf  la  h«M  «h«  Mata.  wtih  ilta  aMu. 

.'«•'  f<>\    ;>»«*«v»>,  Thai.au. 

AwrrMtr 

**.£?'1  "••  ••'"••  •^"MMr  with 

Iha  laaamaaia    h^^Mliam.Bi, 

•ta  tharauaia   halanalaa  ar  in 


rr  ''awa  v 

Ul  .  U  tiftf'v 

•ta. 


Cn¥aa««r-lafn«.M,,^  ^  fat(a<««  Uaru 

nd  k*««Al.  wlihaal 


«f.  t4  hi*  <  (ml    >,.i,  i  a^„ 
-,    ,»n 
Ilia  hrir*  or 

. <•  whoi'li.MM. 

tindar  him  ar  tMm 


anvalMr  pcrtan  ar 


Mira  aad  arMgna,  faravaf 
Ah* 


■  (»r  fMnjr 


iwtj  than, 


Ta  ha»a  aa4  la  SaM  ih«  .^  j  m 
"•al  a«4  \tt\  «f „,„  "^ 


•r  Iaian4a4  aa  «a  h  ,  w  ih  iha  aoDuru....,,  >■  ..^ 


m  •««ttata  ar  tana 
')'     afui.   h«r*dl«a 

,      ,.anl«<l  ar 

«a^.,<wlih  •haap|iurui.«ii,(aa„d 

u:ra!^':;^;i^:-.:fH*r  Sa*^--  — ^« 

Tk.  _xj     J         »r4»»-  Cttmnmrnert. 
to««J!?r^7   i'"  '•••"••■  '")  •«  '•"«  «fa««i  In  . 

-W,h  h.  graawdLfor,.  ^,  «„^,  ftSt;;;;  ^  J^' 

"hwR 


That  *ah<l 


AHornaa 


I  I"  LaAsn.  B  in.  ,b..v» 


<•< 


•r  ■•«!  rr«Mar«y.  "•"■"■ 

ha«  UaaiM,  abtiva. 
na  aM««lM  la  a  ann».y.„<.  ,*  rf«^,  ^rt  n/  l,«i|. 

••••d  m U>« coarayaiMM.  wlt«r»^T  tt  li  nrn>ia<.i  itu. .- 

;;.« .  p.r,icuur .«.,  d.«,  „  d.-:  ^'t^'^7^.  i^u: 

""•■•"•if"  "n«tiaihrm«e«,  a  aiartaaaa.  or  olhar  caLu 

■  .11.  quafllk.    on.  ra.irici/on.  «c  ^  *  "^' 

N«  DaacaiiTioK,  arc.,  with  EacamoNt  umI  Ma. 


..:.  ?•''*  ^  ■•.  hl»  hrt.,,  •««  ,  aii.MI  aaaaaahl* 
and  ^Ht,My  hald  and  ,„iay  ..m)  iViiCaa  ilifc 

ranla.  &„.,.  ,„d  p,„«„  ,h.,.»f.  ..Vv  "  .mIi.i! 

.««  .;  5^P  •  "'•  '"•'L*-  ••«>'•'"•.  admlni.i,". 
dTfru?i.t.?,iM*' ".•"•••'  ""  '"y  »'  «h«<n...«ll| 
— •  dallata,  and  inttraal,  ar  aom*  pan  tharaaf. 

...   .  AwtrHiB 

Thai  until  drfaull  In  tit*  paymam  of  raid  turn 
or  lnl.r..l,  or  olh.r  d.f.uU  h.r.ln  nr«vld,.l    .aid 


laa  ar  aatd  prrmiaaa. 

Tn,  laMSfif  ,"?■"  "' ***•"•'•  "'  '"••raal.  a* 

rn-n?!!  "  *"ntf»'y  «o  tha  cond.ilona.co... 
•nanta  ,m  pravlalana  harain.  fbr  (ha  paymani 
ih.r.^^  ,h.n  and  from  ihanc.forih  I*  a^TaH  and 
m  ,.  b.  lawful  ta  and  far  aald  C.  D..  hi.  h.'r.  C^ 
...{«n^  to  .ntir  aald  pramlaaa,  ^nd  Iha  Mma 
«N.n.afirth  nulvlly  la  haM  and  in'oy.  and  "TJ! 

ItniThS..:^  4lalurban«a  or  Inlarrupilan  what- 
avarbyar  froni  a.id  A.  B  .  hia  htira.or  aaaian. 
XJl'lL^lv"  P*"""  <"■  P«r«»n.  whemMavar  and 
that  ?^ly  act,  .iM.d  and   dlKhargad  from  and 


8a.  Daaaa,  tSvn. 


Ctwrm»Airr-A«Mf*>iK.«T 
Baa  AaawMMaMT-Powaa  to  Aiaiait,  kalow. 
_.        ^  t-ovjitAirr— AiBuaAnca,  arc. 
.JaV  •'*"'  ^•"»»'«  ••»•"  •»•  '"•da  in  Mymaiit  of 

«  ttflMinc  •«ir  rijht.  ulla.  or  latarMt  In  aalS 
i^.-""*^  ?«».  Ihd«,  ar  fay  of  tham  (fiiMd  .ad 


v:— i  —•-  ?•».  «««n,  ^  Bay  oi 
l'!??*3H  frnw  any  and  aM  cimN 
ktnfaMM  eoalaJnad  Ibr  ika  ladm, 
hM,  aad  al  ethar  «|ulty  of  radMnpii 


coniMilona  aad  provkioi 
ha  ladratBtioa  of  Mid  prai 
'«d«Bp«Ma  whainavtt.; 


I  pram- 


CnvaHAirr-Dn'Avi.T, 
laa  timv,  Saui,  wtc..  bdow. 

M.  CovMiAirr-RauBpr,  atv.,  b.h 


--  -•—■^  -»<  .in»»  ana   oiacnaraa 
a«alnat  ad  Ineu.nbraacaa  whalaoavar 

That  ii  .ball  and  may  ba  lawful  for  Mid  C  O 

in  VhV.     SMri.'""  '«y  «*••«»!  «♦  '••fault  mada 

hSl-^?-.    r?!..*"^  pramlaaa.  and  .vary  part 

fram^KaLifcAb'/'a*"'^"*""*'  '~*  ^^•'im» 
rram  tnaaaalhnh  (undar  tha  rants,  covaii».r.i».  ciindl. 

!.!f!!?i  .t_  f^rl  ••""•'.  •"•  •♦•ry  part  and 
f  •5**'  M"*!**'-  *•.  •«•••  '•«••»•.  nnd  laka  (for  "  nd 

^'"''X.'".L'^.'"'*''"  "r*  '•"•lnd.rof«.di7,m^ 
ZIl?T..i  .  •'•»«•«•.  'nd  Ihmi  10  coma  and  una.. 
K^L^'~'-!Jt"'  f,'«'"^«.l»'"<lran.a,  mo. 
laatatton,  or  pbatruclian  whalaoavar,  by  aaid  A. 

t  '^t  »'r 'A!!**"**'*'  odminUtrator.  «r  aaaicna, 

CovaHAiTT-riRi  CLAina. 
b^lnga  araalad  and  to  ba  aractad  en  tha  pram- 
iSlS?/?^:*'^.'!  '"•"S*^  •■•In.lloMbyS". 
•5A  ■^"  'j^..  P"***"  •»«'  «««T«««t««  thar/of  to 

!!iriJS"  .'  •'  *•••  '?*•"*  P"'*«  ••••  •■••ulora.  ad- 
"•Inwt'atort.  or  aaalgna. 

That  In  dalhult  tharaof  aald  party  ef  iha  aacond 

SfnjJ5{L.*!SS*?"'  •"•"'"'•fiSJ.,  or  alSina, 
•haU  aObct  tucb  Inauranaa,  and  thapramlum  anii 
oramUimt,  ata.,  oaM  for  .Abetlng  tfta  wmaTahSlI 
b««lla«  on  aaM  morlg.|.d  pramlaaa,  adi^ad  to 
tha  amount  ef  aald  bonj  or  obligation,  and  a«. 
cured  by  thaaa  praaanta. 

CoviMAirr-lNcuMMiAHcw  raaa  r*oM. 
...X?.'i."S±1*i'r^S5l  ■"  ••»^  •Ingular  tha  ap. 
P''l!S"*"**V?"?'*'**»»*  »*«ntl«ina3l    and  con. 
vayad,  are  flrao  from  all  iMumbranrc.  of  what 
Datura  or  Uii«  Mavar. 


J44 


CONVEYANCES. 


AHOTMBa— WniH  huMtn  PutMisn  Am  Mo«t- 

GAIillD. 

That  Uld  pramlsM,  and  all  and  tlna ular  tha 
appurtanaacaa  harainbafora  mantlonad  and  aa- 
■Ignad,  new  ara,  and  from  hancaferth  durlna  tha 

raitdua  of  aald  tarm  of ,  hy  aald  laaaa  grantad, 

■hall  rrmain  and  contlnua  unto  aald  C.  D7,  hta  ax- 
acutpra,ate.,diichar(ed  and  fraa  from  allcharaaa 
and  Incumhrancaa  of  all  and  avary  kind  and  iia> 
tura  whKcaoavar. 

ThKt  tha  ranu  and  covananta  In  aald  laaaa  ra- 
aarvad  and  contalnad,  which  from  any  auch 
hraach  or  dafault  In  tha  paymant  of  tha  monay 
according  to  tha  condition  or  proviao  aforaaald, 
ahallgrowduaon  tha  tanant'aand  laaaaa'apart 
and  bahair,  to  ba  paid  and  parformad,  and  alao 

the  laaaa  baaring  iata  tha day  of-^,  mada 

">Lf'i" ,  of  tha  haraby  mortgaged  pramlaaa. 

which  rant,  fh»m  and  aftar  any  aSch  Saaeh  or 
dafault  ahall  happan  aa  aforaaald, aHalllacoma 
dua  and  payabia  (and  be  forfeited)  unto  aald  C  D.. 
hU  aaacutora,  adminiatratora,  and  aaalgna. 

CovaMANT— LiAsa  Mortcacid  w  Valid. 

aaaling  and   dalivaring  of  thaaa  praaanta  /a  a 

Rood, auAelant,  valid  and  affactuanaaaa  In  law: 
'fi  jj  'l''"Z'".ft"«''  »"<•  onaurrandarad,  and  that 

and  during  ma  ramaindar  of  aald  farai  harala 
graritaiia 

«.    .     CoVBKAirr-PATMatlT  OF  MONBT. 

That  aald  A.  B  ,  for  hlmaair,  hia  haira,  axecii- 
tora,  and  adminiatratora,  dooa  covanant,  promiaa. 
■nd  firaa,  to  and  wlUi  taid  C.  D.,  hIa  aMcutora 

"2!"  21  — :  "•""•"r  with  Intaraat  fisr  the  aama. 
*!^'  **\S  '?**!  "J"*  ■*  *!>•  *'")a  and  In  the  mannar 

?SS'inJ'rJ*r^.'r  **r  p**""*"}  tharaof,.id;ii 

carding  to  tha  trua  intent  and  meaning  of  tha 
■bova-writtan  coadiUoB  aiMl  proviao. 

_,       CoVlJNAJfT— PaVMBMT  OF  TaXI^,  BTC. 

That  aald  A.  B.,  bla  haira,  caacutora,  and  ad- 

and  at  ^  timaa  haraafter,  and  until  tha  »um  ol' 
— -  dcltan,  and  Intaraat  theraon.  ahall  ba  fully 
paid  unto  aald  C.  D.  aa  aforaaald,  pay  and  dia- 
charga  all  ^nd  all  mannar  .of  Umm  and  aaaaaal 
manta  which  ahaU  ba  laid  or  aaaaoad  thereupon, 
or  upon  any  part  tharaof,  or  upon  aald  C.  D.,  hii 

I!*?Sf*i?1^»,*'  any  part  cf  tha  Mitaa,  by  au- 
thorityof  tha  (Congrew  (ffriie  I'nitel  St«tw  nMrmi 
■ucniUy.  »r  l«gi«lnlui«,  w  court,  ar  council,  etc. .  ele. . 
of  iihe  commonwealth,  or  Sute.  »,-  muni<:tiiallty,  Mc.{ 

ii.I*^i5**?'S'T{!  •»™««"  •«•»  kMrin/amni: 
nad  aald  C.  p.,  hia  axaeutora,  iiu.,  cfand  from 

mil'Sf "L*^•'«*•  "".*  «'fw«t«»  which  ahaU  or 
^XJ^^I  '■  ■ny*;'*"  j»«wr*avar,  by  raaaon 
of  Uia  non-payment  of  aaid  tMaa  or  •aaaaananta. 

CoVBNANIV-PotrfM  TO  A«tl6N. 

That  M^tl  A.  a  now  hM  in  bimaaffluN  ptiwer 
and  good  right  to  aaaian,  grant,  anl  mor^a 

foil  afwJlidf "'*"*°"'  •*••  •"  *•  "•"•*  •«» 

That  upon  full  paymant  and  diacharge  of  aaid 

that  shall  be  net  upon  uld  C.  D.,  hit  execulon.  etc..  in 
rnpect  thereof,  according  to  the  co.idltioa  or  nrovino 
aroreuid  jind  the  true  intent  of  these  preHenti),  ha,  tha 
IS?.?-  "••*•"•  •«•«»»?«.  Wc.  ahall  ani^  wMat 
anytime  after,  upon  tha  lawful  renuaat  and  at 

ajMcutora,  ate. ,  deliver  up  thla  preaant  nmvcyanea 
^r  mortgage)  to  be  cancatlad  and  madawWror 
otharwiaa    raaaaign  or  raconvay  all  »•  i^i. 

f^^uVSr  ""*"  ••''•  *i  ^'  •>'•  •««««tora,  etc.,  or 
SSS£,"wl'  gf'S2L"t'«f«'«r.«>»«»k>r  writing. 
mSS.  t"  '?LJ?'**'  *••><•  '"«o  ••all),  •maoint  «r 
fi2«.jxwrttlng, under  hia  or  thalV  lESli^ 
•a-J  (and  likewiie  lo  deKvar  ftp  I*  him  or  diem  iho  i«^ 
bat-.  «ade  by ^,  to  .ajf  A.  B.).  ftM4  Ml  Stta- 


charged  of  a.^d  from  all  IncaaWaMaa  mt  what- 
ever nature  or  •.;nd  aeevar. 

CovBNAMr— Racatrr  to  aa  a  Good  DiaeNAaaa. 
/»r  J\rritur-M<imtf. 

That  the  recalpt  or  raeelpu  of  aaid  C.  D  .  or 
hia  aaacutera,  adminiatratora  or  aaalgaa,  aha!  be 
a  good  and  aiiffletent  diacharge  to  the  pmbaaari 

-^i-'h-J""*"*'  •'.•!''  PM«  thereof  for  their 
purchaaa-monay,  and  that  auch  purchaaara,  their 

payment  theraof,  and  having  auch  receipt,  be 
liable  to  aee  to  ita  being  apollad  upon  o;  for  the 

truata  or  purpoaea  of rfo  thaaTpraaanta  ex* 

preaaed,  or  by  tha  aame  Intended,  or  in  eny  man. 
ner  howaoayer  unauliabla,  or  liable  for  aiiy  loii. 
nj^laapplleation,  or  non-appUcation  of  inch  pur' 
chaaa-miinay,  or  fijy  part  thereof  (or  be  In  «nv 
manner  obliged  to  Inquire  Into  the  necet^ity,  eaaadieacv 
or  authority  of  or  for  »ny  tmh  tale  or  nice;.  "  ' 

•t.      ,.  CcvBKAirr— Right  to  Convbt. 

good  right  and  full  power  to  give,  grant,  aell  and 
eonvaylbe  premiaaa  above  (o.^HeielrSeror.  granted 

•aaigna,  in  tha  mannir  afbraeaid  and  accordinr 
to  tfii  Inunt  of  theee  preeeataT^         «*oreinf 

-rfc.»  &'i'2?'?~?*V.«.?*  DBFAtflT,  WK. 

That  If  dafbolt  ehall  be  made  in  the  pa*aia..t 
of  aald  aum  of  money  above  mantleaaJTSr  anu 


due  thereon,  or  of  any  part  thereof,  anSTrMiaia 
due  i.nd  unpaid  at  (heMpiration  of  — --da« 
after  the  aama  ahall  bacMneSue  and  aAyabIa  ae. 


cording  to  tha  condition  of  aald  bondraan/And 
from  tEeneeferth  it  ahaU  ba  lawfiUfe?  aSd  Mrty 
«'<>>•  Mcond  part.  hU  aaacutora,  admlnlnraton 
and  aaeigna.  to  eooaider  the  whole  oraaid^ncl! 
pal  aMoj  aad  buom  aa  afbreaald,  aa  Immeliately 
Sua  and  Myabla.and  to  enter  Intoa^^nVfi 
and  ttlBgttter  aaid  pramiaae  hereby  teMitA,  and 

equity  of  redemption  of  laid  party  of  the  flrfl  part,  hi. 
hein.  eeecutoie,  adminliiiaton,  or  astigui  thttelaj  at 
public  auction  recording  to  /aw.  "~"";  « 

i.IS*JL2l'  !"222  2'^**  P*"r  «'»•»•  *«t  part 

and  aopolntw:'  for  that  purpdea  to  make  Mid  da- 
livjjr  lo  the  rarehaaar  oTjIarehaa^Tti^^  . 
gop«  and  BufBciant  deed  or  deede  of  CMrmMM 

meneya  arlaiac  from  euch  aale  to  tetala  the 

E'*?^  *"*'  "•*ff^  '!'»•«'»  ••»••  then  be  due 
•ntf  owing  on  ea<i  bond  or  obNgatlOB.  toMther 
with  the  eoeta  aad  ehargaa^orSTwIe  aTaail 


mone^aaythnre  ahaU  bS. wMo aai/p«W 


or  aaeigsa. 

That  aaid  aale  ae  imada  ahall  forever  be  a  ita^ 
^*J:^  ^tr  both  in  law  Md  «|ai^rMa<aet  eaU 
party  of  the  Snrt  part,  hie  hein  anff  Maigaa,  a^ 

I  oihar  poBBaaa  Satalag  or  to  claii^i%  prTm- 


all 


''"••""aftKr.flKS.'^''*''"'''^^^'^' 


them,  or  I 


C«r«i«Aiir-SA«,  Btc.-tON  Dbfavlt,  mk. 
Pravided  alwaya.  and  tt  ia  hereby  Mpreaaly 
aveed between iSiepartlev hereto:   '  ""r"^ 

»/nw!?r  •IZT-'S'V^  •^  iateraJTwr  any 
part  therao^  thra  end  ia  aaeh  caaa  It  ehall  and 
may  ba  tawfal  for  the  aald  C  D..  Ma heiraer  wh 
*'f5l**  in>»*<U«tidy  on  or  at  any  time  theraaftw^ 

SSS»^'.r^  ^  y^"**.**  wpltjfOf  re- 
m.SCTf.'i.,  *'*_^lJ5-,'  ^  wlthoathiBtoimce, 
tnplMtMtoii,  or  oppoeition.  to  make  aale  abao- 

Mt4  ibortgaged  prraiaeiL  or  aey  or  aithw'  of 


im  alt  incamWaMM  tt  what. 
laoavar. 

irr  TO  aa  a  Good  DiamAMia. 

t  or  raeatpu  of  aald  C  O  .  or 
ilniatratora  ar  aaalgaa,  ahaU  ix 
nt  dltcharga  to  tlia  parchaaari 
or  anjr  pMt  tharaof,  far  thair 
ind  that  auch  purchaaara,  thalr 

adnilniatralora,ahaU  not  afttr 
•nd  havlnc  aueh  recalpt,  ba 
^iag  appllad  upon  or  forth* 

or  -— ,  In  thaae  praaanta  ax- 
lama  taundad.  or  In  any  man. 
lulubia,  or  liabla  for  any  lou, 

non-appHcation  of  mch  pur- 
ny  part  tharaof  (or  b«  tn  uny 
Jir*  into  ihe  n«c««lty,  titpaditacy 
any  »uch  ula  or  Met  J.  ' 

— Right  to  Cowvav. 
1  A.  B.,  now  haa  In  Mroaalf 

P«»»ar  ta  f  Iva,  arant,  asll  and 
I  abova  (<»-^ar{lnE«rar«  J  grantad 
M  of  aaid  C.  D..  hla  haira  and 
nor  atbraaaid  and  aceordtnf 
•a  praaanta. 

Ul«  ON  DaVAVLT,  WK. 

)aU  ba  mada  in  tha  payiaiaa 
nay  abova  mantlaaad.  ar  an» 
tha  intaraat  that  may  crow 
["T:  pwrt  tharaof,  and  ramaia 

Iha  aspiration  of dayi 

.5f**??  *?5  nnd  n*vabla  ac 
""•J  of  aaid  bondTtban,  «ad 
ahaU  ba  lawful  Ibr  aaid  pwty 
hto  aaacutora,  admlnlatratort 
Mar  tha  whola  of  aaid  princi- 
aa  albraaaid,  aa  Immaiiately 
Ad  to  antar  into  and  upon  aU 
iramiaaa  harato  traatad.  and 
if  tha  aama  (and  alt  hm»it  and 
*  Mfd  party  of  ihg  flnt  part,  Kb 
nhtmtort.  or  aitigm  thatalD)  at 
iding  to  law. 

•' •••<  pargr  of  tha  llrat  part 
*nly  auflMriaad,  MMMtHtad, 
Mt  purpoaa  tomahaandda- 
■w  or  porcKaaata  tharaof  a 
■oad  or  da^ofconvayaac* 
iafaaalMpla;  aadaiitarth* 
m  auch  aala  to  ratatn  tha 
«t  which  tfMll  than  ba  du* 
bMd  or  eMI|m«ioB,  tomthar 
chargas  cf  &a  aak  sf  aaid 
iMMrwptaaafaaidDnrehaaa- 
•hall  ba.HMoaau  aartyof 
fa,osaautara.  c..^tnlmiion 

mAdaabail  fa(«varteapa^ 

?T.*^-.*»^»'5,'  M rtnat  aaU 
t.  hla  haira  and  aaaigna,  and 
mine  or  M  ctalaa  aafil  pram- 
rwf.V>  froaif  or  nodar  Urn, 
im. 

'  **^--tPf  D'Mw.T,  arc. 
and  it  to  haraby  aapraaahr 
partiaa  harato  i  " 

Ml  ba  mada  In  tha  paymaat 
doltata,  and  latarMTor  an* 
■><<  >"  wch  caaa  It  ahaU  and 
la  aaM  C  D.,  Ma  haira  or  a*, 
n  or  at  any  tlmatharaaitar, 
korlty  tnA  aaM  A.  a.,  hli 
iMt  purpMO  tham  (a  harvia 

feracloaa  ttM  amity  of  r»t 
■  n.,  or  witho«tMiii«MC«, 
Mitien,  t«  mnka  aala  abae. 
liapoaa  of  an  an*  avwy  tbt 
uriiaa,  or  My  ar  oithw-  of 
maof,  with  thalr  aaipMrta- 
jjw  or  in  aaparatt  gSrcali, 
ti«aa,  at  hla V  tMrdiacra- 
Bch  aum  orwmu  of  m»nn 
v4f  airfMant  at  am  aucfc 
ta  aama  ar  any  »art  thanmf, 

without  bd&aaawMrabia 
ba  auatalaadTiUkM  eomray 


CONVEYANCES. 


!hirb?i*id' Whr'^^*"*!'  "••  >'•«•'•-  which 

S;.!.  il!?i_  •*•  *•  *•••  purchaaara  tharaof,  hl->  or 
Ihalr  haira.  aaacutora,  admlnlatratora,  apnolnuJI 
or  aailgna,  or  otharwiaa,  aa  ha  or  thav  aha^rd^rHJ 

•»•!■■  HI  aaia  a.  h.,  or  hto  lag     rapraaanuUva. 

Prevldad  alwaya,  navarthalaaa : 

That  no  aato,  or  public  notice  or  advartiMm..> 

pr,ml.«  or  .»,  p,rt  ih,n«,f ».  u"tll  thj  aiplratton 

iTfci/IT^' .   ." ^"  "••  •"•  hafra  or  aaaicna.  or  laft 

at  hto  or  thalr  laat  or  uiual  place  ofabSdl 

for  oihar  Cova«A«., «,  M Jk"a oi  'SIS':  Wow. 

0*aclaalMia  la  XoriarMr««  •f  Kaal 

Se«  Dkiiii>st,  abava. 
Blgaad  (and  Mated) ;  «r, 


545 
WItnaaa  my  hand  and  aaal.thto day  of . 

For  form  of  AcKHowianoM.MT.  J^i^x  iloT''^ 

For  form  of  AcKHowianonaiir,  m*  thu  liui."" 

MoartMOR— Induha  Form. 
AB         _       »« 'nuiana,  above. 
/V  >*  "f,^***"  *'"'  ^•"••'«»  ««  C.  D.  {<U,cHt. 

«m««M4,  m<^t,,pim€„, l,m,,rlimt, rf^^,Hi\.t, ., 

batad,  aignad,  and  aaatod,  thto day  of . 

For  form  of  AcKKowtaDOMaNT.  .1'  thii  iui"''^ 

atc.°  "^'"*  *''•  "P'y'"*"*  (•^  Ptrformaae.)  of, 
Witnoaa  tha  following  aignatura  and  aaal. 
For  form  of  AcKNoWLaooiiBMT.  Me  tK^  iS?''^ 


Btgnad,  aaalad,  and  aekoowladgad ;  »r, 
WItnaaa  our  banda  (and  Kale) ;  tr, 
Olvan  undar  our  haoda  (and  leab) ;  »r, 
*tl?rJU"'~  w<«««>f.^i^araunto  aat  ear  handa. 

In  witnaaa  wharaof,  the  partlaa  to  thaaa  .^^ 
•nta  hava  har«unto  aatOjaft  hVni,  .tc.  i Tr.''"^ 

i„?-*r}*?I!"^''y^'"'  wt  hava  hereunto  aat  our 
hj,nda(.^^^  »m,«l  our  Mal.)(« ;,?hla  JTdiJ 

•*•■•!*■«•  f««i«  ««»Ia). 
See  paaM,  abovu. 

A<«««««tJaN«  vr  W«iMcaa  CImmm. 

bar:  Daaw,  ahore. 

AIlimirvBieaMCir  the  conveyance  or  incumhrano. 
or  In  anywlM  atbctlM  real  •„(.  „^  Int^f  325!! 

ini  or  aeedt,  «o.,  in  order  to  aflc^  Judoment  crcditon 
I^Bmjujju  pureha-,..  mortgage,  i,^^  C«ma,: 

■HtOIIVrOKKMO 


MoaTaMB.^tMiuut  to  ChahcklLok  Kairr^  Dno. 


:^?--?A.';:nj.Uairh^'«''  «=■  »>•.<»' ~rir  the- 

.oIMSorafSr  •/uS%?'!!f al'.Sja'I'oi: 
grant,  bargain,  aall  and  convay  unto  tS;  ISSd 
S^n'Jf  "la^  ""iPJl  P«i*«>«  tolhto  haira Tnd^ 

aacl^^-i^F-'-'fer^^^^^^ 
S'-^^fir'ii-tal^JKtflte^^^ 

«Si«:ssf..«ttj?tn:!fbo^-s^^ 
;it:2i.?:s&^7orS'a?d'  2±a':S'&S 

aropowarad  to  aaU  tha  PramtoiSXva  dTMrite^ 

Wrt  U."aASf  ».!?•  •W^rt.nwc'lro'JaS 
i2?-r:T2.*Ji"'  "•  •"•""•r  praacribad  by  taw  • 
and  out  of  the  money  artaiag  from  auch  nto  to 

n.4  .kT^LfS^  and  chaiwaa  of  making  aucEaate : 
fhf  ^IS,**^!?*'  "My  There  ba,  ahdl  baMid  by 
i^!.»*??J"l''*"«  •"'^  •»••.  on  damand.'to  the 

TO{„^VT.»li:d'';is^%fS^^« 
!ie':,te"iSvr^siru'ir^'-'>^«-^x?^ 

Baacutadlnpraaaneaof    t*^'»  (--^ '-'•)] 
»  or  form  of  AcRMOWLaouMBRT,  lae  that  title 

cojVitei':  i&r^''**-^  '-^"'"  •**" 

Thatl.  A.  BTrOf  — ,  for  the  conalderatlon  of 
T^^^lStnt'  S!lrf*  »•  "W-'uM  aattotoSlon"  do 
SiHV'n^/iJ^W}"'  **P  V*  conBrm  unto  the 

hto  and  thalr  proper  uao  and  behoof,  fecevw. 


'ilii 


!  1  '..J. 


34« 


CONVE'-ANCES. 


And  atoe  I,  tht  vtld  graater,  do,  for  rnvMir,  my 

r'.'i''  i"*  !?."J»'*"**«1  »•••  •»•'"  •"<•  •"i«fn«,  that 
at  and  unui  tha  aaaaaliag  of  thaaa  praaaato,  I  am 

J!,i-'*.!2i'**ir'lS'"*'  •"'•  •"•••  ••«»<•  '••••t  to  bar- 
gain and  aall  tha  aama  la  mannar  and  form  aa 
abova  writtan  i  and  that  tha  aama  ara  fra*  from 
dll  tncumbrancaa  whataoavar. 

2ifc-??2*"iS?*  "**  "••'?  »«"?"•'.  to  warrant  an<^ 
f- '2?*  '?;  •bova^iraotad  and  barvalnad  pramiaaa 
to  Wm.tha  aaid  arantaa,  and  hia  haira  and  IT 
a^rna,  agalnat  alF  alalma  and  daraaada  what- 

hand  (and  acal)  thia day  of 

n  •ll*.!!'*  ^*  ^  ••  J>»;«'7  InJ'btad  to  tha  aaM  C 
O.  in  tha  aum  of; —  dofiara,  aa  avidancad  by  hia 

wito,  oayabia  to  tha  aaid  grantaa  or  ordar 

alUr  dato.  with  Intaraat  i 
How,  tharafora,  ff  aaid  note  ahall  ba  wall  and 

!!t5.-«ir*"'  •»>««w»lea,  to  ramain  in  full  forca 

ffiTn-aSnialad,  and  daUyariS^"^"  <"--'« 
in  praaanca  of  / 

For  (arm  of  AcKNOWLBDOManT,  tat  that  lllla. 

IVM  C0vtnmmtt  4um^  /memmOrtmeu  :  I,  Immrt;  I0 
'V  ■  •K/'^r'*"'  •*'  D^imtl,  tic. 
■H'"*"  l>{  thaaa  praaanu: 


Know „,^ ,...„_„. 

.u^Vr'*  ^'^{,'^~~'  •»  «?«MWaratlon  of  tha 

aum  of deilara,  to  ma  paid  by  C  0..of . 

tha  racalpt  wharaofi  do  haraby  acknowl^daa.  do 

tna  aaid  C.  D.,  hia  haira  and  aaalgna,  foravar.a 
cartain  piaca  or  pareal  of  tend.  atiiiata74»r#/«A 

appartalnlng  and  balonalnK : 

fcJt  ''■•*•  •?*  *•.  *•'*  *•  •••"•  to  tha  aaid  C.  D. . 

hlif  fJlJitw  t"^"'  »•  "^  •«">«>»•«'  «•  •»«•  bai 

acutori'  Sli^filt-."::  'ST  "«rf«"'.'«ny  haira,  a«- 
S?^  fP*n"K?i"i'?**'"l  «••»  e«vanant  with 
.  *  ,5^*'  <"  *'••  •>■■  haira  and  aaalana  that  *  am 
awfUlhf  aaiaad  la  faa  of  tha  aft^raatMl  pifam- 

that  I  hava  good  riaht  to  aall  and  eoavay  tha 
aama  to  tha  aaid  Cl>.,  aa  aforaaald ;  and  that  I 

5,'i'ii'w.s:5!^:&s«r"i^'  ■»*  •<«'""«t2t«ri 

ff  iSu 'klE*  !!S  **'5°*  M»Jf«ma  to  tha  aaid  C. 
S"*r  .   .  f*"  Md  aaalgna  foravar,  againat  tha 

,,,f«»»«*^  n«wthalaaa.  that  if  t'biMSSd  A.  B.. 

«  iSiSj.rSif'.S'J  ••••  •«•«"*«"•  •<»»inlatratota 
•r  aaalgoa,  tha  aaid  amn  of  -— ,  with  lawful  in. 
taraat,  on  or  baforo  tha-U day  «r---.?ad  ahaU 
kaap  tha  pramiaaa  Jnaurad  agaiMt  flra  la  a  aum 

a^  C.  O..  hia  asaeutota,  ate.,  In  aueh  ioauiaasa 

evra  due  with  ihoe  prcMnu,  ilgnMl  by  tha  laid  A.  B 

J  *-i.  ?  ».*K."V  •^"  "^  •n««'aM  at  the  tima  afore- 
faid.  du^l  baabMlutdy  void  loallintenti  and  purpoi«l. 
fcr  (a  ceruin  obltaarion  Orbond.  bMrii»  wren'd.wwitii 

U.  in  tha  pcAaliy  of — -  doUan,  conditioned  to  pay  the  • 
ik^ilZhrar'"^  !».««  a.  .h.  tln..al£S.,d, 
In  witnaaa  wharaof,  ate. 
For  form  of  AcKHowLaocMBNT.  Ma  that  titla. 

mSi'tht'^'^KSw'ii^sssiark  rsr** 

^  v.,  of eounty,  in  tha  Stata  of        nF  lEx 

aacond  part.  wltnaM^  i       "        ^       ' "'  *' 

tlon  of  tha  aum  of doUara,  tha  racaipt  of  which 


^,^nl*^,ViS^\:*^>*'^  by  thaaa  nraaanM 
fr  .u*'  '^'■•i"'  ••"v«n<«  convoy  unto  aaid  party 
//■•"".•^"J"*  »^!l''J'*»  •"••«  and  aaaigna,  abthi 
following  daacrlbad  raal  aautt,  .ItiiataJ  In  th? 
eounty  o7 ,  and  Stota  of ,  .0  wit :  'di^Ui^ 

.hn'i'VMWr?an*5;;.a":sr«^^^^ 
wit'SK."„'ij;r'fS:::.r''"'''°«'"«  •'  *-  •"• 

ProvMad  alwaya,  and  thaaa  praaanta  ara  uoon 
Sl^  S^fV^  condition,  that  wfi.raaa.«aid  Afl? 
haa  thia  dayaaccutad  and  daUvarad  hia  eartaln 
promtaaory  not;  in  wriUng  to  aaid  party  of  the 
Si?!",  ^'  •''••"ch  tha  following  to^^  2^^ 
coplaa  {fMnrtuI  a  cm/,  ,r  mittmit).  ' 

Now,  If  add  party  of  tha  Drat  part  ahall  mv  or 

h?."haS^'2L»!.'d'.''  •^•«.!5«"y«rtha  a^oiT^t' 

ril"'!!"  •'.!*!'«"••  ••W  •»«»  o'  money  in  tba 
abova-daaeribed  nou  mentioned,  together  with 

sjo^^irjs^irxri-j^f^^M^^ 

r^m'ill^tffX-A'SJ.'^ajit."^'^*''''-"''-" 

.i.?'!L*/  ••**  •"."■  "  •""••  »»'  money,  or  any  pan 
thereof,  or  anv  intaraat  thereon,  la  not  >ald  wSen 
tha  aama  ia  due;  and  if  tha  taaea  andMaewH 
mante  of  every  nature  which  ara  or  may  baaal 
aaaaed  end  levied  againat  aald^rmlaea  oTanv 

uM  ™*  ""Jf*  •"*  •**?"••  tban  tha  whole  of 
htCh'Jl?-!2l':i"'iL."'*  •»»«"»  thereon,  ahall' 
by  thaaa  praaanta.  baeoma  due  and  payatiia.  and 
Mid  party  of  tha  aacond  part  ahaU  baTntttSid  to 
the  poaaaaaloa  of  aaid  pramiaaa. 

In  wltneea  whereof,  {he  aaid  party  of  tha  flrat 
8^'?a'KJi';;;i?t*er*'"'  "-"-.ScJ-yanigJ 

Baecuted  in  praaanca  of 
For  forai  of  AcaaowtaooiiaKT,  laa  that  titla. 

tyUA  Hr,fgtr,  AlUrii,;  F„,  ,u. 

«Ua^ti.r:!i'r;or.-::teMri  t^**^ 

county,  in  the  8u^  of-LroVTa'ft^t^J;;; 
£L.-:'.i'^~r  «?»"'ty,ln  the  Itato  of-i-To^X 
aacond  part,  wltneaacth : 

ti7n  «f /hil?- K"'  '^^  .?■*»  '•rtj  •»  conaldaraa^ 
won  of  the  aum  of  — —  doliara,  etc.  \thu  tmragrm^Km 

/*Z'i'**  •»?  to  hold  tha  aama,  tegatber.  ate. 

Provided  aWaya,  and  thaaa  praaanta,  w^u^U, 
A>mtra>l  Art*  MM,  a«  /«  rt«/rM  a<wi).      ' 
Now.lr  aaid  narty  of  tba  Ant  part  abaU  pay  or 

-i!..^"'  liSf**"*'  ••"  aim  of  money  10*031 
fwfl?:*!!!'!^?^  "•*•  menUooad,  together  with 

toS«?/Si*£S:!?"'.5''«'S?«»«  to  thJtormaand 
tenor  or  tha  aama;  thak^theaa  praaanta  ahall  ba 
whoUy  dlaehargad  and  vuid ;  aa?otba^tM  ahaU 
ramain  in  full  firca  and  dTaet.  '"""""  "»" 
But  if  aaid  aum  or  auma.of  moaoy.  or  any  part 
thereof,  or  any  iuteraat  tharao*.  la  not  paid  when 
the  Mma  la  due;  and  If  tha'taaaaa^^aaS!^ 
menta  of  wary  nature,  which  ara  or  may  beS- 
aeaaad  and  toviad  againat  aaid  mm{f«i.  iirV!^ 
part  thereof,  ara  Mt  paid  whaTSa  ^.Si  w^ 

?h-i?i-j^"lJ"^  •""«•.•"«>  IntaraaTthJrian. 

JrfciSf'l"?!.*'  «*'*y  •'  *ha  aacond  part  ahJTba 
antitiad  to  tha  poaaaaaloa  of  aaid  premiaaT^ 

And  aaid  party  of  tha  flrtt  part^rtbarwna 
upon  daCittIt  or%a  abovS^^HSnto^  VSZ- 
tlona.  or  any  or  either  oftham,  to  paySa  m«?^ 
— -  doUaia.  for  mortgagaa  or  UoMalgMr  a& 
toranr'a  (baa  for  foroSSiara  otHb^mMmSh 
which  aum  ahall  ba  a  Uao  upon  aaid  om^S! 
•«>^«>tba  amount  of  aaid  ^Su^tiUfSdT: 
cured  by  thaaa  praaanta.  and  ahalllM  iUicinM  in 
and  oparata  aa  a  part  of  tha  Judgmaat^Mfci^ 
eloaureorthiamm^aga.      '"^■■•■»  •*•■  to<f^ 

wfiJad!*'^*^  «««»PtJoii,  and  valuatloa  ara 
In  witnaaa  wharaof,  ate.  I 

For  fona  of  AvKMowuueMainr,  lae  dut  tide. 


M,  ioM  by  thMc  pr«Mn« 
ind  convey  unto  Mid  part* 
•  htin  and  ■asigni,  ■»  thi 
r««l  nuu,  altuaMd  in  tiM 
'»•  o' .  'o  wU  ;  {dtteritiitt 

Id  th«  MKio,  togtthtr  with 
tantmtnu,  hartdiumanta, 
irauatobalongiiur  or  in  •ay- 
■tvar.  ' 

id  thaaa  praaanta  ara  upon 
1,  that  wfiaraMi,«aid  Ara 
•nd  daUvarad  hla  eartain 

n  tha  followteg  la  (vr  arc) 
ftrtUtlnut). 

if  tha  flrat  part  ahall  pay  or 
Id  party oriha aacandiMrt, 
Mid  aum  of  monay  in  tha 
raantlonad.  togathar  with 
iMording  to  tha  tarma  and 
•n  thaaa  praaantt  ahall  ba 
I  void ;  and  otharwiaa  ahall 
daffact. 

ima  of  monay,  or  any  part 
tharaon,  la  not  paid  wlian 
I  If  tha  usaa  and  aaaaaa- 
I  which  ara  or  may  ba  aa- 
Inat  aald  iMromlaaa  or  any 
lid  whan  tha  aama  ara  by 
lyabia,  than  tha  whoto  of 
nd  intaraat  tharaon,  ahall, 
•ma  dua  and  payabia,  and 
d  part  ahall  ba  aaUUad  to 
pramiaaa, 

}>•••«  Mrty  of  tha  flrat 
la  hand,  tha  day  and  yaar 

of 

.BOOMiMT,  loa  that  lliU, 


Utrnif't  Fttt.  lie. 
indcniurs,  «>■)   mortgaca. 
— ,  batwaan  A.  B.,  o?-— - 
-— ,  of  tha  Arat  part,  and 
I  tha  Itata  of — .of^ 

I  Arat  part,  in  conaldara^^k  j 
altara.  ate.  (tkit  MmgrifMm  \ 

tha  aama,  togatbar,  ate 
tt  —  m  tkt/»rm  «4wv). 

thaaa  praaanta.  ate  (tkii 
(m  tkt/trm  at " 


tba  Ant  part  ahait  pay  or 
wuty  oflha  aacondpairt, 
Id  aum  of  monay  to  tha 
lantionad,  togathar  with 
«rdlng  to  tha  tarma  and 
<  thaaa  praaanta  ihall  ba 
tad ;  and  otharwiaa  ahall 
offact. 

la.of  monay,  or  any  part 
•>•"••.  ta  not  paid  wWn 
if  tha  tama  and  aaaaaa- 
Nrhich  ara  or  may  baafe- 
•*  "^^  P»«i»f'*a,  or  any 
m  whan  tha  aama  ai« 
^ayabia,  than  tha  wbft:e 
,  and  intaraat  tharaon, 
>ta  bacoma  du«  and  pay^ 
ha  jMcond  part  ahaO  ba 
Bofaaldpramiaaa. 
Arat  part  furtbar  agrea, 
«  eovaaanta  aad  «oMU- 
tham,  to  My  tba  aum  of 
gaa  or  h&Maigm'  at- 
laura  of  tbia  martgaca. 
•»  «PO«.««M  prtmCSa, 
aald  obUmti<M.and  aa- 
and  ahalfba  lncln4a«  In 
ba  Judgmaat  upo«  Ctra- 

ton,  and  mhiatiaB  art 

!.  \ 

wMnr.aaathatihla. 


4^^^rauMf!J5:,jl7.^^M-»4^--x 

'•/At  Mmta,  in  tk, /,rm  *W)'         V»l>^r»gra^ 
(MTfA.!i;!^3i  .!•,>"•  «"•  "'"•.tofath.r.atc. 


CONVEVANCES. 


•oma  inauranea  office  to  bS  appr?^7d  {.t  ifi 

^^ra„^s.i''i.ir^„^-    tra£ 

IndLiSf"  Vt—nu  ahall  ba  wholly  dSehS^a 
Ind S" i*"* otharwiaa  ahall rtmalilnlSufXM 

.••??* '/  ••'*  •""■  »'  •»«•»••  of  monay.  or  anv  nar* 
^l^i  "•  "5»  P""»  *"•"  tbi^-am?2Ja"y?r2 

of  tham,  tha  whola  of  aaid  °uS  and  aum!  .ni 
intaraat  tharaon,  ahaU  and  bv^aaamZ!!.!:  k 
com.  dua  and  piyabla.  „d  ild  SS^^tSiTii!' 

fojSliw'iySrtht  mS^^aSi.***  ^""^'■"'»  "'«'' 
wrSKd^"""'  •"•■P'lo"'  ««•  valuation  ara 
In  witneaa  wharaof,  tha  apld  pan*,  ate 
ror  form  of  AcKi»wi«Si.?'2'thSW 


— ,  batwaan  A.  M..  iir'aii  wT/TT  "^"L**^ 


-•5iWmX'ff.V(a*svT^r£?±f 


347 

S«t"'-1'.'."'"i'Vf<'j:<^"""""'"«««'"»)of .of  tha 

m2«V«f  .»f*V  o'Amarlea.  condltlontd  far  t>ia  pay. 
?«    (  aoilarj,  Ilka  lawful  monay  aa  aforaMld   in 

Kovidad.  howavar,  and  it  la  th.raby  a.praaaly 

pjm:,!j\vr.'r':.v:?-.i!.5^^^^^^^^^^^ 
:Kii'f2S  d  Aira:?'.r'"''P^'''  ^-'•^ 

Kld-W-B'H"-^^^^^^^^^ 

lMi.a^  K.V^L^'"j*"~"l'*"'  ■<>mlni«ratora.  or 

:^'^*;^,«ro'f  iVd  v.?„wii'„i'»M.v^r 

«!:,",.  app'.^'""""  •*"•  •"•''  «"'• '"I'y  -nd 

ro"Mii;.%ra";!?erV.'p-;:s;r„  i^^^^^ 

—T.*. '^J'*,*."*  to  hold  tha  Eald  maaauaaa  oUu 

'"£ii'5A'^*^«»».  feraver.  ^*  '^^  °" 

.  *if»*i^*l"Jw«y».  naverthalaaa,  that  If  tha  aald 

Pnmdad  furtbar,  in  caaa  tfT  dcbui*  <!.  it.  _ 

s:Vp:u*oV&'{r-.wH;'H«^^^^^^^^^ 


CONVEYANCES. 


nfMt  tki*  aNMiM  ln<l«nlaM  of  mertgaga,  mi4  t« 
pr«c««tf  M  oa«a  tharaen  In  racovar  Uia  principal 


manaya  haraby  aaciira^,  ani  all  InMraat  tharaon, 
rain 

-     -~      '  "? 

And  Airthar,  the  aaM  m<af  igacor  doth  haraky, 


according  to  law,  without  furthar  atay,  aay  taw 
or  uaaga  to  tha  contrary  notwilhatandiiig. 


for  hlmaalf,  hia  haira,  axatuteta,  admlnlalratora, 
and  aaaigna,  aapraacly  walva,  raUnqulah,  and  dla- 
panaa  unto  C.  O..  tha  aaid  moilgagca,  hia  halia. 
aaacutora,  admtnlatratora,  and  aaaiana,  ail  and 
avary  provlalon  and  proviahtna  in  tha  act  of  aa- 
aamoly  <)f  Icgltlaiure)  of  tha  Stata  (i"-  Cuminon- 

wraiih  I  of ( Auprovtd  «r)  pMoad  en  tha day 

of ,  antilltd  '^An  act,"  ata..  to  faraa  tha  aama 

may  cxampt  tha  aald  haraby  lAoitgagad  lot  of 
land  and  appurtananeaa,  and  a.iy  part  tharaof, 
from  lavv  and  aala,  by  *lrtua  of  a.iy  writ  «<f  aaa- 
cutlon  that  may  b«  iaauad  upon  any  Judgmant 
that  may  b«  obtainod  or  aotarad  In  k  ly  action  for 
tha  racovary  of  tha  mortgagt-monay  harain  man- 
tionad  to  ba  paid,  aa4  any  Intaraai  dua  tharaon, 
and  of  tha  caata  ol  aueb  action  a»4  aarcuttun  :  ao 
that  It  ahall  ba  lawfkil  iof  C,  D„  tha  avid  mott- 
gagaa,  hi«  h4lia,aaacutar«,  adminiatratcra,  or  aa- 
aigna,  to  procaod  by  exacution  to  Invy  upon  an4 
aall  ma  aaid  haraby  mortgaged  tot  of  ground, 
and  avary  part  tharaof,  with  tha  appurltmancaa 
a«  aforaaafd.  In  tha  aama  mannar,  an4  to.  tha 
aama  extant,  and  to  tM  aama  aAct.  to  all  intanta 
and  purpeaaa,  aa  if  tha  aaid  act  of  aaaambty  («»■ 
tagiflaiun^  had  not  boon  (approvrd  «r)  paaaad. 

In  wi^oaaa  wharaof,  tha  aaid  giartiaa  to  tkaaa 
praaanta  hava  lntarchi«ngaal>ly  aat  thair  handa 
and  ■e«la  harat>«<o.  Dotad  tha  day  and  year  ftrat 
above  written. 

(HYra/jfri]  (Sifnatmrft  Mill  Shi/i.) 

KoNik  TO  AccnmrAitv  ma  Aaova  MoRTOAOa. 

Know  all  man  by  Aaae  praaanta : 

That  I,  A.  B., of  (the  city  of) ,ln county, 

and  tha  Stata  (*r  Comaionweiitih)  of  — ,  am  haU 
and  i^rmly  bound  unta  C.  D.,  of  the  aama  city 
and  Stata  aforaaaM,  in  the  aum  of  (Ave  ihoutamf) 
dollaro,  lawful  money  of  the  United  Statea  of 
America,  to  ba  peUa  to  the  aaid  C.  D.,  or  hia  cer- 
tain attorney,  •xecutora,  adminiatratora.  or  aa- 
algna ;  to  wMek  payment,  well  and  truly  t«  ba 
made,  I  da  bin4  aayaalf,  my  betra,  oaactrtara,  and 
adminiatratora,  aiMl  aver*  of  tnatn,  flrmly  by 
theae  praaanta.  Sealed  with  my  acal,  and  dated 
the day  of ——.in  the  year  of  our  l<ord  — . 

The  condition  of  thta  oWigatioB  la  aiMt»,  that 
If  the  above -baanden  A.  B.,or  hia  heira.eaecu- 
t<««,  adminiatratora,  or  any  of  thorn,  diall  and 
d  I  wall  and  truly  panf  or  cauae  to  be  paid  unto 
the  abova-nawod  C.  O.,  or  hia  cerwia  attorney, 
emeutora,  adminialratoia,  or  asaigna,  the  iuat 
aum  of  (two  thouund  and  five  hundred)  doHan,  like 
lawful  Boney  •«  afcraaaid,  in  (five)  voan  firom  the 
lereof,  toMtkar  with  lawtbl  fotareat  for  the 
tha  ikrat  payment  of  intaraat  tn  be  made 
'on  the  —  day  M  — —  aeitt  enanliig  the  date 
hereof,  and  ttaraaKar  (hatf-yaaily)  ttwm  that  day, 
without  any  fittud  or  fMhar  dalay,  than  tbe 
above  obligation  to  be  void,  or  alaa  to  bo  and  re- 
main in  fun  ferco  and  virtue : 

Previdod,  however,  and  it  H  hereby  eaoreaely 
agreed,  that  if  at  any  tima  deleaK  ahall  be  made 
In  tha  payMeat  of  imeraa*  on  m<t  aaid  principal 
for  tho  apace  of  thirty  daya  after  any  payment 
thereof  anaH  fan  dno,  than  and  in  attch  caae  tha 
whole  principal  defet  afbraeaid  akaO,  at  the  optkrn 
of  the  aaid  C.  D.,  or  hia  adminialratora  or  aeaigna, 
basomo  due  and  payaMo  immadiately,  and  pay- 
ment of  eaid  princftal  and  aH  Intereet  thereon 
may  b«  enforced  and  reoovarad  at  once,  anything 
herein  eontaiaad  to  tho  contrary  theroer  not- 
withatandins.  A.  9,    [Sml.\ 

Signed,  aealad,  and  daUvarad  ) 

In  praaanta  af   .  '     / 

WAnaANT  or  ATTomnrr  lo  AccoMMitv  mr  Aaova 

Hmn*,  WHna  ir  u  T>b«ici«>»  to  Atraiioaiaa  tmb 

EKnmiMQ  or  Jubgmbkt. 

To  A.  A.,  Bm|.,  attorney  of  tbd  — —  caart,  at 
— ,in  the  county  of —>,  in  ttM  Stata  <*rCam- 
oMawcaMi)  of——,  or  M  anyatliar  attorney  «f  tha 
aaid  court,  or  of  acy  nther  couit,  thaia  or  alaa- 
wherai  . 

Wiar«wA.B.,ia«a4  bjra  ««rtal|i  pbUfatlOB 


bearing  even  date  herewith,  doea  etand  baui4 
unto  C.  D.  In  Iha  aum  ei(liva  iIkumiiiiI)  dallar<i 
lawftil  monay  uf  the  Unttad  Stataa  of  AmariSA 
condttionad  lor  tha  paymaM  of  tha  juat  aum  ol 
(iwo  ihiiuvaiul  jikI  livr  liniitirtil/  dollara,  lilia  lawful 
monay  aa  aforaaaid,  in  flu*  yrara  from  the  data 
thereof,  together  with  lawlui  inlaratt  for  tha 
aama,  the  Arat  paymeut  of  tiitetaat  to  be  made  on 

tha day  of next  enauing  tha  data  thereof, 

and  thereafter  (hAlfyeeilyi  from  that  day;  pro- 
vided, however,  and  It »:  h4»«by  exp/eaaly  agreed, 
that  If  at  any  time  defkutt  ahall  be  made  in  *h« 
payment  of  intereet  on  the  aaid  principal  for  the 
apace  of  thirty  daya  after  any  payment  thereof 
ahall  fall  due,  than  and  in  B«.ch  caae  the  w  hole  prin- 
cipal debt  aforaaaid  ahall,  at  tha  option  of  tha  said 
C.  D.,  hia  executora.  adminiatralora,  or  aaaigna, 
bacoroa  due  and  payable  immediately,  and  pay- 
ment of  eald  principal  and  all  int«reat  thereon 
maybe  enforced  and  recover<>d  at  once,  anything 
therein  coolaioad  to  the  contrary  thereof  rol- 
wlthatandlng : 

Tbeeo  are  to  deaire  and  authorlie  )fou,  or  any 
of  you,  to  appear  for  me,  my  heira,  executora, 
or  adminiatratora.  In  the  eald  court  or  eleewhera. 
In  an  action  of  debt  there  or  eleewhere  lirouBht  or 
tobaln-oughtagalnat  ma,  the  aald  A.  B.,my  naira. 
executora  or  adminiatratora,  at  thaauitof  theaald 
C.  D., hia  axecutoio, adminiatratora  or  aaalgna.on 
tha  eaid  obligation,  aa  of  any  term  or  time  paat. 

firaaent,  or  any  other  aubeequent  term  or  time 
hare  or  elaawhere  to  be  held, and  to  confaea  Judg- 
mant thereupon  agalnat  me,  the  aaid  A.  >.,  my 
heire,  executora,  or  admtntAtratoia,  for  tha  auiq  of 
(<lvathou*and  i  dollara,  lawful  monay  of  tha  United 
Statae  of  America,  debt,  beeidea  coata  of  ault,  by 
•r«a  mm  iif/ertautiu,  mUkiiauil,  tit  othciwiaa,  aa  to 
you  ahall  aeem  meet :  and  frr  your  or  any  of  your 
ao  doing,  thia  ahati  ba  your  auBcient  warrant. 

And  I  do  herahy,  for  myaalf,  my  hotra,  eaecu- 
tora.  and  adminiatratora,  remiea,releaae,and  for- 
ever quit-claim  unto  tho  aaid  C.  D. ,  hia  certain 
attorney,  eaacutore,admininratoro,  and  aaa^ne, 
all  and  all  manner  of  error  and  arroee,  mie^iaiona, 
mlaantriea,  dafocta.  and  Imparfactiona  whatever 
io  the  entering  of  the  eaid  Judgmant,  or  any  pro- 
ceae  or  proceedinga  tharaon  or  thetate,  ar  any- 
wiae  touching  or  concerning  the  eama. 

In  witnaae  whereof,  I  have  herauato  eat  my 

hand  and  eoal,  the  —  day  of ,  In  tha  year  of 

our  Lord—.  A.  B.    [Smi.] 

Signed,  eealed,  and  delivered  1 

fit  praaenca  of  f 

Know  all  man  by  theaa  preaenta  i 

That  I,  &  l>.,ot  - — ,  in  ^—  county.  State  of 
— ,  the  mortgagee  named  in  a  certaia  mortgage 

given  by  A.  0..  of ,  In  —  county.  State  of 

— -.  to  aaid  C.  D.,  to  aecure  the  payment  of — 
dollara  and  Intereet,  dated  the  —  day  of  — — ,  re- 
corded In  the  volume  — ,  on  page  — ,  af  the 
reglatry  efdaada  for  the  county  of—.  In  coaaid- 
aratlon  of  tha  aum  of—  doHara  to  me  paid  by 
B.  F.,  of—.  In  —  county,  State  of—,  the  re- 
ceipt of  which  ia  hereby  aehiiowledgad,  do  here- 
by eon,  aaaign,  tranaCv,  aet  over  andconvey  unta 
eaid  B.  W.t  nta  heira  and  aattgna.  aald  mortgage 
and  the  real  aetata  thereby  canveyed,  together 
with  the  pramieeory  note,  debt  and  claim  tharaiiy 
aesured,  and  tha  covenanta  therein  contained. 

To  hava  and  to  hoM  the  vame  to  him,  the'  eaid 
B  P.,  and  hja  hair*  and  aaaigna,  to  hie  end  their 
uee  and  behoof  fbrevtr :  aubjact,  navertheteae,  to 
the  canditiona  therein  containeid  (and  to  redcmp- 
I  on  acGcfdiag  to  law). 

In  witnaaa  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  eet  my 
hand  (and  acal),  thia  —  day  of—. 

litrnaAwv.]   [Sm/.] 
Buectttad  and  daHveradI 

in  praaenca  of  / 

For  fena  of  AcuMowuiDatMHT,  aea  that  tiUa. 

Mmrttptgm  «r  m*im,t  Wi  nparty— A— Ig— 


IW/U 

und 


If  AA  Anvr  «r  AUarmt. 

an  «an  by  thaaa  praaeatai  \ 

That  I,  C  Dm  of  —  catinty,  and  Stata  «f -~— . 
part/  of  th«  Sirat  part,  (n  «9n«td«r«tlM  9f  tlw 


^ 


Mvllh.  Am*  •t«n4  keuM 
t  •!  (hv*  ili"w%«M<li  dollars 
Jni<M4  State*  of  AmaricA 
ymani  of  tha  jua<  aum  ol 
iMlndi  dollara,  Ilka  lawful 
I  Awa  y«ara  from  tha  data 
I  iawlui  intaraat  for  tha 
I  of  tiilaraat  to  b*  made  on 
t  anauing  tha  data  tharaof, 
ttlyi  from  that  ilayi  pro- 
it  hotby  anpraaaly  ag ratd, 
Butt  ahall  b«  mad*  m  'ha 
I  tha  aaid  prlnclfMl  for  tht 
ftar  any  |t«ymant  tharaof 
n  ai  ch  c«aa  tha  whala  prin- 
>ll,  at  tha  option  of  tha  aaid 
idminiatratora,  or  aaaigna, 
>ta  immadialaly,  and  pay- 
I  and  all  inuraat  tharaon 
icovarsd  at  onca,  anything 
tha  contrary  tharaof  P«t- 

•nd  authorin  you,  or  any 
ma,  my  haira,  aaacutora, 
>a  aaid  court  or  alaawhar*, 
ra  or  aiaawhata  brought  or 
la,  tha  aaid  A.  B.,  my  naira, 
■tora,  at  thaaull  of  Iha  aaid 
mInlatrMotaor  aaaigna,  on 

of  any  tarm  or  tima  paat. 

aubaaquant  tarm  or  lima 
a  held, and  to  confaaa  Judg> 
at  ma.  tha  aaid  A.  B.,  my 
aInUlratoia,  for  tha  auoi  of 
iwful  monay  M  tha  Unitad 
«,  baatdaa  coau  of  ault,  by 
iitihil,  mi  ethciwiaa,  aa  to 
and  frr  y«ur  or  aay  of  your 
your  auMciaat  warrant, 
r  myaair,  my  hatro,  aaacu- 
ra,  ramlaa,  rolaaaa.and  lor- 
lia  aaid  C.  D.,hia  eartain 
imialttratora,  and  aaaigna, 
rerand  «rrMa,mtaprlalona, 
d  ImparfactiMM  whatavar 
laid  Judgmant,  or  any  pro* 
loraoa  or  thatata,  ar  aay- 
itnlng  Hm  aasM. 
,  I  hava  harauatc  aat  my 

day  of ,  Im  tha  year  of 

A.>.    pbw/.l 


I  Pr*p«r<]r<-.4iBln« 

IMit. 

laaprasanta: 

,  In  — ■  county,  ttata  of 
mad  In  •  cartels  mortg aga 
-,  In  —  county,  Slata  of 
acura  tha  pavmaat  of  •— 

itad  tha  —  My  of ,  ro- 

— ,  oa  paga  — ,  of  tha 
«  county  of —,1a  ceaaid- 
— -  doMara  to  me  paid  by 
mmy,  Btata  of—,  the  re- 
>y  txliiMwIedjied,  d*  hete- 
r,  aat  oivef  aBacoavey  unto 
id  aaaigns.  aaid  mortgage 
ereby  caaveyed.  together 
ite,  debt  and  claim  thereby 
•at*  iherdo  eaataioed. 
the  tame  to  hliii,  tha'aald 
d  aaaigaa,  lo  hie  and  their 
:  aufejact,  aaverthclaaa,  to 
conMinod  («ad  lo  icdemp- 

I  have  bereuate  aat  my 
-dayof— . 


'} 


umoiMNT,  aee  abal  title. 
I  g|  ap  ■Hjr-.A— lg»» 

•epraaealai         \ 
county,  mad  tiate  of-.—, 
I,  iR  «9p«i4fr«tiM  «f  Vm 


CONVEYANCES. 


Ml 


•urn  of dollart,  lo  ma  In  ha"d  paid  by  B.  F.. 

of county,  and  ■ut*  of .  of  the  enconii 

part,  the  receipt  whereof  It  hereby  acknowl- 
tdt*d.  hae  and  by  theee  preeentt  doe*  |r*ni.  ber- 
I*in,  eell,  aaaign,  trantfer,  and  *et  over  unto  the 
Mill  party  of  tne  eeconi)  part,  hi*  executor*,  ad- 
minletrator*.  and  a(*i|na,  a  certain    niuftmieg. 

bearing  date  the d«y  of ,  made  by  A.  B., 

of  —  county,  and  State  of iJ»*r,  J,^  r,i>,  ikt 

"■arUyr,  amifitalf  lhtVi>liHHt»in4/,n^,  nktrt  it  it  ttr- 
/./.■ry,/,  to  which  reference  may  be  made,  together 
with  oil  the  right,  title,  Iniereat,  and  eeute  of  aaid 
party  of  the  flnit  part.  In  and  to  the  pramlaea  da- 
•cribed  and  conveyed  In  and  by  aaid  mortgage. 

Tsgelher  with  the  bond  or  n.iui  therein  de- 
ecribed  and  the  money  due  and  to  grow  due 
tnereon,  with  the  intcrett  accruing  or  accrued. 

To  have  and  to  hold  the  aama,  unto  the  aaid 
party  of  tha  aacond  part,  hia  axacutore,  adminia- 
traiora,  and  atalgna,  .'or  hi*  and  their  uaa,  eubject 
only  to  the  proviae  la  tha  aaid  mortgage  men- 
tioned :  ^^ 

And  I  do  hereby  make,  conatltuta,  and  appoint 
the  laid  party  of  the  aacond  part,  ray  true  and 
lawful  attorney.  Irrevocably  In  my  name  or  other- 
wiie,  but  at  hIa  own  proper  coata  and  chargea.to 
have,  uaa,  and  taka  all  lawful  waya  and  maana 
for  the  recovery  of  the  aaid  monay  and  Interest : 
and  in  case  of  payment,  to  discharge  the  eama  aa 
fully  aa  I  mighi  or  eould  do  if  theae  preaenu  w^te 
not  made. 
In  witneaa  whereof,  etc. 

For  r»rm  of  AcKHOWLaooMBtrr,  tea  that  title. 
M*Hcac«  mt  KmI  l>r*r«r«jr-Aaalvii. 

.      (MANt. 
By  m  Car^atUn. 
Know  aO  man  bv  theaa  praaenta: 
That  the  -—(#*»  ligmi  n*m*  ^  tht  frp,rmlUn 
Mttfa/V).  •alattng  aa  a  corporate  body.V  "nd 
uaJer  the  tawa  ol'tha  8Ut?or  of .  of  the  first 

Cirt.  for  and  in  conaldaratlon  of  the  aum  of . 
wAiJ  mooay  of  the  Unitad  Suiee.to  the  lalii 
corporation  paid  by  B.  t.,  of i  etc.,  of  the  aac- 
ond part,  tha  receipt  of  which  la  hereby  acbnowl- 
(dgad.haa  and  by  theae  preaaatt  doae  grant,  bar- 
fain,  sell,  aaaiga,  tranafar,  and  aet  over  unto  the 
•aid  party  of  the  aceond  part,  a  certain  mortgage, 
bearfng  «»W  the  — - jUuf  •': .  m««l«  by  A.  ?.| 


aaid  C.  D..hla  hairs,  eaecutors,  admlnlalratora  or 
*»*lgn*,  and  to  ihl*  payment  I  hereby  bind  my- 
»eir,  my  heir*.  tKicutora,  and  administratoia, 
hfmly  bv  ih(*e  present*. 

5tf*led  with  my  *eal,  thia dayof . 

Tn«  coniJiiion  of  the  above  obligation  la: 
Th«.t  if  I,  the  eaid  A.  B.,  or  my  hair*,  eaecutora, 
or  administrator*.  *hall  pay  or  cause  to  be  paid 

unto  the  eaid  C.  D.,the  *um  of \k,r,  ,U^tu 

Ihr  ailmil  a^„uHt  a/  im  Jeh  or  mm  tott  it,  MrrJ) 

op  the  day  of  — ,  with  Intereet  at  the  rat* 

?/-.ir~ ."•' 5""''  P«''""nu'niP*y«ble  six  month* 

from   'he    data    hereof,  and  everv  month* 

alterwjrd*.  until  the  eaid  (um  i*  paid,  then  the 
above  obligation  ahall  be  void  and  of  no  effect 
and  otherwlie  it  ehall  remain  in  full  force. 

And  I  further  agree  and  cove.iant,  that  if  any 
payment  of  Intereat  be  withheld  or  delayed  for 
— -  dava  after  euch  payment  ahall  lall  due,  Iha 
aaid  principal  aum  and  all  arrearage  of  intereet 
thereon,  ahall  be  and  become  due  Immediately 

"".^^  «  "P*!"*'"  o' day*,  at  tha  option  of 

aaid  C.  D.,hia  aaacutora,  adminlairalors,  or  aa- 
aigna. A,  R      fVn./  I 

Baacutad  and  delivered  I  '    ^         ' 

in  praacnca  of  f 

^or^tmmmmrnmmi  Pr«i|i#rt]r-D*wMrNiiil 

J5'?'*»*S'*'""'  •'•"'••••imwii  n4>iMn««i. 

Jfitiout  rowtr  ^  irt/r  nn4  iviikoMt  Wnrrnnly. 

ThIa  (toiiveyaiice.    »r    indenture,    or)    mortgaaa. 

made  thIa day  of ,  between  A.  B.,  o"  — - 

county.  State  of ,  and  W.,  wife  of  aaid  A.  B. , 

partlea  of  the  Aral  part,  and  C.  O. ,  of cohnty 

'%i.*  *'  T^»P*"y  »'  *he  eecond  («art,  witneaaath . 

That  whereaa,  the  aaid  party  of  tha  Arst  part 
la  juatly  indebted  to  tha  aaid  party  of  the  aecond 


of V»»*.  \^*rt  trii^Htteritt  l)u  mtrlgngr),  the 

~  eoltli 


"2*  '^"«  *,'»'y  fH"««f^  io  tbe  office  ertli'e're^ 

cordar  fee  reei<ur)  ©?  deoda  for  tha  county  of , 

-,  to  which  mortgage  reference 


may  be  had. 

therein  daacrtbad.  aad  the  maneya  due,  and  to 
grow  due  thereon,  with  the  loureat ! 
•^o  have  and  to  .hold  the  aama  unto  tha  aaid 

■or  hie  and  their  own  uae,  aubiect  only  to  thapro- 
vlso  in  the  k->id  Indenture  of  mortgage  meouoaed. 
And  the  aaid  parUM  of  tha  Aral  pan  do  hereby 
make,  iBOMtltttie,  and  appotat  the  eaid  party  of 
the  aaMmd  part  their  true  aad  lawful  atteraay. 
Irrevocable,  in  the  aama  of  tha  aaid  partiaa  of  tfa 

and  chargea  af  the  aaid  party  of  the  aecond  part, 
to  han,  uaa  and  Ube  all  lawful  waya  aad  miTna 

«nd  in  oMe  of  naymeat  to  diacharge  the  aama  aa 
Ili"W  «*•  «»«P«tiaa  of  the  Brat  wt  might  or 
could  do  if  theaa  prtaeata  were  nut  made. 

In  witaeaa  whereef,  the  aaid  partiea  of  tha  Rrat 
pert  have  eauaed  thair  cammoiiaeal  to  bo  ansad 
to  theaa  praaeata,  and  tha  aama  to  bengnad  by 
their  preaident  and  aacretarvtor  allur  MTtr),  tbM 
—  dayof-—.  iSlgiiatmrt^tjUttrt.) 

&i(ned,  aaaled,  aad  deUverad ) 
■n  preaeaee  of  / 

For  form  of  AcwimwLBOGMairr,  see  thai  title. 


Know  aU  man  h)r  theaa  preaentai 


That  I,  A- fl-tW-— ,  la  -—  county,  and  State 
If — ,  am  held  aad  armly  betaad  unto  C.  D.,  of 

f.,,rT»'R.n:  jf**^*  •»*  #«•»•  •'  — .  ««*  the 

^  •*  Wwfrt  tk»  mmmua  ^tkt  ftimtt,.  mtmtfy 


part  In  tha  aum  of ,  secured  to  be  paid  by  a 

certain  promissory  note  (or  bond,  i/turitjw  ii\ 

That  thr  aaid  partlea  of  the  Arst  part,  for  Iha 
better  eacuriog  the  payment  of  the  monay  afore- 
eaid,  with  Intereat  thereon,  according  to  tha  tenor 
and  effect  of  tha  aaid  note  {or  iHind  i  above  men- 
tioned ;  and  alao  in  sonsidaraiion  of  the  further 
aum  of  one  dollar,  to  them  in  hand  paid  by  the  said 
party  of  the  aacond  part,  at  the  delivery  of  thsae 
preaenu,  tha  receipt  of  which  is  hereby  acknowl- 
edged, have  and  by  theaa  present*  do  grant, 
bargain,  aell  and  convey  unto  tha  said  party  at 
..*  **co"^  P*rt,  hIa  heir*  and  aaslgns,  forever, 
all  that  (e/rr  Hn<ril-i  iHr  /irnniiei  <:»ntyt4) 

To  have  and  to  ]«old  the  aama,  together  whh 
all  and  eingular  the  tcnemcnta,  hereditaments, 
privllegea  and  appurtanancea  thereunto  belong- 
ing or  in  anywiee  appertaining.  And  alao  all  the 
eataie,  Intereat  and  claim  whaiaoever  in  law  aa 
wall  aa  in  asuity,  which  the  partlea  of  the  Arst 
part  have  in  and  to  tha  premiaes  hereby  conveyed 
unto  the  aaid  party  of  the  aecond  pan.and  hIa 
heira  and  asaigns,  and  to  their  only  proper  uae, 
beaeBt  aad  behoof. 

And  the  eaid  partlea  of  fhe  Aral  part  hereby 
eapraaaly  waive,  releaar.  relinquish  and  convey 
unto  the  aaid  partv  of  the  aecond  part,  and  his 
heira,  esecutera,  ddminiatratora,  and  aaaigna,  all 
right,  titla.  claim,  intereat  and  beneAt  whatever, 
in  and  to  the  above-described  premises,  and  each 
aad  every  part  thereof,  which  la  given  by  or  re- 
aulta  from  all  lawa  of  thia  State  relating  to  the 
exemption  ol  •"imeatcada. 

Provided  i^  ■ -m,aad  theaa  preaenta  are  upon 
thiaesprear 'cnflitioa; 

That  if  ttr  kA  party  of  th*  ,ir«t  jiort,  or  hia 
heira,  eaecutosfi,  or  admlnistrc  »*  ahall  well  and 
truly  pay  or  came  to  ba  p»id  to  the  aaid  party  of 
the  aecond  part,  or  hie  ).$  i.«,  eaecutora,  adminis 
uatora,or  aaaigna,  th«-  Wraaaid  auraoi  moniy, 
with  auch  Intertat  there-in,  at  the  time  and  In  the 
manner  apeciAed  in  the  aiMve-mentioned  note  w- 
boiid)  according  to  the  true  intent  and  meaninc 
thereof,  then  In  that  caae  theae  preaent*  and 
everything  herein  eipreaaed  shall  be  abaolutaly 
void  and  of  no  elfect. 

In  witaeaa  whereof,  the  aaid  partlea  of  the  Aiat 
part  hereunto  eet  their  handa  (and  waU)  the  day 
and  year  Brat  above  written.         A.  B.    \Stmt  J 
Signed,  aaaled,  and  delivered  I       W.  B.  U»/  ] 
in  preaanca  of  / 

tor  Wr  vf  V«mwwi.«ff^MKMr,  •«*  that  tttte- 


Ml 


WK:'*^: 


-'*^™— -'"'"""'■— "■^"-nm'miT 


Jf* 


CONVEVANCW 


ThI*  (ca ' 'f«y*ne«,    «r  IndM' .  »,  <<  )   Ki  trtafats ; . 

m«4t  thi* day  if ,  b«%v*»-»«  A.  fc..  •f , 

tu.,  party  fif  tha  i;'tt  part,  mat.  C  b.,  at 1 

•tc,  pani»  ct'  tha  aasond  part,  m     aaaatb  i 

Wh»r«(3»\,tha  aaM  a  B.  la  Juatty  lnd«bta4  to 
tha  aal4  itv^i  ai  tha  tf.o^*  sartiin  t)-.i«um  of 
—  4et' jtrt ,  1  tura4  :«  b«  |»i>id  by  a  Obrtalii  bobd 
arobltgit'tC'.-  ti.Mrta|  »'<an  data  with  thaaa  praa- 

#nU|in  v>«  t>?ualauni  of dolUii,  tindlttooad 

for  ina  payiM*>it  of  tha  aald  !tn«t>.«n4ntionad  ru« 

sf dollar*  aa  by    ^•  aaM  .  ^<td  cr  ebUgai.'au, 

«nd  tha  aond.f  >•>  tl  >«of. '  itl«i*i>«!<  batog  tb«ia> 
,ato  had,  mkj  i.>or« -ullyar'aaa' 

That  tha  aald  partv  af  t)  t.  tax  pmX  t«r  t^K  in%- 
tar  aaciirliig  tha  ptyma.^-f  »f  tha  -twi'-JI  uinii  «./ 
monay mknl'anad in  t ;  oei f&)tlonol'>l'<'<^ ««id  bond 
mr  obUcallon, with  In  (.re*  i> aravti,  h  ;  '>rdlng  to 
<..')•  trua  Intant  and  mk^nlitt  L'lark.ii,  tuii  alaofor 
and  Id  eooaldaratlon  of  tha  aumof  ooa  dollar  to 
him  In  hand  paid  by  tha  aald  party  of  tha  aacond 
part,  tha  raaalpt  wharcof  la  haraby  acknowi- 
adffad,haa  and  by  thaaa  praaanu  doaa  grant,  bar- 

8 am,  aall,  alian,  ralaaaa.  <•>  -  vay,  and  eoaitrni  unto 
la  aald  party  qf  tha  aac«<:  '<  part,  and  to  hia  haira 
and  aaaigna  foravar,  aU<il«> '  detcritt  Ikt  frtmlm). 
Togathar  with  all  and  alrij[«>lar  tha  tanamanta, 
haradlumann,  and  appurti«')r«n«aa  tharaunto  ba- 
longing  or  In  anywiaa  a|.'vv'»«talng,  and  tha  ra- 
varaion  and  ravaralona,  t^u-  tndar  and  ramaln- 
dara,  ranta,  iaauaa,  and  pr«vU<  tharaofi  and  alao 
all  tha  aatata,  right,  titia.  Int..  >  «at,  proparty,  poa- 
aaaalon,  claim,  and  daasand  *<j>.atao<tvar,  aa  wall 
in  law  aa  In  acuity,  of  tha  aaldi  party  of  tha  Arat 
part,  of,  in,  and  to  tha  aama,  k<-3  avary  part  and 
pareal  tharaof,  with  tha  appurttaanaaa: 

To  hava  and  to  hold  tha  abf'va^rantad,  bar- 
galnad,  and  daacrlbad  pramiaaa,  with  tha  appur- 
tanancaa,  unto  tha  aald  party  of  tha  aacond  part, 
and  hia  haira  and  aaaigna,  to  hia  and  thalr  own 
propar  naa,  banaflt  ana  bahoof,  foravar. 

Provldad  alwaya,  and  thaaa  praaaato  ara  upon 
thia  aapraaa  condition  i 

That  If  tha  aald  party  of  tha  irat  part,  or  hia 
haira,  aaacutora.  or  adralaiatratora,  ahall  wall  and 
truly  pay  unto  tha  aatd  party  of  tha  aaeond  part, 
or  hia  aaacutora.  adminlatratora.  or  aaaigna,  tha 
aaid  a«m  of  mooay  asanttonad  In  tha  condition 
of  tha  aaid  bond  or  obligation,  and  tha  latoraat 
tharaon,  at  tha  tuna  and  in  tna  mannar  aaan- 
tlonad  in  tha  aald  condition  according  to  tha  tma 
latant  and  maaaing  tharaof,  that  than  thaaa  praa- 
ante,  and  tha  aataM  haraby  gnntfd,  ahoU  aaMa, 
datarmlna,  and  ba  void. 

And  tha  aald  A.  B. ,  tor  himaalf  and  hia  haira,  ax- 
acutera,  and  adminlatratora,  doaa  covaiMnt  and 
agraa,  to  pay  unto  tha  aaid  party  of  tha  aaoond 
part,  or  hia  axecutora,  adminlatratora,  or  aatlgna, 
tha  aaid  aom  of  ntona»  and  latoraat  aa  mantlonad 
abova  and  aapraaaad  in  tha.condlttoa  of  tha  aaid 


And  if  datoult  ahalt  ba  mada  la  tha  paymant  of 
tha  aaid  aum  of  monay  abov*  maattonad,  or  tha 
latcraat  that  may  grow  dua  thataon,  or  of  any 
part  tharaof,  that  than  and  f^m  thaneaforth  It 
ahall  ba  law  <!  for  tha  aald  pnity  of  tha  aacond 
part,  or  hit  <x«cutera,adnUtMkaton,  or  aaaigna, 
to  antar  into  and  upon  alt  ^  i-  tgular  tha  pram- 
iaaa haraby  grantad  or  iaji  n.\  m  to  ba,  and  to 
Ball  and  dlapoaa  of  tha  aar '.-  til  banaAt  and 

oquity  ( 'radamsMoa  ofn  >  <wld  party  of  tha  Arat 
ptrt,  or  hia  hain  ooen  ■  .,  aflminlatrmtoro,  or 
aaaigna  tharaia,  at  iMv'-,  tit,;«tea  j 

And  out  of  tha  r  ' '  '^ ,  'M-tg  from  a^wh  aola, 
to  rcuin  tha  prlnc  ^^  ,.  i.ntaraat,  wbleh  ahaH 
than  ba  due  on  tb  '4  pond  or  obiigatlOB,  to- 
gathar with  the  coa««  .  '  ehargaa  of  hdvartlao- 
"  TMomlaaa,  randartug . 
~   aonay  (If  any  thcra 


maot  and  aala  of  th 
tha  ov^rplua  of  tha  >  ■ 
thall  Im)  unto  tha  aa'  >    . 
pan,  or  hia  haira,  aaacut.  . 
aaaigna,  which  aaM,  ao  to  . 
baapaniatualbar,bethii  iit 
tha  aaid  party  of  tha  tnr 
aaaigna,  and  all  othor  poiowM. 


tht  -jM  t^tlaao,  or  any  part  tharaof,  by,  l^m.or 

un'i'^c   >,  n  or  tham,  or  any  of  tham. 
|.>  '<>' itaan*  wharcof,  tha  partica  to  thaaa  prta- 

Sa«'  «>  «wa  haraunto  sat  iKtlir  handa  (ind  Molt),  the 
«v  !ti-'i<  yaar  Aral  aboya     rlttan. 

A.  •.    ISml.] 
%iH.t«A  M<td  dallvcrad  In )  C.  D.    \ilt»l.\ 

tha  (.vcaanca  of  / 

Fur  foriB  of  AcHHowLaooMBirr,  »m  ihal  till*. 

M«rtgr«v||«  mt  Raitl  rr«|Mrly— Bjr  C*r- 

TSiit«   (i.i>nv«yanc«,   »r  inthniura,  »r)  mortgagt, 

nada  thlo  —  day  of .  batwcin  A.  B.,  E.  P., 

'....  M.,  ate,  tha  truatoaaf  tha — -aoclatyof  lh« 
.  J  tha  town  of.  ato..  of '"     * 

AI.4  c.  o.,ur 
BJ(»«»tn  I 


-  church  in  tha  town  of,  aw.,  of  tha  Arat  partt 
'   "  etc.,  ef  tha  aacond  part,  wit^ 


-«rty  of  tha  flrat 

,  .    mialatMtora,  or 

-•da,  «han  toravar 

«i  taouttjr.agidnat 

';  V  id  hia  haira  and 

...onilng  or  to  claim 


that  than,  and  ftam  thaneaforth.lt  ahall  ha  law- 
fttl  tor  tha  aald  party  of  tha  aaoond  part,  hia  ax- 
aontora,  adminlatratora,  and  oa^na,  to  antar  lata 


iltai  tha  aald  party  of  tha  Aiat  part,  for  and  In 

e«i(»«t4aratlon  or  tha  aum  of dollara,  da** 

grant,  bargain,  aall,  and  convay  unto  tha  said 
party  of  tha  aacond  part,  and  tolti*  haira  and  at- 
Bigaa,  ail  {htrt  /tllmut  Ikt  dturi^tttm):  tog*tb«r 
with  all  and  aingubir  tha  haraditamant*  and  cp- 
purtananc**  tharaunto  balooging,  or  in  anywl** 
t  {WT^rUining. 

Thia  convcyanea  la  intandcd  ( as  a  mortgin)  to  ••- 

cura  tha  paymant  of  tha  aum  of dollar*,  In 

from  tha  day  of  tha  data  of  thaaa  praaanu, 

with  —  annual  intaraat ;  according  to  tha  con- 
dition of  a  cartoin  bond  bearing  avan  data  here- 
with,aaacutad  by  tha  aald  party  af  tha  Arat  part  to 
tha  aald  party  of  tha  sacond  part ;  and  tha  aaul  tru*- 

\Mm  of tha  aaclaty  of  tha church  in,  ale, 

for  tliamaalvaa  and  thalr  auecoaaora,  do  eoyahant 
and  ograa  to  pay  unto  tha  aaid  party  of  tha  aac- 
ond part,  hia  aaacutora  and  adminlatratora,  or 
aaaigna,  tha  aaid  aum  of  moaay,  and  intaraat,  a* 
abova  mantlonad.  and  aa  aapraaaad  la  tha  con- 
dition of  tha  aaid  boi>4: 

And  if  dadittit  ahall  ba  mada  In  tha  paymant 
of  tha  aaid  aum  of  moaay  aa  above  maaUoned, 
or  tho  latoraat  that  may  grew  dua  tharaoa,  or  of 
any  part  of  althar  tha  aald  priadipal  or  Intaraat, 

that  thaa,  and  ftam  t»  "        

fttl  tor  tha  aald  party 
tera,  adminiotratoi 
aad  anea  all  and  alagiilar  tha  premieaa  haraby 
graatod  or  latondad  ao  to  bo  and  to  aall  and  dlapoae 
of  tho  acme,  aad  aU  bonaat  aad  oquity  of  rodomp- 
tloa  of  tha  aaid  parUf  of  tha  flrot  part,  tboir  aue- 
coaaora, or  aaaigna  tharala.  at  public  anctioa.  ac- 
cording to  tho  aat  la  aaeh  caaa  mode  and  pro- 
vidadi 

Aad  aa  tha  attorney  of  tho  aaid  party  of  the 
Arat  p«rt,  for  that  pu/pooa  by  thaaa  praaaato  duly 
autbof^sad.  coaatitatad,  aad  appolatad,  to  make 
aad  dalivar  to  thamrchaaar  oopurchaaara  there- 
of, a  good  aad  aaflleiaat  dead  or.daoda  of  convoy- 
aaooTa  tho  law  for  tho  oamo,  la  too  aimato;  aad 
out  of  tha  monay  artoiag  Crow  ouch  aala,  to  re- 
tain tha  priudptd  aad  iataroM  which  abaO  than 
bo  due  on  tho  aaid  boad  or  oMigattoa,  togathar 
with  tha  coott  and  ehargaa  ^f  tho  toio  of  ttio  aald 
pramlaM.  raadartng  tha  avorplua  of  tha  parahaaa- 
moaay  (if  aoy  there  •hall  be)  u$to  tha  aald  party  of 
tha  Arat  part,  thalr  auecoaaora  or  aaalgaa :  which 
aalaa,  ao  to  bo  mada,  ahall  f.^ravar  bo  a  parMbial 
bar,  both  la  law  and  acuity,  afaiaat  tho  o^iTparty 
of  tha  Arat  part,  their  auccaaaora  aadaaoigaa,and 
agaiaot  all  etbar  paraoaa  alalmlng,  or  to  claim, 
tho  pramiaaa,  or  any  part  thoraoT,  by.  ft«m,  or 
undor  tham,  or  aay  ef  tham. 

la  witnaaa  wharoef,  tha  aaid  partlaa  of  the  Aret 
part  hava  horaunto  aat  thalr  baada  and  allaed 
their  corporato  aaal,  tha  day  and  year  Arat  above 
wrtttoa.  A.  B.  V 

8.  P.  iTauaTamoa, 

L.  M.f    RC  [&a/.l 

Baaiad  aad  daHvarod  j 

in  proaoaca  of         | 
For  fena  of  AcKHowLiooMaNT,  **e  ritat  title. 

■mrtatigtc  of  ■*•!  P)r*p«rt]r— T*  C*v« 

_^  |M»n»(iMi. 

Thia  (cenveyane*,  «r  indeumre,  «r)  owrtgagft 

mode  tiila  — -  day  of ,  botwooa  A.  ilor— -, 

etc,  of  tha  Arat  part,  aad  lb*  mayor  («r  ddwacn. 


CONVEYANCES. 


>  fw%  th«r««f,  ky,  htm,  or 
r  any  of  lliain. 

,  th*  parti««  to  thM«  ar«»- 
t  thair  haa4a  (iml  Mwh).  Ui« 
>y«     TitUit. 

A.  B.    r5M/.l 
IB)  CO.    \Sf>H.\ 

VLIDOMIMT,  M*  llwl  till*. 

rMtl*H. 

>r  Imknlura,  0r)  mertgafl*, 
—,  b«twa*n  A.  ■.,  B.  F., 

•■  of  th« McUty  of  ih« 

rit  of,  ate.,  of  (ha  flret  parit 
:.i  of  tha  Mcond  pMi,  wit* 

of  tho  lliat  pan.  for  and  In 

aum  of doUara,  data 

ind  convoy  uoto  tho  aald 
irt,  and  to  nia  haira  and  aa- 
«  /**  tlfurifihn)!  tegathar 
tha  haradltamanto  and  ap- 

0  balongtng,  or  in  anywiaa 

itandad  (ai  a  mortngt)  to  aa. 
tha  aum  of  — -  dollara,  In 
ha  data  of  thaaa  praaanta, 
aat ;  aecording  to  tha  eon- 
nd  hoaring  avan  data  bare- 
laidjparty  of  tha  ItrM  nart  to 
:ontf  pari ;  and  tha  aaid  trua- 
t  of  tha  —  church  In,  ate. , 
ilraueaaaaora,  do  covahant 

>  tha  aaid  party  of  tha  aac- 
ira  and  admtnfauatora,  or 
of  noaoy.  and  tntaroM,  aa 

1  aa  aaproaaotf  In  tho  eon> 

ba  mado  In  tha  payment 
ilfena' 


lonay  aa  abovo  moBkn>u««j 
ky  grew  duo  tharaon,  or  of 
add  principal  or  Interaat, 
hancororth,  it  ahall  ba  law- 
or  tlia  aoaond  part,  bio  m- 
a,  end  aaaigna,  to  anter  Into 
lular  tho  pramlaaa  harabjr 
to  ba  and  to  aali  and  diapoaa 
naat  and  aqnity  of  radamp- 
of  tha  flrat  part,  thair  sue- 
irala,  at  puMtc  aoetton,  ac- 


of  tha  flrat  part,  thaIr  sue- 
irala,  at  puMtc  aoetton,  ac- 
•uch  «aia  mada  and  pro* 

r  of  tbo  aald  party  •'  tha 
loaa  by  thaaa  praaanta  duly 
d,  and  appaiatad,  ta  maka 
sbaaar  oopurehaaara  tbara- 
It  daad  or.daada  ofcamvoy. 
I  aaaia,iii  Mo  atmploi  and 
ling  CroNi  auek  aala,  t*  re- 
t  iMaraM  whicb  ahaO  tboa 
»nd  or  •Migattoa.  tagatfier 
irgaa  ^f  tha  nla  of  tha  aaid 
«  ovarpJiia  af  tha  parahaaO' 
I  ba)  uBto  tha  mm  party  of 
«aaaora  «r  aaaigna:  wnlch 
hall  f.<r«vat  ba  a  paraglaal 
lotty,  araiaat  tho  anwrparty 
ittcceaaora  andwMig»a,and 
ana  elalnnlng,  or  to  elalm, 
part  tiiarcoT,  by,  ft«m,  or 
tham. 

tha  aaM  partita  of  tba  flrat 
It  their  banda  and  alBaad 
It  day  and  year  flrat  above 
B.  \ 
F.  I  TatwTBBtor, 


."•i 


rLEuoMKMT,  ioa  that  tide. 

>l  rrtapcrcr— T*  Cms 

rmUtm, 

'  indenmre,  *>■)  awrtgag^ 
— ,  betwaan  A.  B..  of— i 
ind  tba  mayor  («r  ddcnnen. 


coi5rd*^?ir*ofr/a"u'r:f"'"  '•''^'  '•"•■""" 


3S« 


dollara,  to  hire 


In  hand  paid  by  tha  aald  party  of  tha  aacond  part 
i»lT'.T'  "hereof  U  he«bya.lioowkidgedT.. 
iri«"'J.uS!  •?«^»«»  *•?•  «'•"«.  bargain,  'aall, 
alien,  rciaaae,  convey,  and  conflrm  unto  the  aald 

Ugna.  Ibraver,  all  (k4r,/,fl,mi  ik*  dttr{Mi»n  aflht 


jald  jjjjrty  of  tl^e  flratVar'tT;".  In"a'.3lto  th;  im. ; 
and  dia  ravenlon  and  rovertlona,  remainder  aoii 
ramaind.ra,  rc^-ta,  jaauea.  and  proftthereof  " 

anddoacribed  promiaoa,  with  the  apaurteoaoc** 
unto  th<.  Mid  party  of  tiie  aeeond  MrtTtheir  euc- 
caaa«H»  •n'^Meisna^  to  their  only  proplr  S5. 
iMnaat.and  behoof,  forever.  i«r  »ee. 

Thia  eonveyanca  la^  intended  aa  a  mortgaaa  to 

atcure  the  payment  of  the  aum  of dollara.  in 

■"•■l"*'  fallowing,  to  wit !  ete. ;  according  to  the 
condliMa  of  a  certain  bond  »^Hng  even  date 
htrewlth,  eaecuted  by  the  eaid  party  of  the  flrat 
part  to  tha  party  of  the  eecoo/part,  and  theae 
praaanu  ahatt  bo  void  If  auah  payment  be  made 

above  provided,  th  ;n  the  party  of  the  aacond  part. 
iheirauGcaaaora  and  aM^na  are  hereby  empow' 

ail  and  every  of  the  appurtenaneea,  or  any  nan 


Ih'e'.'Sirllra'*'  ••?  •«J^trtSgXr  wiS." 
the  coata  and  chargaa  of  making  auch  aalo;  and 
the  overplua,  if  any  there  be,  ahall  ba  paid  by  the 

Sf  th'LflJSSr'XJl"?!}  '^^  •"  ''•"'.""••  «^«  P«ty 

er  the  flrat  part.  Ma  heira  or  aaaigna. 

And  the  aald  party  of  the  flrat  part  doea  cove- 
™«:ff^E.'^'  •»!}  •!'••.  to  anltJlth  tte^id 

•Igne,  that  he,  the  aaid  party  of  tho  flrat  oart 
•h«M  jn^.  wUl,  waU  an/uSly  pay  to  JhewS 
KS  tt?!.??*"*  •*!*•  *•*'  •ueceeaora  and^ 
fh'KS.?l..sf  JI"*"  »'"»•««.  with  theintereat 
f-S^SJli*  *■»•**•»•.  ••«<•  «n  the  manner  hereinbe- 
»re  maatianed,  according  to  the  eonditlon  of  the 
iaiQ  Dona. 
In  witneaa  whereof,  eu. 
Forformaf  ACKNOWLBOOMINT,  lae  that  title. 

•nH  5if**"'  ■"■■  SATiarAcrioii,  arc.,  below. 
—  day  of ,  and  recorded  wlOi daeda, 

artoi'Sf«*.i-5;;;t1rn  ^'S^^*:  StLii4i 

Wltaaaa  my  band  '.and  Mal>,  tbia day  of . 

BtaaMad  and  dallvered  I  ^' ^'    ^^^'^ 

iOBriianceof  f 

tat  farm  of  AcKKowLBOGHBirr,  tee  that  title. 


5!I!Xf****i *•*•*»■  ««f*««n  mortgaga,  baaAng 
A?B.  «r ff  •' — .■•i«  *««*«B0Uttd  S 

(//arrA%-  /4/w),  and  racorda/ln  thTaKror 

— ^to aouBty,  Bttta  af ,  la  book  — -  of 

w23W^Pf««~.0Btha— -aay5r-l-,at--. 
e'cloai.  in  Sa  -  M..  la  paid.    Ai^  I  do  hereby 

Dated  tho —— day  of— *% 
Bsaeuta^||re.MMaan  c.  O-    ISmi.] 

Fee  form  of  AcKaotruaMMaafr,  aea  -       atie. 


MMd  WMtlantriloH.  * 

_      _  *>"•  iar/pralitn. 

an  RaLBAiia,  art    S*rm-AiTioM,  aTc,  Mow. 

SrfiTfi'""*  '*",•''£.  "'•«'"•  >"><Sr  and  6y  V\7wi 

^^VV*^*  ••»•  .••■»•  <*''  t<.mmonw,.Uh)  of 
—— .do  hereby  cartliy:  ' 

d.X  Bf  ■  ••V-"."i.  """•••■t,  b-aring  data  the 

SS'a    B"-r    *^"  y««  — -. '"•de  and  aiacutad 
by  A.  B.,  of  and  upon  the  followloc  daacrlbad 

fn'tha' oAe'.°„7  L'*^.'?"" '*""'•  • '««  r*7o',d:d 
m  ine  offlee  of  the  raglatar  Ker  reorder)  of.  In.  and 

for  tho  county  of  — ,  in  book of  mwiiltt 

«••■•  T-'  •»  »»«• ''■y  of .  la  paid?   ■  "^ 

In  wllneaa  whereof,  tha  aald  corporation  haa 
thl.""* ' -.t°:r""  •••'  ••  •»•  »««.u„to  am,.d^ 

Baecuted  In  preeence  of) 
iV.  B.  J 

for  C>rm  of  Ackhowlbbomint,  tea  that  title. 
■•rtgrac*  or  HmI  rro|»«rtr-T»  Bx««. 

_  ThIa   (eonveyanca,   »r   indenture,  »r)  mortcace 

«?'**J*V;f  -r  ""''" ^1  betwain  A.  Bi'orl!! 

etc.,  of  the  flrat  part,  and  B.  X.  and  T.  h.,  both 

I'  "r~v!S?-u««»««»<»''»  of  tha  laat  will  and  teeta- 

"JSSitt. !      ^•'  *•«••*«'•  »'«'•  "cond  pit,  wit- 

That  the  eald  party  of  the  flret  part,  for  and  In 

«  il"f-.?^  '•"  »•••  J?"'»y  »'  •he  aacond  part"  at 
or  before  the  enaaaflng  and  delivery  of  theeo 

a«d"  h;i1•-i•£•'P^'  *"•'•"»'  '•  "•"•^MknoJJT 
wfn  Jll  .S5i  ^JJi  •"•  !"•••«>«•  «loee  grant,  bar- 
RJl  -'.%"•  "II*"'  I*'?*^>  'O"*'/.  Bod  coSflrm  unto 
the  aaid  party  of  the  eecond  part,  and  thrauivi" 

«n '-'lw!"""T^' •""  '•i*  '"'5u.;ir  aaelgM,";,: 
ever,  all  (Arrr /«//,•»,«  «  dturiuitn  ^  tkt  trniiu, 
«#r<pv«');  together  with  aU  and  alngiHarthe 
tenemonta,  heredaamenu,  and  appurteMncra 
l-yTs"'"  ••'»"««"«  or  In  anywiae  appirtai'lnl! 
!?«i?-VJi''""''"'  •",*  '•v«ralone.remilnderank 
remaindera,  renu,  ieauea,  and  proflta  thereof- 

Iftl'll^iL*.*"  •^•f"'  '*«•'♦•  title°inureat.  prlpi 
arty,  poaaMaion,  claim,  and  demand  whataoevar 

the  flrat  part,  of,  In  anil  to  the  Mme.  and  every 

TO  bava  and  to  hold  the  above-granted,  bar- 
galnad. and  daMrtbed premlaee,  wlTh  theappS^ 
tenancoa,  unto  the  Ml/party  of  the  eecond  urt^ 
ri.*nr"S7h'!.r"^  iorvivi;;.  a'nd  hie  and  thoKi: 
h!w ''fbJ^*       ^  '*•'*'  "***'  beoeflt,  and  be- 

«]Sl.*i?-r?~"'*J*,*"i*"''«*f"  •  ">ort»iga)  to 
aecnra  the  payineBt  of  the  eum  of dellirra.  in 

!^1hl!fL!^*!f  .'7  *•••  ■••.?  ^*^  •»'  »*• "«  part 

^l^y*^  *>'  ^*  ascend  part :  and  thoM  nira^ 

^TaA  *5»  ••"  P*«?  '•'the  flrat  part,  for  hImMlf 
and  hta  heira,  a«ccuiera,  afld  adm1nlatratora?deth 
covenant  and  agrM  to  pay  unto  ibe  Mid  party 
of  tho  aeeoBd  part,  and  Aa  eurvivore  and  aun^ 

and  interNt,  aa  above  mentioned,  and  u  a«- 

^i.^"','/ '*"***'(  **>*■>  *>•  ">•<>•  '0  the  payment  of 
iS.'J!'f  SI  •'  "•"•y  •'"^  mentlowSTor  thi 
intoreet  that  may  grow  due  tharMB.  or>f  any 

***!!'  J2?  '^*^  '>'  *>>•  ■•'O  party  of  tha  aacond 
part,  tha  aurvlvora  or  aurvlver,  and  hta  ortheir 
aaaigna,  to  eater  into  and  upon  all  andringutaj 
tba  premiaM  hereby  granted,  or  Intinded  So  to 
bo,  and  M  Mil  and  dIapoM  n\  the  iame"nd  all 
^%5*«'J^  Bqulty  of  raJKmptten  of  the  a;id  Mrty 
of  tha  flrat  part.hia  heira,  MMutora,  admli£toa- 

ia|  to  tba  Mt  in  auch  cbm  mada  and  provid«l 
-.^2?  ¥^S'»*-**'»''»«y»  •»■  Bttoraaya,  of  tha  aald 

praaanta  duly  anthoriaed,  conatlttttcd.  and  bd- 
pelatad,  to  mBka  airil  dahMr  to  the  pmhaaer  m 


CONVEYANOBS. 


piart-hiMr*  thamof,  >  good  tai  •uMaUal  4—4  itr 


f**d*  of  convayanc*  In  lh«  law  far  tha  aamc,  In 

imaU 
■uch  aala,  to  n^iain  iha 


fa*  aimpla,  ani  out  af  tha  manay  arlaing  rrom 

:<aln  iha  principal  aad  iatartat 

which  ahall  ih*  t  ba  dua  an  tha  aal«l  band  ar  obll- 


f  ansa,  «af  athar  wtth  Iha  aaaM  aod  ehargaa  af 
■dvarttaaNiaBt  and  aata  of  IIm  aaid  pramtaaa,  ran- 
daring  Iha  avarplua  af  tha  purchaa*>meaayiir.»iy 
ilK'r«  MmU  ba)  uala  Iha  aaid  parly  af  tha  Aral  pari, 
hta  hatra,  aaaawtara,  admlniauatorai  ar  aaalgna  ; 
whiah  aala  a*  M  ba  mada,  ahall  foravar  ba  a  par- 
paliMl  bar,  balh  In  law  and  in  aqully,  acaiaal  Iha 
•aid  parly  af  Iha  Aral  pan.  hia  Haiia  aM  aaalgna, 
and  all  elhar  paraona  alalmlnf  ar  M  claim  iha 
pramtaaa  m  aay  pan  Iharaaf,  by,  toaoi  or  undar 
him,  Iham,  ar  any  af  iham. 
In  wltne««  wharaof,  ala. 
Par  form  of  AcKMoWLBoaMBirr,  taa  that  lltla. 

Thia  (convayanca,  *r  Indantura,   «r)    morlgaaa, 

mada  ihia  —  day  of ,  by  and  batwton  C.  D., 

of ,  In  — —  ••unty,  Wata  af  — — ,  tha  ownar 

and  holdar  af  a  aartalo  pramiaaory  aota  (*r  bund ) 

fat  Ilia  prinelpal  aum  ar datlaiia,  glvan  by  A. 

B.,  af  — ~,  la  —  aauBiy,  Staia  af  — — .  and  aa- 


aauBiy, 

-—"lain  ran 

dniad day 

— I  paga  — — ,  In  morC- 

for  aaid  county  of  — , 

and  tha  aaid  A.  •,,  party 


surad  by  a  marigafa  of  eanain  rani  aotata  in 
In  —  aanntyi  nnl  Hata  of 

,  and  raaoMM 

gaga  racord  No. 
party  af  tka  Atat 
•f  thaaa««~'  '- 
That  tha 


a  Atat  part,  I 

•d  ann,  will 

anM  pnrtiaa,  tar  thamaalvaa  and  thair 
rapraaantathpaa,  karaby  mutually  agraa  that  iha 
tima  (ar  tha  paymant  of  tha  principni  *t  anid  nata 
and  roortgaga  dabt  ahall  ba  and  tha  aama  la 
baraby  aataodad  fdr  tha  tarra  of  —  yaara  tr*tn 
tna  — —  day  of  — — .  and  that  Iha  aama  la  ta  baar 
Intaraat  fraan  aatd  dataat  tha  rata  af nar  cant. 

Kaanttm.  paynMa  an  tha day  of and 
— ^  day  €»f  — .  In  avary  yaar,  nnlll  anid  prin- 
cipal MMriihnU  ba  KtUy  paid. 
And  tha  MM  party  of  tl 


party  of  tha  aaaaad  part  karaby 
eovonanta  and  ngraaa  i 

That  ha  will  net  raqulra  tha  holdara  of  aaid  nota 
and  mortgaga  to  raoalva  pMrmant  c  *  aaid  mort> 
gafa  dabt  during  anid  antandad  tar  -  ; 

THat  ha  will  puiMtually  pay  tha  intaraat  now 
dua.  and  to  grow  duo  tharaon,  at  tha  timaa  and 
nt  tna  rata  aftraaaW ; 

That  ha  will  haan  tha  mortgagad  prawlaaa  In 
gaod  rapair,  aad  inaurad  aailnai  Ara,  and  tha 
Uaau  tharaon  duly  paid,  aaaardlng  ta  tha  provl- 
aiaoa  af  aaid  mortgaga  ^ 

And  that  at  tha  annSnUan  afanld  antandad  tarm 
ha  will  pay  tha  aaid  mortgaga  daM,  with  all  In- 
taraat than  dua  tharaon. 

It  la  anpraaaly  nndamtood  and  agraad  that  na- 
thlng  baratn  oentalnad  ahall  ba  canalruad  to 
)mnair  tha  aaotirlty  af  aaid  party  of  tha  Arat  part, 
or  nla  aaacutara,  a^mlnlatiateia,  ar  aaalgna,  un- 
dar  aaid  martgafa,or  ta  aflMi  or  laipnirl&a  Han 
on  tba  raal  aa&U  tbaroln  daiaribad  whtek  ha  haa 
by  virtua  of  aaid  mortgaga,  nar  aflhwt «« Impair  any 
rightaarpawarawhlah  ha  may  hatra  undar  Iha  aaid 
nota  and  martgaga  Ibr  tha  ra«a»ary  itf  tha  mort- 
gaga dabt,  with  Intaraat,  la  aaaa  ^  aaivfkilAlmant 

proviaian 


of  thia  agraamaat,  ar  at  any  of  tba 
baroof,  by  aaid  narty  af  tha  aaaaad  pari 

In  witnaaa  wharaaf,  tha  aaid  partfaa  hava  hara- 
unto  aat  tbafar  haBda(aad  aaala),  tha  dtiy  ami  yaar 


Arat  abatrawtittan. 
Kgnad.  aaalad,  and  daUvarad  ) 
*  poaancaafW.T.,N.a.f 

Por  turn  at  AcmmmtMoomun,  taa  that  dila. 


r 


Cti. 
A.B. 


IS^.] 


''7aESi:i^isssir»£^ 


To  an 


M^  lmm0^ttM$tM$, 


whom  thaaa  praaaata  ahall 

Wkanaa  tha  wlthl»<namad  A.  B.  haa  advaanad 
and  lant  unto  tha  wIMin-namad  C.:D.  tha  tarthar 
anm  of—  dallara,  tha  raoaipt  of  wMaM  labara* 
by  aekaowMgad,  and  tbaratipon  tka  aaM  0.  D. 
baa  antarad  lata  a  bond  ar  obRgatian  «f  atran 
dnta  with  thaaa  praapnta,  to  tha  aaid  A.  B.,  In  th« 

paaal  anm  of ,  with  a  eonditloa  tharoundar 

wrtttan  (br  mnklng  voM  tba  mom,  apaa  pagnaant 


by  Iha  aaid  C.  O.,  hIa  haira,  aia.,  unla  tka  aal<3 
A.  B. ,  hIa  aaaeulara,  aw. ,  of  Iha  aum  af  — ,  with 
Intaraat  (ar  Iha  aama  at  tha  rata  af  — •  par  aant. 
par  annum,  on  Iha day. 

Naw  know  y*  i 

That  far  bottar  aaauring  anta  tha  aaid  A,  B.. 
hIa  aaacutora,  ate,  ilia  paymant  af  Iha  aaid  fiar. 

ihar  aum  af ,  and  Iha  Inlaraal  Iharaof,  an  tha 

aaid  day,  asaordiaa  ta  tha  aandlllan  iharaln 

aapraaaad,  ha.  tha  aaia  C.  O.,  daoa  haraby,  for 
himaalf.  hia  nairo,  anaautora,  adminiatralara. 
and  aaalgna,  aovanaal,  promiaa,  aad  agraa 
to  and  With  tka  aaid  A.  B.,  hia  aaaautara,  ale, 
thai  all  aad  aiagular  tha  pramlaaa  witkia 
manllanad  ta  ka  aMrtgagad  (aar  th*  wtnb  af  Ik, 
muriftf,  il»Hl)  ta  tka  aaid  A.  B.  and  kia  haIra 
wlik  thair  appurtaoaacaa,  akall  ataad  ahargad 
with,  and  ba  a  aaauriiy  unla  kim.  tha  aaid  A.  B. 
hia  aaaautara,  ale.,  aa  wall  far  uia  paymant  ar 

tha  aum  af ,  within  maatlonad^  and  tha  laiar> 

aat  Iharaof,  aa  alaa  far  tha  payanaat  af  Iha  aaid 

furthar  aum  of ,  naw  lant  aad  advanaad  aa 

aforaaaid,  and  tha  Intaraat  iharaof,  and  that  Ilia 
aaid  pramlaaa  ahall  not  ba  radaamad  or  rcdaam- 
able,  aHhar  In  law  or  aquily,  uatil  aat  oaly  tha 

aatd  aum  of bafara  lant,  and  tha  inlaraal 

tharaaf,  but  alao  Ika  aaid  hirthar  aum  af now 

lant,  aad  tha  iataraat  Iharaof,  ahall  ba  lUlly  paid 
and  aaHaAad  unto  Iha  aaid  A.  B.,  kla  aiaeutoia, 
ate.,  aucarding  to  tha  trua  lolaot  and  manning  ir 
tka  aaid  band  or  obllgatlaa,  and  of  thaaa  praaanu. 

In  witnaaa  wharaof,  ala. 

For  tnrm  at  AdutowuiMUiurT,  laa  that  tltla. 


•IWtima  B*«|»ar«]r— laklaaialty 

la  Btartgiagtaa. 

Know  all  man  by  thaaa  praaanta  t 

That  I,  A.  B.,  a?  — — ,  ate.,  aa  a  collatarai  aa< 
curit,'  ta  C  Dy  Ibr  my  Aill  parformanco  of 
tlsa  covonant  of  IndamnMeatlan  hwatnaltar  aa. 
praaaad,  aad  aaaordlng  to  Iha  eondlUon  of  thia 
eonv^anca,  and  la  iurthar  coaaldarailea  of  tba 

aum  of to  ma  paid  by  tha  aaid  C.  D.,  tna  ra- 

ealpt  wharaaf  I  da  haraay  acbaowladga,  bava 
givaa,  gmniad,  bargalnad,  aold,  and  convayad 
unto  tka  aaid  C.  D.,  fila  hair*  and  aaalgna,  foravar, 
a  cartain  ptaca  or  paraal  of  Innd.  altuala  {ktrt/tt- 
ttmt  Ik*  J*»cri/ti»H),  tagatnar  with  all  tha  privt- 
lagaa  and  nppurtanancaa  to  tka  aama  In  any  wtaa 
anaarlalnlag  and  balonging : 

To  bavo  and  to  hold  tka  aama  to  tha  aaid  C.  D., 
hia  kafra  and  aaalgna,  ta  kia  aad  tkair  naa  and  ba 
hoof  Ibrayar  i 

And  I,  tba  aaid  A.  B.,  for  mjraalf,  my  kalio,  a>< 
acuiora.  and  admintatratora,  do  eovanant  with 
tha  aaid  C.  D.,  hia  halia  and  naalgna,that  I  am 
lawftiUr  aaiaad  In  faa  of  tka  afaragraatad  pram- 
laaa; inat  thay  ara  fraa  ft«m  all  incumbrancaa; 
ikat  I  hava  good  right  to  aall  and  convay  tba 
aamt  to  Iha  aaM  C  D.,  aa  albraaaM  i  aad  thnt  I 
will,  aad  my  haira,  aaaautara,  aad  admtnlatratora 
ahall  warraat  and  dalbad  tha  aama  to  tka  aaM 
&  D.,  Ma kaira  aad  aaalgna,  farayar,  agalnat  tka 
InwfW  rlnlam  nnd  damanda  of  all  paraoaa. 

ProvMad  alwaya,  iMyarfkalata : 

Wkanaa  A.  R.,  of ,  a«e„  aa  adml^Mra|a» 

da  kaala  naa,  af  tka  gooda  aad  aauta  of  D.  D., 


Into  of——,  ate.,  kaa  raaayaiad  JtMgmaat  i 
tka  aaM  C.  O..  aa  admlalatratar  da  bonia  noa,  of 
tba  gaada  aal  aatata  af  D.  X.,  lata  of  — ,  ate., 
for  tna  aum  of  <--- dallara  t 

And  afkaiaaa,  purauant  to  a  uarlain  boadi  kara- 
tofero  fivaa  by  ma  ta  B.  X.,  aaacutrU  of  tba  laat 
win  aod  taaiMMnt  af  tta  aaM  D.  X.,  1,  tha  aaM 
A.  B. ,  amaag  otbar  tMaaa,  aai  h^daa  and  abllgad 
Ibr  tna  paMuaat  af  all  aad  any  dabta  whleh 
akoaM  agpiar  agalnat  tka  aaM  D.  X. 'a  aata 
'  awiariaa,  at  my  ranuaat.  aad  Ibr 
■  rO.  D."a  ■ 


agalaat  tka  aaM1>.  0.'a  damaad  and  . 
,  hm,  tiMr  aaM  C.  D.,  haa  nndartabaa 
-  ar  tka  aaM  JadgaMat,  aad  ta  praaaaata  a 
writ  of  raylaw  of^tba  aaM  D.  D.'a  aoMoa  tor  tkat 


Mt.  aad  Mr  my  da- 
I  damaad  and  Judg- 
haa  nndartabaa  to 


purpaaa,  at  tka  naat  tarm  of  tba  auprama  eatirt, 
to  ba  boMaa  at  — — ,  ate,  aad,  to 


tloa  upon  tka  aaM  JndgnMnt,  haa' glvan  band  ta 
tha  aaid  D.  D.,  wbM«in  ha,  tha  aaM  cJd.,  la 
principal,  and  I,  tha  aaM  A.  B.,  aad  B.  X.  aia 

auratlaa. 


ajNVKVANi  KS. 


Iiatrt,  •««.,  unta  III*  mI<3 
.,of  th«  •um  •!  — ,  with 
t  tha  ra<a  af  —  par  aant. 

rtng  iMila  tha  MUd  A.  ■.. 
pi^maM  af  tha  mM  fur. 
la  Iniaraat  tharaof,  an  th» 

Flo  tha  aan4tilan  tharain 
C.  O.,  4«aa  haraky,  far 
iaa«i*wa,  adailaUtratara. 
It,  pramlaa.  tM4  agraa 
i.  ■.,  hla  aaaautara,  ate. 
r  tha  praaniaaa  witkia 
iafl*4  (aw*  t**  wrtb  V  ih, 
mTT A.  B.  and  hla  halri 
««a,  alMin  aUMl  ahanad 
unla  JUm.  tha  aaid  A. H.^ 
wall  Mr  iha  payoaant  ar 
niaalla«a4k  aad  tha  latar. 
Iha  payaaaat  af  tha  aald 
tw  laat  and  advaaaad  aa 
vaal  ikamMf.  and  that  tita 
I  ba  radaamad  ar  radaani< 
i^ttltyi  iMtil  aai  aaly  tha 
ra  lantt  and  tha  Intaraal 
d  Atrthar  auM  af  —  now 
haraaf,  aliaU  ba  fUlly  aa'id 
aald  A.  B.,hla  aaaautoi*. 
na  Infant  and  maaninf  if 
Ian,  and  af  thaaa  praaaaia. 
ta. 

•a  that  tlti*. 


lapraaantai 

,  ate.,  aa  a  callataral  aa< 
*y  fltll  parformanaa  af 
inMcatlan  haralaallar  a». 
I  to  tha  aondlUon  of  thia 
rthar  coBaldaratlaa  of  tha 
I  bv  tha  aald  C.  D.,  tha  ra- 
iraVjr  achaowladga,  hava 
nad,  aold,  and  convayad 
ham  and  aaalgna,  foravar, 
I  of  land,  altual*  {h»ri/oi- 
ratnar  with  all  tha  prlvt- 
a  la  Iha  aama  la  aaywiaa 


ilag: 

naaai 


la  aama  to  tha  aald  C.  O., 

>  hla  aad  thair  aaa  aad  ba 

>  for  myaalf,  my  baira,  a>- 
atara,  do  aovaaam  with 
[«  and  aaalgna,  that  I  am 
4  tha  afafagraalad  pram- 
I  Aram  all  Incumbrancaa; 
it  to  aoU  and  convey  tha 
,  aa  aibraaald ;  aad  timt  I 
utora,  aad  admlnlalratora 
md  tha  aama  to  Uia  aald 
Igaa,  laravor,  agaloM  tha 
iMaol  allpanoaa. 
atOialaM: 

— ,  aic„  aa  admlalajralnii 
wda  aad  aauta  of  D.  0., 
loirarad  Jodcmaai  agalaat 
ilatratar  da  Donia  noa,  of 

r  O.  X,  lata  of ,  ate., 

«•; 

n  ta  a  eaitain  bond^  hava* 
•  X.,  aaacutria  of  tha  laat 
iha  aald  D.X.,  I,  tha  aald 
n,  am  haddan  and  oWlgad 
I  and  any  dabta  wMch 
haaaMD.  Z.'aaauta. 
rrquaat,  aad  tor  my  do- 
I.  0.'adamaad  aad  Judf- 
D.,  1MB  andortakaa  to 
tant,  aad  to  araaaaata  a 
ltd  D.  D.'a  acttoB  fer  that 
m  of  tha  auprama  eauft. 


i.i  aadV  to  praveat  aaaea- 
mant,  haa  givan  bMd  to 
n  ha,  tha  aald  CiD.r  ia 
Id  A.  B.,  and  B.  X.  i 


KHinaaald  C.  D.,  hU  h«ir«.  •■•cuiort   ■nd  ad- 

M'ln*!  iv.fy  udam.nl.  which  •h.IlL  r.od.e.d 
..|.oi  any  wr.l  orravl.w.  which  .h.»  h,  „„, „ 
eui.d  ..  .for..ald.  Ih.n  thi.  d..d  .h.llWvo" 
.nh9f  wlM  .h.ll  rtmain  In  full  fare,  ,  ^' 

"^i^,  fhV  i;.'s  v/;:-  hV.'t.;/;;"/.?'' 

Tn  wh7.rh.':'i:'''"*"  ''r.'r-"  "••  '-••»"«*• 

•  11.  Which  haa  b««n,  or  wh  ch  ahall  h*  racovarad 

In  wlinaaa  whariof,  ate. 

tut  ruim  of  AncaowLaDoMiKr,  taa  thai  ilila. 

-.1?;. •[?""*''''•!"••  f  '"''<■"<""',   or)   mortiaaa 

?M  J.V„-d*  A'rV:  *""'  '""^  "^  °  •  •"  —••««.»'' 
ba^lliVS'tf  th;  •"'  •  "«•'"  »»«««ntura  of  laaaa 

raU...'  .»^  .J  .     :   '*■''  "'  1  <"<*  damlaa, 

ralaaaa,  and  to  farm  Itt,  unto  Q.  H  and  >•>  hi> 
t«.cmor.  adn,lnU«rala«.  and  aWJi'n,  Vl  and 
3'.a!l!^S:„*7  ""r"—  »'.r.l«afl,?m,«„«i„'^  Ind 
i«~   ._V^'  ".•••<•»<«»  hla  aaacutora,  admlnUtra- 

forih7'».Jirji."l?".y  ■•  aforaaald.  conditioned 
With  InKX?,'"*  "'  ""  •*"*  »"»  •"•nt'oned  aum. 

Sw  T  .*!!"  '"*•'»«•'•  witnaaaath . 
..J  .-l"*?  ••"•  l»««y  of  Iha  Aral  part,  for  the  bat. 
t*r  aacurlng  tha  payment  of  thVaild  eum  of 
hJ.nd"'-.""!!!  »"•'•'"  '"e  condition  of", hS  MM 
«rdl«i«°Jh'.«'."°"'.*"«*'  '"»•'••»  theraon,  ac- 
"d  JSa  fa?,*-y?'  '"«•"«•"«•  meanio,  thereof, 
—  d««i™  Jlf  *T  «;»»W«"«'an  of  the  aum  ol' 
— -dollara, «»  him  in  hand  naid  by  tha  aald  nartv 

acuvery  of  thaaa  praaania,  tha  racalot  wharaaV  la 


o^T&ihWd"A':?t;Sri^'rl 

l*/rr  MU^  /*,  *->«vL  •rl**^5^L^i?h' 


law  aa  tn  Mui^J'Tr'.k"  ''""'~»»»»r,  aa  wail  In 
?f.  iBi^dfc  ?h.*^i!^l*  ^^  «'  «*•  »«» 


P'f  i;.*'?."'  --.•'  •¥•""  "■"»  laoaao  pramiaaa.  aad 


nanca.  sand  ah&tS'artd  i3;mS;  "•e:K''ISd 
J^S-;."".'''.'.*-  -n-«.loVj&'a1!! 


every  •mw^<mmm\  arKiviv, 

?'•■•■■  and  eontainad i 

and  JJESC^ii '•••*'  *«••••«  Indenlura  of  laaaa 

.h^;2?;2p'tevU„v  »A*s  inrSiTorh: 

"■riy  Ol  tna  aacend  part,  the  aald  aum  of  money 


ISJ 

j    Ob. , anon,  and  Ih.  ini.,c„  lh.,.on,  aiiha  lima 

'    1,,  I  .K     '  *'"'  .''""*   lh«nc«(oflh  Ih...  n„„nlfc 
^l^^i.st"?   "•   """'>'  """  •"««  »o'««  i    anylhin 

I  wV.:";'„::;.7Hrnr,"'  ••  •"•  """"^  •"  -^ 
'  cot.^v^l:ro^^^:v.':;n"i•:^.v.?o-rd^T 

Ih.  .aid  parly  o^  tha  ..tond  p2,i,  that  h«  ^ajl 
w.  I  and  In.Iy  pay  un|„  ,h.  *Ja  parly  of  Ih.  mo! 

In  .f2ai   ih.,.-^'  .''°"'*-./"  »»»"••"<"'.  end  tht 
■nier.ai   Ihcrepn,   accordlna     to    «h*    condition 

««d'ni.r''  '•"•  '"•.""•  ■'•■"'••a  hr"by  ciS 
»  .    ^""T''  "•*■  *"••  '»•  ha.  food  rlaht  and  law 

o  r^j'thl^'amr;::^  ■"'  '*"•  •"-•'"". )^ 

lorm  aa  ina  Jama  ara  narcy  '.onv.v.d      And  i7 

Jum  of  mo'^.tV"'^'-  •*"  ^'y-nt  o'  «'"^  d 
«l  whlcTahaV-f,**  ■»•"*'""•'••  <"  '»  "h.  Inter 
■•I  wnich  ehall  accrue  thereon,  or  of  any  oart  r,t 
either,  that  than  ani  from  thencforth  l«^?^ln  hi 
lawful  for  tha  .aid  party  of  the  ..cond  plrt  IS 

r'!."*'S!J»'  •» tran.f.r,  and  .-,.   ov.r  111  '?,; 

r.et,  re.ldue.  and  remalnln.  term  o'y«,r  then 
y.«  to  com.,  and  all  olh.r  iKa  rl.h  "  liliT.nd  In 
lere.t  of  the  eald  party  of  the  T.r.t  oart    of    S 
|md  to  the  eama.  .,%u6llo  aucUon.'.??rrdi;.i'r.' 

p.*;if  ovrftrp-r^Tv?;  \^:r;z''^::.  t:rV^^ 

EXtrJI"  .'•"'''  •'"horl.^l.  con.?l,u'^:5'  VxTl^ 
pointed,  to  make  and  d.llvar  to  the  purcha.er  o^ 

fce  almola  I.?/*"?  ',"  'J*  '"*'  '"»'  «»••  ••me.  In 
I;.-i?      P'*'  •""  ""•  °f  'he  mon.y  arl.lna  from 

whlch'ah';!  °.hlVli"H""  P"."""*^  Ind  i;,.,r, 
riii-H  .  !5""  *"  "l"*  ""  ••••  .aid  bond  or.obll. 
cation,  toiather  with  the  coat,  and  charaea  of 

fh/i,  5..S'J"/"?'"'w°'  «•'•  P«"«:h««e-money ,  f  ■„; 
th.r«  .hall  l»)  unto  the  .aid  party  of  tha  Brat  oart 

whirl!'7.'i  •«•'"«'»'•.  -dmlnl'tritoraTor  aUlSne ; 
which  eala  *o  to  be  made,  ahall  forever  baa  i>.. 
peiual  bar,  both  In  law  and  in  eouitt  Marnrt^.h; 
"'^  party  of  Iha  Aral  part,  hia?elr/;S5  i^iV^,* 
;?iLV'  ""•"  P'fwne  clafmin. ,  o"to  clahn'oTe* 

Sr  &'o?"aOT,{!i«r '•  ^^'  ^""-'  '-"-•' 
In  witnaaa  whereof,  etc. 
Kor  form  of  AcKNowLCDOMairr,  saa  that  lido 
■•r««a««  .r  ItaAl  Pr«p«r«7-UM. 

made  thia day  of—  hatwaln  a   S?»'"»"aat 

etc..  of  tha  one  |irt.  and'c  a^of  ^'ati"? 
«*««othar part, witnaaaath  '     ''  °' 

«r        JiS'^^.^J?-  •"  «on«l*emtlon  of  tha  aum 

^cji^.ji&v'ihr.inVhVri-^cb'ijS 
::?.nd"te.'f^i,:R'«°''-  "••  ••"•  •""'•Si' 

lorv,  and  admmbtraton,  ihal  and  wUi  warrai.t  >uiH  H. 

Provldod  alwaya,  that  If  tha  aald  C  i'  hla 
heira,  aaacutora,  adminiatratar-  ^Tiael  -  "-  ^ 
welljind  auflelanlly  auppcrt:.'^  SSj;^   '^J 

ciaiminB  under  himuir  only.  «•«"«  venous 


M* 


0DNVKVANCB8 


CM  A.  ••  fksm  %hm  4a|«  »<  ikMt  ptt—tf.  •• 
na  ••  h«  almll  llv«,  with  •ufficlcnl  (m^  tar.vtn- 
Unl  Warding,  t«4gin>,  (laihing,  wMhInt.  (l«*l 
•iMi  all  alhar  nM«MarTra  and  •mvcnlancM  Mtll- 
•Ma  tof  hia  •amfartaMa  aupDot],  and  at  auch 
|»l««a  "  'i"  -Ithln  thia  iiaU  i"  l'«min..« 
w-  ■  ».  tHall  appolal,  and  giv* 

i».    unabia  iMilira    .ram   .   .  •  la   unit,  but  th« 

Japanaaa  at  ramoval  ta  ba  borna  by  lh«  laid 
i.  B.  altar  IM  flrwl  lima,  than  tha  ab««a  convay- 
an«a  or  giant  ta  ba  vulJ,  atharwlaa  to  ba  lu  full 
forca. 

And  tha  aald  C  O.,  for  hlmaalf,  h)«  Ualra.  «lc,. 
doth  haraby  covanant  with  tha  aatd  A  B  thai 
ha,th«a«itdC  D  ,  hiahalia,  atcaf  nom*  i  •  thtm, 
ahall  wall  and  •^ilflclantly  aupforl  iimI  i^  <tnUlii 
tha  aald  A.  •.  from  tha  data  of  ih***  Mnta, 
at  long  aa  ha  ihall  tlva,  with  auNtalani  'i  '^n- 
vanlant  lKiardli>K.  lodging,  clalhlnff,  w«a)i  >g, 
fual  an«  oi.xt  uacaaaarlaa  and  eanvanlan  «, 
aultabia  for  hia  comrortaMa  auppurt,  and  at  auch 
plaea  within  thia  commonwaalth,  aa  tha  aald  A. 
■.  ahall  from  tin«»  to  lima  appoint,  and  giva 
raaaonabt*  miiica,  ate 

And"  tha  aald  A.  B.  covanania  with  I  <iaid  C. 
D.jiu  haira,  taaculora,  admlnlatralo-H,  and  aa- 
atgna,  at  ao  long  aa  tha  aald  C.  D  .  h{»  lt«  '•, 
a««.,o  >y  or  althar  of  Iham,  ahall  raithfiilly  I  >■ 
'»»f|B,  .'  "nd  obaarva  thacovananl  •i^i  ucat  ,u 
bofora  ciitlonad,  on  th*  part  of  thr  i^  «did 
C.  D. .  Inw   lirlrt,  ate  ,  to  !•«  parforms'  jpt, 

II  ahall  ' Ml   t<ir  th*  'aid  C.  U..  ..la  liaira, 

ate.    re>  »cupy  aiiu  •ii|oy  thr  aramiMa 

wlO    •''  ^naocaa,  and  rn  «lvo  tna  ranta 

•nd   i'  <of,  'o  nia  and   •>         own  uaa, 

withuu  iilintiirruptlanoi         urtoanca  or 

Uiaaaidrt    U..  ,r  any  ix-oonaclai      >ig  undar  him. 

In  witncaa  wliarcoi,  •<< 
foe  liirm  of  Ai  »  >i.iwi         mbitt.      «  thai  ml 


St*urt,4  i 


Baa  BoKtia,  Niitm,  aiwi  HiijLa'  «u*,  pp.  i4<j 
•— -  nacd  — .   Mu      -. 

—  I'    ya  («r  IHHi  lv(,  ata,)  mh»t  d«M  (ar  on  the 
i»^     /— -),|  (ar  wa.aw.)  ^omlaato  payto  C 
"     -  — '^  -       tjjj  „(, 

aivad . 
(«r  tnwt 
of  avail 


v.  —      oUm*.  at  ' ,  writli  lotaraat  » 

Of  —         >  sanl.  par  -    nuin,  tor  valua  > 
Tht      oota  la  aacui     i  by  a  m»rlgair« 

data  iMvaiwMi,  l^om  A.  ».  to  C.  D. 

(■S<rW) 


"^1. 


■*■•««««•  vf 


Tbto    V  1  rayaref, •»•  iRa^  ituro,  *r  m 

thla— -d«yof       -,  by(»^  baiwaan)  A 

of  Iha  Arc  part,  >o  (»r  and)  C.  D  ,  bt 

.  i'naaMlli: 

'd  p"ny  of  '-ha  Brat  pan. 


MCOiMl  pori 

mngMto*''  ' 

»   «.  >«r 

,r     •yof- 

»       H  •' 

«>-.r«  ths  pa 
monoy  of^  i  '■ 
•nd  unguin 


yr>iwrty— Pwrdifc— <» 


),  mada 

,  of , 

.  of  tha 


la  au  ,1  of  — 
n,  aall  aud  eoovc- 
.aeon  i  ^rt.  and  >■ 
IT  Jvl/dmu  III     dti< 
I;  bolngth     <amc ) 
<^aaid  C.  u.  by  <'■ 
*nd  thaao  praoan 
flit  of  port  of  tii- 
.e  aald  pramlaaa.  tog. 
li.«   hero4ltaBi«nta 


do" 


nd  In 
*aaa 
#aid 

id  aa 

iicatli     day 

■  A.  }■■       ni 

(Wan  I.   ^- 

laldaration 

with  aU 

purtt- 

•ppar- 


oanco*  thereunto  baiooglag,  «rlnoiiywit< 
talnlng. 

Thla  convayanca  ia  Intandad  <»%  a  mortngc)  to 
acLijra  tha  paymant  of  tha  aum  of  —  doTlara,  In 
—  from  tha  da«  of  tbo  data  of  thoao  oraooiita, 

with Inttratt,  according  to  tha  eendlttoii  of 

■  cartain  bond,  datad  thla  day,  axacutad  by  the 
aald  A.  B.,  to  tha  aald  party  of  the  aacond  pan  , 
and  thaaa  praaants  ahall  b«  veld  If  auch  payment 
ba  made. 

But     I  caoa  default  thall  ba  made    n  the  pay- 
ment of  tha  principal,  or  In'^reattoa     bi-    -  pro- 
vided, t      >)  the  party  of  the  iscoad  part,     n  ck- 
e'-utore,  udmlBletralor*  and  aaaigna,  era  :     r,.) 
amp'^ou'erad  to  eell  the  ;  remlaea  aoove  daac 
witJi     II  and  every  of  tl.-   •■nirtenantu   ■ 
part       oroof,  lo  th«  manner        eacnb.  ' 
and  c    I  of  the         isey  aiiaint     ram  >> 

dte  lals  principal  anc  lotcrwit,  tog     i«r 


•ltd  the  ovatpiiut,  if  any  Iharr  b«.  (tan  be  pa 


by  tha  part/  mietlng  (iinh  aal« 
<*>»  part*  of  luia  Aral  part,  hi*  n 


un  demand,  to 


wiih  the  aoaM  ^tnd  ehargao  of  mair  intf  awb  eale  i 
-'  -  -         -      '     pali 

,  to 
party  of  luia  Aral  part,  hi*  hairii  or  aaalgna, 

In  witnaaa  wbaraaf,  *a<td  party  af  th*  Krat  pan 
haa  harauMlo  »»*  hi*  h«>./l    Jiidual)  «i  •  day  end 

Sear  Ar*l  above  w  ^imli>'(i{-mJt»»/.t\ 

:*acut*d  In  t^«*t         '>f 

t<n  lurni     I  Ai  i.      /oi-aiii    laaT,  mm  thai  Ulle. 


;<nd  ,vart,  by 

•  he    — dav 

nonllonad, 

y  therein 

■nd   ten* 

i*r  deaer l^ad 


xtcition  and  deliver 
elpl  of  which  I*  hai 
u/  thaac  praaante  d<- 
and  aat  over  unin 
pan,  all  that  pan 
lif trttH^  a  //  Ikal  fa  >  I 


«•  J5  P«»«u- 
talderatlen 

in*  uf  tha 


and 
<nd 


To 


•  >a  I*- 

•'1*  I  .,jii,       la 
tr»-  part,   :f, 
the  landa 


M«rl«*gr<  •€  Mt*!  l*roMr*jr~a«l«MMM 

%**  DnnHABO*.  abwe,  ^itrierAcriOM,  below 
Thla  (c»ii«eyan<'      f    Indeniiir*,   «')   martgafa, 

made  thla   — day  "' ,  between  C.  0.,er . 

In county,  tlat.     ' .pa»ty  of  the  ftral  pan, 

a...l  A.  B.,  of       -,  —  c    iiily,  giaK  of  --— , 

pa  (It  of  the  eecond        I ; 

Where**,  th*  lald  ^.^^  of  the  aa' 
Indanli4>*  of  iiortgaga,  bearing  da)' 

of ,  lor  tha  te.i  .ideratlan  tPi«r<- 

and  to  aacure  tna  f  ' 'ment  •>'  th> 

apealAed,  did    convt  y  •'         >i   Ui 

mania,  of  which  th*  l«>  «ralnatLi 

are  pan,  uni"  <he  **>4  pa^   /  of  th*  nrat  pan  i 

And  wh*i    ••th*  u*ld  party  of  the  flrat  part,  at 

the  ra^uaat        'H*  lald  party  of  ih*  aacoitd  pan. 

he*  agreed  i"       ve  up  '»<1   eurrender  the  land* 

hoelnadet  di         bed  ut>       <h*  aald  pany  of  the 

aacond  pan,  ai      ">  hold        \  retain  the  realdua  of 

the  mor'giuet'   <*iida  •>   ««carlty  f' 

r«ni='  ling  due  t  ■■  ;ha  aa:,!  .;!— ijag 

>'■  --M  thla  Inda   \     *  wltn»>. 

"atlhaeald  \^        of  the 

of  the  aald  a^       mant, 

dollaratohim    uly  ,>>. 

thr 

kn.. 

;,  rel. 

*a...  par* 

the  eat'' 

'**  " 
H  i$  JnHiShdtt  rtti»H,  «       ni/«-<>. 
liufulikimt  M  firtm  ikti  miM    k  it 
C-ther    with    tha    h«r*dttam«nla   i 

Kocae  thereto  baltMif  iR  ;  and  all 
o  i<d  interaat  oi  the  aai  «rty  of 
and  to  the  *<  -^e,  t.  tiia  inte' 
by  contreyr  mav  be  dlechargrd  from  the 
*  \  mortgage,  and  lliat  the  reel  of  the  Undo  In 
til  aald  mortfatga  apactftad  may  remein  to  the 
•aid  party  of  at  f^'  «t  pen  aa  heretofore 

Tonaveandtohi      thelaadaandpremiaeahere- 

by  raleaaad  and  cof   lyod  to  the  aald  party  of  the 

•econd  part,  and  hie  heira  and  aaalgna,to  hIa  and 

heir  uaa  and  baneflt  forever,  free,  clear,  and  die- 

icrged  of  and  '     '»  ell  lien  and  ilalm  underand 

virt       UI  ihr       lentur'  •>!  mortgage  aferoaaid. 

icea  *i         of,  th«   ^ald  party  of  the  Aral 

ma  hareui       let  hia  b*>  •*  land  tent),  tha  — - 

,i  —  .  C  D. 

•ed  at.  '  delivered  f 
!..»aenci     '  J 

For  form  i>   ^  know/  anoMain,  -use  that  tide. 

M*K«ai4[««  or  ■«•»!  PreMMcr  r— V«<       «« 

Sea  Di»t>-       i«, »'      >•    Sati«»*ct»oh,      iu«. 

K   9wallmeobyt.      «pre  cnte: 

net  I.e.  D..  of tounty,  and  State  of  — , 

for  and  la  co!*-  iaratlon  of  one  dollar,  to  ma  In 
band  paid,  *  good  and  valuable  con- 

*i<<erBtioti.  wharoof  la  heroby  con-, 

feK««^ ,  do  he.  .  bargain,  ramlaa.  coavey. 

relea*'    and  q       >.iai>m  unt*  A.  B.  («r  E.  P.),  or 

—  c<  .nty,  a  li  State  of ,  ail  the  right,  title, 

intereat.  civ  or  de-'^tnd  Whattoaver  I  snty 
have  aei|Ul>  <•<  >ro  '  or  by  a  cartain  mort- 
gage, bearing  date  t'-  d»  if  — — ,  and  re- 
corded In  the  racori^           j'  ter'ti  ottea,  of 

, ci   >aty.  In  t  i     -— ,  page  — 

to  the  pramlac*  theriln  «cri  <i ,  and  which  eaid 
mortgage  «vaa  nade  to  aecur.:  a  certain  promi* 
aory  note  («r  bond)  bea'ing  even  date  with  aald 
mortgase,  tax  tha  anm  of  -      loUare. 

Witneea  my  hand  '  tnd        ■),  thia  -~-  day  of 
— .  CD.    \SMkl.\ 

For  ibna  of  ACKHowLiiMii    mi,  ace  that  tnie. 


[M  •I  ««*<•  nft  t>..<'ll  Ml*  I 

r  Ihctr  b«.  iMtl  b«  ■•14 

h  *«u    on  4«m*M,  M 

f«.  ht«  iMlfh  «  aaatana, 

14  farto  •!  tk*  Ikn*  p*t% 

i4  I  *nt%mi\  tM  4ajr  tntl 

lu-^tirr,  MS  liwi  IHb. 

l>roB«r«y  -  m«l4HMM 
Pnri. 

;*ti«»iurKH<,  Mow 
n<i<n<iir>,    «')   nottgag*. 
-,k*lw*«oC.  O,  al       -, 
— >  P*<  ty  at  Ih*  Arnt  part. 
-  r<   .iiijr,  atax  of  , 


1  Sf  th«  fr 

warlof  4a(' 
n    la. 


•ni>  (lart,  ky 

■h.    ~4a/ 

•ontlaoail, 

i  thtratn 


.„  >n4   tanc- 

••r«lna(i<r  daaarl^ad 
Hi/  of  lit*  llrat  Mni 
party  of  Iha  Am  r«M.  at 
•rty  of  Ih*  aacoira  part, 
lid  aurrandar  ttia  landa 
«  tha  aald  party  of  tha 

•  od  retain  lh«  rtaldua  of 
•acurlty  for  tiia  laooay 

d  .fi-'t-as 

r. 

iM,  a^ 
y  pak 
tha**  J 
hnow'' 
:,ral< 
»>..  f*r< 
Ml  •al'' 
'ktm 

w*  '  i  it 
itttmaflM 
: :  aiKi  all 

•  rtrof  < 
n*  Intan 


t.  In  purau- 
•idvratlan 

u.    'tha 


tha 

•»■€' 


a    i 

nd 


>■•' 


,.„  .......        at  tha  laada 

>a  dlaaharard  dram  tha 
th«  raat  or  tha  lan4«  In 
flail  may  ramain  to  tha 
'I  a*  haratoforc 
land*  and  mam  laaa  h«ra~ 
ta  Iha  aald  party  of  Iha 
■  and  aaalgDa,ia  hta  and 
•var,  f^ae,  alaar,  and  dhi- 
laa  and  claim  undarand 
!  of  mortgaf  a  afaraaatd. 
>  aald  ^rty  of  tha  trat 
ha">i  ^aod  Mni),  tha 


DOMiin ,  ^n:  that  tlllB. 

Pr«p«r=  r— »*«'  «• 
!•<  l«lM. 

SAriirAcnoH,  >«u»w. 

prr  anta: 
lunty,  and  Stata  of , 

of  ona  dallar,  t«  ma  tn 

good  and  valuabU  cnn- 
wbaraef  la  barahy  con-, 
barnin,  ramlaa,  coavay. 
jnta  A.  B.  («r  E  r.).  of' 
t  — ,  all  tha  right,  titia, 
tnd  t*hataoavar  1  n'-ty 
h  or  by  a  eartain  mort- 

—  da     of ,  and  ra- 

i>r  iTt    <«r'«l  oAca,  of 

..  —  of ipaga 

eaeri)>*d,and  which  aal<i 
lacuri  a  caitain  promlt 
ng  avert  data  with  aald 

<oUara. 
<i  ihia day  of 

CO.     IJM/.J 

nuMBKi.  MM  thai  title. 


CX)MVEVANrrs. 


"•^'f^A'^'/R^-^: 


Hi 


-«atto. 

'iSalv.d  a/C    D  .«  »  "f'Th.  ^..-..^T!} ^7!  > 
-•»-...  la  fuii  -MafaailJaVrrti  wiVh?,',.;;: 

f»*»  *«;^/Vr««,/Tv3,r(, 

It        ^raniaa.  aod  datad ,  •  ™  a?  whuh  ta 

iTt^      ".  '•"•"'•'»  of  daada  of *ounl»    -1 

haa  ba.n  fully  ,ai|,«,4.  ,„  aonaldarallooirwhUh 
aatd  morlgaga  mi  hwaby  ralaaaad. 

.2ji'ilr!!?'4-.r-?iLrwVA 

!*•".       «C.  D.,  of ,  la  Iha  aald  caunly.  of  tha 

•Konn  ,,«rt.  witnaaMtk  i  •»"■»».  oi  uia 

Jo]^'y.^r.r•r:!;;^•„U'•:f"!!ly.?4;i:,v.tl'.• 

bargain.,  Mita.nd  aonArma  unta  th7S J  Mriy 

galW  with  ail  aad  alngular  IM  lM^l7lm.n« 
-1w^.?Pa"fn7a;''----    ^W^' -"^ 

»?i?E- '"I?  ^^t.r.rofThVia'r.vt" 

f/ ii*  **■«  rart,  haa.  oil  tha  day  of  Ihadala  a)^ 
thaaa  praaanta,  IndarMti  a  laruSn  (aoia  iJ  uii, 
J-rurii.,.  mada  by  tha  .aid  aarty  of  {ha  JrM  f^M 

payabia daya  afUr  ,  w  iHf,  ,J^  ,,'.!r 


"lortgaga, 
■..of 


.,«.2»  l^!l.'*'*  ^  .'  •»  th.  «r«  p.,..  („  ,o„.,^. 
bafr...  Ih.  d.H«ar,  haraof.  ha.  l.«rg^.,„j  ,„4 
•oW  and  by  Ih...  p„„„u  do.,  -ram  .n4  .«„ 
«jr  lo  Ih.  ...a  p.M,  of  ,h.  ««o„J  ^,t  2nd  h?, 
hair,  and  aaaia„,  f«,„„.  ,„  ,♦.,  ~^„.  T,"^  ^T 
f,m,„u.  wilih  Ih*  apii.>iri*nancaa  and  aii  id 
..lata  right,  t„l.,  aod'^I.H.i.w  «Vlka  »td  «r^ 
of  tha  Aiat  part  ihacatn  in*  mho  party 

ikII!!  *•"*•>'••'«•  ••  Iniandad  aa  a  a^iurlly  tmt 
tha  paymant  af         ,  „^t,  «U/  /4,  »m.,.mu,.ilj^ 

A?T.?1*V""."  ':"**•'  »•"•  ««n*.y*nciVo"     • 
ihlHrlS".  •''"••""  •»>«*•  mantlo,,,4'rh",' 

J'r.^iirn':'.!:  oT;  r::.'..^.";,?  h-.'r.:""' 

ao  much  th*r*of  a.  w.ll  b*  n*c*...,y  it  v^xiX 

lllolTd  by  I'aw"  ""•  *""  •"•  '-•  -"^  "S^"«^ 

— '.^  T-I!"!.'"*  '•''.•"  '"•  ••'<•  party  of  tha  ArM 
pari  haa  haraualo  >  .u  |,and  and  aaal  tha  d«» 
and  yaaf  Aral  abov.  .,«„'""  a.%  *  fw  f' 
kaaauiad  and  dallv.,r.d     .iha)  '•^' ' 

proaaaaa  af  W.  ».  | 

r«f  lur«  of  Atamm,  ..wMiurr,  Ma  thai  HUa. 

mada  Ihl. day  of balwaan  A.  ffTiT.***' 


'ra  of  Ih*  Miid  nar^  or  tha  At* 

raald(noi>  »r 


iha 


aa«# 
da 


^i'^  «»'i:i«"idTL'VyTnVow' 

<»ba  up  tha  aaii  not.  «•  otb«r  MBimiy) - 
'<y    and  If  Iha  amouni  of  tiMiMilf V 

,«  .h-  ;!:;'  K'fi'^^'^  Intaraat.  li . 
'y  tha  party  of  Iha  ArM  part  at  miv 

SFI.f*i,i,  ^^b.  „^,  ^^  ,^ 

••    '•••«  ^n'^abaferaV, 

^erMaatladartk. 

.^•"f   P»«y  af  th 

«^t    -ruaaaisj  am'-- -.■  f-'^  the 
part,  bia  haira,  a*.  ,di 

'una.  *•  aaU  Ih* 
oubtta  atwuaa 

»n  '*a» 

III     f^«aB  au 


•nu 
pie 


caOaatad  of  tha 
part.aaaboiMinaatlon 
■»«  chaifaa,  aad  pay 
jid  party  o'     ha  Brat 

iiiunlatrat.        ■     •••. 
<n  witnaa. 
for  form 


■t*r«gra«a 


<MOWI.. 

-sftla. 


•ay  Paft  thavMf, 
«*4.  anS  Iha  aama 
wtyafthaaaaend 
Aral  aart  haraby 
r^arUiaaacond 
<atratoraaad  ••- 
«!•«•  haiahy  xraniad 
>»«y  tha  Muna  to  tha 
•aably  to  tha  act  In 
'•d  d  oat  of  th* 
■la.  ratain  aitah 
flay  &•»•  baaa  paid 
party  of  tha  aaaand 
»««h*Twltlialleoai* 
•rplu*  (If  aay)  to  th* 
^ia  hain,  aaacutart, 


XBHT,  Ma  that  till 


RTirinli'pS;:'  •»"■  '"^ "'°  •  •'  =^":  p-My-/ 
jurdj'L'd'jkii'i'.o-it'::.*!  jir,rof".?:  ss„!j 

tkJ!!  .'U'*  '"i""'"'*  wllnaaoath ! 
laJ^Mjri'rSa'^'.'^','?'  '"•  "'••  I?"*! '*"»'•  bat. 

cony*«.  and  c^iftlrni  unto  th.  mM  »!!;-  of  oT.' 
•«:ona  part,  and  to  hia  haira  and  ailgSVfo»»il 

wHh  all  and  alngular  thi  T.niSi'j:^   l&^ 
manta  and  appurtananca.  Ihar.iZo  £w«' o.^" 

J:v»^-,:5:';siiratid-?f„^i-jr^^^^ 
r'wTi  ^sfiritat^"^  An-STaTth';^ :; 

acuity,  of  tha  aald  party  if  Ui.  Aral  airT  oVll 
'mS^L^yj ?f ."•*'^'  ■■»?  bahoof  foravar. 


Frovidao  ^ 
thia  aapraaa  conk..u«„ 

That  If  Iha  aaid  pa,  v  of 
half*,  aaaoutara,  or  adminltt 


ry  rj  ""^  *''•"•  P'«aanto  ara 
idttioii 


ThIa    (coi    8y»,ic«,    ,,    , 

.adaihia day  of 

etc.     arty  of  tha  trat  par 
par  .  4f  Qia  aacond  part 


■&*. 


•ia.,' 


ip«o 

0  ftyat  part,  or  hia 
triiIii'Mi7i«'»i;r'^'i J~— "I!"'  "•  •••all  wall  and 
hi.  {^f^  ?  '"•  !?•*  '^'■*y  »'  «  •acontl  part  or 
hia  Ijalra.  aaacutora,  adminiauatora   I     lui.n. 

i-'tS'tlrlT-I^J?"* *',r»~»I-  »»-^  ««"d- 

iZiiuL^JS^LTA  '*'«'•'  ^""l)  ahall  b«  wholly 

»6  ,  toanduponallandalogutarlha 

granutf,  or  lnl*ad*d  ao  to  ba. 

f,  'P?"  "'.••'•  aam*.  "od  ail  ban*. 

^  ifi.  ^amptloo  of  th*  ^aid  pai?  of 

Iha  ar.  ,  haira,  .secuters,  adiilnlitr*. 


MM* 


iWiliiMiila 


OONVKVANCn. 


M  !•  tM  *<•«  tn  luch  «••«  m«i('    xmI  (truviillM. 

AmI  •■  Ot«  •llornay  of  Ih*  .aid  parly  of  th« 
•f«t  f*rt,  tin  that  Bur^o*  by  th«<M  praMni*  duff 
•Hlhsflt*  «  '  <iM(lul*<>.  mnd  «ppa>MU4,  in  wall* 
and  ildlvtf  to  il)<<Kur'  (Mr  ur  |iu»«l«*M>«  ih«>< 
•(,  •  loanl  antl  ■uflNlvnt  d*«<l  •!  4««4a  of  canvti 
anc*  In  lh«  law  fur  Iha  aant*,  In  fa«  dwiit*,  an4 
aui  at  Iha  monay  ariainf  ^'«m  » >i«h  aala,  is  r«<*ln 
Iha  ^inaiftal  a>«l  lnlaf»«i  which  ahall  Ih4i<  H* 
4VM  »n  Iha  aalit  dalM  '  .•■  n.  iv  «r  IvmxI  .  •a«aih«r 
Wtlh  Iha  (oaia  aii4  chargaa  •>(  •4vartla«iii*n«  and 
•>la  aftha  aaid  pramlaaa,  ran4aiMig  Iha  uvarplua 

•  (  Iha  piifchaaa  mnnav  cif  mni  ilintu  •hall  im.  uiiiu 
lia  Mid  parly  of  tba  Aral  pan,  «t  hi*  haira,  aa 

•  ulsra,  adminlaHtalara.  ar  aaalgna ;  which  aala, 
ax  to  ba  ma<4a,  ahall  foravar  t>a  a  parpalual  hat, 
Itniti  lt>  law  a»d  *iulli  agalnat  Iha  aalri  parlv  at 
In*  Aral  part,  or  n>a  halt*  and  aaalana,  and  all 
oihar  paraona  ulaimlng  ar  la  claim  tha  uTamlaaa, 
•r  any  pan  iharaot,  by .  fram,  or  andar  him,  Iham, 
ar  altliat  of  Iham. 

In  wlinaaa  wharao'  Iha  iHutlaa  so  thaaa  ft**- 
anta  hava  haraunta  a«i  thair  handa  imi  aaalai,  tha 
iay  a.-id  year  Aral  ab«v«  wrtuan.  A.  P,    L-W«/ I 

CD,    1*^1 
(MgiMd,  aaalad,  an4  aalinuwladta4  I 
li»<»ae      aefW.  T.,M.  •.        J 
»'or  rarm  .J  At  ■NuwLiu>iW«Hr,  »m  iIi.>i  tltla 

■»»  I'nIIiinMm 'Mr*Mt«H«l<. 

To  hava  and  *•>  hold  iha  abiivt  daacrtbad  piam- 
laaa,  with  tha  appurtanancaa,  to  Iha  aald  pa-  af 
tha  aacond  part,  hia  haira  and  aaalgna,  fufv    .r. 

Provldad  alwava,  and  thaaa  ts^raaanta  ata  itpan 
Iha  aapraaa  condition  that  If  tha  aald  A  •.,  hIa 
haIra,  anacuiora,  or  adminlatratora,  aholl  wall 
and  truly  pay.  and  aava  harmlaaa  and  ln<4amnl(y 
tha  aald  d.  D  a>.i  K.  f.,  and  aaah  of  UMm,  at 
and  from  all  liabitltlaa  which  thay  or  althar  af 
Iham  may  hava  at  any  lima  contraclad  la  ar  for 
aald  A  B  ,  allhar  aa  a"raty,  Indoraar,  guarantar, 
or  olharwiaa,  whathar  now  dua  or  yat  la  grow 
dua.and  ahati  aava  har.-nlaaa  tha  aald  C.  D.  and 
K.  r.,and  aach  of  tham,  of  and  from  all  dam- 
agca,  caata  and  chataaa,  on  account  of  Iha  aama, 
according  to  tha  conaltlona  af  a  carlaln  bond  or 
wrtflng  oMigatory  baaring  avan  data  harawlth. 
aaaculad  by  tha  aald  A.  8.  lo  tha  said  partlaa  of 
Iha  aaconil  part,  than  thaaa  praaanta  ahall  caaaa 
and  ba*;omc  of  no  affact  , 

■ul  In  caaa  dafault  ahall  ba  mada  In  tha  pay- 
raant  of  all  or  any  part  of  tha  aald  llablH'  •■<  aa 
tha  aama  ahall  bacoma  dua,  at  tha  tima  oi  ii«> 
llmltad  for  thv  paymaiit  tharaof,  than  in  auch  caaa 
It  ahall  b*  lawful,  atic.  (»i  in  mikrr  farmi,  mitw). 

H*r«gw  »r  KmiI  Pwpftttt    T«rM  •( 
Yoara. 

Know  a«l  man  by  thada  praaanta: 

That  I,  A.  B.,  of ,  otc,  In  conaidaralton  of 

—  dollara,  to  ma  paid  by  C.  D..  of ,  tha  ra- 

calpt  of  which  la  haraby  aehnowladgad,  by  thaaa 
praaanta  do  convay  and  mortgag a  unto  tna  aald 
C.  O.,  hIa  aaacutoia,  adminlatratora,  and  aaaifna, 
•11  tboaa  tikraa  aavaral  paaturaa,  ata.  (dlrarnVAy 

To  hava  and  lo  hold  Iha  pramlaaa,  with  thaIr 
•ppiirtanancaa,  unto  him,  tha  aaM  C.  D..  hia  aa- 
aeulora,  ate.,  from  th«  data  haraof,  during  tha 
Aill  tarm  of ye     ' .  na«t  anaulng. 

YlaMIng  and  pat  tharafar  yaarly  during  tha 
"■  VB.,hiaii|- 


4  A. 


aald  tarm,  unto  |i 

ton,  adminlatratoi  >,  ul  aaaiana.oi 

If  II  ba  lawfully  damandad  on  tha  - 


haira,  aaacu- 
^ppare< 
■  day  af  - 


And  I,  Iha  aald  A.  B.,  for  myaalf,  my  haira,  ata. 
(imi*r1  a  tnvHoitl  ftr  fmirt  i^fyftiunt  tmrltig  Ikt 
<rrm),  ate.,  ate. 

Provldad  navarthalaaa,  that  if  I,  Iha  aald  A.  B., 
my  haira,  aaacutora,  admlniairaton,  or  aaalgna, 
ahall  wall  and  truly  pay,  or  cauaa  to  ka  paid, 
unto  tha  aald  C.  D.,  hia  aaacutora,  ata.,  tha  auro 

of on  tha  day  of  -< —  naat  anaming  tha 

data  haraaf,  than  thta  praaant  daaniaa  and  grant 
ohall  bo  void.  au. 

In  witnaaa  wharaof,  **<■ 
FarfMrmaf  AaaMawi.     ^imrr,  laa  thai  lilla. 


MWIITAtAtiMI  •W  rmBIH».*IAI.  rji«ip< 

Mtr^    «'1¥a«T«L  M«>«T«iA«IM. 


\MIOI 

'  A.  a^ 


s  I  i.Ai isiirH. 


p.«l 

la  ihal  ilila. 


»..>  (ill 

il«ir«««gi*>  Mf  r««r««>M<»i  r\tm0im9Ul  •» 
«:itat<#l   ll«ri#<Hr«- 

Kiiuw  all  mail  by  thaaa  ura««n(a  ' 

Thai  i.  A.  a.,  harab*  aall  and  aaaign  to  C.  O.  al 
tha  loala  and  matarlala  now  in  my  ahap  at . 

Thia  aala  la  Iniandad  a*  a  aacutlty  far  tha  pay- 

maul  af 4alla<a,  with  intataai,  an  or  balora 

tha  aapiralloH  of  •  —  ft«m  Iha  <ta|a  harasl ,  which 
paymct,  ir  duly  mada,  wlU  landar  thka  aanvay- 
aiiaav    -i|. 

\A/     .aaa  my  luind,  thIa day  af . 

[  \n     ju't  V  f^ii'tf  1  A.  B. 

I|wr4gr««'a  mt  l»a>lf  >l  rtW|W>ly  •* 
4H«»«(«I  Mmwtmmmm, 

Know  all  man  oy  ihaaa  praalnti  i 

Thatl.A  B.aC  --,aahn«wladaa  myaalf  to  ba 
indabtad  •«  C  D..  of  aald  — -,  In  iha  auni  af  — 
dollara,  wtth  tntaraat  from  IhIa  data  («r  ttnm  iha 
>—  ilay  of  —I.  and  n»r  tha  aacurity  of  aald  aum 
t  da  haraby  martgago  and  aall  and  aaaign  la  tha 
aald  C.  0.  all  my  aroparty  af  avaty  doaartpilan, 
ailuaia,  lying,  and  baing  In  Iha  houaa,  aarnar  af 
atraal  and  - —  avantia,  |n  tha  city  of i 

And  I  haraby  authaclaa  and  ampawai  tha  aald 

J;,  t)  to  laba  paaaaaaton  af  aald  pvopaily  and  af- 
acta,  ba  la  aall  Iha  aama,  and  anpraartala  tha 
J>ro«aada  lo  Iha  paymaal  af  aaid  debt  »mi  In- 
iraat. 

Witnaaa  my  hand  and  aaal,  tkia  day  »f 

.  A.  B.    liMti] 


Knaw  all  man  by  thaaa  araaaala  i 

In  cont4darati«ii  af  tka 


That  I,A.  B..  af 


aum  of -~- dollara,  to  ma  paid  by  C.  t>. .of- — , 
by  thaaa  praa^  Mi  ««  grant,  ate  unto  Iha  aald  C 
D,  all  tha  Be  i»  a«d  chaittia,  waraa,  affaata,  and 
mar«ha»4w»  manii  nad  and  apaeiAad  in  tha 
aahadula  liaraundar  writlan  \ 

Ta  hava  and  lo  liald  all  and  aingular  iha  aald 
goada.  ate.,  unto  ina  aald  C.  D..  hia  •■acut^a, 
adminlatratora,  and  aaatgna,  foravar. 

rrovidad,  navarthalaaa,  that  if  I,  tha  «ald  A.  B., 
my  aaaautora,  adminlatratora.  or  aaatgna.  ar  any 
oflhaiHid*  and  ahall  wall  %ni  uuly  pay  unw  tha 

aaid  C.  D  .  kla  aaaeulo'*,  ate.    thaauai  af , 

with  tagallniaraat  l»r  tha  aama.  an  or  bafora  ih* 

day  af ,  than  thaaa  praaanta,  and  avary 

«lattaa,artlala,and  thing  haraln  aantaliad,  ahall 
aaaaa  and  tm  vald  ^  aiharwlaa  to  ka  In  ^tll  fo'  at. 

In  wltaaaa  wharaof.  ate. 


I 


now  all  man  by  thaaa  praaanu  i 


hat  li  A.  B.,  of  Iha  town  of ,  ao<ioly  of 

ti  BMM  or ,  fbr  and  In  cenaidM«tl«n  of 

ittnra.  to  ma  In  hand  pnid  by  C.  P  .  of  tha 

*  itato  a«^aaald, 

tha  Allowing 


town  of-     . -,     , 

do  afU  and  aonvay  to  tha 


,  county  of  — >.  »td 

^ jonvay  to  tha  aaid  C. 

gooda  and  chaltab,  to  wit  i  (fi»4nt  *"'  *'  "t^t^lwi 
V  tkt  »rtk*N,  <^MAv  r4M«  M«A  net  tlMnetmti 


-'    ■" aiM  agalnal  any  Mva 


fraa  of  iBCumbranee, 

•talma  i  _ 

Unon  coMIUba  Ihat  If  Iha  aald  A.  B.  ahall  pay 

to  tha  aald  C.  D. dollara  and  iniaraai.  In 

n«m  dato,  MioaaMy  to  a  promiaaery  nota  of  thia 
data,  far  that  oum,  pagraWa  to  «ha  aaldC.  D.,  or 
ordar.pn  damand.  with  Intwaat,  th<«  dead  ahail 
ba  void !  oinarwiaa  in  roll  f^rca  on'    7a«t. 

Thai,  HaUl  th*  condition       sht        4inunanl  la 
brokan,  tha  aaid  ,  roparty  luay  i        m  In  poaaaa- 
>l  A   a.,  but  altar  t^     ait<«nnrahan 
may  at  hia  plMau  »  ttha  and  ra- 


don of  Iha  aaM  A 
tha  aald  C.  D. 


mava  tha  aama,  and  mny  antar  into  any  building 
r  pramlaaa  af  Iha  aald  A.  B.  tor  Aai  puipoaa. 
Witnaaa  onr  haada  and  aaala,  thIa day  of 


or 


Bmaalad  and  doHvarad  In) 
•raaanaa  af  W.  B.  t 

Tnit  morqpiga  kuu  ba  ritordad. 


tt 


\& 


.^ 


ii.  mmmw  \uik. 

(  I.At  ■ftJt.  f-t 

that  ml*. 

Nan*  rHi*. 
•  in««.-  .<• 
•11 

novr  in  f«y  «n«yi  ■!  — — . 
••  ■  McurMir  fw  IM  pay. 
Itk  int«r««i,  an  or  balaf* 
m  tiM  4a|a  b*r««r ,  whuh 
wlU  >%»4i  (tita  ••nvajr- 


ana  a4Mt«n  la  C.  O.  al 
tw  In  my  ahaai  al  — 


I  __  4tf  mt . 

••••I  l»l«( 


A.  ■. 


tknowlailfa  myaair  to  IM 

•I     -,  in  Iha  •um  ar  — 

am  Ihta  4aMl*r  nnm  ih« 


Iha  taaitrtly  af  aald  aum 
i4  tall  aiul  aaatgn  la  Ih* 
riy  af  avaty  4aaartf<itan, 
;  m  tfca  hauaa,  «arnar  al 
»*,  In  Iha  €(ly  at  —  i 
a  aa4  am^aww  iha  a4ll4 
•r  aal4  |ir*fatty  an4  af- 
ma,  aa4  apltianlala  Iha 
lat  af  mAi  4aM  aiMJl  In 


4  aaal 


i,  thia 
A. 


-  4ay  »t 


■  praaaaia  i 
In  aoAMdaration  al  Iha 

la  paid  by  C.  O  ,  or , 

tnl.  (U. ,  unto  Iha  aal4  C. 
i|l*la,  waraa,  nffaata,  aiul 
id  an4  ai>a«IAa4  la  Iha 
tlani 

III  and  aingutar  Iha  aald 
lid  C.  D.,  hia  txacat^, 
i|na,  foravar. 
Llhallf  l,tha«aUIA.B., 
'•tara,  or  aaolf  m.  ar  any 
til  tni  uuly  pay  unto  tiia 
'».  «M.,  thaau«  SI — , 
■•  aaiaa,  aa  or  kafaro  Iha 
laaa  praaanta,  itn4  •wmry 
I  haraln  aantat4a4.  ahaJl 
rwlaa  to  ba  In  ^UI  Torca. 
w. 


laanU: 


town  af ,  ta^otjr  of 

t  and  In  canat4a<«ilan  *l 
in4  pal4  by  C.  P  .  of  ika 
— .•a4  tuto  a^ataM, 
I  aaki  C.  D.  Iha  Mowing 
*ll  I  Ighini  /lit  ar  ttAntttu 
'ktm  ttitlh  nth  itHnelmu 
UHMtt/tA  ik*m\,  wrraati 
ina  atalaat  any  aavat 


r  tka  aald  A.  •.  alliall  pay 
Uan  and  inlaraat,  In  — — 
a  promlaaory  noM  af  thia 
M*  to  iHa  aald  C.  D.,  or 
Intvraat.  thi«  daad  ahaii 
ill  f-rca  an'"  *wt. 
Ion  thi  4lrumant  la 
ly  m»y  •  in  In  BoaMO- 
ut  alVir  t  aitl9n  Bfahan 
la  plaaau  «  Ulka  and  ra- 
y  antw  Into  any  buiMing 
A.  ■•  tor  that  pwfpoai. 
■4  aaala,  thIa day  of 


CONVBYANClIb 


jfy 


«"*••«• 


mada 
•I 


THIaagraamanK.r  .„.i...i.,..    „  ».•..!«•««).  ma^ 
"••  *•*  •'  1  bal«»«an   A    ■  ,  »rih.  Ac 

»«»l,  and  C    P  .  •{  ih*  McoaMi  part.  wlln*«Mlh 

That  IM  aald  part*  ■(  iha  Atal  patl.  in  ««nwd 
•f  allon  ar  Iha  aum  of  dallar*.  haa  n>ld  and  h» 
Ihaaa  araaaww  daaa  tMi^ay  uhia  Miid  pa'iy  ar  iha 
•aaaad  part,  "ha  Mtowing  daaai.  ..d  g<Md«.  ahal 
lala,  aad  proitarly  (rf«.. 'X  «««»  f.,,iHmU,i,  ... 
•  f/»r  i»  (Am  (•  <A<  „4,rfw.>  aaw  In  my  puaaaaalon 
•I  Iha       -  af  arui«aald  ,  luaaUiar  wtih  all  •«- 

traMrlaa  and  all  Iha  aaiala.  till.,  aad  Inlaiaal, 
•I  Iha  aaU  aarty  af  iha  Utal  pan  Iharata. 

ThIa  aaU  la  ltrtaa<lad  aa  a  aacurlly  bn  iha  nay 
man!  ar  ana  hundrad  and  lan  dallaia.  wlih  Iniaf 
Ml.  an  or  bafcM  laa  aa^lrallaa  af  ana  yaar  rrum 
Iha  data  harawr ,  and  ih*  addllloaal  aum  ar  ana 
hundrad  and  rorty  dollaia.  wilh  Intaraal,  an  Iha 

M.    •'..•' T"'  *»"••'  parmania.  If  dyly  mada. 
will  rat^ar  Ihia  convavanii*  void. 

.i.*?li'i*!f"'*  •''•"  ^*  ""^  '"  **^  IMiymani  of 
Iha  prtaa4pa!  ar  laiaraal  abava  manllanad.  or  aay 
pan  vkarMf.  lh<n  Iha  aaid  parly  of  tha  aaaand 
pari,  and  bta  aaatana,  ara  harahy  aallwrlrad,  pur. 
auanlla  atolula.Ta  a.11  tha  gaada.«ballala.  and 
praaaily,  aba»a  granted,  m,  Sa  muah  Iharaaf  aa 
will  ka  naaaaaary  (o  aaiiafy  Iha  amoaal  ihau  dua, 
wUh  Utooaato  aad  aapanaaa  Inaurrad  by  Iba  aal^ 
parly  af  Mia  aaaand  pan,  aM  bla  aaalgna.  far  and 
by  raaaan  of  atMb  dalaull. 

In  w!in-»a  wharaof,  iha  aald  pa.ty  of  iha  ftral 
part  haa  haraaiMa  aal  bta  hand  aad 
and  1^  Aral  nbava  wrHton.  A 

■aalad,  ai«n«d.  and  daUtpatad  I 

/ 


I  aaal,  tha  day 

I.  i.  [.sm/j 


la  praaaaca  af  W.  ■. 

■•r«««««i  wr  rM«»Mil  Pp«»*r«y  mw 
CfwUal  igUirl««ca. 

Wharaaa.  I,  A.  •..  af  iha  lown  af ,  |n  tha 

countif  of  — -,  and  ■UU  af .  am  jua:ly  In- 

^.^""J"^   9  •."' •'"  *•>•  ••'*  ••unty.ln 

tha  •am  af dolara,  an  accaunl,  m  ba  paid  on 

frw'SSidVr.  '^  —  '^y'        ).  with  fnuraal 

Now,  lh<i«f«ra,  in  canaidaratlaa  af  atiab  In- 
'•btadnaaa.  and  la  ardar  1/  «acqra  tba  Daymani 
n'  ihaaama.aaa/araaald.  I  a.  haraby  aalTaaalgn, 
rraoafar  and  aat  atrar  uuui  Uia  aaid  fc.  D.,  bla  aa- 
acutor*,  •4aiiala^tara,aad  aaalgna  (AwrdrrrnAr 
Mr/ryirr^r  «  rt/u'  f  KkHttUtJ 
._f*?5^'  •»«>*«»ar,  that  If  Um  aald  dab*  and 
tataranl  ba  paid,  aa  abova  apocMtad,  thla  aala  and 

"'u'J'TAJ'*!.^:*";  •'»<«"*»aan»ayaneaUalao 
luMaal  to  Iba  foUotviag  candltlana: 

Tba  praparty  haraby  aald  and  iranafarrad  la  w 
ramato  la  mv  poaaaaateo  unUI  dafbuli  ba  mada  In 
«H«  p^yaMafal  tba  dab«  aad  totoraat  aferaaald. 

•  '.!fr*  ''?I!**«*^''>»«i"  M^  o/a  aaJa  or  dia 
P^'"L?»«f"'>««;-M«"rd>MMi  af  U>a  aamr  ■>, 

•  ""iirTi  *'  "*  A***"!!!  to  w5a*a  tha  aama  ttt,m 
- . «"  "n  unrMMaaafia  dopraclatiaa  tn  oalira  (*r 

'  IV«i.     .w  o<:l>«r  oMaa  tba  tacuril|r  ibail  bacoaia  load- 
•qua*,      tba  said  C.  D.  nay  toka  tba 

>'rl>,or»o: -•'  -  .   r    .  - 

'.'pan  to 
Iota  bla 


■iwifo  aravidad.  tba  aald  C.  D.  aliall  aaU  tha  aama 
•tpiiUk  or  Brivato  aab ;  and  aftar  aatiafyiBctha 
•toraaatd  i^  awl  tha  iatoraai  tbafaMraal  ail 
naaaaaary  and  TaaaaaabU  aaato.  cbanaa.aBd  a>" 

In  t^HMaaa  whataor,  I  ban 


my  rajwaaaatoairaa. 
in  i^taMto  whataor,  I  ba«a  bw 

^^"A  f?^»^  rT-<v  •'— 


BaaaiMadiK  Braaaaaa  af] 


baranaM  aat  my 
A.  B.    lSt*l.] 


-  _m-   ---     .  ivT"  "■*  •"■r»  §»■«•#  "J  Indebted 

r i  <» hV  ™*  •••opn  pnrt.  In  tha  aum 

af^;^ —  daUart,  to  ba  p«i4  m  toUowa !  (rfa/Ay  //a.r, 

Nuw,  tbarafera,  in  conaMaratlan  af  aach  Indabt- 

:J'wstiriSS'^.^  5r?hT-.i^'  ^^^rt^ 


haraby  aatl.  aaaign.  IraaaAw.  and  aal  avar  la  aaid 
pa.ly  «f  Ih.  ...  ..„J   p,,,.  ,h,  p„^,„y  4«a«flbad 

In  Iha  lMll.,«,ln,  «h«dvil«.  vl»      U.,.,,l,nm   ,1, 

Piro»id.d  l.«*.,„.  thai  If  aald  d«l.i  and  iaiar< 

**l*r  I**"*,',  "  •*•••  •l»««'««d.  Ihia  aala  and 
•  f»-*f«r  (hall  ba  *o«d 

-f*^!/*„*'*!!"'.*'i^  '!  '•  '••»•»"  I"  paaaaaalaa 
ar  aald  party  af  iha  A^ai  pan.  until  dafault  ba 
mada  In  i»i«  paymam  af  tha  daki  and  Inlaraal 
aroraaald,  or  a«ma  patt  Ih.raul,  but  In  «aaa  ai 
a  aala  «r  diapsaal,  or  aiiam,,*  to  aall  ...  dlapoaa 
aftha  aama.or  a  ramo.al  afar  altampi  ti  ro- 
mova  Iha  aama  rtom  <•»<  l»,»lum  ^  ^"f^rty  „ 
fm,,  u.A,.t  II  I,  It  ,.m»mi,  or  an  unraaartnahla 
d«|ira<lallan  In  tha  yalu* ;  ar  If.  fcum  any  .iihar 
aauaa.  tha  aaaurlly  ahall  bacoma  Inad.uual.  iha 
aald  parly  of  Iha  aaaand  pan  may  laba  auab 
propany,  or  any  part  Iharaaf.  Inia  hIa  awn  paa- 
aaaalaa. '^ 

And  upon  taking  aald  nroparty  Into  hIa  I'uaaaa. 
•Ion  alihar  In  caaa  of  d«fautl.«r  aa  ab<i««  pro. 
virtad.  aald  party  of  tha  ••cond  part  ahall  aall  tha 
aama  at  public  or  prlvata  aala  ,  and  aftar  aallary- 
Ifia  tha  afutaaald  dabi  and  Iniaraai  iharaon.  and 
all  nacaaaary  and  raaaonabia  coata,  chargaa,  and 
aapanaaa  incurrad,  out  uf  tha  proaaada  or  aala, 
ha  ahall  laiurn  th«  aurplua  to  aald  parly  of  Iha 

I'  V^y^  •"•  '*«"'  '•Pr«»«nlall»aa. 
.- .  i  X.   "?!  •"?••"••.  Mtd  proparty  ahall  fbll 
to  aatlaty  aald  dabt  and  iniaraM  aforiaald,  aald 

fflanay  *"*  "'*•*'  *•""  *•  »^  «*' 

—U  til"!"  '••'•^''  •»••  "W  parly  of  tha  Rrat 
part  boa  baraunia  aat  hIa  hand,  ibia day  of 

Baaaulad  In  proaanao  af 
Knaw  all  man  by  thaaa  praaania : 

haraby  aahnowladga. liatfa,  and  by  ihaao  praaanta 
^»  «'•".'•  ?f'«*'.1'J^'Jt  •~»f"i  franafar.  and  aat 
fi?-%"Sl'  '.*•  ••'*?  O  •MThla  aaalgna  foravar, 
•»••  fe»»w'»«  J*^*.  «hailala,  and  proparty,  to 
wltMj^M.   Ih,  •HkU,,  ar   ,^„  U  llUm   m,k, 

la  tha  aald  C.  O.  In  tha  aum  of  oni  hundrad  and 
tan  doUara  an  aacount.  for  monay  had  and  ra- 
calvad,  and  gooda  aald  and  dallvarad  (m-  on  a 

pruBlaaorv  nut.  daiad.  «ic  ,  and  du* niuniht  fium 

data)  ta  ba  paid  la  Iha  aald  C.  D.,  or  hIa  aaalgna, 
an  tha  — -  day  of  — -,  with  tho  lagal  lnu%ai 
tharaan  from  tha  day  of  tba  data  haraof  i 

Maw  tba  aandlUan  af  tha  abava  aala  la  auch 
that  ir  tba  aald  A.  B.  .hall  wall  and  irulTMy  'o^b* 
ff.  £.**•••'  •",  hit  agant,  attarnay.  ar  aaalgnaa, 
tha  abava-mantlonad  damand  (»r  danumdai,  ai  tha 
tima,  and  In  iha  mannar  and  form,  abova  ai- 
praaaad,  and  ahall  haap  and  parform  tha  cova- 
aanta  and  agraamanta  abova  aonulnad,  on  hIa 
part  to  ba  boat  and  parformad.  according  to  tba 

bill  af  aala  ahall  ba  vo  J:  atharwiaa,  on  tha  nag- 
laot  and  fallura  of  iha  aald  A.  B.  to  pay  tha  aard 
dainand  (#r  damambi,  or  to  haap  and  parfarm  tha 
•aid  covananta  and   agraomontt  aa  abova  aa- 

Rraaaad,  than,  and  In  thai  caaa.  tha  laid  C.  D.  and 
'*  "^'H"*  *'*  l**'*^  authorliad  and  ampowarad 
ta  aall  iha  abova-daacrlbad  goada,  chalfala,  and 

Koparty  (ar  iha  giXKl.,  ate  ,  daacrib«d  in  ih«  ....hadula 
raw  annaaad,  aa  afemald).  ar  any  part  tharaaf,  at 
pubttc  ar  orivato  aala,  at  hla  orlhalr  option,  nnd 
to  ratala  ftam  tha  procaada  of  auch  aala.  In  hla  or 
thair  handa,  auAalant  to  pay  and  aatiafy  tha 
whola  amount  af  tba  abova-mantlanad  damand 
^;r  T?*!^*''  ^'*'*  **"  I***!  Inuraal  tharaon  which 
ahall  ba  dua  at  tha  tlma  af  auch  aala,  and  all 
'•S!";.*il^*^.***  ."Pnaaaa,  Incurrad  by  Iha 
**''.  ^-  °-!.?.?'*  ■■T'CM.  to  canaaquanca  of  tha 
naglact  aM(^(bUura  of  tba  aaid  A.  B.,  an  a/araaald  i 
randaring  tha  avarplua.  if  any,  to  tba  aaid  A.  B.. 
or  ta  hia  haira,  aaacutora,  adminlatratora.  or  aa* 
•Ifna,  an  dainand. 


C.  p.  aba    hu   aaalgna  ara  haraby 

...  for  lUrthar  ac  cuHty,  ' 

goadt,  chattata,  and  prt^rty. 


authariaad,  for  lUrthar  ».  c«rity.  to  taka'tha  aaSi 
r«rt>-,  into  u>A  at-  Ihaif 


t ; 


IS* 


CONVfeVANCES, 


pviMMlen,  M  My  tim«  ha  or  tb«y  may  think 
prepar. 
In  wltnaaa  whereof,  ate. 

€hntt«l  M*rtamv«. 

ThU  agracmant  (<»-  indtncura,  or  mortgiga),  mada 

thia day  of  — -,  batwaan  A.  »,,  ol ,  of  tha 

ona  part,  a.»l  C.  0.,of ,  of  tha  ethar  part, 

wltnaaaath : 

That  tha  aaid  A.  B.,  for  and  In  conaidatatton  of 
— ~,  to  him  paid  by  tha  aaid  C.  O.,  tha  raeaipt  of 
which  ia  haraby  aeknowla^gad,  by  tbaaa  praa- 
anu  doaa  grant,  ate.  unto  tha  aaid  C.  D.,  hla  ax- 
•Gutora,  ate,  all  and  aingular  tha  gooda,  furni- 
tura,  and  houaahotd  atulT,  harainaftar  particularly 
■lanlionad  and  aspraaaad,  that  ia  to  aay.ona,  ate., 
ate.  (A«r«  iMtrt  fuilj  mm  aecauut  ^  »u  th*  gootU 
mar/ftfgni). 

To  haya  and  to  hold  all  and  alogular  tha  aaid 
'"ff^'  ti'-v  harainbafora  granud,  au.,  unto  tha 
aaid  C.  D.,  hia  aaacutora,  ate.  to  tha  only  propar 
uaa  and  bahoof  of  tha  aaid  C.  D..  hla  axacutora, 
atc.,forayer. 

Providad  always,  and  thaaa  praaanta  are  upon 
thik  condition:  That  if  tha  aatj  A.  B.,  his  ax. 
ecutora  or  adraloiatratora,  ahall  and  do  well 
and  truly  pay  unto  tha  aaid  C.  D.,  hia  executors, 
etc.,  (he  full  aum  of — •,  with  intareat  for  tha 

aame  after  tha  data  of ,  on  or  before  the 

d>:  /  of ,  than  thaaa  praaanlui  ahall  ceasa,  de- 
termine, and  ba  utterly  void ;  anything  herein 
contained  to  tha  contrary  notwlthatandlng. 

COVBNAHIV— MoKTOAGOa  TO  KsBT  PoSSSaslON  Ol"  THB 

Goooa  UNni.  thb  Brkach  or  thb  Condition. 
And  it  la  eovanantad  and  agreed,  hatwean  tha 
aaid  partlaa,  that  unidl  dafauK  aba!i  be  made  in 
payment  of  the  aaCd  euro  of  -  ^,  and  inrereat,  it 
ahali  ba  lawful  for  tha  aaid  A.  B..  and  his  aaaigna, 
to  hold,  enjoy,  and  uaa  tha  gooda  above  mort- 
gaged aa  aforaaaid,  without  the  hindrance  »r  in- 
terruption of  tha  r«id  C.  D.,  or  hia  aaaigna. 

CoVMAirr  TO  Ramttnraa  th«  Goon  Upom  RscaifT 

or  TN*  MCKTGAOB  MoMBT. 

And  tha  aaid  C.  D.,  Car  hlmaaif,  hia  halra,  axac- 
Moraand  adminiatratora.  doth  covenant  and  agree 
to  ^md  with  tha  said  A.  B,, hia  axacutora,  Qn7ad- 
miniatratora.  that  ha,  the  aaid  C.  D..hla  axacutora, 
•dmintotratofa,  or  aaaigna.shall  and  wlU.lmmadl- 
ately  upon  tha  receipt  of  the  aaid  aum  of  -~-  and 
tetaraat  aa  albraaald,  at  tha  day  and  tlma  above 
Hmitad  for  tha  payment  thaia^ftdalivar,  or  cauaa 
to  ba  daUvarad,  unto  tha  aaid  C.  D. ,  hla  axacutora, 
ate,  all  and  aingular  tha  sooda,  ate,  above 
granted,  and  which  are  nowt  at  the  tlma  of  the 
wacutiug  of  thaaa  praaanta,  recaivvd  by  tha  aaid 
CO., of  and  flrom  the  aaid  A.  B.,  In  aa  good  caac, 
plight,  and  condition  aa  the  aaroa  and  every  of 
tham  now  ara  at  thla  praaant  time 

COVBNAMT  TO  WAaRANT  THB  GoOOB. 

And  tha  aaid  A.  B.,  for  hlmaaif,  hia  axacutora, 
and  admlalatratora,  aU  aM  aingtdar  tha  aaid 
goods,  ate,  by  thaaa  praaanu  granted,  ate,  unto 
the  a^  C.  d..hla  axecutora,  ate,  againat  him. 
the  said  A.  B.,  hia  axacutora  and  adminiatratora. 
and  againat  aU  and  every  other  peraon  and  oer- 
aoM  whataoavar,  ahall  and  wiU  warrant  and  for^ 
•var  defaiid  by  thaaa  praaanta. 

AAvenw  CMna. 

See  Koncii  oa,  bdov. 

CImMaI  B»rt|pic»r^ 

CntMUiU,  DtterifUmu,  PuntHam  tHrmrnuUf,  tU. 
Know  aU  man  by  tbaaa  praaanta : 

That  I.  A.  8.,  of ,  In  tha  county  of ,  and 

State  of ,  party  of  tha  llrat  part,  for  aacuring 

the  payment  of  the  aum  of  money  hareinafiar 
mentianad,  and  la  conatdaratlen  «r  tha  aum  of 

onedoBar,  to  mo  piOd  by  C.  D.,  of ,  aforaaaid, ' 

party  of  tha  a«ceiD4^part,  tha  raMlpt  vhareof  I 
do  hnratar  ackBOWtedge,  have  and  by  thaaa  prea 


( Or  ihuf,  aC  tha  nock  of  books,  maguiia**,  perfmli 
c«U,  and  Kiadonaty  in  tha  store  of  ths  («id  A.  II 
SI );» 

{Or  Mm.  all  the  household  goods  end  nirnintre,  snA 
other  artkiss  nMiBtioaatJ  ia  •  schedule  annexed  here 
to,  end  comaloed  la  Iha  houM  of  the  said  A.  B.,  ai 

(Or  Iktu,  all  and  tlagular  the  goocb  and  itocl  or 
foods  and  oietchaadiM,  consistiag  ofarhlps, Uth«», «n<l 
maicriiOk  iheniiMr.  now  in  the  store  ti  iIm  party  of  the 

first  part,  at  No,  — , street.  In  tha  dry  of — .  «iM 

In  the  iactory  of  the  said  party  of  the  first  part,  st  '■ , 

in  thcStat«of ' — -. 

( Cxnepilng  and  RUiving  thsrtft'om  all  (oodt  told ,  or 
Kgreed  to  b*  told  sad  packed,  to  be  delivered  to  pur- 
soasert.) 

AH  ths  furniture  and  movable  flxturae  in  aaid 
store  belonging  to  the  party  of  the  Arat  part  (n 
schedule  of  said  goods  and  chattels  to  be  made  by  the 
party  of  the  flm  part,  and  aaasaed  hcrsto.  with  all  con- 
venient speed); 

To  have  and  to  held  the  aama  nalo  tha  eaid 
party  of  the  eacood  part,  hia  axaeutora,  adminis- 
I  tratora,  and  aaaigna,  forever. 

(^  tht  maripn*  i*  m  ttc»»i  tturftH*,  AnV  ra^Vr/ 
If  a  ^rwr  tHt,  butri  ktr*!  sut^eci,  however,  to  a 
prior  moftgsgs  to  V..t.,  dated  tha  — —  day  of—,  to 
seeupj  Ut^*  wAmt). 

And  I,  for  sayaelf,  my  halra,  eMtfHtora,  and  ad- 
ininiatratori,  do  covenant  and  agree,  to  and  with 
the  eaid  party  of  tha  »e«ond  part,  to  warrant  and 
defend  th'.  aaid  deacribad  gooda  hera^  aold,  onto 
the  aaid  ,iarty  of  tha  aacoml  part,  hla  executors, 
admini.  tratora,  and  aaolgaa,  againat  all  and  every 
pcraou  nod  peraona  whataoat'ar  (suljcct  as  afora 
tsid).  ^ 

Upin  condition,  that  if  tha  aaid  party  of  the 
flrat  p^Tt  ahall  and  do  wnll  and  truly  pay,  or 
cauaa  to  ba  paid  unto  tha  aaid  party  of  the  aecond 
part,  hla  axecutora.  admlalatratora,  or  aaawns, 

the  aum  of doUara  and  lotarsat  thereon,  on 

the  — -  day  of next  (vr  tiktrmiu),  then  this 

cunveysBca  ah«n  ba  V9ld;  otharwlae  to  remain 
in  nilfforca. 

And  tha  aaid  party  of  tha  Brat  part,  fot  hlmaaif, 
hia  axaeatvra,  admmlatratora,  and  aaaigna,  do*s 
covenant  and  agraa  to  and  whh  tha  aaltf  party  of 
the  aacond  part,  hia  eitacntora,  adminiatratora, 
and  aaaigna,  to  naka  punctual  paymast  of  ths 
moaay  hereby  aaeured. 

And  ta  caaa  dafonlt  ehall  ba  mada  In  payment 
of  tha  aaid  aum  above  maetionad,  or  any  part 
thereof,  or  of  the  intaraat  thereon,  «n  any  day 
whaii  tha  aama  ought  to  ba  paid  (then  the  Whole 
turn  shaU  at  the  dect:->n  of  die  party  of  the  second  part 
become  iraoiedialely  t.M»  and  payaUa ;  and).  It  ahall  be 
••wftil  tor  and  Aa  aaid  party  of  tha  ftrat  part 
^^^^**V  autherlaa  and  ampowar  the  aaid 
party  of  the  aaepati  part,  hia  •zacntora,  adminia- 
tratora, aod  aaaigna.  wldi  tha  aid  and  aaaiatance 
of  any  paraoa  or  paraonq,  to  aatar  and  come  into 
and  npoa  tha  dwellins-haaaa  aad  pramlaaa  of  the 
■aid  party  of  ^a  ftrM  part,  and  auek  othur  place 
or  pbcM  u  fia.ai^d  fcoodi  and  chatula  «r«  or 
nay  "f>*M  or  ^aced,  and  iaka  aod  carry  away 
the  aaid  gooda  and  ehatMli,  to  aaU  aw:  diaposc 
of  the  aama,  or  ao  much  aa  •baa  be  tMceaaary, 
for  tha  bant  price  they  caa  obtain,  aad  out  of  tht 
money  to  retain  and  pay  tha  aaid  awn  above 
tuaatioBad,  wttb  tha  iataroat  aad  afl  aapanaes 
tharaoa,  raadertnf  tba  overplua  (if  any)  nato  the 
a^d  par^  of  tha  flrat  part,  hla  axaeaton,  admiti- 
iatratora,  aad  aaatona. 

.,.*Hj!!?Hi*^^  ^  "**<>•  «*  *>>•  paynmt  of 
the  aferoMiyi.Mm  of  uaa*,  (ar  aome  part  thcreor, 


or  totarsst  ihtMon),  tha  aaid  par^  «l  tlw  Srat  part 
coatinaa  IB  qalat  aad  paaeeable 


la  to  remain  aad 


jgeaaaMloa  ^of  tba  aaid  gooda  aad  Aattato,  and 
m.  m\  aa4  uaa  jmi«^fmeat  of  tha  muboi  nuleas 
the  aay  party  Of  tha  aaeoad  part,  kla  aaacutors, 
admiaiatrat<m,  ar  aaaigBB,  aiiaf!  aoeaar  choose 
iodamaad  tha  aama;  andiuitUaach  daaiaad  be 
"'^**J''J!  gowtw'ioa  af  the  aaid  pMty  of  the  flrat 
part  riiaB  \m  demtad  thepowMaetoB  of  iS^nt 
or  Mrvnnt,  for  tba  aolo  battailt  aad  advaataSe  of 
hia  prlaaipal,  tita  aaid  party  of  tha  BMaad^rt. 
•-Thisit  asaSeicMsleseriptiaa:  oBaib.  6yn  Garni- 


mfyl 
lalaa, 
eovar 


:  of  book* ,  mat^tiom,  ptHodi 
Iha  Hon   of  Uit  uut  A.  II 

ihold  good*  and  riirniiarc,  anA 

in  a  lehadula  aniMmd  here 

s  hemt  at  A*  aaid  A.  B.,  ai 

labr  ibe  (ooib  and  tioci  of 
umaiuiac  orwhlpt,l*thi»i,iinil 
I  the  atora  of  the  party  or  the 
atreet,  la  tha  dtr  of — ■  »i>u 
J>«rty  of  th«  fim  part,  at  — -, 

9g  tkanfram  all  foodi  lold,  or 
•ekad,  to  b*  (Ullvanid  to  pur- 

id  movabia  fliit<ir«a  in  Mid 
t  party  of  th«  flrat  partu 
nd  chatlala  to  ba  ma-ic  by  the 
1  aaauad  haralo,  with  all  cou- 


ld tha  aacaa  nato  tha  aaid 
ft,  bia  aJMCttlora,  admiiiMt- 


iftv:  tul^t,  !iow«<r«r,  to  a 
doMd  the  —  (Jajr  of—,  to 

r  baira,  axaenten,  aad  ad- 
ant  and  agma,  to  and  with 
i«ond  part,  to  warraat  and 
«d  gooda  beraby  aold,  unto 
Mcond  part,  hie  eaacutoi^, 
rigaa,  agalnat  all  and  every 
hataoevar  (ntbjcct  ea  afon- 

t  if  tha  aaid  party  of  the 
o  wriU  and  truly  pay,  or 
ba  aaid  party  of  the  aecond 
dmIaleMttora,  or  aeai^na, 
t  and  intaravt  thereon,  on 
at  {tr  tihtmitt),  then  thia 
9ld;  otharwiae  to  remain 

'  tha  Brat  part,  fot  hlmaetf, 
bratora,  and  aaaicna,  do*B 
and  with  tha  aaicTparty  of 
Mecntora,  ndminlatratora, 
punctual  pnymast  of  tha 

»haU  ba  inada  In  payment 
•  meettoaod,  or  any  part 
'••t  tharaon,  on  any  day 

to  be  paid  (than  the  Whofe 
r  the  pany  of  tiie  Mcond  part 
nd  payaU* ;  and),  it  ahall  be 
id  party  «»r  tlia  flrst  part 

and  ampowar  tha  aaid 
t,hia  asocntora,  adminia- 
Ita  tha  aid  and  aaaiatance 
iq,  to  antar  and  come  into 
hoiuMi  and  pramiaaa  of  the 
Wt«  and  aiteb  otbiir  place 
k«oM  aad  ehatula  ar«  or 
and  <aka  and  carry  away 
attaU,  to  aall  anC  diapoec 
eh  aa  ahaU  ba  aaccaaary, 
»a  obtain,  and  out  of  tht 
pay  tha  aaid  aom  above 
■taraat  and  aU  aaponaes 
ovarplua  (if  any)  nato  the 
ut,  bia  aMcatota,  admin- 

aada  in  tfio  payment  of 
M»»,  (er  aoaae  part  thereof, 
tidMrtyaf  tba  Brat  part 
va  la  qnlat  aad  paacaattie 
gooda  aad  ahattato,  and 
aaant  of  tba  aaaiai  nuieaa 
«oad  Mit,  Ma  asacutore, 
Ifaa,  nali  aoonar  chMae 
nd  until  andb  damand  be 
tha  aaid  party  af  ^  Brat 
ba  poaaaagiOtt  of  •»  aeant 
banaBt  and  advaataaa  of 
uit  of  tha  aiMond  part. 
oiptiooi  «Barb.<3Bi  Oeni. 


CONVtYAKcES. 


359 


In  witneee  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  aet  my 

hand  (and  «c«l),  thto day  of  — .,  A.  8. 

Baecuted  and  delivered ) 

in  praaanee  of  W.  8.    > 

"Ihla  (aneemenl,  »r  Indentuie,  or  mortUKC),  made 

thia layof—..  between  A.  B..  oJT-i-.  of  the 

one  part,  and  C,  D.,of ,  of  tha  other  part. 

witneeeeth : 

Whareaa  tbttre  ia  due  and  owinjf  from  Uie  aaid 

A.  &  to  tha  aaid  C.  D.  the  aum  of  ^loo : 

Now,  in  eonaidaration  of  tha  covenant  herein- 
after contained  on  the  part  of  the  aaid  C.  a, ,  and 
for  better  aaeurinc  to  him  the  payment  of  the 
eaid  aum  of  taee  aad  intereet  theraon,  aa  herein- 
after mentioned,  ha,  the  aaid  A.  B.,  by  ti.eee 
ff««"t»j*ow Urgain and  veil  and  aaaign  unto 
the  aaid  C.  D.,  hia  eaecutora,  adnsiniatratara,  and 
•mignc,  an  and  every  tha  gooda,  utenaila  and  im- 
plem^ata  which  are  now  belonging  to  the  dwelt- 
ing-hoa8a,outhouaaa  and  aaUte  ortheaald  A.  B., 

attuate  and  being  in atreat,  la  aaid  B.,  now  iii 

tha  occupation  of  tha  aaid  A.  k,  and  which  are 
parUcubwIy  enumerated  and  daeerlbml  in  the 
lecbedule  to  tbeaa  preaenta,  haraundar  written; 
and  aU  tha.«ight,  title  and  intereet  of  the  aaid  a! 

B.  in  and  to  the  aaid  gooda  and  chattalaand  every 
part  and  parcel  thereof. 

To  have  and  to  hold  the  bargained  premiaee 
nnto  the  aaid  CD.,  hia  executora,  admlnletratora 
•on  ***ifOf>  ■•  >^  Md  their  own  proper  gooda 
and  chattele. 

>  '^'ll*^'  "•▼•rtlhclcM,  that,  in  caaa  tha  aaid 
A.  B.,  hia  executora,  eSc,  ahall  pay  to  the  aaid  C. 
D.,hia  asecutora,  eto.,tbe  eum  of  (ho,  on  the 
;r~  .?  •i";r"'ff  '*  •"**•  ••rltar  day  or  time  aa 
the  aaid  C  D.,hia  esecatora.  ets.,  ehall  appoint 
for  Uie  payment  thereof,  la  and  by  a  notiM  In 
writing,  to  be  given  to  tha  aaid  mortgagor,  his  ex- 
ecutora or  adminiatratma,  or  left  at  bb  or  their 

Uatand  uaual  placa  of  alyde,  at  leaet montha 

befiBr.  tha  day  or  time  ae  to  bo  appointed  fur  pay- 
ment aa  ^roaald ;  and  do  and  ahall,  in  tha  mean- 
time until  tha  raoaymaat  of  tha  aaid  principal 
eum,  wali  tad  tmfy  pay  to  tha  aaid  C.  K,  bia  ajc- 
eeutota,  etc.,  iataraat  thereon,  at  the  rau  of — 
per  cant,  par  annum,  by  <^ttal  half  yearly  pay- 

menta  on  — — ->  and  on ,  in  every  year,  and  aUio 

a  pronortiotMki  Mrt  of  aneh  intereet.  for  the  frac- 
tional naried  of  a  half  veat.  if  any,  which  ahall 
clapaa  kMweon  the  last  half  yearly  day  of  pay- 
ment, and  the  es;Hration  of  the  noUea  oo  to  be 

?!S"A  *••*,?•."■•  *!?•  •*«•'  ■"'*  proportional 
Mrt  ts^  paid  immadiaUly  on  the  capiratian 
of  sueh  notfee.  and  each  aavarai  payment  afora- 
aald  to  be  made  ^t^out  anv  deduction  or  abate- 
ineat  whataoavar :  Then  thetie  praaanta  and  every, 
thing  har^  contained  abaU  ceaaa  and  be  abao- 
ljitafyv«id:  anything  hareinbefora  contained  to 
tha  contrary  notwithataading. 

And  it  la  baraby  atoo  declared  and  agreed,  by 
and  batw^aa  the  add  »«rUa«  »*  theaa  praacnto : 

That,  after  date'ilt  abaU  be  made  by  Uie  aaid  A. 
B.,  hia  a»ecntora,  or  adminiatratora,  in  payment 
of  the  ai»B  of  •mo,  aiui  Iniataat,  thea^nlin  auch 
caaa,ltBhaU  ba  UVrAil  for  the  aaid  C.  D.,  hU.ctc, 
Sf"**^K*  5H'?**>'  S»  *^«  pciaaaaaion  of  antt 
thaneaferth  te  held  *a£  antoy  aU  aad  averv  the 
goAdaand  shattela,  andpramiaaa  haraby  i» 
aignad :  ' 

And  atep  to  aeU  and  diapeea  of  tha  aama,  aud 
evaiy  part  tharao^  fw  auch  price  or  pricaa  aa  eaa 
beraaaoaably  had  or  gotten  fbr  the  aama ; 


*«d  to  rwaiva  and  take  the  moaeya  to  arlaa  by 
"'^'*'*,.'^'*tf»**i*  tbarawlth  retain  to  and  ro- 
■mbnrae  hiiwialf  and  themaalvea,  die  aaid  C  D., 
hia  aneutors,  adminlatratsta.  or  aaaigna.  all 
coata,  ohmaa.  and  expaaaaa.  which  baor  they 
may  Inew  la  and  ^bout  making  any  auch  aala  or 
aalea,aad  alao  in  and  about  tta  receipt  and  re- 

■uiLKela    *  "***  ""^  *'  ****  "^  ••»*•»•«.  "• 

Aadjla  4a  MM  placf .  tto  M.aia  and  i^aimburaa 

nimadf  and  tiMmaahrea,  Uie  Mid  C.  D.,  bia  asaei»- 

twB,  fiB.,  ttM  aaid  auia  of  Caoo,  and  tiM  Itttetaat 


thereof,  or  eo  much  thereof  aa  ahaU  then  remala 
unMtlafled,  and  afrar  having  reimburaed  hlm- 
eelf  and  themaalvea  reepectively,  euch  coeu, 
chargae,  and  expenaee,  cum  and  auma  of  money, 
ae  aforeaaid,  to  render  to,  and  account  for  the 
aurplue  of  the  money  arieing  from  auch  aale  aa 
aforeaaid  (if  any)  unto  the  aeid  A.  B.,  hie  eaecu- 
torc,  adminiatratora,  or  aaeigna. 

PoaiBMioH  L'NTit  DirAi;LT,  arc,  MnRTOAGoa  to 
Rn-AiN. 

And  it  la  hereby  aleo  declared  and  agreed  by 
•'!S^^**'*"P  i*"*  ••'''  P»rtiee  to  theee  preaente: 

That  until  default  ahall  happen  to  Im  made  in 
payment  of  the  aaid  principa]  aum  of  Ssoo,  at 
the  day  or  time  hereinbefore  appointed  for  the 
payment  thereof,  contrary  to  the  tenor  and  efTict 
of  the  provleo  hereinbefore  conuined ;  or  until 
default  ahall  b«  made  in  payment  of  the  inUreat 
of  the  ««ld  principa)  aum  or  eome  part  thereof, 
on  eome  or  one  of  the  daye  or  timce  hereinbefore 
appointed  for  payment  thereof,  contrary  to  the 
name  proviao ;  and  until,  in  reepect  of  the  aaid 
intereet,  notice  ahall  be  given  by  the  aaid  CO., 
■>»  •■MUtpra,  adminintratore  oraaeigne,  unto  tha 
•*»,*•?••  *•*•  •"•r.utore  or  adminiatratora,  or 
l«ft  tbr  him  or  them,  at  hia  or  their  uaual  place  or 
placea  of  abode,  reoatring  the  payment  of  euch 
intercat,  it  ahall  be  lawful  for  the  eaid  A.  B.,  hia 
executore  or  adminiatratora,  to  hold,  make  uaa 
jf,  and  poaeeaa  the  aaid  gooda  and  chattela,  here- 
by Maigned.  without  any  manner  of  hindrance 
or  diaturbancii  af  or  by  him.  thr  eaid  C.  D.,  hir 
executora,  admtniatratore.  or  aaaigna. 
Not  to  Si;b  Uktii.  Dspaclt. 

That  he,  the  aaid  C.  D.,hia  executora  or  ad- 
«n«™trat«ir»,  ahall  20t,  nor  will,  unUt  default 
ehall  be  made  in  payment  of  the  aaid  aum  of  taoo 
and  intereet.  or  aome  part  thereof,  on  eome  or 
ana  of  the  daya  or  timea  limited  for  payment 
thereof  in  and  by  the  proviao  for  redei^ption 
nercinbefore  contained,  commence  or  inatitute 
any  action,  auit  orproceaa  againat  the  aaid  A.  B., 
PJ*  •«««4*""  "^  adminiatratora,  for  recovery  of 
the  aaid  debt  or  any  part  thereof. 

In  witneaa  whereof,  etc. 

l^M»r«fiMt«,«r  Bill  of  8iil«. 

Matnltmmct /tr  L(f 

TWa  (agreement,  ar  indennur,  or)  mortgage,  made 
•IB  «*• -— day  of -— ,  between  A.  B. ,  of  — .,  etc. , 
of  the  Brat  part,  and  C.  S.,  of  tha  aame  place,  of' 
the  aacond  part,  witneeeeth : 

That  the  party  of  the  Brat  part,  in  conaidera- 

-fS  tf  ^*  •""*  of  .T  *«>"«'••  to  him  in  hand 
Pfid  *)' *!•  P«rty  the  aacond  part,  the  receipt 
of  which  ia  hereby  acknowledged,  and  for  other 
good  and  iawibi  conaiderationa  him  thereunto 
moving,  haa  bargained  and  aold,  and  by  thcae 
prcaanla  doea  grant  and  convey  j  etc. 

And  in  eanrideration  of  the  pramiac*.  the  party 
of  tha  aec«nd  part  tioea  hereby  covenant  and 
agree,  to  and  wi^  the  party  of  tfce  Bret  part,  hia 
asicutora  and  adminiauatora,  that  he  will  Sup- 
port and  maintain,  and  comfortably  and  auM- 
ctenUy  clothe  the  party  of  the  Brat  part,  and  in 
5"j**''5f'*  '"*  •"«•  provide  for  him,  for  and 
during  the  raat,  reeidue,  and  remainder  of  hie 
natural  Ufe ;  and  that  he,  the  eaid  party  of  the 
aewad  part,  ahall  and  wiU  pay  unto  the  aaid 

an*XJ!l  ^J"  *T.  P"»  »*•  •»'»  of dollara  on 

h        fStr     "      J'""*"*  *"  ••o''  •■>*  "vary  year 

Provided,  however,  that  the  aaid  party  of  the 
aceond  part  ahaU  b«  forever  raiearad  and  dii! 
charged  from  tha  covananta  above  contained,  on 
hiawMt  to  ba  hapt  and  performed,  if  the  aaid 
party  of  the  Brat  part  ahalfraftiaa  to  reaide  in  tha 
eoun^  of—-  aforeaaid,  except  auch  refusal  be 

fSSd2S?lJ*':i»f "^^  *•  "'•'i*'"  eomfortable  a^ 
BumciaatboaH,  lodging,  and  maintenance  in  the 
aala  ^Muaty. 

Ia  witaaea  whereof,  the  aaid  partiee  have  bera- 

•-A  maad  at  lea  luay  be  mortgaged,  but  poaacafioa 
anst  oa  taken  at  toon  as  poMiWe  to  render  the  mott- 
nije  complete.    Portland  Bank  su.  StubU  «^  «/.,  < 

Maas.  4ae. 


*>»»tmmMmmismitf,^»^i 


'  ■  i . 
:''■■■'/ 4 

Jfe 


COm^EVANCBS. 


unto  Mt  thtir  htndt  and  ■mU  tha  day  and  yaar 
brat  abova  vvritun.  A.  B.    I.S/d/ I 

Ksactdd  and  dalivarad )  C.  O.     -Wa/.  I 

In  praaanca  of  W.  B.    ; 


Una 

]M  Salb,  balow, 

'  or  rcraaani  l*p»|>a>iy,  w, 
Cka«Ml  Mwtiriigc. 

This  nottca  should  be  pouad  with  or  near  ihe  notice 
givan  of  til*  aale,  as  wdl  a*  nutice  of  ulverte  cUiin  read 
at  the  sale  in  order  in  warn  purchamm 

To  whom  It  may  concarn  : 

I,  C.  U.,  have  a  mortcaBe,  dah'  Itiad,  on  tha 
proparty  of  A.  B.  now  onarad  for  sale,  which  ia 
of  prior  data  to  the  mortiiage  uiwar  which  thia 

aale  takaa  placa.  and doliara.wlth  Interaat 

tharaon,  la  unpaid,  and  la  now  dua  and  eollacta- 
bl*.  Whoaoavar  buya  thia  propany  t>uva  it  tub- 
Jact  tharato.  C.  D. 

Vettee. 

Sea  SacuaiTV,  below. 


Mert|;«ft«,  •t«.-  %»t«—Mmm»w 

(:^lud»U  tf  artkUt  ,i',:r<luutd,  with  ttrms  e/^r- 
tfuutr.) 

I  have  purchaaad  tha  abAva  proparty  for  the 

•ura  of (!<>Uata,  aublact  to  tha  terma  above. 

(S^pud)      P.  R. 

B«ii»w*l— Ai>4iiTlt  Amt  lt*a«w<MS  mnrt 
(•■tlMOlni;  C'liiUtol  Wortgajn.' 

■tata  of — — , county,  aa. 

I  do  aolamnly  iwaar  that  I  am  ona  of  tha  withln- 
oamad  mnrtgagaaa,  and  tliat  tha  proparty  de- 

■"   "  ■     ""^       ■■"  '  »ar  on  "■ 


acribad  in  tha  within  inortga 


on  tha 


g«fa 
day  of ,  convayad  to to  aecura  tha  pay- 
ment of dollara,  of  which  sum  there  la  yet 

dua  and  unpaid  tha  aum  of .   So  «alp  ms  Ood 

C.  O. 

Sworn  to  bafora  ma,  thia day  of ,  A.  D. 

J.  P.,  Tuttk*  <tf  t/k*  Phu: 
Another, 
•tata  of—,  — ^  county,  aa. 
I  do  Botemnty  awear  that  I  am  oaa  of  the  within- 
namad   mortgagaea,  and  that  tha  proparty  de- 

acribad  in  tha  within  mortgaga  waa.  on  tita 

day  of  — — ,  convay^  to  to  iodamnify 

•gainat  liability  ■•  aurety  for  the  within-named 
mortgagor,  on  a  certain  — ,  on  which 1  am 


aurety ;  and  tliat  tha  within  mortgage  waa  taken 

"  * ti& againat  •! 

Ho  help  ma  Ctod- 


in  good  fUth  to  ii>damnifo  - 
that  may  raault  sbaraef. 


fay  loi* 
C.  O. 


Sworn  to  bafora  ma,  thia  — —  day  of  - 

J.  P.  ( yuttfct  4/  Iht  Piatt. 

XcitewMl— AMMnaJ  IM«t«aa«nt  jf  Wart- 
Mire*'*  lMt«v«at«  •<«.> 

I,  C.  D.,  tha  mortgagaa  mentioned  in  tlia  mort- 
gage of  which  tha  aanasad  (or  within)  ia  a  uua 
copy,  do  hereby  certify  that  the  aum  of—  dol- 
lara and  interaat  thanea  ttttm  the day  of- — , 

M  atill  due  on  aaid  mortgage.  C.  D. 

Dated ,  the  ~ —  day  of 

AnoTHaa 

I,  C.  D.|  tbe  mortgacce  named  la  the  mortgage 
of  whic^  tha  annaxea  («r  within)  ia  a  true  copy, 
deher-bycerUiy  that  tlie  following  notea,  men- 
tioned in  aaid  mortgage,  all  dated  the  — —  day  of 
— ,  are  wboUy  unpaid,  to  wit :  {(nmmtratiHg 
tktm). 

Aim  I  ftirther  claim  tiia  aaid  mortgajrod  prop- 
erty aa  aacority  to  ma  againat  any  lialHllty  for  or 
on  account  of  myhavug  indetaed  tbe  note  of 
B.  P.  thereia  mantionad,  whidti  note  ia  atiU  un- 
paid. C.  D. 

Dated .the day  of . 

llianSfSlJrtnitCwW  rewlTSS^lef' 

Knew  all  men  w  theee  preaentii : 

That  t,  A.  B.,  of—,  in county,  and  State 

ef- — ,  in  conaideration  of ^ollarcto  me  pnid 

M-Thif  affidavit  rr.Mtx,  be  made  within  thirty  days  next 
prioeditig  the  «Kplratioa  of  o«e  year  from  tn*  filing  of 
•hi*  moitgagci  a^  each  year  therealWr,  or  after  tlie  «x- 
pimtion  of  one  year  tna  such  filing,  will  ha  void  as 
■gaiast  ■ubiseque.it  purchasen,  and  mortyagaes  in  good 


by  C.  D.,  ef ,  ia  —  county,  and  State  of — . 

do  hereby  grant,  bargain,  ana  sail  unto  the  eald 
C.  D.,  and  hia  aaaigna,  forever,  the  following 
goode  and  chattela,  to  wit :  (h*rf  givt  Hit  ar  nkf 

To  have  and  to  hold  all  and  aingular  aaid  goodi 
and  chattela  unto  ths  mortgagee  herein,  and  his 
aaeigna.  forever. 

And  the  mortgagor  herein,  /or  hlmaelf  and  for 
bis  haira,  exacutora,  and  admlniatratora,  does 
hereby  covenant  to  and  with  the  eald  mortigagee 
and  Ml.  aaaigna,  that  aaid  mortgagor  la  lawl^lly 
poaaaeeed  of  tha  aaid  gooda  and  chattela,  aa  of 
hia  own  proparty ;  that  the  eama  are  free  from 
all  incumbrancaa,  and  that  ha  will  warrant  and 
defend  tha  eama  to  him,  tha  aaid  mortgagee  and 
hia  aaaigna,  againat  the  lawful  claima  and  da- 
manda  of  ail  paraona. 

Provided,  nevettheteaa : 

That  if  the  said  mortgagor  ahall  pay  to  the 

mortgagee  the  sum  of dollara,  on  the 

davoT ,at  — -,  than  thia  mortgage  ia  to  be 

void,  otherwiaa  to  remain  in  full  force  and  affect. 

And  provided  further : 

That  until  daikult  be  made  by  tha  eald  mortga- 
gor in  the  performance  of  the  condltioa  afore- 
said, it  ahall  and  may  be  lawful  for  him  to  retain 
the  poeaeaaioa  of  the  aaid  gooda  and  chattels, 
and  to  uaa  and  enloy  the  eama;  but  if  the  aame 
or  any  part  thereof  ahall  be  attached  or  claimed 
by  any  other  peraon  or  paraona  at  any  time  before 
payment,  or  the  aaid  mortgagor  or  any  peraon  or 
persona  vfhatever,  upon  any  pretence,  ahall  at- 
tempt to  cany  off,  conceal,  make  way  witix,  aelt, 
or  in  an/  manner  dispoae  of  the  aame  or  any 
part  ther«of,  without  the  authority  and  per- 
mission of  the  eald  mortgagee  or  hia  caecutora, 
admlniatratora  or  aaaigna,  *•>  writing  aapreased, 
then  it  ahall  and  mw  be  k>wful  for  the  aaid  mort- 
gagee, with  or  without  aaaiatancc,  or  hia  agent 
or  ettorney,  or  hia  axecutore,  adminlatratora,  or 
assigna,  to  take  poeeeeeion  of  aaid  gooda  and 
chattels,  by  entariilg  upon  any  premwea  wher- 
ever the  aame  may  be,  whether  in  thia  county  or 
State,  or  elae  where,  va  and  for  tiic  uaa  of  aaid 
mortgagee  or  hie  aaaigna. 

And  if  tha  dtoneya  liereby  aecurad,  or  tha  mat- 
ura  to  be  done  or  i^erformad,  aa  above  apeclfled, 
era  not  duly  paid,  done  or  narfonned  at  tha  time 
and  according  to  the  conditicna  above  eat  focth, 
then  the  aaid  m«rtgMec  or  hia  attorney,  or  agent, 
or  hia  axecutora,  adflMniatratera,  or  aaaigna.  may, 
by  virtue  hereof,  and  without  ai^r  ault  or  pntcaaa, 
imm«dia»ly  enter  and  take  poeeeaslon  of  aaid 
gooda  and  cliatMla,  and  aell  and  diapoaa  of  the 
same  at  public  or  private  aale,  and  after  aailafytng 
the  amount  due,  and  att  aiy^aaaae.  Um  aurplua.  ir 
any  remain,  ahall  be  paid  over  to  aaid  mortgagor 
or  nia'aaaigna' 

That  the  exhibition  of  thia  mortaage  ahall  be 
sufficient  proof  tliat  any  peraon  daimiDg  to  act 
for  tha  mortgagee  ia  duly  made,  conetiti«ad.  and 
appointed  agent  and  attorney  to  do  wbatevar  is 
above  aothorited. 

In  witneaa  whereof,  the  aaid  mortgagor  has 

hereunto  aet  hia  hand  (and  aeal),  thia day  of 

•— .  A.  P.    IShU.] 

Executed  and  delivered  ) 

in  pretence  of  / 

AtuHur. 

Know  all  men  by  these  preaente : 

That  I,  A.  B.,  of ,  etc..  in  eonaider«tton  of 

the  aum  of dollara,  to  ma  paid  by  C  D.,  of 

,  etc.,  the  receipt  whereof  ia  hereby  acknowl- 
edged, have  granted,  bargained;  and  aold,  and 
by  theaa  preaente  do  grant,  bargain, and  aell  unto 
the  aaid  C.  D.  the  feliewinf  named  and  de- 
scribed articiea  of  peraoitat  proparty ;  that  ia  to 
aay  {ktrt/alltw  Ih*  HH  »r  uktiM*,  iriA  a  dtterif- 
tioH  <^  Iht  articttt  m.tr^af*J). 

kith.  See  various  Stales,  above.  k-It  h  not  a  nd6 
cient  statement  to  inOone  on  tlie  mortaage  alreMdy  on 
file,  that  it  i>  refiled  and  renewed,  with  Sietfaiie.  There 
mmt  be  a  (Uterotnt  exhibiting  tM  interest  af  the  mor<' 
gagce.    Filch  •».  Hamphray,  t  Den.  lij. 


iWWMwa^W   fW'-^WWR.   ■ 


—  eeimtv,  and  tMM  ttf — , 
[•In,  ana  •«!!  unto  tha  said 
|na,  foravar,  tha  fvUowing 

0  wit :  (h»rt  git*  Hit  «r  teAf 

1  «li  and  atnf  ttlar  aaM  good* 
I  mortgagaa  haratn,  aad  bu 

harain,  lot  hinUMlf  and  for 
and  admlntatfatora,  deat 
nd  with  tha  aald  mortgagee 
aaid  mortgagor  ia  lawAjlly 
i  goeda  and  cbattcla,  aa  oT 
«at  tha  aama  ara  fraa  from 
I  that  ha  will  warrant  and 
Im,  tha  Mid  mortgagaa  and 
tha  l&wrul  elalma  and  da- 

iaaa: 

tiortgagor  ahall  pay  to  ihe 

of  —  doUara,  on  tha 

■an  thia  mortgaga  la  to  be 
nalo  in  full  forca  and  affect, 
■r: 

«  made  by  tha  aaid  mortga- 
Bca  of  the  condition  afcre- 
'  ba  lawful  for  him  to  retain 
a  aaid  gooda  and  chattela, 
r  the  aama ;  but  if  the  daiee 
liaU  ba  attAchad  or  claimed 
ir  persona  at  any  time  tMforc 
mortgagor  or  any  paraon  or 
pon  any  i^atance,  ahall  at- 
iiwaal,  m«ho  way  with,  aell, 
tepoae  of  tha  aama  or  any 
It  tha  authority  and  per- 
mortgagaa  or  his  caecutora, 
■igoa,  i'y  writing  eapreased, 
tai  lawful  for  the  eald  mort- 
out  aaslktMtcc,  or  hia  agent 
lecutora,  •dministratora,  or 
laaaaion  of  aaid  good*  and 

upon  any  premUea  wher- 
I,  whathor  la  this  county  or 

tu  and  for  the  use  of  aaid 
tgoa- 

heretqr  aacurad,  or  the  mat- 
formad,  «•  above  specittad, 
oe  or  parCaraaad  at  the  time 

coodttiona  above  aat  focth, 
Kcc  or  Us  attorney,  or  agant, 
Miatratora,  or  asatgns,  isay, 
without  aiqf  aoit  or  pj«fcass, 
ind  Uke  possMsloa  of  aaid 
and  aoll  and  dispoaa  of  the 
'ate  aale,  and  dlUr  satia^nnc 
all  a^pauaaa,  tha  surplua,  if 
paid  ovw  to  aaid  mortgagor 

ei  of  thia  mortgage  ahall  be 

an/  peraoo  clatnilBg  to  act 

duly  made,  constituted,  aod 

Attorney  to  do  whatever  is 

>f,  the  aaid  mortgagor  has 

td  (Slid  seal),  thia day  of 

A.  B.    lSt)U.\ 
adj 

:^,  wltk  fSSS»«tmmM»* 

tiuthtr. 
leoa  presents : 
— ,  etc.,  in  GonaideratloB  of 
in,  to  me  paid  by  C  D.,  of 
whereof  ia  hereby  acknowl- 
,  bansliMd,'  and  aoM,  and 
grant,  barfala.and  eaU  unto 
fSltowing  named  ami  de- 
irsenal  property;  that  is  to 
'at  or  tdktiittU,  mtk  m  tttttfif- 
•tgofttt), 

a,  above  l»"It  k  sui  s  sufll 
rte  OR  th«  mortKOge  already  on 
I  renewed,  with  the  date.  Tfccte 
libiting  live  jntemt  of  the  morv 
}hxty,  I  Den.  163. 


CONVEYANCES. 


361 


To  have  and  to  hold  all  and  eingular  the  said 
<oods  and  vhattcli  unto  the  said  6.  0.,and  his 
executors,  adinlniitrators,  and  assigns,  to  his  and 
their  sols  use  forever. 

And  I,  tha  said  mortgagor,  for  myssif  snd  tny 
ciscutors  and  administrators,  do  covenant  to 
and  with  the  eald  mortgagee  and  his  executors, 
admlDlstratprs,  and  assigns,  that  I  am  lawfully 
possessed  of  the  esid  goods  and  chattels,  ss  of 
mvown  property:  that  ths  same  are  free  from 
alllncumbraoctts:  and  that  I  will,  and  my  exec- 
utors and  adminittratcrs  shall,  warrant  and  de- 
fend ths  sama  to  the  said  mortgagee  and  tils  ex- 
ecutors, administrators,  and  assigns,  against  the 
Iswful  claims  and  demands  of  alfpersons. 
Provldsd,  nsvertheless : 

That  If  the  eald  mortgagor,  or  his  executors  or 
sdministrators,  shall  weirand  truly  pay  unto  the 
•aid  mortgagee  or  his  executors,  adminlstrstori, 
or  assigns,  the  sum  of dollars,  thsn  this  con- 
veyance, as  also  a  certain  promissory  nots  besr- 
ing  sven  date  herewith,  signed  by  the  eald  mort- 
gagor, whereby  he  promises  to  pay  the  said 
mortgagee  the  aaid  sum  and  interest  at  the  time 
*!°^f '•"•' f  •*?"  ?°*''  be  void  :  and  otherwise  they 
shell  rsmain  in  full  force  and  vii  luS. 
And  provided  further : 

That  until  default  by  the  aaid  mortgaeor,  or 
his  executors  and  admininrators,  in  tffe  per- 
formance  of  the  condition  aforesaid,  or  of  some 
part  thereof,  it  ehall  and  may  b«  lawful  for  him 
or  them  to  keep  possession  of  the  said  granted 
prop«irtaf,  and  to  uaa  and  enioy  the  asms  :  but  In 
caseofeuch  default,  or  if  the  same  or  any  part 
thercipf  shall  ba  attached  at  any  time  before  pny- 
ment  as  aforesaid,  by  any  other  creditor  or  credi- 
tors of  the  said  mortgagor,  or  if  the  said  mort- 
'■.'""'L^''"'  •»«E"to"  or  •dmintatratora,  shall 
attempt  to  aell  the  same  or  any  part  thereof  with- 
out notice  to  the  aaid  mortgagee  or  his  executors, 
adminietratora,  or  assigns,  and  without  his  or 
'^•n  ■»••»*  to  »ue>>««le,  in  writing  expressed ;  or 
ihall  remove  ths  same,  or  any  part  thereof,  from 
the  pUce  where  they  now  are,  without  auch  no- 
tice and  aaaent,  then  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the 
said  raDrtgagce.hle  executors,  adminiatratora,  or 
assigns,  to  take  Immediate  poaiession  of  the 
whole  of  said  granted  property  to  his  or  their 
own  use,  and  to  sell  and  disp  jse  of  the  whole,  or 
of  eo  much  of  said  graotec<  property  at  public 
auction  as  shall  protJUca  a  sum  of  n.oney  suffi- 
H.h", V'fiKKn^'*  dischargs  the  above-mentioned 
debt  or  liability,  with  interest,  and  a)i  costs  and 
chsrges  of  keeping  aod  aciliog  the  same,  and  all 

^".!l'"'','^'i'*"'''''  "«"■  «»«"  exiaang  thtrson 
without  further  notice  or  demand,  e  «ceot  Kivine 
~T  "■'^'  '*»«*«"  °f  'he  time  and  piar.i  of  said 
sate  to  said  mortgagor  or  his  legal  repreaenta- 
tivea;  and  after  the  aaid  Jebt  of  llabihty,  with 

chamd  and  aatlafied,  the  surplua  of  the  money 
ariaia*  from  aaid  Mle,  aud  tSe  residue  ^  satX 
granted  property,  ahall  be  paid  and  restored  to 
said  mortgagor  or  his  legal  representatives,  dis- 
charged from  all  ctaim  under  this  mortgage. 

In  wltnses  whereof,  the  aaid  A.  B.  has  here- 

nnto  aat  hia  hand  (ami  seah,  this day  of 

Executed  and  dalivcrod  in )  A.  B.    [Stat  \ 

preaaneeof  J  "•        '■' 

Moitsac*  «f  PevaoNiU  Prop«rtjr-«»le— 
«    ^t.  WoUc»«(f. 

^*'f*"T;r"**y"'^  7~'A ">■ ,  at -o'clock 

~  M  .  1  wil!  expose  for  s<»ie.  at  public  auction, 
at  -—  idetigmttitv  tht  fi/a,  f  aC  is,Jf\  the  property 
mortgaged  by  A.  B.  to  C.  tf!, consisting  of--^ 

''f!?"' L"?'«' "h"'?. hog^^tons 

2f?'lf;o~-'""-^'"'"'""*'~»'ush«?of  Wheat! 

"CC»|  «ICs 

Terms  of  aale  to  bo  made  known  on  day  of  sale. 

Datud  — -,  this day  of . 

Mnwttmtv^  af  Pfera«>n»t  ProBcrty— 
Heiieilal*'  -A." 

,f  .JS5J?™Jfr*"^''''r^  cMBists  of  a  great  number 
>)f  articles,  it  is  m     olf  to  refer  to  them  as  "  all  the 
goods,  wares    and  merehihdiwi,  chattels  and  S-ecnT 
mennonedaodcteiciibejnrthe  ichedale  bereu^^^ 
SMed.  nurited ' Schedule  A/ "  aod  thv  (rtKMjdStaB  be 


particularly  cnuDwrated  In  the  schedule.  Tlie  delivery 
IS  essential  in  order  to  make  a  bill  of  sale  valid,  and  the 
subscribing  witness  should  ba  able  to  testify  positively ,  a. 
well  in  relation  to  ilut  as  10  the  consideration  of  the  salr. 
SiMsmiLs  "A," 
Bchedule  of  all  the  furniture  and  household 
goode  mentioned  in  (or  otAtr  /*of*rty),  and  con- 
veyed by,  the  annexed  chattel  mortgage. 

One  parlor  set.       Value . 

"     library  table,       " 
"     book-case,  " 

Etc.,  etc. 

r  ,,*I'""',*?.?"5  ''Bned.  thU day  of- — . 

[li'iliits,]  W.  8.  A.  R 

iMorlflTMve  or  P«raoiiNl  Property,  or, 

„      „      ?"  ^CHri  FaymtHl  iffNottt,  tic. 
hie  OSNKHAL  FoHMS,  and  contlnriing  thus : 
Upon  condition,  however : 
That  the  said  parties  of  the  Arst  part  shall  well 
and  truly  pay  unto  the  said  party  of  ths  second 
part,  his  executors,  adminlstratora,  or  asaigns, 

the  just  and  full  aum  of dollars  and cents, 

with  interest,  being  the  amount  of promis- 
sory notes  made  by  them,  and  dascribed^aa  fol- 
lows, each  bearing  date  the day  of .  oav- 

able  as  follows :  "^  ' 

One  note  for dollars,  payable  at raontha 

from  date  ;  at ,  etc.,  etc. 

And  one  for dollars,  payable  at montha 

from  date,  to ,  at ,  etc.,  eU. 

Etc.,  etc. 

And  upon  the  hirther  condition,  that  if  the  said 
parties  of  the  first  part  will  well  and  truly  indem- 
nify  and  aave  harmless  ths  said  party  of  the  sec- 
ond part  of,  from  and  againat  all  of  the  ooUa  re- 
rnaining  unpaid,  which  were  given  by  said  party 
°J/*1"  .'•'?"''.  P*'*  to  ■■  »'•  *  'o-  on  the  purchaae 
.of(.t/a//tuA<i<)  which  notea  are  particularly  enu- 
merated in  achcdule  B.  hereto  annexed ; 

And  also  against  sll  of  the  notes  and  debts, 
obligations  or  liabilities  mentioned  in  schedules 
C.  and  D.  hereto  annexed,  being  debta  of  the 
party  of  the  second  part,  which  have  been  as- 
sumed by  said  party  of  the  Arat  part,  then  thia 
conveyance  shall  be  void;  otherwise,  to  remain 
In  full  force. 

And  the  said  partiea  of  the  Aret  part,  for  them- 
selves, their  executors,  administrators,  and  ao- 
sigijs,  do  covenant,  promise,  and  agree,  to  and 
with  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  his  exec- 
utors, administrMors,  and  assigns : 

That  in  case  default  shall  be  made  in  the  pay- 
ment of  either  of  eaid  notee  hereinbefore  men- 
tioned, given  by  said  parties  of  the  Arst  part  to 
the  said  party  of  the  Mcond  part,  and  the  same 

shall  remain  due  and  unpaid  for  the  space  of 

daya  thereafter,  then  the  sum  remaining  unpaid 
upon  all  of  aaid  notee  may,  at  the  option  of  the 
said  party  of  the  second  part,  hia  executors,  ad- 
minieUators,  and  assiens,  be  considered  due  and 
payable  immediately ; 
And  in  case  either  of  said  notea  shall  so  remain 

unpaid  for  the  space  of daya,  or  in  case  any 

recovery  shall  be  liad  against  said  party  of  the 
aecond  part,  for  or  by  reason  of  any  note  or  notee, 
or  dcbu  mentioned  fo  acbeduUs  B.  C,  and  D ;  then 
in  that  caee  it  shall  immediatsly  thereupon  ba 
lawful  for,  and  the  said  parties  of  the  Arst  part 
hereby  authorire  apu  empo«ysr  the  aaid  party  of 
tr.saecaod  part,  his  executore,  administrators,  or 
assigns,  with  the  aid  or  aasistance  of  jiny  person 
or  parsons,  to  enter  the  store,  stable,  dwelling- 
r  ;>iise  and  other  premises, and  such  other  place  r^t 
plecb.'  its  the  said  goiids.  chattels  and  property 
are  or  may  be  placed,  «>nd  take  and  carry  away 
the  aaid  g«eita,  chattala  and  pr^tparty,  and  to  aell 
and  disprae  of  the  same  for  the  besi  price  or 
prices  he  can  obtain  for  the  same,  and  out  of 
the  money  arising  therefrom  to  reuin,  take  up 
and  pay  the  amount  then  remainlDg  unpaid  on 
said  notes,  whether  the  aaid  notes  ahall  have  ma- 
tured or  not,  and  all  chargea  touching  the  same, 
and  also  all  monsys  which  may  ba  rseovarttd 
against  him,  the  said  party  of  tl.e  second  part,  for 
or  on  account  of  any  of  the  notea  or  debts  men- 
tioned in  either  of  the  schedules  to  tbU  moTt- 
gage,  or  any  UabiU^  or  chargea  he  coay  incur  bo 


36a 


CONVEYANCES. 


•ccooAt  of  tb«  Mm*,  or  any  pait  th«r«of,  and 
•Im  tha  aapauaa  of  auch  aala.  and  than,  aftar 
raialnlng  auMalaat  tn  hia  handa  to  pay  off  and 
dtacharca  any  of  tha  aa>d  dabta  or  notaa  man- 
tionad  in  aitnar  of  tha  aehadulaa  which  may  r»- 
main  unpaid,  and  applyinc  tha  aaid  monava 
tharato,  randaring  tha  ovarplua  (if  any)  unto  tha 
aaid  partlr>a  of  tha  Brat  part,  or  to  thair  aaacutora, 
admfaiatratoia  or  aaaif  na :  and  in  caaa  of  auch 
aaia  and  ditpoaltion  of  aaid  gooda,  chattela  an'! 
proparty,  it  >hall  and  may  ba  lawful  for  tha  aaid 
party  of  tha  *«cond  part  to  aall  and  dlipoaa  of 
tha  aaid  proparty,  gooda  and  chattala,  togathar 
•r  aaparatcly,  aa  ne  may  prafar. 

And  until  dafau>*  ba  mada  in  tha  paymant  of 
aithar  of  tha  aaid  nvtaa,  and  tha  aam*  ahall  rc- 
jmain  unpaid  for  tan  cava,  or  in  any  of  tha  atlpu- 
latiooa  harainbafora  net  forth  on  Uia  pait  of  the 

Rartiaa  of  tha  flrat  part,  tha  aaid  partica  of  tha 
rat  part  ahall  ramain  and  cootinua  in  tha  quiat 
and  paaeaabla  poaaaaaion  of  tha  aaid  gooda  and 
chattrla  and  proparty,  and  tha  full  and  fraa  enjoy- 
mant  of  tha  aama. 
In  witnaaa  wharaof,  tha  partiaa  of  the  firat  part 

ha^a  haraunto  aet  thair  handa  land  >cali;,thla 

day  of .  A.  B.     t&<-/ l 

Bsacutad  in  preaanca  of  I  W.  B.    [^  «/.  * 

W.8.;*tc.  ;  '■ 

RiortMM  of  P«r*«iiia  Pr*|>«r(y,  or, 
XVattol  HorlKaK^-IMach. 

Thia  (conveyance,  ar  indenture,  «r)  mortgage, 
made,  ate,  between  A.  B.,er  the  one  part,  and 
C  D.,  of  tha  other  part,  witnaaaath : 

That  aaid  A.  B.  Iiaa  by  dead,  under  hia  hand 
and  eaal,  bearing  even  data  with  theae  preaenta, 
aaaignad  and  tranafarrad  unto  tha  aaid  C.  D.  the 

aaid aharaa  of  {dturitt  Uu  ittck),  in  tha 

company  (in  the  mode  pointed  out  in  the  act  of  in- 
corporation thereof),  upon  truat  for  aceuring  to  tha 
aaid  C.  D.,  hia  aaacutora,  admlniatratora,  or  aa- 
eigne,  tha  repayment  of  tha  aum  of  —  dollara 

on neat  enaiang,  with  Intaraat  far  tha  aama 

after  the  rata  of  — —  per  cent,  par  annum,  to  ba 
computed  from  tha  day  of  thaa*  preaenta,  clear 
of  all  deductiona  for  taaea,  or  on  any  otbor  ac- 
count whataoavcr ; 

That  In  caaa  tha  aaid  principal  aum  and  intaraat, 
or  any  part  ol  tha  aama  raapectively,  ahall  remain 
unpaid  to  tha  aaid  C  O.,  hia  asacutera,  adminia- 
tratora,  or  aeaigna,  after  tha  day  or  ri.m»  afora- 
aaid,  upon  truat  at  any  tim*  or  umaa  tharaafter^ 
in  tha  diacretion  of  tha  miUk  C.  O..  hia  asecutora, 
admlniatratora,  or  aaalgna  (without  the  necesitty  of 
any  coneent  or  coacnrrence  on  the  nut  of  the  <aid  A. 
B.,  Me  executori,  etc),  to  malil>«a»  and  abaoltttely 
dlapoaa  of  tha  aaid  - —  aharaa  la  the  aaid  com- 
pany ao  aaalgaed  to  tha  aaid  C.  D„aa  aforeaaid, 
or  any  of  them,  richar  togathar  or  aaparatcly, 
and  either  by  pubHe.aoetiea  or  by  private  con- 
tract ;  and  t«  tranalte  or  aasttra  tha  aama  when 
told  unto  tha  Burebaaer  or  purobaaaia  tharaofor 
aa  ba,  aha,  or  they  ahall  oMer  or  direct ; 

And  upon  Airthar  tmatoutorthe  menay  which 
ihall  arba  aa  weU  from  tha  aala  w  aalaa  afore- 
aald,  aa  ftom  any  of  tba  divlilanda  satf  prafl»  of 
tha  aaid  aharaa  iecralaf  is  Uia  maaatlma,  whirh 
ahall  be  cacaivad  hf  tha  aaM  C.  D.,  hia  amaeutora, 
eta.,  to  pay  or  rataia  tha  aaid  princlfMl  aum  of 

dollara,  with  intaraat  foi'  tha  aama,  aftar  tha 

rate  and  from  tha  time  aferaaaid,  or  ao  much  of 
the  aaid  aam  and  intaraat  aa  ahaU  thaa  remain 
unpaid,  clear  of  all  daductlena  aa  afbraaaid,  to- 
geuiar  with  auch  eoata and aapaaaaa aa abaU  be 
incurred  iMT  the  aaid  C  D,,Ma  a»acutor8,ate.,in 
the  aaacnflon  of  tbeaa  truata,  or  aa  inaidattal 
thereto. 

And  ib  caaa  aftar  paying  or  rataialng  tba  aum 
or  auma  of  moaa^r  and  intanwt,  coaia  and  ax- 
pcnaea  albreaald,  any  aurplua  ahall  ramain  in  the 
handa  of  the  aaid  C  0.,hia  aaeentora,  ate,  un- 
appUM  to  any  of  tha  pnrpoaoa  aforeaaid;  thar 
won  truat  to  p««  rwh  aorplua'  onto  tka  aaid  A. 
B.,  Ua.  ate.,  Ibr  hia  or  their  abaotnte  aaa  and 
banani;  arid  aiao  in  caaa  after  aischpaymaat  of 
tho  anm  «>r  auma  of  money  and  intaraat,  coata 
and  ^iiptaaa8afora8ald,oraJtor  tha  racaipt  of  tha 
aama  from  Va.»  aaid  A.  B.,  his  axaoutora,  etc.,  the 
—  •barao  ia  tha  aaid  aampaay,  or  asy  of 


tham,  ahall  ramain  unaold,  then  upon  ti uet,  o« 
the  rtquctt  and  at  tha  coata  of  tha  aaid  A.  Bh 
hia,  etc.,  to  tranafer  tha  aame  unto  the  eeid  A. 
B..  hia  executora,  etc.,  or  aa  ha  or  they  ehall 
direct,  free  from  all  Incumbrance*,  created  or  oc- 
caeiontd  by  the  eaid  C.  D.,  hie,  etc.,  in  the  mear- 
ttme. 
In  witneaa  whereof,  etc. 

VAKIOVB  CliArBBB. 

DarAULT— PoMBWiow  Until. 
That  until  default  ahall  be  made,  in  paymantof 

the  said  aum  of dollara  and  Intareel,  tha  aaid 

A.  B.,  and  hia  aaalgna,  may  hold,  enjoy,  and  uu 
the  goode  above  mortgaged,  aa  afbraaalJ,  with- 
out the  hindrance  or  interruption  of  the  eaid  C. 
D.,  or  hia  aaalgna. 

DarAULT— MoaTOAOBB  Shall  Not  Sbll  Until. 

That  until  default  ahall  be  made,  in  payment 

of  the  eaid  aura  of dollara  and  intereit,  or 

aome  part  thereof,  the  aaid  C  D.,  hia  aaecutoit, 
or  admlniatratora,  will  not  aall  or  diapoee  of  tht 

•aid gooda,  chattele  and  property  (oraharM  of 

stock  in  the  eaid  company  lo  trantfcrred  to  him  u  *rore- 
uid,  and  will,  from  time  to  time,  pay  over  unto  the  said 
A.  n.,  hi*  eaecutora,  or  adminiitraloii  or  auignt,  ai>y 
dividend  or  dividend*,  which  he,  the  laid  C.  D.,  his  ex- 
ecutort,  or  adminlatraton,  ehall,  in  the  meantime,  have 
received  oa  aecoiul  thereof.) 

Pavmbht— FirrvKB  Dat,  Wnw  Ifmnaar,  aTC. 

Upon  condition  that  aaid  party  of  tha  fi'.at  pait 
ahau  pay  or  cauae  m  be  paid  unto  tha  aaid  patty 
of  tha  aacood  part,  hia  aaacutora,  adminlatraton 

or  aaalgne,  the  eum  of dollara  (M/ /rm(i>al 

inmtnurHl).  on  tha day  of .with  inter- 
eat  thereon  from  the  data  hereof  (or  from  the 

day  of-—),  at  tha  rat^  of par  cant,  per  an- 
num (vr  with  legal  intereit  thereon),  payable  acmi- 

annualiy  («r  i|uarterly ),  on  the day  of ,  and 

tha day  of ,  ate.  {JetigmUmg  tkt  thrntt  of 

/»ymtmil,  in  aach  year,  until  tha  whole  of  aaid 
principal  aum  ba  paid. 
PAVMainwAiniuAL  iMaTAutaMrra,  Wrm  Imtikist, 

BTC. 

Upon  condition  that  aaid  party  of  tha  flrat  part 
ahall  pay  or  eauaa  to  ba  paid  unto  the  aaid  party 
oi  tha  aaeond  part,  hia  aaacutora,  admlniatratora, 

or  aeaigna,  tha  Juat  mnA  ftoll  aum  of dollara 

(tUtiiu^  Ihf  frineffal  turn  nturttt),  in equal  an- 

ntial  ioatalmentt,  from  tha  date  hereof  (#r  com- 
mencing on  the day  of ),  with  interaat  there- 
on at  the  rate  of-  —  par  cent,  per  annum  (tr  with 
legal  interest  thereoki),  payaMt.  annually  with  auch 
ioatelmanU  («r  aeml«nnually,  or  quarterly,  on  the 

d«y»  of lnaMm-/Jk*  tima  ftr  ^t^tmtnt  ^ 

iHltrttt]  Id  each  year). 

PAVMaNT—UmiQUAL  iHa^AUHBMTl,  WiTH  IimBaST, 
BTC. 

Open  eeaditlen  ttirt  aaid  party  of  tha  flrat  part 
ahaO  pay  or  caaaa  to  ba  paid  unto  the  aaid  party 
of  tha  aecond  part,  hia  aaacutora,  adminlatraton, 

or  aaaigna,  tba  luat  ard  Aai^um  of .dollar* 

(ilatlpjf  tkt  ^rim^^  ttcm  tttfir0l),ixi  manner  foi- 
lowiiw,  via. .  tha  anm  of-—  UoBara  on  the,, — 

dayof — aaat:  thaanmef doUaraonthd — 

day  of ;  a^  tha  remaining  aum  of— do*- 

lara  in from  tha  aaid  laat-raKUtlenad  date,  'e 

gcthar  with  tbo  iBt«r*at  at  tha  rate  of —  r^;' 
cent,  par  annum  (ar  with  hfal  lataiatt  on  tht  ■■•)■■■ 
auM  reaainiag  UB|,  'liatteUBecf  aachpaync'd; 

l^oainaioM. 
See  Da*Atn.T,  nr.,  above. 

8*1.8. 

See  DBVA1II.T,  ebeva. 

Snctmrrr— Ok  a  Notb. 

Up«b_conditioo,howi«er,  that  If  the  aaid  party 

of  the  flrat  mut  rt»all  wall  and  truly  pay  t*  the 

aaid  party  o7  tha  naeond  part,  bia  eaacutora,  aC- 

miniatratora,  and  aairigiM,  a  cartaiB  pramiaaery 

pote,  nu4a  hy ,  for d<<Uara,  baaHng  date 

the  — -  da*  of--—,  and  payaola  —  aftar  date  to 
Uia  Sfdar  of  B.  P.  {»r  hi*  protnluoiy  note,  of  which 
the  (btlowiiw  hs  a  copy,  uttHv^  i  /n1k\  aGG«::dii|g  to 
tha  tenor  thereof,  ther  thb  convayanca  abi^l  t 
void ;  atharwiaa,  to  r>;mKin  la  fnU  fisK*.    Aod  to 


:  ,<nf1  M*\X*i.  iMiMa'  tHeUAitf  <t(.<>urtrf«M'*>Wtr«a*«iWi>«^*RM 


iMold,  th«n  upon  tiust,  on 
h*  coats  of  tho  laid  A.  B., 
tha  lama  unto  th«  aaid  A. 
c,  or  as  ha  or  thay  shall 
loumbrancaa,  craataa  or  oc- 
Z.  D.,  his,  ate.,  In  tha  msar- 

,atc. 

PoMuaioK  Until. 
hall  ba  mada,  In  paymantof 
iollara  and  Intarasi,  tha  said 
la,  may  hold,  anjoy,  and  use 
rtgagad,  aa  afbrasalJ,  wilh- 
intarruptlon  of  tha  said  C. 

»  Shall  Not  Sill  Until. 
shall  ba  mada.  In  payment 
—  dollara  and  Intarast,  or 
a  said  C  D.,  hia  axecutots, 
U  not  aall  or  diapoaa  of  the 
ila  and  proparty  Jariharn  of 
ly  ao  Iraiufarred  lo  nim  u  sforc- 
I  to  lime,  pay  over  unto  the  juaid 
adminietraloit  or  au>igi»,  any 
'hich  ha,  the  said  C.  D.,  h»  rx- 
n,  shall,  in  Um  meantime,  have 
aof.) 

Day,  WfTM  IiiTnaaT,  stc. 
t  aald  Mrty  of  tha  li'.at  pa>t 
ba  paid  uoto  tha  aald  paity 
ia  axaeutora,  admlnlatratori 

of dollars  (<*#  /rimi/al 

day  of .with  Inter- 
data  haraof  («r  irom  ihe 

t'  of •  par  eant.  par  an- 

srett  thereon), jpayabla  aami- 

,  on  tha aay  of ,  and 

He.  {Jttigmatint  tkt  timtt  of 
ar,  until  tha  wbola  of  aaid 

iSTAutairra,  Wrm  IirminT, 

■TC. 

t  said  party  of  the  flrat  part 
ba  paid  unto  the  aald  party 
I  aaacutora,  administrators, 

vnfi  ftiU  aum  of dollara 

Kwr  ticurtd),  in  —  equal  an- 
im  tho  date  hereof  («r  com- 

of ),  with  Interaattbarc- 

per  cent,  par  annum  («r  with 
wyablt.  aaauany  with  auch 
uuiually,  tr  qimrteily,  on  the 
'inftht  Hmei /mr  p)^tmt  ff 

wiAUMMTS,  With  Iirrwiasr, 

■TC. 

t  aaid  party  of  the  flrat  part 
bo  poli  unto  tha  aald  party 
R  ejcacutota,  administrators, 

acd  niU  isun  of .dollars 

tm  tt^urtd\  in  manner  fol- 
I  of-—  Uobara  on  the,, — 

lom  of dollara  oo  thi' — 

remaining  aum  of— dr,<. 
old  tast-mvutioiiad  date. ' 
raat  at  tha  rata  of —  \f^- 
riih  Isisl  iBMMst  on  the  x  ..>)r 
t  iait  dme  of  each  payox'tV' 


MIX,  anc.,  above. 

8«u. 
vauit,  cbova. 

r— Ok  a  Not*. 
w«"er,  that  If  tbr  aald  party 
I  wall  aotf  truly  poy  to  the 
w&  part,  hia  axaeutora,  aC- 
dma,  a  eortaln  promiaMry 
*——  dHtera,  baanns  date 
id  pajMiola  — -  altar  miw  to 
his  promlaoty  note,  of  wbicli 
vHhiE  U  ftrt^h  acce;rdiM[  to 
r  thbi  convavanca  sbalf  bi 
;mKla  in  fnitTiaKa.    Antf  to 


CONVEYANCES. 


3«3 


rase  d*fauit  shall  be  made  In  payment  of  aaid 
note,  eta.  (at  in  tthtr  ciutt). 

SussTY— In  a  I.sass. 
Upon  condition,  however,  ^hat  If  the  eald  party 
of  the  first  part,  his  sxecutors,  administrators 
rndaaaigna,  shall  well  and  truly  pay  tha  rent  to 
accrue  on  a  leaaa  made  by  L.  R.  to  the  said  par«y 
of  the  ant  part,  bearing  date  the day  of— 1 

»nd  thall  perform  all  the  covenami  on  hit  part  therein 
ronuined),  and  Indemnify  and  save  harmless  the 
•»'<".  P"r*y  of  the  recond  part  from  and  against 
all  damage,  coau  and  axpenaas  by  reaaon  of  his 
having  become  a  surety  thereon,  then  thU  con- 
taiuwc*  *"''*'  "^^^'^^  »«  remain  In 

And  In  case  default  ahail  be  made  In  auch  pay- 
ment (and  performance),  etc.  (<u  in  »tMtrcatn). 
See  LiASM,  ante, 

A    A   COVXNANT  TO  Waskan.-  THS  GoOOC. 

And  the  Mid  A.  B.,  for  himself,  his  executors, 
and  admlnisuators,  all  and  singular  tha  said 
R,.  A'lli'r'  r?  *!!i*"  P"""»»  granted,  etc.,  unto 
Jhf  ..M  A  »  'J^'*  «"cutc.r»,etc.,  againat  him, 
the  said  A.  8.,  hie  executors  and  admlnletratora, 
and  against  all  and  every  other  peraon  and  per- 
•ons  whatsoever,  shall  and  will  warrant  andW 
rrer  defend  by  these  presents. 

Waxramtv. 
And  I,  the  said  niortRsgor,  for  myself  and  for 
"'^•*?5.!'it"  *'ii  ««JnilnlstratorB,  do  covsnant  to 
and  with  the  said  mortgagee,  and  with  hia  exec- 
utors, admlnistratora  and  assigns,  that  I  am  law- 
fully. pMaesaed  of  the  aald  gootja  and  ihStteta. 


a.  of  my  own  mroperty;  that  t».a  aama  »ra  SS 

that  I  will,  and  my  executors  and  admlnletratora 
•hell,  warraiit  and  defend  the  name  to  the  aaid 
mortgagee,  hia  exacutora.  admlnletratora.  and 

Sf'ifi''^ra£'na°"         *•*'"'  '  ''""  •"*  ^'i^Sa 

POWERS  OP  ATTORNEY.   See  tiUe 

Agency,  subject  Attornkvs  in  Fact.  mate. 

p.72,e/sef. 

WILLS  are  either  abMlute  or  conditional 
conveyances  of  property. 

A  WILL  (l««t  will  and  testament)  U  the  dia- 
positicji  or  one**  property,  to  take  effect  after 
deatn.* 

The  word  will  includes  codic«U. 

^''i!f"J"**""*'»  (*"  nuncupative)  and  writ- 
ten. The  former  are  called  nuncupaUve  from 
nuncupart,  to  name,  declare,  or  make  a  tol- 
emn  declaration;  because  this  class  of  wiUs 
were  required  to  be  made  in  solemn  form  be- 
fore witnesses,  and  afterwards  reduced  to  writ- 
ing,' and  by  the  aj^intment  and  naminjr  of  an 
executor.'  ^ 

The  practice  of  allowing  (he  owner  of  nrou. 
erty  to  direct  ita  destination  after  hu  tleath  is 

y*^  «nc>ent  date,  coeval  with  dviliaition 

eif.t  and  with  rare  excepUons  has  existed 
always  and  everywhere. 

Bbqukathino  is  the  giving  of  personal  prop- 

r-Swiaebanir  WiJI^  p,.  ,    ii„,p|.  ,_.  <?^*4. 

xlvlll.  m;  Cl  ■ 


^^^\'viii'\-u^r^ri:ii^^''^t^^^ 


•4.il  .V-Geoestei 


.Col.  Hi.  15; 


nceo,  jo^.    M-i,  rmm.  St.  9 ;  s  daaed,  joj  j  4  V7beat. 


erty,  by  will,  to  another.'  The  word  may  be 
copttrued  "devise."'  A  gift,  by  will,  of  per 
sonal  property,  is  called  a  "  bequest." 

Blindness.  Se*  Testator  —  Capacity, 
below. 

Cancfllation  of  a  will,  with  an  intention 
to  revoke,  is  a  revocation,  and  the  destruction 
or  obliteration  need  not  be  complete,!  but  must 
be  by  the  testator  or  in  his  presence,  and  by  his 
direction  and  consent.*  It  must  be  done  with 
an  intention  to  rcvolie  j  and  evidence  is  admis- 
sible to  show  with  what  intention  the  act  is 
done.' 

Charitiis  are  gifts  to  general  public  uses, 
which  may  be  extended  to  the  rich  as  well  as 
the  poor."  They  embrace  gifts  to  the  poor 
of  every  class,  including  giAs  to  poor  relations, 
where  the  intention  is  manifest;*  for  «very  de- 
scription of  college  and  school,  and  their  in- 
structors and  pupils,  where  nothing  contrary 
to  the  fundamental  doctrine  of  Christianity  b 
taught;  to  all  institutions  for  the  advanceraeat 
of  the  Oirisfian  relieion;*  to  all  churches,P 
chapels,  hospitajs,  orphan  Bsvlums,<i  dispensa- 
ries,' and  the  like  ;•  to  generul  public  purposes,' 
as  supplying  water  or  Tight  to  towns,  building 
roads  and  bridges,  keeping  them  in  repair, 
etc.,"  and  to  other  charitable  purposes  general 
in  their  character.' 

A  codicil  is  an  addition  to,  or  qualification 
of,  a  last  will  and  testament. 
.  Ail  codicils  are  a  part  of  the  will,  and  are 
10  be  so  sunstrued."  A  codicil  duly  executed, 
and  atuched  or  referring  to  a  paper  defectively 
executed  asa  wUI,  has  the  eftect  to  give  operation 
to  the  whole  as  one  ixsirument.*  There  may 
be  nunnerous  codicils  m  the  same  will ;  in  such 
<^*?«?  {ne  "tw  ones  operate  to  revive  and  re- 
publish the  earlier  ones.r  But  in  order  to  set 
up  an  informallv  executed  paoer  by  means  of 
one  subsequently  executed  in  due  form,  refer- 
ring to  such  informal  paper,  tJie  reference  must 
be  such  as  clearly  to  identify  the  paper.* 

It  is  not  competent  to  provide  by  will  for  (hi 
disposiUon  of  property  to  such  persons  as  shall 
be  named  in  a  subsequent  codicil,  not  executed 
according  to  the  prescribed  formalities  in  regard 
to  wi1'.l;  since  all  papers  of  that  character,  in 
whatwrer  form,  if  intended  to  operate  only  m 
Ihe  dUposiUon  of  one's  property  after  death, 
are  of  a  testamentary  character,  and  mv^t  be  so 
treated.* 

Cy  pkjs  (as  near  as)  is  the  nile  of  construe 
tion  applied  to  a  will  (but  not  to  a  deed)  Iiy 
S18;    I  Somn.  C.  C.  sj-a ;    10  Penn.  St.  r  > ;    «N  H 

•Sg;  >  Io*«.  Jto.    a.jjPenn.  St.9;    i7u  An  Ji 

P«m.  St.  4M. .  B-»4Co»ui.  jjp.  V.4  R.  1. 4,; :  „  lL 
An.  30, ;  5^,0  St.  ajy  •  33  Penn.  Si.  4i5;Vlnd  46s 
?(,*J"'i''"^ii}    «7Wio8;    i6Biiy   fie"     *^ 


Rolit.  510; 


c''b^f'^^'-^z-''°^-"Fj "'  «">r7YouAgVii 

^^;^Ke%^c^^«,3"''«?,^?:Mo^.'3^.^1^^-•••• 


*'.^^B;Mon.  390;  6Johna. 
k'i' aif^i'  "c"*f  5<?*  »*»«».  J67;  yld.  08:  I 
v~  riTVS^'"        n.??*.*"'  numsrvun  cases  cited  in  » 


«« V,»*  J  B.Moore  ,     n^N.V.  ,40     , 
11  Id.  >«,-  3  MyUw  &  k.  tSs  ;  1  Vea.  ft  5 


*—,  MS- 


3«« 


CONVEYANCES. 


which,  Irhera  the  tetutor  evinces  •  particular 
and  ■  general  Intention,  and  the  |>articular  inten- 
tion cannot  tiike  effect,  thf  word*  shall  be  so 
construed  as  to  give  effect  to  the  general  inten- 
tion.^ The  principle  h  applied  to  sustain  wills 
in  which  |>en)etuitieH  ure  created,  so  that,  if  it 
can  possibly  M  done,  (he  devise  is  not  regarded 
as  utterly  void,  but  is  expounded  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  carry  the  testator's  intention  into 
effect,  as  far  as  the  law  respecting  perpetuities 
will  allow.  This  is  called  a  ryfrtj  construc- 
tion.    Its  rales  are  vague  and  aepend  chiefly 


upon  judicial  discretion   upr!ied  tu  the  partic- 

.Jledtoi 
and  bequests  for  charity.' 


ular  case*    It  is  alto  applied  to  sustain  devises 


Designation  is  the  expression  used  by  the 
testator  to  denote  a  person  or  thiiir  instead 
of  the  name  itself;  thus,  a  beq';>;st  ol  the  farm 
which  the  testator  iwught  of  a  person  named, 
or  of  a  picture  which  hn  owns,  painted  by  a  cer- 
tain artist,  would  be  a  .{Mignation  of  the  thing. 
So  a  legacy  "  to  the  eldest  son  "  of  A.  would 
be  a  designation  of  the  person.' 

Devisk  is  a  gift  of  real  property  by  a  per- 
son's last  wilt  and  teatament. 

A  pervon  to  whom  a  devise  is  made  is  called 
the  "  devisee."  A  person  to  whom  the  residue 
of  a  testator's  real  estate  is  devised,  after  satis- 
fying tiie  debts  aid  bequests  and  de> '  s,  U 
called  the  "  residuary  devisee."  All  pfcrsoni 
having  an  existence,  and  even  embryos,  may 
be  devisees,  unle«  excepted  bv  some  positive 
law.  But  the  devisee  must  be  in  existence,  ex- 
cept in  case*  of  devises  to  charitable  uses.*  In 
f;eneral,  whosoever  can  acquire  property  by  hk 
mbat  and  industry  moy  receive  a  deviite.'  So, 
aliens,  married  women,  minors,  end  persons 
of  non-sane  memory,  may  be  devisees.! 

A  testator,  being  one  who  devises  real  estate, 
is  ealleu  also  a  de  isor.  Any  person  w-ho  can 
sell  an  estate  m%y,  in  general,  devise  it ;  and 
there  ans  v>im.  diiaiMliiies  to  a  sale  which  are 
not  such  to  a  deviie.^ 

The  tem  devise  properly  and  techninJly 
appliM  only  to  re*'  esute.  The  object  of  the 
devise  must  therefore  be  that  kind  oif  praowrty.' 
But  it  is  also  sometimes  fanpropcrly  appued  to 
a  bequest  oi  iegacy.) 

Devices  are  contingent  or  vested;  that  is, 
after  the  deiith  of  the  tesutor.  Wlien  the 
vesting  of  anjr  estate  in  the  devisee  is  made  to 
depend  upon  some  future  event,  it  is  contin- 
gent ;  if  the  event  never  occurs,  or  until  Idhe 
event  doe*  ccur,  no  estate  vests  under  the 

te>j  HanOi.  ift:  «T  ».  •$♦!  •  8Ufb.  4t!   S««l. 
Pow.  «o;   I  SpSflca'Xq,  jar.  Jja.    »S«4p».  Centt.  L. 
36j ;  Story  Kq.  Jur.  M  IMS.  tt  ne.    4l-S«t  llo|S«r  Lw. 
Ch...     »8wnff,%7|JrjgHfa!   ^wSlHi. 
a  Mo«.  l;    4  WMat,  n,  M.    K»m. 
I  nnimc.  W4. 
fc4 


Prop.  MS; 


aWsfUt. 
•7;  4  wasat,  33, «.  TCmi.  k 
I'  333  #-4  K«Bl.  CswMH.  saSj  i  Hmttc.  ^_.  __ 
to  corpa^ttaat  sM  a  WMkb.  it.  ntm.  <•*.  1i*Sa*  s 
WMri>;R.t^«s,e(M.  l-iHiBAW.C.ABa-e«- 
74.   J-4  X«w.  OMUa.  Of.  i.VtajUH-.  41 ;  Cms.  Dif. 

nien>iit>  eass*  dtsd.    »4t  Pl«k,  )il :    I  W.  &  S.  aoj. 

w.  »S:  4  nek.  lat:  7  Met.  Msm.  m.    8wR«Sff 
Wills.    #4  Yam.  (£.  »4i  >S  V«s.  Ol.  si*:  3  Whar 


^rt ',  4  lt«it  Cmm.  S4<.  »4«. 


net.  aiSiM,  1*3. 
>5V«s.ai.ji9: 
I,  Wld  CMMS  <its> 


<iM<<iatK. 


devise.  But  where  the  future  event  is  refmed 
to  merely  to  determine  the  time  st  which  ihr 
devisee  shall  conn,  into  the  use  of  (he  mtatr, 
this  does  not  hinder  (he  vesting  nf  the  estair 
at  the  death  of  the  testator.'  The  law  favox 
the  construction  of  the  will  that  shsll  vest  tin- 
estate  t'  but  this  construction  must  not  be  car 
rivd  to  such  an  extent  as  to  defeat  the  manifeM 
intvint  of  the  testator."  Where  the  estate  1^ 
given  absolutely,  but  only  the  time  of  the  |)os 
seuion  is  deferred,  the  devisee  or  legatee  ac- 
quires a  transmissible  interest,  although  lis 
never  arrive  at  the  age  to  take  possession.* 

Where  the  devisee  dies  during  the  life  of  iht. 
testator,  and  the  devUe  has  lapsed,  the  estoie 
so  devised  will  go  to  the  heirs,  notwithstanding 
a  residuary  devise.  But  if  the  devise  he  voiil, 
as  where  the  devisee  is  dead  at  the  date  of  the 
will,  or  is  made  upon  a  condition  precedent 
which  never  ha(>pens,  the  estate  will  go  to  the 
rcHtduary  devisee  if  the  words  are  sufficiently 
comprehensive.* 

Epkkcts  denotes  "  property,"  and  this  in  a 
more  extensive  sense  thisn  "goods,"»  In  s 
will  "effects"  will  carry  the  whole  pergonal 
estate.s  but  not  real  estate  unless  the  word 
"real"  be  adde<l'  When  preceded  or  foi. 
lowed  in  a  wilt  by  words  of  narrower  imj  in 
if  the  bequest  is  not  residuary,  it  will  be  con- 
fined to  species  of  property  of  the  same  kind 
with  those  previnusly  described.* 

Fakm.  In  a  will  the  word  "flurm"  may 
pass  a  freehold,  if  it  appears  that  such  was  the 
intention  of  the  testator.* 

Goods.  In  wills  "  goods  "  is  a  most  com- 
prehensive and  general  term,  and,  if  there  is 
nothing  to  limit  it,  it  will  comprehend  all  the 
personal  esute  of  the  testator,  as  bonds,  furni 
ture,  money,  notes,  stocks,  etc.,  etc.,*  bat  in 
general  it  will  be  limited  to  the  context  of  the 
will.» 

Goons  AND  Chattels.  In  wills  tbe  term 
"goods  and  chattels,"  if  unrestrained,  will 
pass  all  personalproperty.* 

Hoi/SKHOU)  FuRNiTURK.  By  this  expres- 
sion, in  wills,  all  personal  chattels  will  pass 
that  may  contribute  to  the  use  or  convenience 
of  the  household,  or  the  ornament  of  the 
house:  as,  china,  linea,  pictures,  and  plate. 
But  goods  or  plate  in  the  nands  of  the  testitor 
to  the  ynf  of  W  trade  will  not  pass;  nor  will 
books  nor  wines.* 

(kx)DS.    This  expraasion,  in  wills,  will 

pus  everything  of  «  permanent  nature  (that  is, 


^a  Shanw.  Bi  Conn.  «ll4<    ... 
119;  C0WP.J199;   ij  Vja.^Ch.  ioy. 


jarm.  Ed.  167;  15 
"    1*6;  Il<^r. 
WlMHl  "  chit 
Perk  Ed. 


«•»>«««  <|;^«" 


a  10.  Sec  »  aha 


Oar. 

3  V*^Cb.  39; 
H.  Conun. 


Id,  3ti6j  Il<^r.  Im.  at 

ItttflWCU 

S8St_  5»o,  sj  . 
Cast.  44|.    •->  AlU.  Ch.  i8o-ita;«!d.  (b;iP, 


pane*  rarity,  taa  1  Jaraian 

».«  T.  a.  Mi  9 

wm». 


.»'• 


a«7:  I  Brown  Ch.  icS;  4  Ross,  eh,  «?«);  WiM.  Ex. 

~  W-^Stm  «  BMl.  Stu*.  Vn. 

I  Vaa.  Qk.  til  71d.  aia : 

.  «t)ea,  lOt ;  a  Cwi.  14a  i  Ay- 

llflk  Paad.  s«6:  Wnt  iiu.  ate;  Sotd.  Vmid.  4^,  4^7 
W-See  Addis.  Contr.  ji,  ooi,  913,  014.    s-i  ^nnan 
»«•  M,  Ml,  S!*.  Wi;  «  ▼«.8r.  Ch.97;  a 
Ed.  it)!? ;  t  Jekas.  CIi.  pif. 


1M4;  I  Ropar.  Lm.  ajo.  1 
Ch.  a»» :  I  Chhty  Pr.  39, «.  ; 
Hama'^wide*.  f«a:  i  V<»)i 
llflk  Paad. ,  '  "'  - 
W-S«e  Add 
WiUa.  Pmk 
Wms  ta.i 


mttiMmmiimtmmitiiAiim 


(OUMieiWiR  .JtMinMttMs 


HikAMteal 


he  future  event  ii  referred 
ine  (he  time  at  which  the 
ito  the  u»e  of  the  eitaie, 
the  vesting  of  the  estate 
estator.*  The  law  favon 
he  will  that  shall  vest  tin- 
itruction  must  not  be  car 
t  as  to  defeat  the  manifest 
r."  Where  the  estate  n 
only  the  time  of  the  |x>S' 
he  devisee  or  legatee  ac 
le  interest,  although  lit 
e  to  take  posseuion.* 
dies  during  the  life  of  Ihi 
Ise  has  lapsed,  the  estate 
he  heirs,  notwilhatandinx 
But  if  the  devise  be  void, 
is  dead  at  the  date  of  (he 
in  a  condition  precedent 
I,  the  estate  will  go  to  the 
he  words  are  sufficiently 

'  property,"  and  this  in  a 
e  than  "goods."*  In  a 
;arry  the  whole  peiMnal 
1  estate  unless  the  word 
When  preceded  or  fo!- 
ords  of  narrower  imj  i<z 

residuary,  it  will  be  co,.- 
roperty  of  the  same  kind 
described.* 

the  word  "Iknn"  may 
tppears  that  such  was  the 
or.» 

'goods"  is  •  moat  com- 
aJ  term,  and,  if  there  is 

will  comprehend  «11  the 

testator,  m  bonds,  furiii 
tocks,  etc.,  etc.,"  bat  in 
ited  to  the  context  of  the 

riu.  In  Willi  th«  term 
,"  if  uareatrained,  will 
erty." 

iTVMt,  By  this  espres- 
sonal  ch»ttel*  wiU  pass 
a  the  uae  or  convenience 
r  the  ornament  of  the 
ta,  pictures,  and  plate, 
the  nands  of  the  testator 
e  will  not  p«M;  nor  will 

espraaaioii,  in  wills,  will 
ermanent  natare  (that  is, 

R4>  4|-ilfaiM.  ($.  r«:«M 
.  Ch.  JOT.  *4  Fmrd  Dev. 
W.  440.  •-13  Vs».  Cb.  39; 
lo.  S«e  a  Shaisw.  M.  Conun. 
"  puM*  realty,  sm  i  J«naan 
»,  joi,  n  t-e  T.  R,  345;  9 
ilk^iSa;«{d.«a;iP.'WlD>. 
\  Kim.  Ch,  3tt>:  Wim.  Ek. 
.  v-S«r  «  But.  Stiff.  Ve«. 
«.;«¥«.  Ch.  ds:  /W.  «• ; 
'««tse»,  MI ;  »  Cai.  14*  i  Ay 
%.  tit;  Sotd.  VMd.  M,  4(7 

3U],  912,  014,  x-i_^traian 
6,  M.;  I  Ytt.Sr.Cn.^;  i 

>  JekM.  CH.  }■». 


CONVEYANCES. 


lAl 


srticlaa  of  houaahold  which  are  not  consumed 
III  thair  cnjcnrment)  that  were  used  or  pur- 
chased, or  otharwise  acquired  hy  the  testator, 
for  hia  housa;  but  not  goods  in  the  way  of  his 
trade.  Plate  will  pass  by  this  term,  but  not 
ariicles  of  consumption  found  in  the  house,  as 
malt,  hopa,  or  victuals;  nor  guns  or  pistols,  if 
uHcd  in  hunting  or  sport,  and  not  for  defence 
of  the  bouse.  A  clock  in  the  house,  if  not 
hxed  to  it,  will  pass." 

STurr.    These  words  are  sometimes 

u*e(l  in  a  will.  Plate  will  pass  under  this 
iirm,"  but  not  apparel,  books,  cattle,  victuals, 
nor  choaes  in  action  which  do  not  fall  within 
the  natural  meaning  of  the  word,  unleM  there 
lie  an  intention  manifest  that  they  should  pass." 
Ooods,  as  seven  hundred  beds  in  possession  of 
l<»tator  for  purposes  of  trade,  do  not  pasti  un- 
der "  household  stuff."*  In  geneial,  "  houne- 
hold  stuff"  will  paia  all  articles  which  may  be 
used  for  the  convenience  of  the  house.* 

In  TKRaoauM.  When  a  legacy  is  given  to 
a  person  upon  condition  not  to  dispute  the 
validity  or  the  dispositions  in  wills  and  testa- 
inents,  the  conditions  are  not,  in  general,  obli- 
gatory^but  only  m  ttrrorum  ;  that  is,  by  way 
of  terror,  threat,  or  warning;  if.  therefore, 
ihef«  exists  a  reasonable  or  sufficient  cause  for 
liiigiition,  the  non-observance  of  the  conditions 
will  not  be  a  forfeiture.*  But  when  the  acqui- 
escence of  the  legatee  appears  to  be  a  material 
ingredient  jr  the  gif:,  the  bequest  is  only  such 
while  the  legstao  !«h*J,i  refrain  from  disturbinir 
the  w»l!.»  " 

iNCKPTsoN.  In  ihs  mfUti?  %  of  »  will  the 
writing  is  iht   <t'v  otion.' 

iNTtNTioh.  Jr  'art  w^U  aisu  !c9lamenu 
the  intention  ol  lU  ',■■,  .auw  (£ovems  unless  the 
thing  io  be  done  ;*  ppostd  lo  some  inflexible 
rule  of  law.i  This  intention  is  to  be  gathered 
from  the  instrument,  rjid  fro.11  every  part  of  it> 
INTWTATK.  An  intestate  is  one  who,  having 
lawful  povcr  to  make  a  will,  haa  made  nonei 
or  hu  iwade  one  which  is  defective.  In  such 
ca«*  the  deceased  is  said  lo  die  intestate,  and 
hi»  estate  and  effecte  descend  to  his  heirs  in  the 
njanner  prescribe**  by  law.  See  General  Stat- 
utes. One  who  cannot  lawfully  make  a  last 
will  and  tesument  is  called  intestable.  An  in- 
wnt,  an  insane  penon,  or  one  civilly  dead  can- 
not make  a  will  '.»  want  of  capacity  or  under- 
standing; and  in  the  absence  of  a  statute  to 
the  contrary  a  married  woman  cannot  make  a 
will  without  the  concurrence  of  her  linsbawl, 
liecause  the  is  under  hia  authority. 

Isw«-    Dewendants,  ail  persons  who  have 

descendaa  from  a  common  ancestor.'    In  a 

will  the  word  "  issue  "  may  be  hsld  to  have  a 

y-i  Janaaa  Wnh,  Pwk.  Cd.  389;  i  Hop.  Ua.  im. 


Ch.  jo»     •^•r.'vburnc  Wilui  Pi 


'^k 


r-3 

mta 


«.  ^^Jm        ■»-"-;  """^"S'*       "till,      «-| 

Vem  Cfe,  $•;  t  HUl  Abr.  .«, 
MkJ3^  404.    4MI  P.  Wfc..-Ci>. 
1,  *;  PtOwd.  343.    m-6 
..-J. Mm:  «P«t.M.    11.3  v«s.  uh.  joj:  4 


^ 


>.  C3i.  <<>«.    *4  P.  Wte..  CK.  5»,  ■■'  Vaalr.  Q 

1-3  *••<*•  'jr ;  «jr  W  4«: ;  19  M.  «? ;  i  Rop, 


10.    «!-« 

Id. 


more  restricted  meaning  in  order  lo  carry  out 
the  testator's  intentton.i 

Last  will  is  a  disposition  of  real  estate  to 
take  effect  after  death.  It  is  strictly  dittinguish 
able  from  "testament,"  which  Is  applied  to 
personal  estate;"  but  the  words  are  generally 
used  together,  "  last  will  and  testament,'  in  a 
will,  whether  real  or  personal  estate  is  to  be 
disposed  of. 

Leoaciks  are  gifts  by  last  will.    The  term  is 
more  commonly  applied  to  money  or  personal 
property,  although  sometimes  used  with  refer- 
ence to  a  charge   ujwn  real  estate.'     An  ahso. 
lute  legacy  is  one  without  condition,  to  vest 
immediately."     An  additional   legacy  is  one 
given  to  a  legatee  to  whom  a  legacy  has  ol- 
ready  been  given;  it  may  be  either  by  an  in- 
crease in  a  codicil  of  a  prior  legacy  given  in 
the  will,  or  lo  another  legacy  added  lo  that  al- 
ready given  by  the  will."    An  alternative  legacy 
gives  two  01  more  things  without  designating 
which.      A    conditional    legacy    is  a   bequesi 
whose  existence  depends  upon  the  ^lappeninu 
or  not  of  some  uncertain  event,  by  which  it  in 
to  take  ploce  or  be  defeated.*   A  general  legacy 
is  one  so  given  as  not  to  amount  to  a  bequest 
cf  a  particular  thing  or  monev  of  the  testator, 
distinguished  from  all  others  of  the  same  kind.* 
An    indefinite   legacy  is  a  liequest   of  things 
which  arc  not  enumerated  .yt  ascertained  as  to 
nuiiibers  or  quantities;  for  in»tance,  a  b«rauest 
by  a  testator  of  all  his  goods,  ail  his  slocks  iiv 
the  fi:ntte.«    A  lapsed  legacy  is  one  which,  in 
consequence  of  the  death  of  the  legatae  before 
the  testator,  or  before  the  p<>tiod  for  vesting, 
has  never  vested ;  one  which,  0.1  accimnt  of  \he 
death  of  the  legatee  befoie  the  period  amves 
for  the  payment  of  the  legacy,  lapses  or  devi- 
ates from  the  course  prescribed  by  the  testator 
and  falls  into  residuum.'    A  distinction  exists. 
between  a  lapsed  devise  and  a  lapsed  legacy ; 
a  legacy  which  lapses  does  not  fall  into  the 
residue  of  the  estate,  unless  so  provided  by  the 
will,  but  descends  to  the  heir-at-law ;  on  the 
contrary  personal  property  passes  by  the  residu- 
ar>  clause  where  it  i»  not  otherwise  disposed 
ol.'    A  legacy  for  life  is  one  in  which  thi 
legatee  is  to  enjoy  ond  use  the  legacy  during 
life.     A  pecuniary  legacy  is  one  of  money; 
these  are  usually  genenil  legacies,  but  ther« 
may  be  a  specific  pecuniary  legacy,  as,  of  the 
money  in  a  certain  bag.»    A  residuary  Wacv 
is  a  bequest  of  all  t*e  testator's  personal  eslai« 
not  otherwise  etfecti<al]y  disposed  of  by  his 
wi!!.«    A  specific  lega<-y  is  a  bequest  of  a  par- 
ticular thing,  or  a  bequert  of  a  specified   pai\ 
of  a  tastator's  personal  estate,   disting^iished 
from  all  others  of  tht  same  kind."    A  specific 
Am.  Ed.  S.  ».  4.    l-»  Wm..  Ex    947;    <T   R.  7,6    , 

Jid.i»i     jVM,CI»,4($r;  .9ld.«6;  Com   Dig  oj^i! 
cry  (l^j.     m^  Med.  3, ;  .  Ve,.  Ch.  449  i  3  H«r.  Ch. 
•■i_  Rci>«r  iU«.  jsd  Ed,   643.     S-ItT 


!M 


K.    3d 
vmbui 


Cawnim  Im.  %  ;  'Swinfiiine  Wd^  41^,' "AmS.'  cT 
^. ;  .  p. ^a».  Ch  «„.  ,.,  W»»*Ei.i:^-  *;?. 
Bouv  Ji»t.  •(54'>>36.  *-»  Roper  iLn.  15c,  n.  u- 
Lowml«U«:   10  Ike.  Aiw.  ii^kTU).    v-slh.. 


CONVEYANCES. 


l«gM]r  May  b«  of  animalt  or  inanimate  thing*, 
'  providad  they  are  ipccificd  and  ic;)arat«d  from 
til  other  thing*  (  a  *p«cific  l«|acy  mav,  there- 
bre,  be  at  monev  In  a  bag,  or  o(  money 
marked  and  ko  de*crlbed,  a*,  "I  give  two 
eagle*  to  A.  B.  on  which  are  engraved  (he 
initial*  of  my  name,"  A  ipecific  legacy  mk/ 
al*o  be  given  out  of  a  general  fund.*  If  (he 
ipccific  article  given  be  not  found  among  (he 
a**et«  of  the  testator,  the  legatee  lo*ef  hi* 
legacy ;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  if  there  be  a 
deficiency  of  ai*eti,  the  tpccific  legacy  will  not 
be  liable  (o  abate  with  the  generallegacie*.* 

Moat  perxon*  are  capiilile  of  becoming  lega- 
tee*, unle**  alien  enemie*,  or  prohibited  by 
*(atute.  Legacie*  to  tulmcribing  wi(ne*»e*  to  a 
will  are  frequently  declared  void  by  *tatute7 
BequeaU  to  further  or  carry  into  effect  any  ille- 
gal "purpoee  which  the  law  regard*  aa  tubver- 
vve  to  *ound  policy  or  good  moral*,  would  be 
held  void,  and  the  executor  juttified  in  not 
paying  them.*  But  he<|ne»t*  to  charitable  u*e* 
are  favored,*  and  deci*ion*  have  been  liberal  in 
upholding  beiiuest*  for  the  most  diverse  objects, 
and  expre**ed  in  the  mo*t  general  terms.* 

AialtmtMi  i*  a  reduction  of  a  legacy,  general 
or  *pecific,  on  account  of  the  inauflkicncy  of 
the  estate  of  the  testator  to  pay  hi*  debt*  and 
It^cie*.  When  the  e«Ute  of  a  testator  is  in- 
luflicient  to  pay  both  debt*  and  legacies,  it  i» 
the  rule  that  the  geiieial  legaoiea  must  abate 
^troportionittely  to  an  amount  aiiflicient  to  pay 
the  <lebt8.  If  the  general  legacies  are  exhauued 
before  the  debt*  are  paid,  then  th*  tpeciiic  leg- 
acies sl>ite,  and  [voportionately.* 

AdtmpHon  i*  the  extinctidn  or  withholding 
of  a  legacy  in  consequence  xi  ■ome  act  of  the 
testator,  which,  though  not  diractljr  a  revocation 
of  the  bequ«*t,  i*  con«id«ra«l  in  hw  as  equiva- 
lent thereto,  or  indicative  of  vck  tetcntion  to  re- 
voke. Repu>4icalion  of  a  wiU  ma/  prevent 
the  effect  of  what  would  odMrHrlM  cause  an 
ademption.' 

The  question  of  ademptioai  of  a  apecific  kg- 
,  a«ey  depend*  entirely  upon  the  intention  of  the 
taitator, «« inferred  from  hi*  acts  under  the  rules 
esublished  m  law.  Where  the  relation*  of  the 
parties  are  such  that  the  leiflMy  is,  te  lav.  con- 
sidered  as  a  paction,  au  a<«lvaii««Bant  dwing 


TjoeJiM.  4J3;  Amkl.  310; 

i.  Ch.  Jr.  5     «-i  Vera.  Ch 

Id.  |6s_!   3  Brown  Ch.  ito^   y 


.\ 


Rust.  Ol.  437:        

ReH£,i5i;.M  ftK.Oi.<»/ 
iSatt.  lii:  aVen.  Ch  MT 


SiMWiw.  M 


\\;      P.  Wm».  4M ;  3 
%m  B  Wn».  &i.  4  Km. 


■i' 
10  Sun.  Ck.  48;:    3 
Mk,  44».     »a  Bov. 
^.tertoftC.Ch.u: 

|ol:  •  How.  U.  8.  tej:  iyfkmf.t;  » jS 

«»(nio,t)3:  ioPMm.Si,  tj,,-  iiVl.iat:'fL 

I.  Conn.  I J3  J  Saw.  Ch.  m  i  a  laWi,  4»  i  afM41«: 

Glim.  3j6,  jrVi.Mi       ■     "        " 

6it-en  j  1  Hew,  V, ! 

Ch.  am.     «-*MMm< 

Abr.  L4tc.H.;  Keaw i^.  eas, saji  eiwuuquiei 


S)hv«fy>brlM».4i»,, 

rM 


V.  0.  Cosiai.  ^amfmm. 


>Ah. 


ur.  4  tnmm  Oi,  494,   l-e  Vea.  Sr.  |l  t  »  Vta.  loC,  J. 


(he  life  of  the  teatator  will  be  prasuaaad  an 
ademption,  at  least  to  the  extent  of  the  amount 
ailvanc«.d ;  but  not  where  the  advancement  ami 
poriiun  are  not  of  the  same  kind  ;*  or  where 
the  advancement  is  contingent  and  the  portion 
certain;'  or  where  the  advancement  i*  ex- 
pressed to  be  in  lieu  of,  or  compensation  for,  aii 
interest  ;•  or  where  the  l)eque*t  I*  of  uncertain 
amount  (*  or  where  the  legacy  i*  absolute,  tnd 
the  advancement  for  life  merely  $*  or  where  the 
tlcvise  is  of  real  estaleJ  Bui  where  the  testator 
was  not  a  parent  of  the  legatee,  nor  standing 
ill  htop^rtmUt,  the  legacy]*  not  to  be  held  a 
portion,  and  (he  rule  as  to  ademption  does  not 
apply,^  except  where  a  bequest  for  a  particular 
purpose,  and  money  i*  advanced  hy  the  testator 
lor  the  *amc  purpose.' 

The  ademption  of  a  ipecific  legacy  i*  e.Tected 
by  the  extinction  of  the  thing  or  fund  without 
remrd  to  the  tetUtor'*  intention;"  but  not 
where  the  extinction  of  the  specific  thing  i*  by 
act  of  law,  and  a  new  thing  take*  it*  place  ;• 
or  where  a  breach  of  trust  has  been  com- 
mitted, or  any  trick  or  device  practincd  witli 
a  view  to  defeat  the  *peci6c  legacy  ;•  or  where 
the  fund  remain*  the  *ame  in  tcbsiance,  with 
some  unimportant  alterations;*  or  where  the 
tcRtator  lends  the  fund  on  condition  of  Its  being 
replaced.* 

Cmttrtulim.  I.  The  technical  import  of 
words  is  n.st  to  prevail  over  the  obvious  intent 
of  the  testator.'  a.  Where  technical  words  arc 
used  bv  the  testator,  or  words  cf  art,  they  are  to 
have  their  technical  import,  unleas  it  is  appa- 
rent that  they  were  not  intended  to  be  used  in 
that  sense.*  3.  The  intent  of  the  testator  is  to 
bedetcrminedfrom  the  whole  will.*  4,  Every 
word  shall  luiv«  effect  if  it  can  be  done  whh 
out  dcfieating  the  general  purpose  of  the  will, 
which  is  to  be  earned  into  effect  in  everjr  rea- 
sianidile  mode.*  5.  Where  a  will  of  penonahy 
is  made  abroad,  the  law  of  the  testator's  domi- 
cil  {Ji*  J«muUH\vm.A  nrerail,  unleas  it  appear 
that  Um  testator  Ind  a  dUbrcnt  inttnt.' 

CummhUim  «r  t^iatttl.  Wher*  there  is  hi- 
temai  evidmce  of  tht  iatmtioa  of  the  testator, 
that  intention  is  to  be  carried  oU|*  ami  evi- 
dence will  be  received  in  slippoit  of  *he  appt- 


ftC.  ■iKh,M7.   lMiimui.4*li*«9M 
l-a  BrewaJ3i.  1%  f  V«s.  Oh.  vAi  1 


L"»v> 


1117.    i-a  Brewa  Ch.  iM7fV« 
Oi.  wj.     SB-3  BrMm Ch.  43ai 

laMi.asts  AaiU.  Ch.  If.    •miV   4J1 


■5:» 


*Ws|*  A^Vl 


i«  Jrf^mi 


. pb.«h;  IT.  1 ^ 

:«Ma«liC]|tr.   »4Vta.  MMtef. I 


5e.'r4r*nft« 


Janwi 


tJhMT  Coat.  L.  INfl  «b  4I»2!*.  #^'  • 
*Ms,  eiS !  r  Id.  «t9 :  ]  Han,  Itai  ■  Drur 


wi  iisav.  Keis,  eis !  r 
ftWarr.Ch.rai  3  Vw 

48* :  am*.  Kb.  14I:  4Hara 


~„.hj*>*rwwioii»yFrM)riw>fc  ■»«*»*.-  ■ 


CONVEYAWCta, 


or  will  b*  prwvmMl  an 
th«  KUnt  oith*  unouiii 
icr«  the  advancement  anil 
«  name  kind  ;*  or  where 
nliniient  and  the  portion 
he  advancement  i«  en- 
r,  or  compentation  lor,  ai. 
e  l)c<|ue«l  if  of  uncertain 
e  loKacy  it  abaolute,  inil 
ife  merely  s'  or  where  th« 
t  But  where  the  tettator 
he  legatee,  nor  itandin|{ 
igacy  Ti  not  to  be  held  a 
Li  to  ademption  do««  not 
t  bequctt  for  ■  particular 
advanced  bjr  the  laatatoi 

specific  legacy  it  e.Tec(«d 
«  thing  or  fund  without 
r**  intention  i"  but  not 
f  the  specific  thing  is  by 
w  thing  takes  its  place  ;■ 
>f  truit  has  been  com- 
¥t  device  practised  witli 
tecific  legacy  ;*  or  where 
same  in  sfMiance,  with 
nrations;'  or  where  the 
on  condition  of  lit  being 

flte  technical  import  of 
over  the  obvious  intent 
lierc  technical  words  are 
word*  of  art,  tbcjr  are  to 
sport,  tinleaa  it  is  appa- 
t  intended  to  b«  usM  in 
iteut  of  the  testator  is  to 
t  whole  will.*  4,  Every 
if  it  can  be  done  with 
ital  purpose  i4  the  will, 
into  enact  in  aveiy  rea- 
here  a  will  of  penonalty 
w  of  the  testator's  dcmi- 
nrevail,  unless  it  appear 
difercnt  inttat.' 
4m/.  What*  tber*  is  in- 
ittantioa  el  the  testator, 
oaniad  ont|«  andevi- 
ia  support  of  'be  app«- 

>rMmCli.43*i  eCMtOi. 
1  So*.  I 

I.  ant.   SM  Owwa  Ch.  tin. 

i77«jr.»<i  «Ad.»c 
iti  ti  ews.aw,imj>i.i' 


.  I  «i  pek.i_„„. 

lu L,>  Ko«> Xis t^ tfsitit 

lOeate,  Aa. 


■mot'eif. 


rent  intention,  but  not  against  It."     Where 
there  Is  no  such  internal  evt.lence  the  followinir 
(KMitions  of  law  apixar  ««lat>li.hed  :    1.    If  the 
wme  specific  thing  i.  l.equeathed  twice  to  the 
wme  legatee,  in  the  >Bn>e  will,  or  in  the  will 
«...  again  in  the  codicil,  in  that  case  he  tan 
claim  I  he  benefit  of  only  one  legacy./    i   Where 
two  legacies  of  a  quantitv  of  equal  amount  are 
HuejMhed  to  the  same  legatee  In  one  and  the 
•am*  Instrument,  there  also  the  second  l)e.juest 
II  «'"••'«'■•*'  •  "|"«  repetition,  and  he  shall 
be  ea^itled  to  one  legacy  only."    3.  Where  two 
legades  of  unequaf  amount  of  quantity  are 
given  to  the  same  person  in  (he  same  inslru- 
raent,  tha  one  is  not  merged  in  the  other,  but 
he  latter  shall  be  regardea  as  cumulative,  and 
he  Isfatea  entitled  to  both.*    4.  Where  two 
legackn  ara  given  to  the  same  legatee  l)y  dif- 
ferent  instrunents,  in  that  case  the  latter  shall 
oe  cumulative,  whether  its  amount  be  equal*  or 
unequal  to  the  former."  ^ 

l.„'^'''rf '^u  ^  ^'^  ''-f*"^-  "  °"«  '"ve  a 
legacy  to  hw  debtor,  it  is  not  to  be  regarded  as 
a  release  ot  the  debt,  unless  that  appears  to 
have  been  the  intention  of  the  testator.*  Where 
one  Mpointi  his  debtor  his  executor,  it  is  at  law 
regarded  as  a  release  of  the  deU;"  but  this 
is  In.  gwara)  regulated  by  statute.  But  in 
equ  ty  it  is  considered  that  the  executor  U  still 
babU  lot  tha  aasount  of  his  own  deU.'  Where 
on«  apMfata  Us  creditor  executor,  and  he  has 
••sela,  it  oiMcates  to  discharge  tha  debt,  bat 
not  otharwistt.a  *  "•"*•  "" 

-~-  Sati^etitm  0/  fy  bgty.    In  equity. 
:  •i??^?.'^^  ?««?  *•  ^  ""pre* 


Ji7 


tuoicd  to  Wa  been  intended  to  go  in  aatisiac- 

•s  d««Md  ■•tisfisdlon  for  that  aaount.'  CourU 
•llow  iMy  di«ht  dtciimstances  to  nbut  th™ 
pwMM^on  a  pamneuti  as  where  tha  debt 

.T!!*Iini**l?**^  "J"i'  ••**'  '»>«  making  of 
.^  !^  .*?^  *•  t*^  ^  unUquidated  and 
tbeamonntdnonot  known ;»  whm  tha  debt 

"ZiULST^  "  1?«  ",*«^'«  •'  *»»«" 

d^-MJVr**. '*'""•  •'♦•'  HwdeU  falls 
iti!Jl5l*.ilJ'«??'»PP  fwmihewUl 
to  U«»baaB>«tt«ith  a  dUTercnt  inUnUoa;- 

itnoy  IS  amsaad  to  ha  lor  sooe  other  Katon.* 
^««<f  •    One  to  whom   a   legacy  is  be- 


J^Ji"^  <*•  S»«L4.HaMi  Ch.  «t«i   t  Dnir.  ft 
•  3>s:.f  HartClt.  43*. 


7^e.^ 

*  t  Brawn 
V. 


dfe?^ 


CAiUn        The  description  of  children 

as  rgatees  may  have  r«fe.«.,t«  to  the  lime  of 
iMlaior  s  death,  or  that  of  making  the  will ;  the 
former  is  ih,  pr„u,„,d  in.entio"n.  unless  from 
ine  connection  or  circumstances  the  latter  is  tha 
n|.I|«re„t  l„,cm  i„  which  case  it  must  prevail.' 
Ihsterm  will  include  a  child  unborn,"  but  t 
w.ll  sometimes  have  a  more  restricted  applica 
ion,  and  thus  be  confined  to  chUdren  b.!rn  b^. 
f..re  the  de.ih  of  the  testator  j  it  will  make  no 
i.ffercnce  whether  the  bequest  be  to  childre.i 

InT;.  ^fciu      '"    .""^  ^  construed  children.' 
and     children,"  when  used  to  designate  one '« 
heirs,  may  include  grandchildren  (•  but  If  li.e 
word  "  ch  Idrcn  "  is  used,  and  thew  are  person. 
l°'i,"''TJ''"'f"  ^''"'''ehildren  cannot  fiecom- 
prchcded  under  it."    The  general  rule  U,  that 
a  < Icv.se  o  a  man  and  his  children,  he  having 
chihlren  living  at  the  time  when  the  will  takes 
effect,  creates  a  ioint  estate  in  the  father  and 
chii.lren ;  but  if  ie  ha.  no  children  he  take,  an 
es  a  e  ,.il;.  .nd  a  similar  legacy  of  per^„a" 
estate  gves  the  father  a  life-^iute  if  Ve  have 
no  children  at  the  time  the  will  takes  effect" 
wUhUe'fX:..'''"'""  "^'"^  ^-XUke  Jointl'y 
The  term  "children  "  will  not  include  illegili. 
mate  children,  if  there  are  Ugitimate  children 
to  answer  the  term ;"  otherwiw  it  may  or  may 
not,  accordinj{  to  circumstances." 

— — ■  Cmnm.  The  term  "  cousin*  "  will  be 
restrictad  to  iu  primary  signification  when  it  is 
before  used  in  the  same  will  in  that  sense  * 
Upon  a  bequest  "  to  my  cousin  T.  S.,"  if  I  have 
two  consiiu  of  that  name,"  evidence  may  be  ad- 
duced to  show  which  of  the  two  was  totettded.' 
- — ■"*>n.  A  legacy  to  one  and  his  heirs, 
although  generally  conveying  an  abaclnte  fee  in 
real  estate,  and  the  entire  property  in  personalty, 
may  by  the  n,.inncr  of  its  exprmiorand  con- 
nection be  held  to  be  a  deaigifktion  of  such  ~r- 
aans  as  are  the  legal  heirs  of  the  person  naned 
and  thus  they  tali;  «,  purchaser.  VwunlT 

— -  M/trtjt  M  proftrty  ttfmMAtd  or  dt- 
Hfo^nJ^?''^*'"'"  »pccificaJly  to  one  to. 
iile,  and  ranainder  over,  must  b«  tnioyed  spe- 
dficalhr  daring  the  life  of  tha  fint  d2w.  Vl. 
hough  that  may  exhaiut  it;'  but  where  the 
beques^  is  no^  specific,  u  wher«  pe^onal  prop, 
•rtv  i.  limited  to  on«  for  life,  r«SInd«  V^ 
It  is  presumed  that  the  testator  intended  the 
»M»t  pioperty  to  go  over,  and  if  any  poiUon 

«:*■«.  Ch.  M, ;  ,  Co»  CSi,  ~r!i-  ~- 
t  WnM^  t«.  4  Km.  Ed.  934. 

»8.a.i«,;_,Co«Ch:iJ 
Ik  K.  40 !  14 


r^ir.  M.  399,    ,sim: 


J»5. 


.'lAi- 


m^.^^^'k^'^^^ 


CoxCh.  4w:  I  Meigs,  14^.    n^Mylne 

~  "   IIW.    4tl;    tM  4 


<«on.  <«.  ,11;   ,  Barb. 
Turn.  A  It.  Ch.  sioj  %,'■ 


190. 
I5»: 


334.    -- 
■ate  (a). 
Vcs.  ft  B. . 
Roper  Ug. 
4  Bow.M.     •.! 
S99:«MTftK. 


W-l 


«...  a-.  ch.ii8rv,'$i;r£h:^"  »VvoSi  ch 


^ai»*iP  ¥i  •*^~  ^^l 


Jae.«W 


ooimefAmm, 


of  it  ha  p»r1«h«Kle,  m  Inng  aimuii.e*,  iv  «lMUt     •   < 
•oid  uitl  cunrvi'ii'tl  InUi  ptnonmi  f^ufmitf,  tat 
lK«  twneAi  (A  ■tl  «one«me«l '    In  \m%fm»\  «»»i|t- 
trty  there  cannot  Iw  •  r»m»Jnd«r    n  th,    iri.» 
MM*  »'  111*  w<w«J,  stid  Ihn    fof«  .  .CI 
bMVMt  tif  penonil  pfoparty,  wht«h«r  ii 
CM«d  or  not  ^  any  particular  b«4}H««t,  < 
ll««l  on  a  certain  or  unctrtatn  avtnt,  !•  ' 
•cutorjr  hfqu«<i(,  and  M^^  unaor  th«  niles  tty 
which  ihal  moda  of  limlUtum  U  regtilateiM  An 
•laculury  )Mr<|U««t  cunrnit   \m  |»r»tnt«^il    r  de 
•Iroyad  twany  allvration  whatioavar  in  lli>     ^lalr 
out  of  which  <>r  a/tar  whi<-h  It  ia  llmitad  r    and 
thia  prtviltga  of  rxacutory  baqu«*li,  which  t«- 
•mpti  them  (torn  beln|^  li«rr<»l  or  flc«lniyed,  Is 
(ha  foundaiiun  of  an  invanaMe  rula,  lh.it  the 
avant  on  which  an  intaraat  of  Ihl*  «>rt  I*  \>tt- 
mitttd  to  lake  affiect  ia  tuch  aa  mu*t  happen 
within  a  lif«  '■'  Uvea  in  being,  and  twenty  one 
yaan  and  a  h  4Clioa  of  another  year,  allowing 
th«  period  of  getialion  afterward*,*     I^gacin* 
mav  b«  made  conditional  \  in  such  caae  ihft  con 
dltHMi  may  be  eit'  i-r  precedent  or  nuiweiiu^-nl  j 
in  the  former  casi  no  iciterp«t  veati  in  the  legatee 
until  the  performance  of  the  condition,  and  in 
the  latter  it  It  liable  to  be  defeated  by  the  fail 
ure  or  n  jn-parformancr  of  the  coidJition  I 

No  particdtar  form  of  words  ia  requiaita  to 
conittituta  ona  a  reaiduaty  legatee.  It  mutt  ap- 
pear to  l»B  the  intention  of  the  testator  that  he 
thall  take  the  reaidoa  of  the  etta'*,  after  pay- 
ment of  debta  and  meet  ng  alt  the  appoint- 
ments of  the  will.*  The  as  nt  of  the  executor 
to  a  (pacific  legacyi*  requi->ite  to  ve«t  the  title 
In  this  l^ptaeT  This  will  often  be  presumed 
where  the  legatee  was  in  f»  suasion  of  the  thing 
■t  the  decMSC  of  the  tettaior  and  the  executor 
KquieacM  in  hi*  right.* 

Nmmtt,  Mistakes  in  the  name  or  de- 
scription of  legatees  may  b«  corrected  when- 
ever It  can  ba  dearly  shown  by  the  will  itself 
wtiat  was  intended.*  The  onit  tuiance  in 
which  p«rol  evidence  is  admissible  to  'show  the 
intention  of  th*  testator  as  to  a  legatee  imper- 
.faetljr  dMcribad  iia  that  of  a  strict  aqnivocation  { 
that  is,  who*  it  appAK  fmm  extnuieoui  «vi- 
dcnon  that  twoor  man  patsont  answer  the  de- 
scriptioB  in  the  will.*    See  Coin.'tn,  above. 

Ntpktwi  m$d  mUt*$  art  terau  which,  in 

th«  deacriptkMi  of  a  legatee,  will  receive  their 
strict  import,  tuiloia  there  is  something  in  the 
will  to  intUeato  a  eontrairy  iirtention.' 

Ityk.    K  bcavot  to  "my  beloved 

wife,"  not  BMBtiotiing  ber  by  name,  applies  ex- 
clusively to  the  wifo  at  the  date  of  the  will,  and 
is  not  to  bo  tateaded  to  an  after-taken  wife.« 

.yes:  7  Ves.in:  iM.ftC  agl. 
as.  401,  a.  JM  Co.  96,  •.  .■  10 
.  Item.  4)1.   Jt*  wM*.  e«  iiyi 


Wgft  MveHhelaM, 

wmur 


'iption  «»f  th4 
uted  to  i>« 
j«tfi  «•  the 


( I- 

al 

caiin 

to  *on. 

ti-; 

th. 

VUai.iiaii 


On    not  fcw»ft 'ly 
ike  *  leraryU^  the 
wife  -jf  the  'we  i«  whom  -f"" 
matii.  >,>bui  ttot  it  the  rapiMe< 
Or  the  JMiam** 
^mml,     A  ^Npii^  ijivefi  MMiaUy,  if  nn 
!«M«  M  pfMt  he  named,  la  det  «t  the  death 
of  dM  tMMot,  altbmigh  nU  nayable  until  ih« 
caecutor    !«•  |im«  M  Mttlt  rne  entat'*  in  (lu« 
crmrse   <i  law.*    LlgBfitf'i  arc  ,>-A  l>y     >au<<  a 
law  <lu«  undl  QM  ytar  atter  the  decaasi      *  the 
estator,  In  order  \,\>  alluw  ih        -outor  -...m*  to 
Atl(fai»  of  tbc  estate  and  pay  del         aiifi  same- 
rim*^  by  spe        ortler  of  the  pfobai*  eosHt,  Ihie 
ri  time  to  tint'    accordlat  to 
Wh«(*  Ugittee*  are       <*r<Ua- 
infancy  or  covertttn,  lb  ''or 

harge  himself  by  payni'  |«t 

trty  navliig  a  legal  rig!  ive 

'tt  the  part  of  the  legatr  a  \i  in 
I  an  infant  i<i  the  legslly  ap|>'.inted 
and  in  the  case  of  a  marriea  woman 
Tt  her  husband)  but  In  the  latter  case  the  ex- 
ecutor may  decline  to  pay  the  legacy  until  thn 
husband  mn'^e  a  svitabie  provision  out  of  it  fo( 
his  wife  according  to  the  order  of  tbe  propei 
court.'  The  proper  course  in  such  ca  m  is  foi 
the  executor  to  deposit  the  money  on  interest, 
sut>lc«  t  to  the  frtler  of  the  court.* 

jyanslatieH  is  the  bestowing  of  a  Iq^y 
which  has  bean  given  to  one,  on  another ;  thio 
is  a  species  of  ademption ;  but  It  dUliM«  fi«m  it 
In  this, that  there  maybe  an  ademption  without 
a  translation,  but  there  can  be  no  tianalation 
without  an  ademption.* 
Mind  and  Mbmory.  Hee  TnTATOlt, below. 
Mot  KTY  is  tbe  half  (^  anything  1  aa  if  a  testator 
bequeath  one  moiety  of  his  estate  to  A.,  and  the 
other  to  B.,  each  shall  lake  an  *<|u»l  part.' 

MoYABLU.  In  a  will  "  movatries^*  it  uwd 
in  its  largest  sense,  hut  will  not  Mat  a  growing 
crop,  nor  building  mntcrials  &o  tna  ground.* 

Mystic  testam  rnt  is  a  will  under  seal.*  It 
it  a  form  of  making  a  wiU  which  consists 
principally  in  encloiing  it  in  wi  envelop*  and 
sealing  in  the  presence  of  witnatse^. 

NuNcvPATf-K.  See  introdoction  to  th!s 
snbiect,  above. 

Olooraph  is  a  will  that  It  tntiicly  written, 
tlated,  and  signed  by  the  hand  of  to*  taatalor 
himteir.* 

Pencil  it  any  imtmnMBt  mad*  of  hkek 
lead,  red  chalk,  or  other  suitable  nbataac*,  fbi 
writing.  Any  inttminent  for  writti^  without 
ink.  A  will  written  with  a  pondl  aaanot  on 
this  account  be  annulled.* 


at4i  I  Jae.  Ch.  107:  4  MytneAC  Ch.  4et  ■  Bsev. 

«T».  Wms.  ws  :  I  W.  <  M.  CMsa>^  »a.e  Q.. 

Ch-laBtj  >i«waCh.9«:  s Myta* It  C  Qi.  I4S>  8s* 
I  Ksaa  Mag.  Us.  «»$•    •*•  Dawtt  Save,   mn 

I  Drswe,  yi.  W-s  Wtaw.  b.  4.  Ai 
Bae^fc*.  X«wr*((C>.  jr-Uit.  1 
»•  Wms.  la.  IMS :  j  tik.  Maish.  its ;  t  TeMsa.  mm  . 


■w 


^^IP" 


mm' 


M  mm  •rr«tih*i>M, 


Ml  9h»      '•'•wilii  to  (« 

NpiMe<         ..OtMllliM 

» 

jsiMR  |j»>«««mUy,  If  Bi> 
RcJ,  U  da*  d  IM  dMIh 
h  mA  M]r«M«  Mill  ih» 
N«dl  m»  •■tttr  in  •!  * 
iC»  Ml  iMt  ^r  >mn  I 
•fief  «•»«  d«MU*  lh« 
>W  th  "c«»or     ai«  t« 

ll  pay  del>.  a>i>]  mmm 
4  Um  probat*  t»wrt,  tiiw 
B  to  (im  acconlim  to 
f  UfUevs  art  Hr  (Ik- 
covert  ij?'*,  lb  ''«• 
«lf  by  p«yn< 
I  legal  ri||;' 

>f  the  legati  ,v  >  in 
U  the  legally  •»!»., filled 
•«  of  a  marriM  womiui 
the  latter  cat*  the  ex- 
pay  the  legary  aniil  thn 
e  provision  out  of  it  foi 
ibe  order  of  ibe  propci 
urM  in  such  ca  *•  \%  foi 
t  the  money  on  intanni, 
the  court.* 

bestowing  of  •  tccacy 
a  one,  on  anolIlM' ;  this 
« i  but  it  diflim  fitm  it 
e  an  ademption  wilhoat 
»  can  be  no  iransUtlon 

Ree  TnTATOH,  below. 
anything  I  aaif  atcatator 
his  estato  to  A.,  and  the 
take  an  tqual  part.' 
ill  "  movabtet^'  k  lued 
will  not  MUM  a  growing 
naU  CM  tn«  ground.* 
la  a  will  under  teal.*    It 

a  will  wbich  conaiats 
I  it  in  an  envdope  UkI 
of  wilnciacs. 
B   itttrodttctioa  to  tkli 

tliat  )•  mlirtb  writtw, 
:1m  hand  of  tM  taitalur 


rament  oiad*  ef  bbwk 
r  raitabla  mbalaaca,  foi 
ent  for  wridiig  withom 
rith  •  DMcil  eaawt  on 
It 

iM.Oi^ailVaMB. 

I iTc  o.  tss.  a«« 


iityi  41; 


I.  A.  AM.  ■«.  isc^itia  s- 

•uu. iff :  $c.%n*,m 

UuA.  Its :  I  VeaMai  im 


M^I- 


CONVtVANCCa. 


PiKATf)»r  W^B*    •»  Woioi,  I- low. 

."I"*!"  <"*  P"         '^  •  *">  •»  always  I 
maile  n  the  iit^i    qoiMi,  »,    ha  cotMt  hn»li.a 
s.clmive  jMrUaiMion  ka  alt  ft»,Bi,,i 

lo  iba  selltnMnlAf  ati    '<<  * 

•  wUl  has  no  tf|b<     011 
iht  court  litfort  wli,«h 


fig 

ibale  uf 

lion  of 

J  lie,  either 

imlgfl  Jiiria- 


as  to  pcrsuna  or  iwoi 
.li..«i«M».«  • 

Any  person  Inttresl*.  <,  wi||  may  compel 

proUle   of  It    by    i|,),f  „  jg  ,},,   p,„uie 

•iMil,  who  will  suminui    .„#  esMWor  or  oarty 
hiving  ih«  euaimly  of  it.«    TlW  Judge  o^«i. 
Ute  may  cile  the  eseculor  to  prove  ihe  will  ai 
[he  liisiance  of  any  one  claiming  an  Initrvsi  ♦ 
1  he  otiniing  witnesses  are  indUi»nsal.le,  If  the 
roiittstanu  •<>  |i„|m   .,  p,,^  ^  ^le  excculion 
and  aiiihrnticity  of  iha  will  and  the    ximpe 
(ency  of  the  ie,t»t.»r,  when  they  can  be  bad.i 
.  Hut  If  all  or  part  of  the  subacriblng  witnesses 
"•,''*••»'  /'"«  "»•  State,  deceaaed.  or  dis 
qualified,    then    Ihelr    handwriltng    must    b« 
proved.*     It  will  be  prteumed  thai  the  requi 
site  formalitiea  were  rompllcd  with  when  Iha 
sltestation  U  formal,  unlcsa  the  contrary  ap 

WIDt  over  thirty  y#«ni  old,  and  apiiearing 
regulsr  and  perfect,  and  coming  fr,.m  p.om" 
tu<t..,|y,  are  said  lo  prove  lh«m»«!ves.J  W  ,  !« 
i-»t,  destroyed,  or  mislaid  at  the  time  i.f  the 
iMtalor's  death  may  be  admitted  to  proHale 
u|  on  proper  proof  of  llie  loea  and  of  tbe  exe- 
cution.* 

RiicoiiiiwoATtHY  WoiiD^     See  Wo«m. 

RiWJincATION  ia  an  act  bv  a  teatator  from 
vliich  it  can  be  concluded  lut  he  intei«''  « 
that  an  insifttwr  ^,\Ac\k  had  been  ravoked  by 
him  toould  .ae  aa  hit  will  |  or  It  U  the 

re-eaecutlo  »  will  by  the  teatator  with  a 
*'«*^ff  ty  i  It  full  force  and  effect.  The 
repufclicatlon  te  "ekpreta"  where  there  has 
been  an  actual  re-execution  of  H.»  II  is  ••  im- 
plied" when,  for  example,  the  teatator,  by  a 
codicil  executed   according  to  the  ttatule  of 

7Jf*!!'  "^'V'"'  «*^  >>•  »»«»  »•<!•  hii  will, 
added,  "  1  hereby  ratify  and  coofiim  ny  uid 
will,  excepting  in  ih«  alttnlkwt  afler  men 
tioneds"-  the  will  •Ightbeetadlitance.ornot 
m  the  power  of  the  lettttor.  and  it  may  be  Ihnt 
repuWfahed.'  The  remibliMlion  of  a  wiU  ha* 
the  effect:  i.  To  give  it  the  Aill  force  oft  will 
made  at  the  time  of  th*  rw«bUcatlont  if,  for 
exampto.  a  tmtetor  by  hh^  de«iae  " aU  hi. 
landa  in  A,"  then  mokee  kit  wlB,  and  after- 
ward*  bay*  other  land*  ia  A,  the  repablic^lion 
made  after  the  puichaac  will  pw«  all  the  testa- 


•4  Co.  A  A  a;  ftoaM.  !«.  b,  «,  m.  ■.  c.  i.le> « 


e. 

»S*i 

— ^r*  *!*  ***  <  I  JaieMNi  WW*,  eat.  a^ 

B^  »  "SS'tf?*  •"!•»>»  i««J  elicit. is>:  i 
i;anMnwab.ai«,aa«a*WBi  bet  smi  ly  Johas.  |M. 


Uff's  |«M»  In  A.«    ■.  To  let  up  a  wfll  whiek 
has  been  ri>v«kt<l.> 

HuiiHJH  is  lh«l  which  remains  of  sosnelhing 
•ft»r  taking  away  a  fieri  of  ,; ,  as.  d  1  res«lui 
of  sn  estate,  a  part  which  has  ntrt  been  imr- 
llciilarly  devised  (7  will.  A  will  bequeathing 
ine  general  residue  of  personal  |>ro|)erty  pesse* 
lo  the  residuary  Irgstce  everything  not  .iiher 
*i»e  efTeciMdily  dUptwd  ofj  and  k  makes  no 
lifference  whether  «  leg.icy  falls  Into  Ihe  «Ma|« 
either  by  la|>sr  )r  as  void  el  law,  the  neat  of 
kin  Is  equally  estluded.t 

The  residuary  clause  i*  that  clause  in  a  will 
br  which  Ihe  ,Hrt  ,.f  the  property  is  dii|««ed 
"I  which  remains  after  satlsfymg  previous  U- 
quesc.  and  devises.'  The  residuary  estate  I* 
what  remNJAs  of  |M  testator's  estate  after  de- 
ducting the  delKi  and  the  bwjwesu  and  devis««. 
See  DcvisK*  and  \.m\  •  kk,  above 

number  often  includes  the  plural.     A  bemiesi 
'"  "f^^  "!'"""  "'•"«>»."  for  example,  will  Iw 
considered  aa  a  Uquest  to  all  Ihe  relations  in 
(he  sair  »  degree  who  are  nearest  lo  the  testator  • 
A  bequ,.!  made  lo  "  my  heir  "  by  a  person  wh< 
had  throe  heirs,  will  be  construe*!  in  the  plural 
TtR«o».     See  In  Ter«o«oii,  alM.ve. 
Tmtamknt      a  lestament  is  a  solemn,  an. 
•  iientir  ^lutrument  of  writing,  by  which  a  per. 
•on  decSarts  his  will  a*  to  the  dis|>«sa|  ofhk 
estjue  and  effect*  after  hit  death.    A  testament. 
to  be  valid,  must  he  made  when  Ihe  testator  i. 
of  sound   mind;   and   it   must  be  sub,cril)ed. 
vllnessed,  and  publUhed  in  such  manner  m\ 
Ihe  law  prescribes."     TesUmeni*  are  nuncupa- 
tlve  or  written.     .See  the  beginning  of  tV^i 
article,  and  Lait  Wili^  above. 

TMTATt  it  the  having  made  a  vattd  will. 
The  condition  of  <me  who  leaves  a  valid  will  at 
hi*  death. 

Tmtato*  U  a  person  who  make*  and  leave* 
a  teUament  or  will  at  death.  In  general  all 
persons  may  be  legators  1  but  to  this  rule  there 
are  various  exceptions;  i.  Persons  who  are  de- 
prived of  understanding  cannot  make  wills: 
•dlou,  lunatia,  and  Infanu  are  among  this 

l.U*-  ^T""  *'"'  •»•*•  understanding, 
but  being  under  (.le  power  of  others  csnnoi 
freely  exercise  theii  wu^  and  this  tbe  law  pre- 
lumes  (in  the  absence  of  a  statute  to  the  con- 
trary) to  be  the  case  with  a  married  woman, 
and  therefore  she  cannot  make  a  will  wiihoet 
the  express  consent  of  her  husband  to  the  par- 
ticular wiU.  When  a  woman  makes  a  WlU 
under  some  general  agreement  on  the  part  of 
her  husband  that  she  shall  make  a  wfih  the 
instrument  b  not  properly  a  will,  bat  a  writing 

''"'V'i'VhVi^,: 


4»]:«a*  I  P.  Wits.  »7». 

Cenmi.l4ii  tWsss.  Ej 
MT!  «  Brown  Ch.  S93. 
l><MMtt.  Booki,Ut.7,f 


-.-,.    ,  .s  V«.  Ch.  4,-«:  rMe^ctiTRiS 

Cen».  M,  J  ,>„.  Em.  ,„.,».  ;.    ►fVsa.'^.Tk! 

Russ.  Cr.  Cat.  jtf.    «. 


^.-ei*-.j»iW,i«;^  ^,^ 


^p 


QONVtYAt«Cn. 


I 


In  th«  wKiir*  /  •  «iil  or  iMtammi,  ].  Pur 
•oiH  who  arc  l^iitiveil  of  ih^i'  Am  wiil  c*nmj* 
M«lu  •  ImMmrciK  I  M.  •  |Mtrk.  .11  In  <lyrttM.« 

Ag»,  \  t»%tMttr  mii*l  <>•  iJ  tuW  •(•.  H«a 
DRMkNTiA  Srnilb,  anil  Uwol  varlMU  Suim, 
M  givn  b«liiw, 

tUm^mti  U  to  f«f  an  incapacity  Ifcal  it  re 
quir>^  aafyraM  an<t  Mii>f4clury  proof  that  tha 
t«>iiii»r  umUrtliMMl  lb*  conlanu  of  th«  will.  In 
atbiition  lo  what  la  ratfuirnl  in  oih«'    ataa.' 

/)*t4/  mtnl  dmm^  |MT»c>na  will  lalxir  umlar  a 
similar  lnco«i¥tiii<«nca,  aiui  •tfiacialljr  In  com- 
■nuoicailns  with  ih«  wlin««ie*,  unliaa  Ihay 
hava  ba«n  ltioaw«l  <ui  a*  to  b«  abla  to  wrilc.i 
Hut  iha  witn««ii4t  muU  ite  pr«««nl  with  iba  lc»- 
latix,  ba  within  ilia  (Mjaallila  cci|^iuuMa  of  hia 
rtni>tining  *tnk«K> 

Ihhrimm  fron.  dlaaww  or  ailinulna,  whtU  th« 
paruky«m  cnniiniMi  lu  luih  an  citant  aa  iu  da 
priva  a  pcntvn  of  iha  right  aaarcUa  of  raaaon,  li 
•  *>iffii'ii-nt  im()«<iim«nt  lo  iha  exacuiKin  of  a 
will '  But  Ibera  it  not  tha  aaina  presumption 
01  Ihc  luiitinuaii  «  of  this  iprcia*  of  mental 
iwrvanion,  whaiti«r  It  tirocaad  from  iba  Intoni 
cation  of  atlmulti*  or  tna  daUrium  of  favar,  aa 
in  ord<Hitr)r  inianliy 

DtminiM  ttnilt.  Tbia  ia  a  defect  of  ca|Mi- 
ity  rra<|uently  in  t^uaalion  In  courta  of  Jutllce  In 
'nling  tha  validity  of  will*.  If  tha  taaUior 
haj  lulKciaitf  mrmory  ramaining  to  h«  abla  to 
collect  tba  alemanta  of  tb«  Inumactioa,  vif.i 
iha  amount  and  Itinda  of  property  ha  bad, 
and  ih«  numliar  of  hia  children,  or  otbar  per' 
•on*  enliile<l  to  bla  bounty,  ai  I  lo  h^d  Ibem 
in  mind  auflficlently  to  Ibrm  an  anderatanding 
judgment  in  regard  to  Ibeaa.  he  may  execiilt  a 
valid  will.*    Aga  iiaal/  ia  no  aura  teat  of  inca- 

Eaciiy.i    But  when  ona  bccomaj  a  cbiid  again, 
a  i*  auhicct  to  the  aama  incapadlita  as  in  bit 
first  childhood." 

Idialt  are  whollv  incapahia  of  axMating  a 
will,  whether  the  defect  of  undcrttawUng  it 
congenital  or  accidental. 

LtmtuUi  are  incapabi*  of  exemtiag  «  laat 
wr)l  and  teaument,  except  during  aiich  kidd  In- 
terval M  allows  the  'enereiac  of  memwry  and 
judgment.  It  mistt  be  an  abaoluir,  but  not 
neccMarily  a  perfect,  restoration  of  reaM>n 
and  reflection,  and  not  a  mera  temporarr  ramis- 
iion.»  ' 

A^ind  and  mrmoiy,  A  testator  nsust  have  a 
«ound  and  ditposing  mind  and  nsenuMv.  In 
other  words  he  "ought  lo  be  capstble  of  mak- 
ing bis  will  with  an  understandiav  of  the  Mt«i« 
of  the  bttsinesa  in  which  he  ia  engf^ed,  m  re- 
coiiectian  of  the  property  he  mmum  lo  diapoae 

497:  •  Rottv.  hHi.  a.  itaa,  H  My, 

iWldt, 


1».a  if^tM  J  Ruth.  MM.  tft  J   li  nt.  Ch.  It  i 

|ii   Mk.  Ok  (Svaaa'  U.)  df^ 


Red.  >ii ;   • 
itrewH  Ch.  441 


of,  uf  the  (lertont  who  are  the  ol^ect  el  bit 
iMMiniy,  and  ih«  manner  In  which  It  la  to  b« 
iliMiibaied  lwtw««ii  ihem."* 

Af»m»mttmim  or  fmrliml  imumUy.  TTila  it  a 
maiU4l  i>r  moral  (wrvartton,  or  lairh,  in  rainnl 
to  a  ikuiH'iiUr  lub^ecl  or  clait  of  tub|«ctt,  wImK 
In  ragtrd  tti  (i«h«ri  the  parxm  teeoi*  lu  have  nu 
tuih  morbid  afTeclion.*  It  contitlt  In  the  Iw 
lief  of  f«cu  in  regard  lo  tha  particular  •ttti^eii 
of  the  affactlofl,  which  no  tane  parwrn  woulil 
cjc  could  br|i«ve,«  When  it  apfwart  that  the 
will  It  thr  diiea  ollbmlng  of  thit  moibid  alTei- 
lion  it  sKohIiI  lie  held  invaliti,  nutwitbttandlni^' 
iba  aanera]  viundnmt  of  tlw;  lestato..' 

IWtwiUit.  While  (be  |wnon  is  conAneil 
within  thoto  llmtu  which  leave  the  mind  Aree, 
l«niuirlon  may  be  used  to  induce  ancMher  V 
make  bit  wiil,  or  even  to  maiia  It  in  ona't  own 
l^vor.  But  if  tuch  pertuatiun  thould  so  far 
,<»persie  on  the  mind  of  the  imUIoc  that  be 
would  be  deprived  of  a  patfactly  tmt  wilt,  it 
wuUld  vitiate  the  instrument.* 

THtKAni.     See  In  1  Kaannin*,  afauva. 

Tkai^-^i  ation  it  the  Ijestowing  of  a  legacy 
which  \i**  been  given  to  one,  on  aootlMri  it  it 
a  specie*  of  ademptitm,  but  It  di(tar>i  from  it  in 
thit,  that  Ihers  mav  be  an  ademptiork  witlMMil  s 
translation,  but  Ihere  can  be  no  traitalation 
without  an  ademption.*  Sao  AotlutrnDSi, 
above. 

Unckktainty.  See  Contbactc,  Cm- 
TAINTV,  ante. 

Unintblliuiile.  When  a  contract.  •  law, 
or  a  wUl  ia  uninlriliglble,  it  kie  no  fense  or 
effect  whatever.  See  CofmiACn,  title  Con- 
1T«UCTKMI. 

WAUUNa    See  In  TuiRORtm.  above. 

"  Wittw,"  In  with,  standing  b^  itself,  b  a 
word  of  coodition  denoting  the  Ume  at  which 
the  gift  la  to  comaence.*  The  eonteal  of  a  will 
may  show  that  tha  word  "  when"  is  to  be  ap 
frfied  to  Um  Bosaesslon  onir,  not  r'^  the  vesting 
of  a  kgMqr  >  bnt  lo  jnatUy  this  owstmcUor  there 
mnat  ba  otnumataaces,  or  o^har  ei.|w«aaivOs  in 
tht  vUi  ahowiag  sa«h  w  ^.Ave  baan  Ike  t>>"> 
tor's  inlMit.* 

WtMtot.  T:  '•» «» jemmui  va>r  >J!»t  eontmeu 
and  eriUs  ah  .>:  \m  qaaMnwii  m.  tHe  paniaa  un- 
derstood Ihevii:  ^«r»  -^  rsao,  however,  ia  pte- 
sumad  to  uadenlaod  ,'eroe  of  the  wonto  tic 
tisaa,  aad  lhenL7s>  ^.Haical  words  mnst  be 
trten  aMording  to  their  1^  impoit  evan  In 
wlUs,  imleia  Iha  testator  manltelt  a  daar  in* 
tantioa  to  iha  aootrary.* 

PracaAarjr  wtstda  am  expraiskma  in  a  will 
prajring  or  laqMMliiv  that  a  thing  shall  bJ 

f^y'M^Jmt.Jmt  CMkeyaM  Dw.aMrivas^ 


>  an  tk«  sl^Ml  if  kl» 
tr  In  wkteh  k  la  to  hi 

ttlimMmdty.  Thlt  I*  4 
«lun,  iir  iMMh,  In  r«|nir>l 
r  ciMt  of  tut>|«ct«,  wluli! 
mtvm  M«iiM  lo  hav«  hu 
It  OiimMi  in  the  b* 

0  Iha  |i*Hicul«r  «Mbj«i  1 
no  Mn«  p«n<m  wttuM 

hen  It  •p|>««n  ih«i  ihc 
ng  a(  Ihi*  muiM  alTat . 
nvalul,  ntj(wlib«(andiii|t 
if  I Im  tomato..' 
(h«  iwnon  h  wo«Ant<l 
:b  Imvc  ih«  mind  fnw, 
id  lo  iiiduca  uMxhvr  t" 
in  mail*  it  In  luia't  owu 
rnuMloii  ihould  to  fur 
4  tha  (Miaior  that  bi 
a  parftctljr  Ar«a  will,  it 
nrnit." 

1  laannirM,  ahuv*, 
biMtuwing  of  a  lagacy 

II  (Hia,  OM  aaodMrt  It !« 
but  It  diflbn  from  it  In 
in  adtmpilon  wUlM«t  a 
caa  b«  no  tnnalaiion 
k*     Saw    M>Blimoti, 

lfl«  CoNTmAcn.  CiK- 

Vhen  a  nontfaot,  a  law, 
bla,  it  Wm  bo  fofoa  or 
CoNTitAcn.  UUa  Con- 

rnRoftUM,  abova. 
standing  bjr  itaalf,  ta  a 
itinf  tba  tlma  at  wUcb 
■  Tbaoonteklorawill 
dxwhfan"  iatobaap' 
mlv.  not  '•:>  tha  "vnt^ng 
i  tote  owatniutlm.  (btre 
or  o^Sar  wfwaMvoa  in 
«i^  Uvt  boon  Iha  %^y 

ud  n>p  >Jb«c  eoitfracu 
n$&  t».  t^«  paniaa  uil- 
"  %a«.  iwwevar,  ia  pet- 
•'ore*  of  tba  wonte  m 
•ijUcat  wordi  mm*  ba 
k  lagai  Impoit  avtn  in 
r  nwnifli  a  ckar  kn 

axjiraaaiaiia  in  a  «ltt 
OMit  a  thiae  ahalt  bJ 

k«  M«M.  Dtr.  ■41 :  a  Vaa. 


/ 


•t^-if 


y 


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6^ 


CONVEYANCES. 


371 


Hone.  Although  recommendatory  wonln  uned 
by  a  testator,  of  themselves,  «eem  to  leave  the 
devinee  to  act  .is  he  may  deem  proper,  giving 
him  a  discretion,  ai,  when  a  testator  given  an 
estate  to  a  devisee,  and  adds  that  he  hopes, 
recommends,  has  confidence,  wish,  or  desire 
that  the  devisee  shall  do  ceruin  things  for  the 
benefit  of  another  person,  yet  courts  have  con- 
strued such  precatory  expressions  as  creating  a 
trust.*  But  this  construction  will  not  prevail 
where  either  the  objects  to  be  benefited  are 
imperfectly  described,  or  the  amount  of  prop- 
erty to  which  the  trust  should  attach  is  not 
'sufficiently  defined.' 

AI.ABAIIA. 

Codicils. 

See  test,  above,  and  Writtin  Wilu,  i.-c.,  below. 
VnwrUtmn  or  NaMcapotivo  Wfiln 

May  be  in;ide  during  the  lul  illncu,  of  pcrtoud  property 

not  ejcecding  in  value  the  *um  of  five  hundred  dolliin. 

Wrltlms  WIIlM  iMsd  TwIoiwdmIb 

EveqrwtU  must  be  in  writing,  unkn  the  penonmak- 
ing  the  Mine  ii  prc»tr.:.-d  by  the  extremity  of  hit  lut 
iickoeu.  when  personally  only  cj-n  be  wil.ed. 

Age  and  Mind^     All  penoni  of  the  age  of  twenty- 


one  year«,  and  of  sound  mind,  may 

any  Intereii  therein,  by  their  iait  will. 

AU  persons  of  the  age  of  elBhieen  ] 


•Ighieen  yean  mav  dbpose 


^^n  !?'?*"'*  "■  ~'T  "•"  "■  »■•""«>••  j«»r»  mav  oupose 
o#- all  their  personal  property  by  their  latt  will. 

Rsvocadon  and  rap«al  may  be  by  burning,  cancel- 
ling, destroying,  or  obliterating  by  the  lesutor  himseU 
with  intention  to  revoke,  or  by  some  one  in  bU 
preaoice,  or  by  his  direction,  or  by  a  new  will  or  codicil, 
or  other  writing,  duly  eaecuted  or  proved. 
_.5"*5!iy?"'-  -No  will  (eacepting  mincupaUve  wilU,  of 
not  exoeedhn  five  hundred,  doiurni'  wortV  of  persoliS 


property,  Ueffectual  unless  the  same b  in  writing,  ligVied 
a  'i?  •"•"«»'.  5'  •O'W  Penon  in  his  preMnce%i3  by 
Ws  dlreetlon^and  atteite<f  by  at  lemit  two  witne^.  whi 
mu«t  subucribe  their  naoiea  thtrato,  ia  th«  pns«iM  of 


the  testator. 
Probata  or  proof.    Sm  text,  above. 
Rapaal.    See  Ai,tb«ation,  arc.,  abovt. 
JUcnatura.    See  ExactmoN,  abov*. 
Wltnaaaaa.    See  Exkcutiom,  above. 
Sss  Cbnb«ai.  Foam,  below. 

ABKAIVSAiL 

CosilfiUs. 

See  text,  abovt,  and  ';>'arrTBM  Wiua.  an:.,  bdow. 

iTliy***^  •»  *!■■«!■»<»«▼•  will*. 

Unwritten  or  Duncupadvk  wilU  may  be  aiade  during 
pie  last  iUness,  and  auir  bequeath  etwa  not  •xosediag 
in  value  five  huiMfred  dollats.  ™— « 

Praof  auMt  be  by  two  whnsases. 

^  WHttsHa  Will*  mm4k  Tortw—w. 

AtraandmimI,    AU  psnons  of  the  an  of  twenty- 

soTlbe  aae  oft 


ASpenoaaol'l^aae  of  cMiteen  years  may  dispose 
of  an  llM^pMWNial  ptoiwity  ^  their  Usi  will'      "^ 

Anmitien  aad  nowd  may  br  by  faumins.  cancel- 
««,  de«>»yia|,  inSSiSi^b,  Ai  t«iSl3fVffif. 
w^/ soaUi  oa«  ia  hh  pnaeiice,  or  by  his  etpteis  direc- 
UoojWby •  Mwwai or  codMI, or  otbor writing, duly 
executed  or  piovaa.      -^ 

bMitttOO.    Bvery  wffl  aiasl  be  in  writing,  etc. 

« iiriii  r.««..i,^ 1 m.  -T  t»flte«CBe*ng 

.  is  eflbctiitl  un- 
lb*  testator,  or 

MMted  bjrtthast  lw»wltaeHas,Who  mmt subscribe 


PirofesWWMor.    Sea  test,  abov3. 
KmW.  i«i|AnnM«niii.  wk.,  above. 

iha  epd  «r  Aa  wfl,.erlf  fMM  peisaa  fir  klbi  at  his  ra- 

_«4V«t.^  jfht  sljM.  MS  Hm.  Abr.  li^riw(B). 
]r.i»OTmOi.tiattata.di.sis,Ml  "■"""*»'• 


quest.  Such  •ubMriplion  mutt  be  made  by  the  testator 
J  •"•  Pr«*S"'e  of  ««th  aiteating  wiinciit,  or  acltnowi- 
edged  bv  tl.o  teimior  in  each  of  i)ie  .uiciiing  wilnetu* 
to  have  been  made  and  (ubtcribcd  an  aforesaid.  At  the 
lime  or  luch  ■iibacripliuii  and  aclinowleUgmvut  the  ie«- 
taior  mu«t  d<;clare  the  Imtrumunt  kj  niibMribed  to  be  his 
la>(  will  and  teniumcnt.     Sue  WirNaasas,  below. 

Witnesses.  1  here  must  be  at  ieati  two  attesting 
wlinc>«c«,  each  of  whom  muit  sign  liii  name  aa  a  fc'ii" 
nesa  ut  ilie  eiul  of  the  will,  at  the  r»|iicsi  of  the  teelaior 

VVhere  the  entire  body  and  iignatiiie  of  the  will  ii  In 
the  handwriting  of  the  teauior.  it  may  be  etubliahed  bv 
the  unimpeachable  evidence  of  u  i<a«t  three  diainier- 
eaied  wlineues  to  the  handwriting  and  •iaiiature  of  iba 
testator,  without  lubecribiiig  wl messes. 

See  UbhbralTukms,  beluw.  . 

C'AM»*«mNIA. 

VmIIcIIn 

See  text,  above,  am)  Writtsn  WiLts,  arc.,  below. 
irnwrl(l«n  or  Nuiten|iMlT»  Wlllii. 

No  niincupativc  will  vhall  be  good  where  the  estate 
bequeathed  exceeds  the  value  of  una  thousand  dollan  • 
nor  unletn  the  iamn  be  proved  by  two  witnesses  who 
were  Present  at  the  making  thereof,  no>  unless  It  be 
proved  that  the  testalui  at  the  time  of  pronouncing  the 
same  did  bid  some  one  present  to  bear  witness  that  such 
was  his  will,  or  to  that  effect;  nor  unless  it  was  made  at 
the  time  wlwn  thvt  decedent  was  In  aciiul  millMry  ler- 
vice  in  the  field,  or  doing  duly  on  shipboard  at  sea,  and 
In  either  case  in  actual  coiiiemplaiion,  fear,  or  peril  of 
death,  or  the  decedent  must  hava  been  at  the  time  in 
expecudon  of  iminadlaie  death  IVom  on  iniury  recaivad 
tlMsamaday. 

A  nvneupative  will  mutt  be  reduced  to  writing  within 
thirty  da)s.  sod  proved  wlihin  six  months  after  the  sane 
was  utierad. 

Wrfttmt  waia  wad  Tiwfm—f. 

Aga  m4  nlnd.  Every  person  of  sound  isinl,  and 
over  eighlfsn  years  of  agt,  may  dispess  of  afl  Ua  or  her 
esute,  rtal  or  personal. 

Altaration  and  rapMl,  as  In  Alabama. 

Baacutioa  Mo  will  (except  such  nunct  patlva  will 
as  IS  above  mentioned)  is  valid,  unless  it  is  m  writing, 
duly  signed  and  attested,  or  proved  Must  be  executed 
'i  '«»« .'hirty  days  befora  the  death  of  the  testator  for 
charitable  purposes.  Chariubia  bequests  cannot 
j»ceed   one-third  of  the  esute  of  one  leaving  legal 

grateta  or  proof.    See  int.  above. 
RapaaL    Sac  AtnaAnow,  ne.,  above. 

J,i7lElSSl?i!!lTv*i.'?'  '•*  ««iatOjf,or  some  person  in 
j>«P««Ke^»nd  by  Ui  cxptesa  dinctlon.    See  Wrr- 

WUmmm:    It  atuat  bt  aMtslad  by  two  or  more  wit- 
nenes.  nibteribiog  their  naaMS  to  iS  wiD.  in^  prel 
eoce  oflhe  tesutor,  and  in  ih«  piatenoe  ofeachTllH^ 
Sea  OBNanaL  Foana,  bdow. 

PROVINCE*l'o!(frAIUO. 

Ovdieila. 

Set  text,  above,  and  WatnwWiiu,  ttc.,  below. 


,  WHttmi  wmn  I 

mhir  ■'■*•    *"««'»•""'•••  ilSTsouad 

cr  by  some  OJM  in  bis  presence,  or  by  hb  tnpnag  dirw;! 

J^MtitiOM  auvi  be  In  wiidog,  duly  signed  and  at- 

g'^t'O'Proof.    See  text,  above. 

Ropastl.    See  iMit.  above. 

Stoiwtura  mutt  be  by  the  tesutor,  or  soim  other  per. 

W?tS22"'l2c'^'^  present  at  die  same  time. 
Witniaata.    Sea  SioNAWna,  above. 
Sea  Gbnbiial  Forms,  bdow. 

PROVINCEOFQUEBEC. 
See  (Mit,  abevt,Md#iimiiWnu,*K..  b«l«w. 

Ago  aaa  invM.   An  ptnuua  twemv-ona  «mib  «# 
AllarMlon  and  rapwd  atay  be  by  bumlac,  oum 


M 


JW* 


37» 


CONVEYANCES. 


lie.  dMlroylnf ,  or  oMil«ntint  by  *•  te«»»ot  hlBiMlf, 
r  bv  "ome  one  In  hU  pmcnce,  or  by  hl»  axprw 

.       '     _  L..  . ».in   ».  ^.u11f-[l    i\w  nihmw  Mrrllll 


link,  IIB»imyin^,  m»  ««..»».-»•..»  -/   "•— ll."' jiL«' 

or  by  .0™*  one  In  hU  pmcnce,  or  by  hl»  exprw*  dlrte- 
lion;  or  by  a  new  will  or  codicil,  or  oiher  wrUln«,  duly 
exccuied  or  proved. 

BxMutlen.    WlIU  are  of  ihra*  klndi : 

I  The  auihenllc  (or  rnnch)  wlU,  made  before  iwo 
BOttriei,  or  a  Boury  and  two  wllneieee.  ,_      .. 

•.  The  Englleh  will,  made  la  the  pretenoe  of  two  wtl- 


3.  The  olofraphlc  will ,  which  miui  be  enUrely  written 
Mid  ilened  by  the  letutor,  and  require*  neither  notarica 
r  wli 


ProbaU  or  proof.  Th« Eaalbhaiui  ibaOlographic 
wUh  muti  b*  probated. 

Rapaal.    See  AtTWUTH>i«,»K:..abo»t. 

Hinatura.  The  Eafllth  wiU  muat  be  ilfiMd  at  the 
and  thereof,  with  the  tlgnatuf*  or  mark  of  the  Mtalor, 
made  by  himielf,  or  by  another  penoo  fiw  him,  In  hto 
pretence,  and  under  hit  cxpreit  direction.    See  wit- 

Witnaaaaa.  Tha  tlgnaturc  »>»»  J*  .«''n?^»'«^ 
by  the  tatwtor,  at  haWnf  been  Mibecribed  by  him  to  hit 
wlU  then  pn>duc«l.  In  the  pcetenca  of  at  leatt  two  com- 
petent irlthauea  tMethcr,  who  mutt  attcul  and  tiga  Uw 
win  Immedlawly.  In  the  picteoca  of  tha  Htlaior,  and  at 

Vemito'may  attait  at  witnaitc*  in  tha  En(llth  wlU, 
kut  not  In  tlw  French.  ,  , 

Saa  OaHiaAL  Forms,  below. 

«»M»mADO. 

Saa  ieit,  abo're.  and  WarrnmWiLU,  nc.,  below. 
Written  Wllto  Mi4i^TMt»nMit«. 

Aca  and  mlod.  Malet  aaed  iwcniy.on«  yean,  <e. 
malet  aged  «lt.hta«>  y*»*,  being  of  tound  mind  and 
memory,  may  ditpoaa  of  their  real  and  pertpnal  prop- 
erty by  win,  tui^eet  to  tha  payment  rj  hit  or  her  debu : 
except  that  a  married  man  cannot  depriw  hit  wtfc  of 
over  one-haU  of  hit  property,  and  viu  virm,  without 
Ihe  content  of  the  other  In  writing. 

Penonal  etiate  may  be  ditpoaed  of  by  wlU  or  tetta- 
incnt  by  any  one  of  tound  mind  and  themory ,  at  the  age 

(if  tcventaen.  .        ,^  ..   ^      .  _m 

AlttratloeaB"  !r«i3aalinaybabybumlng,cai5cd1lMt, 

ilcetroyiM,  or  obticeariting  by  tha  tettator  himielf.  or  by 

wrnic oneln hit  pretence. orT>y hit  expmt  (Hrecilon^ 

by  a  new  will  or  codicO,  or  other  writing,  duly  csecuiad 

or  proved.  a 

Saaeution.  AU  wilb  devitlngUndt,  tenemMti,  and 
beradllamenta.  amroltiet.  or  rente,  muat  be  reduced  to 
wridM,  and  duly  lignrnt  and  attettad. 

Prebauerplror.    S«e  text,  above. 

Rapaal.    See  AttaBATioM,  arc  ,  above. 

Signatura  mutt  be  by  the  tttaior  or^tiaMx.  or  by 
tome  one  In  hit  or  her  pretence,  and  by  hit  or  her  dinc- 
tinn.    See  Wirmiaat,  below.      ,^,  __,  .. 

WItuaaaaa.    Two  or  more  credible  witnetaet  to  tha 
ligaature,  etc.,  of  the  wiU,  in  the  iw~««ce  of  the  «««"of 
birtetuttlx,  are  naeetaaryoo  the  validity  of  the  wiU. 
Sea  Gamiua  Foatis.  bdow. 

comntcTicirr. 

Saa  Mxt,  abova.aad  WBirm  Wiua.  rc.,  below. 
Written  WIlii  mMI  TVMMMnt*. 

AgaMdmiod.  AU  pettont over ^taea yean oi 
agaTand  of  tound  mind,  auty  Oapoia  oTall  thdr  p(op> 
arty,  real  and  pertonal,fcrlaatwBl  or  neamment. 

Aitarmtlon  and  rapaafmay  batry  InmiBg.amcaUiw, 
deatroylng.  or  obUtcmtlng  by  tha  taMator  ujat^  or  by 
lome  oaeto  hit  pntenea.  or  By  hit  nipfai^diiectlon^ 
by  a  new  wttl  or  eodidi,  or  othat  wiillin,duly  aaecotad 

"'imetitieo.    AUwUltBu(tbalnwiitiag,dalyiigaed 

PiSiSata'muttbe  eflbctad  wltMa  tanyaart  tmrn  the 
ttttator'i  dtath. 

Rapaal.    Sea  ALTnATMm,  arc.,  alwva.^ 

SMiMtiiraaiaitbaby.tbatattator.  SaaWiTMnaaa, 
below* 

Wttaaaaaa,    Tlia  atMatatloB  moar  b(  bv  itoaa  wit 

actiei.aDortlMa  aatacriWag  the  wffl  la  Aapi 

a(  tha  IMMar,  and  In  the  preacnca  of  eadi  other 
SM  Gamut  Fomn,  below. 
VAK4VA.  'I^SMto^  M»trni. 

Saa  iKt  abava,  andmmnMWiua^  nc.,  below. 


Wrillen  Wllla  Mud  T«Mt«N«i*Mt«b 

Alteration  and  repeal  m,\y  b<  by  bbriilng,  canael- 
ling,  dc»iruyiii|{,  ur  uliliirraiiiig  uy  the  letlaior  hlnueir, 
or  by  tume  uiio  In  hit  prcMiicii,  or  by  hit  exprete  dlivc- 
tlon,  or  by  a  new  will  or  codicil,  or  other  writing,  duly 
execuud  or  proved. 

Execution.  A  will  of  real  or  penonal  property,  or 
both,  ur  a  revoctiiun  iheraof,  by  a  pertoa  not  iToiricned 
here,  and  executed  tci  ording  to  the  place  of  the  ieslu- 
tor't  domicile  cliewhere,  U  at  valid  at  though  executed 
acconling  10  the  ftw*  uf  the  territory. 

Probata  or  proof.    See  text,  above. 

RapatU.    Saa  ALTcaATinN,  rtc,  above. 

Nf  nature.  It  mii»l  he  aubtcrlbed  at  the  end  thereof 
by  tCe  tettator  hlintclf,  or  by  tome  penun  In  hit  pret- 
ence, and  by  hln  direction.  The  aubtcriptlon  mutt  he 
made  In  the  pretence  of  each  of  the  aitcatiag  wilnettea, 
or  be  acknowledged  by  *ha  tettator  to  each  of  them  to 
have  been  made  by  him,  or  by  hit  expntt  authority 
The  tettator  mutl.atthetlmeoriubtcribing  or  acknowl- 
edging  the  tame,  declare  to  the  altetting  witnettet  thai 
the  Intlrument  It  hli  will. 

Witnaaaaa.  There  muit  be  two  atteating  witnetaet , 
etch  of  whom  mutt  ilgn  hit  oama  aa  a  witneea  at  the 
end  of  the  will,  at  the  tettator't  requeit,  adding  hit 
place  of  midence. 

A  penoa  who  tubtcribet  tha  tetmtor't  name,  by  hit 
direction,  mutt  wriu  hit  own  name  aa  •  wltatia  to  tha 

See  GairaRAL  FoaiM,  below. 
DELAWABB. 

See  text,  above,  and  Wbittbii  Wit.u»,  arc.,  below. 
Written  Wllle  mMI  TeetamenU. 

Aga  and  mind.  Any  perton  at  the  age  of  twtnty- 
oitL.  yean  and  upwarda,  of  tound  and  dlipoting  mind, 
may  laakc  a  will.  .    ,.    u      ,  , 

AltaratlOB and rapaal  may  be  by  buralri,  cancel- 
ling, dattroying,  or  obliterating  by  the  tetutuf  hliatelr, 
or  by  tome  one  In  hU  pretence,  or  by  hit  exprett  direc- 
tion, or  by  a  new  wUI  or  codicU,  or  other  writing,  duly 
cxecutad  or  proved. 

Baaetitloii  mutt  be  in  writing,  duly  ilgnad  tad  at- 

M airiad  woman  cannot  deprive  their  hatbandt  of 
the  courtaty  of  their  llfc-lmerett  In  their  property. 

Probata  or  proof.    See  uxt,  above. 

Rapaal.    See  Alt8*atioh,  arc,  above. 

Wglkatttre  mutt  be  by  the  tettator,  or  by  tome  per- 
ton tubacribing  tha  taiutor't  name  in  hit  pretence,  and 
by  hia  exprett  dIrccUon.  

Witnaaaaa.    It  mutt  be  attctted  and  tubtcribad  In 
hia  uiaa<inft  by  two  or  mora  credible  witnettet. 
Sea  CunwAi.  Foam,  below. 

BiaVBICT  or  COLVHBIA. 
CMIIcUm. 

Saa  laxt,  above,  and  WanTBn  Win*,  wc.,  betow. 
Written  WIIlM  mm*  TeetMaenUk* 
'  Am  ead  mind.  Malet  mutt  be  of  the  ftiU  aga  of 
twenty-one  yeait  and  upwarda.  Femalatauiwbeof  the 
liiUageorclghtaeayeBn.  A]lpei|BO«imuttbaortoand 
and  dUpotIng  mind,  and  capaUa  of  axacutlBg  a  valid 
comnctorconvcyaaea.  ..    u    v      ■  J-i 

Altaration  and  iwal  may  ba  by  burning,  enacel- 
Ung.  dettnying.  or  oMwrattog  by  the  tettator  bimaelf, 
orlV  aowa  one  in  bit  pretence,  or  by  hit  exuroa  direc- 
tion; or  by  a  new  wm  or  codlcU.  or  other  wridng,  duly 
axecittad  or  proved.  _.  •    j    _ 

Bsacntlen.  AM  davitea  and  bcouetta  of  lands  or 
Mnemaota  devltaUa  by  faiw  moat  ba  in  writing,duly 
tignod  aad  tutettad. 

Trebdta  w  proof.   See  taxt.  abov^ 

RapaaL   Saa  Ai.t««atioii,  arc.,  rtova. 

timetura  anatbebythapartondaviilngormaklng 
thewill,or  bytoma  other  pciaee  la  Ua  pretence, and 
by  hit  axpreta  dbaction.  .  . 

'witnaaaaa.  Sudi  tigMtuia,  tte^  wwt  ba  aumad 
aad  tubtcribad  In  ptaaeaca  of  tha  dtviiorby  «uaa  or 
four  crcdiUe  tritaaaaat. 

Saa  GanaAL  Fo«m*,  balow.    ■ 

IMMBA. 

Saa  laat.  abova,  aad  WnrrnTWiua,  aac.  bal0» 
••Ifaryiaitd  A«,  IMS,  Ch.  att.C  It 


4  TMit««i«a(Mb 

1.1  y  b<  hy  burning,  0*m«i- 
K  uy  th«  tuU'Or  hlimdf, 
9,  or  by  hti  aiipniM  dliw;' 
ell,  or  olhar  wrtUnf,  duly 

I  Of  personal  fnnfnty.  or 
by  ■  pcnon  not  <luirlcll«tt 
to  tne  plac*  of  the  Mitu- 
valld  u  though  «ii«cuud 
irrltory. 
m,  ibom. 
,  rr( .,  abov*. 
Mcribcd  at  iha  end  (hereof 
tome  panon  In  hto  pre*- 
The  tuoccriptlun  auat  be 
of  the  atiaailog  wltne«ie», 
auior  to  aMh  of  them  i» 
by  hit  exprme  authorltv 
ofiubtcribing  or  acknowl- 
he  attcHlng  wilDeaMa  that 

be  two  altaating  wttneHc«, 
name  aa  a  witneu  at  the 
Mor't  rtquaal,  adding  his 

IM  teataior'a  name,  by  hU 
I  nam*  ta  «  wiuwat  le  the 

'OMU,  below. 
rABB. 

riH  Wil.i»,  «TC., below. 

Ml  TcmUtMCNU. 

non  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
lound  and  diipoalng  mind, 

lay  be  by  bum(r(„  cancel- 
ing  by  the  tctutuj'  himMlf, 
ce,  or  by  hia  cxprea*  dlrec- 
UcU,  or  other  writing,  duly 

Tiling,  duly  ilgnad  tad  at- 

t  deprive  their  hinbanda  of 
reel  in  their  property. 

text,  above. 

>»,  rrc.,  above. 

9  tettaior,  or  by  lomc  per- 

a  name  in  hi*  pretence,  and 

attnted  and  subKribed  ia 
I  credible  witncatea. 
Foam,  below. 

r  eOLVKBIA. 
lelta. 

IT«M  WILL*.  KTC.,  below. 

«4  T«i«Mn«iit«<* 

muM  be  of  lb*  AiU  agt  of 
rde.  Female*  mutt  be  of  the 
Ail  polBoas  muit  b*  of  (ound 
apabie  of  •Jncutiag  a  valid 

may  be  by  buralng,  cancel- 
ling by  the  taiuior  bimadf, 
nee,  or  by  hla  cxprea*  dirap- 
mUcU,  or  other  writing,  duly 

I  and  bequeata  of  lands  or 
w  miM  be  In  writing,dtdy 

text,  above. 
»N,  BK-,  abov*. 
M  penon  davialng  or  making 

pcnea  la  his  ptttence,  and 


•tuiw,  etc.,  wast  be  atiaaud 
aoftha  dsvisarbyibNsar 


,  roam,  bd«w.    • 

UMIa. 

rrmi  WtuSt  ■■«.« 

t}9l,Ch.Mt,C(< 


<X)NVEYANCBS. 


VmwHMmi  •*  BMMaiMMIvf  Wllto. 

4  noncapalive  will  «um  be  mwie  In  At  tioia  of  the 
i_l  tickneee  of  the  deceaaed.  It  muat  be  proved  by  >h* 
•alh  of  three  wllnetee*  at  leaat,  that  were  pnacnl  r.i  the 
making  thereof;  and  It  muM  be  proved  by  tald  wit- 
netaea  that  the  leautor  or  teauulx,  at  the  tune  of  pro- 
nouncing the  tame,  did  deaire  the  pereone  pratenf ,  or 
•ome  oTihem,  to  baar  witaeaa  that  *ik>  waa  hi*  ur  her 
wlli.ortoihaleflKt. 

SU  montha  aAar  the  (peaalag  at  Mich  word*  no  t*«l- 
nony  ihall  be  received  to  prove  any  nunctipallve  will, 
unlau  aaid  letdmony.  or  the  Hibelance  thereof,  wa«  re- 
duced 10  writing  within  lix  day*  from  the  making  of 
»ald  will,  and  twom  to  before  *ome  judicial  oOcer  uf  the 
State  wliMa  alx  day*. 

WrlM«N  Wllta  •■«  TMtaMAMta. 

Ago  and  mind.  Every  penon  of  the  .ige  of  tweiily> 
en*  ye*n  and  upward*,  of  aound  aad  dUpoeiMt  mind, 
mav  exeouM  a  laai  will  and  Matament. 

AllaraUon  aad  raMal  may  be  by  burning,  cancel- 
ling, deatroylag,  or  oUiMratIng  by  the  leautor  himtclf, 
or  bv  *om*  on*  In  hi*  rreience,  or  by  hi*  expre^i  di- 
rection, or  by  a  new  will  or  codicil,  or  other  writing 
dulv  executed  or  proved. 

BmcuUon  muM  be  In  writing,  duly  algoKl  and  at. 
tested. 

Foraign  wills  mual  be  exaeutad  according  to  the 
law*  or  thla  Sum  In  order  to  ba  of  ofet  therein  and 
oper^>e  •*  a  deviM  of  land*. 

•  1  <ata  or  proof.    Sea  text,  above, 
i  *>  jal.    See  ALTBaATiON,  «rc.,  above. 

tttgnatara  mint  be  by  the  laataior,  or  aome  other 

penon  la  hia  or  her  preaeace.  aad  by  his  or  her  expreae 
direction.  ' 

Wltnsaass  Such  aignatuia  muat  b*  attastod  and 
■ibecribad  In  the  pramaco  of  iha  laalator  or  leauirix  by 

li.«.    *km  latnmm   i   ii  .ii  ii      .  i      ■         -  ' 


ihte*  or  more  compMsat  -___ 

So*  OBmnut  Fasm,  above. 
CIBOBCIIA. 

r-tidto. 

Soe  isxt,  above,  r-         itrm  Wius,  trc.,  below. 
WHUmsV  saidl  TWtMMMlik 

Am  and  mliid.    ^   ^    nt  most  be  of  Uwiul  age. 
Mid  of  louad  aad  di«po*i       lind. 

ling,  deatroyiat,  or  oblilerating  by  the  leetatorliiaMelf, 
(w  by  eoate  omIo  htaM»Mace.  or  by  hi*  expraea  dlrec- 
llon,or  bya  newwili  or  oodkil.  or  other  wriita«  dulv 
ftxecuted  or  provad.  ^      ' 

Baacutlon.  AS  wills  (t>c«ptmmeBpatlv«)dlspoalBg 

te'a^KSSf.  ""^ -^  •- •- •*^  *-' 

Probata  or  proof.    8sa  Mat,  above. 

Rspeai.    Sae  AimAnoH,  nc.,  abeva. 

MMatVfo  aMisl  be  by  the  Mataipr.  or  by  aome  per- 
■oa  br  him,  hi  his  pnsaaca  aad  by  hto  upnts^- 


Witasaist.    It  amit  bs^attssiad  aad  sabscribad  In 

the  presence  of  the  lastalar  by  ihraa  or  aMto  campeisnt 
witaeasea. 

^  AwtoMSMiy  attsstby  his  maili  vrovldsd  hs  caa 

^e  witaasa  caaaot  aubaeriba  Ihs  aaam  of  aaother 
tvaa  ia  hia  pnaaaca  aad  by  hia  diiacliaa. 
Sea  Omnuu.  Foam,  balaw. 

■IiUBOIB. 
CMkrtia. 

Sac  test,  above,  aad  Warma  Wius,  nc.,  below. 
WriMm  WU|»  aadl  "t— irniff , 

«y  fHle  pstioa  twenty.«a« 
ftarnhpsiMM  ai^ttssa  yaaia 

w  aa  UMigla  above,  to 

itnal  amnlage  of  iMlalor." 
SmcMiOB  atatt  be  la  writing,  daly  ilgacd  aad  at- 


iperaon 


9tM,mt*t«»f-   •Ck  ik tfB^  «Mt. «f Mf. 


Probata  or  proofc    8«*  text  above.    Will*  executed 
out  of  this  Swu  stay  be  adauttsd  to  probaw  in  the 
amnaar  providsd  Sir  the  probaM  of  wdh  in  thi*  State, 
whether  probated  hers  or  aliewhaw. 
Kapaa!.   Sea  AumuTfOR.  are.,  above. 
ihaMrthaMatatarorby 
,atkia*actiaik 


.tir: 


m 


Witaeasea.  Such  tlgaature,  etc.,  muat  be  ettemeri 
in  the  leeutor**  pr**ence  by  two  or  nuwe  •ubecrlbina 
witne****. 

See  OsaaaAt  Foaiea,  below 
■BOIABA. 

See  text,  ebove,  and  WarrrBH  Will:),  arc.,  below 
Writtom  Wllta  iimtl  Toal«Mn«>aia.>> 

Ag*  and  miad.  All  penoaa  of  tuund  mmd  who  are 
lw*fity.oaa  yean  of  m  auy  make  wilU  dcvi>iiig  all 
their  eaute,  of  every  kind  or  nature,  lo  any  pcrton  or 
coraoration,  aaving  only  the  legal  provlalon  for  the 
widow  and  widower. 

Altaratlon  and  rspaal  may  be  by  burning,  cancrl- 
ling,  deatroying,  or  obliterating  by  ihe  tetiator  himtcif, 
or  by  MOM  Me  In  hb  preeenoeTby  hi*  expnn<i  direciian, 
with  the  lalentloa  to  revoke,  or  by  a  new  will  or  codicil, 
or  other  writing  duly  executed  or  proved. 

Baaaiitloa  muat  be  In  wridng:  (except  nuncupative, 
bequeauhiag  not  to  exceed  oaeluaodnd  doltar*),  duly 
eigned  and  attsetsd. 

Probata  or  proof.  See  taxi,  above.  Win*  may  be 
prolMted  by  the  circuit  court  of  eny  county  where  the 
leeiator  reeided,  or  in  wblrh  bs  ihail  die  leaving  auMt*, 
on  proof  of  execution  by  one  or  more  euUcriUng  wit- 
lM**c«,  nr  by  proof  of  Ihe  handwriting  of  the  witne*«c4 
of  ihtifr  incompetency,  death,  or  at 


In  caae  of  ihtiir  incompetency,  death,  or  abMnce.  Willi 
executed  without  the  Suu.  and  probated  In  another 
Slate  or  country  accerdii^  to  ihe  law*  iherc^,  may  be 
recorded  and  shall  have  ths  saaae  effect  a*  if  executed 
in  thi*  Suu. 

RepaaL    See  Alvwation,  arc.,  above. 

tignatiira  mu«I  be  by  the  testator,  or  lome  penon  in 
hi*  pretence  aad  by  hia  direetloo. 

Witasaaaa.  such  algnalure  mutt  oe  attaaiad  by 
two  competent  person*  tubacribing  a*  witneaae*  ia  bu 
praaeaee.       Sae  GaHSBAL  FoRMa,  below. 


IOWA. 
CtMllelta. 

S«*  mxt,  ante,  and  Wsittbh  Wills,  ate.,  below. 
Vmirrlittaai  •»  BiinetipiUlw*  Wllln. 

Penonal  nropcrty  to  the  value  of  three  hundred  dol- 
lan  may  be  bequeathed  by  a  verbal  will  if  wltne*iied  by 
two  competent  witnuee*. 

A  (oldler  !n  actual  service,  or  a  mariner  at  *ea .  may 
diipose  of  all  hia  persoaai  aattle  by  a  auncupativ*  will 
*o  witnnrtad. 

WrtUma  WlltaMtf  TMteaMMta. 

Aftar-aeqliirad  Mopoitw  may  be  dsviied  wh«a  ths 
Imcntion  is  elesr  and  explicit. 

Af  a  ai«d  mind.  Any  penon  of  AiU  age  and  aound 
raiad  m^  i^Vf*  of  aHUa  property  except  what  it 
tufficleat  to  pay  hla  debts,  or  what  I*  aUowed  a*  a  hooui> 
atcad  or  other  exemption  Ibr  hia  erife  and  bmily. 

Altarattoa  and  repsal  may  be  by  burning,  cancel- 
ling, destroytag,  or  obliterating  by  the  lealator  himaelf, 
or  by  tome  ono  ia  bh  prcaence.  or  by  hla  exprei*  direc- 
tioa,  or  by  a  new  will  or  codicil,  or  other  writing  duly 
>!xecutsd  or  provad. 

BsaeuUon  aaist  bs  la  wridag.  duly  tigoad  aad 
attested.  ^^ 

Probattf  or  proof.    Sss  text,  above 


Rspatl.    Sm ALTBaATiriK,  arc.,  above. 

aigiMiiiarr'  matt  bs  by-tha  tatlator,  or  by  tooM  par- 
ton  In  hb  prtiaacs,  aad  by  bit  eaaraaa  direction. 

WitBasaaa.  Two  dUniststted  tad  competoni  wit- 
neteaa  aro  nsotssary.  Ualsss  thsrt  be  luch  witnciect 
noMAicriblag  witneai  to  a  will  caa  derive  any  beaedt 
therefrom. 

Sss  OnmAL  Foam,  below. 

■ABBAS. 

Cfdlcito. 

See  text,  above,  and  WnirraM  Wills,  arc,  below. 

,  WrlMtm  Wllta  «■«  TtwteBMMlN.* 

Acaandmlnd.    Aay partoo  of  iUU  age  aad  totted 

ARaratioii  and  r^tat,  tsam  at  Iowa  abova, 
A  will enctpiedra aa aadoned seaisd  wsappar may hs 
dmostted  m  the  oOca  of  tlm  Jadgs  of  ths  nobais  esart. 
tubjattoalyto  the  order  of  the  tettatorthnuw  hit  m£ 
andaAerhn  death  to  bsjieUvered  lo  iheaenon  aataadca 
It,  or  ui  ahtaaes  of  aach  aasM  to  be  publicly  opaaad  ia 
dwifar***  **^  **        ***  mamka  Mt  astka  «f 


m 


COKVEYAMCES. 


Bi««|MlMi  mtwl  b*  kjr  writlag,  duly  tigmi  tad  m- 
IwimI. 

Probata  or  proof.  Rm  Hut,  ahov*.  A  w4U  •■•• 
atiicd,  proved,  iimI  allowad  In  anoihar  Sum,  may  h« 
•dmltliid  lo  racord  In  tha  prnhat*  court  of  th«  county 
whtr*  propany  d<vlia<l,aic.,  U  iltuatad,  by  pruduclnc 
an  authantlcaud  copy. 

Rapaal.    Ha*  Aitb«atioh,  stc.,  abova. 

tifnatura  miwt  ba  at  Iha  and  ihataof  by  tha  <atutor 
or  by^iiooM  mhar  panon  In  hia  praMnca,  and  by  hit  •«• 
pr*M  diracilon. 

Wltnoaaaa.    It  miMi  ht  *ita«iMl  and  tubtcrlbrd  In 
Iha  praHni-a  of  tha  tnlaior  by  twa  <ir  mora  ouinpttani 
^ncMMt  wtio  (WW  tha  laoialor  subacrlba  or  haard  Um 
<;knowladg«  lh«  uaM. 

baa  OBMnAL  Ptmiia,  poai, 

umnrvtmr. 

a*^^AAaiAttM 

Sat  mtt,  anta,  and  Warrnm  Wnx>,  «vc.,  l-clow. 

WrittaM  Win*  «■«  TtWmmnttu. 

Aga  and  mind.  All  panoni  iwamy-ona  ytaia  of 
aga  ind  of  tound  mind  May  baquaalh  and  dtvlaa  all  hit 
property  by  latl  will  and  icaUiaMat. 

Atontum  and  raowl  may  ha  by  banriaf,  eanetl- 
Hnc,  ditiroylnc.  or  obiltaratlac  by  tha  latutor  hlmtclf, 
or  by  tooM  ona  la  hit  praianco.  o  by  Ma  aapntt  dlrcc- 
llon,  or  by  a  naw  will  or  co^Odt.  or  etlMr  witliag,  duly 
axtcuttd  or  proved. 

Bsocatton  muu  ba  by  writiai,  My  rigaad  aad  at- 
letted. 

Probata  or  proof.  Sea  taut,  abera.  Willi  ara 
prorad  before  and  admitted  lo  lacord  by  the  county 
eouit  of  Iha  county  of  ictiator't  rettdoaea.  or  whaia  tha 
land  Uat,  or  where  ha  It  dtceaetj. 

K«p«u.    See  At-THiATioH.  nc.,  abev*. 

WCnatura  nniti  ba  by  tha  laiiator  hlaaair,  or  by 
tpma  other  pei*oa  In  bit  prat  tact,  aad  by  bla  dineiloa. 
See  WinnatJa,  below. 

WitaaaMa,  If  tha  wlB  U  not  wholly  wHMa  by  the 
leauior  tha  tubtcHplioa  or  ligaaMra  moat  ba  aude,  or 
ihe  ardi  acknowladiid  by  hiai  la  Ik*  praenoa  of  two 
*?*™'!!f  «<<■*«»«•>  «*o  thai  labacdba  ihair  oamat  to 
tha  wUl  in  the  prtieaoa  of  tha  iaililoi. 

See  OataaAL  roMia,  balotr. 
_  WWMAMA. 

wills  MM^VaMMMMlllb      ^^ 

B«aeMlon,form,nvd*MM,ot8.  DooaHona  «>//r 
pht  or  MwrMr  emum,  emmf  tmtmt  t«»«lidt  of  tha 
;  iMMn  of  Aa  dbpoMir.  If  ha  havta  at  Ut  daoeaia  a 
I  bgrtlmau  chUd :  one4ialf.  If  ha  lwf«i  two  cbOdran,  and 
jont-thlid.ifhalaavatlhMeoragraatarnaaibir.  The 
'  IMBM  cMUtim  lachidad  datcaadaMa  aTwhaHnrawltgico 
^.^'^v'KM"*  uMkislood  that  Aay  tra  oi^  couated 
I  fcr  the  child  thm  nprtttnt.* 

P  Tonaliont  MrrcAa*  or  «t»rMb  mmm  Ouhwi  ea> 
'  eead  two-lhirdt  of  the  diipoaar't  propaity,  if  the  dla- 
IfOMr,  havlai  ao  cUldrtn,  kavaa  a  fitlMr,  mmdm,  or 

'Any  diapoaal  of  proaarty,  wbatharMl#r  adba*  or  ai«r. 
lb  «MMB,  exeecdiaf  ilia  pimmtim  of  wbkh  a  penon 
Mr  NPwy  diipote  to  the  priMioa  of  tha  forMdhein. 
h  aot  nuD,  but  only  nduelBle  to  ttat  MMNiApn.' 

la  aU  ditpotitlou  in$tr  *km  orViaHftnatiia:  im. 
paatlUacondliioat,dMMwUcba!  <!4amif  MdWbtwt. 
or  to  atoralt,  aia  contMawd  aot  <>  Jitaa.  BatMltatlona 
•.■oAJUrtttrnmbm  ara  aad  laautin  ninWWtair 

Every  ^tpotitioit  bf  vfckk  tha  dowa,  tha  Wr,  or 
legaiatla  ehnt*d  to  nrateivo  fitr.  or  to  laMa  a  ddaa  to 
a  third  panpB  te  mdl.  avail  with  ncud  to  ihadMea. 
tha  inttltuted  hair,  or  tha  iMMae. 

The  ditpotilion  by  whitta thl 
take  the  gift,  the '  *^ 
donee,  Iha  hair, 

be  Bffntlrttrfd  i 

HUM  thall  be  cburved  at  to  ditpaaitioiw  M*r  vittt 
and  aPMrMr  JMMa,  by  wbldi  Ae  «NfBwet  k  givta  to  ona, 
and  tha  naked  Owaenhtp  to  aaathar.* 

TlMra  an  iMr  dOhnut  iMnM  vftttni  t 

I.  NadenpatiM  fto«Mm)br|MMIe  act. 

a.  |raa«apail««  fnr  MVatt  ati. 
"^^^^7{or  tafla*. 


'«i«t«»  bytna  iHlaMr  iMMir,  or  by  aay 
4-CKHI  Code.  aft.  14*3.  «k|d.  ait.  !««.  Md.  ait. 
—    C4d.  am.  tfif-tpM.  thUU  aita.  igli-i}l3.  I- 


mhar  penon  (Win  hh  dictation,  nr  even  by  aiM  nf  ih* 
wilneaaea,  In  nrcMnn  of  tivc  «Un««MM  rettdlM  In  ih< 
plate  where  Um  «IU  It  reaetvad,  or  of  t«v«n  «iln«iiM< 
f^xldlng  out  of  that  place.  Or  it  will  •uAcr  If,  la  tha 
prc*enca  of  ih«  laaw  number  of  witattitt,  the  tattalor 
prrtania  tha  papar  on  which  ha  hat  wiiliaa  .ila  Mtia- 
m«nt,  or  cautad  It  lo  ba  writtaa  em  af  ihelr  praaeiK«, 
declaring  to  them  thai  that  papar  eentaiat  hit  Uat  will. 
In  alihcr  cate,  the  lettameni  mutt  ba  read  by  the  tetu- 
tor  In  tha  witnattee,  ar  by  ona  of  the  alli'imi  to  th« 
ml.  In  tha  prettnee  of  the  letiator:  It  mutt  ba  tlgn«d 
by  the  letiator,  If  he  kaowi  how,  or  It  able  to  tign,  end 
by  iha  wlinottet.  or  at  lettl  two  of  llMai,  In  ewe  iht 
oihart  know  kn  how  to  ilgn,  and  diota  nt  tlic  wMnettn 
who  kno.y  not  how  to  «lgn  mutt  afla  ihair  aiBrii. 

In  the  country.  It  tuflset  for  tha  valld^^  '  af  auncupt- 
tlvc  tcaiamanti  under  private  tignalaia,  /dm  tttMaitnt 
be  paiiad  In  tha  piatenee  of  throe  wluitmti  nttdlng  In 
Iha  place  where  the  Ittltaital  It  rtceivod,  or  of  Rvt 
wiincttet  rttiding  eui  of  thai  ahce.  provided  a  gieaur 
number  of  wlineetea  eannnt  batad.* 

A  nuaaupatiira  taataman 
itceivad  by  a  notary 


A  nuaaupatiira  taatataant  by  pal 
Ktivad  by  a  notary  pubUo  In  the 
witnetiet,  raiding  hi  the  plaot  where'  iIm  will  It  ett- 


U 
af  thiet 


cntad.  or  of  Ave  wllaetiet  not  rttidlag  in  the  place. 

Thlt  Ictlament  auitl  ba  dictated  by  tha  teautor,  aad 
written  by  iha  notary  aa  It  i*  dictated. 

It  aiuti  Hiaa  bo  nad  to  dto  leMaior,  la  ptaaeaoe  o( 
th(  wllnattnt. 

Eapreea  aieation  b  atode  of  dio  whole,  oheerving  ihtt 
all  ihete  fannatiilee  aMU  be  tUMUIed  at  one  tlaM7wlth. 
outlalamiptioB,  and  wlihoM  turning  atlde  lo  other  acit. 

Thto  uttameni  amet  ba  tignad  by  the  Itotalor;  if  ht 
daelar"  '>iat  he  knowi  not  bow,  or  it  not  able  to  sign, 
axprttt  icaiionof  hledtclaialian,aaatioof  thacauM 
thai  hinden  hiai  ftoai  tigniag,  matt  ba  amde  in  the  act. 
Thia  MttaaMM  anal  ba  ligaad  by  die  wimetttt,  or  at 
leatiby  oneofthaaferall.lf  the  oihart  cannot  write.) 

A  myatte.  ar  aocrat  taatamant.  It  auuia  in  the  fol- 


lowing auuner :  the  lanator  toutt  tign  hit  ditpotidont, 
whether  he  bat  wri lien  dMBi  klaMeUTor  haa  canted  Ihaa 
to  be  writian  by  another  neiaoa. 

The  paper  comalnlag  theeo  AtpetMent,  or  the  ^ 
ttrvigg  at  thrir  enveloaa,  amat  be  doted  and  aeoied. 

Tha  lottBlor  tboU  pranat  h  dnai  eloaed  aad  loaM 


,       , to 

ib(  aoiaiy,  aad  w  tevaa  wilWMaat,  or  ba  Aall  oauie  it 
lobedcaedandieahdlntheirpweatoa.  TheahathaU 
declare  m  the  notary,  In  the  pruwite  of  thawiiatiiw, 
that  dwt  papar  coaMlne  bb  liaiaitni  written  by  hhn- 
•elf,  or  by  another  by  hit  dlioetion,  aad  tigned  by  bla. 
theitttator.    The  twiarr  thai  then  draw  na  the  act  of 


r.    The  twiary  thai  

tupeitortadoa,  whWb  thdi  be  tiiliiia  oa  that  naaor,  or 
on  iho  thett  that  tervea  at  ta  eavatoaa,  aad  iHU  act 
thaU  be  ligBad  ^  Iha  MHaiar.  Had  <^^  MIMy  and 
the  antatatto. 

All  dMt  It  abovo  pTNOilbad  than  ba  tioM-wlAoat  bi- 
tarrmfdoa  or  turntag  atlde  to  otter  acli;  aad  laatta 
the  totlator.  by  raaton  of  any  hindraaee  that  hat  hap- 
peaed  tlMe  the  tigalag  tf  the  ttttawit,  ooanM  ttaa 
the  act  or  tapataahtfoa,  aiftlol  thatt  ba  Made  of  At 
decUmdon  aade  by  Mm  dmnof;  withoat  Im  btlag 
ntocaaary,  fai  that  eaia,  to  latwaii  tht  tatobii  af  wit- 


Thotowho  kuMrant  haaror  M«  not  aUe  w-wriit. 
and  thote  who  haatr  aot  hoar  or  at*  not  abiatoilgB 
diair  namet,  aMnat  toaht  dltpatllluut  h  the  fetai  oToia 
anrtde  ariU. 

If  any  one  of  the  aliuiMM  to  tha  act  of  tuptnctip. 
Hob  toow  aot  how  to  tip,  eappan  iMBtion  ehoD  be 


lBal( 


die  act 


bydtaMStorhia 
eailialy  writtta, 


{.••ad^ 


5e  tignad  by  at  Itatt  two 

"It  dmt  lAloh  it  written 

•^Vha.. 

■My  be 


__j<tf|Mid%tiatmBdardM 

attiM.    It  It'ndifan  w  im  Mbtr  iMtai,  iutd  HMy  be 

■Mdt  OHrakert,  evaa  OM  of  the  Siaia. 
It  taSott,  for  dM  validity  of  a  Mttt 

valid  aadoraay  oaa  of  tha  fMva  pn 

howavardiihiiiritttatoybelBthafcm 

ttywr  oMty  haviiliiiiiadi  i  toiyhe  It, 

otkerStoM  or  TanLriet  oTSo  ISSarStJi'lakc 
i&et  la  ddiJhMt  tf  they  U4MM«itliia1ia  br- 


other 

eflect         

mahtiit  prorwilhad  fcr' Aa' 
where  they  hava  baea 

arjk  i»*-i«lo.    J4d.  oMt.  a)i«Him.    MM.  mm 


«r«itii,*idteiitcr 


"yt.'iii 


iiMlnii,  or  avaai  hy  am  of  ih* 
livt  KiiiwMaa  rMbilM  In  ih* 
•othrwl,  or  at  tnnn  «1iiimk< 
.  Or  it  will  ralior  tf,  la  th« 
btr  of  wlfim.  ih*  MMainr 
ik'h  ha  has  wiltiM  .il*  mm*- 
wrlMM  ent  mf  ikdr  pnacncr, 
I  yapar  coniaini  hli  Ih«  will. 
ml  muM  b*  riad  bjr  iha  fu»- 
>y  'MM  of  iIm  aHli'iiwM  lo  th« 
t  tdiMor :  It  muM  ba  tlgncd 
ft  how,  or  ia  aMa  nt  tign,  and 
M  iwe  of  tkan,  In  caia  ih* 
|a,  tad  rtraaa  of  titc  vtawuo 
I  miwi  a>a  tMr  aiafli. 
a  for  Iha  vatU^  '  af  auncupa- 
*M  alipiaiwa,  ^Iha  Mauaicni 
at  ikraa  wiMaMaa  laaMlna  in 
uaaal  b  laoaivad,  ar  of  Rv« 
that  alaoa.  ptovidad  a  giaawr 

Mat  kymthUc  Mt  aiait  U 
bile  la  Iha  iiiaaaiwa  af  ihtea 
plaaa  wiiaia  ika  will  la  »»*■ 
mt  natdlog  In  tka  piaaa. 
I  diciatad  by  iha  laaiaMir,  and 
l»dlcta*ad: 
I  tba  tatator,  la  pwaaaoa  o( 

•  of  Iha  whola,  ebaarvlag  thai 
bt  MMUiad  at  ona  iIbm,  wiih- 
Mit  lumlnf  aalda  lo  oihar  acts, 
algnad  by  iha  laaiaior :  if  ht 
:  how,  or  i*  not  able  to  sign, 
daiatien,  aa  alM  of  iha  cauw 
ling,  mmn  ba  aada  In  tha  act. 
<giad  by  tha  witnaiaii,  or  at 
I,  If  tha  othaia  canaot  wilu.i 
MMnaot,  la  nada  la  tha  fol- 
Dr  Wtttu  ulipit  hia  dltpoaidona, 
■  hInwalCor  haa  caaaad  tha« 


Mr  or  in  mk  aU*  w-wriia, 

how  or  am  Mt  aMaloilgn 

Ihf  MlUunate  tha  (brm  cfOn 


HN  M  dia  act  of  aupatiote- 
m,  axjMia  aMMlon  rhaO  Sa 


Hbt  tignad  bf  at  taMinro 

wM  *  dMt  iMdi  la  Mrftlan 

t«|Mr%«  «ta  iMdaTiha 
•a  MMr  1m«.  Hrf  Mqr  be 
iflhaStaia. 

■a  lamH  piPMniaaQ  BV  lawi 
I  la  Iha  fem  iMWt  «l(Mt  dM 
iMautkali.  I 


CONVEYANCES. 


m 


aaa  dtapoaMona,  ar  tha  papar 

•  Itlhna  cloaadandiaaladla 
llMMaiB,  ar  ha  Aall  aauaa  It 
lialrpfaiiiiea.  Than  ha  shall 
»t  pwfita  of  iha  wimaim, 
la  tiiiaauiil  writita  byhtn- 
Uraedon,  nad  siiRad  ^  hbn. 
ihaH  dM*  dnar  np  tha  act  of 
I  ha  wriMaa  oa  tlwt  nraar,  or 
■a  lii  ■mlowa.  ana  thm  act 

MMT.^byl^i 


bed  dwn  ba  6aM  vIdMat  bi- 
a  to  othar  actii  and  InoMo 
any  hhdraaea  Aat  haa  hap- 
f  tha  tiiiiniwt,  eannei  riga 
■MiMioftahaiihaaMdaarlia 
wiihow  to  haiag 
Aaawihtrafwit- 


Tha  fcfM  rf  faraign  wifla  la    ragublad  by  law  of 
aomicil. 

.1.^^.?^"*?  •'  '•^™'  ••"Ployad  In  armlaa  In 
Iha  AoM,  or  In  a  military  aapadltlon,  may  ba  r« 
calvad  by  a  commlaalonad  oAcar,  In  praaanca  of  two 
wltaaaaaa.  If  thataauior  la  aick  or  woundad  ihay  may 
ba  rac^vad  by  iha  phyalclaa  or  aurgaon  alumlluK  him, 
•aalaiad  by  two  wlmaaaaa.  Thaaa  laaiamanin  ari  sub- 
)aet  In  no  othar  fomallliaa  thaa  that  of  b«liig  r«liic«<l 
10  wrldag,  nod  baing  algnad  by  tha  laauiur.Tf  h.  t«n 
writa,  bydM  parao.)  racalving  tham,  and  by  ih«  wli- 
natiaa.  Thataatamant  mada  In  ihU  U,rm  •hill  h«  null 
in  »la  Monna  aAar  iha  ratom  of  tha  laniatnr  lu  a  placa 
whara  ha  haa  aa  opportunity  to  aiaploy  iha  ordin,.ry 
rama. 

ToatamonM  mado  during  9  iroynga  at  ata  may 
ba  racalvad  by  |ha  captain  or  aMatar/Tn  praaanca  of 


Ihraa  wliaaaaaa,  takan  by  prafcranca  (h>m  among  tha 
paiaanmni  la  datiwll  of  pataangara,  from  among  tha 
now.  Tha  Matamant  mada  at  aaa  can  contain  m  dlipo- 
•llion  In  faror  of  any  poraon  amnloyad  on  board  iha 
vataal,  unlaaa  ihay  ba  raitiloaa  of  tha  taautor.  Thit 
tcamiMnt  la  tuMaet  to  tha  »ama  formalitlaa  aa  tha  pro- 
cading  ona,  aad  no  othara,  and  la  not  ralld  unlaaa  tha 
latwor  dloa  at  aaa,  or  within  thraa  moniha  afkar  ba  haa 
laadrd,  In  a  plaoa  whara  ha  la  abia  lo  maka  It  In  tha 
ordlaary  fimna.! 

Holra.  Aacandanu  and  daacandanta  ain  eallad  forcad 
nalia,  bacawa  rtiay  eaanot  be  daprlvod  of  a  caitaln  por- 
tion of  the  aoMia  of  Ihalr  aacandanta  or  daacandanta. 
Tho  nordpa  of  whkh  thay  cannot  ihua  ba  deprived  't 
^W  their  higiHmt,  aad  diat  portion  of  Ma  aauia  of 
which  Uta  latuior  may  dlapoae  la  called  die  diapoatiMa 
portion. 

I  ^'^t**^??!.  """.  W"""^"!  penoaa  are  abaohilely 
UxaaaUe  of  baiaa  wlmaaaaa  to  taaumania : 

I.  Women  of  what  age  aoaver. 

a,  Malaa  who  hare  not  attained  die  age  of  alitaen 
yaaia  complete, 

3.  persona  Inaana,  deaf,  dumb,  or  blind. 
J*   iS?"  'I^'5  '^^  criminal  lawa  declara  hicapabk' 
or  eatroMnc  «<♦"  mnctlona^ 

5-  Feijooa  who  are  oonaAtated  heha  or  aaaad  laga- 
taet,  tinder  whataoerer  tide  It  nwy  be.  Myado  tota- 
■eala  are  eaoeptad  from  ihh  provMoa. 

See  OiMinAL  ruain.  hehnr. 

JiAIlfB. 

See  ten,  ahovo,  and  WarrrBM  Willo,  «tc.,  below. 
VnwHMm  vr  N«nivit|Mi«lv«  WIN*.  Btc. 

Mutt  be  reduced  10  writing  within  tw  daya,  or  ii  can- 
not be  proved  after  •■■  moniha.  and  cannot  diapota  of 
mora  than  ona  hundred  dollant,  wiih  but  three  wit 
nquettad  10  ba  wch. 


orhy  laiiaa  oaa  la  Mt  preaeMa,  or  by  hia  aaproa  dircc- 


JWpwt    Bat  test.  ahwa. 
A»Ma    Saa  ALTtaAtKm,  wc.,  ahova. 
.^W^*"*  "*»  ha  by  tha  tattator,  or  hy  ao«»a  per> 

^nUm&tM^    TaHaa  naaltllMM  irlimttti  ■»"**  1^ 
P*itaM«t  asactakw  tf  a  wn  aadoraat  aU  wiiatiiikM- 
tuia  ef  MtftMr.  aadm,«tawa  at  each^diatT^^ 
Saa  Ommbu.  ttmm,  hriow. 


I  S« teat, ikova, aad WiimiwWiua. rtc., below. 
I  Ajpi  aad  atod.     Ml  Mraoat  auit  ba.7mala. 

!SL2£n!2E?25S  «V««««««W.iu»d  eavabt*  of 
eMMhy  a  wild  datd  orooMcaet,  la  ordtr  MmSa  a 


or  by  Man  oatlh  fek  yrMtawi,  or  by  bi«  «i|Mta  dlrsc! 


doa,arbyaaaw;»a  oroMKJI.  otMhar  «Sdi«,  didy 
eatnaw  OT  fMvila. 


Kaaeution  mual  b«  m  wriiing  duly  algnad  i.id  ai- 
laalad. 

■•robato  or  proof.     .See  tent,  above, 
Jnpoal.    <laa  ALrafiArioN,  arc  ,  aUiva 
Wgnature  mual  bo  '>y  ih«  laaiaior,  or  by  .om«  nih«l 

P*"""  '"  nl«  |"»«ancc,  and  l.y  hl>  a^prctt  ilira«;ii.,n 
Witnetaee.     At  i  lax  l%i)  wiinaii««  mud  aitati  and 

aub^crilic  aui  h  wnl  m  ih.'  pravncr  of  iha  tt«uiur. 
Wtlla    )f  itcroonal   properly  are  not   valid   wilhoul 

wilneeaoa. 

Hoe  OeiiaaAL  FniiMa,  below. 

UhamM'Mvtmrwn. 

^^•tllclla* 
See  leal, above, and  Wanrran  WiLba,  art:.,  below. 

WrItM*  WHIa  Ma«  VwitnMMta. 

Ago  and  mind.  Every  aeraon  of  Aid  age  and  sound 
mind  mav  dltpoee  of  hia  or  her  laal  and  personal  aalata 
by  laal  will. 

Alteration  and  rcBoal,  umc  a«  Maryland. 

A  bequaat  to  a  tubacnblni  witnaai,  or  10  iho  hut- 
ii.uxl  f.r  wih  of  such  wiinaaa,  unina  there  are  three 
■itnert,  Is  void. 

■■MMtloa  muat  be  by  writiag,  duly  algnad  aad  at- 
mied. 

''?^J*  J?'  '""»'■  *"  '•»•■  •'x>*«  A  »"'  n««de 
out  of  SM*  State,  which  might  be  proved  and  allowed 
according  lo  the  laws  of  the  Kuie  or  country  in  which 
ii  WM  atade,  mtif  be  proved,  allowed,  and  recorded  in 
this  State,  and  have  the  same  «Aot  aa  though  eaecuted 
herein,  according  10  the  laws  nf  thia  ComBMmweallh. 

Rapoal.    See  AtTanATioH,  arc.,  above. 

MgaatMro  moat  ba  by  the  teatalor  k' 
aoma  parson  In  hia  preeanoe,  and  by  hie 
don. 

WHooaaaa.    It  mutt  be  atteatai 
three  or  more  compeunt  witneaaea. 

Sea  OBNaBAL  Poann,  balaw. 

■lOHfVAS. 

tMNcHa. 

Sea  taxi,  above,  aad  Wurran  Wtiu,  arc.,  below. 
^■wHtlaii  mt  WMMMMtiiva  Wllla. 

Noncupadva  wllla  at*  vaHd  to  dltpoee  of  eawte  not 
excaealag  dwea  himdrad  doUan,  when  proved  by  two 
competent  witnestet.  Soldleis  in  actual  milliary  service, 
and  marihai*  on  ahipboard,  may  dlapoae  of  their  wagtt 
and  pertonal  atuie  by  nuncupaUve  will. 

Wrtttca  irnia  itii«  TaateasMta. 

.nga  ana  mind.    Kvery  person  of  iUll  age  and  touad 


or  by 
dirtc- 


mi 


rv   w>mw    oooaeewea  m»w^n  j    |««IWII   m   •UI4  >■■  I 

may  dispose  of  their  prope^y  by  witt. 


AltaratlOB  and  rapaal.  same  as  Mtnnetou. 
A  living  poraon  may  probaie  hit  or  her  own  will. 
Which  proDaie  U  bccraily  kept  until  after  death. 


BaccutloB. 
oAbctiul  to 


No  will  (except  It  be  nuncupative)  It 
any  estate,  real  or  personal,  unlets  It 


be  In  writing,  duly  sh|iKd  and  aitealad. 

Probata  or  proer    See  text,  above. 

Rapoal.    See  ALTaaATioN,  arc,,  above. 
I.  k^""""  •""« J*  bvtho  tttutor,or  hy  toaiapertoa 
'"AlVET"*"**'  •"*«>»  "'»  •"press  directioa. 

Wlmaaaaa.    It  must  be  .attested  and  subtcrlbed  In 
tIM  presence  of  the  teauMr,  by  two  or  mora  competciyi 

Devitcct  and  leganea  aia  hicompelenl  tubtcribing 
wiinetacs.  unlets  there. aratwooiher  wiinesset  who »re 
$ca  Gbnbkm.  PoRSia,  below. 


*ilfaili' i MdiTi*^  *^!!"raa  Witxa.  mc.. betow. 

gS jTiw'la aaiiia  mlMtaty  tat^Siaadmariaeta while 
atoaama*  taiiwtaaaaaapativa  wlUt. 

AfaaMMI  naiad.  Bvary  pertoo  of  hiU mo  and  tound 
B'TSKAr't  "3^  J**  Pwtonal  property  by  will. 
Mo  wM  ahaU  ba  oflaadva  w  neat  laai  eatata  tiniest 

bnmlag,  cancel- 

-  Itetatorhhaaelf, 

■,  aia  aapteaa  dlrcc- 

o*arwridi«,didy 

l-ClvttCoda,An».i»pi.ifc4.    ««adt^JAit.n. 


y\f: 


414.V^J.0»..^»», 


If* 


CONVEY  AfCKS. 


■■•••tiMi  mMl  b*  la  writlnc.  My  «lgM4  ami  «t- 

MXwi. 

Probata  ar  proof.  8m  i<»i,  •ban  WImu  tnKuinl 
•iCDrilliia  ui  lh«  Uwt  of  ihl*  Si*M  lh«y  ma*,  In  lh«  Ai  -i 
>ii<),iiica  b*  iirubaMd  hna.  Il  U  noi  utilad  thai  wilU 
I  Mcuitd  •ccurding  U)  iha  U<>»  of  aaatkariMMor  tuun- 
irv  iin.iurUUy  vuiitag  la  giaaral  muUlm)  caa  b«  law- 
fullr  ptuir*d  *nd  alioirad  aaia. 

Ifapaal.    Smm  ALnmAHom,  wrt . ,  tharr*. 

tlgnalura  muM  b*  al  Um  aad  iharaof,  by  iha  iMiaiDr 
hlintuir,  ur  by  aoaM  panoa  la  Ua  praaaaoa,  aad  by  kit 
>iir*>  liiiii 

Wtlnaaaaa.    Ii  imM  ba  allaa«rf  aad  tubacrtbad  la 
Al  ^  piaMnui  b*  two  or  aMra  conipauni  wtiaaaaaa. 
■anaAcUfMa  ara  ■•M  compaMal  wlioaaaaat 

■iMnMim. 

Saa  tell,  aboTO,  aadWamwi  Will*,  aic,  balow. 

mrtumm  Wills 

Ar«  aM  mint.  Aay  panoa  iwMiiy-oaa  jtaan  of 
nt*.  aad  or  aoiaad  aM,  nay  avln  a  laat  will. 

licit  royii 

xiBia  oaa  ia  Mi  praaaoaa,  or  »y  Mi  aannaa  dtr 
by  a  aaw  mOl  or  oodkll,  at  othar  vriilag,  duly  axacuUtl 
o>  jtrovad. 
BaoBMiMi  amai  bo  bi  wrWag,  duly  aiaMrf  aad 
DO  Wail). 
•roof.    Baal  •  — 

laaoarv  eour 

ihata  laaaidtd 


id  or  aoiaad  alad,  auqr  awka  a  laai  will. 
r*tto«  aad  rapa«l  auy  ba  by  bumina,  cancalllna , 
riaa,  or  owiMradag  by  iha  laauior  hlauair,  or  by 
aa la  bla  praaaaoa,  or  by  bit  aaoraaa  dttacuoa,  or 


inud  (aacapl  Ibr  aHBcui 
rrcbata  ar         '    ' 
provaala 


oapl  nr  aHBcuBaiiva  mOm). 

a  ar  praof.    Baa  u«l,  abova.    Tkay  imm  ba 

^a  cliaaoary  court  of  iba  prapor  eouMy,  aad 

Rapaat    Saa  AiTaaATioM,  arc  ,  abave. 

■igiMtwa  muai  ba  by  the  tatatar,  er  aone  p<f«e«  la 
Ma  praaaaca,  aad  bv  hw  aaprma  dliaeUaa. 

WHaaaaaa.  Two  witaaaaaa  aia  nacaaaanr  wkaa 
laaiit  ata  davnad,  aad  two  alM  ara  aaeiaaary  wfeM  par> 
aoaalty  la  baqiiaatbad> 

If  ikt  wUI  ba  whoMy  trritlan  aad  tigaad  by  tka  tMalar 
ao  wtiaHMi  ara  la^wiad. 

laa  Obnwai.  Foaiit.  botov. 

Sm  laat  abe«a.  aad  VarmiiWiLU,  nc..  balaw. 
^  Wriu«a  wnia  mMI  Tffi— to. 

Afa  and  m     ~        ' 


MlMtf.  _  AH  laalw  oiar  twasiy,-<Hw  yaan 

luaaih 


•r  aia,  aad  of  aouad  aiiad,  aiay  davlaa  raal  pnpart 
P*nom  ov«r  ih«  aga  of  aightaaa  yaara  auy  baquaa 
paraonahy,  anH  fcmalta  nay  biaaiilb  raaky  ako. 

*'*~-*' ■*  — imt'-rTirirr  tniraiat.  faar  alllBa. 

daairoylna,  or  obUiaialiat  by  Iha  laaiaiarhUaarif,  or  by 
tooM  ooa la  bia  praaaaea,  orlw  hit  anriM  diiaciloa,  or 
by  a  now  will  or  codicil,  or  othar  wrMag.  duly  caacmad 
orprovad. 

Ctif<aa»ord>warra— otbaatbetad  bywIUualcat 
accoptad  by  aoB.«^)actiaa  af  ika  pravlaiom  of  ika  will 


in  that  rctpaei 
B«M«tWB 


;i,  ale. 


«  miat  ba  by  wtMef .  duly  aipMd  aad  at- 
Uitad.  Wma  of  non-raaidcMa  mat  baamcMad accord- 
ipato  iha  bwa  of  iMt  Slata  to  ba  aActual  kin. 

Probata  OT  proofc    Saa  tan,  abava. 

Rapaal.    Saa  ALrnanaM,  nc.,  abom 

jMf  Mtura  Biuft  ba  l»  ilka  iMaiar. 

witaaaaaa.    ItaHiiibaaiuMidatiha 

'  HNOi. 

OMMtM.  rowm.  I 
i.aadwiimwwt 


Saa  OMMtM.  rowm.  btlew. 


Saaiaai,abeva, 

VmwpIMmi 

May  ba  aiada  by  a 
aaaatiaaral 
WHtlMi 


v«  Wllta 


a  by  a  •oUkr  wUla  ia  acinal  aarvfea,  or  by 

laa. 


Am  and  mind.  Pttyaa  ow  alglnaaB  aad  af  aeaad 
Cr  uTIIil   *""**  VfVnf,  loal  aad  paiaaaal, 

Alteratleb  wid  raM«l  aay  ba  ^  buratag.  eaneol- 
fcof,  doaifoyiag,  or  obiMBtiag  by  Iha  taataiorklaiiaU;, 
or  by  toma  oMia  bb  ptoaaaoa,  or  by  hia  aapiaa  dine- 
tioii.orbyaaawwaar  oodicil,er  aidMr  wrkte,  duly 
waemod  ar  ptoaad. 


— . —  — J  ba  lai  writtag^  dolyainad  aad  at* 

t«tad,aad  tritaaaabd  b*  ttre  witaMaM  alo  bnm  aigB 
thair  naaaa  aad  writa  thair  Bbwaa  of  laoidaaaa,  la  oEa 
pfoaanee  «f  taatator  and  of  aach  eikar,  aad  at  Ui  laqfoa*. 

ProbalaorpraaC    8a«  laai,  abeaa. 


Napaal.     Haa  Ai.Taa*TMiH,  orr., 

■tgnalura  muiiba  »  ih*  tiiitih>r«<>(.  byihaiMtaii.f 
or  liy  .oma  |wr»«n  In  hl>  pnxnca,  and  by  hia  »|»ii« 
lilracdofl. 

iiaa  UaNaaAk  KuaMa,  balow, 

mkhhanka. 

Vu  I  taa  WiLU,  arc.,  bolew, 
I'Mtrrltlaa  fr  llaii«M|MUIir«  Will* 

Hi  Bar  aubigaiit  auiuiuiy  lagulailom. 


■•ata.* 


Ara  aUowad,  bUi 

Wrlllan  Wllta  Mi«l  Ta«laMa*i 

Ago  aad  mind.  Pcitaat  uf  Aill  aga  aad  aauad  wtimi 
may  daviaa  by  laal  wUi. 

Aitaration  aad  rapaal  "I'ly  ba  by  burning,  caaul- 
II'  K.  ilfMruylng.  or  obliwr.iimn  by  iha  laiuiur  hiaiwir, 
IT  liy  »oin<  una  In  kit  pr<;.»ii>.u,  or  by  Kla  anpraaa  dirtc- 
II. >n,  Of  by  a  n«w  will  or  cudicil,  or  othar  wntii^,  duly 
cKiCiiitiil  ur  pruvad. 

Eaaculion  mum  ba  la  wrilii^  duly  lignad  aad  ai- 
Imud 

Probata  or  proof.  All  willa,  duly  provad  aad  al- 
l.>wi:il  In  .iny  uf  iha  Unliad  Siaiaa.  or  oay  luraign  coua. 
iry.  iicci  r.liiig  la  iha  Uw«  iharaof,  oiay  aa  adialitad  to 
proMia  hara. 

Rapanl.    Baa  ALTBa*TioM,  aTC.aboTa. 

Sigaatura  rauat  ba  by  iha  laauior,  or  by  aooM  oaa  la 
his  prataaca,  and  by  hh  aapraaa  diraciraa. 

Witnoaaaa.  Il  nuai  ba  allaalod  and  aubacrlbad  la 
Iha  Mouior't  pnaaaca  by  two  or  nora  ooapalaat  wit- 

Saa  OaMaaAl,  f  oatti,  balow. 
M1IIJA9A. 

S«a  loai, aboai, iad  WiuTTiMVriLU, arc., balow 
rawrlltMi  Mr  ■■«•« 

No  auncupaiiva  will  la  aalM  wl „„_ 

ona  ihouaoad  dollai*  la  valua,  nor  aoiaaa  provad  if  two 
wliaaaaoa  wtthia  thfoa  BMialhi  aAar  iho  totttaaaiaiy 
wutdi  wora  tpohoa. 

WrUMa  Wllto  Mi4  VmImmmM. 

Aga  aad  wind,  tvdry  pai 
of  aga,  aad  of  tound  aUnd,  au 
proparty  bv  win,  tali|ocl  to  iho  ,-,-._  -  ..—». 

Altaratioa  aad  ripaal  aay  baby  buraii^caaeal- 
ling,  dattroying,  or  oblliaraiing by  ibo  taatalorhiaaalf, 
or  by  aoaa  oaa  in  hia  praaoaca,  or  by  bit  aipaaM  Srac- 
iion,  or  by  a  now  will  or  codidl.  or  othar  wtttba,  didy 
axacvtad  or  provad. 

«Meatea  auM  ba  ia  wiitiag  (aaeopt  aaaaipailva), 
dujr  tigaad  aad  aiMMcd. 

HMttod  wpnaa  r«niira  Dm  coaooat  «f  ihdr  hut- 
baadi  anaaxad  to  iha  will. 

Probata  or  proof.    Saa  Mat,  abova. 

Rapaat    SaaAi.TmAnoH.atc..aka«a. 

Sigaatara  aad  aaal  «««t  ba  by  Aa  tauator  ar  loaa 
other  poraoa  la  hn  piaiii.  aad  by  hia  diractiaa. 

Witaaaaaa.    It  autt  ba  Miatiad  by  two  wapatt 
wituitaaa  la  the  pnitaii  of  dig  aatatoc. 
Soi  OamnAi.  Poaiti,  balow. 


IMtIV*  WlllN. 

lEara  tha  aataio  racooda 


paraoa  ovor  ai^Maa  yaaia 
Buy  diapoaa  M  hU  or  bar 
■  paynMM  of  dabta. 


WW  MSfyHMMWi 


aadWafrrattW 


'•mm  Witu,  nrc.,  M«p. 


oxaeuKsd  or  pro*ad. 
BMcatloa  bum  ba  ia  wrW^doly 


Pi«bato«rpra»i:   Saa  tnst,  abova. 


lira  jui 
.ind  n« 


h*  tnil  iK<rwf.  by  lit*  tanMinr 
|>ftuiK.a,  ■M  by  bu  Mpux 


OONVEYANCIS. 


RANKA. 
tlrlta. 

u  I  tui  Wikui,  arc.,  Mow. 

ftagtM  (utuiuiy  ragulatlam 

MMl  T«MUlMMNta.k 

m  u(  ftiU  m«  aarf  immMI  mimi 

1  mny  ba  |>y  burning,  raactl. 
'Miiif  by  tiM  miatuf  hImuM, 
'•■iiii,  ur  by  hu  •> prM*  lUm:. 
mIiciI.  or  oihaf  writing,  4uly 

wriliag.  dttly  it^Md  mmI  m- 

il  •ilh,  duly  provwl  md  ■!- 

1  HUU(.  or  any  lurtlgn  coua. 

ih«n«f,  ouy  M  adialitad  to 

10M,  BTc.,  aba**. 

h«  MUlor,  or  by  MaM  OM  la 

iprtM  diraciion. 

•  MlMMd  and  lubMribad  ia 

1*0  or  Mora  eoa^^Maat  •h* 

.  f  emu,  boloo. 
TABA. 

nWi 


■■MMMIv*  WHIM. 

alM  wKito  iJm  mum  •■coada 
lut.Bor  twlaaa  provad  by  two 

MMM  aAflv  iIm  MMaaMNMaiT 


MMl  l^iMBcaia, 
y  panoa  ov«r  aMiioaa  ytan 
i,  BuydiapaaaofbU  or  hu 
>  am  paymcM  oT  dab«i. 
1  auiy  bt  by  buraii^caaeal- 
"lagbyibo  taaiawrhuaaalf, 
raea,  or  by  bit  aapfaH  (Brac- 
odldl,  or  ethor  vrtllag,  duly 

niUagiwcayt  ■nawpailyo), 

rt  iha  coM«M  of  ikifer  Ihm- 


low.  nc..  ab***. 
iM  M  b*  dM  tMiMor  art 
a,  aa4  by  Ma  iintHm. 
I  auaaiai  by  law  coaiaaMat 


iMteMlv*  Wlitadt 

powT •uMa  M«  aaeMlliag 


-  JbSbraUa i 

win  BMM  ba  ladaead  w  wrih 
fer  pwibaw  arlikia 


^i~jHt«* 

of  iho  a*t  or  iw«M«-ona 
omcMa  a  •ill. 
I  fay  ba  by  bnmiag.  eaacai- 
uiif  by  Iha  Huaiiiililaiialf, 
MM.  or  by  bia  aapnU  dine- 
>dicil,Qt  atlNt«itiii«,4uly 


*riU«c«iljri 
''Wt.akava. 


■•yaal-    i**  AiTaaATioH.  arc  ,  abevo. 
•IgMlura  and  loal  mnitU  by  tb*  taauior,  or  by 

•.IBM ptnon  III  hla  |>rM«m«.  iml  hj  hU  •apmt  illrartlan 
Wilnoaaaa.    Ii  Bum  U  4ii»(«.l  <n<t  •uU<.ttb«<l  In  itM 

outer'*  pr«Mn(«  by  ihtrr  „t  muia  >.i«Hlhla  wlinMaaa. 
I.igalaaa  or  rabiina  ou«hi  hm  to  b*  witnwaaa. 
■aa  UanaaAi  ^'oaM*,  aalow. 

■BW  JBBasT. 
4'MllallM, 

^^rlltM  Wllto  •■«  TwlMMMItlt. 

Ago  and  iMlM.  Any  paraoa  Ivomy-aw  yaaia  af 
•g..  not  aa  kHa«  buMlk,  or  el  aoMMa  aiaaMry,  aiay 
nwka  a  vaUd  artll ;  but  marritd  woam  taaaot  alhci 
ihrlf  huabaadi'  aatalaa.  A  ailnor  auy  maba  a  will  ap- 
iwlniing  guardian  tot  lafeni  child. 

^.'•f'.^'".*"  •■^  'apoal.  WlUa  may !«,  .Iwrtd  or  r^^ 
iwaW  by  bumlag,  owcallailoii,  daalroying  urobllMral- 
1.  i  by  l«uicr  blwaair,  or  by  kmm  ana  In  klapr««inco,  or 
bif  hi.  amraaa  dinwtloa,  or  by  a  new  will,  c«nrll,  or  otiiar 
wr.ilag.  duly  HacutaH  and  prowad  aa  wiila  ar«  pmail 

K"^*^  -/r**!"  •'"•  ■•»«  •*  •"•«M«I  according  lo 

-!^'^?S:.  -^-*r'''**.**''  ""T  ^  pnwwl  la  >o  day* 
•nd  a  verbal  will  (BM  day*,  alWr  death  efuaiaior 
.utnatara  mad  AmI  buu  >»  k.  ■...».. 

(by    - 

daclara 

piaaance 

ihe d«e,  whoamat iiibaoHba ibilr naBee'th^mi'S^T: 
i»a.«*  la  Iba  pfuraca  of  the  taatatot  and  ai  hla  raqueat. 

lor 


ind  a  verbal  wlO  (■  m  day*,  albar  death  ef  Ma 
•IfMtara  sad  BmI  mat  ba  by  Maiaior'*  ».«  ,mm» 

•-  '--I  Ibo  »m  aad  algMMia  loSa  ble  bMi  wlU  la  ibo 

M  of  two  wltaaaaaa  (tfaae  la  wrbal  will),  praaaw  a« 

0,  whoanMt  wiMarJba tbab aaaie*  thereto 

,il-,     •*•  »•*•««» "I «!»•  taatatoe  aad  al  bis  n 

i  ^""^  P   lyw  ■«lBf  aa  wiiaaaaaa  vol. 

8aa  OaaBBAi.  roaiaa,  balvK 


lot  MM, abovo.  aad  WMTnDrwii.u,  arc.,  balov. 


.all 

,'i 


Verbal  Wit  iMMlla  we^Vl^wllnaaaaa,  two  oT 
a-hnm  miHl  twaar  thai  Iba  Mttator  waa,  at  tho  time  of 
"uk  mg  hit  win.  ra  pottoMloa  of  a  louud  ailad  and  en.^ 
«rt  ludgaMM.  Tka  witaftaaa  auM  aB  H  praaaat,  tee, 
ind  hear  tba  latlater  waak.  aad  aach  ,i!  avcry  one  a/ 
ihitm  DiuH  ubdMlaad  cUady  aad  d  vw  every  part 
if  the  will. 

WHMMi  Wim  MMl  TvMw  .Mita. 

^i^S**^'V^  r«Meaofatth«rtasaiayaMbaa 
idwUl.ue«liago^i  iTMalaattMlarfcunaaoyean 
jg«  aMltaMlaa  iiBd«rt«rai«a.    a.  lataaaparMmaMl 

tf  !!?.■•■.•'  "Bfrt  r^  ••«''«  «•«  eoSdltloa.  j. 
I'roditdi  imUMtad  yMadailalatrailoa  af  tkeir  attala 
•yacMnofeoMaiaatJafMkilaa.    a.  Oaafaadihimb 

rpeelaUy  !!M»tfoa<a|li  la  a  tabaaqMiat  yM,  aad  Jthw 
"*"'■>.»  oy  'M*  ff X««M»i«  fM  »•  would  have 

sigMMtaaMMtbaWdktMBMiari  or.tfhabaaabh 
jo  w3H,ha  aay  raqinMiaaw  lallaUi  pmaJie  jpTSr 


Tweor  atotoabieaadqaaUiad  «!*■ 

•oa^tMtBt  ia  a  coart  of  fatw.  aia  aa 

Saa  OaiinuL  VMUia,  Mmt. 


I  WairraM  Wata, 


SaaMM.abo*a,aBd 

Wrf  MMi  Winn  •■«  OadtallB. 

AgaaadmlMT   AUaanoaa  ofiCraM  «d 

mind  owy  axacaia  a  valid  wW.  Malaa  oaa  baqotaih 
pcnoaat  ptopaity  al  eighMaa ;  femalat  at  (imaaT 

AltanilMt  and  rapaal,  laoM  aa  Nov  Janay,  above 


No 


BMaaUea.    In'imiiBg,  duly  ilgnad'aBd  a'ttated! 
to  a  charitabte  or  lalwioua  corporation  by 


Mehavwc  a  buiband,  wifc.  d^,  or  par^l,  i*  valiG 
10  tba  aalMt  of  aiora  ihaa  oaa-h^  tba  clear  aatau,  nor 
10  Iha  aataat  af  MM  tbaa  oaa.<)uar«v  tho  dear  cttaM, 
aataataada  at  laaattwo^anatha  baCore  death. 

AwbMa  «r  fraef.    Sea  teat,  above. 

MOMMM  and  wHoaaaaa.  It  nutt  be  lubacribed 
at  lli  «d  ilMMa(  aad  aiatt  ba  intMaribad  by  tba  Miu- 


tor  In  the  preeawM  of  al  leaat  two  competoni  wlineaeee  i 
■ir  II  miiai  he  wlinoapledged  Ii  aa>:h  uf  auch  aiieaillM 
wiiiM,..,.  ,„  lu  nich  uf  ihem  aa  ware  ium  praaani  a<  llS 
mikiiig  u  tiKh  aubacrlption,  hy  the  MMalur,  to  have 
n««n  tu  made 

1  he  leetalor.  at  the  ilma  uf  making  >uch  tubacripdoa. 
"'»!'  S!*  ."."•  i"'  •'■knooledglng  iha  aaoM,  or  bMhTir 
•ubacribed  In  the  praaeaca  of  ona,  aad  acknowladgad 
anartubacHptInn  to  the  other,  muai  il«:l4u«  In  the  pre*. 
•"*•  «  each  wliiwM  that  the  Inainunem  la  hie  wiU. 

Lach  uf  the  i«.i  aiieailiig  wUnaaeaa  aiual  aign  hit 
nam.  a.  .  wiineat  al  ih«  .nd  of  ih«  will,  at  Ihe  reoueal 

bl  IddidT"'  *"  "•"'•'*•  "^  •*•  •*«"««^  »»»«l<* 

•oa  Oannui.  roaita,  below. 

See  tail,  above,  and  Wnittbm  Witta,  arc.,  below. 
I'ltwrlltoN  Ar  Na«««|Mtlv«  Wllla. 

NHmM|.«il¥e  will*  may  be  made  Juring  iha  irtuior't 
••I  aickticaa.  In  hit  own  habluiluii,  or  where  he  had 
l)««n  pravliiualy  realdeni  for  al  lean  >en  dayt,  unleet  he 
jllatl  on  e  journey,  or  from  home.  They  mual  be  mad* 
In  Ihe  pretence  uf  al  laatl  two  credible  wlineatee  who 


mint  aiaie  ihai  they  were  eepecblly  r«|uired'lo'bmr 
"■ The  etuMiliapoaad  of  caonol UwAdly 


wilneta  ihertlu       ..,.  „„„  •..apoae 
eacceil  iwo  hundred  dollar*  la  value 


I  <  annul  be  proved  after  tin  BKmiha  from  the  mahlaa. 
unlaaa  it  waa  put  In  writing  wiihbi  ten  day*  from  -^- 
InK,  nor  until  wrtice  ha*  been  glvei  to  tlia  widow  a^ 
noat  uf  kin  to  coaiatt  It  If  they  ihlak  proper 


WrIltoN  WIllM  aad  TM«jMi«aig.a 

An  and  mind.    All  panoni  ofManud  immd 
InJ  may  eaoeuie  a  vdid  wUl.  ^^ 

AlftaauK*!^^     KaB.J     _... a k  ■  ■ 


min 
li 


rvaaiaa    ntmj    «««««■■«   ■    wWHQ    Will. 

Alttratioa  and  rajpaal  atay  ba  by  bumiag,  cauoai. 
ina,  deiiroylBg,  or  obfluratlng  by  iha  Marator  hlaHair. 
«  by  (oma  ona  la  bla  praaance.  or  by  bta  aapreaa  diraa' 
lion,  or  by  a  naw  wUl  or  oodb^.  or  Mhar  wHilag.  duly 
executed  or  proved.  ^'       ' 

BaMutton  mutt  be  ia  enitlng.  duly  alkned  aad  at- 
uiied.  Wi:u  made  out  of  thk  6taH,  waveylarraai 
f^^^l  ''>««lB>  XM  ba  aaaeuMd  aoootdlag  to  iShwa 

Hotograph  will*  aviy  be  aMda,  but  auiti  be  writMa 
a  logelher  by  tba  tatialor'i  owa  hand,  aad  tkaed  b* 
him.  -        ^ 


Piobataaf  proof.    Sea  teat,  above. 
Rapaal.    Soa  At-TaaATioM.  arc.,  abovo. 
Uanaiura  auwl  be  by  the  Mataior. 
Mnmoaaao.     Two  or  mora  tubaeribli« 
lAcrelo  an  aaaataary. 

»m  OaaaaAi.  roans,  below. 

•■>•. 

8e«  imt.  above,  aad  Warmw  Wrxa,  aic..  bdov. 

VawHttmiar  HaMiipMav*  Wills 

Maybe  aMda  la  tba  laal  ttekaaJTSd  aia  »aikUa  to 
perional  property  if  iwiucod  to  writli«  and  mbaerib.-d 
by  twocoMpauat.  dhlBMiaaMd  wtMaaaa.  whhto  iji 
day*  after  tha  apeaUag  of  the  MMawtatary  wmST 

^  WrIMca  WUto  mMI  "V^UunMita. 

^•ndmini.  Aay  ptriMi  ontSn^TaadViuad 
■lad  aad  BMmory  aiay  ojiccum  a  valid  wlB. 

AHaratlon  and  rtaaal  amy  be  by  biiniii«.  cancel. 
linf,  dettroylng,  or  pUtienliiw  by  tba  •eaiamVhatS'. 
or  by  tone  onTla  bit  pieaaaee.  »•  by  bla  eapreae  Sne^ 
tioB,  or  by  a  now  win  w  oadlcb,  or%£»  i^iSm.  d£ 
•aacuted  or  provad.  ^^      ' 

■aaeution  atuai  be  la  wridag,  duly  dned  aad 
S?Jr*;ii  AV«^"««*IMrMi  uxiSktlSa^aL^. 

i^rii'  «»»^«««>ltS«»P«ae  are  void.  wiImi  the  wi:,  be 
exeouMd  one  TMrbtaM* the doMaae 'of  tho  tetlMor.' 

Probata  or  pftoof.  See  r.  it.  above.  Ifnopenon 
iniere.i«d  thaB.  withia  two  year*  after  otobate,  appnr 
and  conieat  the  wlB,  tba  probaM  k  ^^aver  lli^, 
s.-ivi>ig  againit  the  rtahu  of  Inbata.  maniad  wom^ 
pcnont  abtent  from  the  Stata,  ale.  -«•««, 

Rapaal.    See  ALTaa*rioit.  arc.,  abova. 

Wgnatura  mutt  be  at  the  ead  thertofby  tba  letialar. 
?^  di;:^io.^  P«««  la  W.  pmeacaTiHl  by  htTS: 

iiJ^,!i!!SS!*:j  .il."2fi  *"  ?!?"•*•  •»*  •ubacribed  in 
ibe  prcteaee  of  ibe  Mttator  iqr  two  or  mom  coapelem 

••Budat  R«v.  0. 119.     «Xawa.i|y4,l«aMl,,» 


■'i 


■'"■^'HHiia.TanaMWWs* 


OONVBVANCIS. 


*«• 


». 

WvltMN 

!•  MM  Mil 


I  tll«  ••«« 
)!••  UanaaAi.  F»aM«,  Mm*. 

*IMI.  KTWy  MfVMi  iVMHyoM  fwn  •( 
■««  ■Md  unar4i,  of  ta«MM  mIiiH,  ■««  •■•««•  •  will 
•l««Wflg  tM  bl(  MMM,  M*«iif  lo  tM  *Mo«  tw?  iatnt 

trtry  ftnam  tflltm  i0i  M  •Mmotb  fmn  auy  lik. 
IMM  of  Ml  hi*  pana»»l  »»f  >ny_l>  wfl|. 

Altwalla*  AM  r^fft 
Una,  ilMlr.YlHC  or 
or  ky  lama  ihm  m  ' 

II  in,  or  by  ■  M 
"  <icuit<l  or  urovaa. 

BiMultMi   MM(   ht  ia  iHilm, 

M arrto^  wmsm  aay  tmtim  •  «*IM  wl>  Mli|«t>  *• 
ih*  hiMbud'a  rt(lH  M  •  MMM  by  riM  ««nMy. 

frakaw  ar  f^rMf.  Im  mm,  aWra.  Costa*  ofibo 
wIN,  vMn  My  ■■•mHA,  aad  *•  prolwii  ih«ra«f,  may 
br  rumiil  la  dw  M«a  NMHMar  m  wflb  oawviad  ami 
pr«««a  hi  Ihh  Imi*,  ajrf  vM  ba  atehMa  hi  *viii«M» 

III  th*  Haw  inaaar  aM  wldl  Mm  «Aai. 
Ropaai.    Ma  AktMAttoM,  ate.,  abava. 
■ignalyra  laiM  ba  ay  Hia  MMaMr.  or  1^  mmm  a«bar 

(wniM  In  bh  naMa«a  ant  mdm  hi*  aaarMa  dUMtlaa, 
*n4  MMk  yaraaa  *lgala|  *a  MMaiar't  aaaM  aMti  wb- 
•>»f^  Ml  «•>«  aaaM  m  a  wtmaM.  aad  MaM  thai  ha 
tubMTlbwi  «ka  •MWMi'a  aaaM  M  Ma  lafaaM.  Baa  Wit- 
Hawaa,  b«taw. 

WItMaaaaa.*  It  aiaH  ba  aWMiw*  by  rvo  or  mora 
campoiaai  wlinaatM  Mba«rlb4a|liMhr  aaaM*  la  iha  win 
(e  nf  Iha  IMMIM.  Htea  tMiratwaa,  abov*. 
I  OaiNMai.    '  * 


a>a>«,  aaa'WiiWMiWwja. 


aaliM  tha  ptnon 
*«tr«ailty  of  hli 


■anal  arnpMiy,  may  ba^atada  Vf  paiaoai  during  (Iwlr 
Ibm  aMbn<w,«t  ihairMMi  4v«Maf,  m  wkMa  liavalllM 
aad  b>4n  >Mahlag  ba*M,  aai  by  amtaaw  M  Ma,  mi 
ioUlofa  la  acMal  auUiary  Mrvka. 

fraaf  aat  ba»y  naa  wliamM,<fcM  ika  iwwaa  H«- 
(Irad  iImm  piMiai  M  BavwlMMa  mm  mmHwm  hU 
wU.      ^//^ 

■vary  wfll  mmm  ba  la  arritiaf,  « 
maklaa  riM  tMaa  It  fM««aH4  by  ik* 
laaialaluMM. 

A^aa4Mla4.    MM*  ha  of  mad  aUad,  aad  o««r 

JMMtM«i«4  rypml  y r  b«  hf  bMrnlng.  caned. 
■■A,  vMtfoyMft  M^oMlMNMnts  vy  iIm  vmimiii  nlintrlf^ 

liaa,arbya«Mv«al  *aadMl,M  ailMr  wrkin(  duly 
aaaaMadar  praaad, 

tea  Iha  dtalh  oftha  iMtalarTfc  idiiilMlli  imwmm. 

Malta,  ala.  Tha  iMUiar't  whda  tttaM  In  «Ka  pram- 
ItM  atfliiad  paMM  wkkaul  wradi  of  InhaHlanca,  ualevi 
%  apfaar  mm  Iha  wM  ihM  ha  laiaadid  la  fm  a  I«m 
atiM8> 

pvassta  at  atwa^  *S^  mm,  aaavt* 

■aailf  aeaaiiad  amr  AM  aaacMlaa  af  Iha  win  pMMi 
vllh  a  Matiail  davta*  nnlaM  a  eoatrary  laMi  ' 
«faa  Ma  faM  af  iha  wflL 

Kapaal*   8m  ALVaaaTiGnt,  aiCf,  abava 

■knMtwfa  aMM  ha  b»  Am  MMator.  ar  t 


BteaalMfa  aMM  ha  W  Am  MMator,  ar  hy  MaM  par- 
Ma  la  hb  MiMiiija,  aad  by  hk  aapnM  dirtciiaa,  M  tha 
and  thtnar.    A  marii  ia  a^pMd  alpaaiuM. 

WHaiiata.  la  ad  omm  iwa  ar  ainra  eoa^Mttat 
laM  MctMiwy.  MbmHM  ttawlH  hM  ao  rAci. 


MStf  MOTBp  MM  wnfl^MI  WlUAp  nc.  p 

AfaluliiMai.    Itary  p*w«a  rf  twaaty-oaa  yaata 
a^C  a^TtaaBd  MfaMl.  aav  S^aM  ffla^Mir 


Allot  allaa  and  raaaal  m,<y  U  by  bumlnf,  «■ 
Itaa,  ikMirnyIng,  n,  iihlliarmliif  by  tha  i«<i«|i>r  kin 
or  ay  •Aia«  oiw  In  Ht«  pf«»«n4«,  or  by  hl«  raiir^M  iluac- 


ni«i 
ni..ll 


Ibm,  ur  by  a  aaw  will  or  cndKil,  ar  oiMr  wrilhig  iliily 
■••cuad  or  pmmd 

■aaaatlaa  aHiai  b*  la  wrMng,  duly  ilfnod  (imI  at 
■Miad. 

Marrtad  waMan  caan<i«  lai|Mir  iha  righta  of  ha> 
htiaboad  u|>u«  h«r  daalb  m  Uumtu  by  iho  curuay  • 

Ihrahaw  ar  praaf.    Hm  Mat,  *bn««. 

pa«al.    ha*A«,THian««,  an:.  abu«a. 

In  bh  proMMM  a«d  by  Mnai 


or  by 


arhwdlba 


partuH 

fitiati  19 
wluwMn 


a  at  raa  HMaavr  by  m 
^aaB^Hr  v^^u  aaa  ar  aa 
baa  Ummml  rwiMa,  balow, 

Mm  MM,  ahaaa,  aadWamaM  Wiua,  ate.,  kaiu« 

WHMM  WHm  WMI  ^ladMMiMla. 

Afla  aad  Mad.    AM  pwwM  of  hiwM  aoa  aa<i  ol 

•nd  ariad  auy  aaaaaM  a  valid  win. 

AlMratlaa  aad  raaaal  auy  ba  by  baralat,  ran 
MM,  ilMiMflag,  w  aahtnMtnf  by  dM  loMatar  hlwi 
orlwMMa  MM  hi  Ma  fMa*aM,M_by  Ma  aaprtM 

^  


raaikM,  M  bv  a 
aaiiuMdM 


ranral 
iwir, 
Ji 
wriiiDf 


ba  hi 


praaaaa  at  ^99^9 • 

Rapaal.    iaa  ALT«a*ii»n.  arc  ,  abova. 

Mraatata  aMM  ba  by  iha  MMaMr. 

Witaaaaaa.    It  MaM  ba  alMaiad  aad  labaarlbtd  by 

Ouaa  M  OMM  wlHMHM. 


■aa  Mai,  abafa.tad  WMTTBa  WiLu,aTc.,  btlow. 
VmwHtmmmr  ««a«tmff«lv«  WHh. 

WuBCupadaa  wUt,  dlipoilM[  afMiai*  not  axca«llnf 
In  vahM  iwa  handind  aad  llhy  dollan,  may  ba  auwl* 
during  MM  ilihaaM,  hi  Iha  Mtutar*!  own  hablltilo*.  w 
whtM  ha  baa  baia  pi'i  i  taiii>y  fMldlag  lan  day*  ai  luii, 
OKcaM  ba  ha  iMMHid  by  aWh«.m  on  a  jouraay  lo  or 
m  banMj  aad  diM  wMimm  fmuratng. 

ill 

diyt 

III 


capatNa  wMi,  dlipMlM[  of 
la  iwa  haadiad  aad  llhy 
laM  ilthaaM,  la  iha  m*mm 
ha  baa  hMa«N¥laiiity  imIi 

ba  aa  atflvvlaad  by  aich^i 
""'■•  ■fama.  aad  mm  vMmiii  tMurnnig. 

Such  win  oMadt  ha  provad  alWr  >U  mnnih*  (torn  In 
mnklap  MdMa  4l  iMta  fM  hi  «iMi«  whhin  lan  dnyt 

anar  Iha  liiUMialMj  aiidiaBi  uinrad,  and  not II 

Iha  widow  M  aaat  arhJa  ara  atMad  M<«M«ai  iha 


h^  and  mIm4.   laatjr  «*n«i  af  Ml  agt 
Hind  arind  May  aaaeaM  a  MM  wfll. 
AlMtalMMi  tmi  raaad  May  h*  hyhmnlng, 
Nng.  dMlrajptaLOr  •  MiMraMng  by  iha  lattalnrl 
ar  by  aaf  aaala  MairMtan,  ar  ^  ht« 
lion,  or  hf  a  atw  «■  m  ewMdl,  m  Mhi 


il!« 


■.wnn«,C(a«l- 

latialnrhimirir, 
oapran  dint- 

_  ,  _ . IT  arfinng  dah 

aanniMd  at  praaad, 

•aaaaMl  aMM  ha  la  wrilhit,  duly  uignad  and  u- 
•nicd.  It  May  ha  MNlMly  wrktm  ami  abnad  by  ihr 
tt»tator,  hglhit  bandwriOag  muM  ba  provad  by  M ' 

Marriad  wdMan,  of  aga.  May  diipoM  of 


byihr 
akau 


tabaeiihiag  Mm  wdi  wliii  thdr 

lurniM,  la  Iha  pMwnw  of  iha  MMatria.* 

Prahaia  ar  ptwir.  Wilb  aMcuiad  ia  odMr  Smim, 
TarnMri*a,oir  Iha  Oiantat  afCahMdda,  BMM  ha  proMJ 
aiaMdlagM  tha  lawa  af  thia  lltaM. 

RapaMi    SMAvraaj 


Raywh    waAvTMUTMN,«ic.,riba«a. 

•IflMmM  MHM  U  hfJSjmtMar,  m  wmm  aihti 
PMMB,  h  Wa  pnaaBM  aad  hy  hia  dliactian. 

'Wmmgm.  It  Maat  ha  tllMlid  aad  whaailbad  in 
Aa  MMaMTt  ptHaaco  ^  ai  Imm  two  wi(aata%aaith«r 
''^^fl^J^  "*  'aowatid  ia  Iha  dtviM  alOa  lni> 
Mi^lMdi.    Maaa  aacauary  w  wittt  af  pttaaaaky. 

WCihft* 

Oatltadla. 

8m  Mai,  ahaaa,  and  Wan  vaa  Wiua,  mk.,  hOaw 


IM}.  S.  Ch.  lyi .    b-Cada,  I  tidi,  rt  tm. 
a4Ma.  ajil/;  Lawa.  i7|o,  SUuchI 


ftM^ 


♦Codaf 


»Lf^^M^w.=vm,».«oia«>»>««m:^^^^ 


•Iaa 

wit 


UMlri 


ll  tn,iy  k«  by  WlMnf.  fmni 
irailHg  iff  liw  mutnr  Mni..ll, 
•«n<«,  <tr  bY  Nl«  •■|»n|M  4ii««;- 
<mtitil,  w   uiMr  «fMii|  duly 

•  wrilinf,  dbiy  tlflnvil  ■«!  ar 

HuK  iMfiilr  iIm   right*  iif  kw 
I*  wnwii  kiy  ika  citrtM|r.* 
•■  Mai,  itkinr*, 
Tiu«,  BTf.  .  aWv*. 

Ik*  MMMw ,  m  by  ««•  pana* 

be  MMMad  aiM<  mbwrllixi  i> 

■MM  WtlHMMt 


*w  by  i« 


I 


1.  IWiM,  b*l»w. 

'MTtan  Wiix*,  ate.,  baluw. 


■  VMM  win. 

I  my  b«  by  bwatug,  r*nr»l 
•Mtnt  by  «b«  MiiaMr  hliM«ir, 
ftmam,  •*  by  bti  mtpfrnt  di 
I  at  MitMl,  or  Mbw  «rrtuii« 


>|<>H.  vrr  ,  abov*. 

iha  wMMvr. 

ba  alwatad  md  WbiiHbWl  by 

I  y— ,  «b«»i. 

MTTUI  WlLU,  «rC.,  b(ia». 

fwnymitwi  Wnia. 
Miiji  or  a*iaM  Mt  aaoaadlnt 
id  Any  doiUn,  may  bi  mad* 
■  taautar**  own  baUlailoa,  or 
Mty  tmMitg  lan  dayi  at  laaai, 
ly  MCbciaa  mt  a  jaunay  lo  or 
•M  murahig. 
vad  aAar  ■!«  mnnlba  from  Hi 

II  bl  WMng  -wtthin  Mn  dayi 
>il««ra  Mwrtd,  aNd  not  ■'"•11 

"   '  •O'CiHMaal  th« 
liW©ilB#Wili, 
■y  MM*  af  Ml  igt  ft.  J  <y 

J  Valid  wM. 
■ay  ba  bybutntag,  ciatsl- 
nMiiit  by  lbs  laiiatnr  hiimtir, 
lawa,  or  by  bt«  rapm*  dirtc- 
Mdldl,  m  Mhor  wriani  daiy 

I  wrtlhic.  duly  ulnwd  and  al- 
ly wrbMn  and  rilnad  b*  lb* 
ii( BiMM  bo  pnMod  by  ailMM 

(•.May  diapoM  of  any  hmm 
win  In  wrlilng,  aabacifkad  by 
ptraon  l>  bar  praaaiwa  and  by 
■acrliNloa  miM  bo  madi,  and 

y   O0r«  HI  IRO  MNWNMO  OT  al 

Mef(Mi«  tfia  wdl  wt*  ikaic 

dM  MtiMria.* 

nib  aaarulad  la  odiar  Statm, 

:  «K.'abaabla,  awM  ba  atovaJ 

UiRl 

Tr 

dl^hladlfacttaiar 
ba  ii»aitad  aad  iiibaeribad  m 
at  Imb*  taro  whatia,  aolthrr 
Nd  la  ibo  dovlao  of  Oa  taao 
uy  to  witta  of  panaaaky. 

anvaH  Wilim.  mc.  balo» 


k,  liio,  NUndi  a. 


CUNVIYAHCnL 


ri' 


«•  Wllfa.' 


'  «hi«f«  ibay 


rawrlltoM  •»  Mi 

Ni<iMHpa«l»*  wlda  m»Jt 
bM  atabMaa,  ai  umat  uwa  baWuMoa, 
May  maid*  tw  tan  dan  praiMling  tUaik.  ur  arlMra  Ibay 
(Wliaa  and  dU  IVum  buna  Una  wliaw*  omM  tallo 
iKiiii*  and  baar  iaailm«ny  lb*!  aiKlt  araa  iba  aaaaaa'a 
aill  or  anmla  <if  liha  im|>iirt    Cann»i  davMa  raally 

Aliar  »t»  ni>mih«  (mm  iha  iima  f  maablaj  Iba  Mau 
miliary  wonla  m>  laailmuay  iti  fmi99  atwh  a  •ill  can 
on  ailmliud,  uniaa*  iha  Hina  nr  lb*  anbaianaa  ibaraaf 
•  M  r»m«lu«l  i»  wriiliia  viiJiln  iiii  daya  aiW  iIm  aama 
•aa  ayoban  by  ib*  dataaaad, 

WHMmi  Wllto  Mid  Tawdwaaaif. 
il> 


Aga  aad  ailMI.  AII  pat«4ina  iwaaiy..HM  yaon  oTaaa 
•ad  iMwatda  and  of  aatind  aMnd  may  dtafxiaa  ml  ail  ilMlr 
pro|wr«y,  raid  and  anaoaal,  by  laa«  vUl  and  waMunant 

AllaraUaa  aad  raaoal  may  b*  by  buraiag.  annnai 
ll<>|,  daairoylng,  ur  abflMrallng  by  ihe  MaialiH  hii«.air. 
or  by  aoaw  oaa  In  hi*  prwanca  »r  by  hia  aaprMa  iMrat. 
iwn,  or  by  a  iw«  «llt  ur  codUil,  ur  othar  writing,  duly 
fiaciiwd  or  prnvwi 

liaaallan  muii  b*  by  wrlilng,  duly  tlgnad  and  ai 
.talad 

I'rabata  or  praaf  may  ba  Im  rtia  taadanay  of  on< 
tl  Iha  •ulMi:rlli4Hg  wlinaaaaa,  ■»  i?  iuhi*  ba  Uvlna,  ar«  of 
animind  mind,  or  ahMnt  from  iIm  Htaia  iban  Ma  Mali 
mwy  lit  Iwu  wlinaaaaa  u>  iba  hamlwriting  of  iho  Hib 
Killiing  wlliMaa**,  and  of  iha  laaiaiur,  or  ibal  ho  waa 
unihta  W  wriM.  If  ,h«  will  i*  In  ib«  baadonllll^  o«dM 
Maiaior,  than  iha  laailmony  of  two  ariipaaaaa  I*  nacf  mary 


If  iho  will  ba  of  a  paraon  nm  raaldaM  of  iho 
iha  iloM  o#  Ma  daalb.  and  baa  baaa  ragutulj*  araboMd 
ucordlng  lo  tba  lawa  of  anv  oihar  Slaia,  TariMMgi,  ar 
couatry,  ibaa  a  copy  of  auck  will  «ad  prabMa,  awiid 
by  iha  dark  of  lb*  cinin  In  wbieb  iha  oaiaa  waa  ad 
miiiad  to  ar  Imi*  undar  ijia  **al  ibarW,  If  ihato  ba  a 
M*l,  logadiar  wiib  thai  of  iha  Jodga,  ahlaf  JaMica,  or 
m*|l*irala  of  iha  sour*  la  whkh  iha  wld  ww  arabatad, 
ihai  auch  aliaauilun  la  la  duo  fona,  ll  la  atdkMal  ban. 

RapaaL    S*a  At.Taa*TioM,  arc.,  abo*a. 

•iaaaturalauai  ba  by  ih*  laaiaior. 

WItaaaaaa.    Taro  or  mora  mual  aliaai  aad  aahaciiba 
UmIi  aiwaa  iharoto. 

Saa  Oaaaiuit.  Poait*,  balow. 

rmmnmmv. 

VMlMbar 

Saa  ttat,  abaw.  and  Wan-raw  Witw,  uv*.,  balow. 


WHTMMl'WIIIil 

•mijnM.    AS 


vonwv,  or 


labaibanvabad 


paraoaa,   Incbidlag  awnriod 
I  aga  and  loand  ariad  auy  aMcuM  a 
ralldwiU.    PtaMUa  an  of  M  aga  a«      ' 

A.iMWtlaa  ut  rapaal.    "No Willi 

Mcapa  by  laipHeailon  of  law,  othorwiaa  ibaa 

•III,  nadicU,  or  otbor  whUm  aaaeawi  at  rraildad  hi 

oUlMMliag  tba  aaaw  with  Ikalaiaailaa  o^faraMig  It. 
l>ytbaMMaMrhiaMtir,ar  \n  aaaM  o«har  aanoii  la%S 
pmaaea,  ar  by  Ma  ospraaa  difociloii."    K.  L.  t  aoat. 

Bsaaiitlwi  maM  bo  ia  wrhliw  and  tigaad  by  iHa 
"*"•*/  •»,>»l'  ••^••or'a  oaiM  writtaa  by  aoaia  oihar 
ptriaa  tm  bb  fiaaaMa  ud  by  bia  aapraM  dlractiaa, 
«i»d  atrwad  yd  aiibaaHbad  by  tbiaa  or  m«ia  eiadiUa 
wltaaiaaa  bl  dia  prMaaaa  of  Uha  MMalor  aad  of  aaak 
oibar.    R.  L.  I  aa^a. 

fn^Mmjf  MMr  MMM  ba  aMMla  la  tba  probata 
court.  A  vil  iiMt  aM  of  tha  Itata  aad  pro««l  or 
illowod  aeeardlag  M  iha  biwa  af  ibo  Slola  ar  country 
whaw  aada,  May  ba  pravad,  aOowad,  aad  taimdad  lb 
■hit  SlaM,  aad  tbrnapoa  hava  tba  taaM  teoa  and  a«bc« 
u  ihoagb  aMda  >>«%  lot  CfaunaAi.  PoaMa,  bofow. 


ii<a  laal,  abawt,  aad  ^ 

WrtM*a1 

Aga  ai^  mini. 
I  and 


IfMrraa  Wiua.  anc.,  bafanr, 
twaaiy' 


WrtM*a  WMm  m 

,  jaat^miai.    Ivaryt ,  -_ 

■'I  aga  ami  of  tooad  adad  May  Maka  a  valid  will  of 


KAliy  and  panoaahy. 
PerMMM  ilgbwaa  yaaia  af  •«!  awy  Maka  wlOa  of  par- 

»on.iliy. 
Ahamlaa  •a^iMMlaMibabybunMiv.eaBcal- 
>(,  diMraylai,  oroMiinliagVr  t>M^  taMawTWaiaalf. 


,    /•aMaeaabiMiiawMBailarbyhlta 

■Ion, «rky  aiHvadV  ar  aodMI.  6r  atiiar  wrWag,  duly 

laatl  ba  by  vrtaig,  daly  tigaad  aai*  ot- 


Marrlod  araataa    May  ditptaa  af 
atMtt  by  win 

Fiabaia  ar  praaf.  Whoa  a  w«l  a4M«^  paapmiy 
•ritbin  ibia  4ta<*  i<  aroaad  •libiHii  tba  aaaia.aa  «uih«n- 
llaaMil  •  upy  ih-oof,  aa>i  umlH^ahM  -if  praKaiM  ilMrait/, 

anttllna  tt  in  pr-.liala  hara,  l.i  ll\a  |»r<it>«l«  cmtfl 

Rapoal.     V«a  Airaa^rMW,  an   ,  almva 
ttgnalura    muai   l>a  hy   iha   laaiaiot,  fit  turn*  'Nhar 
IMriM  >•  h«*  yrwwaao,  aad  by  bi*  dIaaaMaa.     baa  Wrr- 
naaaaa,  balow 

Wllaoaaaa.  Uataaa  wbuHy  arriiiaa  by  iha  laaiainr, 
ih«  alghioMO  aiaai  ba  mad*  or  iba  artllachnowMgad  by 
Iba  laauior  In  iha  praaanaa  of  ai  laaii  iwo  i  imixianc 
wlinwt'M,  praaant  ai  HMtom*  ilmr  and  <w  h  aiiinaaaaa 
muai  Mtaacriba  ika  will  in  iha  pratvora  uf  iha  laatotati 
Soo  OawaaAi.  y<iaaa.  Mow 

•oo  laai.abova.and  WaiiTaw  Wit  u.  arc  ,  balow. 

Aga  aa4  aaM  Ttwnr  "aJa  paroMi  •waaiy.aaa 
yjara  ••<  aga,  and  fcmal*  piraan  alghlaan  yaara  of  ago. 
of  MundMia*.  aaiy  *«aM.M  a  niU  will,  da»l*M>g  raal 
aad  pmnaal  piiipaiiy.  ••  alahar 

Allaraltaa  and  rapoal  may  ba  by  kaaaing, comMt. 
Ilrf .  laarlng,  or  ablilarallag  by  il..  i.aiaior  himaalf,  or 
by  (oma  ona  In  hIa  praatnLa.  or  by  hIa  aaj 
lio•^  or  by  a  labnniinai  will  or  cwUcll,  ar 

KaaauUaa  muai  ba  by  willing,  duly  ilgaad  aad  at. 


^^^•■^B  •»  ^ww^wo        warm  ^paa«|  «w^w«( 

ypaal     Saa  AttaBATinif,  afc. .  aba««. 
WfiMliica  mMM  ha  by  iba  uaianr,  or  aom*  portaa  la 
hIa  praaanca,  aad  by  hIa  dlraciloa. 
Wlinaaaaa.    Two  or  aiaro  oMtai  aiiaai  and  luhacriba 
hi  iha  ptaaaaca  «f  w    laatamr. 
Baa  OamMAL  roaiit,  bafew. 

wrrjrfKfuwiA. 

Baa  MU.abova,  aad  WarrraM  Wilu,  arc. ,  bataar. 


laraoiy-oaa  yaaw 
mind,  nuy  diapaaa 
III. 


»■   ""f  ^v^^NB,  ««^  1^  i^vawviHV,  wy  ■■■■  wiw. 

AHaraHoa  aMi  raaaal  may  ba  by  burning,  caatai- 
llna,  daatroying,  or  oMiiarallag  by  iha  laauior  hlauair, 
or  by  loma  oaala  bit  praaanca,  ai  by  bla  aapraaa  dirac- 


or  ay  aomo  oao  la  a»  praaanca,  ai  ay  aia  aapraaa  dirac- 
lion,  or  by  a  aaw  will  or  eadicll,  ar  oihar  wrlUM,  duly 
aaacutad  or  provod. 

Bmaaila*  aMM  ba  fai  wrlilnc,  Ady  il^Hd  aad  ac* 
iMIad. 

Prafeata  ar  ftoaf.    Saa  Mat,  tbava. 

Rapaal.    Sm  AtTaaaTKni,  BVG.abava.    ■ 

Mgaatara  mum  bo  by  tba  Maiaior,  or  ioMa  other 
panoa  la  hk  praaaaca,  tad  by  hIa  dlractlon,  in  luch 
nwnaor  at  to  aubo  It  MoaMM  that  Iha  aaaM  la  laiaadad 
aa  a  Mgaaiara.    Saa  WrraaaMi.  bahtw. 

Wifiiaiia.  UakaathawUfawbDllvwrltMabyiba 
taMalot  tka  algaaiura  Muai  ba  mada  or  tba  wItt  acknowl. 
adgad  by  iha  MMatar  la  ibo  prittaca  af  at  laaai  iwa 
coatpMtai  wliaaataa.  nraaaat  M  tho  raaio  UaM ;  tad 
auck  witaMlii  MUM  MibM:riha  ibair  aaMaa  lo  tba  wiU  ia 


iha  prMaaca  of  tha  laautor. 

Saa  Oaaaaai.  FoaM,  balow. 


Sm  Mai,  abova,  i 


'n-u.  ate.,  balow. 


,  MM  WUT'IM  Wl , _.,  _^„^„, 

Aaa aa4 ailad.    twary MMiMiaf Mn«i uiCouad 
mlad  my  aaaiMM  a  raMd  wiD. 

1.  *'¥*!5S'***  *W*'  T^y*  ^  karatafccaaeal. 
llng,daitroytBg.  aroBlivMlBg  by  tba  iMlaiarblMatir. 
or  by  aam  MM  hi  iJli  ptaaaaoi.  or  by  hb  aaprm  dirac- 
tloa,  or  by  a  now  wM  or  codicil,  or  otbor  writing,  duly 
anacutad  or  prarod. 
Baacutloa  aaiM  ba  by  wiMi«,  duly  ti^iad  and  at- 

fawMlf  oAclual  MpaMrtal 

.javaa  anal 

rafa 


riabay  aa  rrawt,  Ma  wM  b  aAclual  lo  paM  laal 
Mtaia  aaioM  paaoad  aadjBewad  la  tba  aaaaqr  amirt. 
TbooapyafafcHS"  'NO,  duW  tawatid  aa*pt»baM 
ibMMaiifi  aalbiadiaMd,  mow baMwoad. aMawad, and 
'■'.'"*l*  '* **  ""— *y  "■"  ■''■»  '*'•  -»'•  aibaiad b 


K.  V.  Ok  tpt  lap.  IL  laay. 


if. 


if 


omrvKYANcn. 


PMMt     In  AifwiAffMi,  trt ,  MM 

VllHMM*, 


MM*IM  kf  !••  M  ■■#•  *«Hlly«t«M 


■■lMNlM«<t*««  In  WrItlMi  Wllto  m*4 


TlM  wUI  •!  A.m.,M ,  MMrvMUH  I 

I,  A.  ■. ,  af ,  torm«r,  niaka  this,  my  toM  will  i 

Th>«  laM  win  aii^  iMtamaul  of  m;  A  ■.,  vf 

■^.  >n«4«  ikla 4«|r  H 1 

I,  A.  a,  af ,  iii«r«liM«,  4Mlar«  Ikto  («r  ih* 

fotlvwlHg)  to  M  my  laat  will  aarf  walamaat  i 

I,  A  B.ortha  lawaaf ,1a — '«4Hinty,«n4 

■lau  of  — ,  marahaal,  iaatawa  tkta  to  ba  my  laai 
will  aj»4  taatamaar  t 


la  iha  nama  af  Oad, 
I,  A  ■.,af ,  raarlnar,  kaing  tortkwKh  t«»  da- 
fart  aa  a  vayagt,  «a  maka  UMi,  mf  Um  will,  aa 

nlMwai  ___ 

I.  A  ■..aftha af , aracar.  4o  maka  a»4 

^kllth  ihla.  my  laal  will  an4  taalamant,  haraky 
Mvaliina  and  mahirm  vaid  all  farmar  wUM  ky  ma 
at  aay  lima  karalatora  mada  i 

I,  A.  B.,  af  Iha  lawaahlp  of  — -,  la  Ika  aauat* 

af ,  and  tlala  of  — ,  do  maka  and  aukhali 

thU,  my  (Am  ••  waU  ■•)  laat  wiu  aad  laatomtal, 
la  Ma  mannar  Mlawtag,  to  wit  i 

I,  A  ■,,  af ,  In  tha  caunty  af  - — ■,  and  Slata 

af  - — ,  larmar,  balna  af  aoand  mind,  mamory. 
and  KndaraUndlna,  da  maka  and  pukllak  ihia, 
my  laat  will  and  laatamant  (haraby  nvokini  ami 

lakiag  void  all  liwaiar  •lilt  by  ma  al  aay  iiaM  lianio- 

)"  


la  tha  nama  of  Oa4.    Aaan 
l,Aril.,af 


l»r  i» 


Ml 
cawNyof- 


and 


tlia  aawaty  af ,  la  tha  Mala  («r 

'^-■' (hrmar,  hatncwaak  In  body 

„,  ..  r"^.  „.-,-  „  b^),  and  at  aaund  mind, 
mamary,  aad  wadaraundlag,  bM  aanaldarlag  tha 
unctrMlatir  of  thta  tranaltary  Ufa,  da  maka  and 
pukllah  Ihla,  my  laat  win  and  taatomani,  la  tha 
manaar  aad  farm  fallawlag,  to  wit  i 

Know  an  maa  by  ibaan  araaawti 

That  I,  A.  1.,  ar — ,  to  Uia  caiu^  ».  — , .», 

Mau  otr  tommaaaialth)  af ,  caunaailar  at  low, 

balnaln  goad  hoahh  t«r  batag  in  ih  haalik).  and  of 
a»uiid  and  dlaaaaing  mind  and  mamary,  da  maka 
aad  mibUah  flila.  my  laat  win  aad  taatamant, 
harolHr  ravaklac  all  Termar  wlUa  by  ma  at  any 
tima  fearatoiora  mad*  t 

In  tha  nama  af  dad.    Amoa. 

I,  A.  B.,  af-— ,  til  the  county  af ,  and  Stota 

{*r  Coainwntnalth)  af ,  balnf  aick  and  waah  In 

body,  but  of  aaund  mind,  mamary,  and  andar- 
atandlBg,  and  aonaldarlng  tha  cartalnty  af  daath, 
and  tha  unaartatniy  pt  tha  Uma  Iharoaf,  aad  w 
tha  and  that  I  may  ba  batMt  araparad  to  laava 
thia  warU  whanavar  it  than  plaaia  Oad  to  caH 
ma  hanca,  da  thorafera  maka  and  dcelara  thli, 
[By  laH  wUI  and  taatamant,  In  tha  maonar  fal- 
Inwiac,  that  la  to  aay  i 

la  tha  naant  of  Oad.    Aman. 

I.  A.  B.,  of — ■.  balag  In  gaad  baalth  af  bady, 


an^  af  aauad  and  diapaalMt  mind  and 
M4.lHiaf  daairoM  w  aavBa  my-warM 
whUa  t  hiva  airaaftk  aad  «a|NwIty,  da  I 
pubMab  thla.  my  UM  wlH  aA  taatamant  (twnby 
ravoUa(  and  makinc  vomI  all  lormar  wilU  by  nic  ai  any 
turn  katatoibra  niada) 

And  Aral  and  prtncipaUy  I  commit  my  aoul  law 
«b«  haada  of  my  Craatar  wha  yava  Hi  aad  «y 


bodv  to  Iha  aaith,  to  ba  latarrad  at  — .,  In  — , 
at  Iha  dlracllan  af  mv  •aaaiitata  haralnafiat 
namol.  And  aa  M  aucK  waftdly  <a«a«a  whoa 
—  -' — td  Oad  to  lau uai  ma,  I  dUfwM 


with  II  haa  ulaaaad  Oa 
of  Iha  aamo  aa  rnUowa  i 
I,  ato. 


I.W.n.wiraaf  A   ■..of- 


my  wrlllng.  auriMfllnfl  la  ba  my  la«i  w 
laatamanl,  dMaaiM  af  my  aatala.  puxnai 
ac«ardln«  to  iha  auihaitiy  «»  ma  aivan  • 
aarvad  la  aad  ky  o   daad  u>  aailltmanl,  m< 


*•<<  .  <*-i.k*  ihi«. 
iy  la«i   will  and 
ml  an<l 
and  >• 
.  mada  an 
my  marrlaf  a  wllh  iha  aald  A.  ■  ,  baarlng  data 
ala.  I  ♦#»«  IH  /»»/»  Iti  ^tr  «W  /rtXwt   Im  Ikt  irll/t 

m,mt),  aad  ky  virlua  of  Ika  Bold  d««d  and  ol  aU 
olhor  pawara  and  aulhorllMa  whaiaoavar  lo  ma 
■ivaa  ar  raaarvod,  la  auanor  aa  lollow*.  vu. 

VnrtoaM  rUlNam*.  ('iMM(tll«NO,  l»a>4>Urn. 
H««M,ma*a« !•«•«,  P»m»m,  ••r«i%l«l*M<, 

ICta.,  Rla. 

Anv/HfaMatm  in  aa  Dam  r  ran 
I  doolaro  thai  all  au«h  monaya  aa  I  hiva  or  ahall 
kava  advanaod  W  any  of  my  aald  chMdran.  or  at 
ahall  bo  owing  to  ma  fiom  any  of  Iham  at  my  d« 
caaoa,  ahall  bo  aanaldarad  aa  pan  of  my  rooldaaiv 
aalato,  and  ahall  bo  dadualad  fiom  hlo,  bar.  ar 
Ihalr  roapooHaa  ahoraa. 

AavAHcaManrt  Nnr  to  *b  «  9*Tn*MTHHr  oa 

l)aai« 
I  diroat  thai  na  laaacy  or  (Ifl  tonialnad  In  my 
will  ahall  (airfpl   «h>>«   a   iiinifary   imtniian  i«  •• 
p><i««dl  bo  lahan  to  ba  In  aallafacllon  af  any  daki 
owing  ky  mo 

AavAiKaMaMra  Nor  m  aa  a  HATiKaamita  oa 
Poaiiiina. 

I  daolara  that  awah  advancamania  aa  I  may  havt 
mada,  ar  may  horoaflar  maka,  lo  any  of  my  chil 
dron  far  naolMwt  and  nt«(at,  iii.  ),  ahoA  ba  in  add) 
lion  to,  and  aot  In  aollafaallon  of,  any  logoclt'i, 
portlano,  ar  alhor  banaAt  givan  lham  by  my  will. 

AhHUITV— foWOM    to    0»»«T   in  IHa    NAtWttt  o»  « 

JoiHiuaa 
my  will  navorthalaaa  NHhrr 
la,  that  my  aald  grandoan,  O.  N.,  iha  youagar,  by 
an*  dood  or  doodo  la  wriiing,  ta  ho  moM  and 
dallvargd  by  him,  my  aoid  grandaon,  In  araaanct 
af,  aad  attooiod  by,  two  or  mora  cr«.dlbla  wii- 
naaaoo,  to  grant,  bmll,  ar  appoint  any  roni  ar  an- 
nual aam  to  ba  iMaIng  and  payakia  out  af  all  or 
»  V  of  tha  oatd  pramiooo,  at«.,  whiah  ara  horain 
t    foro  gIvan  ar  ilmltad  to  bim  for  hlo  fff,  r<- 


malndor  aa  afaraaatd,  unto  and  to  tha  wm  af  any 
woman  ar  wamon  ha  ahall  marry,  for  aad  durlni 
Iha  lifo  ar  Uvaa  af  auch  woman  or  woman  rr 
apoctliraly,  far  or  in  naiura  of  har  or  Ihalr  Jalnmt' 
ar  l«l  ,turaa,  ^ad  In  bar  of  dawrr.  auah  raat  or 
annual  aum  la  wka  affaci  ftam  tha  daath  of  i>« 
ourvlvar  af  my  ai>ld  daughtor  aad  graadoan  G. 
N.,  Iha  your  far,  and  ba  payabia  half  yaarly  or 

auartarly.  aa  ar  at  auch  daya  ar  ilmat  aa  ha  ahall 
link  At,  but  to  aa  auah  raat  ar  annual  oum  do 

nat  aaoaod par  annum  ton  fraa,  far  ar  la  rr 

MM«t  of  aatry ,  ar  iha  Mlua  iharoaf  In  ftaa 

hald  ar  laaaahaM  aaiatw,  which  my  grandaan, 0. 
N..  tha  yaungar,  ahall  actually  hava  and  raaaiva, 
or  bacama  ami  ba  aatltlod  to.  aa  and  for  tha  par- 
tian  ar  fortuna  af  oach  auch  waman  raapacMvaly, 
and  oo  in  preaortion  far  any  graaiar  ar  loaoar  oum 
than  — ,  wfitah  ho  ahall  aatuallyhava  aad  ra 
calya,  ar  boaama  ar  bo  antitlad  w  aa  afaraoald. 
and  by  tha  aamo  dood  or  daada,  to  givt  and  gram 
to  attah  woman  or  woman  roapacflvaly,  and  htr 
or  thair  atoigna,  auch  power  and  romadloa,  by 
entry  and  jacalpn  af  tha  loota  and  praflti  af  ih« 
pramlaaa,  iMr  roaavarlog  ouch  raat  or  annual  aum. 
whoa  to  arraar,  and  to  grant,  limit,  aad  araaint 
tha  harodltaaiaaH  and  pramioaachargaabla  thort- 
wlth.  ta  aay  imataa  ar  truataaa,  for  aay  tprm  or 
numbar  af  yaara.  aa  to  my  taM  grandaeaTO.  M-. 
tha  yaiiagar.^aiiall  aaam  moat,  to  commoaaa  from 
tha  daati  of  tha  aurirtvar  af  my  aaid  graadaoo 
and  daugkt^v.  tor  tha  battar  oacunag  tha  Mymani 
of  auch  raat  ariaanual  aum,  oo  aa  auch  tana  of 
yaara  ba  malt  dotanaiaaMa  or  dafMoibla  upon 
iha  paymoa).  af  tha  aald  raat  or  annual  aum  ol 
— —  daUara,  thwaby  aaaurod,  and  aH  arraara 
tharaaf,  tagatSar  wilh  aU  ««ato  aad  chaifaa  (t. 


M»i 


■II-      I.    n"«n.i   iWriiih.iiii.iiiiFiimniiiii..>^ 


I— ..ta — , 

nh  wafMIx  ••<•••  who* 
•4  M  laif <M«  m«,  I  4l«f««< 


m  M  IM  mr  U<«  wtii  an^ 
my  ••<•!•.  pM'Oiani  (nj 
<Hlly  Itt  m*  (Ivan  (nd  ra 
>4  w*  M«ll«m«nl,  ms4«  •n 
I  mM  a  M  ,  b««r«nfl  4a(« 
^^^  »m^  p^fltti  tw  ikf  ittti* 
'  lh«  Mt4  <l«*4.  and  •(  all 
Mfllta*  whalMiavar  ta  m« 
laaiMr  ••  falkiw*,  *t<. 

riMMllliMM*,  IMolNtrai. 

•n  »•  n»iii  I  tan 
k  manaya  aa  I  hava  m  aMM 
af  my  aald  chMdlran,  •■>  at 
lom  any  ai  Iham  al  my  4* 
ra4  aa  pari  •'  m«  raat4itary 
a4iMU4  (fom  kla,  har.ar 

rn  ••  a  fattaaACTHiM  oa 

ir* 

y  ar  gift  (ontalna4  In  my 

I   •  iimtrary   inuniion  is  •> 

In  aalMracltan  af  any  4akt 

m  aa  «  M«Ti*aamo«  o* 
■  iitim. 

vancamanu  aa  t  may  ha¥< 
r  maka.  ta  any  of  my  ahil- 
it«,  (U  ),  ahafi  b«  in  a4di 
iafaatlon  of, any  lagaclti. 
(k(  (Ivan  Iham  by  my  will. 
)i«MT  III  iMa  N*Tuaa  oa  < 

KIVKI 

y  will  navaf  Ihalaaa  Airlhrr 
>n,  O.  N.,  Iha  yaungar,  by 
■rflilng,  to  ba  aaaiat^  and 
114  gran4aon,ln  jpraaan't 
wo  or  mara  crt.4iMa  wii- 
or  apiKilnl  any  ram  ar  an- 
an4  payabia  aut  ol  all  iir 
w.atc  ,wbl«h  araharaiii' 
4  la  him  ter  hia  Hfa,  rr 
inlo  an4  ta  Iha  uaa  af  any 
hall  marry,  fer  an4  4urlnt 
cb  woman  o«  woman  r> 
ara  of  bar  or  Uialr  Jalnturr 
\t  af  4aw*f ,  ayah  raal  or 
CI  from  tha  4aalh  of  ti« 
lughur  aM4  ■ran48oa  0. 
«  payabia  half  yaarly  or 
4aya  or  ttniaa  aa  ha  aliall 
h  rani  or  annual  aum  do 
am  (aa  fraa,  tar  or  in  r« 
Iha  Malua  iharoef  t«  fraa 
a.wbKh  my  gran4aont  O' 
wlually  hava  an4  racalvt, 
04  M,  aa  aii4  far  Um  par- 
lucb  woman  raapaatlvaly. 
any  graatar  ar  ioaaar  oum 
lali  actually  hava  a«4  rt 
aoiitla4  to  aa  afbraaald, 
r  4aa4a,  to  givt  an4  cram 
lan  rcapactivaly,  and  htr 
powar  an4  rama4taa,  by 
c  rcnia  an4  prallla  of  Iha 
I  ouch  rant  or  annual  aum . 
grant,  limit,  sad  appoint 
ramioaa  chaicaaMa  thara' 
truataca,  for  any  Iwan  or 
my  cald  graadoon,  0.  M-, 
maci.  to  commoMa  t^am 
ror  of  my  aai4  grandaon 
Iter  accunag  tha  iwymont 
■um,  CO  aa  ouch  term  of 
nabto  or  4albaaibla  upon 
I  rcat  or  annual  aum  el 
■«ura4,  and  all  arroara 
nil  ooata  sad  cMfgaa  (i. 


C(>NVEYANCB* 


••TMnaMaaithoraC,.  mid  aiMih  graata.  nmllallaac 
aafara  ar  anat  aiHb  marfiaga,  ata. 
A".,M.     ••aa,a«,..n  A«..M,  ,   ,..„   r»,„„.. 

i-'.!L''!r!^JL.i''"V''''"*i*'f'*  ••"*  <l'0«l,ll.al 

turn  af  -       Callar*.  «,  any  |>ai|  ih<f««<  iban  ani 
•n  au«b  .aaa.  an4  from  anJ   Immartiaialy   aria, 

M.4  %^^STL  -l:i:*:i«'""r "•  •'•••»•'••.  "» 

MIC  aa^HOot  ao  ma4a  Iharaaf  aa  afOraaald.  an4 

Mi4**.:rhrt:& ::  &':.•".  '•  ••••"  j""^-  -s.!i 

fi«aac  cad  bo  vaM  la  all  Inlaala  a«4  aurBaaaa  aa 
'*i'iH,  ar  aa  If  ika  aal4  N.  W,  wara  naturally  *»U. 

VT-'.'V",?'"^'*'" *■••*"'  *""  «tio«riri.raa.  •!< 
That  I   bava  •ammlllod  and  4iaMaa4   and  b« 

.d;aatti2if--^"'lV'?  •»«»V^»"«cn  •"•! 
•auaana*  army  can,  f.  ■  ,  fram  and  immadlaiii 
•nar  m.dcaaaac.  uaMimy  a«i4  aan  ahall  aliaJn  V 

•al4  can  ailalaa  iha  aga  afiwanirana  »aaTa' 

::;i.\TO'r.':i'a"f<hi"a;a'r-'"'' "-'  - 

MI4  aaa  ahall  have  attained  Uia  act 

r'??,!5»^  *•«'•  ••»•  ••«<•  f  ra  laba  u^^  him 


iba  akwf  c.  far  the  gaod  ar-iy  aald  aan 

AHoritan. 

ai  rt?!fJj^V  '•'!1*  '"'  •""*  "^  chlldraa  llv'ng 
"i"f  •'^*  ••  ">'  •••coaac,  my  will  la.  end  I  da 

r.jtI:5L^!TJ*^  aa  chcohcll  canllnua  ta  bo  oalo  i 
•".*  'l*!^  •  ^  *••»••  •»  marrlaga  duriaclha 
mInaHtpalauch  my  children,  Ihaa  I  will  aaS  In! 
OolattlUtm^  ..„e6  .Maama  (5u«d,r  D.!iha'u 
Kara  tha  IhIiA  a  and  guardlancblp  of  iham  ^wMnc 
•Mb  their  minority  rand  In  ca»i  of  hSTrXorf 

•hS  TiiJftCH'.'i:"/*^*'^  ••''  auardlcn. 
•nip.    I  «caira  that  Hie  utmaat  care  ma^  Ha  a'van 

it.TIr***'  ''.?'1'"JPJ'"*  eduiSieno?  m/ih" 

Ji::*4&rLSrraX»B.a-!i!"is;rh'' '» 

■.  tad  fi.  •:(«- ».  frlawta,  E.  STaod  "'r  ,  to  ba 
aaraby  ravehiag  all  farmer  wlUa  by  «a  oMde 


d^eneafonh  laba  afbci.  and  ba  «ii««\na4  iii  ihi  um*  or 

«W»aUy  appoiaiad  tha  aola  uuataaa  aad  aaacuton. 
Amotmu. 

truataca.  taV  ">y  e»aci!trl7aiMla«aaiiian  2r  u^u 
my  wlU,  aaJtb dc caaS^AcdUS  «?7oy  two 
or  niMrc  af  Hmm,  before  die  touato  af  thfa  TS 

rraro,  tab  aMcatara  of  thia  «y  wUlVTa  ihS 

!!ilJT i?  *^  *'**  f*''  tniocaa,  aa  ahall  ae  41a 
btfore  tha  Uuala  af  my  aidd  wUi  aluSlba  ftiii» 
»ocutad  Md  pcrfbnaA.  aM  wMi  dUU?cS£S 

3iii5f:si5S.S»tt:Wc£--^ 

Mya«prcaowUlaaddaaifaia,th«ilfaaydiflbr-  I 


••"M  a»  4tipula.  CMOMIaa  a»  aan«r«ivan«  abaR 
JJ  alba'.  »^r.'"  """;'"'"•  •"»«'«.  b«^»aat. 
aama   anall    ba    rararrad   wholly   i..    i)*,    award 

Hut:'  N"b'"";'i'":"-"  •'  -/"".'-'d  ».nb" 

•"•a,  N    M    and   M    •  .  with  pawar  f»«   (bam  la 

r...  ih.ri  i"  !,'?'•  r  r"""« '"  •«' '"  '►'•  i"«m 

laaa  than  I  da  diraal  Ibal  my  «Maat  aan  and  al. 
da.  d.Mghia,  aball  ac.b  ap,H.V,.  .„  ..T.","*,  i 
••btlraiora.  with  Iba  aama >.wa,  af  .h»a.i.,a  aa 
M.MBi,.     dn.l  what   .hay  „,.  m.ja.l.r7f    R,m 

poraan  and  pcraaaa  Iharaln  aanaarnad. 

AaaAMiaMiNi    na  <  OMrantina     I'.iwaa   t.i 

-VJ:/;i::.;n:j'liSbi.;:rj^:.-:;vr^:- 

nfau  ma'/C:?  '.7  '.iS"'"",!*  "•  *'"*^  •  "  -"X 
oaiaia  mav  ba  allagad  la  ba  aMSIari    unon  .nw 

a..dan.a  ifcay  „  ha  al.1l  iblnh  ?roJi,.  IH "a  a7 

t«pl  any  cumpoaliton  ai  aaaurUy  iJr  anv  a.m 

-.--   .         "'"'"•  ••••••"»'  ••  I"   tha  aald  aalinc 

r^mJf' •'•."  •••«"«•"  'hall  aaam  Hi.  and  alaa  ,5 
compromi,,.  or  aubmti  la  arWiratton,  and\I^,u 

ml  aatlir'lnJl^  """•.;•  '«'»'•■'"«  "  ralaitt^  lu 

raaponalbia  for  any  looc  ibaraby  oacaawnarf.  ^ 
Awcniairr  to   N,w  T«.,,„  to  Paavanv  Tawt 

— /    nejcay  fur^liar  ardar  and  diraci.  that  whan 
end  ao  eftan  aa  allhar  of  my  aald  IrualaaaahaH 
l.appan  la  41a    that  than  Iha  aurv  «"""    hV. 
ah^ll  an4  4o  forthwith  aaalgn.  or  cauao  to  be  aa 
XiK'lt:  !">  .^"'^  Ioaachol4  Uuc...  aiT.  end  all 
»!.!"••••  ••""  •"•*  •"••••••  thar;)n.  lo  one  ,, 

mora  naw  iruaiac  ar  Iruataaa,  to  ba  nomlnaiad 
W»\**^.''.  1  •>«»•"••  who  for  t"a  "inl^  b!lS 
afial  be  cntltlad  to  Iha  rania  and  proUta  iharrSf 

tVa  u'iUlVl  ••"•  "J  *"]• '»  •"•"  -Sl.nn'r  .;;r..l 

?h.  ?JIli?^?fci^ 'A*'  VWV^  ••  •foroaaW,  upon 
i-i'l"*'!*"*'*^!*'  •"*  ••  frem  time  to  lima 
IruaiJ!.*.?!?!:!  "^»  nV»»."'  •"»  •>««^rd7ni 
ind  t Wtki'  ^  »•*•«•<  fcy  '••ath  to  ona ,  «<>  iha 
on4  that  the  aama  truat  may  not  go  or  liaacand 
to  an  aaecutor  or  a4mlnlairator.  »••«•"• 

Bogiiaara.    Saa  Warrrai.  Wiita.  crc.  Ulow 

dfiLDRCit  Boca  Airra*  Diath  or  TcavAToa— Px 
vi«ioN«  poa. 

aum 
.  ma 
i'«"ii..ViL:i'  ""V  "~  ■""  "'  "cr  iuoaaquant 
man»  '^f-'L  '  fj*^'"'  T*"«''  ecldT^  of 
T^.!^7  2..'*  ^  ?^"*  ••  ••'•h  «h»M.  or  divided 
rS-S"!  *•*"••?  «•>••".  whan  ha.orah"orlhay. 
JSJII.  ***  •'  ""  '«•  •'  •w«"«y-eM 

^fi"-?"'^*°»"  ArTL»  Ttia  ExacuTioM  or  a  Wn  l 
due*5a*Sm.1«'i/"fr *••'-■  •!'  "••  "i«  rVi\: 

.1JlTly"UdV&!a"^r.:n!Sanir-'^ 

t      1  ^   ^  AHOTMCC. 

i«i»JIL'.'l^l2*'".^  tcctamcnt,  the  aum  of 

aihcr  Icgaclca  bCreiabafora  mantlonad. 
A..i  C^'iOf'^-CwcTOiw  AHo  Tuition 

f{:s:4i*dt"4i's?r.dn:»^^^^^^^^^^ 


,    ,  ,  vi»ion»  poa. 

ba^lL  iw      "^  ••»/ chUd,  or  children,  by  i 


OP. 

cemmii  the 


!• 


Jto 


CONVEYANCES. 


•aMedy  to  my  nccutor*  hartlnafUr  iMmlMtad 
•nd  MPMOtM. 

DuTt  Dva  r«nH  RiLATiom—kiiLRAM  or,  nr. 

Wharaaa,  thar*  balnf  eeiuld*r«bla  Mima  of 
monay  dua  and  owing  to  ma  upon  bonda,  billa, 
and  o*hatwiaa,  from  my  ralatlona  haralnbafora 
namad,  wUeh  I  daairo  to  ralaaaa,  I  do  haraby 
diract  tbM  all  auch  avtdanaaa  of  dabt  ahali  ba 
eancailad  and  daatroyad  by  my  aaaeutora  imma- 
diatato  altar  my  daafib ;  and  I  haraby  diacharga 
my  rauuiona  harainbafora  namad.  and  thair  haira, 
aiacutois.  and  admlntatnitoro,  flrom  tha  ^aymant 
oi  any  dabta  dua  and  owing  to  ma  or  my  tatata, 
upon  any  account  whataoavar,  without  any  aba  ta- 
mint  or  tha  lagaclaa  barainbafora  given  to  tham 
raapactlvaiy. 

Daara— AitoTHBa  on  CoNniTioH  o*  Will  »uno 
UMMOLnrio. 

Wharaaa  my  brother,  B.  B.,  atanda  Juatty  and 
duly  indabtad  to  ma  in  aavaral  aumnor  money, 
w  hich  I  hava,  for  aavaral  yaara  new  laat  paat,  paid , 
lent,  and  advanced  to  and  liar  him  and  bia  uae, 
amounting  in  tha  whola  to  tha  auan  of — doUark, 
tnd  upwarda;  my  will  tharafera  ia,  that  in  caaa 
he  ahall  give  no  troubia  or  molealntion  to  my  ax- 
ccutora  neraaftar  namad,  in  tha  aaecutlon  and 

rcrformanca  of  thia,  my  la::t  will  and  taatamant, 
do  haraaflar  remit  ana  relaaaa  unto  him  tha  aaid 
debt  of dallara,  ani:  that  ha  ahall  not  ba  an- 
swerable or  aeaountabia  to  my  axecutora  Car  tha 
same :  But  In  caaa  ha  ahaii  give  any  troubia,  mo- 
lestation, or  diaturbanca  to  them,  or  either  cf 
them,  for  or  on  account  of  anything  in  this,  my 
will  contained,  then  I  give  the  aaid  —  dotla?s  to 
my  executors,  upon  the  trusts,  inteata,  end  pur- 
poses in  this,  my  laat  will  mentioned,  and  in  aid 
oi  the  full  execution  and  performanca  of  the  aame. 
Disnrrsa— Submission  to  AasintATioii,  arc. 
I  hereby  order  and  appoint,  that  if  any  dilTcr- 
enee  shall  arise  or  happen,  concerning  any  gift, 
bequest,  or  other  thing  fn  thia  will,  no  auit  ahall 
ba  Drought  concerning  tha  aama,  but  tha  aame 
shall  ba  referred  Wholly  to  tha  Award  of  my 

friends  A.  R.  and  T.  S.,both  of ,  and  what 

they  ehall  order,  direct,  or  datarmina  therein, 
shall  be  binding  and  concloaiva  on  all  persona 
concerned. 

ANOTMSa. 

And  I  do  hereby  order  and  appoint,  that  if  any 
difference,  dispute,  aueatioa  or  controversy,  ah aU 
be  moved,  ariaa  or  nappen,  concatning  any  gift, 
bequest,  or  other  matter  or  thing  ia  this,  my  will, 

8 Ivan  and  baqueathad,  expreaaad  or  contained, 
tat  then  no  auit  cr  aulta  in  law  or  oquity,  or 
othcrwiac,  shall  b«  brought,  commenced,  or 
proeecuted  for  and  concerning  tha  aame,  but  the 
aama  ahall  b«  referred  wholly  to  the  award, 
order,  and  determination  of  my  loving  (Henda, 
A.  R.  and  T.  8.,  both  of -^ — ,  and  what  Qiey  ahalt 
.  order,  direct,  or  detenmine  therein  ahaU  b«  bind- 
ing aAd  conduaiva  id  all  ahd  every  person  and 
pereona  therein  concerned. ' 

DisrvTBS— CoHCxamMG  VAunm  o»  Wux,  arc. 

Providsd  alwaya,  tht.t  if  any  peraen  or  pereona, 
to  whom  any  aetata  or  intereet  ia  given  or  lim- 
ited, by  thia.  my  will,  ahall  in  any  court  of  law  or 
equity,  or  otnrvwiaa,  controvert  tha  aame,  or  dia- 
pute  or  call  In  auaation  the  validity  thereof,  or  of 
any  of  the  astataa,  limitations,  powers,  proviaoa, 
or  dlapoaitlona,  hereby  Umitad,  or  gtven,or  made, 
or  herein  contained,  then,  and  in  auch  case,  the 
estatea,  intaraata,  Umitatloiia.etc.,ao  hereby  lim- 
ited, etc. to  or  In  Csvorof  suek  paraon  or  peraona, 
ao  controverting  my  anld  will,  ahall  eaase,  datar- 
mina, and  ba  abaomtaly  void,  to  aH  intanta  and 
purpeaea  whataoavar,  aa  If  each  petton  or  per- 
sona was  or  wsra  natarally  dead :  And  than,  and 
from  thenceforth,  auch  estatea,  tntereats,  Itmlta- 
ttona,  powaia,  provlaoa,  and  dtooovUtona,  shall  go 
and  belong  to,  and  be  va^tad  in  tha  paraon  or  per- 
aooa  who,  Dy  virtna  of  this,  my  wip,  ahall  be  next 
in  remainder,  nRar  thr  paraon  or  pereona  so  dia- 
futtng  aa  aforaaald.  Rvvidad,  ha,  aha,  ot  they 
ahall  not  cotttfovqrt  or  dIaipHte  tha  validly  of  thia, 
my  will,  or  of  any  of  tha  deviaac,  limttatiooa, 
.^_-    ^  dJapoaitiona  harem  con- 


pdwen,  pcoviaoOt 


DwBLUwa-Rous*— WiM  «o  V« 
Widowhood,  «tc. 

Also,  I  Airther  give  and  devise  nnto  asy  said 
dear  wife  the  uea  and  occupation  of  my  dwelling- 
house  of ,  In  the  eaid  county  of ,  with  the 

gardens  and  offlcea  thereunto  belonging,  and  also 

- —  acree  sf  land  adjoining  thereto,  called , 

to  be  enjoyed  by  her  ao  long  aa  she  ehall  continue 
my  widov  and  ehall  chooaa  to  reeide  in  tha  eaid 
dwelling-houee  ;  and  I  do  direct  my  trueteee  of 

the  eaid^term  of years  hereinafter  limited,  to 

permit  her  to  reaida  In,  i  a,  and  occupy  tha  aame 
accordingly. 

AnoTMrn. 

And  my  will  ia,  that  my  aaM  wife  ehall  and 

may  reeide  in  the  houee  wherein  I  now  dwell, 

altuata  at aforeaaid«ln  case  aha  ahall  think 

proper  eo  to  do,  and  ehall  and  may  have  and  enjoy 
the  uaa  of  idl  my  fUroitura,  plate,  linen,  chine  and 
glasa,  which  ahaU  be  therein  nt  my  der«aae,  for 
and  during  bar  life,  if  she  ehall  eo  bag  ronttnue 
my  widow  and  unmarried,  but  not  otherwise. 
And  in  caaa  aha  ahall  think  psopos  to  quit  the  said 
house  at  any  tima  after  my  daieeaae,  thea  I  give 
and  baaaaatk  unto  her,  my  eaid  wife,  the  eum  of 
—  lioUara,  in  order  tf  settle  her  in,  and  famish 
for  her  any  other  habitation  aha  may  chooar  to 
reeide  in. 

iHvaannin-  or  PeasoNAL  Estats,  km  Us*  o* 
Dauuhtxk. 

I  do  nnthorisa,  empower,  and  diraet  tha  aaid 
B.  X.  and  T.  R.,  and  the  aurvivoro  and  aurvivor 
of  them,  aitar  payment  of  my  Just  debts  and  in- 
cidental chargea  ny  eouraa  of  admlniatratton,  to 
retain  and  beep  In  their  own  hands,  during  the 
lifr  of  the  aaid  M.  D.,all  mv  poraonal  aatnte  then 
remaining,  and  the  aame  to  Invaxt  In  bnnh  or 
other  atock  or  put  out  at  intereaton  good  secur- 
ity, and  the  Intereet  and  income  thereof  annually, 
at  auch  timaa  and  placee,  and  In  auch  propertioDs 
aa  they  ahall  Judge  expedient,  to  pay  to  my  aaid 
daughter  dnnng  her  life,  (or  her  aole  and  aeparate 
use.  And  if  my  aaid  daughter  ahall  aurviva  the 
eaid  H.  D.,then,  on  hla  deceaae,to  pny  the  wh<ila 
of  satd  paraonat  aetata  to  her,  to  her  own  oaa  Ibr- 
ever ;  but  If  eha  ahall  not  aurviva  tha  aaid  H.  D., 
then  during  hia  lifb,  after  her  dscaaae,  to  appro- 
priate the  eame  intareat  and  Income  thereof  to  the 
maintf  nance  and  education  of  her  chlldran,  or 
any,  oi  either  of  them,  aa  they  ahall  ludfa  expe- 
dient, and  altar  tha  death  or  the  aala  H.  p.  te 
distribute  the  whcla  of  aaid  parMsal  eatate 
among  aaid  chlldran,  te  their  raipectiv  naa  fcr- 
ever;  and  tha  laaai  rapeaaanteMvaa  of  any  child 
who  may  have  daaeasM  te  ba  antitlad  te  the 
samo  abnta  aa  hia  or  her  parent  would  hnv*  been 
If  than  Hvtag.  And  I  do  furthar  authorixa  and 
empower  the  aaid  B.  X.  and  T.  It.,  and  the  anrvi- 
vora  and  anrvivor  nf  them,  during  tha  liis  Of  the 
said  H.  p..  In  caaa  thay  ahall  i«dga  aapadiant,  to 
appropriate  tha  whnla,  ot  any  yart  qf  tha  princi- 
pal ormy  aaid  fanowaaatete,eitlier  tethnanp. 
port  and  asaintaAanca  of  my  aaid  daughter  dur- 
ing her  life,  or  alter  bar  dacMaa  M  the  admeatioa 
and  maintanaaca  of  ail,  or  any,  or  cttber  of  her 
children. 

MAsaiAion  oa  DAOiHtm  WmMvr  Wioaw'a  Com. 

Provided  akw,  that  tewM*  my  aaid  dnngh- 
ters  ahaU,  bafatn  their  reapaattva  agea  of  twan^ 
one  yaara,  intannarry  with  any  pMaon  or  per- 
aona, agnlnat  or  wttbnut  ttm  oanannt  of  any  aaid 
wits,  if  thea  Hvlnt,  but  tt  dead,  .witbowt  eht 

inaantor  appMhUran  of  my  aaid  aaeeatera,  or 


the  annrtnor  of  Hwrn  (such  coaseat  as  aibmaid  to  be 
KMified  by  amuag  under  the  respeeiiva  hand*  and  s«Ut 
of  my  said  wUk,  or  of  aty  said  cxecmais)  ■  than,  and 
In  anek  aana,  tha  latemat  •n^,a*er  tha  sate  of 
- — per  nan*,  on  tha  pattion  or  portioaaofattch 
daaguav  or  daughtara  ao  nMnryiag  withauk  auch 
consent  aa  aieraaaid,  ahalt  be  paid  to  her  ot  them 
during  heror  Mwir  saapactisaMs  or  ttvaa,  fcr  her 
or  theUr  aala  aad  aoparatt  uaa  and  baneflt,  anhi- 
atye  ot  mqr  haabaad;  and  that  niiaa  tha  death 
of  such  daughtor  or  daaghtaaa,  laaniylug  wtthaat 
such  conaant  aaaforwald,  *!u  aOKlten  or  portions, 
so  given  or  inwnde^  mw  such  danghtar  fr  daagh- 


HI  to  Hi 

lOOO,  «TC. 

104   d«vlM    aOtO    MJTMhl 

:cupation  of  my  dwtillni- 

d  county  of .  with  thi 

•unto  balongtng,  and  •(■o 

Ining  thtrato,  cMtod , 

long  ••  Bh«  shall  eonttnu* 
«0M  to  raald*  In  th«  aald 
do  diroct  my  tnittooa  of 
tra  h«r«lo«lt«r  Uinlt«d,to 

I  a,  and  occupy  tiM  aama 

TNaa. 

lat  my  aaid  wifa  ahall  and 
ta  wharain  I  now  dwell, 
dtiD  c«a«  aha  ahall  think 

II  and  may  hava  and  anjoy 
ira,  plala,  Unan,  chine  and 
Itarala  at  aay  dac«aaa,  tor 
ha  shall  ao  bag  rontlnua 
Tiad,  bat  aot  etharwiaa. 
Ink  psopaa  to  quit  tka  said 
r  aiy  dacsaaa,  tiMa  I  gWa 
my  aald  wUa,  tka  anm  of 
aattia  bar  la,  and  fw niah 
itlea  aba  may  cboear  to 

tAL  EsTATS.  ron  Vtm  oi 
;MTa«. 

war,  and  diraat  tha  aald 
I  iiwvAvoro  and  aurvivor 
of  my  Juatdabtt  and  In- 
Tsa  or  admlnlatration,  to 
r  own  banda,  durina  tha 
I  mv  paraonal  aatata  than 
ns  to  Invatt  in  banb  or 
tt  intaraat.on  good  aacur- 
iacoma  tbaroof  annually, 
I,  and  in  aucb  preportioas 
•dtant.to  paytemyaaid 
,  for  bar  aola  and  aaparata 
ittghtsr  ahall  aurviva  tha 
lacaaaa,to  pAy  tha  whjia 
B  bar,  to  bar  own  naa  fbr- 
It  aurvlva  tha  aald  H.  D., 
r  bsr  dacaasa,  to  appro- 
and  Incoma  tharaef  to  tha 
itlen  of  bar  cblMran,  or 
M  thay  ahaU  ludn  «po- 
Bthoftba  aaQH.9>  ta 
Bf  aald  panoool  aatata 
tbalr  raJpactlYO  naafcr- 
raaaatattvoa  of  amr  cblM 
id  to  bo  aatltlad  t»  tba 
paraat  would  bava  baaa 
lo  ftirthar  authertM  aad 
and  T.  R.,  nod  tha  aarvi- 
im,  during  tba  Uis  Of  tba 
ahall  iadga  oapadiabt.  to 
If  any  yart  9f  tha  prlnei- 
aatata,  attba*  to  thaaup- 
if  my  aald  tfaugbtar  dur- 
dacMBo  to  tba  adufeatmn 
or  any.  or  aubar  of  bar 

WmrnvT  Wioow'a  Coh- 
irr. 

B  eaao  my  aald  daagb- 
■paattara  acaa  of  twanty- 
rlih  any  paraon  or  pit- 

tha  aoaaaat  of  my  aaid 
It  if  daad.  wtlbaiit  tba 
Bf  my  aaU  aaamsara,  or 
h  coaiaat  as  aferaiaid  to  Im 
s  tapsciiwa  hand*  sad  isalt 
aid  cxacokon) ;  tl^a,  and 
•t  only,  aftar  tba  mta  of 
tioA  or  portlona  of  aoBh 
witiiam  such 


ittba  paid  M  bar  o*  tbam 
cttoaMB  ar  livaa,  fer  bar 


ad  that  iipoa  tha  daath 
dauchtar  9ir  dangh- 


CONVEYANCES. 


3<3 


tiri,  ahall  go  an^  ba  paid  to,  aad  for  tha  nao  and 
banaAt  of  all  and  avary  tha  child  or  ehlldran  of 
•uch  daughtar  ao  marrying  without  aueh  conaant 
••afoiaaaidi  Uiaaama  to  bo  divldad  aouallylo 
*nd  amongajtham,  ahara  and  abara  aliha  (If  mora 
iii>n  on*), «  -id  to  M  paid  to  Buch  child  Or  chlldran. 
st  hia,  bar,  or  thair  raspaattva  aga  or  agss  of 
t^sn^r-ona  vaara.  or  day  or  days  of  marriaga, 
which  BbaU  Brat  bappan,  togathar  with  intaicst 
for  tha  aama  aftar  Uia  rata  aforaaaid,  from  tha 
tima  of  tbalr  raapaativa  mothar's  daatn  until  tha 
•ama  bacoma  payablf  and  ba  paid. 
MA(,jiAoa  or  NilicBk  Withmt  funutm'  Cnmairr. 

..  '^•.!J'***  •''^'.ff  •  ""i  '"*  «•'"  •»*  maaning  U, 
t.iat  If  any  or  alUiar  of  my  aaid  tbraa  niacaa,  at 
sny  tlma  iMraaftar  during  tha  UfaUma  of  thair 
faOiarand  mothar  and  tha  aaid  T.  T.  (iha  inMwei, 
or  tha  aurvivota  or  aurvivor  of  tham,  do  aad  ahali 
marry  and  taha  to  huaband  any  paraoa  or  par- 
•ona,  wltlwnt  tha  approbation  and  conaant  of 
:hsir  aald  Ibtiiar  and  mothar,  and  tha  aaid  T.  T., 
or  of  two  of  tka  Burvivora  of  tham.  in  writing, 
undarbtoor  tbalr  hand  or  banda,  Arat  bad  and 
?i!"^"f!'''  *^f"*  **'  *"  *i»l>  •*••,  aU  aad  avary 
iha  davlaM,  baqutoM.  and  lagaciaa.  and  avary  of 
thsni.  ahali  caaaa,  datarmina.  and  k«coma  abso- 
Juisly  void,  fruatratodTand  ot  noaa  alfact  ia  law 
or  squlty.  to  all  lotantt  and  purpoaaa  whataoovar ; 
and  than  and  flrom  Ibancafoiib,  and  altar  auch 
marriagaand  inarrlagaa  without  auch  approbo- 
ion  aa  aftoraaaid,  I  do  glvo.  davtoa.  and  b^aath 
M  US?  •*;i«''F  »ha  maaauaj  aa,  ate.,  monay.  and 
Jllolhar  tha  baniAt  and  advantagaa  of  all  and 
Wsry  tba  itattara  and  tiiinga  haralabafora  givan. 
Jtvlaad.  or  baquaatbad,  or  wblcb  by  virtuo  o/ 
this,  my  wUI,  might  bavo  baan  bad,clalmad,or 
Icmandad,  by  aueb  of  my  aaid  alacaa  aa  ahall  ao 
marry  and  taha  haabaad  without  aueb  approba- 
"»»•■<  aaaaant  aa  afcraaald.  In  caaa  So  bad 
marriadjew.,wltba«Kh  approbation,  ata.,ta  such 
;<rmyaa)dnia«M,  thair  liarra,atc,aaBhaU  not  than 
OS  marriad,  or  if  marriad,  ta  bar  or  tham.  who  hath 
•r  hava  takaa  and  marriad  a  huaband  by  and  with 
lueb  approbattan  and  caoaaat  aa  aforaaaid. 

'J^"f.5'J^'!?**«»"  «>  ■■  Tak«ii  With  Eutatb. 
.fc'WIf*  alwaya,  and  my  will  nat-arthalaaa  ia, 
that,lf  t)io  Baraoaa  tawboaa  uaa  tha  aaid  f^aa- 
hold,  ate.,  ate.,  art  hardnbafbra  davlaad  or  Hm- 
Ittd,  in  romalndar  llrom  and  altar  tha  daeaaaa  of 
my  aaM  daughtar,  D.  B.,  do  not  and  ahall  not,  as 
SSlS?*"  l^y  r^  aovatally,  bv  «lrti.a  of  tba 
dtviaao  and  Umltatlona  harelabafero  eoetalaad, 
btcoma  and  bo  antltlad  In  poaaaaaloa  ta  tha  9^ 
prtmiaao^aw. , raaMativoly,  or  ta  rMalva  and  taha 
tha  preflta  thareef,  una.  aaauma,  and  taha  upon 
thamaalvaa  raapaatlveljr.  tha  aurnama  of  B..  and 

from  thaacafcrtb  iaravar.  tharaaRar  continua  to 
nama,atylo.  aadwrtta  thamaalvaa,  In  aU  daada, 
^?yyjy»^  — <  orWaga.  fmi  «Mtbair  atmoat 
codaavora  Ibr  poaiwtaa  ■ndobtaMag  hia  m^Jaa- 
ty'a Ueaoaa aidautlwrRy  iSr  tSSTrMpactiv* aa- 
~!l!L"*i2i*'*iH.**  "^  •amamacTB.  only, 
!L?£f5/2?*^\*¥*^'  •»  V^  ao  ta  do,  Ibr  tfia 
■paea  of  ata  eatandar  mc  Jtba  altar  thay^U  aav. 

be  of  Iha  ago  oftwaatr***  yaata  or  imwardai 
Than,  and  aa  oitoa  aalho  eaSa  ahaU  aSlwi 


W.  ahall  not  accept  of  tha  provlalena  and  lag. 
acica  hareinbarore  by  ma  made  and  given  her 
es  aroresald,  and  ahaU,  at  any  uma  or  timea  here- 
afur.  proaecata  any  action  or  ault  for  dower, 
thirds,  or  any  other  part  of  my  eetatae,  real  or 
o«rional,  other  than  what  I  hava  ao  hafelnberore 
devised  and  given  her,  then  and  in  that  case  the 

eeveral  annuities  of ,  and  amounting  together 

to  — — •  and  each  of  them,  and  all  other  iegaclsB 
and  beoueeta  hereby  by  me  before  given  or  In- 
tended to  be  given  to  her.ehall  cease  and  ba  void 
to  all  intents  and  purpeaea,  anything  to  tha  con- 
trary notwlthatanding. 
Salb— PowBB  OF,  arc,  To  SvrroRT  DAucHTea. 
I  do  her^y  authorlie  and  empower  the  eald  B. 
X.  and  T.  R.,and  the  Burvlvora  and  Burvivar  of 
thsm  during  the  Ufa  of  tha  said  H.  D.,  if  they 
ehall  Judge  expedient,  either  in  the  lifetime  of 
my  aald  daughter,  for  her  aupport  and  malnte- 
nanca.  or  after  her  deceaaa  in  the  llfetima  of  tha 
*Vz  "'  P:i  '"'  ****  maintenance  and  education 
or  her  children,  or  any  or  either  of  them,  to  aell 
and  convev,  for  aucb  pricao  aa  thay  ahali  deem 
proper.  In  fee  elmple,  or  for  any  leaa  estate,  all  or 
any  pert  of  my  meeeuagee,  landa.  and  tanamenta 
aroraeaid,  and  tha  whole  procecda  of  aueh  aalo 
or  aalaB,  or  any  oart  thereof,  or  tha  intarcat  and 
Incoma  thareuT,  tnm  tima  t<>  time,  and  at  auch 
timea  and  placaa.  In  auch  proportiona  aa  they 
may  Judge  eapadient,  to  appropriate  to  all  or  any 


of  the  aal 


.  to  pay  tha  whole  proceede  of 

— ... y,4f4 -- 


SJ'f."^*^*''?"  remaining  unta  my  aaid  daughter. 
If  IMng.  fSwr  her  own  uea  foravar ;  otherwiM,  to 
diatributa  the  aama  among  bar  ahildren,  to  their 


the  eatata  and  Intaraot  of  Mm,  bar.  or  tham  ao 


s  part  of  «y  aald  raaldMfir  aatata. 
RavncanoM  or  Pfmrnait  am»  Ldoacmb  ir  Wwa 

__j.?8«»SJ  Dowaa,  oa  Third,  arc. 

PravMad  Itethar,  that  ia  caaa  my  aald  wife 


of  the  purooMa  aforae(.id  (  and  after  tha  daceaee 
lid  H.  D.  te ■"' 

Bi 

wi 
— — ^-w  «.<.  ...ja  among  ..«*  «fi»wr«n,  i«  ui«i 
reepectlva  usea  forever,  ae  tenanu  In  common : 
and  the  legai  repreeenuUvaa  of  any  child,  who 
inay  Lava  deceaeed,  te  ba  entitled  to  the  aama 
atiara  aa  bU  or  her  parent  Would  hava  baaa,  if 
then    vlng. 

....  AifOTHaa. 

I  do  further  authoriie  and  empower  tha  aald 

»  *•  ••>■  »•  "•.  and  tha  aurvivora  and  aurvivor 

?..«u??ll,  .  *•••  *!'  P'feanal  eauta  ahall  ba  In- 

chargea,  to  eell  and  convey  in  fee  aimpla,  or  for  a 
leaa  aatate,  and  for  aucK  pricea  aa  th'ef  ahaU 

i!?A*--iP!*"*"*'  ■«'«»»,?•«•  o'my  meoBuagea, 
landa,  and  tenemente  aforeaaid,aa  may  bo  necee- 
aapr  for  that  purpoaa,  and  tha  proceede  of  euch 
•ala  or  aalM  to  appropriata  thareta. 

And  further,  the  receipt  or  receipto  In  wrltinv 
of  any  aaid  daughtar  to  die  aaid  B.TandT.  R., 

r  •ir'fS^  "OJ"!  ?"  •"/  ••"»•  •'  monay  paid  to 
her  by  virtue  of  ^la  wilT  and  toatamant;  abaU  ba 
a  good  and  BuOeiant  dlacbarga  unto  tliemlaod 
2ttw(i5i.        •  *•"**•  ^  covartura  aotwIU? 

Surr  BV  Wir«,  arc.    See  RavocATtOH.  arc.,  above. 

....  *'"*"'"o  Up  Tbstator's  BtmiNns,  btc. 
i..JIfi!L'!V"**  *•  "y  •hare  and^lnttreet  In  tha 

bueineea  or .  now  carried  on  by  me  at .  in 

partnarahip  wltfc — ,  under  tha  Km  of  •—  aiid 
CO.,  I  empower  the  aaacutora  or  eaecutor  for  the 
time  being  of  thla  my  will,  to  adjuat  and  Mttia 
all  accounu  and  tranMctWna  relaiSiM  to  tiiaaaid 

and  coacama  tharaof  and  aac«rtaln  tba  amount 
?'  ^  '****^J¥^  >»taraat  therein,  altbar  according 

L-i5!J£S3K?'»  ^i?«.«*<''^  •'  partnarShiJ 
vndar  which  tha  aaid  buainaaa  ehaU  bacarried  on 
•t n7<>oc*Mo> ar  upon  aucb  other tarma and  in 

tS^'^iS'SSr"*  '^HL^  agreed  Mb^ew 
<h.«  «.  M..  .-J  — aurvijrtag  partaaraer  part- 

•"  — M  aaaantora  or  eaecu- 
— --  -t;---t—  t..--— '»-~— '.  Or  otbarwiae  to  com- 


them  or  Mm  aad  my  aurvivii 
ner,  i»ith  pewar  fbr  tba  aald 
tar  to  ralir  to  arbltratioa,  o 


or  about  tba  wig 


theraby 


ing  up  of  the  aald  concern,  in 

'■~f  or  he  may  tblnh  At,  and 

aaecuta  all  auch  acta  and 


aucb  OMUuiar  oa  they  w 

Iffiwr^  »a  do  anTaaa ^. 

Qiinga  m  ratetloa  to  the  pramlaaa  aa  may  appear 

t>eio£^nawerabla  for  any  loaa  wblcb  may  ariaa 


ifW.r,§S3f.«j? 

At,ta  permit  Uia  wbotaoran: 


I  may  I 

aiMcutora  or  ementor. 
ar  hia  dtacfatldn  ttlak 
anypartofthoaaloaat 


9M 


CONVEYANCES. 


which  on  Uhlng  tha  Mceanuof  thtsald  partntr- 
•hip  ahall  appair  ta  ba  dua  ta  nay  aataUi  at  and 
far  my  ahara  and  Intaraat  In  tha  aald  bualnaaa,  to 
ramaiii  In  tha  aald  bualnaaa  aa  a  laan  for  any  pa- 
riad  not  aiaaadiag  aavan  yaara  Aram  my  dactaM, 
bvt  ao  that  tha  rapaymaat  tharaef,  with  Intaraat 
aftar  tha  rata  of— —par  cant,  par  annum, ahall 


ba  aacurad  by  tha  lolnt  and  aavaral  bond  of  tha 

raona  or  paraon  Tar  tha  tima  balnc,  eantlnuinc 
Barry  an  tha  aald  bualnaaa  altnar  with   or 


without  any  othar  aaaarlty  for  tha  aama,  aa  tha 
aald  aaaeutora  or  aaacntar  ahall  think  At  i 
'  A  nd  aubjaot  to  tha  provialona  harainbafbra  con- 
talnad  aa  to  tha  aald  bualnaaa,  I  ampowar  my 
truataaa  or  truataa  to  poatpona  tha  aala  and  con* 
varalon  of  my  raal  and  paraonal  aatate  for  ao  long 
M  thay  or  ha  ahall  think  ftt. 

€*««lnBtMM  «•  WHMmi  Wills. 

In  witnaaa  wharaof,  I  hava  haraunto  aat  my 
hand  (and  teal),  thia  —  day  of —.In  tha  yaar 


(AMydhuute  aUulmtlm  ktrt.) 


{Smi.l 


In  wItnaaa  wharaof,  I,  tbo  aald  A.  B.,  hava 

kaaaundar  aat  my  hand,  tnla day  of -^. 

{Atm  wUnttiit  aOtMtmihm  ktrt.)  A.  B. 

In  wttaaaa  wharaof,  I  haira  haraanto  anbacrlbad 
■y  MUBa  (and  aMaad  my  Mil),  tha  —  day  of—. 
{Add  adNMiMf'  mtmt»U»i$  ktrt.) 

In  witnaaa  wharaof,  I  hava  algnad  (and  Halad), 
Mid  puMlahad,  and  daalarad  thIa  Inatrumant  my 

win.  at ,  In ,  tbla day  of . 

A.  a    iStml.\ 

(/!««««#«»«■  ttttikUbm  »4r».) 

In.  wItnaaa  wharaof,  I,  A.  B.,  tha  taautor,  havo 
to  thla,  my  rrfll,  wrlttan  on  ona  ahaat  of  papar, 
aat  my  band,  thla  —  day  of—. 

{^di  itUntu*^  atUtflkm  ktrt.) 

In  witnaaa  wharaof,  I,  A.  B..  taalator  afaraaald. 
havo  to  thla,  my  will,  coaalatlnc  («rwriu«n  oa) 
— — .  ahaata  of  papar  («rMrchBMm). aat  my  band 

and  aaal  (at  iha  bottom  oi  aaeh  ihMtt,  thla day 

of .  A.B.    [Sitlr 

{AddwUmtM^  tMtHaHtmktrt.) 

In  witnaaa  wharaof,  I,  tha  aald  A.  B.,  hava  to 
thia,  my  laat  will  and  taatamant,  eontalnad  In  thla 
..^-  . ... ..— ^  aat  my  hand  and 

— ^iB  of  aaeh  of 


and  tha  foor  praeading 

aaaldowki:  my  band  to  tha 


aald  Ibur  ahaata  and  my  hand  and  aaal  to  thla  laat 

"    ttho         

baraallai'~ 
day  of . 


ahaat,  and  my  aaal  at 

laUaaidahaatoaraflMd  t«ii«tbar,tbla— 


wba 


toe  of  aald  fbnr  ahaatat 
■     *     °1;athar,tbla— 

A.B.  iaM/.j 


(AMwUntut^  mUuUtlrm  ktrt.) 

In  witnaaa  wharaof,  I  hava.  on  tha  day  and  yaar 
bartlnbafora  mantlonad,  taenia,  my  laat  will  and 
taattmaat,  conAatnad  in  ---  ahaata  of  papar,  aat 
my  hand  and  aaal,  in  tha  mannar  faUowIng,  to 
mtt  to  tha  Arat  —  ahaata  tharaof  1  hava  aat  my 
hand,  bgr  anbaerlblnc  tha  aama  wHh  my  aama  t 
and  to  tha— and  laat  ahaat  tharaof  I  hava  algnad 
and  anbacrlbad  my  nama,  and  aat  my  aaaL 

{Add witiutttt'tSttUuUim  ktrt.)    A.  B.    [£«•/.] 

JtnmtmUmmamtWHwMmmm  f  WHMca 
Wills. 

A  puaen  mutt  not  ealy  be  of  Mond  mlad  at  tha  tiaw 
af  making  hit  will,  but  alio  at  Iha  atMatation  af  it  by 
thi  wltniiiti  * 

•ignad  and  acknowladgad  by  aald  taatatdr.  In 
tha  praaancB  of  ua,  who  haraunto  anbaeriba  onr 
namaa.  In  tba  praaanca  of  aald  taMtar*  and  or 
aacb  othar.  W.  I..  T.  H.,  B.  •. 

8ignad.pabllahad,and  dactaratf  tartha  nbovo- 
namad  A.  B.,  aa  and  tor  hia  laat  wOl  and  tantn* 
mantflntha  praaanca  of  na,  whot  at  bla  raqnaat, 
tevo  algnad  as  wltnaaaaa  to  tha  aama. 

■  WFa  Taj  Wa  Va 


figaad,sariM,pBUtahad,sa«  daalarad  by  tha 
•dCA.  B.  M  kis  hat  wUl  sad  taalsmai>t,ls  tks 
»'Do«iJLa4. 


praaanca  of  na.  who,  in  hia  praaanca,  and  at  hit 
raouaat,  hava  naraunto  aat  our  namaa  •■  wit- 
W.  T.,N.  B. 


Tha  aald  A.  B.,  at  — ,  In  —  county,  on  taid 
—  day  of —,  algnad  and  aaalad  thla  inatrumtnt, 
and  pul>Ua;iad  ana  daclarad  tha  aama  aa  and  (or 
hiA  Mat  will  and  taatamant ;  and  wa,  at  bit  rc- 
quaat,  and  In  hia  praaanca,  and  in  tha  praaanca  of 
aach  othar,  hava  ncraunto  wrlttan  our  namaa  at 
aubacrlbing  wltnaaaaa.  W.  I. ,  T.  N . ,  B.  8. 

— 'Blgnad,aaalad,publiahad,  and  daclarad  by 
tha  abova-namad  A.  B.,  aa  and  for  bla  laat  win 
and  taatama.it.  In  tha  praaanca  of  ua.  who,  at  hii 
raquaat,  and  In  hia  praaanca,  bava  auoacrlbcd  our 
namaa  aawltaaaaaa  tharaunto;  {(^s  dufikatt  it 
txttuttdmt  tht  Mtmt  Umt,  tmy)  aa  wa  hava  likawit* 
dona  to  a  dupUcata  of  tha  abova-wrlttan  will  at 
tha  aama  tIma.  W.  l.,of- 

T.r    - 

B.I 


M.,of .) 

,R,of .\ 

.•..of J 


Tha  abova  inatrumant.  aanalatlng  of  on 
(«r  iwo  ihaau),  waa,  at  tha  data  tharaof.  'Signed, 
aaalad,  Bttbllakad.  and  daalarad  by  tha  aaldA.  B. , 
aa  and  far  hia  hut  will  and  taatamant.  In  praaanct 
of  na,  who,  at  hia  raqnaat  and  in  hia  praaanca. 
and  in  tha  praaanca  of  aaeh  othar,  hava  aubaaribao 
our  namaa  aa  wltnaaaaa  tharato.     / 

W.  T.,  raaiding  at  — ,  In  — '  aaunty. 

N.  S.,  raaiding  at  — — ,  in  —  county. 

Tha  abova  inatramant,  conaiallng  of  ona  ahaat, 
waa,  at  tha  data  tharaof,  daclarad  to  uabjr  A.  B~ 
tha  taautor  thorain  naantionad,  to  ba  hia  bat  will 
and  taatamant;  and  ha  at  tha  aama  tima  ac- 
knowladgad to  na,  and  aach  af  na,  that  ha  had 
algnad  and  aaalad  tha  aama.;  and  wa  tharanpon, 
at  hia  raquaat,  and  in  hia  praaanca,  and  In  tha 
praaanaa  of  aaeh  ethar,  algnad  our  namaa  tharata 


» 


'.  T.,  raaiding  at - 
N.  •.(  raatning  nV- 


-,in. 

',1b- 


■  connty. 


Tba  abova-wrlttan  laairBmaBt  waa  anbacrlbad 

a  tha  aald  A.  B.^  in  rar  praaanca,  and  aaknowl- 
gad  by  him  «•  asch  of  na:  and  ha  at  tba  aama 
tima  pubMatiad  and  daclarad  tba  abova  inatra- 
mant ao  aubaeribad  to  ba  hia  laat  will  and  taata- 
mant; and  wa.  at  tha  taautor'a  raqnaat,  and  la 
bla  praaanca,  bava  algnad  our  naaaaa  aa  wl^ 
naaaaa  harato,  and  wnttan  oppoattd  onr  namaa 
•or  raapaattva  ptoaaa  of  ratldanaa. 

W.L.of ,in 

T.  M.,  of—.  In  — . 
B.  •.,  of-——,  la  — . 
CoMCtoaioii  AKD  AmarAneii  imeas  tub  Lawa  ov 
EnotAm. 
In  wUnaaa  wharaof.  I,  tha  aald  A.  B..hav«bara- 
nndar  aat  my  hand,  tUa  —  day  of  — ,  A.  D. 

.  [Sifitrt »/ ttUtdmr.} 

■ignad  and  daclarad  by  thit  aald  A.  &.aaaBd 
far  Ua  laatwiU  and  taatamcat,ln  tha  praaanca  of 
ua  (both  baiw  prttam  at  iha  taaia  dma),  who,  at  hit 
raquaat,  la  bla  praaanca  and  la  tha  nraaaaea  af 
aaeh  otaar,  hava  barauata  anbacrlbad  our  aatataa 
as  wltnaaaaa. 

{SIgmtmrt*  ^wUmmu.) 
CoMCtoaiMi  AMB  AmarAtim  nmaa  tms  Laws  oa 
MAaaACMmans. 
Saa  CoNCUitiOM,  «be«a. 
Mgnai,  aaalad.  paMMMd,  and  daelafodjnr  tba 
abowMMmad  A.  B.,as  sad  CRT  Ma  laat  wUI  aad 
taatamaat,la  tbo  ptaaaaca  of  dm  thrao  aavaral 
pcraona,  whooa  nsoMS  do  baranndar  appaar  IB  ba 
by  tbam  sabBcribad  aa  witnaasaa  ta  tba  algalng, 
aaallng,  aadpuMUhlnf  tha  aama,  wM^  nH 
aavard  MraowTud  as  horanndar  anbMrlha  tb^ 
aamaa,  HI  Mm  pcaaaaea  of  tha  taatater.  Bad  to  tha 
sf  aaeh  othar,  two  aavaral  iaterilBa- 

telntwe 
IH'jf.-iav- 
::«*  tJiraa 


W.L.of .) 

T.  M..Bf-— .^ 
1.  •.,  of— ^ j 


fe^ 


a  his  praMnea,  and  •!  hli 
o  Mt  our  n*m«t  ■•  wit- 
W.  T.,N.  ». 

— ,  In  — -  county,  on  Mid 
tnd  MaUd  this  inslrum«nt, 
lM«d  Ui«  ■•m*  M  aod  (or 
mtnt ;  and  w«,  at  hia  rc- 
tcaiand  in  tha  praaanca  of 
ato  writtaa  our  namaa  at 
W.  I.,T.  N.,B.  8. 

lubliahad,  and  daalarad  by 
i.,a«  and  for  bia  laat  will 
praaanca  of  ua.  who,  at  hit 
lanca,  bava  aubacrlbad  our 
laraunta ;  (if  »  Atflkaf  u 
t,  —f)  aa  wa  bava  lihawiM 
tbo  abovo-wrlttan  will  at 

W.  I.,or- 

T. 


M.,or — .) 

H.cf A 

,»..  or — J 


)t,MaalBtlnB  of  eaaahaat 
tba  data  tharoof,  stlcncd, 
daclarad  by  tho  aaid  A.  B., 
lad  taalamant,  la  praaanca 
inaat  aad  in  bla  praaanca, 
•eb  othar,  havo  aubaaribad 
•  tharato.  i 
»g  at  — ,  in  — —  oannty. 

■  at  — ,  in  •—  eouaty. 

It,  conaistiBf  of  ona  ahaet, 
•r,  daclarad  to  ua  by  A.  B., 
intiOMd,  to  b«  bia  bat  wili 
ba  at  tiia  aama  tiaia  ac- 
1  aacb  of  oa,  that  ba  bad 
lama.;  and  wa  tbaranpon, 
I  bia  praaanca,  and  In  tba 
,  aifnad  our  namaa  tharato 

»f  at  -— ,  in  —  county. 

■  af^— ,  In  —  county. 

Mtramanl  waa  anbaerlbcd 
W'  praaancOt  and  aatanowK 
if  nai  and  ho  at  tbo  aama 
•clarod  tho  above  Inatru- 
ba  bia  laat  will  aad  taata- 
taatator'a  roqusat,  aad  in 

Snad  our  namaa  aa  wit- 
Itan  oppoattiii  our  eamaa 
if  raaldanco. 

W.L.af ,in 

T.N.,of ,in . 

B.  •. ,  of  — ,  la -— . 

TAvioM  imsaw  tMB  Laws  or 

«itAim. 

I,  tbo  aald  A.  B.i  ha««  baro- 

bla day  of  — ,  A.  D. 

\Sb»atur»  af  ttUaiarA 
Ibyffiaoald  A.  &,aaand 

rent,  in  tha  praaanca  of 
Maw  liaM).  who.  at  bia 
CO  and  la  tba  praaanca  af 
into  aubacribod  our  nataaa 


r..) 

rATMM  uMBaa 


tMaL*«to» 


•had. aaidaclarad  bf  the 
laadfiwhlaiaatwUland 
■onco  of  tfM  throo  oawaral 
da  baraHB4or  appear  to  ba 
I  wttnaeeea  to  no  iimlnK. 
la  ttw  aamo,  wbMi  eald 
rhoravadar  aubaniha  tfMir 
I  of  tte  taatMor.aai  hi  tba 
m,  twa  aavoral  laterMna* 
I,  and  aevaral  worda  ia  two 
I, in  teUa  Ml  andf?'>r;iav 

in\U0M. 

W.  I.,of .) 


CONVEYANCES. 


CoHCLUMON  AM  AmtTATiow  imsaa  tmi  Uwioa 

ih  7  mJ"uIS1m  V/i'.""""'  1^>"M")  have  to 
__Jh2L.7!i}!l'iL'""' J"^"**"'  «onaiatln«  of 

•ub^rlbad  byfi%."r.«;rfn';h7'X«':i'.r 
tach  of  ua  (•r^AcknowW,*!  by  Ih. 'wuwTru  JmH 
of  u<  lo  h.v«  bMn  *ubKHI^  by  him),  and  at  the 

^Tir.^"^^-;^';;:  aSj  t''hrrafe„-ivMa'S 

C>NClUMOM  AMD  ATTBtTATIOH  imOBn  TNt  LaWCO* 
PlNNaVLVAinA. 

10  fhill  «?'JTM*'TSli'*  *•  ■••  ••»  ««««tor.  have 
to  iMa.  my  will,  written  on  one  cheat  of  paoar 
(#rjpari1.aHW),  act  my  band  and  aeal.  ihia  -^JaJ 


3«S 


ma«r'  *•''•'•  "•'•  '•  *•  "y  '••«  will  and  teeta- 
•.';..!  ■'*•  ^"*  k««|ueath  to  my  wifa.C.  B., all  the 
h2i«h^iJP'i!li:^  '^'••'  !««">'•>«•.  Unan,  china* 
household  goodi,  furniture,  chattale.  anJ  affect* 
ih^V.•^'"  ■»"«?,.»•■  •wuniU.  h.  monay).  which 

.n!i  iJSiI'.*"  H*!T*f  ^»»  •">'  ••"  *••'•.  her  hairs 


iMtament,  In  the  preaence  of  ua,  who  have  here- 

STSd  oValSj.'Uw.'**-"**  °'  •*•  "ItT^ 

T.  M.' 

s.  a, 
waiTRH  wiLui  AMR  rwmwAwmtm. 

Iriilt).  P«^»««. to C.  D. (revokli^OlKiS? 

s.  lappolnt  B.  X.,  eaeeuter  of  this  win. 

■tenod  and  ^baowiedced  thio day  of 

S:.f}l«h««r..  A.  a 

I  A  y»V*^  WIIJ-JMINM*  rmrM. 

Iflvo,4evlae,  and  bequeath  my  eeUM  and  pros. 

J.i!£nr  !kL  ^-  ^^:r'  • •  eaecntor  {»r  ti. 

Muion)  of  Ihle,  my  win. 

^  Anaatinpraa^Koo^oaM  ^^»^  ^^^^^ 

.n  th.JS^a5f"i5!r*  '•«■•  * 

c.JiS;i^!-pa'sr.s?'of»^»  aioir  -•^  •"-  - 
^£i.W!:'Syr-i«'h.«i'rrer'i;5s 


tieSrr'w^h  111  .ki  .  ''**'y  '**  '"-"  '''""'^>. 
h^««.?-_rArh'  »•»•  •PPU'tenaneae  tharaunto 

i   I  .!?•-•  ""S  t*''*  •"?  ■•elf  na,  forevtr. 

:ft;^mt•a!^r1:hd^•„"t.^•ir  *'••'" -" 

eum  of —•iSiu^''  •»*»"••»»»  »•  "y  ••"  wife  the 


J}*.? '.wi*^'**  *^  "■■ko  the  aald  W.  asecu- 

Wf  ned  and  SMlod  tho day  of . 

ai(ne4.aoaied.pnblMied,otJ^     A.  B.  [5W.J 

%.    *^«"^«  »•  »>»  e««y  •'  Undw'UnSI! 

..'J''I!l1**'^>  ""^  bequeath  an  my  real  aetata 
■■xTpereonal  eatau  wlMtaoevw  and  whenSa! 

J|"'  I  *ESS?"*,.">r  MM  wife  eole  execntria  of 
tiA.B.,«r._i^lathaeramyof--I^raadBlaia  I 


aum  of dollar*. 

I;  I  five  and  device  to  my  eon.  D.  B..  hic  h«ira 

?i*aM!^^w:th'LViVH«- L'''':f^^''' ""^^^ 

ISlVJlffi.**"''  *V  y**  "•'•JItamenta  and  appurta- 
naneea  thereunto  belonfini,  or  In  anywU*  aDMrl 

.^•J  T*^  »»equeath  the  foUowIng  leneiee  to  tha 
mU/iS.ST'JIJ.'L  rha\MaUWa'; 

.ufec:siKy''JL's;'ib't.^%*';?jr-»- 

■»'>^'««»«<  fcy  the  teetater  In  tha  preeitlcf'of 

InTtAVa'STn^.'^  ""«  '^  "  «•'«.  hX^arw^tt' 

WItneaa  our  hasda  thia day  of A  a 

*  W.i. 

T.N. 

I,  A.  B.jof  the  townablp  of ,  in  tha  county 

SJ!i.7ottn';!"tbV.ia'sr^5!r"''°  •»•»»•'•»«• 

diIitid''whi[-ol"JL«l'"'''"»^"'  •»»•«  becon- 
2«SS!LJ!r-  "i  PJwPt  ■nneceeaary  parade  or 
oeteiitatien,  and  that  the  expenaae  tnaraaf  tel 

getberjjrtth ollmy jutt aabta. K funy pildf  •  *^ 

wf«iS)ii.''i{.frnreu's^':?x*w^if£':a 
fft^Mi^  »^«  pir-t'tion  •r^iTh''ii'.'?"  ;iSd'.i 

in*  two  hundred  and  tea  acrea,  or  thereabout 
durin«  her  natural  hfet  And  aA  UMTuvZewX' 

furniture  and  other  iteme.  aot  Barticulartvii>m>rf 

J!!lr-£«e7iW:^?Sa3;^^ 

sSf'VTd.tetwjairitvS^ 

the  propcftv  hereby  devleed  or  b^uoMhedto  A?" 
aa  aVoreeald,  or  ae  much  tharecTaTmaythen  »' 
main  uncxpafdcd.  I  |.ve  unto  my  thS!f ^7.".  g^ 
OMand  H.,  and  to  their  heire  and  aaalcna.  for* 

.  >■  I  give  and  devtee  to  my  eldeat  ^n  ■  »•<« 
«»rm  on  which  he  ww  reaid2,tttMtJd.  ;i?:;.*J5 
containing  one  hundred  and  fifty  acrea  or  t^r;. 
about.,  affd  to  hte  heir,  and  «.igSffa^'^*'- 
4.  I  give  and  dovlae  to  my  aeMM^  eon?a  the 

etc,  and  eoatalalag  mm  hiwdnd  aad  tea  acreal 


ff 


CONVEYANCES. 


!•  him,  Ik*  Mid  O.,  Ma  haira  mn4  aaalf  nt,  In  faa 
■Implf. 

|.  I  (Iva  ui4  4*«lM  to  r%y  third  ton,  N.,  Ih« 

houM  and  lot,  In  tha  —  of .  In  tha  county  and 

•lata  alaraaaid,  now  In  tha  occupancy  of  I.  K., 

known  and  daaianatad  In  tha  plan  of  aald by 

No.  47,  to  hlaa,  tha  aaid  N.,hla  haira  and  aaalgna 
fortvar. 

And,  laat ;  I  haraby  conatltuta  and  appoint  n«y 
aald  wifa,  W. , and  mv  aald  aon,  ■.,  >o  ba  tha  «mc. 
utria  and  aaactttor  ofthla.  my  laat  will  and  latta- 
mant.  ravobing  and  annulling  all  rormtr  willi  by 
■na  mada,  and  ratifying  and  conArm^ng  thli,  and 
ao  othar,  to  ba  my  laat  will  and  taatamant. 

At  B* 

signed,  publlihad,  and  daelarad  by  tha  abova- 
namad  A.  B.,aa  and  for  hia  laat  will  and  taata- 
mcnt.  In  prcaanca  of  ua,  who,  at  bla  raquaak,  hava 
algnad  aa  witnaaaaa  to  tha  aama.  u  a  ' 

N*  Sa 

WHttON  WIII-CI*n«>ri»l  r«rta. 

IT/M  Kirinn  Btfrntti  ttmii  Ptvlitt. 

I,  A.  B..  of,  ate.,  do  maha  and  publlih  thia,  my 
•rat  aa  wall  aa  laat  will  and  taatamant : 

r  dlract,  that  my  body  ba  daeantly  intarrad  In 
tha  burial  ground  of church.  In ,  accord- 
ing to  tha  ritaa  and  earamonira  or  aald  church, 
add  thatmyfonaral  bo  conducted  In  a  manner 
corresponding  with  my  aauta  and  aituaUoo  In 

And,  aa  to  each  worldly  eatata  aa  It  hath  plaaaad 
Ood  to  lotruat  me  with.  I  diapoae  oi  the  aama  aa 
followa !  .  ^         .  ^         , 

PIrat !  I  direct  that  all  my  debta  and  fkineral  »*• 

Eenaee  be  paid  aa  aoen  after  my  deceaaa  ae  poaal- 
le,  out  of  the  Arat  meaeya  that  ahall  come  Into 
the  hande  of  my  encatora,  from  any  portion  ol 
my  eatata,  real  or  potaenal. 

Xiao :  I  direct  that  a  (air  valuation  or  appralaa- 
ment  bo  mada,  according  to  law,  ol  all  my  aetata, 
by  throe  competent  and  impartial  naighbora. 

Alee  I  I  direct  that  an  my  atock  In  trade  bo  aold 
at  pubUe  vandtiai  or  outery,  for  good  currant 
money,  bat  not  upon  credit ;  and  that  all  the  real 
eatau  of  which  I  ahaH  die  aaiiad,  or  poaaeaaad. 
■hall  ba  aold  by  my  eaecatora,  tor  ita  raaaonabto 
value,  for  like  currant  money,  or  on  aucb  credit, 
and  tno  amount  thereof  bo  aeeured,  in  auch  a 
manner  aa  m  uaual  In  Ilka  caaaa,  to  inaure  the  (bit 
and  punctual  payment  thereof:  And  to  afflict 
thia,  my  intention,  I  do  hereby  veat  in  my  eaecu- 
tore  fall  power  and  authority  to  diapaaa  of  my 
real  aawte,  in  t—  aimple.  or  for  a  Urm  of  yeare, 
or  othetwiaa,  in  aa  ftaU  and  largo  a^mannor.  In 
averyreopact.a8lcouldmMelf  dp,  if  living. 

Alao :  I  direct  that  the  wholo  of  my  bonaehoM 
furniture  ahall  ba  and  remain  tha  abaotute  prop- 
erty of  my  belowad  wifo.if  aha  ahall  b«  livlag  at  tho 
tima  of  my  dacaaao ;  but,  if  aha  ahall  not  aurviva 
me, than  that  the  eamo  ahall  bo  given,  abaolirtaty, 
to  my  daughura  then  unmarriad,  aa  ahall  ba  liv- 
Ine.  ahara  and  aharo  alike,  and  to  be  apportioned 
by  three  impartial  nelghbora,  mutually  choaan  by 
my  aald  daughtam  for  that  purpoau. 

Xiao:  I  do  direct  that  tha  notproceoda  of  my 
peraonal  eatata,  berotofbra  ordered  by  me  to  ba 
diapoaad  of,  be  divided  o^nally  aa  aoon  aaltcan 
be  done,  ahai*  and  ohnra  attbo,  amongat  my  laid 
wife  and  my  aeveraJ  childton  who  ahall  aurviva 
mo:  and  that  tho  procaadi  of  my  real  oaute,  if 
aold  on  credit,  ahallbc dividod  in  Uka  mwMier, aa 
aoon  aa  they  ahaN  oooao  Into  tlia  baada  of  my  an- 
Mutora. 

The  heira  or  fenfaaentatlvaa  nf  any  of  my  chil. 
dren,  who  ohoU  bava  lied  bat«vaa«  Mio  tima  of 
my  deceaaa  and  tha  «lmo  af  auch  diviaion  or  di*> 
ttibution,  to  bo  anUtlad  to  anch  ohoro  or  aharoo 
na  their  reapectivo  ancootors  would  hava  boon 
entitled  to  reeoiva  if  thoy  wero  Uviag. 

And.  tha  aharo  of  my  roal  and^  pwMMl  MtMe, 
iiarain  beaueathed  to  my  wife,  to  bo  In  lieu  of  bar 
dowar,  at  comman  law.  If  aba  ahall  oo  olaet. 

And,  I  do  hereby  utpoint  and  iiominata  my  oO; 
teemed  aoighbore,  C.  D.  and  B.  V.,  CHoautora  of 
thia.  oay  laat  win  ond^  taMamaot,  repo^ng  tM 
cooAdanaa  ici  thoir  laMgrity  t*  porform  tho  troat 
tbaa«MnmtMad  to  thorn..  _     ^ 


to  thie,  my  will,  written  on  ono  ahoet  of  p«p«t 

oel  my  hand,  thia day  of ,  In  the  ytar  -— . 

A.  B. 
Signed  and  dallvarati  In  tha  preaanee  of  ua,  who 
have  aubacrlbad  In  the  preaanee  of  each  otntr. 

W.  T. 
N.  S. 

Wrltt^N  Will-CI«a*rNl  ronit. 

M7/A  I'arioMi  Bt^ntilt  n»H  Ihviui. 

In  tha  name  of  Ood.    Aman. 

I.  A.  B.,  of  tha  county  of  — ,  In  the  State  of 
— ,  farmar,  being  weak  in  bodyi«r  m  perliii 
haatch  of  timly,  »i  Tht  tnu  may  to,  and  of  aound 
mind,  mamory,  and  undaratanding ;  but,  condd- 
erIAg  the  uncertainty  of  thia  iranaltory  life,  da 
make  and  publieh  thie,  my  laat  will  aad  tadii- 
ment,  in  manner  and  form  following,  to  wit : 

Pirot :  It  la  my  will,  and  I  do  order,  that  all  my 
Juat  debta  and  funeral  aapenaea  ba  duty  paid  and 
aatlaflcd,  aa  aoon  ca  conveniently  can  be,  aftti 
my  dacsaie. 

hem  I  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  my  dear  wlf«, 
W.,  or,a  bed,  one  cow,  elc.eu.,  together  with 
OMCh  of  my  houaahold  furniture  and  kitchen  uttn- 
aila  aa  aha  may  chooae  to  keep  for  her  own  uaa. 

Item :  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  my  aald  wif*, 
the  uaa  and  occupation  ol  my  plantation,  ale, 
until  my  aon,  8.,  ahall  attain  the  age  of  twenty. 
one  yeara  («hc  maintaining  and  ediicaiinii  my  m  nur 
chiUrt'ii  ihsreout),  and  from  aitd  after  hie  arrival  at 
ouch  age.  then  I  give  and  devlaa  the  aaid  planu- 
tion,  etc.,  unto  my  eon,  8.,  hie  heire  and  eaalgni, 
ioraver:  he  or  tnay  paying  thereout,  unto  my 
other  cnildron  hereliwller  namad,  the  aeveral 
a«ma  of  money  to  them  reepectively  boqueathed ; 
aad  alao  paying-unto  my  aald  wife  the  eum  of  one 
hundred  and  Any  dollara  (which  mm  I  hereby  I  c- 
quraih  to  her)  yearly,  and  every  year,  dnriog  her 
natural  life,  for  her  maintenance  and  aupport ; 
«J1  which  legaclee  to  my  eaid  wife  I  do  hereby 
declare  to  be  In  lieu  ana  atead  of  her  dower,  at 
common  law.  And,  in  caaa  of  tha  death  of  my 
aaldaon.S.,bafera  Ma  arrival  to  tho  ogaalerc- 
aald,  then  I  do  order  and  direct  that  my  eaacu- 
tora,  herainafUr  named,  or  the  eurvivor  of  them, 
ahall.  ae  aoon  aa  conveniently  may  bo,  after  hi* 
docaoae,  aalt  and  diapoao  af  my  eaid  plantation, 
etc. ,  to  ouch  poroon  or  poraona,  and  for  auch  price 
or  pricaa,  aa  may  be  rooaonably  gotton  for  the 
aama ;  and  for  that  purpoae  I  do  hereby  authorin 
and  empower  my  aold  aaoeutora,  or  tbo  eurvivor 
of  tbom.  to  aign,  acal,  aaecute,  and  acknawledge 
all  ouch  deed  or  deeda  of  convayanca  aa  may  be 
requiaiu  and  naceeeary  for  the  grantinc  and  a»- 
auring  the  aame  to  the  Burehaaar  or  purchaaen 
thoraof.  in  foe  aimple:  And  the  money*  ariaing 
from  each  ealo,  to  put  and  place  out  to  interaai, 
on  good  aocur' ty,  lor  tho  mqrmant  of  tho  aaid  an- 
nuity, benby  boqueathed  to  my  aaid'wifo;  the 
roaMttO  of  tho  InUreat  to  be  appMed  to  the  maln- 
tanancc  and  odueation  of  aocb  child,  or  children, 
aa  ahall  than  bo  under  age. 

Itomi  I  give  and  beqseatb  nnto  myaon,0.,the 
aum  of  one  hundrod  doHonito  be  paid  to  bim  eix 
nonth*  after  my  deceaaa. 

Itom :  I  givo  and  bequeath  onto  my  daagbtett,  O. , 
the  aum  of  ono  hundred  dotlafo,  to  bo  paid  tohkr  oB 
bar  arritral  at  tho  age  of  twanty«aa  yeara.  or  the 
day  of  bar  marriage,  whlchairar  ahall  ftrot  hopaen. 

And,  na  toacbing  all  tba  roat,  reaidue,  aiid  re- 
mainder of  my  ootato,  roal  and  paroonal,  of  what 
bfad  or  natara  wbataoovor  tba  *«ma  may  be,  ia 
tba  county  of —  aforoaald,  or  aloawbarf^li^ive 


and  dovioa  tbo  oame  unto  my  aald  wife,  W.,  dor- 


Igh 
,do 


r  bar  docoaaa.l  give  anddevlaa  the  eafte  unto 
tnrta.  ehltdren,  B..  O.,  and  D.,  and  w  their 


lafliar  natural  Ufa,  and  mm,  and  Immodlataly 

tnv  v_ 

bMr*  and  MidgMVMravw^  to  bo'cquiUy  divided 

wnami  tbom. 

AoA,  fo«Uy.  I  nomlnota.  conatltaM.  Mid  aipoint 
my  aald  wi»  and  my  eon  B.  to  bo  tno  OMcnion 
•t^tkia,  my  will,  haraby  fovokliM  all  other  wiUa, 
lagacla*.  and  bequoota  by  bm  herotoliard  mod*, 
and  declarinc  thia,  and  no  other,  to  bo  my  laat 
will  and  leaiMnant. 

In  witneaa  whereof,  I  have  herauoto  eat  my  baaa 


«ndaaal,tiia  — dayof — .lBthayaar<— . 
QUdtmttOtt^lfv Hm$u$irr».y  JLU.Jfiml. 


in  on  MM  altMt  ef  t%f»% 

lay  of ,  In  lh«  yf«r  — . 

A.  B. 
In  th*  prtaanc*  of  ui,  whc 
proMnco  of  ooch  olhar. 

W.  T. 

N.  S. 

-CI#«*rMl  r*nH. 

ffuftlt  unit  Dmtm. 

Amtn. 
lyof — -,ln  th«  But*  of 
Ball  In  body  («r  m  pctdi  i 
ntt  mmf  ^fi,  and  Of  sound 
idarilandlng :  but,  contid- 
of  this  iranaltory  life,  do 
a,  my  laal  will  and  utxf 
arm  following,  to  wit : 
ind  I  do  order,  that  all  my 
a«p*nMi  b«  duly  paid  and 
oovanianUy  can  M,  aftti 

uaath  unto  mydaarwift, 
,  ate,  *U.,  toyathar  with 
rurnltur*  and  kitchan  utcii- 
to  haap  for  bar  own  um. 
luaath  unto  my  aald  wih, 
tn  ot  my  plantation,  «tc., 
attain  tna  aga  of  twaniy- 
ling  and  (diunilitg  my  m  nur 
'om  and  aftar  hia  arrival  at 
nd  davlaa  tha  said  planu- 
,  8.1  hIa  haira  and  asslgm, 
laying  tharaout.  unto  my 
iltar  namad,  tha  aavaral 
I  raaMctlvaly  baquaathad ; 
ly  aald  wifa  tna  aum  of  on* 
ira  (which  turn  I  hanby  le- 
nd avaty  yaar.  daring  har 
lalntanaiwa  and  aupport; 
my  aald  wIfa  I  do  narcby 
nd  ataad  of  kar  dowar,  at 
I  caaa  of  tha  danth  of  my 
I  arrival  to  tha  agw  atorc- 
ind  diract  that  my  aaacu- 
1,  or  tha  aurvlvor  of  tham, 
aniamly  utay  ba.  altar  hit 
Ma  af  my  aald  plantation, 
paraona,  and  tor  aueh  prica 
roaaonably  gottan  it*  th« 
'poaa  I  do  haraby  authorli* 
•aaculora.  or  tna  aurvlvar 
aaacuta,  and  neknawladg* 
I  of  convayanca  aa  may  ba 
t  for  tha  (mnting  and  at- 
t  mirohaaar  or  ptirchasara 
:  And  tha  monaya  ariaing 
and  placo  out  to  intaraai, 
lia  pnymant  of  tha  aatd  an- 
had  to  my  aaid  wifi ;  tha 
to  b*  appnad  to  tha  main- 
of  ancb  child,  or  chHdrto, 
Bga. 

math  unto  myaon.O.,tht 
iliaraito  ba  paid  to  him  aU 
laa* 
anth  nnto  tny  dnnglttat,  D. , 

fttlaia,  «o  ba  paid  to  hkr  on 
twanty^na  yaara.ot  the 
kkkavar  ahall  Aral  hapaao. 
i  tha  raat.  roaidua.  and  ra- 
rtnland  poraonal,  of  what 
wvar  tha  a«ma  mayba.in 
lanid.or  •laawlMra.lglva 
ito  my  aaid  wifa.  W.,ivf 
Id  <it«m,  and  tmmadiauly 
a  and  davlaa  tha  MMta  anto 
,  O.,  and  D.,  and  to  thair 
nrar.  to  ba  nqaaliy  divided 

Ito,  ttonatlttrto,  and  aypeint 
ion  ■.  to  ba  tha  anacuton 
y  fovokiiif  an  othar  will*, 
I  by  ma  Riratolbra  aMda, 
Hi  no  other,  to  ba  my  laM 

hava  hafouoto  aat  o^  haad 
>f  — .  in  tha  iraar  — ». 


CONVEYANCES. 


^WHlUti  WIH-aoHonti  r*rtH. 

l,A.  B.,af — ,  In  tha  county  of ,ata..bain> 

my  liablAty  to  auddan  dtath,  at  tha  aama  tima 
b.lng  In  mir  own  apprahana/on  of  sound  mind, 
do  Judga  If  baat  to  maka,  and  aceordlngW  do 
htraby  maha  thia  my  last  will  and  taatamant. 

It  la  my  will  that  all  my  Juat  dsbta  and  tha 
chargaa  of  my  funaral  ba  paid  and  diachargad  by 
my  aascutora  harainaftar  namad  and  apiMlntad^ 
out  of  my  aatata,  aa  aoon  aa  convanlantA  may  b* 
■ftar  my  dacaaaa,  and  I  laava  tha  chargaa  ormy 
'"."is'  '5  '^•  «••"«••<> »'  my  "W  aaacutora.     *^ 

I  giva,  davlaa,  and  diapoaa  of  all  my  aatata,  raal 
>nd  paraonal  (savt  wh.i  .h.tl  ba  n^ckiary  for  Ih. 

\^^4^i}z^  ■""  '^'■'  •='"'«"'•  "•  '»•• 

.n'dj!a.V.a^»:a';„°d  ?;;'h"-„i?Ji*io1S!r': 

lawful  monay,  which  with  what  I  haratofora  ad- 

;h'o«»'a.';i*'dol5:'  v«"d'!'d&h«::  V'tii  1x2 

hi,  A  tKiJ**!*,?!?/.^  conearnad  with  and  for 
bJoCa/  ''what  1  chargad  htm  with  In  ray 

,   •*"t""t  Un  thousand  doMara  lawful  monay. 

I  f'v*  to  my  daughtar,  O.  T.,  and  to  har  haira 

'"If*^"*'**"  thouaand  dollara lawAilmonay 

of  twantyK>nayaara,ir  aha  ahall  Ilvaao  lioiTlf 

I  giva  tha  aama  aura  to  auch  laana.  to  ba  paid  to 

thtm  ahnO  arriva  at  twanty-ona  yaara  of  aaa  or 

.'haiHi;2.'"h.s'j'-''  ^  Uf  «ir«22rwhi:Kv:; 

my  will  th«t  tha  aama  aum  ba  put  and  kapt  at 
mtaraat  Ibr  tha  iMnallt  of  tha  aSid  D.  T."  and 
•uch  laana.  and  I  ampowar  ray  axacnten  or 
whoavar  ahall  hava  tha  eara  of  tha  wmr'tan 

ind'hIL'SLf.lIf "»  *•  '»'^  '•  "»*  «•  of  th'rStiwVt 
and  iMoma  of  tha  aama  aum,  aa  thay  ahall  Judaa 


3«7 


damandad,  a  ralaaaa  of  all  damanda  and  elalaia 
of  dowar  and  otharwiaa,  of  and  againal  my  aa. 

Aa  my  body  sarvant,  namad  B.  I.,  haa  aanar. 
ally  aarvsd  ma  with  araat  dlllgonea  andlnt«ri» 
I  gl v«  to  tha  sams  B.  1i  — . dollars  Uwful  ««'■... 
|'>«««»'«'  with  his  apparal,  4raaab|y To  a  wriu/.' 
I,hava  haratofora  aaacutsd  iSr  that  purpoaa  •  aSS 


Sr^  •??  ••»•5tJ^llva  doltara  InwAil  menav.  alao 
tha  vnhM  of  tva  hundrad  dellara,  Uba  mona!^ 
■"•S.'*  •»««i  of  my  houaahoM  f •oda  aalbj  JhKj 
chooaa:  sbo  tiia  hoiMahoM  «MNia  and  oth«r 

KS25ll..'*£,'*«J*Jr«^  *•  JL"^"  which  rtS 
Drotight  to  mo  at  our  marrtaca,  and  all  tha 
^rgiUjaut.  rtnca  Mt  tohSTIyVaZ.  M.  If! 

h.'i.?!;y%5  £?^,-.2.rJ2'&»;iraJ!ii:ni 
.1  my  irS:**^*^  •'••^•^  "-'^^^ 

I  afao  giva  to  bar  m>  tw».whaalad  ehaiaa  and 
what  baCnta  to  it  ortaeklin«.7ter.  andona  of 

rsliSSr?,  *i?''  si*  Tffi;^;  ■^ii»ri««  bar 


tta^nTiXrfr.i??a5S?^^^^^^^^^^^ 

to  fraa  tha  town  of l^m  any  charga  foMha 

aupport  and  matntananca  of  tha  said  ls°  and 
I  c^arga  what  1  haraby  giva  t"my  iSiH.  aa  waU 
aa  thamsalvaa.  with  th^^arformanaThVraSf 
I  giva  aad  yrant  to  my  honorad  mothar  M  B 

hundrad  dollara  lawful  monay,  on  condition  that 
It  ba  racalvad  Inr  har  In  diaeharga  of  mypart  of  tha 
yaarly  paytnanl,  to  ba  mada  to  har  ^  myaalf  and 

othara.byfor.,ofth.laatwlllofm;;rT^.thi1. 
Capt.  Q.  R.,  daeaaaad  :  yat  I  maan  that  thia  pay! 
ment  or  annuity  ahall  not  ba  ao  mada  oTunSar! 

whic^i;  VhihA'loT •••^™«»«'-'  fr^'hlr cUlm 
Which  aha  haa  and  may  hava  againat  othara.  b« 
forca  of  myaaidgrandAthara  wlU.  '  "'' 

of  4^v  d.'JJlI;''- 'u"?/"'  ."■»'/"«»  •«  »»»•  ""»• 

or  my  dacaaaa,  — —  dollara  tawftil  monay.  oro. 
vldaiT  and  on  condition  ha  ahall  than  teamployMI 
•r  angagad  in  my  buaiaaaa  in  Ilka  mannar  aa  ha 
S?.*-'*-..™' IL'I  l»»  •"'•«•  Wm  ln7iS"Aony  i? 
£;a«"f'hi7Rlf.'rJj.V2..'5L?'','?. «-  *•>,  aanila'J 

I  giva  to  ( 
monay. 

fiii  .  i*  «h««ii*  that  tha  paymant  of  tha  annul- 
tiaa  and  yaarly  paymanta  aroraaald,may  ba  affac- 
iMllv  aacura/  anJ  tha  aama  duly  paid^it  la  my 

win  that thouaand  and iiundrMi  dolluv 

liil^*  rtS'l'  •!  "y  P«Monal  aauta  ahall  not  b! 
racalvad  by  or  for  my  childron.  or  anv  of  thM 
""»"  tha  aaid  aonulti^  a^^t'y  SJmintaTS; 
computed  and  ctaaa  to  bacoma*«i  but  that 
tha  aama  aum  of  my  paraonal  aauu  ^all  imSi 
tha  aama  annuiUaa  caawTto  tecooM  dm  m  af«^ 

roant  and  improvamant  of  my  aiacutoraharofnl 


hava  of  hiVSii.  wKruln-^aa-i^'m-y":;;^:^"^  ' 
iiM  Rav.  Mr.  P.  R dollara  lawful 


the 


think 
wid 


.nd  I.  ^lirt  if  t52^ii5;^.,"rtffS^ 
\SSS^^  owi  iinh  part  of  tha 


s.y'.J&  ^sKlsrr^  ^^^^m 

wy  MM  wift,  ahall  giva  to  «»r  •Mcatora,  whan 
n-Wbata  a  taslator  ia  Ms  wiU.  directed  Us  sncMor 

"louaiao  to  a  isfiqr,  and  if  (ha  aaacuior  (or  ia  caaa 


Bacapt,  and  it  ia  ray  will,  that  If  thara  ba  Tnv 
•"•'?««■  •««»«  from  tCintiraat  oVuiViuS 
thouaand  and hundrad  donuaTiB  mw 

caaa,  tha  aama  ovarplua,aa  it  ahall  baVacaiviul 
■•  »«»  V  «o«»««»l««tlJ  »«ylM  doM,^Mrbo' 
placed  and  kapt  at  intaraat  for  tha  UMaTaM^a  and 

of  tha  daath  of  my  asacutora  baforo  tha  aaM^T? 
S"'"-.  •«!  ••«*  *  tham  rtiuSSir5,15i*.^ 
dua,  or  ^alr  raAiaing  or  naglactlng  to  taka^I 
cara  of  tha  aMd  — -Ihouaand  aod^  huBd»d 
^I^JS^  *•  «-»co«a^th!rwfrr^ira  apffi 

tnat  tna  aaid  thouaand  and  •—  hundrwd 

doDaro  «r  my  aauta,  and  what  may  hava  iuIm 
2LS»i»2?«o  «J.~of^f  any  ba,  aMTbi  dinJI 
wad  ovar  and  put  Into  tha  bnnda  of  anv  two 

sSmS'o'v  <:siiJi2!  «^iy~>'  «2rjSdg'aif  ^s 

CSS^w  .1  ?•!!•  !?»  **^  «on»ty  for  tha  tima 
Mnc,  abaUJiidga  fit  to  nomloata  and  appoint  aa 
«£««•  Sf,*™"?^  («*<«*  I  aaipowarrMniSi^ 

Mf:?iS^.fi»'VKrf„rafe;t' 

!to2a^^/il!«T*^"y'*  myothor  dlrac 

b*  rsfbssd  tha  trust,  tba  adadnlsmtor  raw  Ua^mm^   ■ 
uerewarasuBclsMassau.    4UHa.R.634.  ' 


tl 


J» 


CONVEYANCES. 


Ml 


•njr  b«,  ■hall  b«  4«ll««r*d  ov«r  and  paid  ar  put 
Into  Iha  hand*  of  any  two  lantlaman  my  aald 
wlfa,  W.  B.,  shall  plaoM  to  nomlnata  and  ap 
point  to  racaiva  tha  aama,  and  thaaa  paraona  shall 
•nd  may  racalva  tha  aama,  In  Ilka  mannar,  and 
for  th*  u**a,  Intanla,  and  purpoaaa  aforaaald. 
But  It  la  to  ba  undaratood,  that  Into  whoaa  hand* 

aoavar  tha  aald thousand  and  hundrad 

doUara  and  tha  Intaraat  tharaof,  ahali  bo  dallvarad 


•a  aforaaald,  bainf  nomlnatsd  and  appolr.tad  b] 
tha  aald  Judga  of  probata,  or  by  my  said  wlfa, ' 
B.,  aa  aforaaald,  tha  aama  shall  bs  ao  racalvad  as 


d  by 
,W. 


that  auch  racalvara  shall,  at  tha  tima  of  tha  ra- 
aalpt  of  tha  aams,  mska  thamaalvaa  aceountabia 
for  tha  aald  —  thouaand  and  —  hundrad 
dollars  and  tha  lotaraat  tharaof,  aesordlnf  to  tha 
tntant  of  thia,  my  will,  ralatlva  tharato,  and  that 
tha  gsntlaman  Into  whoaa  handa  tha  said  —  dol- 
lara  and  any  Intaraat  or  Incoma  tharaof  ahall  ba 

fiut  and  DMcad  •■  aforaaald,  ahall,  on  racalpt 
haraof,  fiva  bond  to  tha  said  ludgs  of  probato  to 
accouat  for  tha  aama  aum  and  tha  mtaraat  tharoof, 
according  to  tha  tsnor  and  Intant  of  thIa,  my  will, 
and  apply  tha  Intaraat  tharaof  u  haralnosforo 

And  It  la  my  will,  that  whan  tha  annuitlaa 
aforesaid,  and  aach  of  tham,  ahall  caaaa  to  ba- 

coma  dua,  tha  said dollars,  with  th*  o<r*rplua 

Intaraat  th*r*of,  If  any  thara  ba.  ahall  b*  divldad 
to  and  among  my  ehlUran  haralnaftar  namad,  to 
whom  I  giva  tha  sama  accordingly,  aa  followath, 
vldallclt  I  To  my  daugntar,  D.  R. ,  and  to  nar  haira, 

—  hundrad  and  dollara  tharaof.    To  my 

daughtar,  D.  T.,  and   to   har  haira,  oth«r 

hundrad  and  —  dollara  tharaof.  To  my  daugh- 
tar. D.  U.,  and  to  har  haira,  othor  — -  nundrad 

and dollara  tharaof.    And  tha  raaidua  and 

romaindar  thereof  to  my  thrao  aona,  B.,  D.,  and 
O.)  la  aqual  aharaa,  ana  ao  to  their  raapactlva 
baira. 

Tha  raalduo  and  remainder  ei  all  my  eatate, 
both  real  and  pajraonal,  not  harela  otherwlae  dis- 
posed of,  I  give  and  grant  to  my  aona,  B.,  D.,and 
O. ,  in  eaualsharaa  and  proportiona,  and  ao  to  their 
raapectiv*  heira  fbrover.  Thf  ahara  of  my  aen, 
0.|  of  tha  aama  raaidua  and  remainder  of  my  e^ 
tato,  to  bo  paid  to  him  whan  ba  ahall  eoma  to  th* 
age  of  twenty-one  yeora,  but  aatU  than  the  aama 
Bluura  to  ramaln  and  ba  in  tha  handa  of  my  aaid 
esectttots,  tha  peraonal  eatata  to  ba  let  and  placed 
at  intereat,  and  tha  real  oauta  Improved  or  l«t  to 
tha  beat  advantage,  foe  the  gaa  of  the  eaid  O., 
and  80  in  Hko  mtnner  bis  ehara  of  all  aurpluaaga 
•r  Intaraat  and  Income,  which  I  would  have 
added  to  the  capital  stock,  and- let  at  Interoat  fbr 
hia  baaeftt,  aavlng,  navartheteaa,  that  the  aama 
Intareot  and  income  may  be  uaad,  paid,  and  ap- 
plied, aa  I  do  by  thia  will  grant,  allow,  order,  and 
provide. 

If  my  aetata  at  —x-,  or  any  part  thereot  abould 
at  my  deceaae  remain  by  me  uneold,  and  my  es- 
ocutore  ehall  think  it  beat,  that  tha  aame,  or  any 
part  thereof,  should  be  sold  before  my  aon, O,  ahan 
arrtvo  at  twenty-one  yaara  of  ago.  In  auen  caaa,  I 
give  and  grant  to  my  aaecutera  full  power  to 
pant  and  aell  the  ehara  or  part  I  giva  to  the  aald 
O.  therein,  for  euch  coBolderatlon  aa  to  my  oaac- 
utors  ehall  seem  reasonable,  and  to  malio  and 
duly  eaecttte  any  deed  or  Inatrameat  they  shaU 
Judge  proper  for  the  -  purpoeo,  and  the  money 
ariaTag  Ikem  the  eanif  aula  to  remain  and  bo  la 
the  hands  of  th*  aaid  saeeutora  during  aald  O.'e 
mlneribr,  aod  by  them  ba  let  at  intaraat  for  the 
nee  of  the  eoid  O.  Provided.  sovertlMleao,  that 
my  aoaa,  B.  and  D.,  ahall  at  the  aama  time  oell 
their  roepcctivo  sharoa  in  the  aomo  eatate. 

And  it  ia  my  will  that  If  my  son,  O..  ahall  die 
ftaKire  he  ahall  arrive  at  the  age  of  twenty-one 
yeora,  then  what  ahall  remain  pf  bio  ahara  fa  the 
whole  of  my  eetate,  aeeordiag  to  this,  my  will, 
ahall  go,  aad  I  ia  thia  eaoa  give  the  oame  to  hie 
ourvmag  brethrsa  aftoreaamed,  ia  eooal  shoroe, 
and  ao  to  their  respoctlvo  heira.  But  if  either  of 
thaae  brethrea  ahan  bamMa  to  die  without  legal 
laeae  Uvtag.  and  this  wSOt  the  eoid  O.  ehalTlM 
Bviag,  thea  I,  ia  the  caoa  aferaeald,give  the  aama 

gtSa  Burvivor  of  aald  brethren  (Ii*airiy,  B.  aad 
.),  mad  tlw  bolniof  onch  aurvivor. 


And  In  caaa  my  daughter,  O.  T.,  shall  die  bafor* 
sh*  ahall  arrive  at  Iha  eg*  ef  tw*nty-oa*  yean, 
Uaving  no  tawful  leeu*  living,  then  what  ahall  rt- 
main  of  ih*  share  of  th*  said  O.  T.  of  my  ntn, 
■nd  th*  lnt*r**t  th*r«ar,  unappllad,  shall  go,  and 
I  glv*  th*  •am*  In  (uch  caae  a*  foltows,  vlt. : 
on«-half  part  tharaof  to  my  daughtar,  D.  R.,  and 
to  har  h«lr(,  and  tha  othar  half  part  tharaof  to  my 
daughtar,  D.  U.,  and  to  h*r  heira.  But  If  either 
th*  aald  D.  R.  or  O.  11.  shall  die  without  luu* 
and  before  the  aald  D.  T.  shall  arrive  at  twenty- 
on*  yeara  of  age,  and  tha  aald  O.  T.  dying  •• 
aforeaald,  than  1  give  the  whole  of  the  earn*  is 
tha  aurvivor  of  the  aald  O.  R.  and  O.  U.,  and  to 
the  heira  of  auch  aurvivor. 

In  coie  my  aaacutora  shall  Judge  It  beet  not  to 
mH  my  atock  In  trade,  or  any  part  tharoof,  imma- 
dlately  alter  my  deceaae,  but  to  continue  iht 
aama,  or  any  port  thereof,  In  trade,  for  the  b«nt- 
flt,  but  at  the  riek  of  such  of  my  ehlldrea  aa  shill 
ba  concerned  therein,  then  I  empower  my  ea*cu- 
tore,  for  ^ny  term  not  eKC**dlng  tw*lve  month* 
neat  after  my  deceaae,  to  employ  and  Improvt 
my  trading  stock,  or  any  part  tharsof,  In  ths  com- 
mon course  of  trade  aa  they  ahall  think  bast  for 
the  beneflt,  and  ao  at  the  rUk  of,  thoee,  t«  whom, 
aeeordli.g  to  thia  will,  thia  part  of  my  eetate  shall 
belong ;  yet  I  mean  ao  to  limit  the  time  of  aich 
Improvement,  that  If  any  of  thia  Intareot  ahall  b* 
at  aoa  at  the  eaplratlon  of  aald  twelve  months,  ■ 
further  reaaonabla  tima  shall  ba  allowed  to  com- 
plete th«  voyage  and  voyagea,  tha  aama  interest 
may  then  be  abroad  upon. 

And  It  la  my  will,  that  my  aaecutora  oiay  pay 
the  eume  Arat  mentioned  to  bo  given  )o  my  said 
daughUra  reepocUvely,  In  good  bonda,  payaMa  to 
me  at  the  time  of  my  death,  or  thereabout,  ac- 
counting such  bonds  at  the  value  of  tham  on  th* 
day  of  my  daath.  And  I  deeire  my  esecutors.  If 
need  be,  to  lend  their  namee  In  aald  capacity  to 
my  daughtare  reapactlvely,  when  dealred,  for  th* 
recovery  and  raceipte  of  what  ahail  bo  due  on 
euch  boade,  aad  give  proper  power  therefor. 
But  if  my  eaecutore  ehall  aot  think  ftt  ao  te  do, 
whoa  roqueated.  then  my  will  to  that  my  daugh- 
tare be  paid  In  money  equivalent. 

And  aa  my  eaeeutora  muet  aeaeeaarlly  have 
much  trouble,  and  employ  a  great  deal  of  time  la 
emcuting  thie,  my  will,  I  deairo  and  ompowsr 
them  to  employ  Mr.  A.  A.,  or  aoy  other  pereon 
they  ahall  thiak  Bt,  in  aaatoUag  ^em  la  tfcn  eat- 
tlement  of  my  accountn  and  alRire,  aad  la  th* 


iHvw,  ana  einpioy  a  great  aeai  Ol  ame  is 
g  thie,  my  will,  I  deairo  aad  ompowei 
employ  Mr.  A.  A.,  or  aoy  other  pereoa 
II  thiah  Bt,  in  aaatoUag  ^am  la  tbi  eat- 
of  my  accountn  and  alRim,  aad  la  th* 
Improvement  of  my  trading  atock,  and  that  th*y 
ofreo  to  give  and  pay  to  Mto  aad  them  aueh  aum* 
or  moaey  out  of  mv  eatata  therefor,  aa  thoy,  my 


that  th* 
aad  to  ray 


eaid  eaecutora.  abaO  Jodge  reaeonabie, 

Although  It  to  my  wiff.  aad  I  chi 
eetatoe  ihava  glvoa  to  niy  aoa.  O.,  aad  to  ray 
daughter,  D.  T, ,  reopectively,  ehaU  remala  la  th* 
hoaao  of  mywiocutors  aa  afereeald :  yet.  If  my  ea- 
oeutoia  ehoU  eboooe  it,  I  conaeat  that  guardlaB* 
be  legally  appointed  for  tha  aald  O.  aadO.  T.,  r*- 
epaetivaly,  aad  that  their  reepective  abareo  of  my 
eatoM  bo  paid  to  their  retooctlvo  guordiaae  fbr 
the  uaaa  and  iatents  ia  thte,  my  wlU,  Um|ted, 
directed,  and  aapreeeed  ^ 


eatata  I  have  gtvea  to  my  eoB,0..  may  bo  appliad 
aod  Moaadc  cffor  hto  auppert  aad  oduoatlaa,  notU 
be  Hian  arrive  t  Mweafy-one  years  of  ace,  ao  far 
aa  sImII  bo  thought  raasoaoMa  aad  beat  tnr  aucb 
Bara«aorperaoai,ao,duriag  Ma  mluority,ahan 
havo  the  ea^  of  hto  ehare  or  my  lotata. 

Aad  It  to  my  will,  that  my  oaocutota  or  either 
of  thorn.  JolB  with  Meeera.  A.  A.  aad^A.  Y.  is 
proaecutlng  the  eauae  now  or  tote  depdading  ia 
Bagland  for  the  recovery  of  the  aekooaer  J.  and 
cargo,  aad  that  bo  or  they  do  everythlag  which  I 
might  or  could  do  fir  that  end,  eo  Cm  aa  be  or 
they  ehall  think  Bt  and  Judge  beet. 

Aad  I  hereby  aominate,  conotituto.  aad  appoint 

my  brother,  B.  B.,  and  my  friend,  Mr.  B.  F., 

Jolotly  •Ml  aaveralfy,  to  be  eaeeuters.of  tbto  my 

loat  will  and  teatamont.  and  so  aa  that  la  case 

I  of  tka  death  of  oao  of  them,  the  mtrttmt  of 


la 


ghur,  O.  T.,  thall  di«  bafon 
I*  •■•  of  tw«nty-«M  yaar*, 
M  Itvlnt.  than  what  ahall  rt- 
lh«  aatd  D.  T.  at  my  aatatt 
lof,  unapplla4,  thai!  |o,  and 
■uch  caaa  aa  fallowa,  vli. : 
to  my  dauf  htar,  O.  R.,  and 
tthcr  hair  part  tharaof  to  my 
to  har  halra.  But  If  allhtr 
U.  ihall  4U  without  Ihu* 
>.  T.  shall  arrWa  at  twenty. 
id  th«  aaid  O.  T.  dying  •• 
I  tha  whola  of  tha  sama  to 
lid  D.  R.  and  O.  U.,  and  to 
rlvor. 

ra  thai!  Judga  It  boat  not  to 
I,  Of  any  part  tharaof,  Imm*- 
aaaa,  but  ta  aantinua  ih« 
iraof,  In  trada,  for  tha  bant- 
luch  of  my  chlldran  aa  ahall 
.than  I  ampowar  my  aaacu- 
t  axcaadlng  twalva  menlhi 
w,  to  amploy  and  Improva 
lay  part  tnaraar.ln  tha  com- 
as thay  shall  think  baai  for 
tha  risk  of,  thoaa.tc  whom, 
.  thia  part  of  my  aatata  shall 

0  to  limit  tha  tima  of  such 
any  of  thIa  Intaraat  ahall  ba 
m  of  aald  twalva  montba,  a 
na  shall  ba  allowad  M  com- 

1  voyacas.  Dm  sama  InUraat 
«pon. 

hat  my  aaaaiitara  may  pay 
mad  te  ba  givan  )o  my  aald 
ly.  In  good  bonda,  payabia  to 
>y  daath.  or  tharaabout,  ac- 
at  tha  vatua  of  tham  an  tha 
ltd  I  daaira  my  aaacutara,  If 
namaa  In  said  caaaelty  to 
llvaly,  whoa  daairad,  for  tha 
s  or  what  ahaU  ba  dua  on 
va  jpropar  pawar  thararor. 
•ban  not  think  At  ao  to  do, 
I  my  wilt  ia  that  my  daugh- 
r  aquivalant. 

»ra  miiat  namssarUy  bava 
nploy  a  graat  daal  of  Uma  la 
'III,  I  daatra  and  ampowar 
A.  A.,  or  any  othar  Barson 
'        la  thnaat- 


I  aasiatlog  th< 
intn  and  alfcl 


Ira,  and  la  tha 
trading  atoch.  and  that  thay 
r  to  Mm  and  tnam  aitah  aums 
aauta  tharofer.  aa  tfiay,  my 
luoaa  rsaaonabla. 
wia.and  I  chaoaa  that  tha 
I  to  my  aen.O.,aa4  ta  my 
activa^,  ahall  ramata  In  tha 
aaaafsraaaUdj  yat,lfmyaa' 
It,  I  eaoaaat  that  goardiaaa 
br  tha  aald  O.  andD.  T.,  ra- 
htir  Mapactlva  sharta  af  my 
lir  rMpactlva  giiardlana  fbr 
I  In  (bla,  my  will,  llm|tsd, 
iad. 

.  that  aa  much  oftba  iKcoma 
s  ta  my  daughtaa,  D.  T.,  as 
ba  appliad  wr  har  atippatt 
ivin  that  tha  ineoasa  oftba 
)  myaon.O..  may  ba  appUad 
•uppart  and  aduaatlaa,  aotil 
iniQr-ona  yaara  af  aga,  aa  far 
aaseaabia  and  baaitqrauch 
i.  during  Ma  minority,  ahaU 
ihara  army  satata. 
that  my  aaacuton  ar  althar 
Maaara.  A.  A.  an4^A.  Y.  In 
Ml  aaw  ar  lata  dapdadlng  la 
•vary  af  tha  aehaMor  J.  and 
thay  do  ararything  wMch  I 
"it  that  and,  ao  <m  aa  ba  or 
i4  Jtidga  baat. 

MM,  cenatitata.  and  aspolnt 
ana  my  Mand,  Mr.  ■.  P.. 
,  to  ba  aaacittora.or  Ihla  my 
snt.  and  ao  aa  tint  la  casa 
I  of  tham,  tlw  atsvlMr  af 


CONVEYANCES. 


3«9 


rtiam  ahall  than  ba  aals  aaaautor  of  thIa  my  Sitld 
will.  ' 

A"'  I  >iva  such  survivor  all  tha  powar  and  dU 
faction  Ihava  glvan  my  said  saaculora. 

I  alao  giva  to  aach  or  tham  all  tha  powar,  and 
rapooa  In  aarh  of  tham  all  and  avary  truat  1  hava 
■Ivan  to  tham  lolntly  t>rovldad,  and  ao  far  aa  ha 
wha  ahall  act  hava  tha  conaont  or  tha  othar  cm- 
acutor,  and  It  la  my  will  that  nalthar  or  my  axac- 
utora  ahall  ba  anawarabia  for  any  of  my  aauta 
raealvaa  or  to  bo  racaivad  by  tha  othar  aiaeutor. 

In  wlinaaa  wharaof,  1  herato  put  my  hand  and 
**.'!'/".<'  P"**"**!  *M  daclarM  Ihla  to  ba  my  laat 
will  lind  taatamant,  ate. 

(AJJ  »IU4l»lUm  rr  wUn*u  tUuu.) 

Mutt  in  ytrtti4ff»  Pmu,r  if  A^^ntmtnl  MmI,  ml 

I.W.  B.,  wifa  of  A.  B.,  of ,  do  by  thIa  my 

writing,  purporting  to  ba  my  laat  will  and  taata' 
mant,  diapoaa  or  my  aatata,  both  raal  and  par- 


aonal,  purauant  and  according  to  tha  authority  to 
...      „f  by  ,  j^^  ^f  aattla- 


ma  glvan  and  raaorvad  In  ana  oy  ■  aaao  oi  aatiia- 
mant  («r  oiharwiaa,  h  tha  cam  may  bi),  mada  and 
aaacutod  on  my  marrlaga  (or,  in  conumplmion  of 


""■""•"    «»"    •"»  m»rri«B»  i»r,  in  ConumplHIK 

my  marrlaca)  with  my  husk  'id,  tha  aald  A 

•"<  *•«•"«  *•♦•  tha d«y  of ,  A.  D. 

bv  and  botwaan  tho  aald  A.  8.,  and  B.  P.,  and  O.' 
H., truataaa, ate.  (*/r#  ttt/*rth  /Af  tUHi »n4*artiti 
l0  Ihf  unUmnl). 

And  by  virtu*  of  tha  aald  daad,  and  of  all  othar 
powars  and  authorltlaa  whataoavar,  to  ma  glvan 
and  raaarvad.  In  mannar  aa  followa,  vlt.  i 

ll'tt'.^  •*;:"•  *^"««  •*«•  (*"*  **"Tl««  *),  ond 
to  hia  halra  fbravar. 

M?- '  tf'^'  ^"'••«N  •»<!  <«^rtaa  to  my  daugbtar, 
Mary  B., ana hondrad aharaa of  atoeh  In  thoBank 
pr-— .,  now  atanding  on  tha  books  of  ssid  bank 
in  tha  namaof — -,to  my  uso  and  bonsAt;  to- 
■athar  with  all  dividanda  which  mayba  dua  and 
•a  •rroar  tbaraon  at  tha  tima  of  my  daath. 
Alao  to  my  said  daugbtar  tha  housa  and  lot  In 

which  I  now  raaida  in  tha  city  of .  sit;  atad. 

ate.  (*/r»  iUteritt  It).  '  .  -i.  ■»«•, 

.<•  I  (<*•  •/>'  ba^uaath  to  my  said  huaband,  A. 
B.,  a  gald  ring  aad  a  braastpin,  to  ba  tsmla  in 
such  mannar  aa  ha  may  dirsct,  la  teatimMy  of 
mr  raspact  and  airsctlon  for  hira. 
Ia  wltnaaa  wharaof,  •». 

WHMm  WtU-Or  BMd  watA  VwrMMl 

_  „  Saa  VAaiovt  Pobms,  abera. 

Know  aU  man  by  thaaa  praaanta  i 
That  I,  A.  B.,  or—,  la  tho  aotinty  of  — ,  and 
SlSfi.?'"ST'  ^•J«>^1»»  at  law,  bainc  in  gaod 

SIfciilw'K!'"'  "}"*  ••??.  «««ory,do  makaand 
lS^i!ty^,SIL}*^t^.^  taatamant, haraby 
ravoklag  M  fermar  wUla  by  ma  at  any  tima  har^ 
Miora  mada. 

Ji?lifi  *•  '"''  ''•'MIy  aatata,  and  all  tha  prop- 
•rty,  rsaL  poraooal,  or  misad,  of  which  I  shall 
flS.!!!!*  .^2*  R— -yd,  or  to  which  I  ahall  ba 
aatitlad  at  tha  bma  of  my  daeaaaa,  I  davlaa.  ba- 
quaath,  aad  dUpoaa  tharaof  la  tha  manaar  fol. 
lowlnf,  to  wit  I 

'"""—  •»»^.  by  mjy  OKMiutora    haralnaftar 


SfTVff*^  hamaaa;  and  afaw  twanty  thou- 
••^i^!?? '»  "iPV-**  ^  P^<  «•  har  by  my 
aaaautera,  haralnaftar  aamad,  within  ala  moatha 
altar  aiy4opaaaas  to  hava  and  to  hold  tha  aama 
to  har  aad  har  a«i — ■ —  -^_.-. 


lalao 


'  oaoctitora,  admlnlatratora,  aad  aa- 


,«-.  J?y£^  i?.^  **•  aM.  Improvaasaat,  and  la- 
coma  oray  tfwaOlag-boaaa,  land,  and  Ita  appor- 

2Lte^**yL'*<'  ^***  bttaatad  In.  ata.  <*»» 
^wrMt^.aadlta aMrartaaanaaa:  to havaaad to 
aald  ttMaaaaatehof  tgraii44iHiacW  attaiallUb. 


I  alva  and  baquaath  to  my  honorad  rqothar,  M. 
■..  Dva  thouaand  dollara  In  mor ay,  to  bo  paid  to 

V,.. '  .*""  aaaeutora  haralnaftar  mantlonad 
within  ala  moniha  aftar  my  daeaaaa ;  to  ba  for 
tha  aola  uaa  of  haraalf,  har  halra,  aaacutora,  ad. 


minlatratera,  and  aaaigna 

I  alva  and  baqusath  tc 

my  nriy  aharaa  of  tha  atoi 


to  my  daufhtar, 
atock  of  tha  Praaldant, 


D.  B.. 

,    ---,  — -.- — .„_  ..  ....  r...,M«nt,  Ol 

ractora,  and  Company  of  tha Bank,  which 

ara  of  tha  par  valua  of  Ava  thouaand  dollars  • 

and  my  tan  aharaa  or  tha  atock  or  tha Manu- 

raeturing  Company,  which  ara  or  tha  par  valua  or 
tan  thouaand  dollara  j  u  hava  and  to  hold  tha 
aama,  togathar  with  all  tha  proAt  and  Incoma 
tharaor  to  har,  tha  said  D.  B. ,  har  halra,  aaacutori, 
admlnlatratora,  and  aaaigna,  to  har  and  ihair  uaa 
and  banaAt  foravar. 

1  gIva,  davlaa,  and  baquaath  to  my  aon,  B.  B., 
tha  ravsraion  or  ramalndar  of  my  dwalling  or 
manalon  houaa,  tand,  and  iu  appurtanancaa, 
aliualad  In,  ate.  (dfrrOt  il).  and  all  proAt,  Incoma, 
and  advantaga  that  may  rasult  tharafrem,  rrom 
and  after  tha  daeaaaa  of  my  balovad  wIfa,  W.  B.: 

!?  h?.'^..'?^  *•  •••'*  »•*•  •••"•  »•  •»•"«.  «ho  said  S. 
B.,  hia  hairs  and  aaaigna,  from  and  aftar  tha  da- 
eaaaa of  my  aald  wlfi,  to  hia  and  thair  uaa  and 
bahoof  foravar. 

I  gIva,  davlaa.  and  baquaath  to  my  aouc  O.  B., 
tha  rayaraion  or  ramalndar  of  my  land,  wharf, 

flata,  altuatad  in (dtterii*  it),  and  iU  appurta- 

nancaa,  and  all  tho  proAt,  incoma,  and  advantaga 
that  may  raault  tharafrom,  from  and  aftar  tha 
?•',!?.•.•  •/*">'  *«'ov^  wifa,  W.  &,  to  hava  and 
to  hold  tho  sama  to  ths  said  O.  B.,  hta  haira  and 
aaaigna,  from  and  aftar  tha  daeaaaa  af  my  said 
wlfa,  to  hia  and  thair  uaa  and  bahnof  foravar. 

All  tha  raat  and  raaldua  of  my  aauu.  raal,  par- 
aonal.  and  mlaad.  of  which  I  ahall  dia  —iBti  and 
poaaaaaad.  or  te  which  I  ahall  ba  antltiad  at  my 
5r'.^"f  • '  f*^.  <«vlaa,  and  baquaath  to  ba  aqually 
divldad  to  aad  among  my  aald  aona,  B.,  O., 
and  N* 

Aa4  laatly.  I  do  nominate  and  appoint  my  said 
aona.  S.  B.,  O.  B.,  and  N.  B.,  to  ba  iha  aaaeutora 
of  thia,  my  laat  will  and  taaumant. 

In  taatimany  wharaof,  I,  tha  aaid  A.  B.,  hava  to 
this,  my  laat  will  and  taatamant,  coatainad  on 
two  ahaata  of  papar  («r  ^htrwitt.t  lit  €»tt  mt, 
**),  aad  M  wry  ahaat  tharaof,  aubaeribad  my 
''"^•l.l"^  »"  *•»•••  *•>•  •«»»  alwat  tharaof,  I  hava 

Bubacribad  my  nama  and  afllaad  my  aaal,  thia 

day  of .A.D. 

■igaad,  aaalad. 
aaidrA.-' 


d,  aaalad.  Bubliahad,  and  daclarai  bytiia 
B.,aa  and  for  hia  laat  wUl  and  taatamant. 
In  tha  praaanca  of  oa,  who,  at  hU  raquaat,  and  in 
hia  praaanca,  and  In  tha  praaanca  of  aach  othar, 
hava  aubaeribad  our  aamaa  aa  witnaaaaa  thereto. 

W.I.    . 
T.  H. 
B.  B. 

WHAtM  WIII-ormMil  aatf  PaM«Ml 

„   .  r»»partjr,  <■  TrtMt. 

Bo  It  ramamborad,  that  I,  A.  B.,  of ,  In  tho 

Buu  of ,  merchant,  baing  of  aound,  diapoa- 

Ing  mind  and  memory,  do  maha  and  ordain  my 
laat  will  aad  taaumant,  la  mannar  following, 
via. ; 

Imprimla.  I  diraet  all  my  Juat  dabta  and  fune- 
ral axnanaaa  to  ba  fUlly  paid  aad  aatlaAad  by  my 
aaectttora,  harainafkar  aamad,  aa  aeoa  aa  convao- 
lantly  may  ba  aftar  my  daeaaaa. 

Item.  AU  tho  raat,  raaldua,  and  remainder  af 
my  aatata,  raal,paf«oaal,  aad  mlaad.  whataoover 
aad  wharaaoavar.  I  order  and  direct  to  be  con- 
verted Into  mon«y  aa  aooa  aa  tha  aama  caa  eon- 
venlantly  ba  dona  aftar  my  daeaaaa ;  and  for  that 
purpoaa,  I  do  hereby  anthoriaa  aad  empower  my 
aaid  aaaoutora,  haralnaftar  aamad,  aad  tha  auto 
vivor  of  them,  to  aall  and  diapoaa  of  all  my  aald 
real  aatata,  aithar  by  pubMa  or  nrivata  aala  or 
aalaa,  for  tho  baat  priea  ar  prieaa  diat  caa  ba  got- 
ten fdr  tho  aama,  aad  by  proper  dead  or  deoda, 
convayaaeaa,  or  aaauraacaa  la  tha  law,  ta  ba  duly 
aaectttad,  aehnowlodgad.aad  parfbctad,  ta  graat, 
convoy,  and  Maura  tha  camo  M  tho  parebaaer  ar 
purehaaara  tbareof,  la  Ibo  almplo. 

And,  whoa  tho  whaia  or  my  aald  taddMtjr  aa* 


^^tmmmm^ 


CDNVEVANCW. 


taM  ttall  (m  cofivartad  Into  monay  •■  •ItorMaM, 
than  I  will  and  dlract  thai  Iha  aama  ahall  ba  dlvl- 
dad  Into  raur  a^ual  parM  or  sharaa,  and  diapoaad 
or  as  foltowa,  to  wit : 

Ona  full,  aquai  fourth  part  or  ahara  tharoof  I 
giva,  davlaa.  and  ba<|uaalii  unto  my  aald  aaaau- 
lora,  haralnaftar  namad,  and  tha  aarvWor  of  Iham. 
In  truat,  that  thay  or  ha  do  and  ahall  put  and 
placa  tha  aama  out  at  Intaraot  on  jood,  raal  ao- 
<;  urlly ,  or  In  tha  ftimlod  dahta  of  tha  Unltad  Statao, 

ovar 

ma  to 

bo  Mt  In  and 

w'lilaii  la  to  bo  in' 


placa  tha  aama  out  at  Intaraot  on  ji 
c  urity ,  or  In  tha  ftimlod  dahta  of  tha  Oi 

tha  llata  of ,  or  tho  alty  of .  and  pay 

tha  Intaraat  or  dlvtdOMla  tharoof  Arom  tim 


lima,  whan  and  na  tha  aaNio  alian 


rtcaWad,  unto  my  bolovod  wito,  W.  H  .lurtng  all 
'tha  larm  of  har  natural  Hn  t  whtah  la  to  bo  In li 
pf  tha  dewar  to  whiali  aho  la  anUtlod  by  law 


llau 


And  from  and  ImoMdUMhr  alW  tho  daath  of 
.,  I  glvo,  dayloa.and  bwtuaath 
aala  oaa  Iburth  port  or  ahara 


nfyaald  wlfa.W.B., 


ary  oauia  t*  bo  aqwally  divldad, 

i  allha,  botwaon  my  dauf  htara, 

0. ,  and  my  aon,  t.  ■. ,  and  any,  othar 


irao  of  tho  ptoaaoda  of  my  aald  raalduary  ao- 
a,  I  glvo,  dMriaa,  and  bodoaatb  nnto  my  aald 
icuton,  horoliwlMr  Miiiia4,  and  tho  oarvlvor  of 


tha  princlnaJ  of  tho 
of  my  aald  raalduary 
ahara   and  ahara 

O.  B.  and  R.  0.,  i , 

child  or  chlMron  whioh  I  may  havo  born  by  my 
praaont  marriaca ;  tho  part  or  ahara  In  thia  bo- 
4iiaat  of  my  aald  two  daughtara,  D.  B.  and  R.  B., 
to  ba  haM,  howayor,  by  my  aald  aaaoutora.  In 
truat,  In  tha  aama  mannar  and  for  tha  aama  uaoo 
ai  ara  haralnaftar  aat  fbrth  and  daclarad  of  and 
concarnlng  tha  parta  or  aharaa  of  mjr  aold  raald- 
uary aatata  baauoathad  to  tbom  tar  tho  uaa  of  my 
aald  two  dauilitaro,  D.  B.  and  R.  B. 

Ona  othar  or  tho  aald  fkiH,  oqual  fourth  parta  or 
aharaa    - -^  ■■-    *  ■-■       ■-■ 

tata, 

aaacutota, _, 

tham.  In  truat,  that  thay  or  ho  ahaU  and  do  put  and 
placa  tha  aama  o«t  at  iMtaroM  In  maanar  afaro- 
aald,  and  pay  ovar  tha  Intatoata  aMd  divldanda 
aforaaald.  IMm  tima  to  ttma,  whan  and  aa  tho 
aama  ahall  boiot  In  and  raeotvod. nnto  my  aaM 
daufhtar,  D.  K,  wr  and  during  all  Uia  tarm  of  hor 
natural  Ilia ;  ao,  novorthalaaa,lhat  tha  aama  ahall 
ba  for  har  aala  ant  aapsrata  MBO,  notwltlMtandlng 
anycovarturo.aad  natto  bol*  any  wayor  manaar 
whatavor  llabia  la  tha  aonwaata,  dabta,  ar  angMo- 
monta  of  any  hnabaad  which  oho  may  baraaftor 
havo  or  tabo.and  not  to  ba  In  any  way  or  manaar 
whatavor  auUoet  to  tba  control  or  intarfbraiMO  of 
Buch  huaband.  And  fttwn  and  Immodtataly  aftar 
the  dacaaaa  of  hor,  my  aaid  daughtor,  p.  u. ,  than, 
no  to  tha  aald  principal.  In  truat  to  and  fbr  tho  only 
proper  uaa  and  banott  of  all  and  ovary  tha  child 
an«  chlldran  which  aha,  my  aaid  daughter.  D., 
may  laavo.  and  tho  lawnd  faauo  of  any  of  tham 
who  may  than  bo  dacaaaad,  bavlqc  loft  auch  laauc. 
to  bo  ocMMlly  ditridad  botwolm  tnom,  aharo  and 
ahara  aBko,  anch  laoiia  of  any  dacaaaad  child  or 
chlldran  of  my  iaid  dauglitiM^,  D..  takiiM.  how> 
ovor.  only  aucb  part  or  ahiro  tharoof  aa  Kia,  har. 
or  thoir  dacaaaad  naront  or  parcnta  would  havo 
had  and  uhon.  had  ho.  aba,  or  thov  boon  living. 

Ono  other  of  tfco  aaid  ^iN  amal  fburth  parta, 
otc.  (m  M  ^rtf«^itttlatu*,0m1ftH»€titlotiilgK.  B./*r 
D.  B.\ 

And  the  romoining  ono  fWl  a^ual  fborth  part 
or  ahara  of  tho  procaada  of  my  aald  raalduary 
aetata,  I  give,  devlaa,  and  bequeath  unto  my 
aald  eaeculora,  hereinafter  named,  and  tha  aar> 
vivor  of  them,  in  trtMt,  that  tiMy  or  ho  do  and 
ehaU  put  and  plaea  tho  oaaM  out  at  intareat  In 


or  afuieaald,  and  nay  and  apply  anch  intar- 
eat, or  CO  much  thoroof  aa  ahall  M  rcMlelta,  to- 
waad  tho  odneatloa  aad  mainteaanea  of  my  eaid 
eon,  •.  %.,  until  bo  fttaina  tha  lawltal  ago  of 
twontf^na  yearn  i  and  whan  and  aa  aooa  ae  ho, 
my  aald  con,  arrlvaa  at  the  ago  afarccaid,  then  In 
truat  to  pay  ovar  the  principal  tharoof,  tagothor 
with  any  accnmulatioa  of  Intaraat  tharooa  which 
may  bo  In  thoir  haada  aalavcatad,  aatt  Mm,  my 
aald  oon,  1.8. 

Itom.  la  caaa  of  tha  daoaaao  of  myaaMdaagh- 
tare.  D.  Bi  aud  R.  B.,  or  oithor  f  f  thorn,  without 
leaving  lawiiiiieeua,  or  af  the  doaoaeo  afmyanid 
ooa,  •.  B.,  nbdor  ago.  and  without  loaviBg  law* 
fbl  iaeno,thfa,ia  aadt  oiaa,  I  give,  dovlae,  and 
aaM  Dart  or  ahara,  baroiBbcforo 


boqucath  the  aaM  jwrt 
given,  dcvlccd,  and  aaqu 
lylag,  aato  my  aaid  aaoei 


and  Iha  aurvlvor  Of  tham,  In  traat.  to  bald  the 
aama  for  my  aurvWIng  child  or  ahlMran,  In  oquol 
charoo  and  proportlona,  In  tha  aama  manaar,  for 
the  aama  oaeo,  Intania,  and  purpooaa,  and  under 
the  truata  and  llmltattena  aa  are  horainbotora  aat 
rarth  and  daclarad  of  and  conaorolng  iho  porta  or 
aharaa  of  my  aald  raatduarv  aetata  haratnbalar* 

Riven,  daviood,  and  baquaothod  Ibr  Iha  ucc,  bona- 
t.  and  bahaof  of  my  acM  chlldran,  racpaatlvaly 
(tam.    I  nominate,  conatltutc,  and  opiMlnt  my 

IHandc,  B.  X.  and  T.  R.,  of  tho  aaid  ,  mar 

chanta,  aoccutora  of  thlc  my  loot  will  and  locla- 
mcnt,  hereby  rovohlKg  an  termer  wWc  and  toota- 
mcntc  by  mc  at  any  lima  horotoflBra  made ;  and 
do  doclarc  thcoo  praoanto  only  to  bo  aad  aoatoln 
my  loat  wlU  and  teatoment. 
la  witnaea,  eu. 
mttuum  will— fla  Tiwrt  tor  Cavtola 


The  laot  wlH  of  mo,  A.  B.,  of  tho  town  of — . 

In  tho  county  («r  dlMriel,  «r  ^rlth)  of ,  and 

Sum  of 1  Boing  of  ooaad  mlad  at  tho  time  of 

mablag  aai  puWaMag  thia  my  laai  wiN  and 


taaathad  to  aucb  chUf  co 

,  aato  my  aaid  aaoeutoro,  hotalaaflar  aaatod, 


I  giva  aad  dovioo  all  my  ootttot  rc*l  •<•'  9**' 
aonal.  wharatf  I  may  die  oalocd  or  mommud, 

to  T.  T., of  tho  caid  town  of .and  B.  X.,  of 

the  came  plaoo  i  to  havo  and  to  hold  tho  oamo  to 
thcmcolvaa,  thoir  hoira  and  oaalgno  Ibravor,  npon 
tha  uaee  and  traeto  foUewlng,  namely  i 

In  truat  trat  to  pay  all  mydabttaad  fbaena 
eapanaca: 

focond,  to  pay  to  my  wife,  W..  upon  hor  cola 
aad  aoparata  rocaipta,  the  Intaraot,  Income,  end 
rcvanuo,  of  an  my  aaid  aototc,  during  tho  lOTm 
of  bar  natural  HH  i 

And  third,  upaa  the  daccaaa  of  my  oold  wife,  to 
ooavort  aU  my  aatd  oouu  lato  cooaoy .  If  each  a 
courao  chaU  bo  thought  hoot  by  my  aald  tniotaac, 
and  pay  to  my  daughter.  D.,  no  oao  third  port 
thereof.  It  cooaUag  ti  mo  boot  to  glvo  bar  M  lirga 
a  charo  oa  accaaat  of  bar  bodily  laSrmitlao  and 
Inabillto  to  provide  far  hmaolf,  aad  the  remaining 
twa-thTrda  aaaaMy  to  Avida  batwaea  my  four 
aone,  P.,  •.,  O.,  and  H. 

If  either  af  my  cirildraa  akall,  bafeca  each 
divletoa,  have  died,  leaving  Uwftil  laaaa,  each 
iceua  to  rvcaive  the  aaionra  eharai  but  If  there 
bo  aa  loouo,  thoa  oaw  ohoro  to  Ml  lato  tho  gen- 
eral Aand,  to  bo  dhridod  amoag  tho  aarvhroro  In 
tho  manaar  bolbro  dlrcctod. 

Aad  I  hor^  give  to  my  aaM  Itimum  Ml 
power  aad  authority  to  mH  aay  or  aH  of  my  real 
octoto  at  privato  ar  aabBc  oaia,  aad  lavoat  the 
Brococdo.  or  to  Icaaa  OM  aomo  aa  thay  aMiy  dacm 
boot  tor  tho  laloNoi  af  aur  lamUy. 

Aad  If  my  ooM  daagtAcr,  D.,  ahall  aat  havo 
attatnod  noago  af  twoatyaao  apaa  tha  doocMa 
of  bar  mathorni  horoby  aaailaato,  aanotltato,  and 

ofthopctaon 


apfaiBtmyaaMtruaMoaguiirdtaaaafi 

aad  aatoto  af  my  aaM  daaghtot',  D.,dariag  the 
romaindor  af  her  minority,  commoadiag  t>ar  w 
thoir  Cnhorhr  caro  aad  arawctloa. 

Aad  I  horchy  aomiaan,  coaatltuM,  aad  appdnt 
my  oaM  truatooo,  T.  T.  and  B.  X.,  oaacwtora  o' 
thlc  my  loot  wiU  aad  tcotamoat. 

la  witnaco  wheraaf,  oto. 

WrtMM  Wtll-«r  WM*«. 


Ba  It  romambarad.  That  I,  W.  W..  af  tho  alty 

af  —— t  widow,  boiag  of  ooaad  mlad  aad  oaam- 
ary,  havo  thought  proper  to  aMho,  aad  horoby 
do  maha  mylStwllI  aad  teataaMat  la  aaaaar 
lallawlag,  that  la  to  ear  I 

I.  I  dlfoat  iM  aqr  Jaai  dohto  aad  ^Ihaaral  oa- 
poaoaa  to  bo  rally  paM  aad  oailaaad  u§ 
oaavoalMtly  aMy  bo  after  my  dooooaa.  . 


ItMaTTgHiaMM  beuoatti  to  myntooo,!^.  C,  9., 
all  my  MMaaiiaM  gaada,  kitohaa  rarattata^  allvcr 

Item.   1  give  and  d<riSamy  ^^ 

aumtf  Ma*  ""i  *%  aa  -^-^  atraot,  la  the  cPbt  af  * 
aad  too  Ml  af  gnuad  aad  api 


iMfli,  In  tr«M.  W  h«M  llw 
;  «hlM  or  ahtMr««,  In  a^ital 
I,  In  Ik*  ■•ma  MMMMr,  far 

li  #■!■  IHtr^VOt  SIM  MMflW 

•«•  •■  •r«  hm*itttm1ut*  M« 
in4  coMariHna  Ik*  Mrn  or 
Muanr  MUM  Mrainbalar* 
l«>«aln«4  tar  llta  uaa,  kana- 
mM  ahlMran,  raayaattvaly 

rMKula,  »n4  af^M  my 
,  af  tiM  aaM  ,  mar 

Ma  my  !■•<  will  •ii4  laata- 
'  aH  termar  wiNa  anjl  laMa- 
tma  harMatata  maaa ;  an4 
mtt  anly  M  M  *»i  aaauln 
■ant. 


K.~i.,it  iM  l«wa of — ^, 
rid,  «r  parlrk)  of  ^— ,  OM 
ao«m4  mIM  M  Ilia  ilmo  of 
Off  tklo  «ay  loot  wUI  ond 

n  my  aoMM.  root  oM  pM- 
r  Ma  aataotf  or  jMoaawad. 

•wn  af ,mmi  U.  X., of 

*a  and  to  hoM  Ika  aoino  to 
I  oM  aaalgito  teravar,  ofoo 
towlon,  Mtaaaly  i 
roll  mytlobtooM  haor* 

i)r  wifa,  W.,  upon  har  oota 
,  (ha  Inlaraot,  Inaoma,  and 
U  aatato,  durlag  tho  io;m 


of  my  aoM  wtCi.  to 
10  NMoay.  If  aaoh  a 
It  kaat  ky  wy  aoM  »<Ktaaa. 
Mar.  D.,  OM  OM  tkM  port 
■MMoi  to  (iva  har  ao  lorga 
rSar  kotf Uy  lairmMoo  ood 
hmoif.  mM  tho  raoMlalac 
I  M*Mo  fcolwaao  my  four 

ildrao  oImII.  bafwo  ouch 
Mnrtnf  lowftd  Uom.  aoab 
Mronro  WMffOi  but  If  thara 
k  Moro  to  mn  Mto  tiM  gan- 
M  aiirvtvoro  In 


to  My  ooM  liMUM  Aill 
•  •an  My  or  on  of  my  roal 
MbHa  Bolo.  aiMI  Imraot  tha 
ko  aomo  oo  tboy  may 
f  my  ftunlly. 
igMar,  D., 


f  oomlMto,  OMMtHatOi  oiMI 
Mo  gnsrilaiM  of  tho  porooa 
«  ttaiMK.  D.,4ariaf  tha 
ortty,  coannaoadiat  l>ar  to 
I  moiaauuii* 

nil,  aoaatttHto,  aa4  apyctat 
r.  aa4  B.  X..  oaaantofo  o' 


WM*w, 


that  t,  W.  W.o  of  tho  oKy 
of  ooawl  MlaA  i 


■M  dahta  aM  fltaatal  aa- 
M  aad  aat<owo<  aaaaMt  aa 

iftar  my  4oooaaa«    \ 
aaatti  to  aay.aiocoiN.C.  B., 
tojiltaho*  ftaraltara,  ailvar 
paral> 
wjoon., 

■▼wj  la  vvm  aofanao^^ 
i4  iooetna  tii}nof  «mt»  mf 
rharaolaaai  aapantaaa* 


COKVIYAHCIS. 


m 


4«riaf  tha  tarm  of  har  natural  UU,  wlihovi  baing  i 
«ub{a«l  or  llabia  la  ar  for  <ha  drbi*.  cenlracia,  or  | 
tiuafamanla  af  any  huahand  tha  may  have  or  i 
lafa.  and  from  and  aftar  har  d*<;«aaa  than  In  Irual 
with  raapaat  to  ona  motaly  or  half  pait  Iharaof, 
far  auah  paraoa  or  paraona,  and  auch  uaaa  and 
puraoaaa  ao  my  aold  niaaa,  hy  an/  Inatrumani  af 
wriling  la  tha  aatara  of  a  laat  will  and  taaiamant, 
may  diraat,  limit,  and  appoint. 

And  far  wont  of  aach  diraallon,  Itmltallon,  or 
appolnlmant.  than  la  truat  to  (rant  and  convay 
iha  aold  motaty  to  tuch  paraon  or  paraona  ao 
would  hava  haaa  anttllad  to  tha  aama  In  caaa  tha 
aaldH.C.  B.  haddapartadthUllfalntaauia.aataod 
af  aold  mototy  la  faa  and  for  auth  aatata  and  ao-' 
lataa,  and  In  auah  porta,  aharaa.  and  proportlooa 
aa  auch  paraoa  or  paraona  woald  In  auch  eaoo  bo 
tntltlod  to  by  tha  Intaauta  lawa  of . 

And  f^om  aad  Immadiatalyafiar  tha  daaaaaaof 
my  aold  alooo,  than  with  raapoct  ta  oao  a^ual 
half  oart  of  tha  ramalnlng  molaty  of  tha  aaM 
prambaa,  ta  hold  tho  aama  In  truat,  to  poy  tho 
not  ranta  and  Inooma  tharaof,  to  my  naanaw,  N, 


B.  P.,  during  hia  natural  lift,  f^aa  ftnm  hia  daku, 
contraata,  aad  angagamanta,  and  from  and  aftor 
hUdacaaaa.thoa  la  truat  to  hold  tha  aald  half 
part  of  aald  romalnlog  meiaty  for  auah  paraon  or 
paraoaa,  aad  tar  auah  uaoo  and  purpoaaa  aa  my 
aaM  aaahaw,  N.  B.  P.,  by  oay  laaliramant  of  writ- 
la  tho  aattiro  af  a  lai 


'»f 


at  Witt  aad  taoUmant, 

olat. 

diractlea,  llmlutlon,  or 


may  dlroct.  limit,  and  appolat. 

And  tar  waat  of  ouafi  diract  ... 

appolatmant,  tkaa  la  truat  ta  grant  and  convoy 
tho  aaaio  ta  aaah  aortaa  t  poraoea  ao  woald  hava 
boaa  aatltlad  ta  tho  aama  had  tho  aald  N.  B.  P.  do> 
partod  thia  llta  '.etaotato.  aaiaad  of  aald  half  part 
of  aaM  mototy  la  tao,  and  la  auah  parta,  aharaa, 
aad  propartlaaa  aa  auah  aoraon  ar  poraooo  would 
la  otMh  aaao  bo  oatltlod  to  by  tha  Intaatato  lawa 

of .    And  from  aad  Immodlataly  aftar  tha  da- 

cMMO  of  my  aaM  alooo,  I  glvo  aad  doviaa  tho  ra> 
maining  tall  aatial  half  part  af  tha  aald  romalalng 

Providad.  bowavar,  aad  I  do  horoby  ditoat  llM 
aald  traataa.  ataav  timo  during  tha  Ufotlma  of  »« 
aaM  nlaoo,  H.  C.  B..  to  aoll  and  diapoao.  at  pubiu 
ar  privato  aala.  af  tha  whole  of  tho  aaM  pramlaoa 
ta  awoh  paraoa  ar  paraona,  for  aach  priaa  and  upon 
auah  tarma  aad  aoadltlona  aa  aha,  my  aaM  nik*. 

pumiaaa,  wlilaii  wniMNit  a«eli  dlra«tk>n  ■hr.U 
not  ba  nMda,aad  to  graat  aad  caoway  tho  aaoia 
ta  dM  jMmtaaar  ar  parahaaara  thoraiSf.  bla,  bar. 
or  thoir  Mra  and  aaatgna.  ferevar,  INa  and  d» 
charta4  from  aH  truata  wnataeovar.aad  an  Ha- 
bUlnr  la  aaa  to  tho  appHaatlaa,  or  hr  tha  aon- 
aaaRaadoa  af  tha  purcnaao-naanay. 

Aa4  Ao  aMflaya  anatttg  htm  Mak  aala  ta  ba 
lavoatad  In,  aama  oaw  aaiurittaa  at  lataraal,  ai3 
ta  ha  MM  la  truat  tar  tha  aamo  aaea  and  pttfpaaoa 
abava  Mt  tarth  with  rMpaet  ta  tho  aaM  praialaM. 

Iteak  1  iUraot  aU  tiio  root,  ro^iM,  rovanlaa, 
and  tfm^mimt  of  My  aatata.  roal.  paraoaal,  and 


ihmmIi  wwlttMflswf 


baraaaavar,  to  ba  oo»- 
aa  aaavaaloMlr  awy  ba 
-  that  parpaaa  I  bmb* 


aiia«Mat«,haroiMiJUr 

aTdla- 

myroal 

web 


than. 


Mlaa w pAada, AMl'upaa  aSh  Mrtw  aadcmiSl- 
bona  aa  la  ok:*  May  aaoM  boot,  or  ta  tb«  i 


vor  of  «Mta .  aatf  ta  gnut  aad  «on«M  tho  aama 

ortha»hainaMdfateaa.llraallom  i>  i  ilaMbty 
for  ar  M  «aa««(hl  af  tfia  appteatim  ui  tita  pu^. 
chaaa-dMMp. 

Ona  tall  o^aat  fhltd  part  af  ttio  oh  procaadt  af 
tho  aaM  raat  aad  raMAa  af  my  aatato  I  giva  aad 
saattMlhtt  mtwm  aapMw. N.  H.  W"  Me  a«- 

iim^mmmmhMr  i*St  aatlgao, m  truat, ta 
..ivaattlMaaaMlaaiiK.     .wiaaa  at  tatarott,  aad 


baquaolh  to  my  aold  naphaw,  N.  H.  W  ,  hIa  tm. 
aaalora,  admlniatratara,  and  aaalg na,  tn  Irual,  to 
Invaat  tha  torn*  in  aafa  aacurltlaa  at  Inlarta',  and 
hold  Iha  aama  In  truat  for  my  aold  naphaw,  (4.  B. 
P.,  aa  abava  mi  forth  ond  dlraattd  with  raapact 
to  Iha  part  and  ahara  of  aald  p<«Rila«a  on  — • 
atracl,  davtaad  In  Irual  for  him  ariar  tha  dacaaao 
of  my  aold  nUca.  And  tha  ra'nalntng  full  equal 
third  part  tharaaf  I  gIva  and  baauaath  lo  my  aald 
naoha w ,  N .  H   W . .  abooluialy . 

Itam.  I  nomlnala  and  appoint  my  acid  naphaw, 
N.  H.  W.,  aaaautor  of  thia,  my  loai  will  and  taa- 
iamant. 

Laatty,  I  ravoba  all  former  wllla  by  ma  mada, 
and  daclora  Ihia  aniy  to  ba  and  contain  my  loal 
will  and  taaiamant. 

In  wlinaaa  wharaof,  I  hava  haraunio  aot  my 

hood  ond  aaal,  tho  day  of ,  In  Iha  yaar 

— ■  W,  W.    iSnt/  I 

•Ignad,  aaolad,  publlahad,  and  daclarad  by  W. 
W.,  tho  loouirla  above  nomad,  aa  and  for  har 
loot  will  aad  loeument,  in  the  praaanaa  of  ua, 
who,  in  her  praaoaae,  at  har  raquaai,  aad  In  the 
praaaaca  of  aach  other,  have  horauato  |f  t  our 


aot  eu 

It 


Ba^noaitM  •iM{_La«««loa  mt  r*w—mml 
iPraporty. 

Baa  dadnilloa  of  ihata  Mrtn<  In  Mm  above. 
AnnuiTV—  PAvaaMT  or,  arc. 

And  I  direct  that  the  aald  annuity  of del- 

lara  ahall  ba  paM  aiear  of  all  doductloae,  eacept 
legacy  duty  cr  U«,  by  equal  hal^/eariy  paymenu, 
tha  flrot  paymaiii  to  bo  made  at  tha  and  of  ola 
ealeadar  MMlha  from  my  death. 

Amwvitt— PimcNAca  oo,  arc. 

I  give  and  beauaath  an  aaaulty  af dolloro 

ta  — ,  for  her  Ufa,  for  her  aole  and  oeparate  uee  i 
aad  for  tbio  purpooo  t  direet  my  eaeeuwre,  within 
—  montha  after  my  deceaae,  la  lay  out  a  aulH- 
cient  partlon  af  my  poroonal  ootau,  In  tho  pur- 
ahoao  of  auch  aa  annuity  aa  aforeeald.  In  her 
name,  from  aama  Incorporated  company ;  but 
neither  aha  aar  any  aoraon  claiming  under  her 

£011  bo  entitled  to  claim  or  accept  in  lieu  or  eatla- 
,  etion  thereof  the  eum  which  may  ba  required 
for  tha  pttrchaaa  af  auch  aaaulty. 

Amnnrv— To  Wir a  Dueino  WioowHnoa. 
I  giva  and  bequeath  aala  my  wife,  W.,  over 
and  abava  the  eototoo  which  ara  already  aottled 
upon  her  Mtuaia,  ate),  oao  ananlty  or  yeorW  eum 
of  — '  dallara.  tar  and  dnrinc  Aa  Urm  af  her 
aatural  Mfo,  to  caaa  oho  ahall  eoHang  continue  my 
widow  I  afdt-dahore^  direct  that  The  aame  ahall 

accrue,  or  bo 
im  or  by  tho 

.J. -it-. f--,  — r-  **  bualnaao 

af  — ,  which  la  la  ba  carried  an  by  my  aald  ea- 
ecutor«,  according  ta  the  direction  hereinafiar  for 
that  purpooo  givoh  and  contalaod.    And  that  the 

oaid  iianaHy  «r  yearly  eum  of dallara  ahall  bo 

poM  ta  har.my  aaM  wita.by  fawr  equal  qaartrrly 
aaymeata,  on  — ,  on  — »,  etc.  In  every  year,  the 
flrai  paymoMt  «a  begia  and  ba  mada  an  auch  of 
tho  aald  daya  aa  ahaU  neat  happen  after  my  da- 
■at  ta  caaa  my  eaM  wife  ahall  mat 


wMow  I  aaa  i-ua  noreoy  aireci  taat  rne  Oi 
be  charged  upaathaintoreotioariaa,  acci 
paM,  aa  baralaaftar  la  ■aeationed,  from  ( 
capital  ta  ba  omalayed  In  my  trade  ar 


my  eaid  wua  ehau  marry 
agala  at  any  time  alter  my  deceaeo,  then  aad  in 
ouch  caaa  j  ravoho  tha  aald  beaaeol  of  tho  eoM 
annuity  af  — •  dallara  horolnbenra  given  to  her, 
and  diract  that  the  oame  ahall  from  theaccfortk 
ceaae  and  datonnlao,  ot«. 

CHAnrTAota  Btqtfaora. 
^  ---  »  ••Jlw  "od  diraat  Aa  aam  of—  dollara  ta 
ba  divided  aa  mvwllb  riialt  thiak  proper,  or,  In 
eaaa  of  her  death,  aa  my  aaM  aen  ahall  think 
proper,  amaag  Moh  af  tho  poor  poreena  raaidant 

in ,  where  I  now  Hvo,  oo  ahall  happen  lo  be 

upon  my  Chriatmaa  Hot,  and  ahall  have  reca<vad 
a  email  denatioa  by  my  order  at  tha  Chriiimaa 
next  preceding  my  dean.  I  llktwlaa  ordar  and 
direct  the  eum  of— dollara  to  bo  divided  or  given 
aa  my  wife  ahall  think  proper,  to  or  amongat  any 
poortamliyor  famillea  of  tho  aforooaid  —  of 

ahd  af  — -,  which  ahall  aoem  to  her  to  ba 

moat  deoervtag  of  auch  rawaid  or  aoaiaiaaea. 


||n|W] 


OOKVRVAMCtl. 


f  'I, 

'     t"' 


up 

ilill 


ih«  MKia,  M  til*  I 
It*  ih*r*«c  M  •pply  tiM  laWraM  m 
•rMInf  tlMttrram,  mr  ar  l«w«r4«  Im 
•f  tour  MW  k«y«i  •!  ar  ta  wa  aaM  aalM 


.  (•..  .w  tka  mM  J  N  tfi*  Mm  af  —  dallafa, 
Hfaa  Irtiat  M  >la«a  «ui  ih*  ••m*  •«  (•vnnmani 
at  rail  •••»« tilaa.  al  laMraal,  in  iha  nam*  af  aMh 

Ktcan*  ••  h«.  ill*  aaaaatara  at  a^mlnlalratara, 
all  ihink  |waa«r,  with  Ukartv  la  tlM  Irualaaa  ar 
irvaiaa  iharaar.  It  ih«  lima  Mlaa,  af  iranapaalng 
I  Inianl  thai  a«Mli  Vwalaaa  ar  liua- 
«l««l4aa4a 
I  •4iMaila« 
r  mt  Mya,  at  af  la  Ma  aaM  aaiMal  at  — , 
atofaaaM,  la  ka  fram  lima  la  itma  aamlnata^  ^ 
•aali  iruaiaa  at  iruaMaa  lar  ilia  lima  batag. 

I  HiLiiaiM— WiTN  Dinai.THiwi  iNHi  iMVMTtiainr,  arc. 

I  kaatiMili  M  aMh  af  my  ahtMran ,  C.  B. .  u.  ■  . 

and  D.  t.,  ina  aam  af 4allara,  wlUi  laurtat 

ai  Iha  rata  ar  — ■•  put  aam.  r«r  aanam,  f^am  mr 
a«aih  itll  ika  ivaMNaiil  ttwaaf,  aaali  taiaraat  la 
b«  pat4  kalf-raatly.  Ami  1  haraky  4aalai-a,  ibat 
ir  my  aaM  MitaliMr,  O.  ft.,  aiiaM  ka  uiMfr  twaniy- 
ana  yaata  at  liy  daaik,  »m4  alMU  aai  kava  m•^■ 
riad,  Iha  lagaav  barakyglvaii  If  har  ahall  ka  ra- 
ialaa4i  ky  wy  VMataaa  RatauMnar  nama4,  tkatr 
aaaaatata  ar  MlMlnMratata,  «■••  truat,  M  pay 
Iha  aama  la  kar  wkaa  aka  aMUl  anatn  iwaaiy- 
ana  yaara  ar  iMrry  i  aatf  .imtm  to wt  la  tka  Maaa 
lima  ia  ipay  <"•  iaiaraat  al  aiMh  lagaay  la  kar. 
and  har  ra«at|rt.  iia<wlikataa4liif  kar  lataaay.  «• 
ka  an  afkauMl  4l«akar|a  lar  Ika  aania  i  aM  If 
Iha  aal4  D.  i.  akatl  mm  aiMl*  twanly-ana/aara 
ar  marry,  Iha  aama  la(rey  akall,  afa*  kar  Math, 
uah  luia  My  raaMuary  aaUia.* 

Canal  iiomal  RaQvaar. 

Whar«M  tka  diraaiara  af  — —  Unlvaraiiy  ara 
naw  angaf ad  la  aa  aMft  laaalaria  Ita  apkara  af 
a«il«n,  ial  |l«a  It  traaiar  aMalanfy  la  M«iMatlii| 
•duaatlaa,  aad  kawf  iaalraiia.  If  aaak  aMrt  ahall 
va  aaaaaaafkl,  w  aUU  nirthar  aatargiat 


»iar|l«f  ita 


•pkara  m4  allaMHMjr  ky  amiawlag  mjftwmmf- 
*/  ka^iMCtk  ta  aaM 


4  mitvaraliyi  ikarafira  I  glva 
«M  <Mrr  Auwrf /W/  aaMir),  tka 

aam  af daMra,  f  ka  p»U  wlikla  —  yaara 

anar  my  daath.  nr  Ika  |wr|i»aa  af  Madlag  and 
I  trmanantly  aadaWlag  a  yraf>aaaraklp  af  —  In 
•aid  anltraraltyi  afwa  aaiMltlaN.  kawavar,  that 
Iha  aiim  af  —  dalla>4  alian,  wlikin  —  yaara 
fram  Ika  lima  af  my  daatk,  ka  ralaad  tar  tka  ftir< 
faaa  af  andawinf  iwa  aikar  nraf^taaraklya,  and 
faylag  tka  liMaMadaaaa  af  aaM  aalvaraliy. 
CoaroaAiwii  Baguaai  to. 
I  glva  aad  ka^aaatk  la  <<**#/■«■ 'A#  A// mmm/ 4^ 
Mr  >.-»rt»*»lifm,  *r,  (/mM  ttrMxbi  /hwnw.  AtrlHng 
ll\  at  — ~.  tka  aaM  af  — -  daOara,  ta  ka  apyltad 
la  {Hal*  9JM). 

DiATH  oa  LaaATaa, 


{anal  aatala  jf  Mek  iagataa  at  kUarkar  1 
''Daar. 
I  kaauaaUi  ta  •.  F..  aw  daM  wkkk,  at  tka 
lima  al  my  daaaaaa,  akaU  ka  awing  fraoi  kim  la 
mt,  tagatkar  whk  aay  lataraai  tfcaa  daa  Ikar a 
Kfian. 

i)piiia  ^larvoMBiairT  aa  Catxacwowj  avc* 
I  auiharlaa  aad  aataawar,  kat  4a  aat  ramlra, 
my  caaautara  ta  aafkr  m4  aaatgaaa  tka  raawrlag 
paymant  af  aay  dakt  (carrying  marati)  wkln  laay 
ba  awing,  ta  ma  MM  (aMir)  at  tka  ttaM  ar  arir 
dacaaaa.  nr  aaak  aarMI  aa  m$  aaaaataia  ikal 
Iklak  At. 

Dewaa.    taa  DavMMi  brlr,;?. 

DbDM   AMB  OttHAWaNt*. 


kaavaatk.la  m: 


wiv.i  To  Ciritaanii. 
aMtirM  wha  ikcll  ka  IMag 


■nr  aMMraa  wha  akcll  k 
al  tka  tima  af  a»y  daatk  an  {/*€., «  Mmf\ 
la  ka  dividatf  ka&raaa  ikam  t  and  ' 
•heald  artaa  wltk  raayaat  la  ~ 


w  Mmf\  MaaUy 
I  If  aay  dupaia 
^a  dMalaa,  I 


M*  IHN  N  a  nonvamaM  yrwHo  m  ma  maa 


auikarlta  mv  •■acutarn  ta  dIalrtkaM  Ika  aald 
•#•*!•  a^ually  amangd  my  tatd  thlklran. 

f iiMMiTt'Nii,  «f(  ,  III  Wir«  (Himtmi  WimtWHnna 
I  awa  and  b««iMalh  la  my  wita  during  har  llta, 
and  M  lang  aa  Hia  ahall  ramain  a  wMaw,  Iha  ua* 
af  all  {>Mi  iwU^i  And  aflar  har  4—»»mm  ar  ra- 
marring*,  I  glv*  and  knauaath  ih*  aama  u  (m«w) 
*b*a<uttly  iT  h*  (vr  atM)  akacM  ka  living  at  ih* 
taa  *r  ramarrlag*  af  my  wifc.  k<ti  Ir  ha  («r 


ramarrlag*  af  my  < 

•h«i  tSiaaM  ka  daa4l,  Ikan  M  {-—ntt  fmrtkt  mtr 
htn  t*  iHtmMl  tm  ntt*»nttm;  «r,  m  tmu  tk*  m4U  tin 
tllrnl.il  l*t  Itimt0ft  pi^i^tf  f  At  ««M,  »m4  /*< 
fnf  It-It  katit  />  Irutl,  mp  ■  •nd  nflar  Ikn  rimMca  ^r 
rvHMrilng*  I  dtnct  my  •■«euMn  and  IruaMM  (»  mII  ih« 
um*.  and  add  ih*  p«>c«ad«  w  ih*  ln«M-A<*d,  wxla 
Ihl*  mf  wlU). 

PiiiMiTvaa,  Booaa,  PnovtMom,  arc  .arc. 
I  f  Wa  and  ka^aaaik  la  («*a«r  wk»\  i»tt  tka  kaak*- 
katd  rtimliara.  kaaba,  warha  af  art.  and  aihcr 
akaiiala  and  alfcaia,  tagatkar  wltk  wtnaa,  ll^uar*, 
faol.  hauaahaaaing  pravlalaiia  and  aikar  aanauro 
abl*  aiaraa,  wkkk  akaH  al  my  daaaaaa  ka  la  ar 
akaut  my  dwalUng-kaaaa   al  ,  aaaapl  («m/r 


OcwB-mLL  o*  RiMfinia,  arc. 

I  giva  and  ka^aaatk  ika  gaad  will  aad  kanaAi 

af  Iha  kaalnaaa  ml .  wklah  I  aa*  naw  aarrying 

*m  at  — — ,  and  alaa  ail  my  aagttal  and  iirapariy 
wkkk  akaU  ka  amptayad  Ikaraia  at  my  4m*»m, 
and   alaa  tka  laaaakaid  arimltaa  attaala  and 

kalaa  Na. ,  al ,  amraaald,  wkarata  tk* 

aald  Vt*ln***  ••  naw  kcing  (arrlad  aa,  ter  all  my 
tarm  and  Iniaraat  ikatala,  aaia  my  — ,  akaa 
lalaly. 

InrAirr't  LaoAcr. 

i  ka^uaatfc  ta  1. 1..af ,  tka  aam  af  — dal- 

larai  and  If  Um  aald  1. 1.  ahall  ka  andar  Iwaaty- 
aaa  yaara  wkaa  tka  aama  lagaay  akall  ka  MyaUa 
f  dlraai  tka  aama  Mgaay  la  ka  paM  ta  RM  ISliMr, 
r.  I.,  af,  p».,  la  ka  iiaiUaad  ky  kIm  at  Ma  dia- 
arailan,  tmr  Ika  kanaAl  ar  kla  aald  aaa,  m  ka 
akall  alula  Iwaaiy-ana  yaara )  la  aiiak  aaaa  tka 
racalpt  af  Ika  aald  t.  I.  la  ka  aa  tjhataal  dta- 
akarga  Ikr  tka  aama  lagaay. 

Jawaiar,  FtAra,  Ana  HtmmmtHM  bncn,  Domim 

WlBOWMOOa, 

I  gIva  aad  aaatrm  la  my  daar  wifa  aN  tka 
jawala.  tolakaia.  aad 


jawaia.  ttiaaau.  aaa  aaraaaai  anwmaata  warn 
f  aaad  ky  kat  darlag  «y  MIMnmi  and  i  alaa 
gl«a  ta  kar  aM  my  wlaaa,  laaara.  aai  aikar  aaa- 
aumaMa  ntaraa,  aad  all  my  banaa  aad  rawlagai. 


aai    ,  ,  „_^_ 

far  kar  akaataia  aaa  aad  kaaait. 

I  gIva  aH  myalata  aa4  plaladi.„ 

ptctaraa  aa4  anaia  aata  my  aatd  wlfi,  ta  aaa  aad 
anjay  tka  aaiia  dartay  kar  Hm,  If  aha  atian  aa 
laag  aaatfMa  ggr  wlywt  aai  nam  ^ad  a^ 

•iM  kaMaaL  ta  aaah  aaa  af  ma 
■TaH.lSlri 


i^aW^wWWV^m    Pff^m 


iM  iwSwM^iaaaa.  baliw  1H: 
lH}, aad  an  m/fkraMara  aad 

aabaaMwilMa 
w,  aad  ta  aaa  aad 


,  t0tmrn4at  H\  aad  an  my  ikralliira  aad 

.    -^      M  aMMia^alagJa  ar  akfat ar aMraprl. 

atytf  ar  kalaaftng  la  tka  aBM7h»allliig>kaS*, 

p  waa  aaa  aat  kaiag  plaia  ar  atatad  artteka, 


»y 

laMlaaaa 


kaaaakald 
ataTaTki 
awjrWM 

^&1mrml 

FAtMmr  Mr  Lmmcih. 

(aaatdy  dClgaiiw)  akaa  fea 
a^awariagftf  gwaal^wy 

FAVwairr  «a  LaaAcm  Faaa  faaai  Dviv. 
IdiraattkMaa  lafaMaagtvmVnyjMMFllfc 
a/amr  aadM  ikwiiS,  ahOI  tw  IdTiaa  toHa 


■Ml  pvnOTiviiv 


I  my  ••14  «hlUI(«B. 

fi9u  (Uimtmt  Wtnamt^anm 
>•  my  wtte  ilutinf  Mr  Ut», 
i  fam^ln  •  w|4«w,tlt«  t— 
A  aftaf  li«r  4««aaM  •€  »•- 
laitaatll  lh«  ••m*  !•  («•«<) 
•  I  •K«sM  ba  H«tM  •iiM 
•<  my  wIM.  feMi  Ir  iMUr 
Mil  M  (w^trm/  ^rlUf  mnp 
Hits  /  »r,  m  tmu  Ikt  »///  *••  > 

V'  **>■  alW  IWf  rf»w««  ••t 
icitwn  airf  miMMM  to  Mil  ih« 


•4«  M  iIm  InM^tad,  wm1« 

PnOVWNMV.  WflC  I  TC. 

•  (««•«•  m4«),  hU  w«  lM«rt« 
WMka  •<  Art,  AMI   Mhcr 

l««Mr  Willi  wliM«,  tl^iMr*. 
HttMM  sni  MiMf  •••■•iim ' 
N  •!  my  <•»■■■■  k«  la  m 
«••  M ,  aMapl  (•«•<« 

•  RMtmm,  ate. 

Mm  f  m4  will  »mi  ktiMflt 
wkMi  I  M  iMW  Mfrylnfl 
ImyMftMi  m4  M«««r«y 
•4  llM»w«  M  my  4««aM«. 
M  irtrntaw  altiMta  mU 
-,  BMrmMM,  wiMrMa  tk« 
^inf  uirrtM  •«,  ter  ui  my 
rala,  ««*•  My  — 


't  Lao«e*. 

— ,  Mm  (Mm  af  —  4*1- 
I.  mmH  ka  an^ar  twaaty- 
na  lagaav  alMil  ka  mmm« 
ly  laV  M4  taliMWiiMr. 
Aaf  a4  1^  Mm  M  Ma  tUii- 
I  af  kto  aaM  ami,^  k* 
a  yaara  i  la  aMk  aaaa  Mm 
I.  M  ka  aa  tifliatMal  4i»- 
laay. 


m  my  «l«ar  wife  M  lh« 

MFVMMU  OCIMWMIM  W#fn 

aiyMMMt  nM  I  ^^ 


I  9tMhnBtg9^t 


.    _  afttr 
marrlMa  fwhkkavar  tM) 
Iftmimmita  am  tiaia 

IwaMMMMMa.  halM  Na. 
•Ml  M  My  mraMwi  and 


HK  fMn  ffeaM  DviT. 


CONVKVANCtf. 


Fanmi»»y  l,an*rT 
I  ka^uaatk  to  t«Maw  >4#  4m<w<i  ika  awn  af  — 
Mllara  (M  MpaM  M  iMai.  cr  br,  »MMa adcr  mr 

I  atv*  tha  Mlawlng  Uj •«)••  (iImi  *•  la  m«) 

TJ  iwy  n«fli«w,  N    WT. dallara,  w  h* 

M  him  ■!  hta  agt  af  l«»tn<y-«n*  i 

ta  N   B. 4«lla>«  t  m  my  rim*,  N.  C,  •— 

4atla'«.  al  aa^  wkaa  tk*  •hall  •rrlv*  at  h«r  aaa 
•I  iwaaiv-aaa,  «t  ka  marrlarf  i  la  my  naphaw.  R. 

U  . lallara,  at  hia  •«•  al  Iwanly-tna,  4lih 

iniaraai  la  Iht  m«an  lima  i 

UntoC.  t..aa4D  N  .(hlMranafmy  nIata.N.  •., 
—  4«llara  aaah  t  all  iha  aald  laiaalaa  la  ka  aaM 
•a  iha  raaaaallva  lagaiaaa  wlihin  Iwalva  montha 
■  riar  my  aaaaaaa  im«>  «nil  (iiuyt  iK<im  givoi  i.i  m^ 
•  .III  «lt«  My  mM  inMUa>  and  »nn»t-in,  •nd  my  Mr- 
>..»u,  vfcich  •«•  M  ba  yaid  imaiadlaMly  aAat  My 
■Umh) 

I  f  tva  aaia  iha  Mt4  D.  R.,  iha  daaahiar  of  — , 
Iha  aam  af aa  iha  4ay  af  har  mar r Uaa  t 

I  gtya  aftar  har  4aaaaaa  Uia  aaM  aum  af 

4al|ara  i 

Uala  twah  «MM  at  chll4ran  af  tha  aald  D.  R.  a* 
•hall  aitala  tha  aga  or  iwaniy-aaa  yaara,  la  ba 
4l«l4a4  amana  tham  (if  mmn  than  una)  la  aaual 
^•ffK*»*  "  Mtt  aaa,  iha  whala  la  ga  to  ayah 
aiM  ahlM  aa  ■hall  aiiala  ika  saM  aga.  Tha  mt- 
ttoa  M  parilana  af  auaa  af  tham  aa  may  aiUln 
tka  aaM  aga  la  ika  lUatlma  af  Ib4  aaMI  O.  R.  la  ba 
a  vaaia4  latanai  ar  «aaM4  tatoraau.  thaugh  net 
aayakla  uU  aftar  har  4aath,  aa4  tka  toUfaat  af 
iha  ^aaam^iva  iMrttooa  af  aaah  af  hay  ahlMraa 
aa  may  ka  aa4ar  tka  aaM  aga  at  tka  uma  af  har 
4aath,  ar  aa  muak  ikaraaf  aa  akaU  ka  tkaught 
aaaaaaary,  to  ka  afpha4  far  ar  Mwar«a  tka  main- 
MMMMa  aa4  a4uaaiiaa  af  aiiak  latani  aklM  ar 
•klMraa,  aatll  ka.  aka.  ar  tkay  akall  attala  tka 
••Maga,  aa4  ti  -  ' 
wMak  may  aat 
aaaiMiaiaia  aMI 

ar  akaraas  ar  la  aJMa  tiMra  lAaUka'aa  aiMh  ahii^ 
4raa  wka  ahaU  attala  tka  aal4  aga,  auak  aat«m»- 
litMaa  ta  till  lagatkar  witk  tka  anaalaat  mum 
Into  my  raai4imr«  aaraaaal  aatoto. 

I  giya  MM  D.  W.,  faugktar  af  my  bapkaw.  N. 
W. ,  — -  4aHara,  kiit  tka  aama  aat  w  ka  «aata4  la. 
ar  paM  to  kar  Mil  aka  akall  attaia  tka  aga  af 
twaMy>«aa  yaara,  aa4  aat  to  kaar  lalaraat  la  tka 
aaaMi  iMMt 

akM  at  aklMraa  of  him,  tka  aai4  R.  S.,  Jmn 
to  kto  MfctUaa  ar  ariar  hU  4acaaaa,  aa  akaU  av 

lata  tka  aga  at  twaety-aaa  yaara,  4allara, 

Mm  afMia«  ^  4l«Ua4  amaog'MMm,  If  maratkM 

,  aad  If  kat  aaa.  Mm  wkala  to 

I  akaU  attaia  Mm  aaM  aga, 

Aaalk  af  Mm  aaM  R.  t. ,  fcaalag  a  <klM  ar  cklMraa 


I  aa,  aaa.  ar  taay  ahall  attala  tka 

tka  wrplaa  4»«Maa4a  ar  lalaraat. 

•t  ka  apfka4  <kr  Miat  «urfaaa,  ta 

Ml  ga  atoag  witk  Una  ariglaal  ahara 


«M  aimia  M  aa  aivMaa  ai 
aaa,  la  aaaal  akaraa,  aad 
ga  lia  aacb  aaa  aMU  aa  • 
ia4  aat  to  kaar  totoraat  i 


Mmi  my 


tka  am  af  twanty-aaa  jraafa,  my  wUI  w. 
ay  aaM  traataaa  ar  iraMaa  far  tha  Uma 
_  abaU  aa4  aiay  aay  ae4  apply  aay  aum  aat 
aaaaa4lag  tha,  aiM»  af —  4allara  par  aaaam.  ky 
a^aal  Martar^  aaymaato.  tm  aa4  tawar4a  tha 
ataiatoiMBaa  aaJ^a4«aatwa  af  aaak  Inlkat  akIM 
ar  aktMraa,  aatU  ka,  aka,  ar  tkay  ahaU  attala  Mm 
aga  al  twaati^Ma  «Mra.  Ami  I  arin  Miat  Mm 
itorttoaa  ^  aaek  akMraa  af  Mm  aaM  R.  •.  aa 
-"-  a  Ika  aaM  aga  af  twaaty^aoa  yaara  la 
ia.ahaUkayiMi«  lataraata,  thaugk aat 
t  allar  Ma  4aaik. 


•kail  attala  ika 
KarUtoMmi 
iMIl 


ANOVNaM— To  A  MMiiao  Womam, 
I  kaaaaaMi  S».y-  *""•  •»  C.  D..  Mm  aaui  af 
—  Mtara.  RaM  awm  akaU  ka  fkr  har  aaU  .ia4 
•aparato  aaa  aa«  haaalli,  aa4  tkat  kar  racalpt, 
ai^wtttMMMtai  kar  praaaat  ar  aay  Mtara  mar- 
ri|«a,  ahail  ka  a  valM  aatf  affa«t«u[r4lackarga  af 


.    .    _    ^    Ravawa  o«  Etr«TB. 

Aa4  aR  Mm  rial,  raaMaa,  aa4  ramala4ar  af 
■y  aaiato  vd  awaia,  ivkataaavar  aB4  wbaraao- 
aaar.  aaa  ar  wkat  aatiira  aa4  bln4  aaavar,  wMcb 
al  Mm  UfM  af  mt»  4acaaaa  i,  ar  aay  paraoo  ar 
Pfnaaa  to  .toiM*  Ika  ato.  am.  ar  ara  pamaaaa^ 
ml,  m  MttlM  aato,  aait  aat  karalakaimra  41a- 

rA^k&tSraJi.''k£s.-u^    S! 


mlnlaltatara,  aiM  aaalgaa,  a«aar4lng  to  tka  aa> 
luia  •n4  quality  Iharaaf  raapMllvaly,  lu  mad  hf 
Ihalr  awa  aapacaia  uaa  and  banaAi 

^H»ai  liaima   AnotMan   Will 
An4  wharaaa.  undar  Iha  will  af  U   l>  ,  I  am  aa- 
Illla4  la  a  ahara  In  hia  raatduary  oarwiiial  aa- 

toto, I  ka<|itaaih  iha  aal4  ahara  to  t.  R. 

IMUIIMI    III  X<IM 

Wharaaa.  my  aMaai  aaa,  t.  H..  haa  highly  af- 
fandad  and  dliMbaya4  ma,  I  Iharafara  giva  and 
kaauaalh  unie  my  aaM  aaa,  •.  R  ,  aaa  ahlliing, 
and  na  mura. 

HtcMM  -  run  Kurroav  o»  Wira  ahu  ('HiLiwaM 
I  flva  an4  ba^iuaaih  iha  Inlaraal  an4  incama  af 

dallara, ipar  aani.  laan  al  ,  lo  R.  X, 

anj  T,  R.,  Ihalr  aaaculora  and  adminlatraiara, 
far  Iha  aaparala  uaa  ol  my  niaca,  N,  P  ,  wila  af 
H.  P.,aaand  upon  ihia  aapraaa  Irual  and  (anh- 
4anaa,  ihal  Ihay,  iha  aald  Irualaaa,  da  and  ahall 
raaalva  tha  Inlaraal  and  incoma  la  ariaa  Ihara 
fram,  fram  and  aftar  iha  day  •!  my  dacaaaa,  and 
apply  Iha  aama  la  and  ter  iha  mainiananca  and 
aupparl  of  tha  aald  T.  R.,  and  le Iha  matnlananca, 
auaparl,  and  aduaalian  af  har  childran,  barn  ani 
Mba  born. 

Aad  ir  Iha  aal4  alavb  ahall  ba  radaamad  or  aaM 
all,  than  my  aald  irualaaa  ahall  rainvaal  Iha  pra- 
•aada  In  •oak  aihar  aiocha  »m  thay  ahall  ihinh 
baal.  In  tkair  namaa  in  it ual,  and  racaiva  and  ap- 
ply tha  InUraal  and  Incoma  lliani:*  la  ariaa  la  Iha 
liha  uaaa  aad  purpaaaa  aloraaaid,  ti«4  —  en  •■ 
allaa  ca  aay  ataah  haM  ar  la  ba  haM  Mn4ar 
tbia  tfuat  ahall  ba  pai4  a*,  ■n4  aftar  iha  daalh 
af  Iha  aaM  N.  P.,  than  In  uual  la  pay  ovar  and 
divida  Iha  priaalpal  and  all  unaBplia4  Inlaraal  to 
an4  amaagat  all  •a4  avary  har  ahildran,  born  an4 
to  ba  bara,  tkat  ahall  ka  aliva  at  iha  uma  ol  bar 
4«alk,  la  aaual  partt,  and  if  allhar  el  har  thiMran , 
kara  ar  to  ka  kora,  akall  kw  than  daad,  laaving  la- 
aua,  tkaa  aiiak  iMua  akall  uba  in  aaual  parte  iha 
•kara  tkat  hIa.  bar,  ar  ikair  paraot  wauM  kaya 
uhaa  If  tkaa  living. 

Trmt  rou  UniMcoafoaAraa  HociaTV. 
I  glya  aad  baquaaib  to  A.  R.  and  C.  D.,  aa4  to 

tkair  auaaaaaara  faravar,  iha  aum  al dallara 

la  traat,  tor  tha  banalti  af  auch  undargraduata 

Sudaato  af  tha  aallagiata  'lapartmaat  af  tha 
alvaralty  af ,  aa  ahall  ba,  or  ahall  (ram  lima 

to  Uma  kaaama,  mamkaraaf  •  lltarary  aaaaalatien 
ar  aaatotynaw  argaaiaad  amaag  aaM  •tudanto, 

•ad  kaawa  aa  tha taalaty,  af  whiak  aaclaty 

I  am  a  graduata  mamkar,  ta  ka  appllad  ky  tha 
MM  tniitaaa  to  adutattoaal  purpaaai  far  Ihalr 
kaaalt,  to  naanaar  tallawlag  {.tUtiitg  Uu  ttffU- 

'  •avlaaa  af  Rla«|  Vvmpmrtt, 

Saa  4aBnltto«  of  ihia  tana  In  iha  i»t  abava. 
Upwaa— Uaviaa  im  Liav  or,  ate. 
J  gjya  aad  daytaa  unto  my  kalayad  witb,  W.  R.. 
aU  that,  my  landa  ar  toaamaat  and  parcala  af 
graund,  altuaM  (iMiifiAt  inUHtr'i  *rt*iu  turdt. 
He.),  togatkar  with  iha  appurtonaacaa,  to  kaM  ta 
bar,  my  aaM  kalavad  wlfa.  W.  B..  aad  har  aa- 
•tea^.  tor  and  durlag  all  ika  Mrm  af  kar  natural 
lift,  tha  paying  tha  buiaa  tharaof  and  haaptag  tha 
bulldinga  to  lananukto  rapalr. 

Aad  itfa,  maraeyar,  a|ya  to  my  aaM  wlft,  to  har 

•>^'"tt  "•••  »''•  •"*  "' <••»•»•.  tawftil  maaay 

of  tha  Ualtad  tuMa,  to  ka  paM  to  kar  In  tkraa 
mantka  aaat  aftar  my  daaaaaa. 

And  It  la  my  will  aad  maaning,  tkat  tka  proyl- 
•toa  karalakalkra  mada  (br  my  aaM  wlfa,  in  maa- 
aar  and  torm  aa  atoraaaM,  ahall.ka  aad  skaU  ka 
4aamad  a4JiMgatf  aad  tokan  to  ka  In  liau  and  kar 
af  kar  dawar  ar  tklr4a  or  atkar  porticn  af  aad  la 
all  my  aatoto. 

Daytaa  to  taacvrcdM  im  Tatmr— Witm  Powm  to 
8ai.L,  Bit'. 
I  giya  aad  davlM  aU  my  raal  ar4  paraoaal  aa- 
S?*Sf  af  wkat  aatora  ar  bliM  aaayar,  to  B.  X.  aad 
T.  R. ,  Mm  aaaaiMra  af  tMa,  my  laat  wlU  and  taa- 
tomant,  karaiaaRM'  naminataa  aad  appatatad.  In 
truat.  far  Mm  paymaat  of  my  Jnat  daUaaad  Mm 
lagaeiaa  akinra  apaalRad,  wiMi  pawar  to  aaU  aad 
diaaaaa  af  tha  aaiM,  at  pukita  ar  privato  aato.  at 
attch  unto  ar  Uhmb,  aad  upon  aaah  tanaa,  aad  to 
aaakmaaaaraatotkam  akall  •aaa  aMaLfra- 


CDtnrtVAMm. 


la  i|mHii'««i#«  •#  iM  !•««  m4  (VtM^tMy 
wMah  I  M««  Mi4  IMMM  ^  aMl  lavrar^a  hiM.  l»i* 

CM  p.  X  ,aiMi  •!••  Im  ««M«4«rati««i  af  IM  many 
IlklWI  y^Uaa  M  baa  hw  maay  *«af«  laa«  »•»% 
4m»  aaA  mihtmuA  fcr  ma  in  imi  akaal  mv 
•NUta.  aM  Nkawlaa  la  raaaMyaaaa  fcf  Iha  araal 
•a*«  aw<  ^aa  ha  m««  ^  a«  aa4  fal  aala  ta  lit* 
lUUinil  •aaaalifa  •(  Ikia  aiy  laa«  win  a«4  Jaa«a 
maa«.  I  «t«a  a«4  4««laa  aata  Mm,  «M  aal4  •  Y  , 
m4  Ma  iatfa. all  ika  raa«, raaMaa,  ja4  ram  tixd" 
•r  aiy  raal  aa4  fataaaal  aaiaiaa  wMMa*'  •  ■  > 
$•94*  •m4  akalMla,  laaia.  taaawaata,  an/ 
tamaaw,  kMk  la 
fakaU 
al  tha 
M«*la< 

•aM).  ••  haM  a'arf  aalay  Mm  aaaia  i« 
fpm  mm  aa4  kali«al,  aM4  M  kla  Im4< 
>naa.  lara^af . 


W,  kMk  la  paaaaMiaa  an4  la  ravai  >,  .»>,,  tiial 
ka  ^a»Ma<a<  M,  ar  any  way  aaitiM  aala, 
Uaia  at  ai*4aaMaa  <*A*r  •H  wy  •k^t  /ikJ 
M*  *••  Aim  |mM  ana  tailalM  ih«r«<Hii,  ••  <An< 


hla  awn 


n««»a(HH 
I  jl«aan4  4avlaa  ai 

•that 


Davna, 


I  jl«aan4  4fvlaa  aa««  m*  naatlakMraa,  A.  ■,, 

1.0.,  llta  tklMraa  af  my  l«Mh*tr,  p.,  an4  raalt 

that  «MM  ar  aMMraa  al  ai/aaW  iaailittt,  aa 

layka  bara  af  kar  in  lawml  wa^taab.ail  my, 

lib  all  My  Ian4,  at*.,  an4  a 

in,  ata.,  m  kaM  tka  aania  la 

m»4  ■raa4aktMr*n,  <ka  «M 

aauMiar,  O. ,  aiU  ikatr  kali 

,  aa  lanaaM  la  taMmaa  an 


■layaa  aara  ai  aar  in  Mwnii  wa«iaak,all  my, 
•M.,  Mfatkar  wllk  all  My  ian4,  at*.,  an4  aN  Ika 
ktilMlaia  tkaraaa,  $i%*.,  m  kaM  ika  aama  la  ikam 
My  aMMMa«<ima4  fraa4aktMr*n,  Ika  aMMran 
•f  aiv  anraaaU  i*<iM\tt,  O. ,  a«<  ikatr  kaita  ai»4 
•aatgna,  H*vnt,  aa  lanaaM  In  aammaa  anfl  nai 
■a  MtM  lakfAMianrf  I  aMaini  my  aaa,  t.  i,, 
m4  Ma  aaMjvlh,  an4  UW  atrvivar  af  ikam,  la 
•a  My  imataaa  ar  ika  mM  aaiaia.  karaky  am- 
Mwaring  Ikam  an4  Ika  Mnrlvw  af  Ikam,  Imma- 
•fartafy  ariar  my  4f—,  %•  a«Mf  aaaa  aa4  man< 
afa  iKa  aama  ta  ika  kaM  a4vaMag«  af  tkair  aal4 
dii^  4«Hm  Ika  HIb  af  my  iM4  aaa  aa4 
4a«(Mar.  ar  ika  antvlvar  af  tk«A. 

AM  la  a«4ar  M  yraaarva  Ikai  <aaaa4a»<>a  wMab 
•MMraa  a«ar  aagki  ta  kaaa  afaa  ikair  Mrania, 
1 4a  Nrtkarar4ar  that  my  mM  aaa  ad  4*ailiiar, 
ar  Mm  awvlvaa  af  Umm.  ahaN  aa«  ka  aaMaaHa4 
la  aaaaaa*  ta  ikal*  aaid  aMMraa  fcr  tka  MaAta 
af  aaM  aalMa  4«rliM  tka  Hraaaf  My  aat4  aaa  aai 
<laa«ktar  i  bat  aal4  trnataaa  akall  aaaaani  ta  tkakr 
aMMraa,  ar  ta  aaak  faarAaa  aa  ahall  ba  aa> 
Baiaia4  la  IImm,  al  avak  MMa  aa  tiiay  Ika  aaM 
braaiaaaakall  iMak  arayar.  AM  If  aMKaraf  thair 
aaM  akIMraa  ikaM  4lafata  tka  aaaaaat  aa  ky  tbate 
aaM  MraMa  Ma4a,  tbaa  I  aWa  an4  4a«taa  aaak 
MM*  af  aaM  afilM'a  aataia  ft  My  aaM  4aatkiar 
MM  bar  baira  tov»«ar,  laitalkar  witk  aH  iha  raMa. 
MMMa^aMl  r       <  '^  '  aMy  bavc  baaa  Ma4a 

Mm*  -aa.atc 

t  glaa  a»1       <   .  /  baaiia  «     «•  .«. 

MMMi,  laa^  aaMi,  aHaaia   aa4 

batag  at  —  .awu..  jp  af ,  la  ika  aaM 

•"9*9  ¥  — •  ^fblab  I  aaribaaai  af  0.  >..  uata 
HMJM  f  JM  aya  af  My  aaVlia^.  ••  L,  tba  aMar, 

HmMai  *M»  LAMaa.  to  oa  Witn 

^M  I  glva  aail  4ai 
•04  MrMitMMma, 

-—.la  iIm  Maatjr •r~, wbUb i  avrabaawi 
O.  R..  aiM  «a  4av<aaaa  la  tba  iaat  «HU  aaitaat*' 
Maat  af  P.  D. ,  4a«a«M4,  witb  tba  aMwrtaaMMaa. 
ta  MMb  MM  tba  aaaM  aataaa  aaJTbataawa,  aiM 
fir  aiMii  cmI^Um  aawa  fiata  aa4  artataa,  a*  tba 
uaaMaata,,  brM.  mM  MmM,  MMM«ii^  •aUn4 

Ta  tba  umi  aa4  laMM  tbat  Mm  aaM  laa4a  aa4 
buaiiMMMMa  aa  jaribbaa*  tar  Ma  aa  afaraaaM 
?y*t-t»J*<1  *^  >bM  iHW^aaia.  IbrM.  aiM 

■aVMMf  OTMavaCf  iMaRaaf  ar  ayyawtaw. 


.  an  Laws,  arc. 
4avtaa  aM  tba  buMa,  laaaMaata, 
ita,  jyiag  aal  Mag  at  ar  aaar 
k. t€---, wblabi  awabaaatf  af 


•  nxa  f>»  f1»»i«a,  arr  -  fmommnm  m  pi«»»ai»r 

I^a«{4a4  alwaya.  an4  I  4a  IvnaMf  4»a*l,  ikal 

If  anir  af  Ika  4a»laaaa  a*  lagaiaaa  in  ihla.  my  will. 

nama4  akall  4ta  balbra  m«.  ih«n  ik*  mi4  4a«M«« 

an4  ba^aaala  akall  n«4  layaa.  kui  in  ilia  *aaa  •( 

««ai  aataia  amk  jpaiaan  an4  p*t—m*  —  akall  Im 

Ika  4a*)aaa  «4mH  laka  aa  ika  4a*)aaa 

'•kn  ir  aiMk  A*t¥ji»9  ka4  (utoivaa 

•n4  la  aaaa  at  a  ba^uaai  af  •«* 


Ika  kaira 

wauM  k  •«• 
aii<l  iHi<li«< 
•  'nal  •t.aia 
■  M  )■•<'  |a 
'    .nt  r>    >    akIW  uf  tniwfan  ai  ma  Maak 
<  1 1ka  c  111  akin  ar  a««k  laaalaa  in  tka  iama  man- 
ntt  %\     ««ak  laaalaa  waaM  kava  ukaa  It  aaak 
lag awa  •.aJ  aiu*l*a4  aa4  auUtva4  ma. 


'  ».  1114  4iraal  tkal  Ika  aama  aiiall 
t  '  «kll4tan  af  ika  laaalaa.  an4  Uu 
IW  Uf  tkiMfan  ai  iba laaalaa,  Ikan 


Havtaa  ma 


jra  tn  Uaa  Paaom,  •>■»  Ra«aaanin 
1)1  AmrTHaa 


I  atva  aa4  4a«laa  all  mf  raal  aMala,  af  wkai  na. 
lu«<  ar  kln4  aaavar,  l«  my  *«lta,  w.  0.  i*r  ,a  mi 
t'UiMi,  r  r  ),  la  ba  Haa4  an4  •alaya4  by  bar  k* 
•■  —  ■  4arlMt  Mm  tarm  af  bar  irr  M«)  nalaral  Mlb 


K4 

an4  'rr( 
•  aaaa 
D.hia 


kl.)4«. 

l|tiaM4,#. 


'fM  aa7lMMa4iataly  ahar  bar  if 
I  gtva  aa4  4a«:aa  ika  aama  ta  My  bn 
»  haira  aa4  aaaigna,  Mravar. 

RMiaaa  o*  Ear«fa-  Vnm  Taear,  bi< 
I  plva  aN  tba  raat  aa4  raaMua  af  my  paraaaal 
iiaia,  arbtab  akaU  ranaain  altar  aaymani  a(  my 
ibta  aa4  Atnaralaafaiiaaa,aalallia  •al4  —  an4 


4abta 


— ,  tbatr  aaaaatata,  aM. ,  aaaa  an4  Imt 
>*».,  baralaaflar  Manilaamf  (ihai  la  lu  » 
Uaao  traai  tbat  ibay.  iba  afM  —  a 
Ika  larvivar,  ale. .  4a  ini 


Ika  traata, 
uyi 

aaM  —  aa4 ,  ar 

til,  aa  aaaa  aftar  my 
aa  aaavaalantly  May  ba.  witk  iha  tan 
aant  aa4  a^  arabaMaa  afM*  aaM  4aitalilar  4Hrlng 
bar  tUtf  aM  aflar  bar  4naib,  iban  ar  ika  fraaar 
aaib^rify  af  tba  aaM  traaiaa  ar  onataaa  Kar  tba 


48«< 


HMabMbf.layataM 
raaMaa  af  «Mr  yataaaal 
laMa  aM  taaataanta  a* 


lavaat  aU  iha  aaM  raM  aM 

aatata  la  iha  yarakaaa  af 

nta  aiiaata,  lylna.  aM  balng  la 

Niaay  aM  aatlla  ika  aaM  Un4a  iM 

aa  ta  ba  ^rabaaM  aa  afaraaaM,  ar 


MiMMaaM,  aa  ta  ba  yaral 
aaaaa  aM  praaara  tba  aaMa  la  ba  aanvayM  a«4 
aattIM,  M  a«afc  aaaa,  aM  fbr  a««b  aniaiaa,  aa4 
wItb  aM  aabliii  la  aiiab  aawara  aM  yr a«laaa,  aa 
ara  baralabaMra  MmHM,  «raata4,  aM  aayraaaarf. 
af  aaf  aMMarMng  tba  aaM  aiaaawagaa,  ata.,  wklak 
ara  aUvMa,  hriaaC  aM  balng  la  iba  yanab  af  A. 
■  lirnaM  (Mkar  iban  aM  aacayi  iha  tiiaia*  br  life 
hafulabafcra  glvan,  ar  H«)lir4  M  aiy  mI4  wUh  an4  ten 
tutnmt'ttty, an4  iha  afcraaat4  Mrmaf  niaaly-nlnayMiH. 
aM  Aa  tnim  iharaof ).  ar  aa  aaar  ibaraM  aa  tba 

lib  af  piinaa.  aM  albar  alraaMauaaaa,  will 

aaarMU. 

•mi,  la  I 


laaatlaaa,  and  aalN  tba  aaM  raat 
aM  abalirr^m  Mnia  laHMa,  la* 


lyparaaaal  aalaia  aball  ba 


purckaaa  ar  i 


^Maqr 


af  1m  ant  Mm  aama,  ar  aacb  aart  ar  yarta 
r  aa  la  ar  tiwy  abaH  thiab  it,  la  iJia  yabUa 
ar  Ibaia,  ar  a«  raai  aaaiirHlaa  ai  Mtaraat, 


wM 


aaMraai 
af  Mm 


an4  I  4a  baraby  4Uaat.  tbat  aH 
aiMa,  and  aMMMi  pnttwtm  af  tba 
raaMaa  of  my  yaraanal  aatata,  aM 
af  tba  aiaaba.  AhMb,  and  taaurlttaa.  wbaraia  ar 
ajwa  wMab  Mm  aama  ar  any  ggrt  tbariaf  bi  ar 
abaN  ba  tavaalM  ar  ylaaM,  aball  baiaag  aM  ba 
yai4  wM  payabia  ta  aaab  yaraaa  »  t»4raa«a  aa 
wouM.far  tba  tiaaa  balng,  ha  aaMllau  ^o  tba  raaia 
aM  araMa  af  Mm  biMa  «M  lanamaaM  ta  ta  ba 
inaaM  aa  albraa>i<),  la  !;«aa  tha  aaMa  wara 
»iw«baaa4  a.d  aaluM  aa  haralabaibra  la 


aataal 

41rac 


*i!^.' 


I  itva.  aM.,  anta 
baM  aM  aaMgaa 


BrHooi  oa  Cni>  laa. 


tba  aaM  M.  A.,  and  to  kla 


tMa  Mirtal  triat  aM  caaftdaaaa,  aavarthalaaa, 
that  ba.  Mm  aiM  M.  A..  aM  Ma  baira,  abaN,  fraro 
tlMata  MMa,aM  ai  all  MaMa  baraafur,|wimtt 

aM  aaMr  tha  Jtractara  (ar  mNiaa*)  af acbaal 

..IbrMMtli      " 


aiiaa.aa4MrWiMttataaf.wbMi  I 

falat,ahidL Imm  MMa  to  Mm, aM  at tSTvtmS* 
karaanar.  ba  aaM  aM  f»»wti  firiuM  w«rar«a 
tba  nMtatfaa^a  aM  a4^aM«N  af  ■jMira^MMar 


aaMara  Ipraav,  to  raaalva  tM  Mka  tba  raata.  I» 

'  '   '   ~^  aat  aM  up- 
atM  Mm«i 


aftba 


ilaff  aafcaa  t 

aaiaaaiMal 


{»r 


fciiiiiUMiMwk  iwi.  *mwi 


I  4*  h«««lMf  <««••«,  ili«l 
l*tat«««  ••  llila,  imf  wdl, 
H«.  l>i«n  «k«  M>4  MvMMa 
ls|M*.  kul  in  til*  ••••  •( 
»n4  |M>*MM  ••  •hall  im 
•MN  tak«  M  itM  4avi«M 
ih  4«««Ma  h«4  •«f*iir*4 
I  (AM  •#  a  %«4«aa«  •<  par 
Iwaal  %tf%  th*  «ama  an** 
raa  af  Uia  taaalaa.  aM  tof 
!»••  af  Ik*  laaaMa.  «M« 
Mtaiaa  la  ika  taai*  aiaa- 

JaU  tfv  lakaa  W  aiiali 
•uiu«a4  aia, 

I  PaawiM,  *n«  RMHWMia 
•'fMaa 

y  »*•!  aawta,  af  wkai  aa< 
Ny-«l«i,  W  ii  )«>■  ••  am 
I  fa4  aaiajradl  k«  M*  i#' 
r  l»ar  (fr  hfa)  aaiwal  Mik  i 
•n«f  Ma?  If  ki«)4a. 
I  aiyfirMa^.  ^. 


IMaai 

I,  Mf» 


K  Ur«a  Tauar,  at. 
I  raaMua  at  mjr  pataaaal 
Ma  allar  Mrvnaa*  •'  a>r 
taa,  aaia  u»a  m44  — --  aa4 
.  aaaa  an4  (a*  iha  iraala, 
•M  (thai  laiu  ufi 

iM  aaM aa4 ,  a* 

d  afcaii,  aa  mor  aftat  mf 
t  aiay  Im.  with  ilia  aaa- 
MvaaM  MMfliia*  4«rln| 
aaik,  ikaa  af  iha  fvafar 
Ma«aa  ar  oaattaa  fa*  Ika 
Bvaat  aU  iha  aaM  raal  aad 
MlaM  la  tha  i^artliaaa  a' 
laata,  hrtwfl,  aa4  Mnf  la 
Hda  tka  aaM  Un4«  aa4 
r«liaaa4  aa  afaraaaM,  ar 
Mia  M  ka  aanva»a4  aa4 
*4  tat  aiMli  aataiaa,  aa4 
I  aawara  an4  iMovlaaa,  aa 
,  traalaA,  an4  a«»Taan<, 
Nl  aMMiMf  aa,  aM.,  whlah 
at«c  la  tRa  ptMt  af  A. 
aicapi  lit*  «Main  fcr  llw 
r4  M  aiy  Mtia  wMi  aad  mm 
>4  Mrm  of  alaaiy^nlna  yvai*. 
r  aa  naa»  ilMraM  aa  iM 


Ikar  ttlratt«*Ua«aa, 


•aiM  Ika 


m  Iha 

I,  WW 

inia  HH 


.  anri 

iaal 

»  purakaaa  ar  aaaakaaaa 

III  rr4»m  Miaa  M  HRia,  la- 

na.  ar  aNck  aart  at  p»tu 

atklah  it,  la  tka  MiWia 
•aaMfMiaa  at  lataaaat, 

la  haraky  «raa|,  tkal  aU 
r»i  aiiMMl  yra4ii«aaf  tka 

ntf  faraanal  aatala,  aad 
)4  Mtwlttaa.  wbarain  af 
a  any  p*r«  Ikwuf  la  at 
aa4,  akall  kataag  and  ka 
ik  fr»»m  «  iHtaana  aa 
I,  ha  aalllil*.  .o  tka  ranta 
»ni  laaantaata  aa  M  ka 

In  !.«aa  tha  tama  wara 
Miti«4  aa  baraUbalMa  la 

I  Ontiaa* 

aaM  M.  K.,  ««4  ta  kit 
't,  an  tkat,  ate,  U^tt 
waftdaaaa,  aavtrtkataaa, 
lad  Ma  kaira,  akaN,  Aram 

UaMa  karaaflw,  iwtmit 
<«•  imaiaas)  af a^baal 


t  kakM,  m4  tkair 
«  M  tAia  tka  ratHia.  l» 
,  wklali  t  Mraat  m4  ••• 
•  ttMaiMtf  MMMtii 

paatlM  •tmwmm  aakalar 


aWVEV^NCl 


Mill  tatk  ••halat  •►all  ka  Haih.ior  -t  /t»ta,  at 
•latlatf  f  tllow  •!  ih»  I...M**  ,  a>.4  «!«•«  la  anal»*»» 
aatialat   «•   k«    •U<t»4  an4   •)t«aa«,  whick 


Mkalaf  •hall,  fram     im*  i*  lim*.  ka  n«niln«««a. 

•  I«l«4l.  »n4  (kaaan  by  |M  <<ua««afa  •■.tr  hchum) 
u(  lfc«  aaU  •Mlltga. 

t>««>u  J..  1ai<i«a.  |h  aiwi  «  l.ina,  itn  |,|VR» 
I  (i«a,  ka<|u«aih  an4  litoiaa  all  mir  raal  M4i  b«- 
•anal  taial*,  >-r  wNai  <>«ti«ia  ar  klai  •aavaf.l*  1 
X  *n4  1  M  ,  Ika  •••><  iiati  af  ihta,  nty  Iaal  will 
anrf  uaiainani,  k«t«lii>ri<r  namlnai«4  aiKl  ap- 
painf4.  In  liwal.  (af  ih«  ixynxni  ul  my  lull 
<l<ki«,  *n4  lh«  l«aa«l«a  •n4  tl\«i|.«  upon  ih*  iaM 
t  lUia  karatnanar  aaai>A«d.  tn  ka  MM  tn^  paa- 
a  »—4  kv  tham,  for  iha  pu>p«a«a  afef«a«i4,  tar  ana 
ailing  Ika  nalural  Ufa  af  r   M     uf  iha  lawn  af 

•  .  a«4  tlala  af  ~  ant*  fur  and  4url«w|  Ika 
natural  Htaaf  i.  M.,  Infant  »un  afiha  aairfr  kl., 
•n4  aftet  llMIr  4——»»,  and  tha  d««aaaa  af  «»«h 
af  Ibam, 

I  giva.kaaiiaaik.and  davlaa  my  a<4ld  tttaia  la 
my  ••«,  •.  ■,,  Ma  katra  and  aaaigiuti  Kni  I  da 
haraby  atdai  and  diraat.  ikal  durina  h*  tantuiu- 
ana*  af  Ika  aald  Irual  ••lata,  »•  aln^  .aid,  Ihara 
•hall  ka  f  nnaally  aald  aul  af  lb«  'lat     .uinta  aa4 


dua,  and  ramaindar  of  Iha  aaM  nal  In.  m*  and 
prakla  akall  ba  divldad  actually  batwati  tv  aaid 
•  aaauiara,  In  lla-i  af  eenaanaallen  for  ■.  5lr  »ar- 
vlaaa  la  tka  aaaautlaa  af  tha  aaM  itual. 

cfiif  (iidi  T«  wnrmtn  wii,i «. 

bM      '■loua  t.L*i>aaa,  an  ,  an   .  aiMve 

C-4Mll«<U  t«  Wlll-«*«i«ral  r«irt»» 

I. .  o     — ,  a  — ,  da  maka  thia,  my  c-^lcU, 

harak*  aan  >rmlafl  mf  laat  will,  mada  aa  lh>     - 

day  af ,  and  all  my  farmar  codlalla  i/M. 

,t*i,\.  aa  fat  aathia  aadlall  la «analatani  lkara< 
aad  d*  karaky  (<m/«  imUo. 

C%«l«ll  ••  WII|-«Jait«>r«i|  r«rM. 

AMHUmml  l.t/mtlft  6'>W« 

Wkaraaa  I.  A.  •..  of  — ,  hava  mada  and  •     ly 
aiaculad  my  laat  will  an4  laalamanl.  In  wrii. 
baailnf  data, au.    Maw,  I  da  haraby  daalara  i     < 
praaant  wriliag  la  ba  a  cadicll  lo  my  aald  w 
and  diraal  tha  aama  la  ba  aanaaad  ihatata  a.   i 
tabaa  aa  aatt  tkaraa/ 1 

Aad  I  da  hataby  gtva,  ka<|tMalh,  ata. 

la  wttaaaa,  ata. 

<^Ml(«tl  t«  WIII-Cl«N«n»l  r«tiai. 

Wkaraaa  I,  A.  ■.,af — ,  hava  mada,  pubiiahau 
and  daalarad  my  laat  will  and  uatamaal,  m  writ 
liiM,  datad,  ata. 

Pfaw  I,  tha  aald  A.  ■.,  da  by  tkia  praaant  aadi 
til.  ta  my  laat  will  aad  laauaiaalaenaaad.  tan- 
Arm  aad  ratiO'  my  aaM  laat  will  aad  taaiamanl, 
and  avarv  alauaaika^tiaai,  and  davlaa  th«raiB  aaa- 
laluad,  ate. 

rMllall  «•  Wlll-««adrir«l  r«nH. 

I,  A.  B.,  af  — ,  havtaff  mada  my  laat  v  Ul  and 

taatamani,  kaarlna  data  Iha day  of ,  do 

aow  maka  tkIa  cadlail,  ta  ka  tabaa  aa  a  part  af 
tka  aaaaa  i 

rirti.  I  da  haraky  ratify  aad  canArm  aald  win 
In  avaiv  raaaact.  aacapt  aa  far  aa  any  part  af  it  la 
laaanaMaat  wMi  «kia  aadlail. 

SfHul.  Bta.  {mddiitg  arw  trmitiamti  rnMnf 
»ft^>Umimt  tf  Mtttmlar I  nttUtmUms  m»»thtr  ttn^ 

nWtr.-  mmUmgtuUtlltmmtttfmtttttlt  ,tH.) 

la  wttaaaa  wkaraaf,  ata.  (at  tm  /trm  ^  w4ll, 
a^taa). 

CMIMI  f  WIII-«Mi*Mil  Vmm, 

I,  A  8.,  tha  witkln-Mmad  taatator,  do  beraky 
maka  and  publlab  thIa  aadlail,  ta  ba  addad  ta  my 
kut  wilt  and  taatantaat  In  aiaaaar  follawlag,  ta 
wit !  " 


I  giva  aad  ba^tMMtk,  thie. 
And  wkaraaa,  la  my  aald 
ba)|uaa<had  anta  my  aaa.l'. 


Iha  aunt  of  »tm  km 


win,  I  hava  glvati  and 

,  (who  !■  alncc  dacaaacd), 
Uara,  ta  ba  paid  ta  Mm 


afa  manlba  aAa*  ii 
tkal  my  will  i«,  %u. 
daaightar,  M  .  tm»"«" 

t^M  laatly.  II  i«  <>, 
nty  praaani  liu^Kii,  i 
patl  af  my  klat  will  a.t. 

la  witaaaa,  mtt . 


I  da  karaky  daalara 

•^a  ba  paid  uala  my 
'<a«m«dtaa»aa. 
.•^  iitoM,  tHat  ikia, 
oatf  (a  «|M  mada  a 

•amant  '**i*%»U^ 


«"•«,.  II  Ml  WMI~«.     -»»tll  fWtN 
TkH  la  a  atMttN.  ka  ba  •    **■*  i«  aad  Mkan  »» 

lattof  tka  hMt  Wllf   and  •*••         'M  nl  ma.  A,  ■. , 


wharaky 
II    anialnad. 

•"*  .  at«  .  ail'' 
IM,  and  '< 
.U.,l' 


"(Mar. 


whuh  uaari  data 
I  da  ravalia  iKa  d* 
ta  my  aan,  ■    ul  all 
'.antaiaing  o,  *  huim 
glvaand  diivi.    ika  •. 
naira  and  aa'  <,  <>«  futt 

I  glva  anil      '<)  .tall' 
•f  tka  aald        m  ili*  ., 
lara  i  and  d>     nabyrai 
Will  In  all  Atl<«<  •#ap*>  u 

In  wltnaaa  wharaaf,  I  h*v«  lla»aua||>  aa«  mm 

>w»M  aad  aaal,  tkIa  —  di^  «'    — »,  A.  D. . 

A.  •- 

•ignad,  aaalad.  auktlahi 
aald  A.  H  aa  and  i<ii  «  >.ai 
laalamanl,  In  iha  |,i<*ar 
piaaanca,  and  In  tha  p(a»« 
al  hi*  rariv  rat,  auboailbt'' 
Iharalo. 


•4  an- 


1  ,  lo  ,i«u 
uaanil  dal< 
M  a*y  aaM 


dMtatad  ky  Iha 

■  klaiiMwifl 


nd 


aa.  taka  In  hia 


aakar,  nava, 
Mavltnamaa 


M.S. 
ni  r<ia>m. 

ikt  faft  ^a 
tttmtrJ  if  Ikt 


lani  of  m»,  A. 

day  «f  —I 

•  — >in«tdT. 

jra  fhara- 

.(It  i^ktldrta 


riMllall  tm  Wlll-«i«^. 

l^'ftHi    llf'iM  itmj  Mtnm 

Codicil  la  Iht  laat  will  and  !••> 
■.,  of  — ,  whli  <\  baara  data  ih» 

Wharaaa.  ky      y  aald  will  I  ' 
X,  lo  ba  ona  ol       •  triMlaaa  •> 
af  tami  ako  unf.         iIim  ^itiarUlatia  >> 
■ftar  ika  davaaar     i  my  oir*)  t 

And  wkaraaa  iha  .  jld  T.  X.  kM*i«lMaly  diad, 
I  am  'Jaalrotia  tkat  K  P.,  af  — ~.  «'c>adl  ka  aubitl- 
tulad  aa  a  Irualaa  and  aaacutnr  aald  will 

{and  a  guardian   of  my  Inlbni  chlUIr,  Ua  plaaa 

Of  Iha  aaM  T.  X. ,  dacaaaad. 

I  da  karaky  daalara  that  my  aald  w.  •hall  ka 
tonalruad  and  taha  alhat  aa  If  tha  na  of  tka 
aald  B.  W.  wara  inaattad  la  my  aald  wli  4u«k> 
out  Inataad  af  tka  nama  af  tka  aald  T     . 

And  la  all  atkar  taapaata  I  da  aoallrm  my  mM 

'"in 


CMllaU  «•  Wlil-CMMMU  r«r«ii. 

XttwiMr  Sentrml  Ltgmhi. 

Wkataaa  I,  A.  ■.,  af ,  kava  by  my  laat  will 

and  taatamani  la  writing,  daly  aaacul4d,  ktarina 
data,  ate.,  givaa  and  baquaaikad  ta,  au. 

Now,  I,  Ika  aaM  A.  •.,  kainc  daalraiu  af  altar< 
Ing  my  aaM  wUf  M  raopaat  ta  tka  aaM  lacaclaa. 
da  iharafora  maba  thia  praaant  writing,  which  ( 
will  and  dttoci  ta  ka  anaaaad  aa  a  codicil  to  my 
•aid  will,  aad  taban  aa  part  tkaraof:  and  I  do 
haraky  ravoka  tka  aald  logaalaa  by  my  aald  will 
ii«aa  to  — ,  aad  I  da  giva  ta  aack  af  tham  iha 

•aid  ,  and .  Ika  Mm  af dollara  only  j 

*nd  I  giva  unu  — -,  taa..  Ota. 

And  I  da  ratify  aad  caiUIrm  my  aald  wilt  In 
xaryikina,  aaoapt  wkora  tka  aana  la  baraby  ra- 

>kad  and  attarad  aa  afaraaaM. 

la  wltnaaa,  ata. 

C«4l«tl  <•  WIII-«MMMl  r*nM. 

liuUrtd  Vf—  tkt  $tk  «r  a  mil. 

,  tka  wWhla-oaatad  J,  H., af ,  da  maka  thIa 

prvtont  (adicil.  wkMi  I  aniar  and  dirtct  ahail  ba 
Ubaa  oa  aad  far  part  af  my  witbln-wrlltan  Iaal 
win  and  taatamaat,  and  which  will  aa  ta  all  and 
ovary  tka  aoaa.  Hmilatian*  truaw,  gifta,  condl- 
tlona,  laaacloa,  ktl^uaata, ditr  ctlona,  and  appoint- 
mania,  tkaraln  aBantionad.  doyiaad.  givan  and 
cantainad,  af  and  cancamin;  my  raal  and  par- 
canal  aataiaa  tbarain  mantloi>-  i,  I  do,  ky  tkia  my 
codUil,  aaubliah,  ratify,  and  cunfkrm  (k*v  ami  ci- 
ctpl  aiitk  davikaa,  taa»,  dlnwalilona,  and  b«|uaMi 
ihcrain  aiaatloaod,  aa  art  by  aM  bardaaiiar  ravvkad 
and  mada  voM). 

atoaa  Hm  MCktiif  af  Biy  MM  Win,  nil 


.1 


-III 


h'^ 


'U 


■i?. 


J96 


CONVEYANCES. 


•MMt  Min  8.,  la  dMd,  havliif  Itft  Iwa*  ■  thini 
•on,  nainad  O. ,  new  llvinc,  and  tha  wlthtn-naroad 
N.  (a  alao  daadi  Now  Iliarabyclva  and  davlaa 
all,  ate.,  unto  lay  aald  grandioa,  O.  8.,  au. 

CMll«ll  «•  Will— ««iier»l  rmwm. 

Rrppcitlun. 

Whtraaa  I,  A.  B.,of ,  hava  mada  my  laat 

will  and  uatamant  In  writing,  baarioc  data,  ate, 
and  hava  tharaby  mada,  ordalnad,  conatltutad 
and  appoinud,  my  brothar-in-law,  B.  L.,  and  my 
couain,  C.  N.,  aaacutora  of  my  aalid  will  i 

Now  I  do  by  thia  my  writing  (which  I  decUra  to 
b«  It  codicil  to  ray  uld  will,  aod  diraet  to  b«  taken  ■« 
part  >h«r«of )  will  and  diract  that  my  aald  brothar- 
ln>law,  B.  L.,  ahall  not  ba  an  asacutor  of  my  aald 
will,  and  do  haraby  ravoka  my  appolntmant  of 
bim  aa  aueh ;  but  that  in  hia  room  and  ataad  my 

couain.  C.  N.,  of ,  uhall  ba  ona  of  tha  axacu- 

tora  of  my  aaid  wiU,  JoinUy  and  tocathar  with 
my  aaid  couain,  C.  N. 

And  t  do  haraby  accordlnfly  maka,  ordain, 
conatituta,  and  appoint  tbsm,  tha  aald  B.  L.  and 
C.  N.,  Joint  and  aola  avacutora  of  my  aald  will, 
aa  fully  and  affaetually,  to  all  intanta  and  pur- 
poaa«,  ahd  In  all  raapacu,  aa  if  thay  only  and  no 
othar  paraon  or  paraona  had  baan  by  ma  origin- 
allv,  in  and  by  my  aaid  will,  conatltutad  and  ap. 
pointad  aiacutora  tharaof.  ate. 

In  witneaa  wharaof,  I,  tha  aald  A.  B.,  hava  thia 

day  of  —  htraunto  aat  my  hand  (nod  hhI) 

unto  thU.  which  I  daetarc  to  ba  a  codlell,  and  da- 
aira  the  aama  added  to  my  last  will  and  taau- 
ment  aforeaaid. 

Signed,  ate. 

CMIleU  t*  will— ««n«r»l  Wwm. 

RtUifictUitn,  *U. 

Thia  la  a  codieN  to  be  added  to  the  laat  will  and 

teatament  of  ma,  A.  B.,  of ,  which  will  beara 

date  on  or  about,  ate. 

Firat,  I  do  hereby  ratify  and  eonltrm  my  aaid 
will  in  alt  raapacu,  aave  ao  far  aa  any  part  there- 
of i^aU  be  revoked  or  altered  by  thia  preaant 
codicil,  and  in  particular,  aava  aa  Mr  aa  the  aama 
ralataa  to  tha  diapoeition  thereby  mada  of  my 
reaiduary  pereonal  eaute.  In  favor  of  my  aldeet 
eon,  8.,  aa  to  which  particular  I  do  hereby  re- 
voke and  alter  my  eaid  will : 

And  all  the  reat  and  reeidue  of  my  peraenal 
eaute  and  alTecU,  by  my  aaid  will  given  and  be- 
queathed unto  my  aaid  eon,  8.,  I  do  hereby  give 
and  beoueath  unto.  etc. 

And  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  ray  brother.  B. 
B..  the  aum  of,  etc.,  etc. 

And  I  da  hereby  revoke  alt  former  and  other 
cedicila  by  me  at  any  time  heretofore  made. 

In  witneaa  whereof,  to  thie  preaant  writing, 
whieb  I  hereby  declare  to  be  a  codicil  to  my  laat 
will  and  teauraent,  and  which  I  direct  to  Im 
added  thereto,  and  to  be  taken  aa  part  thereof,  I 

hava  aat  ray  hand  and  aaat  tiiia day  of 

ih  the  jrear  — .  -w  , 

Mgned,  aeatad.  pubUahed.  and  daetarmi  by  the 
aaid^A.  B. .  aa  and  for  a  codicil  to  hia  laat  will  and 
teauraent.  and  to  be  Ukan  aa  part  thereof,  in  the 
preeence  or  three  eaverat  paraona,  wlioae  namea 
are  hereunder  eubacribed  aa  wItDeaaaa  to  the 
eignlng,  aaaling,  and  publiahing  the  aane,  which 
aald  three  peraona  did  ao  hereunder  eubecribe 
their  namea  at  the  requeat  and  in  the  preaence 
of  the  aald  A.  B.,  aad  in  tha  preaence  of  each 
•tlier.  w.  I. 

T.N. 
B.8. 

ONwmirnsiiLTBBBAi.,  OB  mjsfcc- 

VjiwHMmi  MP  T«rfc»l  Wlll-MMa«nin. 

i..The  will  of  A.  B.,  of ,  made  and  declared 

by  bim  on  — — .  in  the  preeence  of  4ie,  who  have 

hereunto  aubacribed   our  namee  aa  witneaaea 

hereto.  ••  My  wiU  te,"  etc.  {rtaUne  <**  ^try  twnft). 

Amtlktr. 

A.  B..  hJa  win  by  word  of  mouth,  made  and  dc^ 
clared  by  bin,  on  the day  of ,  in  the  prea- 
ence of  ua.  whb  have  hereunto  aubacribad  our 
Mmea  ••  wttaaaaaa  hereta :  My  wlU  to  thftt.  etc. 


Ainiktv 

Memorandum!  That  on  the day  of ,A 

o. ,  A,  B.,  of,  etc.,  being  aick,  of  the  alckneea 

whereof  he  died  on  the  eame  dey  (or  on  or  about 

•h* d»y  of following,  »i  tin  €»4t  mt»f  <#),  at 

hiedwalllng-houae  in,  etc.  («r  at ,  when  he  had 

be«n  for  hlsheallh  and  wm  uken  •uddanly  III),  did 
make  and  declare  hia  last  will  and  teatament, 
nuncupative,  in  theae  or  the  li!ia  worde  following, 
that  la  to  aay  i  ••  I  give,"  etc. 

Theae  worda,or  fo  the  like  effect,  the  aald  A.  B. 
declered  in  the  preaence  of  the  aubaerlbera,  with 
Inuntion  that  tha  aama  ahould  be  hia  laat  will 
and  teeument,  whereof  he  dealred  them,  or 
•oroc  of  them,  to  tiear  witneaa. 

Anatktr. 

Nuncupative  will  of  A.  B.,  deceaaed : 

On  the day  of ,  A.  D. ,  A.  B..  being 

in  the  eatremity  in  hie  laat  aickneee,  in  hie  habi- 
tation or  dwelling,  aituated  in atreat,  in , 

where  he  had  realdad  for  moia  than  ten  dayanaat 
before  the  making  of  hia  will  (<w  at  ihu  rctldcnee  or 

dwelling  of  A.  B.,  iiiuated  In strmi,  No. ,  la 

- — ,  wh»re  Mid  A.  B.  wu  lurpritcd  by  •Icknem,  being 

from  his  own  houu  In ,  and  died  before  reluming 

thereto ;  «r  on  board  the  ahip ,  uld  A.  B.  being  a 

mariner  ct  tea ;  #r  at ,  Mid  A.  B.  being  «  noldler  In 

actual  mlllury  Mrvioa),  in  the  preaence  of  the  eub- 
eeribere,  did  declare  hie  laat  will  and  taeUment 
in  the  following  worde,  or  to  that  alTect,  via.  t 

"  He  mentioned  that  ha  had  about hundred 

dollara  in  tha 8avinga  Fund,  and hun- 
dred dollare  in  the  handaof  E.  F.'' 

He  then  aaid  that "  I  want  B.  F.  to  act  aa  tniatee 
and  aaeeulor  and  put  it  out  at  intareet  for  the  aola 
uae  of  my  mother  during  her  life,  and.  after  her 
death,  to  go  to  her  children.  My  houeehold  goode 
and  othar  property  I  wiah  to  ba  left  in  my  motner'e 
poaaeeeion  for  her  eole  uae." 

At  the  time  the  aald  A.  B.  pronounced  the  fore- 
going will  he  waa  of  aound  and  diapoainK  mind, 
memory,  and  undereUnding,  and  did  bid  ua.who 
were  preeent,  to  bear  witneaa  ttutt  auch  waa  hia 
will. 

Reduced  to  writing,  thia day  of ,  A.  D. 

.  W.  T. 

N.  8. 

Vawrltton  er  TcrkMl  Will— AMMavlt 

•r  witHww««. 

8ute     — ,  county  of ,  aa. 

Pereonally  appeared  before  me.  the  underalgnad, 
W.  T.  and  N.  8.,  who,  being  duly  ewom  (#r  af- 
Armed),  according  to  law,  did  depoee  and  aay,  that 

they  were  preeent,  on  the day  of ,  at  the 

hablUtion  or  dwalting  of  A.  B.  (eiiuated  in 

street.  In ,  <w  ttktm>ut,  tu  Ikr  tat*  me*  it),  to  tha 

time  of  hia  laat  lllneaa,  and  did  then  and  there 
hear  tha  aaid  A.  B.  utur  what  la  contained  In  the 
above  writing ;  that  h»  did  bid  them  bear  wit- 
neaa that  it  waa  hia  laat  will :  and  that  at  the  time 
of  ao  doing  he  waa  of  aound  mind,  memory,  and 
underauoding,  to  tha  beat  of  their  knowledge 
and  belief. 

( JUMragrmth  ftlttmlnr  ih»uU  it  tmUttd  Im  Iht 
etu*  Y^a  mmrintr  er  labBtr  tr  /rrwa  dfing/rtift 

Alao',  that  ha  had  reeided  for  more  than  tea 
daya,  next  befbra  the  making  of  hia  wilt,  at  the 
above  roaidoace.  w.  T. 

-_        ,       -       .  *•••• 

Sworn  («r  affirmed)  and  aubacribad  before  ma, 
thia  — «.  day  of      ... 

(PrtbtOi  tfgSctr't  lignaturt  and  tUb.) 

C*avl«t.  See  CaiMiNAi  Law. 
OiBVl«U*a.  See  CaiMiNAL  Law. 
C^m'wmir'  Sk:  MARrriiia  Law.  ^ 

r«i4»bnitc*r.  Sec  CoNTVAcn. 
V—\  Blood.  Seo  Criminal  Law. 
€oolt«ar  inm*.  Sec  Cwminal  Law. 
V9pmtt9»»mwt-  See  EsTA-m 
CoporoBOOl-o.  Sec  DaicaNT. 
<^|Nir*lMr.  See  PAannnuiHiK 
CoportnoMklp.  See  PAannnisiap. 
Vopjr.  See  Eviimihcb. 
Co|»]rkoM.  See  EarATis. 
GopjrlMMor.  See  larAnt. 


"*****««*  Aie.i>^AiJ*M*«*F,«a--"i''.>«Wi4^i«^<«*^M<..4.Afet)*W#'«« 


l^'Jft4JAifKi«UMMll0MtUi 


n  th« day  of ,  A. 

ing  tick,  of  ina  tlclinMa 
■mt  day  (or  on  or  about 
I,  mt  Ik*  €tut  m»f  Ar),  at 

;.  (#r  *l ,  wh*r«  he  had 

»  taken  suddenly  ill),  did 
\%X  will  and  tiatamant, 
ha  U!ta  worda  followlnc, 
ite. 

Ikaaffact.thaaaid  A.  U. 
>r  tha  aubaaribara,  with 
ahould  b«  hla  laat  will 
f  ha  daairad  tham,  or 
toaaa. 

t/r. 

B.,dacaaaad: 

A.  D. .  A.  B.,bainf 

It  alchnaaa,  In  hla  habi* 

td  In atraat,  In , 

moia  than  tan  dayanaat 
will  («r  at  thu  miifcnca  or 

in iireat,  No. ,  la 

urpriud  by  alcknen,  being 
and  died  Mfon  reluming 

Ip ,  said  A.  B.  being  a 

■id  A.  B.  being  a  ooldiar  In 
ba  praaanca  of  tha  aub- 
laat  will  and  taaumaat 
r  to  that  affact,  via.  i 

had  about  —  hundrad 
|a  Fund,  and  —  hua- 
ofE.F.*' 

nt  B.  P.  to  act  aa  tniataa 
It  at  Intaraat  for  tha  aola 

her  Ufa,  and,  aftar  bar 
1.  My  houaahold  gooda 
to  ba  laft  in  my  motnar'a 
1." 

B.  pronouncad  tha  for*- 
Id  and  diaposinK  mind, 
ng,  and  did  bid  ua,  who 
tnaaa  that  auch  waa  hla 

la  —  day  of ,A.  D. 

W.  T. 
N.  8. 

•1  Will— ABMsvlt 


>ra  ma,  tha  undaraigoad, 
aing  duly  awom  (*r  af- 
lld  dasoaa  and  aay,  that 

I -—  Jay  of •.  at  tha 

if  A.  B.  (lituated  In 

u  tkt  out  amy  it),  In  tha 
nd  did  then  and  thara 
vhat  la  contalnad  In  tha 
lid  bid  tham  baar  wit- 
lU :  and  that  at  tha  tima 
lod  mind,  mamory,and 
at  of  thair  knowiadgo 

'  ikMld  tt  »mUt*4im  tha 
'tr  ar  f*rt»H  tlfhif  frtift 

lad  for  mora  than  tea 
king  of  hla  will,  at  the 

W.T. 

N.a. 
aubaeribad  before  ma, 

T>i  titmUmrt  and  ttilt.) 

Law. 

iNAL  Law. 
I  Law,  "t 

»ACT!J. 

iNAL  Law. 
UMiNAL  Law. 

TATW. 


rmaHii'. 
PAimiaaHnr. 

IS. 


COPYRIGHT. 


$19 


COWWa^MT,  See  AMmunraimj  CowraACTi. 

■re. 

CoPYHiaHT  U  the  tola  liberty  of  printing, 
reprinling,  publbhing,  completing,  copying,  ex- 
ecuting, Hniihing,  and  vending  any  original 
Ixmli,  nap,  chart,  dramatic  or  musical  compo- 
tilion,  engntving,  cut,  print,  photograph  or 
negiuive  thereof,  or  of  a  painting,  drawing, 
chromo,  itatue,  Matuary,  and  of  model*  or  de- 
•igni  intended  to  be  Mrfected  aa  worici  of  the 
line  arts,  upon  complying  with  the  proviiioni 
of  the  law  of  copyright ;  and  in  caie  of  a  dra- 
matic compotiiion  of  publicly  performing  or 
repretenting  it,  or  cauaing  it  to  be  performed  or 
represented  by  other*.  Also,  tha  right  to  drama- 
lite  or  translate  one's  own  work.* 

Copyright  ii  not  of  a  simple,  but  a  complex 
nature,  involving  two  conditions  i  one  of  pub- 
lication, the  other  of  exclusion.* 

Statutes  of  copyright  do  not  grant  monopo- 
lies ;  they  are  only  protective  wTslation  again<it 
trespan  on  the  rights  of  authors.  Not  that 
writers  ib-e  a  more  important  body  than  many 
others,  but  because  it  give*  the  State  more 
trouble  to  keep  thieve*  ofl  their  productions 
than  of  those  oi  other  skilled  la1)orers,  and  also 
because  it  needs  superior  intelligence  to  see 
that  ideas  and  woven  words  can  be  made  prop- 
erty, and  that  they  must  be,  or  else  their  authors 
outlawed,  degraded,  and  starved,  and  the  com- 
munity suffer  in  the  end.* 

In  order  to  acquire  a  valid  copyright  in  a 
work  it  is  necessary  that  it  should  be  original. 
If  any  part  of  the  composition  is  copied  or 
adopted  by  the  writer  from  a  prior  existing 
work,  of  Goune  the  title  fails  with  respect  to 
this,  as  the  •writer  cannot  be  the  author  of  what 
he  has  adopted  from  another.*  The  law  does 
not  require  that  the  subject  of  a  book  should 
be  new,  but  that  the  method  of  treating  should 
have  some  degree  of  originality.  Copyright 
may  exist  in  a  novel  arrangement,  as  well  as  in 
recent  correctians  and  additions  to  aa  old  work 
not  the  property  of  the  compiler.* 

The  law  rests  upon  no  code  of  comparative  crit- 
icism. It  protecU  alike  the  humblest  efforts  at 
instmction  or  amusement,  the  dull  productions 
of  plodding  mediocrity,  and  the  moat  original 
anJ  imposiiig  displays  of  intellectual  power.' 
It  will  secure  to  every  person  the  property 
in  every  genuine  product  of  their  own  mental 
labor,  whether  that  product  take  the  form  of 
compilation,  abridgment,  new  arrangement,  or 
a  wholly  original  work,  if  indeed  there  can  be 
pay  such  thing  as  a  wholhr  original  work. 
,  The  law  will  be  liberally  construed  in  favor 
ef  authors;  and,  leaving  their  comparative  mer- 
Its  to  be  settled  b»  critics  at  the  tiibunal  of  pub. 
ic  opinion,  it  will  protect  and  encourage  their 
labors ;  the  fruiu  of  their  literary  toil  are  secured 
to  them  by  the  highest  title,  in  order  that  they 

«w.  jie.  M-eUaG.ftSm.  «74.  C-t  ftoigao,  n.  «- 
CoplngMToa  Cod^tMii.  m.  •.!  Eaat.  j5«,  ^,:  3 
!.?'^friu*^  r  »"i»3«;  iVaa.  a4:  lia.  S.3, »! 
>  Si  iSId.  a<9;  a  Beav.  6;   grC  B.  41  4  BiMh.  au:  a 


may  keep  open  the  springs  of  though',  and 
feed  the  intellectual  life  of  the  nation.* 

Abudomknts.  Writers  of  abridgments 
havr  in  general  been  favorably  regarded  by 
iKJlh  the  couru  of  law  and  equity.*  "Al)ridg- 
ments  may  with  great  propriety  be  called  a  new 
book,  because  not  only  the  paper  and  print,  but 
the  inveotion,  learning,  and  judgment  of  the 
author  is  shown  in  them,  and  in  muny  cases  are 
extremely  useful,  though  in  some  in»tances 
prejudicial,  by  mistaking  and  curtailing  the 
Kcnse  of  the  author."  A  fail  abridgment  is 
always  entitled  to  protection.*  To  constitute  a 
true  and  proper  abridgment  of  a  work  the 
whole  must  be  preserved  in  its  smsf,  and  then 
the  act  of  abridgment  is  an  act  of  the  under- 
Ktanding,  employed  in  copying  a  large  work 
into  a  smaller  compass,  and  rendering  it  less 
expensive  and  more  convenient,  both  to  the  time 
and  use  of  the  reader,  wh*ch  make  an  abridg- 
ment in  the  nature  of  a  new  and  meritorious 
work.  An  abridgment,  when  the  understand- 
ing is  employed  in  retrenching  unnecessary  and 
uninteresting  circumstances,  which  rather 
deaden  the  nanation,  is  not  an  act  of  plagiarism 
upon  the  original  work,  nor  against  any  prop- 
erty of  the  author  in  it,  but  an  allowable  and 
meritorions  work.i 

A  mere  selection  or  different  arrangement  of 
part*  of  the  original  "vork,  so  as  to  bring  it  into 
smaller  compas>^,  will  not  be  held  %boHaJidt 
abridgment.  There  must  be  a  real,  subntantial 
condensation  of  the  materials,  and  intellectual 
labor  and  judgment  bestowed  thereon,  and  not 
merely  the  facile  use  of  the  scissors,  or  extracts 
of  the  essential  parts  constituting  the  chief  value 
of  the  original  work.*  The  abridgment  must 
not  only  contain  the  arrangement  of  the  book 
abridged :  the  ideas  must  oTsu  be  taken  from  its 
pages.  It  must  be  in  good  faith  an  abridgment, 
not  a  treatise  interlarded  with  citations.  To 
copy  certain  passages  from  a  book,  omitting 
others,  is  in  no  sense  a  just  abridgment;  the 
judgment  is  not  exercised  in  condensing  the 
views  of  the  author  not  condensed.'  Between 
a  compilation  and  an  abridgment  there  jj  s 
clear  distinction:  a  compilation  consisU  of 
selected  extracU  from  different  authors;  an 
abridgment  is  a  condensation  of  the  views  of 
the  author.  The  former  cannot  be  extended  so 
a*  to  convey  the  same  knowledge  as  the  origi- 
nal work;  the  latter  contains  an  epitome  of 
the  work  abridged,  and  consequently  con- 
vey* *ubstantially  the  same  knowledge.  The 
former  dannot  adopt  the  arrangement  of  the 
works  cited;  the  latter  must  adopt  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  work  abridged.  The  former  in- 
fringes the  copyright  if  the  matter  trs  nscribed 
when  published  shall  impair  tlie  value  of  the 
original  work;  a  fair  abridgment,  though  it 
may  injure  the  original,  is  lawful." 

tli-l*?54f"'  ^-  ^  «»"'<»<««'  compoaltlona  aae  t 
Biri5'<*i*Jt*"''^J'Col»"-  f:5Blatchf.87.  a. 
Sea  Id.    h-But aca  >i  W.  877:  1  H.  AM  t«t ■  «  lid- 

.jj-l-e""- r7S'_«-a  Story,  iM.    I.4  M, 
•;  8  Jur.  i8j 


143.,  J-Loft.  773.    k-a  Story,  i 

■■;!"■ ''♦J  ••••  Story,  MO     " 
i7Vaa.4a«, 


4  Ssp.  i«»J 


■Mi«^aH;Haifii.v; 


r 


COPYRIGHT. 


I 


Aocvuiom  are  thoM  cnoductloiu  ud  com- 
pMitiortt  of  a  kind  for  which  in  the  coune  of 
*  litcrwy  production  an  author  employt  others 
to  utiit  him.  In  tuch  cues  the  product  of 
their  individual  labor  belonn  to  hiia  who  it 
the  author  and  proprietor  of  the  whole.*  To 
conititute  a  icna  MJ*  accewion  an  author  muit 
by  hi*  own  intellectual  labor,  applied  to  the 
maierialt  of  hii  comnoaltion,  prnduce  an  ar- 
rangement, combioalton,  or  performance  new 
in  himself.* 

Accounts  between  authors  and  publishers.' 

ACQUllfCKNCB.  Even  where  the  sUtutonr 
requisites  to  copyright  have  been  duly  ofaaervea, 
the  conduct  of  the  proprietor  of  a  periodical 
may  be  of  such  «  nature  as  to  diHcntitle  him  to 
aid  from  a  court  of  eauity  by  means  uf  inter- 
locutory injunctions  lor  example,  if  one  lie 
idly  by  and  knowingly  allow  another  pri^^oi  to 
intur  the  expense  of  bringing  out  j  ^-ork, 
which  is  an  infringement  of  ois  stric.  legal 
right.* 

Additiomi.  See  introduction  m  iiy:%  subject, 
above. 

Acts  or  Conoriss.  See  Auionmeht,  Con- 
struction,   iNraiNOXMKNTS,    LIBRARIAN  OF 

CoNCRUi,  RBMKOtn,  Rkquuitis,  etc.,  etc., 
below. 

Additions.  Copyright  may  exist  in  a  novel 
arrangement  as  well  as  in  recent  corrections  and 
addiuont  to  an  old  work  not  the  property  of 
the  compiler.' 

Alikns.  Any  cilisen  of  the  United  States, 
or  resident  therein,  is  entitled  to  copyright.* 

AiUNDMBN-r.  See  Namk  and  uati,  be- 
low. 

AltrrATIONS,  by  a  publisher  who  is  pro- 
prietor of  a  work,  made  in  a  new  edition  under 
the  author's  name,  so  incorrect  as  to  be  injurious 
t3  the  author's  reputation,  renden  the  puUisher 
liable  in  an  action  for  damages.'  When,  how- 
ever, a  portion  of  a  work  is  written  to  be  pub- 
lished under  the  name  of  another,  the  author 
would  have  no  rem^y  in  case  of  its  alteration 
or  variation.* 

AMw«nn«T  vr  cwnwMWKW. 

See.  4MS'  Coj^yriKbU  RhaU  b«  Maicn- 
Rble  in  Vum  bjr  any  inRtroia«it  of  writfiv, 
and  such  assignment  shall  be  recorde4  in  tfie 
oOct  of  the  Ubnrian  of  CongrMS  within 
■ixty  4ity«  Rftor  iu  cmecution ;  in  default 
of  which  it  shall  be  void  as  against  any  subse- 
quent purchaser  or  mongagee  for  a  valuable 
consideration,  \yithout  notice.* 

FsRS.  "  8«c.  MS*'  The  Libfaiian  of 

CongrtRs  Rhall  recMv*  from  the  penone 

H-Podi.  Prep.  i)o-'7S:  7  C.  B.  ■<•:  19  L.  J.  ao,  C. 
P.;  I  L.  T.  (N.  S.)  lu;  9  Am.  L.  Rm.  $3.  Sm  Cod* 
Napol.  sfi6,  (67.  O-t  BbMch.  4«;  3  Story,  Tit;  1  Id. 
11 ;  ■  Wowib.  &  M.  46.  B-Sca  31  Bmv.  tsS:  t  Jur. 
(l/.  S.)  J4|l.    ■-»  L.  T.  (S.  8.)  S4o;  >t  Jut.  (N.  8.) 

^t;  iV.  Bt.  3»i.  3JI ;  s  Ves.  »,;  A  Id.  »«.  ■.:  8  Id. 
lis:  i<  Id.  lisa;  ■  Beav.  A;  y  C.  9.  4:  ■  ana- ft  Stn. 
1 :  3K.ftJ.70l:  3Story,  7<«i  sBlaulir.iA;  jMeLcan, 
ti:  t  L.  Rtp.  (C.  S  '  -  "    * 


to  whom  the  Mrvicca  designated  are  ren- 
dered, the  following  fees  :■ 

"  I.  For  recording  the  title  or  dexcriplion  of 
any  cofwright  book  or  other  article,  fifty  cents. 

"  a.  r  or  every  copy  under  seal  of  tuch  record 
actually  given  to  the  jterton  claiming  the  copy- 
right, or  his  aisignt,  nfty  cents. 

"  3.  For  recording  and  certifying  any  instru- 
ment of  writing  for  the  astignment  of  a  copy- 
right, one  dollar. 

"  4.  For  every  copy  of  an  astignment,  oef 
dollar. 

"All  fees  to  received  thall  be  paid  into  th 
treasury  of  the  United  States." 

Copyright  is  personal  firoperty.  and  aaji  be 
Msigned.  It  must,  however,  M  in  eiistence 
to  be  assigned  at  law.*  An  execution  pur- 
chaser, however,  does  not  acquire  the  rij[hu 
of  an  assignee  in  the  article  sold  on  execution ; 
and  a  seizure  and  sale  on  execution  of  plates 
for  which  the  debtor  hat  obtained  a  copyright 
does  not  transfer  the  omyright  to  the  pur- 
chaser; the  debtor  is  entitled,  without  reim- 
bursing the  purchaser  for  money  paid  on 
such  sde,  to  an  injunction  to  restnin  the  pur- 
chaser from  striking  off  and  selling  copies 
therefrom.'  The  aastgnefs  under  a  commission 
in  bankruptcy  are  not  entitled  to  the  manu- 
Bcripit  of  an  author,  although  the  copyright  of 
a  book  which  has  been  printed  and  puUished 
will  legally  pau  for  the  bendit  of  creditor*,' 
and  the  price  paid  by  the  bookseller  is  as  com- 
jJetely  open  to  the  diligence  of  creditois  as  the 
price  of  another  ctmmodity  or  merchandise. 
The  reason  assigned  for  this  distinction  is  that 
the  author's  righto£  withholding  the  publication 
continues  till  the  very  moment  his  book  is  ac- 
tually given  out  to  the  public ;  even  the  printer 
of  the  book  would  not  be  entitled  to  seM  it  for 
his  payment,  although  there  was  not  the  srsrII- 
est  doubt  that  he  has  a  compile  lien  over  ft 
till  delivery,  to  prevent  the  autnor  or  his  oedi- 
tors  from  taking  advantage  of  the  pulilicatiott 
till  he  shall  have  been  paid.* 

The  assignment  of  a  copjrright  in  general 
terms  will  he  referred  to  what  was  in  exu^ance 
at  the  date  of  the  aswiEiimcnt,  and  not  to  any 
future  contingency.*  It  should  not  hf  ooa* 
struetion  be  extended  beypnd  the  firrt  term,  pn- 
less  it  scans  to  be  actually  meant  by  the  author 
to  be  transferred  forever,  and  indudiiw  any  fu- 
ture Gontingem^.*  Where,  however,  it  is  c;lMr 
that  dM  autnor  intends  to  transfer  all  bis  interest 
in  the  copyright,  as  well  as  his  right  in  the 
.  continuanoe  or  extension  of  the  term,  a  oout 
of  equit*  will  enforce  a  reformation  of  the  con 
tract  toM  to  include  all  the  assignees*  interer t  * 
sM  II  Bmv.  Its.    T-L»w«  U.  8.  it)o.  Inly  I.  Vol.  i<, 

8,  Vol.  lA,  Ch.  sjo,  1  oa,  c 
c!h.3,|4»st:Uiny- 


8,Val.iA,Ch.a«>.i9a 
h.  3,|4»s8:  »*»fy 
'•,f«.P-?9-    »--fJ* 


W-Lam  tf.  8.  i8}o^  JMy 


im.  151.    jr-a  HtUiant 


nv 

17  Id.  447.    ■•*  Bos.  ft  p.  67 :  aa*  4  Burr.  *3it ;  AnM. 


Dati 


«7 
„  „  „      447  *.*  s-  — 
l*-i  Bail  CoBM.  W:  Keir 
Mo.  L.  Rap.  lot.    M  Woodb.  ft  U 
S«s:  a  WeodklkM.SMk 


(■  dtalgiwud  mn  ran- 
f  r««B  :• 

the  tttla  or  deiicriplion  of 
r  other  urticie,  fifty  cents, 
under  neal  of  luch  record 
lerton  claiming  the  copy- 
fty  cents. 

tnd  certifying  any  instru- 
tie  aMignment  of  a  copy- 

y  of  an  auignment,  on0 

ed  thall  b«  paid  into  th 
1  Stalei." 

val  property,  and  majr  be 
lowever,  b«  in  eaiitence 
iw.*  An  execution  pur- 
(  not  acquire  the  righu 
krticle  told  on  execution ; 
le  on  execution  of  plates 

ha«  obtained  a  copyright 
e  copyright  to  the  pur- 
I  entitled,  without  reim- 
«r  for  money  paid  on 
iction  to  reatmln  the  pur- 

off  and  wrUing  copie* 
jneft  under  a  commmion 
ot  entitled  to  the  manu- 
lithough  the  copyririit  of 
en  printed  and  puuithed 
the  benefit  of  crcditon,' 
the  bookiellcr  it  as  com- 
ligence  of  crediton  aa  the 
amodity  or  merchandise, 
for  this  distinction  Is  that 
ithbolding  the  pvbUcation 
y  moment  his  oook  Is  ac- 
I  public  i  eren  the  printer 
H  be  entitled  to  t»^  it  for 
1  there  was  not  the  s«all- 
u  a  complete  lien  over  it 
m  the  autnor  or  his  credi- 
antage  of  the  publictttion 
(I  paid.* 

f  a  copyright  in  general 
I  to  what  wss  in  cxis^noe 
wignmcnt,  and  not  to  any 
It  should  not  hgr  eon- 
i  beypnd  the  fint  tents,  pn- 
tually  meant  by  the  author 
rer,  and  including  any  fu- 
IThere,  however,  tt  is  <;lear 
Is  to  transfer  all  his  iniarcst 
well  as  his  Ti|^t  In  the 
ision  of  the  term,  a  ooui 
I  a  refonnation  of  the  con 
kll  the  assignees*  interert  * 
rt  i;.|.  itfo,  Idyl. Vol.. i<, 


97.    wLawi  U.  8. J! 


W-L«« 
],lt«r.  il 


^i 


I.  U3,lt«r.  itnr74,  Tide  tX., 
3. 1174,  JuM  >s' Vol.  It.  Ck. 

d  Tons,  s*  >■•:  '4  How.  jtt: 
P.  67;  M«  4  Bwrr.  s}it  i  Anhl. 

Voodb.  k  M.  44-   4il  Wwd 


COPYRIGHT. 


The  assignment  of  an  interest  In  a  copyright 
muit  be  in  writing,  though  an  agreement  to 
BMijjn  may  be  by  parol  j  ami  such  assignment 
ihouKh  unrecordied  will  ba  valid  as  between 
the  part  t<,  and  as  to  all  penons  not  claiming 
under  the  assignees.* 

All  awignracnt  of  the  copyright  of  a  work 
must  hsvelieen  in  writing,  and  attested  by  two 
witnesses,  in  order  to  entitle  the  assignee  to 
miiniain  an  action  for  pirating  it.*  for  the  stat- 
ute requires  two  witnesses  to  a  consent  to  pub- 
lication, and  It  is  naturallv  inferred  that  an 
suignment  which  is  of  a  higher  nature  than 
a  mere  consent  must  have  at  least  the  same 
solemnity.' 

In  the  absence  of  a  special  contract,  the 
SMignor  of  a  copyright  is  entitled  after  assign- 
ment to  CMitinuc  selling  such  stock  of  the  work 
u  remains  on  hand  at  the  date  of  the  assign- 
menl.s 

An  agreement  to  aulgn  will  be  treated  in 
equity  a*  a  valid  assignment,  upon  the  ma':im 
that  sqnlly  considers  done  that  which  ought  to 
have  been  done.* 

An  assignment  made  hy  parol  may  be  valid 
if  registered  in  the  office  wnere  the  copyright 
was  catered,  and  certainly  so  if  afterwards 
acted  upon  bf  the  parties.' 

An  author  or  proprietor  may  assign  a  dis> 
tinct  portion  of  his  copyright^ 

See  CoNiTKticnoN;  iNpaiNaBMCirrs;  Li- 

BRAKIAN  OP  CONQSns;    RlMKOIBSt  RbQUI- 

irns,  nc.,  rrc,  below. 

Jkmtunumxv  wnm. 

Cowrright  No.  — ,  A.,  Is  (iMnby)  Msigned  to 
•""•  A.B, 


•  0..to  C. 
A.B. 


I  (hmbf )  aaalin  conrrlght  N«. 
OatHI-.,  


r»r  vatae  reeaivsd  t  hereby 
Ho.--— .C,  to  CD.,  of—. 


eonrright 

(siirmrf)  A.  a 

For  a  sonaldsiatlen  of Ih«rt.byaaalffnanto 

SlRff**^' a' Ifcs undivided  wtmMin  cop" 
rtohtNo. •V..«Matar«or yMut*. 


•St  la  and  rights  natfer  e^rtght  No  ---T«! 
la  coaaMaratton  of  whfcS  saM  C.  D.  shall  iwy 


c.p. 


•'i!!l?  'H  l?  *f«»3raehnowUdied <»r ^ «.hM r.- 
j.l*«l(,  I  htrebv  assign,  transfsr,  an4  set  evsr  to 
CD.  aU  my  title  aad  Intarost  lu  and  right* 
I'K-.!!.»*fci*M''"  f'py'iht.  and  tha  csrtlAcat* 

»•;•'••'  5««'tal  dais  tKe  day  of .  tha 

tUto^(«r  dacnpiloa)  of  which  is  In  ths  fcllewing 


words,  to  wit !  (M*^>»M  tkt  ttrti/Umti):  tha 
rlaht  wharaof  I  slakm  aa  author  («r  pi^rkinri. 
-~*  **??!  *."^  *"  '''I'  *h«  sams  unto  ths  said  C 


D.i  and  hiatagal  rsprMantatlvaa  forsvsr.' 
'■.•'!*."•••  wharaof,  I  have  hsrounto  sot  my 

A.  a 


band,  tbla day  of  ~ — . 

Aaalvaitsioat 


CMSHMlMsttois     Bn«U 

IMS  tm  MM 


<kr  Boot  Ttflst 


"% 


lks«rlsiss  •t  «•» 


>taca  • 


-,  Data  — 


LIbfarlaa  of  Caagraae. 

-„, ,    jy*^"!^*!  l>««rlet  of  Columbia  j 

#  ^JJ'^^P'*'^  andaa  iDatrumsnt  of  writing 
for  thaaaalgnmsM  of  copyright  No. C,  fh>m 

Vifv   » .•'»»*'OT  or  prDDr<Mor)teCO.  (of , 

nibllalwr).  to  be  rocerdod  In  your  efflca  In  cen^ 
formlty  witbth*  lawa  of  tha  Unltod  Suios  r*. 
•WfMnf  ooRyrighto. 

'•»*.»>00  QuM  o««s  <>rd*r  (#r  draft)  No ,  Ihrl 

— — detlar8,fte  tar  rs^ordlng  and  cartlMng  aald 
loatrumant.  Vary  rsspoctfkiUy.    '"""^ 

[u  B.J  Ubrsiqr  of  Cenfroas. 

•m.   _.....  Washington,-^—. 

^*^)l'"..***!l""«'>t  of  eopyrlght  la  thia  day 
''^' librarian  of  CoMraaa. 
of  the  Ualtad  fiatsa 


se  seal  of  aaM  oAee, 


raaorded  fti  tba  ojlee  of  tV 
In  conCsrmlty  with  the  I 
~MPMttngci>pyirlgbta. 

Wltneaa  my  band  t 

•la day  of — ./    /    

L.        .Jirariam  ff  Cmtgmi, 

,  ,  .  ^        -SISB. 

r«-  •.!       «Whfa*>  «f  Cengraaa. 

A-  «    ..  ^•^•5«*?".Wwk:t  of  Columbia. 

An(hsc;j|~mt  of  writhy  fcrUw)aaelgnmont  of 

•JPyrlig*  ►"'•■-T  P^.byA.B.of ,  toCD.. 

rf-r"»  *'ffj««»'<'^«««  boob  (#r  anilcnnMat  i^eonl 

wo.)  — ,  SsHo ,  tbla day  of . 

L.  C,  Utrmrimm  if  Cti^grtn. 
AnoTMBa. 

«!..  — «..^-lf^"«**«»«  ¥>*«»  of  Columbia. 

&teiir«!?ar«r'=r  "••  -•  '•"•^ 

Arkangimbnt.    See  introdnctlon  to  this 
chapter,  and  AmiDOMum,  above. 

Articui.  In  order  to  give  the  proprietor 
rf  an  mcyclqitedia,  magasTne.  periodical,  ra. . 
view,  or  serial,  a  cc^i^ht  in  articles  com- 
posed for  bin  by  otheis,it  is  not  necessary  thai 
there  should  ha  any  cxpros  contract  tut  he 
should  have  tha  property  5n  the  copyright  t  the 
fact  of  the  author  being  paid  by  the  proprietor 
for  articles  supplied  expressly  for  the  period- 
ical raises  tha  presumption  that  the  copyoght  is 
intended  to  be  the  propertv  of  the  proprietor ; 
otherwise,  the  articles  might  be  published  by 
the  writer  simultaneously,  or  shortly  afterwards, 
possibly  to  the  detriment  snd  injury  of  such  pro- 
prietor. But  any  author  may  reserve  to  him- 
self the  right  to  publish  any  such  composition 
in  a  separate  form,  and  he  will  be  entitled  to 
the  cofiyright  therein  when  published  separately, 

twwmaliensatepuUlsbaadaB  s 

^•S^iJ^'J?  **.*•  <"•  S-)  5«s.    . .J,.  ,  ™. 

Vh    ^'^>?<1-  ***vf'  'V-'t*  Burr.  a«»;  iSm'jis. 
i-Sa*  jScoieh_8aM.  Osa.^.  8.)l:  i«U  (N.S.}9ai 


'HIWI0.1  itw^'>«tinmu^ 


4» 


COPYRIGHT. 


without  prelodice  lo  tlie  rlclit  of  the  proprietor 
of  the  pulilicntiun  in  which  tucb  trticie  iiuy 
have  first  appear«<l. 

A  jienwn  may  lie  the  proprietor  of  •  copy- 
right in  the  leparate  parts  of  n  periodical,  etc., 
limply  by  reason  ol  hii  empluynieiit  of  llic 
writer*.*    See  AUTIIOR,  liclow. 

An  author  i»  one  who,  hy  hi*  own  intel- 
lectual lal>or,  applied  to  the  materi.ilR  of  hii 
cumpoxitiun,  uroaucet  an  arrangement  or  com- 
pilation new  in  itself.' 

Author*  maybe  considered  as:  i.  Origina- 
tor* ;  3.  Compden. ;  aiul  j.  TninslatorK." 

I.  Mm  origy'natH'  has  choice  of  his  own 
thoughts  and  woidi,  and  his  work  i*  an  entirely 
new  and  original  one  compo*cd  of  such  words 
and  thoughts. 

a.  A  fcm/ifer,  abridger,  arranger,  or  editor, 
if  one  who,  by  hi*  own  intellectual  lalxir  and 
judgment,  arrange*,  composes,  frames,  or  make* 
a  composition  of  literary  or  scientific  matter 
from  various  cource*,  and  not  originally  pro- 
duced by  him. 

3.  j1  trausMor  or  interpreter  i*  one  who  ren- 
ders or  interprets  literary  matter  ft'om  one  lan- 
guage to  another,  retainine  the  idea  and  the  sense 
which  are  not  his,  and  clothing  them  in  words 
of  hi*  own  *election.  He  is  not  a  mere  para- 
{^rater,  since  a  creditable  paraphrase  may  l>e 
produced  without  the  slighte*t  familiarity  with, 
knowledge  of,  or  reference  to  the  language  of 
the  original  work,  by  a  mere  reference  to  a  pir- 
viou*  translation  and  a  book  of  synonyms.  The 
labor  of  a  conacientiou*  and  faithful  tran*latur 
must  be  much  more  original  and  primary. 

Where  a  person  employ*  another  to  compile 
a  book,  and  gives  him  some  suggestions  as  to 
its  character  and  form,  and  agree*  to  pay  for 
inch  compilation,  and  thereupon  the  author* 
conveys  the  copyright  to  the  employer,  such 
conveyance  relates  only  to  the  original  or  fi)<>t 
term  of  the  copyright.  The  author  ha«  the  sole 
interest  in  the  additional  term  allowed  to  au- 
thors, and  may  renew  the  copyright  and  snjoy 
the  benefit  of  such  renewal.* 

When,  in  the  t^ourse  of  the  composition  or 
production  of  a  literary  or  scientific  work,  an 
author  employs  another  or  others  to  assist  him, 
the  product  of  their  individual  labor  will  belong 
to  him  who  is  the  author  and  proprietor  of  the 
whole* 

Where  a  person  i*  employed,  for  a  reward 
paid  to  him,  to  write  a  musical  composition  to 
oe  used  as  part  of  the  representation  of  a  dra- 
matic piece,  and  a*  a  mere  accessory  to  *uch 
dramatic  piece,  the  composer  of  the  musical 
accessory  has  no  copyright  therein :  the  prop- 
erty in  music  so  coropMed  become*  vested  in 
the  employer,  and  he  does  not  require  the  con- 
tent of  the  composer  in  order  to  represent  it.' 

k-SeetjI. J.  (C.  P.)  m ;  17C.  B.  4*7 :  "  Jur. yr ; »« 
L.  1.  (N.S.)Cn.i40.   l-«  RIatclir.  4«.   M-MoinnUiw 


t/t  Lltemnira,  vol.  i,  p.  318, 


•■Poth.  Pi 


ttf.  i    2d.  f  1 56,  tt 


B.(N. 

t« :  M  t:  J.  tj.  C.  p.':  i'  l;  T.(M."s:)  io;  sm  i<  LI 
T.  (N.  S.)  4S3  i  1}  Wood,  S)S  i  9  Am.  U  Ktf.  47-    %- 


tn.    H-s  w!  ft  M.'«3.'  a^Poth'.  PropV.  170, 175  {jC 
~  (N.S.)««8;«9L.  j.(C.P.):  »L.T.(N.S.)io:aAi 
Reg.  33;  Code  N»p.  JW,  S67.    p.7~ 


io;q. 
C.  B.  (N.  S.) 


Ihitntmm  nulhnr.  Where  an  anthnr  I*  nn- 
kiKiwii,  ilie  copyright  of  a  book  belong*  to  11.4 
pulili'.lier.i 

IlANKRUPTCY.  The  assignees  under  a  com- 
miNsiiin  of  bankruptcy  are  not  enliiled  (o  the 
ni.iiiiocripts  of  an  author,  although  the  copy- 
right of  a  book  which  has  licen  printed  aiiJ 
puliliithed  will  legally  |rass  for  the  benefit  of  llic 
crt-iliton.'  And  the  price  paid  by  the  bo<jk- 
seller  i*  a*  completely  o|)cn  to  the  diligence  of 
creditors  as  the  price  of  any  other  commodity 
or  merchandise,* 

Ukquest.  Copyright  may  be  the  subject  of 
a  lieijueM,  and  on  the  death  of  the  person  to 
whom  it  l)clongs,  without  any  Mich  beipiest, 
will  devolve  on  his  personal  representatives.* 

Book.  A  "  book  "  within  the  meaning  oi 
the  act  may  consist  of  a  single  sheet,  as  the 
word*  of  a  song  or  the  music  accom|xinying 
it.*  But  a  newspaper  or  price  current  is  not  a 
Iraok  within  the  meaning  of  the  act.* 

A  label  used  in  the  sale  of  any  atticle  is  not 
a  liook  within  the  provinions  of  the  copyright 
aci.» 

nuSTH.       See    SCULPTURI,     MODBU,    AND 

Busts,  lielow. 

Bij^sriiF.MY  AND  PlinrANiTY  are  offence*  not 
only  against  morals  and  the  public  weal,  but 
is  in  many  States  made  a  penal  offence.  They 
tend  to  undermine  not  only  Christianity,  which 
is  a  part  of  our  law,  but  also  disturb  the  peace 
and  corrupt  the  morals  of  the  community.  If 
these  offences  in  the  shape  of  publications  can- 
not be  dealt  with  criminally,  as  in  most  cases 
they  can,  they  are  beyond  the  reach  of  any  pro- 
tection in  law  or  equity;  and  while  they  are 
without  relief  from  inv.ision  hy  others,  they  will 
he  restrained  where  any  positive  injury  result* 
from  their  publication. 

Calrndars,  Court  Guides,  Dictionaries, 
Directories,  and  works  op  this  descrip- 
Tio.s,  ktc.  The  difficulty  as  to  this  class  of 
cases  is,  that  they  do  not  only  relate  to  a  sub- 
ject common  to  all  mankind,  but  the  mode  of 
expression  and  langu.ige  is  necessarily  so  com- 
mon that  two  iierjoiis  must,  to  a  very  great  ex- 
tent, express  tnemselves  in  identical  terms  in 
conveying  the  instruction  or  information  to 
society  which  they  intend.*  In  all  cases  where 
the  source*  from  which  materials  for  composi- 
tion are  to  be  derived  are  of  a  common  or  gen- 
eral nature,  they  are  open  to  any  one  to  gain  a 
copyright  in  any  arrangement  of  them  which  he 
chooses  to  make.'  But  although  a  person  may 
thus  acquire  a  copyright  in  his  own  arrange- 
ment cC  common  materials,  the  materials  them- 
selves are  equally  open  to  every  one  else  who 
chooses  to  have  recourse  to  them,  and,  different 
copyrights  may  be  acquired  in  difff^rent  arrange- 
ments of  the  same  common  materials.    These 


t  Morgan,  909, 1  ajo.    r-a  B.  ft  P.  67 ;    4  Burr.  (311 : 
'n\    i4How.*s8;    17  Id.  447:    4  B.  Men.  W4> 
Mod.  S18.    M-i  Bell  Comm.  68 :    Kerr  on  In- 


7  i    4  * 
AmU.  <9s:   i4How.*s8;    17  Id.  447:    4  B.  Men.  < 
«9< :    fo  Mod.  S18.    M-i  Bell  Contin.  68 :    K 
junction,  186.    t-Ambl.  717.    n->  Paine  C.  C.  383, 
V-Id.    w-4  McLean,  s>e.    X-«  W.  R.   3^*:    aW 
M.  497.    y-9  So.  Scss.  Cm.  (td  Scr.)  738 ;   a  Paine. 

e'4.'&°7t''"  Law  R.  »  E<|. 697:  iiU}.«n',  M 
T.  tW.  S.)  *w. 


^'Vk 


ill 


ii 


,  Where  »n  millior  It  nn- 
It  of  a  book  beloii|{»  lo  Hi 

"he  n««lgnee!i  iitiflfT  •  com- 
Icy  tire  iio(  entitled  to  the 
iiithor,  alihougli  the  copy- 
ich  hat  l>cen  printed  aii<l 
y  |>osH  for  the  bencfil  of  liii' 
e  price  {xiid  by  the  book- 
ly  o|icn  to  the  diligence  of 
:e  of  any  other  commodity 

ight  mny  be  the  lubject  of 
he  death  of  the  per«on  lo 
without  any  Mich  bei|ue<it, 
pcrKonnl  represenlalivei.' 
:"  within  the  meaning  of 
of  •  tingle  theet,  as  the 
r  the  mutic  accompanying 
>er  or  price  current  it  not  a 
ming  of  the  act.* 
le  sale  of  any  article  it  not 
proviaioni  of  the  copyright 

:uLPTUiiK,   Models,  and 

PHOfAMiTY  are  offences  not 
I  and  the  public  weal,  but 
jde  a  penni  offence.  They 
lot  only  Christianity,  which 
,  but  alto  disturb  the  peace 
alt  of  the  community.    If 

shape  of  publicationt  can- 
riminnlly,  oh  in  most  case* 
syond  the  reach  of  any  pro- 
iquity;  and  while  they  are 
invasion  by  others,  ihcy  will 

any  positive  injury  results 
>n. 
RT  Guides,  Dictionaries, 

WORKS  OP  THIS  DEiiCRIP- 

flicully  as  to  this  dasi  of 

0  nut  only  relate  to  a  sub- 
mankind,  but  the  mode  of 
unge  it  necessarily  so  com- 
ns  must,  to  a  very  great  ea- 
elves  in  identical  termt  in 
ruction  or  information  to 
iilend.*  In  all  catea  where 
lich  materials  for  composi- 
id  are  of  a  common  or  gen- 
i  oi>cu  to  any  one  to  gain  a 
angement  of  them  which  he 
But  although  a  person  may 
yright  in  his  own  arrangc- 
nierialt,  the  materials  them 
ipen  to  every  one  else  who 
ourse  to  them,  and  different 
cquired  in  difl>rentRrrangc- 
common  materialt.    These 

t>-a  B.  ft  P.  67 :  4  Burr,  tjn  i 
58:    17  Id.  447:    4B.  Mon.  W4I 

1  Bell  Comm.  68;  Kerr  on  In- 
.  737.    n-a  Paine  C.  C.  38.1,  »i. 

I.  Cat.  fitl  Scr.)  7s8 :  a  Painr, 
r  R.  «  E>|.  «97;  js  1-  )•  mi  M 


COPYRIGHT. 


amngements  must,  however,  be  Independent ; 
a  later  arrangement  must  not  be  a  servile  imi- 
Lition  or  reproduction  of  an  earlier  one ;  other- 
wise it  subjects  its  author  to  the  charge  of 
piracy.' 

Of'^lhe  whole  class  of  works  embracing  tables 
of  figures,  dictionaries,  calendars,  court  guides, 
etc., etc.,  the  only  mode  of  arriving  at  the  amount 
of  l.ibor  iKsiowed  is  by  the  common  test  resorted 
10  of  discovering  the  copy  of  errors  and  misprints 
indicating  a  servile  copying.* 

A  CHATTEL  M(>RT(iAME  on  the  copyright  of  a 
work  is  not  a  mortgage  on  the  prulits  arising 
from  a  use  of  the  copyripht.* 

Common  Materials,  etc.  See  Calendars, 
Court  GttinES,  etc.,  etc.,  above;  Diction- 
aries, Directories,  etc.,  below. 

CoMPi  LATION.  "  It  is  a  great  mistake  to  sup- 
pose because  all  the  materials  of  a  work,  or  some 
partJ  of  its  plan  and  arrangements  and  modes 
of  illustration,  may  be  found  se[virately,  or  in  a 
different  form,  or  in  a  different  arrangement  in 
other  distinct  works,  that,  therefore,  if  the  plan, 
or  arrangement,  or  combination  in  another 
work  it  new,  or  for  the  first  time  made,  the  au- 
thor, compiler,  or  framer  of  it  it  not  entitled  to 
a  copyright.  The  reverse  it  the  truth  in  law," 
etc.*  No  person  has  a  right  to  borrow  another's 
plan  and  arrangement  and  illustrations,  and  ter- 
vilclv  copy  them  into  any  other  work.* 

The  preparation  and  collection  of  notes  from 
various  sources  is  a  work  of  no  small  labor 
and  intellectual  exertion :  the  plan,  the  arrange- 
ment, and  the  combination  of  these  notes  belong 
exclusively  to  the  person  collecting  and  ar- 
ranging them.  He  is  mstly  deemed  the  author 
of  them  in  their  actual  form  and  combination, 
and  it  entitled  to  a  copyright  accordingly.  If 
no  work  could  be  coniidered  by  our  law  at  en- 
titled to  the  privilege  of  r  copyright,  which  is 
composed  of  materials  drawn  from  many  differ- 
ent sources,  and  for  the  first  time  brought  to- 
gether in  the  same  plan  and  arrangement,  and 
combination,  simply  because  those  materials 
might  be  fonnd  Mattered  up  and  down  in  a 
great  variety  of  volumes,  perhaps  in  hundreds, 
and  even  thonsands  of  volumes,  and  might 
have  been  bronght  together  in  the  same  way 
and  by  the  same  researches  of  another  mind 
equally  skilful  and  diligent,  then  what  would 
become  of  the  elaborate  commentaries  of  mod- 
ern scholars  upon  thet:lassics,etc.,  treatises  upon 
astronomy,  mathematics,  natural  philosophy  and 
chemistry,  I'^gal  treatises,  digests  and  text  books, 
the  materials  of  which  must  essentially  depend 
u|x)n  faithful  abstracU,  formulae,  and  illustra- 
tions?* 

CONSTRUCTIOW  OF  COPVIltOHT— IMPORTA- 
TION, Frintino,  and  Pubushino  or  Foreign 
Worm,  etc.,  etc. 

S«c.  4971.  Nothing  in  this  chapter  shall  be 
consinied  to  prohibit  the  printing,  publishing, 

a-L.  K«B^  I  Eq.  «97 ;  35 1.  I.  4,,.  Ch. ;  14  L.  T.  (N. 
»•)  aM :  « TEMt.  3««.n.    ••«  Wood,  i.a  j  L.  Rap. 9  Eq. 

l.(N.8.)aa3.    c^Stonr,  <8a.    Si-Id.    e-SeaiSlory. 
II ;  7  C.  ».  «.    r-Laws  V.  S.  i8;o,  July  8,  Vol.  i«,  Ch 


importation,  or  sale  of  any  liook,  map,  chart, 
dramniic  or  musical  com)><miiion,  print,  cut,  en- 
graving, or  photograph,  written,  ctim|>osed,  of 
ma<le  by  any  |ienon  not  a  citizen  of  the  United 
Stales  nor  resident  therein.' 

.See  REyuisiTEs  of  a  Valid  Copyright, 
Ijeluw. 

Contracts  Between  Authors  and  Pub- 
lishers, etc. 

In  all  agreements  l>etween  authors  and  pub- 
lishers  the  terms  should  be  distinctly  staled, 
and  the  respective  rights  of  the  partiet  cleariy 
denned.  The  number  of  copies  of  which  the 
edition  it  to  consist  thould  be  declared;  other- 
"  ise  the  publisher  might,  if  to  disposed,  print 
20,000  as  one  edition* 

Agreements  between  nuthnrs  and  publishers 
should  express  beyond  a  doubt  whether  they 
are  to  operate  as  assignmtHtt  of  the  copyright 
in  the  work,  or  merely  as  Nctnse$  to  publish.* 
If  the  author  sell  and  dispose  of  his  manuscript 
in  specie  to  a  pui>lisher,  with  the  express  un- 
derstanding that  the  latter  is  to  publish  it,  he 
cannot  afterwards  copyright  in  his  own  namei 
the  copyright  belongs  to  the  publisher.' 

Where  an  agreement  between  author  and 
publisher  is  that  the  publisher  shall  take  the 
whole  charge,  risk,  and  duly  of  bringing  out 
the  work  (as  he  thinks  best  for  the  interest  of 
lK>th  parties),  such  publisher  has  the  right  of 
fixing  the  price  of  such  work  when  brought  out/ 
When  an  agreement  between  author  and 
publisher  ttatet  that  after  payment  of  the  ex- 
penses of  publication,  etc., "  the  profitt  remain, 
ing  in  every  edition  that  thould  be  printed  of 
the  work  are  lo  be  divided  into  two  equal 
parts,  one  moiety  to  go  to  the  author,  and  the 
other  to  the  publisher,"  this  points  out  certain 
definite  times  for  the  adjustment  of  the  ac 
counU,  and  at  which  the  author  becomes  en- 
titled to  terminate  his  agreement  with  the 
publither.  Nor  can  the  publisher  1^  ttereo- 
typing  the  work  deprive  the  author  of  this 
right.* 

Under  a  contract  between  author  and  pub- 
lisher,  where  the  publisher  agrees  to  publish 
the  work  and  pay  the  author  for  copyright 
seven  and  a  half  cents  for  every  copy  of  the 
book  published,  the  publisher  does  not  obtaia 
the  exclusive  right  to  publish  the  work.' 

If  an  author  agree  in  writing  to  supply  a 
bookseller  or  publisher  with  a  manuscript  of  a 
work  to  be  printed  by  the  latter,  an  action  for 
damages  can  be  maintained  for  refusing  to 
furnish  the  same,«>  provided  the  work  be  one 
which,  if  published,  would  not  subject  the 
author  to  punishment.* 

Where,  however,  the  author  is  engaged  for 
a  certain  turn  to  write  an  article  to  appear, 
among  others,  in  a  work  which  is  discontinued 
before  any  of  it  had  been  published,  the  pub- 

s).  »^. 

Sliortl.  a7i 


•«S! 


I-Sec  1 
;  S4  K.  ft 


»a».  1873-4,  title  fo,  Ch.  3. 1 4971. 
I1-6  be  G.  M.  &  O.  ai3j  3k. 


.«56,«e5». 

-   T .-•.  -'c'- *i-  >?«•'    is'a  Morgan,  635, i  4>« 

aBd^iiote^    I-33N.  Y.%uperloTCl.9i9,    Si.;suHj.lR. 


itchf.  ija.    J-See  3  K.  ft  /.  ij6i 
»?«,      ila  Morgan,  635, 1 , 


P.  C.  107 ;  See  •  WUs,  C.  C.  ijy.    a-M, 


■■*m.m»mm^'im^-t>)m..i&i£i..^ 


COPYRIGHT. 


'|",J 


lithem  are  not  cniilltd  to  claim  Iha  eomplelion 
of  the  article  in  order  that  it  may  !«  published 
in  a  separate  form  for  general  readen,  but  are 
bound  to  pay  the  author  a  reasonable  lum  for 
the  part  which  he  has  prepared.* 

An  author  may  bind  himieir  not  to  write 
upon  a  particular  lubject,  or  only  for  a  particu- 
lar p«non.» 

COHTRACT  rOKMH. 

8w  AMMNMitrrt.  •bova,  Ucema*,  below. 

Sm  liile  CoMmACTs.  anM. 

Ai|r«>Mn«Ml,  CMitrMct,  •»  ■•■MrMiMlNM. 

Ktinmlhn  H  ArlUl  ^  Ctfrrlgkt  in  a  Dr»immg, 

PMmtiHf,  0r  Pktttgri^,  itt. 

It  ia  hereby  acreed  between  A.  B,, of .and 

C.  D.,  or ,  inat  tlia  eepyrtgbt  No. ,  C,  of 

ttia  drawint  (palnilnf,  *r  pkoiograpli),  eattUed , 

rapreacatlng ,  made  (#r  prodoead)  by  aaid  A. 

B.,  and  new  (lold,  anIaiMd,  and  dUpoaad  of.  «•-  now 
' y  balialf),  M  reaervad  to  aald  A.  %, 


cacrutad  oa 

Dated 

.  Wltneaaaa.  W 


T.,N.t. 


(SignO)    C  D. 


AitifMmttrt  y  Cy/i'jr*<  in  Dmwing,  DtiiUiHg,  «r 

PMufnifJll*  Pkrthutr,  tit. 
It  la  hereby  agreed  between  A.  B..  of — -.and 

C  D.,  of——,  la  aMMlder4tlea  of  the  aum  of . 

ever  and  above  the  price  of  the  work  hereinafter 
deacribed.  paid  by  aald  C.  O.  to  aaid  A.  B.,  that 
the  aaid  CD.  la  entitled  to  the  eepyrljiht  in  the 
(drawing,  painting,  «r  plipianaph),  maoc  («r  pro- 
duced) by  aaid  A.  B.,  autnled ,  and  repreaent* 

Ing^— — ,  BOW  Arat  aoid  and  dlapeeed  of  to  aald 
C.l>.  A.B. 

(•r  A.  B.  by  A.  A  , 
Witaeaae8,W.T..N.*.  Uaagant.) 

ABr«mai«a«,  C«a*nMl«  at  ■•■MNuMlaak 

Ftr  pHlicalhm  ^  »  XJmUid  SdilUm. 

Itlaaneed: 

That  C  D.iof  — — .miblMier.at  hla  own  eeot 
and  eipenae.  open  the  cenditlena  and  for  the 
eenatdetatton  hereinafter  mentioned,  ahall  pub- 
llah  —  ceplea  of  (h*r*  ttff  tk*  tith  •/  tkt  wrk). 

That  aald  work  ahall  be  printed  la  type  and 
page  correapendtng  with  — . 

niat  aaid  werliahaU  ba  divided  Into vot- 

nreaa  of  —  pagea  {»r  ahacta)  each. 

That  aaid  work  ahaU  ba  aeld  (in  boarda,  ate., ate.) 

•t  the  retail  price  of >  and  whelaaale  prtca  of 

,  but  ahould  said  work  eaceed pag^  K*r 

ahacu)  a  proportionate  Increaae  ahall  be  made  In 
aaid  ehargaa,  aa  well  aa  tha  cenalderation  herein- 
after named. 

That  la  cenalderation  of  the  premlaea  aald  C. 

D.  ahall  pay  aaid  A.  B.  the  aum  of dollara  (vr 

— ^  par  cant,  of  ilia  retail  \tr  wlioleaaiej  aalling  price 
of  Mid  wocli  aa  fellow*,  to  wit) : 

That  aaid  C  D.  jhall  pirtwent  aald  A.  B.  with 
— —  ceplea  of  aaid  won,  free  of  chatse,  vpon 
publication  thereof. 

In  witneaa  whereof,  aeM  irartlea  have  hereunto 
aet  their  handa  tbia day  of >  C.  D. 

Witneaaea.  W.  T. ,  N.  t.  A.  B. 

Avr««Ma#iit,  CVMitvact,  t>r  llwfWMklw. 

Ltmpllmlioit,  tic,  aiul  SttU  ^»  l^ork. 

Thia  agreement  (contract,  ur  mamorandum),  made 
thia  —  day  of  ^—,  between  A.  B.,  author J«r  in- 
ventor, etc.), of ——.of  the  one  part, and  C.  D.  and 
B.  r.  (hcrainoikercaftad  D.  ft  r.),  publiehera  of—, 
of  the  other  part,  witnaaaath  t 

That  aaid  A.  B.  ahall,  on  or  before  the  —  day 
of  —  neat,  compile,  edit,  and  write  a  work,  to 

be  entitled ,  together  with  a  comprehe^aiva 

and  full  Index  and  table  of  caaaa  thereto,  and  cor- 
rect and  revlae  the  preof-eheeta  of  the  aama. 

That  aaid  A.  B.  ahall  aetl,  aaaign,  tranafer.  and 
aet  aver  unto  eatd  D.  A  P.  hla  copyright,  and  all 
hia  Utia  and  Intareat  in  and  righta  under  the  earae 
unto  aaid  D.  A.  P.  for  tha  aum'  hereinafter  men- 
tioned. 

That  aald  A.  B.  afcaO  Aava  —  eeplee  of  aald 
work  tiroe  of  charge< 

That  aaid  D.  AT.,  and  their  legal  rapreeente- 
ttvaa,  ahatt  fvlM  aa*  iMibUch,  u«  Wr  ell  the 


chargee  add  eapenaea  of  prlatlac,  pnMlahlaf ,  ad. 
vertialng.  and  eelUiig  aaid  work,  and  pay  to  aal4 
A.  B.  for  hie  aald  copyright,  Intareat,  title,  aa4 
right  the  aum  of  —  diailarii,  ea  the  day  of  pubil- 
cation  of  the  aame. 

In  witneee  whereof,  aaid  partlee  have  hereunto 
aet  their  handa  the day  of .         A.  B. 

WItneaeee,  W.  T.  N.  g.  D.  A  P. 

Acr««Miia«,  <?•■«•«••.  Ar  M«M«rMMliiiii. 

Thie  agreement  (CMiliaei,  «r  ■aamoramlum),  mada 

thia day  of ,  between  A.  B.  of ,  and 

C.  D.,  of — -,  witaeeeeth  t 

That  aald  C.  D.  ahall,  at  hla  own  eapenee  and 
rlak,  publlah  a  work  entitled . 

That  aaid  C.  D.,  alter  deducting  from  the  pro- 
duce of  the  eale  thereof  the  ehargaa  for  plataa, 
printing,  paper,  kdvettieementa,  embelUahmenia, 
cuu,etc. ,  and  ether  Incidental  eapeaaee,  Including 

the  allowance  of per  cent,  of  the  greea  emouni 

of  eale,  fbr  cemmlaalen  and  riab  of  bad  debta, 
ahall  divide  the  proAta  reoaalnlag  of  each  and 
every  edition  that  ahall  be  printia  of  the  work 
into  two  eouel  porta,  one  moMty  to  be  paid  t«  aaid 
A.  B.  and  the  other  moiety  to  be  retalaed  by  aeld 
C  O. 

That  all  booka  aeld  ahall  be  aecouated  for  at  tha 
wheleeala  («r  rauil)  trade  price,  unleae  it  be  advl- 
aable  to  dlopoee  of  any  at  a  leea  price,  which  ahall 
be  left  to  the  Judgment  and  dieeretlon  of  aald  C. 
D^ondue  notice  to  eald  A.  B. 

That coplaa  of  aaid  work  ahall  be  preeeatad 

to  aaid  A.  B.  upon  publleation,  Ikee  of  charge.^ 

In  wltneae  whereof,  aaid  partlea  have  hdreunto 
aet  their  handa,  the  day  and  y«»r  above  written. 

WItneaaee.  W.  T.,  N.  t.  c'  xi. 

mU  OMctvaM,  mt  Mmmmwwmlkmm, 

T»  Ctrrtet,  EnUrgi,  trnd  Rnitt  m  Ifork. 

Thia  agreement  (coairaci,«r  oMmoranduaa),  be- 
tween A.  B.,  of  — — t  and  CD. ,  publiaher,  of — , 
wltneaeetht 

That  A.  B.,  In  eonolderatlon  of  the  aom  of — 
dollara,  to  be  paid  aa  aeon  aa  the  laat  proof  aheeta 
of  the  work  hereinafter  menHoned  are  corrected 
far  preae,  agreea  to  eaamlne,  correct,  ealarge.  and 
revlae  the  work  known  aa  — ,  and  to  fnrnlali  ad- 
ditioaal  manuacript  matter  for  a  new  edition  of 
eald  work,  and  to  eaamlne,  correct,  enlarge,  and 
rwirlae  the  index  of  the  aame. 

That  the  new  edltioa  of  aald  work  ahaU  be  of 
the  came  pagea  aa  the  preaant  work,  and  contain 
an  equal  amount  of  matter  on  each  page. 

That  the  additional  matter  Itemiahed  ahall  en- 
hi<me  eald  work  not  lean  than  — —  pagea. 

That  aald  matter  ahall  be  ftamlMied  to  C.  D.  at 
not  leea  than  —  pagea  per  day,  commencing  on 
the  — —  Inetant. 

That  aaid  A.  B.  ahall  eaamlne  and  correct  all 
proof  ahacta  aa  aeon  aa  they  ahall  bo  fiirnlahed. 

That  aald  C  D.  ahall  complete  the  Indea  within 
a  reaaonable  time  (not  to  eaceed  — )  after  tha 
whole  algnaturea  of  the  teat  ahall  be  ready  far 
him  for  that  purpoae. 

That  aald  C.  D.  ahall  print  naM  work  aa  tha 
matter  ahall  be  aupptied.  and  provide  eald  A.  B. 
with  proolli  of  the  aame  by  aunaturae  aa  eacli 
aignature  ahall  ba  worked  off,  for  the  purpoee  of 
arranging  aaid  Indaa. 

That  aaid  C  D.  ahall  ftamiah  aaM  A.  B.  with 
— —  l>ound  ceplea  of  aaid  work  aa  oooa  aa  coava- 
ttiant  after  puMlcation.  > 

In  witneaa  whereof,  aald  partlea  have  hereunte 
aet  their  handa.  thia day  of A.  B. 

Wltneeaee,  W.  T.,  N.  S.  C.  D. 

Avrocimmt,  €«■!■««<«  •»  M»iwAaA«i»». 

Thia  agreement  (contract,  #r  memoranduaa),  mada 

thia day  of ,  between  A.  B.,  of ^author 

of  — -,  of  the  one  part,  and  &  D.  and  B.  P.  (hare- 
iiiaftsr  called  D.  &  F.),  publlaheia,  of  tlie  other 
part,  witneeaeth  s 

That  aaid  A.  B.  ahaU  ftally  prepare  the  whole 
of  aaid  work  for  the  preae  on  or  before  the  — 
day  of  — ,  and  ahall  correct  the  proof  ahaete,  and 
auperintend  the  printing  thereol; 

•-SC.  AP.d.  il-aSVea. 4)7}aaea  Ceopae^CH. 
aid.    ^-SeaiCAJ.a;!. 


m  ot  pH«(l«c<  P«MlaMaff  •  a**- 
I  MM  work,  and  pay  to  mi4 
lopyrlf  ht,  inwrmt,  tltla,  and 
dollara,  oa  th«  day  mt  publi- 

f.  Mid  partiM  bava  haraunto 

—  day  of A.  i. 

N.  S.  D.  i  P. 

tMM«.«r  HMMVPMMllilN. 
>  S»U  t/pim  M»(f  /V»/(/. 
»Alraei,  »r  aamoniMlum),  mad* 

,  batwaan  A.  B.  of ,  and 

•athi 

all,  at  hia  owo  aipanaa  and 

antltlad 

tar  daducUng  from  tha  pro- 
vaof  tlio  eliarf  ta  for  platti, 
rttaoManta,  ambalUahmanM, 
widanul  aapoaaM,  lMlil4ln( 
par  cant,  of  Uta  noaa  amount 
ion  and  riak  of  bod  dabii, 
•u  romolainc  of  aaah  and 
lall  ba  printai  of  Uia  work 
ona  moioty  to  bo  poM  to  Mid 
iiotaty  to  M  rotalaad  by  Mid 

■hall  ba  oecoantod  for  at  tht 
rada  prica,  onlaM  It  ba  odvl- 
ly  at  a  laM  pHea,  which  ahall 
at  and  dtaaraUon  of  aold  C. 
■•MA.  B. 

Mid  work  ahall  ba  praaoatad 
ibUaotioii.  flrao  of  ebarga.< 
r.aald  partlea  hava  h^unta 
lay  and  y«ar  abovo  writtan. 

Aa   B* 

N.  t.  C.  D. 

MMt,  VW  MCMMWMIaM. 
\r$«,  and  Ktvim  »  Work. 
nnincl^r  aMmoniMluaO,  ba- 
and  CD. ,  pubUahar,  of , 

Maratkw  of  tha  aom  of — 

aoon  aa  tha  laat  proof  ahaat* 

lar  maotionad  aro  conroctad 

lamino,  corraat.  aalorgo.  and 

f  •  aa  — — ,  and  to  fantbh  ad- 

mattar  for  a  now  adMon  of 

amlna,  aonoct,  aalarga,  and 

laaame. 

>a  of  aald  work  ahaU  bo  of 

•  proMnt  work,  and  contain 

nattar  oa  aach  paca. 

I  mattar  Itomlaliad  ahall  an- 

■M  than  —  pacaa. 

laU  ba  (tomlakaa  to  C.  D.  at 

;m  par  day,  eommancing  on 

all  amualDO  and  corract  all 
M  thay  ahall  ba  ftirniahad. 
U  comploto  tho  Indaa  within 
Mic  to  aacaad  — )  alter  the 
tha  toat  ahall  ba  raady  for 

tail  print  aaM  work  ••  tha 
lied,  and  provlda  Mid  A.  B. 
lama  by  awnaturaa  aa  aaeh 
irkad  off,  for  tha  purpoM  of 

lall  ftimiah  mM  A.  B.  with 
Mid  work  aa  aoon  aa  convt- 
n.  • 

',  aaid  partiM  hava  haraunto 

—  day  of A.  B. 

N.  ■.  C.  D. 


nMt,«rH« 

nlrect,  «r  mcmonndun),  mad* 
•tWMn  A.  B. ,  of  ^—.author 
rt,  and  C.  D.  and  B.  P.  (here- 
},  pubUahofO,  of  tlia  other 

an  ftiUy  propara  tha  whol* 
prcM  on  or  bafero  tho  — 
eorract  tho  proof  ahaato,  and 
ingtharaof. 

Vw.  417}  awa  Coma'aCa*. 


COPYRIGHT. 


""•?*..*!  ••♦?»••«•••  "n^l  aorracttona  of  tho 
-oof  ahaan  and  raviaaa  which  ahall  aacaad  tha 


•"yi'-'l— ,|^^«^^{^h.li  b.  barni 
—  tha  proflta. 

!i?/"i"*  V****  •'  !•'••  ^•'•''a  ahall 
J^WjDir.and  a_Mcond_or  any  aubM- 


ind  paid  by  Mil 
of  hla  ahar*  of  tha  pr 
I  tha 


_  *ha7*  7f?ha---'--""  •■'■■•  -  *•*"•'•*  •"» 
That  in  caa* 

Ij.':t'5[r.i:n'",f-i;idb.:r.ran"b;%sj,,;'n'; 

A*  pabtic  tha  .aid  A.  B.  ahall  maka  ill  thVn*'! 
JirTf?'*  ••?K*?."*  ,•"••  •i'«'«o"a  tharato.  and 
uld  O.  *  P.  ahall  print  and  publlah  Mid  aacood 
■nd  avary  aubaaquani  edition  of  Mid  hoohupoo 
th*  eondltlona  harain  contained.  ' 

That  Mid  D.«  P.  ahall  direct  tha  mode  of  priat- 
inc  Mid  book,  and^  ahall  bear  and  pay  afltha 
chargae  thereof,  and  of  pubHahlng  tha  aame  (•"' 
c«|M  M  hetjin  oih«r»lM  providwi),  and  ahall  toka  all 
"'iw'*'.''  •LHy  e«»iM«at«OB  upon  thameelvaa" 
.,.^'!  •*!*  •*.  A'-  ahall.  aut  of  the  proeaeda  of 
uUiS'-'ii  V^  ^  '"  '}•  ""*  •"••ancarbi  re- 

•wr  '-•-i^r.'.^i.j.-nYTSi'Ki'k':  r.? 
iiMoi'ariS'ttSWp.'^"'"' '•''"•*  •^- 

That  accouMa  ahaU  ba  made  up  at  the  end  of 
every qnartar(#r*la  fflonil»,«r  ytart.and  tha  orof- 
ltOrany.be  then  divided.  ■«  we  proi 

.jL!'i*_!f™.PL* /-•  •*•'•  •««»«".»>t  for  all  the 


DiCTlovAkiM.  In  dlclionartaa  there  may 
be  a  ceruin  dcKree  of  tkill  rihlbiie<l  ai  to  or- 
der  and  arrangement,  or  intfenuity  eihibiled  in 
«h«  leleclion  of  phra*««  and  illuiirationi,  which 
are  the  beit  exponenu  of  the  ien»e  in  which  a 
word  ii  to  be  used ;  there  may  alio  be  great  la- 
bor in  the  logical  deduction  and  arrangemeiM 
of  the  word  in  its  different  tentei,  when  the  tente 
of  the  word  departed  from  it«  primary  lignifi- 
cation.    On  the  other  hand  there  ii  a  large 


"rhtl  i?*J2t'.'.  tlt^  f"  ••/•  o»  tWm'e.** 
^".."r".?***  ?"  *l>*  c'Plaaof  any  edition  of  Mid 
work  ahall  not  be  aoM  within  — ■  yearaafter  tha 
time  of  Aelr  publication,  tha  aal/o.  •  r  Ihal" 
b*  at  ftill  liberty  to  diapoM  of  tha  ramilrHng 

vate  contract,  or  in  ouch  manner  m  they  may 

sr.^y'^M'sj'.Sia'?"  '^^  •«•""» --^K 

In—' - 


Corv—DBnNiTiON  or,  rrc.  A  iwpy  (of  an 
engraving  cut,  print,  photograph,  painting, 
drawing,  chromo,  etc.,  etc.)  it  that  which  coma 
w  near  to  the  original  as  to  give  every  perwrn 
weing  it  the  idea  created  hf  the  original.* 
Trifling  variations  are  not  material,'  whether 
reduced  to  the  sice  of  an  engraving,  or  still 
more  diminished  in  a  photograph,"  or  enlarged 
to  a  painted  dioramic  copy.*  It  is  for  the  jury 
to  con^der  whether  the  main  design  of  the 
plaintirs  engraving  had  been  copied,  and 
whether  the  defendant's  engraving  was  sub- 
stantially a  comr  of  the  plaintiff's. 

Copyist*.  The  mere  <;opyist,  or  the  slavish 
imitator,  who  produces  old  materials  substan- 
iially  in  their  own  forms,  without  new  combina- 
tion,is  entitled  tono  protection  nndertheslatute  • 

Ckiminal  Publications.  "  No  author  or 
printer  who  fsirly  and  conscientiously  promul- 
Rites  opinions,  with  whose  truth  he  is  im- 
pressed, for  the  benefit  of  others,  is  answerable 
as  a  criminal.  A  malicious  and  mischievous 
intention  is,  in  such  a  case,  the  broad  boundary 
iHitween  right  and  wrong:  it  is  to  be  collected 
from  the  offensive  levity,  scurrilous  and  oppro- 
hrious  iMiguage,  and  other  circumstances, 
wlieiher  tb«  act  of  the  p«ty  was  malicious."* 

Delay.  If  any  delay  occurs  in  the  assertion 
01  the  title  to  txmyri^t  infringed,  the  delay 
must  be  accoonted  for  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
court!  otherwise,  no  auistance  will  be  given 


mass  of  words  that  admit  of  only  one  occe|)tn. 
tion,  and  can  be  translated  only  one  way,  and 
the  large  mas*  of  dictionaries  arc  composed  of 
wonis  of  that  description  ;  hence  the  new  dic- 
tionary must,  of  necessity,  contain  much  of  the 
Information  and  the  results  obtained  from  its 
predecesson.'  Where  words  are  of  such  a 
naiiire  that  the  information  contained  in  them 
inust  of  necessity,  if  it  be  correct,  be  exactly 
the  some  in  both,  the  test  frequently  applied  by 
the  courts  to  determine  whether  the  second  is  a 
mere  nnlaborious  production  of  the  first,  or  has 
been  compiled  by  original  effort  from  common 
sources,  is  this  (— to  examine  the  inaccuracies 
which  a[^ar  in  both  works,  and  see  whether 
they  are  identical ;  if  so,  the  inference  of  piracy 
is  almost  invariably  drawn.r 

See  Calbndam,  Couht  Guides,  rrc„  etc. 
above;  DiitiCTORin,  below. 

piGim,rrc.  The  digest  of  a  report  usually 
incliided  in  and  known  as  the  head  note  U  a 
species  of  property  that  will  receive  protection. 
The  head  note,  or  the  side  or  marginal  note  of 
a  report  is  a  thing  upon  which  much  skill  and 
*."/"''5'.  *(  "»o"8n»  »  required  s  it  may  be  con- 
sidered in  Itself  a  species  of  brief  and  condensed 
report—an  abstract  of  the  decision  conveying 
the  principle  upon  which  it  is  founded,  and  the 
pith  and  substance  of  the  case.> 

The  right  of  selecting  passages  from  books 
of  reports  (including  entire  Judgments)  in  trea- 
tises upon  particular  subjecU  (i  not  disputed. 
Had  It  been,  the  greater  part  of  our  law  libra- 
ries would  be  much  thinned,  and  we  deprived 
of  inany  valuable  works,  as  a  great  portior. 
consisu  of  mere  trantcripU  from  booV<  of  rs- 
ports.'    See  Compilation,  ktc.,  above. 

Digests  of  legal  decisions  ase  somewhat  of 
the  nature  of  abridgments.  They  give,  under 
headings  arranged  aljJhabeticallv,  .  summary 
of  the  legal  poinu  decided  in  each  case  referred 
to,  and  if  such  arrangement  and  summary  are 
the  product  of  skill  and  mental  labor  on  the 
part  of  the  compiler,  and  the  compiler  is  guilty 
of  no  tnfiringement  of  the  copyright  in  the  puli 
ished  reports,  he  is  entitled  to  a  copyright  j  but 
if  the  compiler's  labor  is  purely  mechanical,  and 
he  only  arranges  in  alphabetical  order  the  mar- 
ginal or  head  notes  of  cases  contained  in  pub- 
lished repoits,  he  is  guilty  of  infringinjt  the 
copyright  in  such  repons.^ 

I  -^  ,-L  "^  analogous  patent 
I  *«Ch  ;  «KaY,4ia.4i7:L. 
'2'£»>ancellor*'olKl"«W  R. 


I  initiTwiiiiifiiwirum 


CX)PYR10HT. 


"A  difwrtt  vndoubledlf ,  mty  Im  made  from 
(h«  pubfuhad  rc^ioru  without  ncccM«rilv  tub- 

(acting  the  compilar  to  lh«  charge  of  piracy ; 
or  inttancc,  where  tha  party  appTic*  (he  exer- 
tion and  (kill  of  hit  own  brain  in  axtraciing 
the  principal  or  tha  nubatance  of  tha  deciiioni 
before  him,  dresxitiK  it  up  in  hi*  own  lan||unge, 
ao  a*  to  produce  an  original  work,  not  a  mere 
atringing  louether  of  morginal  or  tide  tioten 
which  the  laiKir  and  inlelligcnca  of  the  auihon 
iMva  fathionr<i  ready  to  the  compitcr't  hand."* 

DiiicroKiiu,  Gutui  Bot>Ks,  Hapi,  etc. 
In  tha  ca»a  of  a  directory,  dictionary,  guide- 
Ixxik,  map,  or  the  like,  where  there  are  certain 
common  object*  of  information,  which  muM,  If 
described  correctly,  be  deicribed  in  the  tama 
word*,  a  «ub*ec|uent  compiler  la  bound  to  act 
about  doing  for  himself  that  which  the  fint 
compiler  haa  dona.  Tha  compiler  may  not  cut 
out  all|)a  from  the  formar  work  and  go  and  aea 
whether  they  are  accurate,  and  if  to,  copy  them 
verbatim  iuto  hi*  own  work,  but  he  la  auite 
jutitlied  in  referring  to  tha  former  book  in 
order  to  guide  himaelf  to  paiioni  oil  whom  it 
would  be  worth  while  to  call.' 

DivitimuTV,  ETC.,  «»r  Cupvkiuht.  Copy- 
right it  not  diviatbla,*  though  the  term'  may 
b«  divided.! 

ENOtAViNOa,  ETC.  Where  tha  aubjact  from 
which  tha  engnving  ia  taken  ia  common  and 
open  to  all,  IM  fint  engraver  of  a  print  of  it  ia 
not  entitled  to  rtatrain  any  one  eha  from  mak- 
ing an  engraving  of  tha  »a^e  tulijact,  provided 
it  be  made  from  tha  original  aubject  and  ia  not 
a  copy  of  tha  fiiM  engraving;  but  ha  can  pre- 
vent another  from  copying  hla  own  engraving.' 

Execution.  Comright  in  a  publiabed  piint 
ia  not  the  aubject  of  aeiaura  oraala  by  execu- 
tion, although  it  may  ba  reached  by  crcditora' 
bill,  and  applied  to  tha  payment  of  tha  debts 
of  the  author.'  But  in  ca*a  of  tuch  a  remedy 
it  would  be  neceasarv  fee  the  cotirt  to  enforce 
a  tranafer  to  the  purchaaer  in  conforaiity  with 
the  re<iuirementa  of  the  copyright  act  in  order 
to  invest  such  purchaser  wUh  a  compiate  title 
to  the  propertyJ 

Whether  this  right  esfends  to  tha  publishing 
an  unpublished  work  of  an  author,  or  other- 
wise making  the  aame  available,  is  very  doubt- 
fttl.» 

A  manuscript'  in  the  author's  hands,  or  a 
hook  half-printed,  or  in  the  process  of  publica- 
tion," cannot  Im  taken  in  assignment  or  cxa- 
ctttion. 

See  AuiONMBNT,  above. 

GiATUiTous  Distribution.  A  multiplica- 
tion of  copies  for  the  purpose  of  gratuitous 
distribution  is  as  much  an  infringement  of  the 
proorietor's  copyright  as  if  iIm  multi|dication 
had  Ixen  made  for  the  purpose  of  pecuniary 
profit.* 

C-j  V«.  wa.    4|-Law  Rm.  s  CM.  App.  *«• :  a*  L.  T. 

19L.T.  (k  S.)SSB    •■4  Ha.  t:ca*.tis.    r-«C/B. 

i-M  Ham.  V.  S.  %t».  J-77  Haw.  (Tk.M.  USf  4 
BtHT.  *3<ii  Arebl.  <9S:  lo  Mod.  jit.  iHtll  Conm. 
it;  4  Airr.  ajii,  »if6,  ajni  Uedim  Pal.  ft  Cop.  (1 


loNOKANC*.  Copyright  la  like  patent  lu  thli 
respect,  that  if  It  it  lnirini{ed  ignorance  will  not 
avail  aa  a  defence  iu  the  one  coaa  any  more 
than  in  the  other.* 

Immoral  ot  LitBLixius  Works.  The 
law  will  not  assist  one  in  the  recovery  of  le- 
munaralion  for  hta  lal>or  on  such  works.* 

iMPuaTATinN.  C'o|>yrmhi  mav  lie  infringe<l 
by  the  importaiioa  fur  tale  or  hire  of  eupio 
printed  abroad. 

iiirMii«iBHKimi  •¥  rorruMMur. 

Copvright  may  be  invaded  iS 

I.  By  repnnting  tha  whole  work  verbatim. 

a.  By  reprinting  a  part  of  a  work  verbaiim. 

3.  By  iraiuiing  the  whole  or  a  narl,  ur  by 
repriHiucing  the  whole  or  a  part  with  coiotable 
alturatlorit. 

4.  By  rcpmdncing  the  whole  or  a  put  uodar 
an  abridged  form. 

5.  By  reprouucing  the  whole  or  a  part  under 
the  form  of  a  translation. 

CoPYiNu,  ENiiRAviNn,  Etchino,  Import- 
ing, Pbiwtino.  Puhi.ishino,  8E1.UN0,  Vary- 
iNO,  WoRKiNO,  KTi:.,  up  Copyright  Matter, 
without  Consent  op  Propriitor  iif  Writ- 
ing sioNED  IN  Presence  op  two  ok  more 
Witness  Ks. 

8«e.  49^.  If  any  pcrMm,  Rftmr  tlM  rt- 
cordinc  or  tha  tltl*  of  any  owp,  chart, 
muaical  eomposttioii,  print,  cut,  ancrav- 
ing ,  photograph,  or  chromo,  or  of  tha  4«- 
acription  of  any  paintiac,  4rawlnc,  atatua, 
autuanr,  or  modal  or  daalaa  Intaadrd  to 
ba  parnctad  and  axacatad  aa  a  work  of 
tha  Ana  arta,  aa  piwHdad  by  tbia  ahaptar, 
ahall,  within  tha  Urm  limitad,  and  witbaut 
tba  eooaant  of  tha  pwprlatot  of  tha  aoey- 
right  firat  obtainad  In  writlaff,  alflMd  ia 


praaaaca  of  two  or 

Kiva,  atah,  nwrk,  eopjr,  print,  pnbUah,  or 
port,  aithar  in  whoU  or  ia  pait«  or  by 
varying  the  main  design  with  inlMit  to  avade 
.be  law.  or,  knowing  tha  aaaia  to  ba  to  printed, 
published,  or  imported,  shall  aail  9t  ospoaa 
to  aala  any  copy  of  auch  nap  or  other 
artleia,  aa  afiMniaald,  ba  ahaU  fcrftlt  lo  tha 
piopriator  all  tba  plataa  naon  vdUnb  tha 
aama  abaU  ba  copiad,  and  avaiy  abaat 
thcraof,  either  copied  pt  printed,  tad  shall 
further  forfeit  ona  dollar  tu  avaty  ibcft  of 
tha  aatao  fbund  in  hla  poaaaMkni,  eMher 
printing,  nrintcd,  copied,  publislied,  imported, 
or  esposed  for  sale;  and  ui  aaaaof  a  paiat- 
inf,  atatoa.  or  RUtuaty,  ha  ahall  forfeit 
ten  doUara  iar  every  co^r  of  tha  aama  ia 
hia  poaMealon.or  l>v  him  sold  orop«eed  for 
sole;  one-half  thereof  to  tha  praprieiar  and  the 
other  hair  lo  the  use  of  tha  United  SMIee.' 

The  ibrfeitare  or  penalty  provided  Cor  by  this 
sectfcm  mav  be  enforced  1^  action  under  Ibis 
section  in  tiie  circuit  or  district  court  under  the 
Carlls  Copyrii^i,  Rs, 


!M)43o 
Liisrtry 
S«s.Ca*.(i 


ail. 


rs 


M».  •-ShyrtJ.js:  Curtis.  <Si.  9.  r^UwfUTI.rtn 
July  «,  Vol.  16,  Ch  »»,|  no.a.ti4.,R*«.jfM-f4: 
u'i'L'-  ^y '  *•'•'"•  "»•  •  "«««"^  »>  1*  hi  i 


^ 


emmtiimmesstimsK'mmsssmimmimsnmmmmmmmmss.-i^mtmtisimmasi 


niffM  b  like  pirtMit  i*  Ihli 
ilriiiffCfl  ignorance  will  not 
III  ln«  UN*  CM«  Mjr  more 

IKLIX>i;t     WoaRi.      The 
>ns  in  lh«  recovtry  of  ft- 
lior  on  tuch  worki.' 
ofiyriKht  mav  Iw  lnrrinKe<l 
fur  mU  or  nir«  of  Qo^titt 

ra  mw  ronrmmuv. 

invxlml  !< 

ha  whola  work  varlMlim. 
part  of  a  work  vtrbaum. 
«  whot«  or  t  pari,  ur  by 
l«  or  «  put  wiln  coloisblc 

the  whole  or  •  ptit  under 

:  (he  whol*  or  •  part  andcr 

iion. 

v'lNn,  Etching,  Immkt- 

I  IIMINO,  8E1.UN0,  VAKV- 

,  ur  CopYRiOHT  Mattu, 
urPKumntw  iitWaiT- 
LtBNC*  or  TWO  Oft  Moai 

Y  parson,  aflar  Um  ta- 
:1a  of  any  map,  chart, 
on,  print,  cut,  ancrav* 
r  chiomo,  or  of  Um  4a- 
intlnc,  drawioff,  outua, 
or  doaign  intMM><'d  to 
•sacatod  M  a  work  of 
■widad  hy  thia  a kMtar, 
im  limitad,  aad  witlwut 
proprlator  of  tha  aovjr- 
d  la  writiag,  alcmd  la 
at  BMT*  wjiaaaao*,  oa» 
eopjr,  print,  pvbUali.  or 
arbola  or  la  part,  or  bjr 
Biign  wkh  iMnt  to  avade 
tha  Muna  to  ba  to  pilMtad, 
td,  alMll  aoU  ar  aapoot 
of  tiicli  map  ar  aiktr 
d,lMahantor«kltiotlM 
plataa  aaoa  artyali  tha 
ip(Ml,  aad  avwp  abMt 
led  pt  priBtad,  aad  klull 
loUar  l»r  ovaijr  thaM  of 
a  hla  pooaaaalao,  akher 
ipitd,  jpiiblielied,  imported, 
aad  w  aaaa  of  a  paint- 
atuaiy,  ba  ahall  fotfUt 
ity  KOfy  of  tho  Muna  ia 
by  hin  eold  oraipgacd  for 
M  to  thcproprialor  and  Ibc 
of  iIm  Unit«d  9Wtaa.' 
lenalty  provided  tot  hjr  this 
irccd  bjr  action  andar  tbit 
or  dbirict  court  aader  the 
rritbi,  (s,  ail.    Ba.Met^liia 

tit,  ai.9.   'r-UwArl' itf^ 


COPYRIGHT. 


nte*  of  practlea  nf  the  8ta(«  wbertin  the  for 
(•ilure  or  iwnally  l<i  bought  to  lie  •nrorctd. 

The  penally  for  an  intringement  of  copyright 
in  tngravings  majM.  chartt,  and  iilher  lubjacU 
«el  forth  III  lhi<  Mtciion,  u  only  recoverable 
wiihin  two  year*.*  Rul  every  (litiincl  act  uf 
|irtntin(  lor  ule  it  .1  new  infraction  for  the  pur- 
pose of  the  limitation 

iMPnariNo,  HKiNTtNo,  ThiiiLitHiNii,  Sill- 
tNu,  KTC.or  CorvRKiHr  Mai  ma,  wirHuur 
ma  ComaNf  ur  I'tturaiKioa.  in  WaiiiNu 

^KiNBU  IN    I'aMKNCK  ur   IWU  UR  MURK  Wll'- 

NMSU. 

Sec.  4904.  Bvarv  paraon  who.  after  tha 
recording  of  tha  tltlo  uf  any  booh  aa  pro- 
vided by  thIa  chapiar,  ahall  within  the  term 
liniied,  aii<l  without  tha  eonaant  of  tha 
proprlaior  of  tha  copytifht  llrat  obtained 
in  wriiinf ,  aif  nad  in  praaanca  of  iwo  or 
mora  witnaaaaa,  print,  publiah,  or  import, 
or,  knowing  the  aaiiie  to  b«  lo  printnl,  (luli- 
lithed,  or  inipoHed,  ihall  aell  or  aapoaa  to 
•ala  any  copy  of  auch  book,  ahall  forfeit 
everv  copy  tharaof  to  auch  proprietor,  and 
•hall  alao  foKelt  and  pay  auch  dantagoa 
ai  may  ba  racovarad  In  a  civil  action  by 
luch  proprietor  in  any  court  of  ciinipetent 
juritdictioii.* 

"Any  eony  of  luch  boiik  "  under  (hit  lection 
may  ba  undentood  to  mean  a  tranicript  or  cupy 
of  the  entire  book,  and  no  leu,*  and  count 
will  only  adjudge  such  Mnalty  for  the  copiea 
found  in  the  paaaetaion  ol  the  defendant.* 

Whera  an*  wrong  haa  been  committed  in  re- 
tpect  to  a  literary  work,  and  the  complainant 
doe*  not  aak  for  an  injunction  to  protect  hit 
commoo  law  right*,  or  the  violation  of  hia  copy- 
right, bat  only  pray*  for  an  accounting,  th«  re- 
(ircM  mmt  ba  lought  at  law  for  damage*,  and 
not  in  equity.  Tha  aaking  of  an  injunction  i* 
what  conatitutct  the  procc«a  equitable.* 

Publicly  PsavoRMiNa  or  RRrkuiNnNo 
Dramatic  CoMruairioN,  rrc.,  wiTHoirr  Con- 
sent or  PRorRirroR. 

See.  49M.  Any  paraon  publicly  par- 
•Brmiafe  or  rapraaantinc  any  drataatic 
eompoaitioa  for  which  a  copyright  has 
baan  obuinad,  without  tha  canacnt  of  tha 
pronriator  thar«>f.  or  hi*  heira  or  ••sign*, 
■hall  ba  Uabla  lor  damagaa  tharafor; 
tuch  damagea  in  all  cases  to  be  aaaesaed  at  such 
sum,  not  leas  than  one  hundred  dollars  for  tl>e 
fint,  and  liAy  dollars  for  every  snbscquent  per- 
formanct,  aa  lo  tha  Qoort  shall  appear  to  be 
ja»t« 

A  pravioitt  acting  or  representing  a  |4ay  will 
not  deprive  tha  author  of  the  right  afterward  to 
take  out  a  oopyright.r 

An  action  may  lie  maintained  by  the  author, 

slthough  ha  or  his  assignee  has  only  filed  his 

b-<Sm  I  ><m-mM,  pni  );  a  Uw  Rep.  41* i  «  W  L 

]om  !«•.    B-W  1  99,  Ray.  tUj;  4  l/ J  ^.  cii.ng 

jo«i  ,WffJk.k  Ml".  49T.  .  Si-ij  Momiuy  L.  Rep! 
Mj.  «T  Haw.  ill  I  iNrY.Li0l».ij«.;w.»Ww 
a.  iio>>ii.    B-Id.  I  ioi,  Rev.  iIm;  4  tS.itgU: 

|N.^)  4M.    a-ld.    a-Id.    14  Aat.T  Reg.  4.!; 


lille  page,  and  haa  nnt  pnMiahed  (ha  w«h  er 

pUv* 

An  ataignee  qf  an  ciclutive  right  of  per- 
fiirniing  a  dramatic  c<mi|iu«ilion  within  certain 
luiiit«  may  maintain  an  action  for  injunction 
lo  rrtlrain  iit  re|ire*eniati«i«  and  iwrformance 
wuh>n  luch  limiit,*  if  he  hat  ciini|ilied  with  all 
the  at»»  re()uircd  by  law  In  secure  a  coi^righi.* 

I'BINTINO      OR       PVBLISMINO     MANUSCRirT 

WITHOUT  Author's  or  I'RopBirruB's  Con. 

SKNt. 

>«c.  4p«7.  Every  paraon  who  ahall 
print  or  publiah  any  manuacript  whatever, 
without  the  eonaant  of  tha  author  or  pro. 
prietor  tiru  olxained  (if  tuch  author  or  pro- 
prietor is  a  citiicn  of  the  United  .Slate*,  or 
rcMdent  therein),  ahall  ba  liable  to  ih*  auth<  r 
or  |ir<tiiriei(>r  for  all  damagaa  tKcaahmad  by 
auch  ii^ury.* 

An  author  haa  a  common  law  right  in  lii* 
manutcript  until  he  rclinquiihea  it  Inr  conin.t  1 
or  tome  other  equivocal  act.*  And  a  surrt|x 
tiiiou*  publication  o(  an  important  part  of  n 
mant>«cri|)t  is  aa  muck  within  the  uaiuie  a*  if 
the  manuscript  were  cnninlvlc.  Indeed  th« 
whole  at  a  manutcript  need  not  be  printed.* 

Intention  to  Pirate.  Tha  existence  of 
an  ttnimmt  fitramdi  (intention  to  steal)  is 
deemed  ex—niial  to  piracy.'  This  «MiMMr  fit- 
rtintii  miu  not  be  understood  to  mean  a  de- 
lil>crate  design  to  *t«al  the  product  of  another's 
labor  and  surreptitioutly  arairo|iriate  it  lo  one's 
own  use  and  credit ;  the  offence  of  piracy  may 
lie  committed  bona  jidt,  with  no  dishonest  in- 
tention, and  without  k.nv  idea  on  the  part  of 
him  who  conimita  it  that  he  is  infringing  a 
copyright,  "  It  is  enough  that  the  poblicaiion 
complained  of  is  in  auUt-ince  a  copy  whereby 
the  work  vested  in  another  is  prejudiced.*  In 
a  book  of  avowrd  extracu  fi<>ni  the  poetical 
writingB  of  others,"  if  A.  takes  the  prtiperty  of 
B.  the  «N*wiw  fitrmnJi  is  inferred  from  the 
act.* 

Tha  cases  in  which  tba  mmitmut  J^rtrntHXtA 
properly  applies  is  that  dif(i>  ult  clnts  relating 
to  dicliooartes,  road  books,  hnd  the  like,  where 
a  certain  amount  of  common  material  is  used  by 
different  persons,  and  the  matter  at  issue  is 
"p».-      or  no  piracy."' 

Intestacy.  Where  tha  owner  of  cotmight 
in  any  published  or  unpublished  poduciion 
dies  intestate,  the  copyright  ia  such  production 
devolves  by  i^mration  of  law  upon  bis  exci  i  •  r 
or  administrator,  who,  as  such,  paesesscs  all  the 
rights  that  the  original  owner  enjoyedj 

Joint  Owners  of  a  Copyright  may  make 
a  contract  between  themtelvc*  aa  to  the  nrint- 
ing  and  publishing  of  a  work,  and  neithci  will 
ba  permuted  to  set  up  against  the  other  bis 

tgot^n  MoiuMir  L.  Rep.  fN.  S.) 4fi.    e-Id.  |  toe; 
Rev.  1873-74;  cilinf  I  Pu.  «57:  4  McUaa,  *aS:  *■ 
■S  McLean,  jft.  j« ;  *  " 


k*BMMllMiiMt> 


OOPVmOHT. 


■HgliMil  rtglN*  M  •  )alni  i>w»w  l«  viaUtkM  <d 
wcB  euMrMl.* 

LauAL  FniJM.  A  (Mnmti  tMlllMl  tooopf- 
rigtM  Iti  iwMrttal  femw  ui4  •lyl«  of  writ*  mm! 
iMtnmMiiu  lnir«iae«H  Iw  Mit  et  iIm  |«n«r«l 
MMmMy  or  l«gtolMar«.  Imm  mm  givinc  onhr 
ffmmni  <l«Mri|Ml«>«r<  of  ilM  farw*  lo  bo  «Md. 
•  II  hi  mM  iIwm  owing  to  lh«  partioiilar  noiura 
<i<f  iIm  MjtIm  llM]r  «MMl  bo  Hm  Mili^el  ol  cam- 
tight.  brtwMk  liwyw  dnrnm  up  pradMly  aAor 
iKa  form  prtMHIiMl  in  tiM  itaMo,  umI  bacMiM 
any  Mylot  n<«ltiig  W  iM  mum  lul^oett  m  t\tfm 
ffirw  bf  IN  onmnMMr  lOMl,  if  llM  diraoUoM 
nt  ih«  MalMM  Mid  fknmotttfSf  ^  oonvtyMMtn 
woro  mod,  b«  t«prtiM«  kr  mm  «mm  »wiwr 
tiMllv  M  lltoM  propCMd  :f  ih»  eowplalMr. 
Now  It  HMV  bt  Mito  tivv,  :*»(  if  ilw  MalMa 
hod  Mppltoa  Mmm  {mt.m  t  y  whkh  ibo  opors- 
ii9M  inUttdad  ts  bo  tlMnrvii/  rtgnlaiod  w«f«  lit 
bt  d«n«,  If  Iht  MM«t«  had  oovtAlnad,  u  MM- 
■Id*  tomMloMt  <io,  M  vfifmtM*  whlbtling  c«r- 
tain  Mhtd«l«a  of  hnm  wMeli  it  wm  only  vm- 
cooMrr  fer  ony  ont  M  eony  !■  ordor  lo  aV«il 
hiiMoif  of  Iho  iHwHoioM  or  ow  act,  ihon  I  hold 
Ihol  tht  rtprinmg  of  iwk  IbnM  In  •  Mparaio 
pnbtioalian  wmM  not  glr*  liln  •  oopyright  In 
llMMM  fo'wi  but  In  liM  MM  bora  kit dllKrrvnt, 
far  Um  r  ,.•"«•  M^  |lvM  MfT  gfneml  dlrt<:tt..n« 
tnd  doM»t|i4t<M«  Of  Um  it|V>«  thax  ara  to  ho 


I'ba  «e)ii«d«l«  an  Mry  gMMral  in  ihalr 
ttnm,  and  ll  la  no  donfat  of  grMi  pnM(i«al  Im- 
poftanM  lo  aaMdMM  ganarafdlraGtioas  to  aMh 
MM  Ullat  mdor  Um  MaUiM  ca  M  any  ariM. 
TIm  pmiannf  and  ad)Mting  vt  Muh  writing* 
r«|nirt  niucli  mm  and  wartMrn  of  mlod.  A* 
lo  InMnttoa,  llMt  la  a  dMfcrmi  lUi^i  It  dow 
not  nquin  Um  ourciM  of  stigliMl  or  eraatlvn 
ganina,  bat  H  laqnlrM  indaairy  and  knowU 
adfa.'^ 

urmau— Pbivati.  Tha  eopyriala  of  prt* 
vn't  lattar*  Ibnilag  litaraiy  OMpoainiMa  i*  In 
tka  eaa^po^av  and  not  in  mm  laoaltfari  who  hM 
only  a  apodal  arqpaftjr  in  ihaa.  ^roaaiblyUM 
pnpaitr  or  IH  papar  najr  briong  lo  kini.  bat 
iMa  MM  not  gtva  a  llciaii  lo  any  panon  what* 
HartopabUaa  Ikofi  to  ^m  wond,  far  at  awit 
kha  racwMT  hM  bM  a  ^at  prapofty  arMi  Iha 
wrlMr.'*'  •  

XMCwv  mnv  ^MMMMfraMMV  aani  axpMatty  or 
impHadfy  for  ipbHothn  tn  adiian  w  prapria- 
loia  of  tagat  poMiwHoiw  baaoMa  tka  praptrty 
of  aneh  oSlidr  Mf  pwpriaMM.  and  Mnnot  law- 
IM^  ba  pnbJMli^  any  odMr  pannn  obiaia. 
11^  pdiMtnott  OT  mMHi* 

unuMAiv  •»  vvmmmm. 

Sm  AanoNMKNT,  abovo)  KBQViaiTii,  Bie., 

taa. 4Mt.  ASfMOVda «id  oKhv iMag* 
NlaAlB(  to  oopjrriglMii  and  MiptlMd  by  law 

Caa.<Mltr,)n«.ill.rM.*f.iltff  Gmhm 


m   n«  |N«««i  f  ^1,  www    w  «iiv«v   miv  vmw 

of  IlM  Nkfarian  af  Coaifraaa,  and  kapi  i 
Maaar»a4  in  tM  Mivary  of  CoiigifaM  ] 

CM  lllwarian  of  CoogrMa  tlMll  hava  tiM 


to  ha  pMtarvaJ.  alMll  ba  nndar  iIm  eowtral 

and  kapi  and 
oufvaaa]  aiMl 
Coograaa  «ImII  hava  tiM  M- 
aiadJala  rara  toil  wtparylwoa  liMraof,  •nd, 
andar  iIm  ■uptrviMoo  of  iha  lotnt  conimitiM 
of  Congroai  on  ih«  library,  «Mil  parfwrm  all 
acta  ana  datlM  rai|atrad  by  law  leacbiag  aapy 

la«.  4Mfk  Tka  aanl  pwyldad  Ikv  Ika  af- 
■oa  of  no  llktartati  ol  Congrooo  ihail  b* 
tka  aaal  lliaraaf,  and  by  it  all  r*<»««fc>  ami  paptit 
iamad  f^oM  liia  oiica,  and  lo  Im  aaad  w  a«i 
danM,  tkall  ba  aathMtiaatad.* 

■oa.  4Maii  Tka  librarMn  of  C'ongiaai  (kaU 
giva  a  band,  a^k  toMiiaB,  to  iIm  ttaaaaiar  of 
ma  UaMod  Maiaa,  la  tka  mm  of  tva  tkeMUMl 
dollara,  wirk  tka  aanditton  ihM  ho  wtii  randar 
to  tka  pMiwr  o^aaw  of  ika  ItaaMry  a  traa  ac- 
coaM  af  m  Moooya  laaaivad  by  vm«m  af  hi* 


laa.  4fgi.  Tka  librarian  of  Congraa* 
laha  an  annnal  rapoti  lo  CongroM  of  tka  i 


thall 
nMha  aaJMnnal  rapoti  lo CongroM of  ika  naai- 
bar  and  daaeriptfcM  of  aopyiigkt  pablwaitoM 
for  wkiek  aMfJM  ^va  baon  OMda  daring  ika 
ya*r,« 

•ot.  4iit.  No  funrm  akatt  ko  aMMad 
lo  a  eopyrigkt  ^»1Nmo  ka  akatt.  i,  ba^jra 
puMlMtioa  doNvtr  al  iha  oilM  af  tka  ( 


af  Coafiaaa, «  daoMit  la  ika  laail  ad»aiai< 
lo  Ika  ttbMrian  ar  Coagiaaa,  al  Waoktaylon, 
Diatriel  of  Colamkit,  a  prttitad  copy  or  ih* 
lllia  af  tka  kook  or  atMr  aiticia,  «t  a  daacrip- 
lioa  of  Ika  paiatiag .  draartng,  eknaMb  alataa, 
•tainary,  m  modal  m  dkaton  Im  awarh  af  iha 
ana  atta«  vo/t  afkiak  ka  oaawM  a  ca^yrigM  \  imt 

ftoai  tka  ■iiMliailaii  Ikoioai;  dallMr  at  ih* 
af  Ika  MHriaa  of  Coa|Nia,or  dMMk 
tka  nramn  of  Coo- 


kitkanMil 
groaa,  al  Wi 
two  eoplM  of 


,  DSalrifll  of  CoNnnWa, 
aouyrigkl  koak  ot 


ariida,  ot,  ki  aaM  of  a  pauMMg,  dnwlac ,  iialaa, 
ataiaary,  Modd,  ot  daaign  fir  a  waai  of  Ika 
iba  arti,  a  BkolaMaBh  or  tto  aaaao.' 
■ot.  OMSTllfi  MiMian  af  Caacnai  akaM 


r. 


of  aaek  oopyrigkt  Iwaki  or 
oikOT  artlela.  failkwltfi  in  a  book  lo  ba  kaot  Ibr 
tkatjMrpaoa,ialkaw«da<ltallowkigi  "Lmary 
of  OmgiMO,  w  wkt  Bo  it  riiawkaMd.tkat 
on  iko— -dayaf  ——,——,  A.B.,af— — , 
kalk  dapoakadtaikiaoiMdMlllkorabaok 
rataa^  daut,  ot  oikatwiaa,  m  Ika  oaM  any 
bMr  JMWlpHea  of  tfM  ailkda).  ika  itik  or 
dMcrfpMon  of  wMdi  la  to  IM  Mlkoii^ 
woMihfariHtt  (koM  biaart  iko iMo orteMip 
■itaali'ika  tlate  nlMiaMf   ka  ekdiM  M  aadior 

\  OV  BVOpfMlOCy  M  hMI  CMM  WHKf  M|f 

jiM ia*MtM» -laj  •"aJL •}§!  A-M- 
rVaft  IT.  ft  B.  Mil  tdw.Clt.  Its:  } 


"*»,(.• 


.■-«>  mmxiBummemmm 


ammmtm 


II  ba  mm4ar  lb*  MMrot 

|TMa  titoll  k«««  tW  im 

n  ol  iIm  MUM  cwnmiiiM 
llbfMy,  «mII  pmhmt  til 

••I  pwirMa^  tar  llM  af- 
a  of  Cinn—  tiMll  b* 

ly  tl  all  HKOfda  «IMt  |Mp«l« 

t,  ami  to  ba  inhmI  w  t*i 

branaa  af  Caagiiai  «b«U 
Ntiaa,  i»  tba  ttawam  a( 
iba  «Mi  t4  tnt  tbiauM 
liliaa  tbM  ba  wtll  raadar 
of  Iba  Uaaaarjr  •  Iraa  ac- 
laaaivad  bjr  vtiMa  af  bi* 

brtrtaN  af  Ce>i|wi  tball 
rt  laConcfawof  Iba  naai 
af  ca^t^nttM  paUicaWoM 
M  bant  aMMhi  dartnt  iba 


H»m  alMll  ba  alHla4 

I,  b»^« 
Nbrntaa 


Im«  ba  alMlL  I,  hi^M* 
•  aTihaN 


at  W( 


iha 


MMr  aftida.  ar  a  daiefip- 
AniwbML  abfasMiL  ilalaa. 
'  doilga  Mr  •  warb  af  iba 
i4am»a 


M  Ihafwl.  <allaa»atiha 
■  Of  CaACNMi  ac  mbum 
I  10  lb*  ArairiM  af  Coa- 
a,  IXMiM  af  Cahmbia. 
aapjfrigbl  boab  or  oHmt 
kfmtiat,  4nwliif,  itahM. 
lo4pi  fir  a  trai  af  iba 
hTttai 


b  bi  a  boafclaba  by  far 
>dl4a«iBiwwnmi  "LHtMy 
I  Ba  it  >ianaibMai,»bat 

•  a«Ua  Om  tMa  af  a  baob 
ttvlM,  aa  tba 


rtlM  aitkda|,  Iba  tbfe  or 


di  io  la 
faaart  tba  tMa  ortearip 

Mtor,  aa  dM  eaia  aUf  Im)< 


OOPYRIOIIT. 


in  toNfiwaiity  wMh  Iba  bara  of  Iba  Uiilta«i  NlatM 
rnpteliMg  «o«rf4|lH«.  C.  I).,  I^Otrttrlan  ,rf 
('•MgraM.  *  AimI  ha  tliall  g<««  •  cofty  <rf  ih* 
ml*  m  tUm€tif*Um,  anricr  IM  mmI  of  ih<i  littra 
rtan  ot  Coagrmt,  in  tba  pnt|irtMur  «li«n«v«r  ha 
«kall  iM|alra  It.' 

"  IM.  Mfl.  Tba  Llbrariaa  el  Conf raaa 
aball  raoatva  from  ih«  yaraana  to  wham 
Iha  aarvlaaa  4aalffaaia4  ara  ran4ara4.  Iba 
Mtoarbif  Ibaa  >* 

"i.  Kar  r«rar<llng  ih«  itila  or  datwHfMton  of 
Wf  «<rflvr1gbl  booh  or  mhai  anlela,  AAf  cvnU 
••  a.  For  avMy  e<i|>y  undar  *«al  nf  Mch  ncimt 
actaally  alvan  Io  Iha  uantin  claiming  Iha  copy 
righl,  or  bia  aaaiga*.  Illty  cania. 

••  J.  for  racording  and  caniiying  any  inalni 
mant  of  wrHing  for  iha  aaalgnaMM  of  •  copy- 
right,  tm«  dollar. 

"4-  'ar  ovary  copy  of  an  aalcnataat.  oaa 
dollar. 

"All  fo«  aa  rtctivad  aball  bo  paid  Into  tba 
Iraaaarjr  of  Iba  Umiad  Sbuoa." 
•M.4M 


hi  al)  te«  aaab  aarMUMa  •!  M^yvialM 

•«l  -^  i)m  IiW.,u»  »I  C-mtgnm.  »huk  .ill  T« 

«•«  ««a  »i>a»|Mato  faptoa.  rMMMty, 

•r  .Hh.t  ••ih.b,  iwa  >ania6la  ••■ 

aailton  laatMd        ^^         ' 

wMh  Ilia  aMraM, 

USRARIAN  ur  CONONtll 


r  paMlaalhM  afttt,  W«nb 
•r  il«  b««l 


i-  Wllhln  %,» 
•'.'-'.'•'!  '•••!«'  •»<«•  ha ••al  la  iwtCii  Um  cuyy.igiH. 

'••NiMlTtHlTD    C. 

iL!?.**l!^  •***  '^^*  "**"§  k"-"*  '"J  Mk ,  am. 

«w<l  w  ••■ 

ar  aaiilaf 
MMltyaf 


«lMMaat<b<l 


«lMMaatft<i  «>nHgM,  u,  mmI  iK*m  by  « 

fcy  Iha  MiOm     Witkout  Iha  laoaaH 
ah>««  rmiliad  tk.  c«Mf  %»(  »  «W,  mhI  «  , 
twaM|r4«a  doUafala  laaiwrad. 
Ma  ca|>y  a  r»»ri>aa  ta  Im  di»waii«< 


rlgbt 


,  Tbapropriataraf  airoryeaay. 
M  atbar  aniala  abaU  4aUvar  at 


tba  allaa  af  Iha  Ubaartan  af  Ceagima.  ar 
fapaall  fai  iba  aiall   aMraaaad   la  tba 


■••••il      i] 

Ubrwtaa  af 
OlaiHatafCal 

Ita 


••  iMfVHMIfiOMl 


.  at  Waabiiigtan, 
I.  wllbta  laa  tfaya  aflar 
two   complata    pruitatf 
.  of  Iba  baat  adiiion  iaraad,  at 
ar  ybataawiyb  af  aaeb  artkto 
ro  rMMrad,  aa4  a  aam' af  avary 
aAlBa  wbarala  aajr  aabataa- 
t*«n  ba  iMda.» 
^    ,.     ,9brairarjffall«faaiitlMBaii 
of  Aa  paoffMat  af  aajr  cMMrrlabt  to  4a- 

"T?ftyJ'>".''"***^  ■wfl.aWMWof  tba 
p«Mt«ba«  wiyliiior  JaaarlpUoii. or  pbe- 


».-?*-**>»"■*"  •awJfcljjjIaaa  mxlaa  lagtvaa 


r^lf^. 


Hal 


torapb^n^wTby  na<«ioaa  4956  •»'«  49J* 
tba  rrafflMorof  tba  aonrrtglM  atiail  ba  UaUa 
te  a  vaMMv  af  Mraii^-lva  tfallara,  to  ha 


T»««ato«laM.jMai. 


tba  profflMerof  Iba  aonrrMit  afcail  ba  Ua 
ta  a  paMllgr  af  Mraii^-lva  tfallara,  to  aa 
rwwwra*  bjr  tba  Ubnukui  of  Congraaa.  \n  Iba 
MflMaf  tftaUabad  liMai.iaaa  acUoa  tniha 
naiara  of  aa  actkm  of  data,  la  aay  dinrlct 
eoan  of  Iha  Uabari  lialaa  witbin  iba  iariadic- 
lioa  of  »bl«b  Iba  tUiai|«aal  auiy  nrida  or  ba 


TMa 


g-'»*gyt^-y,«">«w»>a^^Sarra'7aK;a 


tmm 


%.  Aajr 


UKUftUN  orcoNaMss. 

wMaaraaioN.  0.  C. 
ha  «MM  baftf*  fahbnaao  af  dka  haoh  ar 


trSS^^^S^^A^i 


tti»tir«»teife!f,lrix 


riMirdid  la  JM^aea  a 

?acaid aniiMfdNfH l«  arw 
at.nr«Mqri«aaidair 


;2^^JStSgSSS>^ 


Wtii. 


COfYUOKT. 


! 


Mk««  mtt  »»»  •••»»  »•*•«»•  »•  !«••••#•  fc-"'*.  •»  •>••» 
>  •!  •  »««4iMl,  •«   ».»««f ,  M  M  •»*•.  ••••.  •»  ••• 

II.  T«  •*•<♦•••«•»?»»«•>•'«' •!>•""'"•  ••!••"•• 

w«fk  •!  I»«  •••  ••»•.  •"  ••  »••  »••♦•"•  '"f»'««»«»«H 
k«  Mtftrnn,  »»t"'''><m.'—  "'■•""*  ""•*'  *"•§•>,  t**^ 
afw  Ji»«fi|Hi.»<»  muM  ••fm>i»«"ir  '*>•  •^t««ii'«  *»• 
(oMfUtM.  •»<  •  |*.rf"i>«»*  "*  »^  "•"«i  •'  ••••«.•• 
I.IM  H  •■  ««Miwt  •[«•.••  »*.»  U  ••»»««  •»  <J"  Uk»«»|»ii 
n(rMiwrM»iikiiii«i4»y«*<MiiiMMa^|lMi«a  W  «• 

'**  ■•  ajik«to  naiMrHfiii. 

HiMlia.  <Sf  «••"  t»h»la  liitw.ia«4  »•  fc«  -m*  ""h 

■n*  aHt*!*  •»  i»i«ii<if«««»»«.    I'  r"«""""  *•»  *"■ " 

MlHM    <X    UImI*    U   dxInHl,  *|*fM«ll'1    MM!    W    ■••    lN» 

MMM  •«••.  otxr*  itMv  an  «MtM«t«d  at  a  ba  ««  >u 
SaiW*  Im  lakala,  aa4«««a*ir-«MMtan  Iwira4a-«arka. 

I}.  i»a»Y  arfMaaiil  fw  a  ta^rlfM  ■*<»•  a«aw 
ilatlaally  tb*  Maia  ami  '•>*•!•*»  iif  Ika  tlal«aa«,  aMd 
*K«lhaf  llw  fighlj.  r  UliM-l  ■•  .Hil»..f .  4a.ta»ar,  ec  |n»- 
p«»iat      N*  BiMavtl  a«  «armal   •f»HaaU««  la 

Li>!4.  F.Uctro  or  ii«r«()()rpa  |iriiiltn  h«v« 
not  •  8«n*r«l  lta«  cm  plalaa  not  iMiniibGluirtd 
by  ihMtaaWaa,  Itut  onljr  |i««l  into  ihtir  haM«la 
far  lh«  |Mir)in>e  tA  iMrtnllng  froan  iliam*  To 
■Mabllah  *  gmtral  ntn  aiich  prtnlet  mual  ahow 
iMch  •  cuatom  <jf  trada  that  lh«  other  parljr  to 
lh«  tranaactlon  contractail  with  r«r«ranc«  to 
•Hch  coatom  i  "  nothing  thort  of  thl*  will  ilia- 
paiM«  with  an  txprcaa  ctmtract,"  »kt.* 

A  pfiiUar  who  la  •.■n'ofwl  to  print  rartain 
Mmban,  but  not  alt  conaacutive  numban,  of 
•n  tntira  work,  h«»  a  general  lien  upon  iha 
toniea  not  dalivcrrd  for  hia  balanco  dua  for 
prfniing  lh«  whola  of  thoaa  numbara.* 

A  wTnler  of  a  l»ok  in  procaaa  of  publica 
lion  U  nut  tniitlcd  to  tail  it  for  hia  pa*m«nt;> 
•Ithoygh  ha  hM  a  lien   upon   it  againat  th« 
author  or  hi*  cmtliora  until  dallvary. 

See  title  lUiLMiiint,  ante. 

Local  on  Siatb  CorvBioHT.  Although  a 
particular  State  cannot  Ukc  awav  from  an  iwli- 
vidual  the  property  given  him  by  act  of  Cor- 
>r*a«,  and  though  the  law*  of  auch  Stale  art- 
Imperutive  a*  aKainai  the  lawa  of  the  United 
Sutea  with  which  they  may  come  in  colli«ion,« 

Clf  an  author  or  Inventor  (nitead  of  reaort- 
_l  to  tha  act  of  Congreaa  ahould  apply  to  the 
general  aaacmldy  or  tegirialure  of  a  particular 
State  for  an  ciclusive  riRht  to  hia  praduetion, 
there  i*  nothing  to  hinder  that  Suta  granting 
it,  though  the  operation  of  auch  grant  would 
be  confined  to  the  liralta  of  the  State.'  and  Iha 
itac  of  th»  pronertT  ia  of  exclusively  local  char- 
acter; like  all  other  property  It  murt  ba  uaed 
and  enjoyed  within  each  State  aceordinf  to  tha 
taw*  <oi  auch  Stale.* 


■i.M.  *  M.  4^.  4H:  «  <!•  »  ?. '«  %!!:  W 
•.)  M.  ft  8.  i«7  |»-M»u«t»»ai  Uimnr  P'»r^,x- 
in,*.*-  *»aaaW)wai  ■•«.  r«J<'»«S,  »!!•  •" 
«%e  e«<nlmM  of  Cacktmr*.  C  J  .  aixl  Macliki! 


MAHtncaim.    iaaIn»ntiw«Mtirr.akwt| 
Kinaiiiaa.  Btc.  i  Uu»i)au»MWi,  h«i«m. 

MuaicAi.  CutirfMiTi'Ma  AlilMiMk  ih« 
acata  of  a«  ofiera  ut  place  of  cafM,«rte<l  M«>i- 
I*  an  Im  an  iii4«v«i»d«»H  work  a*  l«  b«  e»|.y 
ilghied  In  tha  name  of  Ike  comviler.  it  «e«m« 
that  a»»  mmy  not  compila  aveh  aoira  wUhoul 
Ike  CMMenI  of  the  t»«pna«  of  tha  opara  or 
piece.* 

Itracy  mey  he  of  pit  of  an  air  a«  wall  aa  of 
Iha  whole.*     To  pubilah  In  the  (u«m  uf  <|im<I 
rlllaa  ami  walt«e«  the  air»  nf  an  it^wra,  of  whu  h 
there  ealata  an  aaUuaiva  copyright  i«  an  lnalan<a 
iif  iilfaey.' 

The  adclilion  of  word*,  prcMe.  and  accnm 
lianimanl  lo  an  old  air  gave  lh«  atla'Har  ar<>(ry 
light  in  the  wh««ie  ctimpnaiiiun,*  and  where  a 
(lerMn  adapted  w<)r<l«  to  an  old  air  and  pro 
cared  a  friend  to  compoaa  an  accompanlmtnt, 
hi*  aiaignee  waa  efitiilcd  lo  deacriha  him*«ll 
in  an  action  for  fiiracy  aa  pt<i|irial(ir  of  tha  cuyiy 
right  in  the  entire  c<jn»|ioaHlon,»  Aa  lo  how 
hr  an  arrangament  (or  the  pianoforte  of  the 
acnra  of  an  <j|Mr«  la  an  original  mm\J 

Nam*  aku  Dati.  «tc.  Errora  in  ilia  name 
of  a  paraon  eopyrlghllag.  or  of  lh«  data  o( 
roiiyriiihl,  prevent  the  author  or  fMmprletor  htm 
|irocreiling  by  action.  *«il.  or  otherwiae.  until 
tuch  erroca  have  been  aasended  |  or  Invalidatr 
a  tuhaaanient  aiaignment  under  the  act  ■  The 
naaaa  ol  a  firm  will  be  auffkiant  wliboat  (he 
naaaaa  of  all  iu  member*.*  A  chaaga  In  tha 
atyla  of  printing  aa  anthor'a  or  pubHahar'* 
name,  (ir  a  ihanga  of  pttbliaheri  will  nal  iMkI 
the  copyrighted  title  oi  a  book. 

Sea  Kicuai),  rrc..  btktw. 

Kamb  «•  T1TI.K.  The  naaM  ar  iMa  of  a 
work  may  be  co.widered  aa  a  kind  of  a  trade- 
mark which  no  other  paraon  than  the  prflftiator 
of  the  work  can  uia  rt  aa  todaoMga  kiaa  in  hi* 
property  in  it.*  Caaci  of  iMa  ktAd  deaaad 
rather  upon  the  ((ueatiea  whether  the  «lelend- 
ant  haa  a  right  to  lall  aa  hia  own  thai  In  which 
anethar  has  aniulrtd  a  daacriptioa  of  p«i|Mity 
than  on  iha  qaaaikm  of  comrrighi.* 

NoTl»  ioHA  Fids  The  work  ar  part  of 
the  work  of  another  may  ba  made  the  feiuida- 
lion  of  >e««  J(dt  xit<»m  and  obaerrattona,  and 
may  be  publiahtd  with  «|ch  noiaa  or  obMrva- 
tiona  without  inlrinf^nf  tha  eopyriglit  ia  the 
oricinal  work.  "Anv  paraon  may  copf  and 
publiah  the  whole  of  a  literary  coni|waitioa, 
provided  ha  writce  notea  upon  it  ao  aa  to  pre- 
lani  it  to  tha  public  connatled  vMi  maitcr 
ofhia«»wn.«  iramantook"Pala^'»Pbil<M»- 
phy  and  copied  a  whole  aaaay,  wHh  obaarra- 
tiont  and  notea,  or  additiona  •(  tba  end  of  It,  it 
w(wM  4apand  on  the  (mT-  of  wiMtkar  the 
pnUicatiou  of  that  amay  «  d  to  convay  to  tha 

Sa* r B.  * S.  M»i  a  Id.  mi  I- »•»  •  Q  ^in-h 
•oTur.  (M.  •.Feaa:  xa  W.  h,  M«»{  L.  *.  »  4tW»; 

rfi  |>r.  tk  r.»t4»»  •  «.*  J. 'eil  » ■.»  C«4«- 


MiMa  iiii) 


KHN 


iMvtiKovmiit,  alMv*! 
>tiau«uMi.  ImUiw. 
TKMM  AliHuMali  th* 
i<«c«  at  coA««M<Mi  MIHIK 
laitl  wofk  ••  M  Im  cofty 
nl  iIm  ciMii()«Uf,  It  M«m* 
ii)itl»  twcli  *«<K«  wIiIkwI 
>«i|»»«r  a^  Um  9^fm%  of 

«l  of  an  atr  ■«  tMll  m  of 
Mh  In  iIm  iatm  u<  <|u*<l 
•In  of  an  iifwra,  of  whl<  h 
>•  cufiyrtghi  I*  an  tna<anc* 

*<la,  (<r«Ma,  aiMl  acciMn 
rgava  ih«  atUftar  acuf>) 
mpnaiilofi,"  ami  whara  « 
I  m  an  aid  air  an<(  pn» 
pnaa  an  a<cn«i|i«nlin«n(. 
lied  l<>  tlMcrllw  MmmU 
a*  pr«i|>rielur  al  Ik*  c«)fir 
ini|watUon.*     At  lo  M>w 
!ar  lk«  plancifafU  of  Ihc 
n  original  wwli^ 
sir.    (^ron  in  iIm  nam* 
iilng.  <ir  of  (h«  data  of 

aulbnf  or  |»t>fi>i«(or  frum 
,  *«ll,  or  otharwiaa,  aniil 

aaaanda<l  i  or  invalldMt 
ml  under  IIm  act*  Th« 
ba  Miflklml  witboMt  IIm 
nbara.*  A  chMC*  ill  ih* 
I   atrihor'a   or  piibliriwr'* 

rblwtMrt  will  MM  allMt 
I  book. 
,  b«low. 

TIm  nwM«  or  ikU  tt  a 
red  ai  a  kind  of  a  trada- 
parwm  than  Iha  Drofriator 
»o  a*  to  daaMM  MM  in  kla 
wa  of  iMa  fctod  4aM«d 
■tloM  wlwtlwr  iKa  4Uitnd- 
1  aa  kk  own  Ikal  in  wkic h 
I  a  daacriptioM  of  prapwtf 
of  cnmrrigkl.* 
D*  Tka  work  ar  wt  of 
may  ba  mado  tha  twada- 
4<!ii  and  obaervatlona,  ud 
Itk  aveli  Mtai  or  olwimi- 
ling  Um  copytiglit  ia  iha 
Rv  pmaon  nay  copy  and 
bI  a  litararf  eoaipailtloN, 
notaa  apon  it  lo  aa  to  prt- 
Ic  connacltd  vMh  natler 
lan  took  "  Palar'a  Pbikiao- 
wkola  aaaay,  wMh  obaatva- 
dditiont  li  Um  and  of  It,  H 
tha  CmT.  of  wkatkar  th« 
may  w  ta  to  coatray  to  tka 


corvRioiiT. 


|MiMI«  Ilia  anlaa  and  ntiMnrailMM  lUrly.  or 
"n\y  ^a  tnlor  Ika  (HiiaicatHm  ot  Iha  original 
rM4f  and  maka  Ikat  i  |ir«i(ii  fur  uiratlivg  li| 
if  )h«  lalttt  M  «o<il<l  no«  IM  tuatainail* 

Iha  <)u«niiix  •«  wall   a*  iha  characior  »( 

•  iiikaj  ni*t%  td-lnl  lo  iho  work  of  ar«>ih«r  !• 
*n  iwponanl  •lamani  in  ilalafmlnlng  iha  <)ua« 
lion  Of  A«N«  /IJ*  n<ti««  * 

N<»Ti<B.  Whar«  iha  III l«  nag*  nf  a  tiiMth 
m»%  d«|Mwiud  In  1X40,  ami  Ilia  nulira  of  Iha 
•nl«i  iig  lAMflad  In  Iha  volima  Malail  ll  lo 
'  h4«r  iiaaii  <t«(iiMliad  in  lt47,  a««n  though  lh« 
'ir..r  anwa  from  a  mUiaii*,  M  wa*  tta»artkalaM 
hrl<l  fatal  luiko  ca|iyrlght.' 

OMcana.  iHMOMAi.oa  l.iaituwa  WoaKi, 
iha  author  or  |Hililhh«r  <if  a  work  «f  lllwlUiu* 
■w  aa  imiaoral  tan<l«ncy  i.an  hava  no  |irtip«rty 
in  II.  Siuch  a  work  w  not  tha  *ut^«i  t.f  i.«iy. 
fi«M.      Thay  ara  tmiitaa    lo  no  pr>Haiiitin 

•  haiavar,  and  no  action  <;«n  b«  maln'ainaU  fur 
(Hritfing  iImm.i 

('«M:gNa.  iMMfMAL.  AND  ImOBCIMT  Puili 
.  u  Kiw,  «TC.  "  Bvary  pamm  who.  wtihin  iha 
DiMrlel  of  ColaintMa,  or  any  of  iha  Uiriiori«« 
<it  ika  United  Hiaiaa.  or  othar  placa  wahlii  ii« 
»«rluai»a  )urimlictl.»«  of  Iha  United  Siiate*, 
•alia,  or  land*,  or  givaa  away,  or  In  any  man- 
itar  aahibila,  or  ofltra  lo  sail,  or  lo  land,  of  lo 
pva  Bway.  or  In  any  maniitr  to  aihlbit,  or 
c4harwiaa  pubilthaa  r>r  offara  lo  pablbh  In  any 
m^innar.  or  baa  In  hia  pMMiaion  for  any  kuck 
|i«ir,)oaa,  any  >4»ccna  itooh,  («am|)hl«t,  patwr, 
wriiing,  advart-^amanl,  eircuUr.  print,  rHclura, 
drawing,  or  olhar  reprataniallon,  figure,  or 
Imaga,  oa  or  ol  papar  or  othar  mairrlal,  or 
«ny  cart,  InMrumaiil,  or  other  articia  of  an 
imworal  nalurv,  or  any  drug  01  mailicine,  or 
my  articia  whalavrr  for  iha  pravaiuion  of 
toniaplton,  or  for  canting  unlawluE  aiiorllon. 
<>r  who  advartlaaa  tha  tame  for  tale,  or  wrlirt 
or  pi»nu.  or  cauaaa  lo  ba  wrilian  or  prinlad, 
any  card,  circular,  book,  pampklal,  advartiie- 
mrnt  or  noiica  of  any  kind,  Mating  whan, 
whara,  how,  or  of  whom,  at  by  what  mttn% 
«ny  of  Iha  arttclaa  in  ihi*  taction  herelnltcfora 
menlioiiad  can  ba  purchoaad  or  obtained,  or 
minufa  uraa,  drawt  or  prima,  or  in  any  wi«« 
m«k«a4nyofaachartlc;*«,»hnllbaimpri»onedat 
hard  labor  in  Iha  panilenliarv  for  not  leu*  than 
•i«  monUta,  nor  mora  than  n»e  year*  ibr  *4cli 
ofTenca,  or  finad  not  Icm  than  w-t  hundre<l 
liullar^  nor  Mora  than  two  thquund  dollars, 
with  coati  of  court."* 

"  No  obacane,  lawd.or  laacivioua  book,  pam- 
phlet, papar,  picture,  print,  or  other  publicMlon 
of  an  todacani  character,  or  any  anisle  or  thing 
'Ictignad  or  intended  for  tha  prevention  of 
'-oncaption  or  procuring  of  abortion,  nor  any 
trticla  or  thing  intended  or  adapted  for  any 
indacant  or  immoral  usa  or  nature,  nor  any 


-..-.  ..,j,  ,Jvch  J, 
**»•  ••M-4.  I  Ut». 


wrttian  m  priatad  card,  efrcalar,  hook,  mm 
l*hl«t,  adfoiiaamant.  or  natlca  of  any  kind 
gl»ing  lafutmaliofl,  dirat,ity  or  indlrenly,  whan 
'  him.  Of  of  whom,  or  by  what  mean*,  either 
of  the  ihing*  tw^a  m«ntl<)«*d  may  lie  utnalned 
or  ma<le  i  n.ir  any  leilar  upim  ih*  envelopa 
of  whith,  or  |Kiatal  card  uion  which  indecent 
or  Mcurriloui  e|i4lhel*  may  lia  written  or  printed 
thall  ba  carried  In  tha  mall ;  and  any  |)eiMin 
who  tJiall  kiHiwInuly  ite{)ukll,  or  cauta  tu  lia 
de|HMileit  l.ir  mailing  of  delivery,  any  of  tha 
hvrelnlwfur*  meniionrd  artictee  or  thingt,  <« 
any  notlte  or  paiier  omiaining  any  advetti*** 
ment  relating  to  the  afnie»«ld  aitklea  or  thing*, 
and  any  [mt*tm  who,  ir  purtuance  of  any  pUn 
or  icheme  lor  dl<|)o*lng  of  any  of  ttie  herein- 
before mentioned  artule*  or  thing*,  thall  take 
or  iau*a  to  b*  taken  from  the  mall  any  ouch 
li  <«r  or  package.  aKall  ba  deemed  guilty  of  • 
nii.<lem»«nttr.  and  thall,  for  every  olTence,  ba 
fined  nut  lewi  than  one  hundred  dollari,  nor 
more  ihun  five  thoutaml  dollar*,  or  im|)fliontd 
ai  hard  labor  not  le««  than  one  year,  nor  mora 
limn  ten  year*,  or  both."  '■ 

"  All  peraon*  arc  pruhiliiled  ttmn  Impnrling 
Into  Iha  l/niled  8ioir*  from  any  foreign  coun- 
try »ny  obacene  iiiiok,  jwrtiphlel.  pjper.  writing. 
advrrtl«cment,  circular,  print,  picture,  drawing, 
or  other  rfprtnentatlun,  figure,  or  image,  on  or 
of  |iaper  or  other  material,  or  any  catt,  liiiiru- 
meni,  or  other  article  of  m  immoral  nature,  or 
»ii;  drug  or  medlclo-,  *.'  any  trilcle  whatever 
'  r  the  prevention  of  :(mrir|>(ibn,  or  for  cauting 
unlawful  abortion,"  alt,  fptovldirg  mode  of 
proceeding*  agairmt,  tot  i.'tHrv,  Itw7«ituie.  and 
d«*truclion  of  tnme,  ei<:.)< 

"  Whoever,  Ulnc  01  tiMi  rr,  agent,  or  er- 
pl<iv«  of  Ihc  govcrnnum  <rt  ih«  tMited  Stales 
thall  knowingly  aid  oi  alict  nny  pcrton  engaged 
in  nnv  violation  of  any  of  the  piovitiont  of  law 
prohibiting  iro|iortitig,  advertiting,  dealing  in, 
ethibiiing,  or  icniliiig  or  receiving  by  mail, 
tiUcene  or  Indecent  publtcailont  or  reprctenla- 
lion«,  w  mean*  for  preventing  conception  or 
|>rtH.urinif  alMinion.  or  other  article*  of  indecent 
or  immoral  utc  or  tendency,  thall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  mitdrmeanor,  and  thall,  for  every 
uAeiice  be  punithable  by  a  fine  of  not  leta  than 
one  hundred  dollan,  and  not  more  than  five 
thoutand,  or  by  Imprisonment  at  hatd  labor  for 
not  le»«  th<.n  ona  jrear,  nor  more  than  ten.  or 
bolh."* 

The  tetl  of  ohicenity  I*.  Whether  the  in- 
tention and  tendency  of  the  matter  charged  at 
oli<,ccnity  it  lo  deprave  anti  corrup*  thote  whua* 
mind*  are  open  lo  luch  immoral  inllufncet, 
and  into  thota  whow;  hand*  a  publication  of 
the  tort  may  fall.'  Thit  tntt  unmodified  would 
tweep  jway  tuch  workt  an  Shaketpeare,  Jon- 
ton,  Beaumont,    Fletcher.   Chaucer,   Dryden, 

Key.    <»•?!•«,   tllle  33,  M  iwi,    iMg ;     Spr.gue,    j6y. 

3..  Vm :  a  L.  r.(h.  s.) iSi  jfl  Cj. », •  M. C 


if!l 


S  #4|H«ri.CjaE>  'ftiiiisistSiil 


4M 


COFYRIGHT. 


Bjrron,  t)e  Foe,  Smolleti,  Fielding,  and  othen, 
in  whose  worlci  tiicb  torei  are  •ccrssorle* 
which  form  the  great  contrasts  and  effects  in- 
tended by  these  writen,  and  which,  separated 
by  themselvet,  could  nul  be  tolerated. 

Okiginality.  The  law  will  secure  to  a 
man  the  property  in  every  genuine  product  of 
hit  own  mental  labor,  whether  that  product 
takes  the  form  of  »  compilation,  abridgment, 
new  arrangement,  or  wholly  original  work— if 
indeed  there  con  be  any  such  thing  as  a  wholly 
original  work.  "In  truth,  in  nierature,  in 
science,  and  in  art  there  are  and  can  be  few, 
if  anv,  things  which  in  an  abstract  sense  are 
itrictly  new  and  original  throughout.  Ever) 
book  in  literature,  icience,  and  art  borrow  •, 
and  most  necessarily  borrow  And  use  much 
which  was  well  known  and  used  before;  no 
man  creates  a  new  language  for  himself,  at 
leait  if  he  be  a  wise  man,  m  writing  a  book ; 
he  contents  himself  with  the  nse  oi  language 
already  known,  and  used  and  understood  by 
othen.  The  thougfau  of  every  man  are  more 
or  lest  a  combinatioh  of  what  other  men  have 
thought  and  exprctaed,  although  they  may  be 
modified,  excelled,  or  improved  by  his  own 
genius  or  reflection.  If  no  book  could  be  the 
subject  of  copyright  which  was  not  new  and 
original  in  the  elements  of  which  it  it  com- 
posed, there  could  be  no  ground  for  conyriaht 
In  modem  timet;  and  we  should  be  obliged  to 
ascend  very  high  even  iu  antiquity  to  fwd  a 
work  entitled  to  iuch  eminence.^'" 

The  teit  of  originality  it  "whether  the 
claimant's  book  contains  any  tnbstantive  pro* 
duct  of  hit  own  labor."" 

To  conititnte  out  an  author  he  mutt,  by  his 
own  intellectual  labor,  applied  to  the  materials 
of  his  compotitiaa,  produce  an  arrangement  or 
compilatkm  new  in  Itself.*  In  the  case  of  sub- 
jects opeti  to  all,  the  work  of  the  author  mutt 
not  be  copied,  bat  recoiusA  must  be  had  to  the 
original  sources.'  One  who  gets  another,  or 
othen,  to  compile  a  work  or  engrave  a  print  is 
not  entitled  to  copyright.* 

The  ntmatt  that  die  law  can  do  b  to  reouire 
and  insist  that  tb|e  tecondary  author  thall  nave 
exercised  original  labor  in  devising  the  ptan, 
telection,  arrangement,  and  pretentttion  of  the 
materials  which  he  has  fouiid  »•  medir  (com- 
mon to  all)  and  teen  to  all.  It  will  aot  be 
sufficient  on  (he.oceliand  that  he  has  bestowed 
uixin  his  wcrk  the  manMl  Ubbr  cf  copying  or 
clipping  the  matelial ;  nor  will  it  be  aeocssvy 
on  the  other,  that  he  hatincdeMlihM^aeiit 
in  discovering  the  wants  oTtlM  pubtie,  and 
such  skill  as  to  have  pradaeed  a  lealhr  vala- 
able  book;  the  product  of  actMl  aMsnitt  labor, 
whether  valnabie  or  wortUeas,  wiU  tic  pro- 
tected by  btw.' 
A  jaudM'^,  oarefal,  and  weftil  arrangement 

■s^  SiBfy.  Tfa.;„SM  abe  ijltl.  tS._  It-OMis  OtVz 

mi  ' 


«4Woodl».ftMia.4«:« 


4«.  VH 


'.3«> 


of  M  and  well-known  mali^rtal  may  be  pro 
duced  by  original  laUw,  and,  if  mj,  will  be  en- 
titled to  protection.*  But  though  any  penwin 
may  thus  acquire  a  copyiight  in  his  own  ar- 
rangement oi  common  materials,  the  materials 
themselves  remain,  at  always,  open  to  the  next 
comer  who  chooses  to  have  recourse  to  them, 
and  different  copyrights  may  be  acquired  in 
different  arrangements  of  the  tame  common 
materials.  These  different  arrangements  must, 
however,  be  independent.  A  later  arrange- 
ment must  not  be  a  servile  imitation  or  repro- 
duction of  an  earlier  one.* 

Parts  or  Works.  Where  the  parts  of,  a 
work  can  be  separated,  there  may  be  a  copy- 
right in  any  distinct  part  of  i!." 

Parts  and  Extracts  or  a  Work.  That 
part  of  the  work  of  one  author  it  fonnd  I  in 
another  it  not  of  ittelf  piracy,  or  sufficient  to 
tupport  an  action ;  bat  the  extracts  may  be  too 
many,  or  contain  too  large  or  important  a  por- 
tion of  the  work  from  which  they  are  nuiide ; 
then  they  will  amount  to  piracy,  even  though 
thcv  were  pablithcd  in  the  form  cf  quotations, 
and  the  source  from  which  they  were  tal^n  b 
exprettly  declared.' 

See  Quotations,  below. 

Periodicals.  Copyright  in  periodical  pub- 
lications may  be  infringed  in  the  same  manner 
at  in  the  case  of  other  literarv  works;  but  thu 
qiecies  of  property  may  also  be  infringed  in  a 
manner  pecaljar  to  itself.  Even  when  the 
copyright  in  contributions  to  encyclopiedias, 
reviews,  magai ines,  and  other  periodicab  is 
vested  in  the  proprietors  of  such  encyclopaediat, 
etc.,  the  right  of  puUiishing  his  contribation  in 
a  separate  farm  reverts  to  the  aothor  twenty- 
eight  years  from  the  first  imblication,  and  the 
proprietor  cannot,  during  the  term  of  bb  own 
cofiyright,  paUith  it  in  a  separate  form  without 
iJie  previottt  consent  of  the  aothor  or  his  as- 
signs.* A  repuUication  in  supfdemental  num- 
bm  of  a  selection  of  various  tales  previously 
published  in  that  periodical  b  an  infringe- 
ment.' 

The  anthor  has  a  modified  property  in  pos- 
session, and  the  sole  property  in  reversion. 

PHOTOORAPHtKG.  Making  an  nnauthoiiscd 
photograph  of  the  engravihjp;  of  a  jpiciare  is  a 
photographing  or  cofmng  of  the  pietare  itself. 
If  the  dnlgn  IS  copied,  it  b  immaieriRl  whether 
ft  'b  done  directly  from  the  or^nal,  or  indi- 
rectly throofdi  the  medinm  oT  a  copgr.'  It 
woald  be  otlierwite  if  the  owner  had  patted 
with  ^  right  to  mttlti|dy  engraviius.* 

nANO  SooRU  of  operas  are  bidep^adent 
musical  compositiods,  speei6c,  separate,  and 
distinct  from  operas  themselves.  It  icqnfares 
tine,  reffection,  skill,  and  mind,  so  to  con- 
dense the  aptm  score  as  to  compote  the  piano- 


"iifnatBii 


tMmmtmmeislimm 


imilM/inmumm-tmmm 


mtimi 


n  matinrfal  imy  b«  fwo 
>r,  and,  if  mi,  will  be  en- 
Uut  though  any  perxm 
>pytight  in  his  own  ar- 
1  tnateriali,  the  materials 
always,  open  to  the  next 
I  have  recourse  to  them, 
hts  may  be  acquired  in 
I  of  the  same  common 
iicnt  arrangementa  must, 
lent.  A  later  arrange- 
ervile  imitation  or  repro- 
ne.» 

Where  the  nartt  of,  a 
id,  there  may  be  a  copy- 
irt  of  it." 

en  or  A  Work.  That 
one  author  is  fonnd  !in 
If  piracy,  or  sufficient  to 
:  the  extracts  may  be  loo 
large  or  important  s  por- 
I  whivh  they  are  mue ; 
t  to  piracy,  even  though 
n  the  form  of  quotations, 
hich  they  w«re  tak^  is 

elow. 

lyright  in  periodical  pub< 

iged  in  the  same  maimer 

literary  works;  but  this 
ly  also  be  infringed  in  a 
itself.  Even  when  the 
itions  to  encydopiedias, 
md  other  periodicals  U 
rs  of  such  encyciopcdias, 
shing  his  cootribation  in 
ts  to  the  author  twenty- 
first  publication,  and  the 
ing  the  term  of  his  own 
I  a  tepturate  form  without 
of  the  author  or  his  an- 
on in  supplemental  num- 

various  tales  previously 
riodical  is  an  infringe- 

nodified  property  in  pos- 
voperty  in  revenion. 
Making  an  unautboriscd 
vihg  of  •  picture  is  a 
ing  of  the  pictnie  itaelf. 
I,  it  is  immaterial  whether 
Nn  the  original,  or  indi- 
nedium  oTa  caofjr  It 
if  the  owner  had  paited 
i|dy  engraviiM|s.* 
operaa  are  indeptpdent 
t  specific  Mparate,  md 
tbMBselves.  It  leqaires 
I,  and  mind,  so  to  con- 
as  to  compose  the  piano- 


la, ij*.  »«BnKhr.j*.  t^ 
■QMS.    Si-L.  Rap.  <  fi.  4i>. 

MtC:  IS  M  tm.    KM  SM. 
:  3)  L.  J.  isr,  Cfc. 


J5^ 


COPVIUGHT. 


4l» 


fcrte  Mcompaniment.*  Whether  a  piano-forte 
arrangement  of  the  score  of  an  opera,  executed 
without  the  consent  of  the  composer  of  the 
npera,  would  !«  an  infringement  of  his  copy- 
right therein  has  not  been  expressly  decided.^ 
Piracy  in  Genekal.  If  so  much  is  taken 
u  to  impair  the  value  of  the  original  work,  or 
no  that  the  labors  of  the  original 'author  are 
lulMtantially  appropriated,  this  will  constitute 
a  piraw.*  But  the  question  of  piracy  does  not 
depend  solely  upon  quantity.*  Intention  is 
not  a  necessary  element  in  the  oRence  of  piracy. 
Jf  a  copyright  has  been  invaded,  whether  the 
party  knew  the  work  was  copyrighted  or  not, 
he  is  liable  to  the  penally  for  violation  there- 
of.* 

The  inouiry  in  most  cases  is  not  whether 
•he  defendant  has  used  thoughts,  conception, 
information,  and  diHcoveries  promulgated  by 
the  original,  but  whether  his  composition  may 
be  considered  a  new  work,  requiring  inven- 
tion, learning,  and  judgment,  or  only  a  mere 
tranKript  of  the  whole  or  parts  of  the  original, 
with  mere  colorable  variations.' 

Plam  or  McTHoa  There  can  be  no  copy- 
right of  a  mere  plan  or  method  of  a  work,  dis- 
tinct from  the  work  itself,  any  more  than  there 
can  be  copyright  of  an  abstract  idea.* 

••QuoTATtOM  is  necessary  for  reviewing; 
the  quotation  for  such  a  purpose  is  not  to  have 
the  appellation  of  piracy  affixed  to  it,  but  quo- 
tation may  be  carried  to  the  extent  of  mani- 
festing piratical  intention." »  "A  reviewer 
"wy  »My  cite  largely  firom  the  original  work, 
If  his  dcaign  be  really  and  truly  to  use  the 
possages  for  the  purposes  of  fair  and  reason- 
able criticism.  On  the  other  hai|d,  it  b  as 
clear  that  if  he  thus  cites  the  most  important 
imits  of  the  work  with  a  view  not  to  criticise, 
but  to  supersede  the  use  of  :he  original  work, 
and  sabstitute  the  review  for  it,  such  «  use  will 
lie  deemed  in  law  a  piracy.  A  wide  interval 
miglM,  of  ccnrae,  exist  between  these  two  ex- 
tremes, calling  for  great  caution  and  involvins 
great  difficulty."!  ^ 

See  Parts  ams  Extracts,  itc.,  above. 
RicaurT  Books.  The  comnosiug  receipts, 
or  arranging  them  in  a  book.  wiU  give  a  copy- 
right to  Um  compiler.  But  the  meie  collecting 
them  and  handing  them  over  to  the  puUidier 
will  not  Nor  will  the  mere  copying  that 
which  is  public  property.  But  if  there  be 
some  new  amngement  or  ckaaifiGatkm  of  the 
subject,  or  the  copy  be  not  identical,  and  not 
a  mere  ooloraUe  •variation/  then  n  copmrisht 
majr  exist  for  it.» 

lUaMua.  Care  shonid  be  taken  that  the 
copvrii^  Koord  is  accurate,  for  an  error  in  it 
wiirhenfslal  delaa  in  the  author  or  proprie- 
tor's copgnl^  "^^ 


•■L.JR«»,sQ. 


^. Bam:    «i  * 


siof*.  git. 


'feiS5:^''£ii''-»> 


lt-4 


K.  8.)8}0!  J«L. 


r-i  • — '•  ^  C.  $4?;  STC  e  A«.  L.  Rsc-tji. 
tcUaa,  iM.   U^  Ams.  yj;  t  Om^bTtfi 


■BHBMI 


VHDKK  THE  C0rrwtwtn 

JssrtMliettoM. 

Sec.  4970.  The  circuit  courU,  and  district 
courts  having  the  jurisdiction  of  circuit  courts, 
shall  have  power,  upon  bill  in  equity,  filed  by 
f  ny  party  agerieved,  to  grant  injunctions  to  pre- 
vent  the  violation  of  any  right  secured  by  the 
laws  respecting  copyrights,  according  to  the 
course  and  principles  of  courU  of  equity,  on 
such  terms  as  the  court  may  deem  reasonable.' 

The  jurisdiction  given  the  federal  court  by 
the  acts  of  Congreu  has  not  taken  away  or 
diminished  the  original  jurisdiction  which  be- 
fore such  acts"  the  state  courts  exercised;  ex- 
cept when  the  jurisdiction  was  made  exclusive 
in  express  terms,  cr  by  the  necessary  construc- 
tion of  the  constitution.* 

UasltaUoss. 

Bee.  49M.  No  action  shall  b«  main, 
talned  in  any  case  of  forfeiture  or  penalty 
under  the  copyright  laws,  unless  the  same  is 
commenced  vrithln  two  years  aAer  the 
cause  of  action  has  arisen.* 

noiidlNw  Ms«  KvMeaoo. 

Hoc.  4909.  In  all  actions  arising  under  the 
laws  respecting  oopvrighls,  the  defendant  may 
plead  the  general  iuue,  and  give  the  special 
maUer  in  evidence  ' 

«OT«I«BW  PUEAOIKUa 

l/Mtr  tkt  StiHt$l*. 

t    .V   -T**!«J»*"A«fhMs  orBwIt. 

sSJ$^*.9'*Y'*  fo*"*  «■  *■>•  United  lutaa. 
FifibClrcuit,  Southern  Dtotriet  of  Alabama. 

>*»''■*•■■»•  ('■  P"»«>".  -■  by  A.  A..  hU  attoriMy) 
njgMtAiUy  repraaents  (#r  •U.tes.oarf  eo«pUta,)2J 

.      ..    -.„  Aitomaa. 

la  the  CIrcalt  («r  Oteukt  )Cettrt  of  the  tlnMod 

roe  the  MMdte  DIstrtet  of  Tenneaaea. 

■aid  A.  B.,  ete  (atattm). 
»  .     . .  _    AnoTfim. 

Upitad  Btataa  OrcwU  Court. 

{TUIi,4u  mttit.) 
I.  laid  A.  &,  ete.  («f  «JiOTw). 
^MjlJbat  aaid  A.  B.  is  a  eitiaaa  er  tJM  Uaitad 

^««»  aaid  A.  B  Is  a  leaMsat  of  the  Uaitad 
III.  Ttiat  be  la  tte  (aiidMr.«r< 


■■■.  TAat  be  to  tte  (audMr.  «r  '  lUl     or)  bt*. 
prlater  of  a beek;  («r tLitr mrtttk, ttNtSdimr  AIM. 


3fc 


•-fa:  I  104:  Rw  iS»-»4:  ld.{^. 
Rev.  iSjj-^ ;  Id.  I^gd^  •  ^^ 


^4**?^''7ii:i?**<w 


'!M: 


4tt 


COPYRIGHT. 


partHoa,  —  •«■  ravlnn,  —  cut,  —  print,  —  | 
graph  or  nagatlva  thtraof,  »r  —  painting,  — 
ing,  •—  chromo,  —  atatua,  -—  ataiuary,  »r  — 
or  daaign  tntaiMad  to  b«  porfactad  aa  work  of  tha 


nt,  —  photo- 
draw, 
modal 


tatgnl 
arta). 


am 


.  daaerlbad  aa  leilowa:  iktrt  ttfy  ilutlt- 
•itiitn  Ml  C9ml»lnt4  im  th*  ctrtifintU  ff  t^yright^ 
d  furthar  daaerlbad  by  a  photograph  tnaraof, 
which  la  haraunto  attachaa,  markad  "  Bahlbit 
A,"  and  mada  a  part  haraof. 

f  V.  That  on  tha  —  day  of  — ,  and  baforo 
ptibllcatlon,  aald  A.  B.  did  oallvar  at  tha  olltca  of 
tha  librarian  of  Coograaa  K—"  depMii  in  ih«  mull  mI- 
dmud  to  lh«  librarian  uf  CongrcM,  at  Wathinstun, 
Di»tHcl  of  Calumbl.1),  •  printatfcepy  of  tha  titla  or 
aald  book  (#r  ttktr  mnirlt,  thfrihw  it),  *r  a  da- 
acriptlon  of  aald  painting,  (drawing,  chromo, 
atatua,  atatuary,  «r  modal,  «r  daaign  for  ■  work 
•f  tha  tina  artaf. 

T.  That  on  tha day  of ,  and  within  ton 

daya  horn  the  publication  tharaof,  aald  A.  B.  did 
dallvar  at  tha  offica  of  tko  librarian  of  Congreaa 
(frdtpout  in  iha  mall  addrctMd  to  iha  libmrlan  of 
Conirm,  al  Waihlngton,  District  of  Cnlumblal,  two 
copiaa  of  auch  eopyriglit  book  («r  «r*/r  artieU,  th- 
ictitii^  ft,  *i  a^Mtr),  (•r  /s  e»t*  y  »  ^aintint,  tlr»w- 
in/,  liitiM,  itntuary,  mMitt  «r  dtiign  /tr  »  tutrt  ^ 
tStJtu*  »rl$,  a  photograph  of  iha  tame). 

TI<  That  on  tha  —  day  of—  tha  librarian  of 
Cengraaa  did  racord  tha  nama,  daacriptlon,  and 
titia  of  aald  copyright  book  (»r  04lur  »rlieit,n»m. 

ing  /I),  tn  conformity  with  tha  lawa  of  tha  United 
■tataa  raapaeting  copyrighta,  •  cartlAcata  of 
which  recording  la  hereunto  attached,  marked 
"  Bahlbit  B,"  and  mada  ■  part  hereof. 
▼II.  That  en  the —r- day  of , and  thereafter. 


ha  did  give  notice  of  hia  aald  copyright  {i/ii  M 
*  hfk,  Mv,  by  interttng  in  the  Mveral  co«ei  of  avrry 
•dithm  puDlMnad,  on  [tne  pan  ImaMdiateiy  fbUowingJ) 


the  title-page  thereof  the  nUewIng  worda,  via. : 

{(fa  map,  chart,  muiiemfi  e»mpftti»H,  print,  tul, 
n^fraving,  ^tttttgrapk,  painting,  drawing,,  irhrtmo, 
ilatnt,  ttatnaty,  «r  mitUl  ar  tUtifn  intt  'd  i»  t* 
ptrfittMi  and  nmpMtd  at  a  *rerf  ^  tlu  jint  artt, 
mi\  by  InaeriMag  npoa  awha  triaibia  portion 
tharaof,  or  of  tho  avbotanoa  cm  which  tha  aama 
ahall  ba  mounted,  the  foUowinc  worda,  via.) 
**  Bntered  according  to  act  or  Congreaa,  In  the 
—  — ,  by  A.  B.t  in  the  office  of  the  Li- 


brarian of  Congreaa,  at  Waahlngtoa ;"  («r 
right,  I*-,  by  A.  a") 


'Copy 


tkc  InMncvhmm*  to  yuw  !■•]»•■«• 
I««,  ff>riiiUitf .  •*  iNikltoMac  •  BmA, 

0*a*i«ia*  mm  iMto«a  i 

▼in.  That  aald  C.  D.,  oa  tha day  of . 

and  after  tha  recording  of  Om  title  of  aald  book 
aa  aforaaald,  did,  wiAin  tha  term  limited  by 
law,  and  without  tho  cowaewt  of  tho  proprietor 
of  tfie  copyright  Irat  obiataed  in  writing,  aigned 
In  oreeenea  or  two  ar  mora  witneaaae,  prtat,  pub- 
Uah  r*r  import ), '«r  knowing  the  MBie  to  be  «o  printed, 
pubUtbcd,  «r  imported),  a^l  and  aapeoa  to  aale 
copiea  of  auch  book. 

That  by  reaaon  of  tha  pramiaea  aald  A.  B.  haa 
been  prevented  aelttng  — •  cm>lea  of  aald  book, 
and  hie  proUta  in  aald  eapyrlght  haa  baaa  dtmin- 


doUaia. 

IX.  laid  A.  B.  theraibra  wrayt  Jndgmoatt 
That  aald  C.  D.  abatt  render  an  Recount  of  all 
rlntlac.  |l«iimahlnt,  and  impaitaUaai  of 

nob  from unto  —.ate., etc. 

That  aald  C.  D.  abaM       * 


with  every  copy  tberoof.  ao  prlatad.  piMii 
and  imported,  eie.,  unto  Mm,  tha  aaM  A.  B. 
That  aald  C.  D.  aiiall  alaa  (MUt  and  pa» 


him,  tha  aald  A.  B.,  • 


p^iwta 


^atlan  daihagaa. 
Tiiat  aaM  C.  O.  bia  hatieafofth  at^afiia^  and  ra- 
atralnod  flrom  prlMiac.  pubRMdoi,  aHd  Impott- 
ing  aald  boak,  and  tiram  cowmittMir  iStt  fHtther, 
or  other  olmllar,  li^nriea  ratatUig  to  aaid  r«py 

iSat  aald  &  D.  ba  awarded  Wa  coala  hofrta 
lamdat— —  doltata,atc  _ 

(AadaayliirthariaUar.)      ,   (J^awO   A.  B. 


/WtUartAPtaaramft  at 


Bitla.  •(«.,  •!«., 
IMC*MiiN«  t*  th 


■•lUH|r«N4  Bxpaajnv  t* 
tlRM*  •■  Mitowa, 


••NtlnM* 


«t«  thaltectai 

>t  aaid  C.  D.,  on  the  —  day  of 


▼III.  Thai . 

and  after  tha  recording  of  the  title  of  aald  map 

(ch«rt,  minlcal  compmiiion,  print, cut, engnivlni,  photo- 
graph, «r  chru.no;  «rdcKrlptianof  any  painting,  draw- 
ing, alatuc,  aUliMry ;  «r  mnilel  ar  daaign  InutMad  la 
be  perftctcd  and  tiectiled  at  a  work  of  th*  linaarttf, 
aa  provided  by  law,  did,  within  tho  term  limited, 
and  without  the  concent  of  aaid  nroprletor  of 


aaid 


copyrigl 
•nee  or 


;ht  Arat  obtained  In  writing,  eigned  in 


(atch,  work,  copy,  print,  publiah,  »r  import), 
(cither  In  wlinle  or  In  part,  #r  by  varying  ihe  main 
dmiga  with  intent  to  evade  the  law)— or,  knowing 
tha  aama  to  bo  ao  printed,  publiahcd,  (or  im- 
ported), aall  and  eapoae  to  aale  copiea  of 

auch  map  («r  other  article),  aa  afbreaaid. 

That ahaete  of  aald  map  (etc.)  waa,  on  tha 

day  of ,  fbund  In  the  peaaaaalon  of  aald 

C.  D.,  of  which 

— -  waa  printing. 

^—  waa  printatT 

—  waa  copied. 

—  waa  puDtlahed. 
— —  waa  imported. 

— —  waa  aapoeed  for  aale. 

(/n  tat*  rfa  painting,  ttatnt,  «r  ttaiuary,  taf  .■) 

That copiea  or  aaid waa  found  in  the 

poeaeaaioa  of  aald  C.  D. 

That  •—  copiea  of  aaid  —  waa  aold  by  aaid 
C.  D. 

That  —  copiaa  of  aaid  —  waa  aapoeed  for 
aale  by  aald  C.  d. 

MX.,  Said  A.  B.  therefore  praya  judgment  i 
That  aald  C.  D.  ahall  forfeit  unto  hlra,  tho  aaid 
A.  B.,all  tha  platea  upon  which  aaid  map  ^all 
bo  copied,  and  every  ahaet  thereof,  either  vopied 
or  prfnttid. 

That  aaid  C.  D.  ahall  fkirther  forfWt  unto  him,  the 
aaid  A,  B.,  one  dollar  for  every  aheet  of  the  eame 
found  In  hIa  poaaaaelon,  printing,  printed,  copied, 
pubilehed,  Imported,  and  eapoaad  for  aale,  aa 
aforaaaid. 
(bicau  ^  a  p^Mitv,tlattif,9r  ttmlnary.taf:) 
That  aaid  C.  D.  ahall  forfeit  ten  doUara  nr  every 
copy  «r  tho  eamo  in  hia  poaaeaaion,  and  by  Mm 
aoM  and  aapoeed  for  aale ;  one-half  thereof  to  aaid 
A.  B..  and  tha  ether  half  to  the  uae  of  the  United 
Sutea.  (■SSriwiO.  A.  a 

A.  A.,  nahttig't  (DteMranft  «r 
J>»tm»m»r't)  Attarmf. 

OmbvHiI«««  BaclMPatton.  wr  P«tlti«m. 

Htfringrmtnt  Vpem  JJramattr  CamptUiaa. 

(  Wit  and  intraAulitn  at  attvt.) 

That  A.  a  la  a  citlaea  («ri«aideM)  of  tha  United 
•tataa. 

That  A.  B.  wa8,on  tha day  er--~,haa  aver 

ainco  bten,  and  now  la,  orepriator  of  a  aabalatiM 
copyright  of  a  dramafle  #ompoaltiea  eatltlal 
(dtterOr  tub  atimtki  tarti/lettt  ^  et^rrigit),  a  «m- 
tiftcata  M  which  la  haraunto  atutdiad,  auwkod 
a«biblt"A.."  ai^  ttada  a  part  hereof. 

Thataa  dM  -—  day  of—  &  D.  «d  pnbHdy 
parfom  aad  rapreaant  aaM  dramatic  eompeaMaa 
withont  taa  eonaent  of  aaM  preprlater  tberaof,  er 
hia  boM  or  HalgM. 

That  aaM  A.  VTwm  thatabir  dapttvad  of  Am 
proflta  and  bonellta  of  aaM  perMrmanca  aad  rap- 
raaanutlOD,  ta  hia  daiaaca  —  deUara.      \ 

WharaCaraMtMA.  BT^nanda  ludgaaant  In  Hm 
aaaiaf       daMara  dainafa,  etc. 
CWBlMiwl>  WftHmrmUtmt  mr  rtrtlMva. 

I^frtmgimtnt  Vpan  Mamntr^ 

(JMi  and  tntrSdmtiti  at  afcev.) 

That  A.  a  to  I.  citlaea  («r  a  rmldcnt)  af  tta 
United  mm(M. 

That  aaM  A.  a  to  the  a«ther  (ari 
the  CMewlaK  Mnuacrlpt 


>«ther  (ar  pfopftaier)  «f 
{AttrSblg  h),  of  tta 


mkt 


MMWM 


K  cr  la  PNrt,  cr  bjr 
lln|r«N4  Bx^MiJiHr  t* 
a*iitiitM*  MM  Mltows, 
AMtoi 

>..  OD  tha  — ■  day  of  ——, 
ig  af  tha  titia  of  aaM  map 
n,  iirlnt,cul,«iicnivln(,pholo> 
:rl(itinn  of  any  painiing,  dniw- 
iikhIcI  0r  daiilBn  InuixM  ta 
1  •!  »  work  of  ih*  Ana  »m\ 
I,  within  tha  tarm  Umitad, 
ant  of  aaid  nroprlator  of 
atnad  In  writing)  algnad  la 
moro  witnaaaaa,  angrav% 
rint,  publiah,  #r  Import), 
art,  «r  by  varying  ihc  main 
rade  iha  law)— «k,  knowing 
rintad,  pubttahcd,  (or  im- 

•a  to  aala  coplaa  of 

l«),  aa  afdraaaid. 

•id  map  («ic.)waa,  oatha 

in  tha  poaaaaaion  of  aald 


aala. 

tia/H*,  «r  rimiimrf,  mf:) 

•Id— -waa  found  in  tha 


laid- 


■  waa  aaid  by  aaid 
-  waa  aapeaad  far 


ifora  praya  Judgmantt 
forfeit  unto  him,  tho  aaid 
>on  which  aaid  map  iSall 
naat  thereof,  either  vopied 

urther  forfkit  unto  him,  tlia 
ar  every  ahact  of  tha  aama 
I,  printing,  printed,  copied, 
and  esfoaad  for  aala,  aa 

Mtmiuf,  0r  timlmary.it^  1) 
forfeit  ten  doUara  far 


ia  poaaeaaion,  and  by  Mm 
la ;  one-half  thereof  to  aaid 
ilf  to  the  uae  of  tha  United 

(£^M«0    A.  & 
nintirt  {bteMrmnf$  «r 
fkMittur't)  AUrn^. 

fnMmmk,  cr  FvUttoa. 

Drmmatk  Ctmf—Uimt. 

■  («rr«aldeM)  »f  tha  UaMad 


Man  MtTtl 

I,  acafw 


lOrofriatorofaatf 
me  wnpooitlatt  . 

irauBto  attamea,  mariiad 
I  a  part  hereof. 
'  efVl.  a  D.  did  poMlBly 
laid  dtawatte  aowpoaWaa 
aaid  prepriator  thetaof,  ar 

I  thawby  dapt  Nad  of  fha 
MUd  partormanta  aad  rap- 
laga  *— *-  doUara.      \ 
mnands  judgMant  In  the 

Mfaa,etc. 

MMIM,  WP  PMIUMk 

■MaAmr.) 

MB  («r  a  natdcat)  of  tta 

M  •«llmr(«f>anpttaior)«f 
ript  (rfcacrifey  «).  •'  OM 


COPYRIGHT. 


413 


Vif^S'  ?!•  •"  *• — **y  •'  — •  <'«•  l»'n«  •"< 

puMlah  aaid  manuacrlpt  without  tha  coneent  of 
'•i'l'Hi''"'  ("•  P"  P'i«i'>r)  Arat  obuinad. 

That  by  raaaon  o'  the  premlaee  aaid  A.  B.  haa 
btfin  prevented  from  the  puhlicati.  n  and  eale  of 
aaid  work,  and  hia  proAta  In  the  eame  have  been 
tnllrely  deelroycd. 

Wherefore  he  praya  Judgment  for  the  aum  of 

dollara,  etc. 

For    oihar    prtcadenit    In  copyright    pleading,   •«« 


Shorit.  App  Mj,#/j«,.  citing,  in  relation  in  B«olc«- 
Cople.  of.  Bullcn  and  Uaiie'i  Pracedeni*.  191 :  Booli« 
-belling  topit*  of.  Id.  Id. :  Song,  4  D  AT.  147  18 
S  A*  i,»*  •  ■'  ''•  J!  V'  ^  •*•  ■■  Portiom  of  ptrlodlcali, 
16  C.  H.  1  jj, ,  mutical  compotiiion.  4  Ho  L.  ta».  Sis : 
jjL.J..«i  Each  ;  jC  Blfe;  4  Each.  14,:  a  H.  ft 
C.  Ml :  «»C.  B.  i«  il  C.  B.  197:  pnnta  by  phutog. 
r.phy.  lb  L  T.  (N.S  )o»:   L.  «tp,  a  C.  P-'tb-.^e 

lkLl^\  Vb.  a  bit     "~'''~*  '^'"' "  *-  ^^ 

C.  DjOenerallaaua. 

SalC  r.  d.  (in  peraon,  «r  byA.  Y.,Ua  attorney) 
•aye  that  hole  not  gull^.  •,-i.«»niey) 

Under  the  grncnU  ivue  the  derencUnt  may 
prove: 

of "alldU^.'"'"*  "°*  *""  »»••"»"'•  *»■•  "tfcor 
"  That  tha'plaintiflr  waa  not  tha  proprietor  of 
le  MM  eopyright,aa  alleged."  •"•»"■• 

"That  aaid  ecnyright  waa  net  a  aubalaUng 

C0Pr>i(h^.M  aUagMr  (at   the  time  of  tbeaUapS 

*lpS^.ttl'?«?.''i?.J!?»  f«'?."ot««e  of  hi, 

quired  by  law. 

copyright  In  aaid  map,  etc,  by  InacriMng  upon 

qu^   l^taU.^"  *""  •■•'•■•^' «"•«»«»««•  »^ 

■  '^  .>at  the  pUdatiff  waa  not  tha  proprleter  of. 

"IL"*!]?*  **•  "^  Mbartyof  rapraMmtii^(aad 

•Ilemd."    *'*■"*'•  (-r  muricai)  compoaitionraM 

«.'5l!r*i  SSJSS'^SJS"^^.  wwportUon  waa 
part  of  a  dramaHc  piaaa,  to  wit:  — .  adapted  to 
the  4«aga  tnr  tha  daYendMt,  with  the  aid  ofMih 
nery.  dfaaaJa,  and  alkgad  campaM^^^  ojhl^ 
inuafeMid  acsompaaAia«a,iEa  gaaaraJdMign 
•/^>««;,'«l*«w*totlonwa;  fonWl^^tSraSI 

"  l^tlM  daftndant  aaiplayad  the  plaintiff,  for 
«  :'i::J*-%f»""S^  aaidTmSkai  cor2e«; 
SiJ^f '**•  ■***  WPW^OUUOB  and  dmnatie 
piece,  and  ac  a  mare  acaMaory  to  tiia  aMna,  on 
the  terma :  that  in  caaalderaUeB  of  aaidT^JuS! 
uM  m«wi«^ Gompoaitiott  ahould  bacema partef 
•aid  dramaite  ptaMTM  daatfaad  andM  apMd  ^ 
repraaaatatteaKMld  defenSant,  and  t)Mt  aSd  da- 
fendaiit  akoaM  &«•  tha  aola  ||Bi""-"**»^"^ 


the 


copyright  in  aaidjMk,'b;  IhiUrTi'i;;  in \h;'a;;^M'l 
coplaa  of  every  edition  pubUahtd^tha  notlaa  ra- 


For  other  and  alaMkw  pracedenta  la  aieaa  im  tHiaaM 
App.  730. ««  avv>  dUe.  SJSSS^^  SSi^tXt 

I.  rmmttm  ■MIM««  to  IDm^yrtttM, 

8ec  4M«.  Any  citiara  of  tb«  Unittd 
SuMg,  or  nsidmt  tliMvin,  who  gluU  b* 
the  Mfhor.  invmter.  dMignw  or  propri*. 
tor  at  mnf  (1)  book.  (•)  nap.  (sV^SSt, 


(4-S)  dramatic  or  mutical  composition, 
(«l  engravinr,  (7)  cut,  (8)  print,  (9-10) 
pnotof raph  or  nefativa  thacaof,  or  of  a 
(II)  painting.  (la)  drawing.  (13)  rhromo, 
(14)  ataiue.  (13)  statuary,  and  of  (16) 
models,  or  (17)  designs  intended  to  b« 
perfected  as  works  of  tha  flne  arta.  and 
the  executoro,  adminiatrators,  or  assign* 
of  any  such  person,  shall,  upon  comply- 
ing with  the  provisions  of  this  chapter, 
have  the  sote  liberty  of  printing,  reprint, 
ing,  publishing,  completing,  copying,  tx- 
ccuting,  itnishing,  and  vending  tha  aama ; 
aixl.  in  the  case  of  a  dramatic  composi- 
tion. «if  puliiicly  (Nrrlurming  or  representini;  it, 
orcauHJng  it  to  l>e  performed  or  renresented  by 
olhent.'  ' 

And  authors  may  resa/vc  the  right  to 
dramatise  or  translate  their  own  work*.* 

In  ihe  coDtirucllun  of  lhi»   act,  the  wordi 

"KNGRAVING,"    "CUT,"    «ml    "PRINT."    (hall 

be  applied  only  to  nictorial  illusilratinns  or 
work*  connected  with  the  fine  arU.  and  no 
printu  or  labela  deigned  to  be  used  for  any 
other  articles  of  manufacture  shall  be  entered 
under  the  copyright  law,  but  may  be  regis- 
tered in  lh«  Paleni  Office.  And  the  commis- 
sioner of  paleniH  l«  hereby  charged  with  the 
supervision  and  control  of  the  entry  or  registry 
of  such  prints  or  labeU,  in  conformity  with  the 
regulations  provided  by  law  as  to  copyright  of 
prlntt,  except  that  Ihere  shall  be  paid  for  te- 
cording  the  tide  of  any  print  or  label,  not  a 
trade-mark,  hix  dollars,  which  shall  cover  the 
expense  of  furnishing  a  copy  of  the  record, 
under  Ihe  seal  of  the  commissioner  of  patents, 
to  the  party  entering  the  snrne.' 
Att(enee,  .See  ProI'R  1  eturs,  below. 
Amtkor,  DttigHtr,  Inventor.  See  AirrHOlt, 
ante. 

An  American  author  residing  abroad  is  en< 
titled  to  copyright. 
See  INVBNTOR,  below. 
Bo^.  A  "  book,"  within  Ihe  statute,  need 
not  be  a  volume  made  up  of  many  sheets 
bound  together.  It  may  consist  of  a  single 
sheet  or  page  of  character,  as,  for  instance, 
the  words  of  a  song,  or  the  music  accompany- 
ing a  song." 

"  Book''  is  a  general  name  given  to  everr 
literary  composition  wTiich  Is  printed. 

CihMtm  are  those  under  the  constitution  and 
laws  of  the  United  States  who  have  a  right  to 
volt  for  represeniativw  in  Congnrss  and  other 
public  officcn,  and  who  are  qualified  to  fill 
office*  in  the  oiR  of  the  people.  Any  person  born 
in  the  United  States,  or  naturaliicd  person  bom 
oat  of  tha  same,  who  has  not  loot  his  right  aa 
•»ch— -Itwludlng  men,  women,  and  children. 

ThedtiMns  of  mch  State  shall  be  entitled  to 
all  the  privileges  and  immunities  of  citixens  of 
the  several  States.* 

A  citiien  of  the  United  States  residing  in 
liiftJli'*.-  i}^  ft  *•  '•?•■«"  J-«  '•.  took 
M-illof|mi,e..,|eM.    yi-Qm^V:9.An.t\ir 


s'.< 


% 


It 


I 

§ 


MtlWWMWIBWIIWlWW^^ 


COPYRIGHT. 


ill 


i  -,i 


tny  of  tbe  State*  of  th«  Union  h  a  «lliMii  of 
Ihal  Slalc' 

At  to  citicenthip  of  children  born  in  foreign 
Undk  to  citiwnt.* 

C0mttrMfli0m  it  not  "Shapb." 

"  Dtiign,"  when  uicd  u  •  term  of  «rt, 
mcani  the  giving  of  a  visible  form  to  the  con- 
veptiunf  of  the  bind,  or,  in  other  word*,  to  the 
invention.' 

See  Patbnt*,  rrc..  pa«U 

"/niMnl»r"  U  one  who  finds  out  some- 
thing new.  One  who  contrives,  or  discovers, 
or  produew  a  thing  which  did  not  before 
esist 

See  Airnioi,  above. 

"Ma*,"  "Chart."  The  words  "Map" 
i^id  "Chart "  are  to  be  understood  as  applying 
to  a  pciticular  map  or  chart  copyrighted,  KJnce 
the,mtaralob|ect*  from  which  map*  and  charts 
ire  made  are  open  to  all.* 

PrtfriHori  an  owners.  Under  derivation 
of  titk  firain  non-resident  authors,  or  the  m- 

a^nec  of  a  work  composed  by  a  nonrettident 
en,  tber  cannot  obtain  a  copyrij^ht  therefor.^ 
The  l^af  assignee  of  the  resident  author  may 
lalte  out  the  copyright,  and  it  will  make  no 
difference  whether  he  holds  it  as  trustee  for  the 
l>enefit  of  another  or  not,** 

Xttidmt  is  one  who  has  his  residence  in  a 
place.  Residence  b  personal  presence  in  a 
fixed  and  permanent  abode.*  Residence  dif- 
fen  from  domicil,  although  it  is  a  great  mat- 
ter of  importance  in  determining  the  place  «>f 
domicil.* 

A  pcfioB,  to  bo  ontitled  to  c«H)]rrignt  as  a 
"teiideat"  under  the  corresponding  sections 
0^  previous  copjrright  laws,  and  by  inference 
mder  the  iMieat,  must  be  a  permanent  resi- 
dent of  thtt  Gountiy.  One  Umporarilv  resid- 
ing here,  it  seems,  even  though  be  has  declared 
hi»  intention  of  becoming  a  dtiten,  cannot  take 
or  hold  a  C(q>]rright.* 

See  Amignbh. 

7hM*r.    See  pRontirraii,  above. 

•^  MMr  «•  AMiass  Cupirrtclilrs. 
8m.  4M0.  Me  pwsoii  khslt  b«  ontitled 
to  a  tanri^x  .obIom  <1io  tball,  i.  befora 
pttbttUitioai  dcHver  at  the  oflke  of  the  libra- 
riaa  of  CoRgreaa».or  deposit  in  the  mail  ad- 
dremed  lb  tbe  lOnrian  of  Congress,  at  Wash- 
iMton,  tMaHict  of  CofamriM*.  a  printed  CM>y 
oTdNT  title  of  tile  toHokar^dicraiticIo.  The 
titl6-p«ge  must  be  depoaitodbefeR  publication 
of  the  book,  fn  order  to  entiti*  the  copyright  to 
protection,'  and  the  record  tarn  the  proper 
office,  made  in  die  prescribed  ttm*  ^Jrmm 
JMt  evidence  of  Ae  d^poA*  Orm^mt^- 
ima  of  the  ^jl0ti»f^0m)0tlf,'  diramo»  alMue, 
statuary,  or  modd  or  <Mbb  ftv  •  walk  of  the 
faoa#«.    In  caa»af»iywa|^atMue,  model, 

vMt  W  |*r:  Ihlm  C  C.  J9»L  •^■jp^ki-'C'  £. 


Mill  fWii>rci. 'lis.    »j£i»  w'iileli.  Eq.sii«i»d 
*!%h  #8«*  i>  IC1M.4HS  s  Pick.  3|»  t  Mm. 


or  design  Intended  to  be  protected  as  a  work  of 
tde  fine  arts,  the  description  provided  for  in  this 
section  must  be  definite  and  complete,  and  the 
photograph  must  be  at  least  as  large  as  what  i« 
technically  known  as  cabinet  t\tt,^  for  which 
he  desires  a  copyright.  ( By  taking  this  incipient 
Ktcp  a  right  is  acquired  which  chancery  will 
protect  until  the  other  acts  may  be  done.'  And 
if  the  title-page  haa  been  duly  entered,  the  au- 
thor mny  maintain  an  action  for  infringement  if 
the  printed  copies  were  never  dcpovited,  and 
even  if  the  work  was  never  published  at  alU) 
Nor  iinleaa  he  ahall  alao,  a,  within  ten 
dayn  from  the  publication  thereof,  deliver 
at  the  ofiice  of  the  librarian  of '  Congress, 
ur  de|MMit  in  the  mail  addressed  to  the  libra- 
rian of  Congress,  at  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  two  copies  of  such  copyright  book 
or  other  article,  or,  in  aise  of  a  painting, 
drawing,  statue,  statuary,  model,  or  design  for 
a  work  of  the  fine  arts,  a  photograph  of  the 
same.* 

The  process  of  copyrighting  must  be  gone 
through  with  in  the  cose  of  every  volume  of  a 
work  separately.' 

i-«s«wassla»«t*is  im  lLlkrMrl«ti  •t  Cms- 


Croaa,  Acc*s*i|NkBiylMV  TlUoo  or 
•criMllosia. 

Place  — >,  Date . 

Librarian  of  Cengreae,  at  Woahlngten,  Diatrlct 
of  Columbia :  _ 

Bncleaad  And  for  depoalt  In  year  olBca  a  printed 
copy  (Mch)  of  the  title  (cr  dnKripiloa)  of  a  beok 
(map,  chart,  cr  WA#r  wtrk),  the  ricbt  whaieef  A.  B. 
claloM  aa  author  (orlflnaior,  tr  proprlMor),  in  con- 
formity with  tlie  laws  of  the  United  ttataa  re. 
apactloa  eopyriehta. 

^UaalTad  1— dwOars  and canta,  thaaame 

beinc  mc.  each  fbr  recording  the  aame. 

Alsollod dollaraand cent8,iimracop)rof 


the  foUewini  of  aaid  titlea  (tr  d«Mriptlom),  under 
jreuromcia' 


No.- 


cial  seal,  via.  t 


A.  ■•, 
Auiktw  (0r  Att^rMar). 


l*oolMws«or*o  mtmtp*  flsr  TlUoa. 

80c.  4961.  The  poatmaotor  to  whom 
such  copyrlcht  book,  titlo,  or  othor  Mtklo 
la  delivwtd,  ahall,  if  rtqnMtod,  glva  a 
rocoipt  therefor;  and  when  so  deliveired  he 
shall  mail  it  to  iu  destination;* 
I       Post  Oflwe. 

Received  titia  day,  tnm  -7-^.  one  paclmye  tmpf; 
ilalil  maiaai  fffrtrrn — •" '"  "T —  — P' 

to  Llbrariaa  of  Congreea,  Waahiogton,  D.  C  " 

•—rj'.  If. 
*»r0.  Y. 


tetSa M.  maU.  la  a  paehafe.  on  the  eutalde 

of  whick  ttM  wolrda  "copyrlgiit  matter"  were 


wmsmmmm 


e  protccicd  m  •  work  of 
(Ion  provi(le<l  for  in  thii 
s  tnci  complete,  and  the 
IcMt  M  large  as  what  U 
cabinet  tUe,^  for  which 
( Bjr  taking  thi«  incipient 
\a  which  chancery  will 
icti  may  be  done.'  And 
en  duly  entered,  the  au- 
ction lor  infringement  if 
re  never  depoiited,  and 
never  publitned  at  alU) 
1  alto,  a,  within  tan 
cation  theroof,  deliver 
librarian  of '  Congrcu, 
addreiaed  to  the  Tibra- 
Vathington,  Diilrict  of 
of  tuch  copyright  book 
in  eaae  of  a  painting, 
ry,  model,  or  detign  for 
ts,  a  photograph  of  the 

^righting  mutt  be  gone 
le  of  every  volume  of  a 

jrlHff  TlUaa  mr   !!•• 

Place  — •,  Data 

,  at  Waahiagton,  District 

•it  in  your  elBcc  a  printed 
(«r  dracriptloa)  of  a  back 
i),  tiM  rl«tit  whveof  A.  B. 
uor,  »r  prwrictor),  in  caa- 
ef  the  ViOtad  Statea  ra> 

aa4  — —  casta,  tba  aame 
rdiag  the  aama. 

b4 c«ata,C»rac«p)ror 

Ilea  («r  dwcriptloi),  aadar 


xVlHpwW#>y« 


Aulhmr  (t 

•Mipt  ito  nuMb 

postmaatar  to  wbon 
[,  titla,  or  othat  aiticla 
if  raqvMtad,  glvo  a 
d  when  lo  deliveied  he 
ination.*' 

•tOflca. 

Data-— y 
m  — >>  ana  packaga  capjr- 
liaaloa  b*  •aail,  aMfaaaad 
ia,Waaafl(|taa,D.£^ 

VwD.  Y. 


•f  the  thlaaf  a  baak  (aiaJ 
titta  of  wMch  la  la  tha  feW 
mitktIilUMit  tm/Ul),  aad 
ta,  feaa  ar  tM  Ubrariaa  of 
tha  aaoM,  ware  dapoalM 
I  packaga,  oa  tha  outaida 
GopyrIgM  aaatter  "  ware 

i9Wcad.  ti;  iiLa.  in;  5 
nm.  loth  ad.  ST4  "n.S»«J  »» 

»» l.*«»t5**'!«  5  **""  *•«• 

la.  I  Am.  b.  r 


I J  conita,  I  ABi.  b.  Reg.  jj. 
W.|«»»    l-tll«n»a,a|a, 

■•79^ild.|«6i. 


COPYRIGHT. 


plainly  writlaa,  and  which  was  addreiwid 
brarlaa  of  Coogreaa,  at  Washington   " 


411 


■■••a,"LI- 
,  Dlilrlct  of 
P.  M. 


I'tttmotUr. 

■•aclpt  or 


Columbia. 

No. . 

UhrmrlMi  %t  r«N«rMMi* 
TItlMi,  Bla. 

[t.  •!  Library  of  Congrm 

-.      ,  .  Waahlnt — , 

Sin  la  reply  to  your  cammunlcailon  of  — 


jgton, 

—  .  —  yealyto  your  cammunrcallo:.  .. 
hava  to  advlM  you  that  • In  copyright  fcaa  la 


received,  and  iltlaa  aecompanylDg  duly  tn 

tared.  Very  reapectfully,  ' 

L.  C,  Ukmrimm^CMifrii,. 
Sec.  4M9.  Tha  proprialor  of  vrtxy  copy- 
right booh  or  other  articla  ahall  deliver  at 
tha  offlca  of  tha  librarian  of  Congraag,  or 
depoait  in  tha  mail  addraaaed  to  tha 
librarian  of  Congraaa.  at  Waahington, 
Diatrici  of  Columbia,  within  ten  daya  after 
ita  publication,  two  complate  printed 
coplaa  tharaof,  of  the  beat  edition  i«»iied,  or 
datcriptlon  or  photograph  of  auch  articla 
as  hereinbefore  rcauircU,  and  a  copy  of  every 
Bubaetjuant  oditlon  wherein  any  aubaun- 
lial  changaa  ahall  ba  made." 

Sac.  4960.  For  avary  faUura  on  tha  part 
of  tha  proprietor  of  any  copyright  to  da- 
liver,  ot  depoait  in  the  inaii.  either  of  tha 
publiahad  copiaa,  or  dcacription,  nr  pho- 
tograph, required  by  Sections  4956  and  49  cq, 
the  propriator  of  the  copyright  ahall  ba  liable 
to  a  panalty  of  tw«nty>flVa  doUara,  to  be 
recovered  by  the  librarian  of  CoDgrett,  in  the 
name  of  the  United  Slates,  in  an  action  in  the 
nature  of  an  action  of  debt,  in  any  district 
coutof  the  United  Statea  within  the  juriadiction 
of  which  the  delinquent  may  reside  or  be  found.* 
CmasNulnsaiMi  to  Ukmrlaai  it  Ooss. 

.ri«':f'&?»2iSr*^  '*  ^— •"«»•".  wa. 

Baeleaed  plaaaa  Bad  lar  depoait  la  your  oOca 
two  compUa  capiea  of  the  beatediUea  afa  b«»k 
(map.  chart,  tr  tOtr  wtrt),  tha  right  wheraef  A. 
■•  •ir**"".'^'*  .*S*^  /orlalaaw,  j^  Bn>prletOT),  In 
'Conformity  Wiethe  (awa  oft^a  (Aiud  gtatn 
resMcUageepyrlghta.  """" 

lor^  BMalMt  flar  Two  0*h« 
|M*toCoyiM,ai«. 

nf*.Tr         ..       .  PeatOaee. 

w    t* ."TT  d*f  •' .two  complete  copies 

best  MUtloa  laaoad  wera^dopealtMl  In  tha  —  ll! 
2^i?.!LE*2!P' •■  »«».'W»tslda  of  which  tha 
worda  *'  aapyrigEt  matter  "  were  plainly  written. 
and  whM  WMaddraastd,  ••  LHwarlaa  of  Ob»- 
pma, at Waahugtaii. oS^ct ofcSUiwi."  "^ 

P.  M.,/W«K.M<^. 

N.I      «1g>;o«o  ■DyiHaa.  loT 

ee^*Jf^il'!2!l^*'**'»<^'^«~  «"•«• 


mn^ 


"  Sac.  40-8.  TKo  Librarian  of  Congreaa 
ahall  receive  from  tha  persons  to  whom 
the  services  detignatad  arc  rendered  tha 
following  feea :" 

'•  I.  For  recurdln^  the  title  or  dexcriplinn  of 
any  cop>-iight  book  or  other  article,  fifty  cents. 

"  1.  For  every  copy  under  seal  of  such  record 
actually  given  '.o  the  pcmon  claiming  the  copy- 
right, or  hit  as  '-1H,  fifty  cenU. 

"  J,  For  re-.,.uing  and  certifying  any  Instru- 
ment of  writing  for  the  assignment  of  a  copy, 
right,  one  dollar. 

"4.  For  every  copy  of  an  asn^gnment,  one 
dollar. 

"All  fees  so  received  shall  be  paid  into  the 
treasury  of  the  United  States." 

Sac.  4957.  The  librarian  of  Congress  shall 
record  the  name  of  tuch  copyright  b<x)k,  or 
other  article,  forthwith  in  a  book  to  be  k<pt  for 
that  purpose,  in  the  words  following:  "  Library 
of  Congress,  to  wit ;   Be  it  remembered  that 

on  the .  day  of  — , ,  A.  B.,  of , 

hath  deposited  in  this  office  the  title  of  a  book 
(map,  chrtrt,  or  otherwise,  as  the  cue  may 
be,  or  description  of  the  article),  the  title  or 
description  of  which  is  in  the  following 
words,  to  wit :  (here  insert  the  title  or  descrip. 
tion),  the  right  whereof  he  claims  as  author 
(originator,  or  proprietor,  as  the  cane  may  be), 
in  conformity  with  the  !:iwt  of  the  United  States 
rerpecting  copyrighu.  C.  D.,  Librarian  of 
Congress."  And  he  shall  give  a  a>py  of  tha 
title  or  description,  under  the  seal  of  the  libm- 
rlaij  of  Congress,  to  the  p:oprietor  whenever  he 
shall  require  tt.» 

The  requirements  of  sectiois  4956,  4957, 
4958,  must  be  strictly  complied  with  to  secure 
a  copyright.* 

Cav«lfla4  Com,  or  Tlito  mw  n^mwiptUm 

[L.  s.J  Ubrary  of  Congreaa. 

T-TTTs?'.-  •.  *^I»J^'f»»»  <»«•.  WaehlBgtoB. 

Towli:  Ba  It  remomberad  I 

That  en  tha day  of ,  A.  D A  B. 

tiZ^int^JtL'lSll^'y'  "'"i  •'  daacJiption 
or  wnieb  la  Ip  tha  foUowInc  worda.  to  wit  •  li^t^ 

clalma  aa  author  (origiiMior.  #r  proprietor,  m,  Z 
iK5.2R.*'ki"  «»f»rmlty  with  the  lawa  of  ttl 
Uaitad^utaa  raapMsUog  cepyrlghta.  " 

L.  <5,  Lttrmrmn  ^  Cm^ru*. 
%.  Vottoo  mt  Copyvlckt. 
Sac.  4^.  No  pertoQ  ahall  maintain  an 
action  ito  tha  iaMoMment  of  hia  copy, 
right  onlaas  ha  ahalffiva  notlca  thatcof 
by  Snaarting  in  tha  aavaral  copiaa  of  avary 
adltion  publiahad  on  tha  tiUa-paga  or  tha 
pa«  immadlataly ftoUowing.  if  itba a  book ; 
or  if  a  map,  chart,  musical  composition,  print, 
cot,  engraving,  photograph,  painHng,  drawing, 
chromo,  statae,  statuary,  or  model  or  design  in- 
tended to  he  perfected  and  completed  as  a 
work  of  the  fine  arts,  by  InacribiM  upon 
aoma  vlsibla  portion  thereof,  or  of  the  sub- 

I  stance  on  which  the  same  shall  be  mounted, 
^.    l»-Id.  |9t :  Rev.  x%n^;  Id.  |9t.  ^i  HalcllC 


% 


■  ""••'■Tm'ttwrwmt 


tmmu 


innwatwii 


4*« 


COPYRIGHT. 


the  following  words.  vU. :  ••  BnterMi  ac- 
cording to  act  of  Congraaa,  in  the  vtar 

,  by  A.  B..  in  th«  otBca  of  the 

Librarian  of  Congreaa,  at  Waahington ;" 

or,  at  hi»  option  the  woni  "Copyrtgnt,"  to- 
gether with  ine  yeitr  the  copyright  wu  entered, 
and  the  nkme  of  the  pttrty  hw  whom  it  wm  taken 
out,  thuat  "Copyright,  i4— ,  by  A.  B." • 

Where  a  work  coniUti  of  a  number  of  vol- 
aipea,  the  lmert!o«t  of  the  notice  on  the  page 
next  following  the  title-page  of  the  first  volume 
of  the  work  w  a  (u%ient  compliance  with  the 
ttalute.'  The  author  may  inaert  the  lame  no- 
lice  in  another  edition  withoui  impairing  the 


coHTiright 


The  record  or  notice  most  be  accurate  in 
point  of  (late,  for  an  error  in  Ihia  would  be  a 
fatal  defect  in  the  aathor'aor  proprietor**  copy- 
right.' 

8*0.  4963.  Every  person  who  ahall  in- 
aatt  or  Impreaa  auch  notice,  or  worda  of 
the  aama  pi«rpert,  in  or  upon  any  book,  map, 
chart,  mu»ic«l  compoeition,  print,  cut,  engrav- 
ing, or  photograph,  or  other  anicle,  fot  which 
be  haa  net  obtained  a  copyright,  ahall  be 
liable  to  a  penalty  of  one  hundred  dollars, 
recoverable  one-half  for  the  person  who  ahall 
sue  for  such  penalty,  and  one-half  to  the  use 
of  the  United  State*.* 

Sale  op  ConraioMT.  Where  an  author 
selU  the  copyright  of  a  work  published  under 
his  own  name,  and  covenants  with  the  pur- 
chaser not  to  publish  any  ether  work  to  preju- 
dice the  sale  of  it,  another  pubUaher  (who  has 
no  notice  of  this  covenant)  may  be  restrained 
from  pnbliahingawork  sabaequentlir  purchased 
by  him  from  tte  same  author,  and  {Hiblished 
under  his  name  on  the  same  suoject,  but 
under  a  difierent  title,  and  though  there  be  no 
piracy  of  the  first  book.* 

Where  no  such  covenant  haa  been  entured 
Into,  and  the  publisher  has  agreed  with  the 
author  for  an  edition  of  history  or  the  like,  and 
the  work  is  completed,  a  continaation  of  such 
work  by  the  aathor,  independently  or  with 
another  publisher,, is  no  violation.of  the  pre- 
vious contraet.r 

If  an  anthor  Mils  hta  copyright  ki  a  work 
for  a  limited  term,  the  mbliiher  may,  except 
in  cose  of  actual  fraud,  continue,  aftur  the 
expiratkm  of  the  term,  to  sell  copies  of  the 
work  printed  during  its  continuaiice.* 

A  contract  for  the  sale  of  a  cof^rii^  2a  en- 
forceable in  equity.* 

See  TtMurtM.  op  Copykioht,  below. 

Sau  op  EmTioM,  ETC.  Where  an  anthor 
hu  sold  an  cdkion  of  a  girm  niunher  of  copies 
to  one  pablisher,  he  is  not  at  Ubertv  before  they 
are  sdd  to  publish  the  same  work  himself  or 
throoi^  another  publisher  in  such  a  manaer  a> 


iHaidif.  iM-   lwSiu'atStu.i;  «L.y.jj-;...,r-.  -- 
ttim,  tu.  >4fii«  S«*.  Cas.  T»:  (K.  E.)  ««.    ■- 


90:  10 


to  compete  with  the  edition  he  has  sold,  but  Is 
bound  to  alTord  the  publiiher  a  full  opi>ortu- 
nily  of  realiiing  the  Ijencfil  of  hit  contract.* 

TH«  STATtrra  or  raAuoa  applies  10  con- 
tracts between  authors  and  publithcrt  in  the 
preparation  or  publication  of  literary  matter.* 

TBMH  or  t^rrmwnr.  m  t«aiiii. 

■ec.  49sa-  Copyrighta  ahall  be  granted 
for  the  term  of  twenty-eight  yeara  from 
the  time  of  recording  the  title  thereo'  in  the 
maimer  hereinafWr  directed.* 

— ronUiianaie*  of  14  Tears. 

Sec.  4M4.  The  author,  Inventor,  or  de- 
aigner,  if  he  ba  still  living  and  a  citisen  of 
the  United  Btatea  or  raaident  therein,  os 
hie  widow  or  children  If  ha  b«  dead,  ahall 
have  the  aama  axclusiva  right  continued 
for  the  forthar  term  of  fourteen  yeara, 
u|x>n  recording  the  title  of  the  work  or  de- 
scription of  the  article  ao  secured  a  second 
lime,  and  complying  with  all  other  regulations 
in  regard  to  original  copyrighu,  within  six 
months  before  the  expiration  of  the  first  term. 
And  such  person*  snail,  within  two  month* 
from  the  date  of  said  renewal,  cause  a  c<^py  of 
the  record  thereof  to  he  published  in  one  or 
more  newspapers,  printed  in  the  United  Stately 
for  the  space  of  four  weeks.* 

The  taking  out  of  a  second  term  ot  a  copy- 
right is  not  like  the  strengthening  of  a  defec- 
tive title,  but  rather  like  a  new  interest  ob- 
tained after  the  general  interest  has  expired.* 
The  extension  provided  for  applies  exclusively 
to  the  author,  his  widow  or  children.* 

An  aa^piee  idone  cannot  lake  out  a  second 
or  extended  term  unless  he  ha*  clearly  and 
unequivocally  contracted  and  odd  Cor  ft,  and 
is  entitled  to  be  protected  in  it  tn  equity  rather 
than  arr  ;nling  to  any  mere  technical  rule  of 
law.* 

TiTU.  There  cannot  be  what  is  t«rmed 
copyright  in  a  single  word,  althoarii  the  word 
shoolabe  used  as  a  fttting  title  for  a  book.> 
The  copyright  oontemplalM  by  the  act  must 
be,  not  in  a  single  word,  but  in  some  words  ia 
the  shape  of  a  volume,  or  port  of  a  volume 
which  is  coiRiMS'.Jca  $d  $0  the  pab!k^  h^  which 
the  public  are  benefited,  and  in  return  fm 
whida  a  certain  protection  is  given  to  the 
author  of  the  work.  Nor  will  any  fjmonnt  of 
expenditnra  incurred  upon  a  work  not  yet 
givenr  to  the  world,  or  say  outlay  in  advertne- 
menls  of  the  title  of  the  work,  give  a  right  to 
au  injunction  restraining  another  penoo  from 
using  the  same  titled  But  though  two  period- 
icals or  books  may  have  a  similar  title»  the 
form,  title,  and  mode  of  pablication  of  one 
cannot  be  imitated  by  anotlier  in  such  a  Ban- 
ner as  would  necessarily  mislead  the  public 


ii. 


i«aaiwliiMaiii6iili 


immmmmmammmm 


<li(lon  h«  hM  lold,  bat  li 
publither  •  full  op|>urtu- 
cnefit  of  hit  contract.* 
rRAiJDC  applin  to  con- 
r«  and  publUhcrt  in  the 
Uion  of  mtnty  matter.* 

mittllT.  M  TBAIM. 

Ichta  alMll  b«  framed 
'aniy<alfbt  yaara  from 
;  the  title  thereo''  in  tiie 
lected.* 

««  mt  14  Tmim. 

utbor,  invantor,  or  da- 
living  and  a  citiaaa  of 
or  raaidant  tbarain,  oi 
an  If  ha  b«  daad,  ahall 
lualva  rictat  continued 
ran  of  fourtaan  yaara. 
title  of  the  work  or  de- 
:le  to  iccured  a  second 
with  all  other  resalalloni 
il  copjrrighti,  wiihin  lix 
piratlon  of  the  fiiet  term, 
nail,  within  two  month* 
renewal,  cause  a  cqpy  of 
>  he  pabliahed  In  one  or 
nted  in  the  United  States, 
weeks.* 

a  second  term  of  a  copjr- 
itrengthening  of  adeiec- 
like  a  new  interest  ob- 
ml  interest  has  expired.' 
«d  for  applies  exclusively 
low  or  children.! 
cannot  take  out  a  aacond 
nleas  he  baa  clearly  and 
cted  and  paid  for  ft,  and 
cted  in  it  in  (^ttity  rather 
ijr  mere  technical  rule  of 

innot  be  wliat  b  tanned 
word,  althoorit  the  word 
I  fitting  titla  for  a  book.' 
■pklca  by  tha  act  must 
>ra,  but  in  aoma  words  ia 
roe,  or  part  of  a  volume 
sd  to  tfe«  pafeltej  ^7  wlbkh 
ifited,  ana  in  return  for 
atectton  ia  given  to  tlie 
Nor  will  any  uauMiit  of 
1  upon  a  work  not  yet 
r  aoy  outlay  in  advertise^ 
the  work,  give  a  right  to 
ning  anothw  panon  bom 
Bat  though  two  period- 
bava  a  ainular  liiW  Ibe 
la  of  pablicatton  of  one 
ly  anotner  in  such  «  mvt- 
lerily  mislead  iba  poblie 


9-4  ScetH. 


^ 


N.  R. 


s-^""* 


r.S.Vtn.'JWyft.VtL  tt^ 
I»p4,  title  IX  Ch.  s,  J  «». 
>  1ft  I  «»H>  "•''■•  !."«•  «li> 


eorVKlGIIT-CORPORATTONS. 


and  Induce  them  to  purchase  the  latter  work 
u  continuing  psrts  of  ihe  former  one.' 

f'aiit  and  /WtmHomi  7»//«.     I»ubllca- 

lions  whose  titles,  Advertisements,  and  preten- 
lions  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  public  are 
not  entitled  to  anv  protection.      By  this  is 
mettnt  works  which  are  subversive  of  gcxxl 
order,  morality,  or  religion.     Indeed,  it  woulil 
IHJ  unjust,  where  literary  productions  are  en- 
tirely innocenl.  harmless,  and  permissible,  to 
deprive  the  author  of  a  nomdt-^umt  whereby 
In  conceal  his  name,  if  he  from  modesty  or  for 
the  succeu  of  his  work  desired  to  do  so>     In 
luch  a  case  there  is  no  serious  design  to  de- 
ceive the  purchaser  or  prevent  an  interposition  to 
suppress  any  evil  tendency  the  work  may  effect. 
TaANsrcR  or  Copvrioht. 
Copyright  may  be  transferred  by  writing  or 
parol  in  Ihe  same  manner  as  other  personal 
pr..perty.     In  tha  latter  case,  in  order  to  l>« 
limding  in  law,  it  must  be  recorded  in  the 
office  from  whence  Ihe  copyright  issues ' 

TaANSLATioNi  into  English,  German,  or 
sny  other  tongue,  of  works  pub.lshed  in  other 
IsngusKes,  if  original,  are  entitled  to  copyright. 
If  a  foreign  work  is  not  protected  by  inter- 
nstkmal  copyright  it  is  open  to  any  one  to 
Irantlata  It,  but  a  translation  ali«ady  existins 
II  the  product  of  the  translator's  mental  labor, 
snd  his  property  in  tt  must  not  ba  infringed. 
Independent  recourse  must  ba  bad  by  subw- 
quent  translators  to  the  common  original  source 
"A  man  has  a  right  to  a  copyright  Tn  a  transla- 
ion  upon  which  he  has  bestowed  his  Hme  and 
labor.  To  be  sure  another  man  hoi  an  equal 
right  to  translate  :he  original  work,  and  to 
publish  bis  translation,  but  than  it  must  be  his 
own  translatkm,  by  bis  own  skill  and  labor. 


41? 

irinll  ""  '"^•''  •''•y  ■'•  •*l""y  Inviolable 
while  they  remain  unpublished,  an.l  the  auihor 

not  as  he  thinks  fit.  and  to  hiniler  their  publi 
cahon,  ei^er   „  whole  or  in  ,*rt.  b,  anyone 

Ti  u  ^  "•  •  •««'"•'••  property  in  the  un 
pu'l-hed  pro<lucts  of  his  m2nt.f  lalK>r..  the 
author  is  no«  indsUed  to  the  coitynghl  laws  • 
his  right  IS  independent  of  statute,  anil  depen.li 
entirely  on  the  common  ^  *  right  of  property. 

The  sale  by  the  autl.ur  of  several  ihiuund 
co|Hes  of  a  musical  composition  in  Ihe  menu- 
•cnpt  did  not  defeat  tl^^uthor's  right  to  a 
cowright.'  ■  ■ 

The  mere  parting  with  Ihe  possession  of 
manuscrijit.  or  intruding  its  possession  to  an- 
other person,  or  a  permission  to  another  to  lake 

m  J!*'*.'  '"P?'"'  "'•  wanuscri,)!,  does  not 
authorise  its  publication  by  ihat  other  person  • 

An  authors  rights  concerning  unpublished 
manusenpis  do  not  depend  wholly  upon  the 
common  law.  They  ai«  the  subject  of  stat- 
utory regulation. 

See  Inprinoemint,  itc. 

.  ^V'K  J**?  !*»?'*«<«>'  of  a  copyright  may 
transfer  it  by  last  will  and  testanXt.  In  tK 
al*rnce  of  such  will  it  passes  in  the  same 
manner  u  other  personal  property.* 


snd  not  tha  mere  use  and  publication  of  the 
translation  made  by  another.'** 

If  a  foreigner  tnuMloias  an  English  copyright 
work,  and  then  a  subject  or  resident  retrans- 

'*.!t'  *»"^<n  ''*'*  '""o  English,  this  hut 
would  ba  an  infrinsamant  of  the  original  oopy- 
nght.  and  ft  would  ba  no  defence  that  the  re- 
Usnslator  waa  not  aware  that  thf,  worit  he 
tonslaled  was  itself  a  transUiion  iiom  an  Bns- 
lish  work.*  ■ 

A  translation  is  not  a  copy  of  a  book  wiihin 
the  meaning  of  Ihe  sUtuie.*  The  words  "  copy 
of  a  book  '^  mean  a  transcript  or  copy  of  the 
entire  book.r 

"''f^"*™^*»«»-  Every  new  and  In. 
Docent  pradw^  of  mental  labor  which  has  been 
mbodied  in  writing  or  somcother  material  form 
becomea  the  exclusiva  propertv  of  its  arnhor. 
Whether  the  ideaa  thus  publlklied  take  the 
«hape  of  written  maauscripia  of  literary,  dra- 
matic, or  musical  coaspooitHm,  or  desims  for 
works  of  ornament  or  utility  planned  l)y  the 
M  Ves.  SIS.    MCaaipb.l!  slf.ftS  »ls  B.  ft 


i>s   '.•Yi*ll'''  »J-JkN.««.!Se.8e«:C»s.(N. 
f«rl>.  Ch.  MJI  t  Pm.  4y- 

Jw.jljsH.ikCJ.«,,nS 


8™V'  ^l*'i  r 
U/.is«Ck.;i)J^u.t 


^_-  _.  Sm  KMstnnnm. 
iilSS^l  "SlPi'""  *"o  Oewcaos. 

Bo^T^fJ^^T-r,*-!.  »-  -*.  B..^..^. 
A  coarotATiON  U  a  body  eonsisting  of  one 
or  mora  natural  persons,  eaublUhedliy  law, 
usually  for  soma  specific  purpose,  and  con! 
limed  by  a  succession  of  members.  It  b  this 
last  characteri^tc  of  a  corporation,  pralonging 

\f*.v'"^  **^?."*'  *•  »"»  of  lilurallife. 
and  thereby  enabling  a  long  continued  effort 
and  concentration  oTmeans  to  the  end  which 
it  was  designed  to  answer,  that  constitutes  its 
principal  ntility.  A  corporation  b  modelled 
upon  a  sute  or  nation,  and  to  this  day  U  called 
a  body /aAr«  as  well  as  corpontta-thewby  in. 
dicating  its  origin  and  deriv«lon.  ^ 

AggrMote  corporations  are  those  which  are 

fl^T^,'^  ""*  "J~*^  memban  at  the  same 
time.  Sola  corporations  are  those  which  by  law 
consist  of  but  one  member  at  any  one  time. 
CivU  corporations  are  those  which  ar«  created 
to  facilitate  the  Uansaction  of  business.  Ec- 
clesiastical  corporations  are  those  which  are 
created  to  secure  the  public  wonhip  of  God.* 
Eleenmvnanr  corporations  are  those  which  are 
created  for  the  nurpoM  of  charities;  asKhools, 

5^^!lf  1**  ^  •?'•*/  "^  ""  Impotent,  sick, 
deaf  and  dumb,  and  the  like.*    Lay  corpora 
lions  are  those  which  exist  for  secubr  purposes  • 


lis:  ■ 


wiiaMHwariwgiaiMinffMiBww^^ 


T 


410 


CORmRATIONt. 


MontfuA  corponlionn  «re  thoM  hav  ing  ih*  power 
lo  mM«  lo«n«  upon  |)l«dffe«  orii«|>o*iU,  etc.,  In- 
luranct  md  ihe  lik«.*  Munici|)«l  corporation* 
nr«  public  corponwion*  creaitd  l»y  governmeni 
r.ir  (mlilical  |iuqio«c«,  and  having  luborditiAle 
and  local  |iaw«r«  of  It^itlailon  ;  for  txanmle  : 
Ixwoughi*,  ciliw,  countiw,  dlilricta,  p«ri»he«, 
lownn,  (ownihlpa,  eic*  ll  U  an  lnconwraii«»n 
nf  perMNii,  inhaliUanU  of  a  particular  place,  or 
cimnedcd  with  a  particular  diiirict,  tnablina 
them  to  conduct  ii»  local  civil  ffovernmenl.' 
Privala  corporati«>n»  are  thoie  whicn  ar«  created 
wholly,  or  in  part,  for  purpoaea  of  private  cmol- 
ameni.*  Public  corporallana  are  thme  which 
ore  axclativcly  inatrumenU  of  the  public  intcr- 

By  both  civil  and  common  law,  the  loverclgn 
authority  only  can  crwtc  a  corporation }  a  cor- 
rioralion  by  pre»<:rirtion,  or  to  old  that  the 
lii:cn«e  or  charter  which  created  it  it  loat.  bcii.« 
pteaumed,  from  the  long-continued  exercise  of 
corporate  powert,  lo  have  been  entitled  to  their 
toveraign  grant.  Corporation*  are  created  l>y 
leijiilative  enactment  of  a  State,  or  the  Con- 
grei*  of  the  United  State*.'  All  corporation*, 
of  whatever  kind,  are  moulded  and  controlled, 
both  a*  to  what  they  may  do  and  the  manner 
in  which  they  may  do  it ;  by  their  charter*,  or 
aii*  of  incorporation,  which  to  them  are  the 
laws  of  their  being,  which  they  can  neither  di«- 
pen«e  with  nor  aliw.  Subject,  however,  to  auch 
llroitationa  as  theae,  or  general  statute  or  con- 
stitutional law,  mav  impost,  every  corporation 
aggregate  has,  by  virtue  of  incorporation  and  t\ 
incidental  thereto  i 

I.  The  power  of  perpetual  aucceaslon,  in- 
cluding the  aidmission,  and,  except  in  the  ca*e 
of  mere  stock  corporations,  the  removal,  for 
cauae,  of  member*. 

a.  The  power  to  •«•  and  be  sued,  to  grant 
and  receive  granta,  and  to  do  all  ncU  which  it 
may  do  at  all  in  ita  corporate  na^nc. 

3.  To  pnrchaae,  receive,  and  bold  landa  and 
other  property,  and  to  trmiumit  them  in  succes- 
sion. 

4.  Tohavaacbmnnnieal;  to  make,  break, 
alter,  and  renew  it  at  pletanre. 

5.  To  make  by-laws  for  iu  government,  so 
that  they  may  be  consistent  with  iU  charter  aiid 
the  law.  Indeed  a  cofporalion  may,  within 
the  limits  of  its  chkrter,  or  act  of  incorporation, 
expres*  or  implle<l,  kwfldly  do  all  acts  «nd  en- 
ter iMo  all  contracts  that  a  natural  or  individual 
penion  may  do,  or  enter  Into,  so  that  the  same 
he  appropriate  as  means  to  the  and  for  which 
the  corporation  was  created. 

A  corporation  may  be  diswhred.  If  of  limited 
duration,  by  the  exnintion  of  the  term  of  its 
existence  fixed  by  cltarter  or  general  law(  hf 
the  loaa  of  all  iU  membcrst  or  of  an  integral 

fDMnoH*,  ab£r<.  1-4  W»tai.  4»*.  J-CiiM  VS. 
An.  1.1  rat  4  whaat.  (it.  Undar  tbi*  dau**  of  iIm 
coMHiMioii  It  hat  bMa  *«tlM,tliat  iIm  cbartsr  efa  fri- 
•at*  earMratkM,  wlMthar  cIvU  or  ti—mmpmrr.  i*  an 

AM^i^M^M  ■iisiiwiy   ^MftHMAm  ftiM  aikiMMiBMttft  juhK  laAfiO^ 

VBiVOTBVB  WMM^^t ^"Wwwww  t*^  ^Mm^m^^m^  «^«  t^^w^ 


part  of  the  corporation,  by  drnih  or  otherwise, 
if  the  charter  or  act  of  inc(/r|N>ralion  provide 
no  mode  by  which  luch  loi*  may  he  «iinpllrd ; 
by  the  turrr  tdcr  of  it*  corpornie  franchise  to, 
and  the  acccfHavtce  of  the  *urrcnd«f  l>y  the  tov- 
rrrign  auihoniyj  and,  lastly,  bv  the  forfeiture 
of  it*  charter  1^  the  neglect  of  the  duiie*  Im 
iMMed,  or  «l'-u*«  of  the  |nivilege*  conferred  by 
It  I  and  lorf'.iture  being  enforced  by  proper  legnl 
proce**. 

Although  the  charter  of  a  public  corporation 
may  be  altered  or  repealed  at  pleaiure,  the 
chnrter  of  a  private  corporation,  whether  grnnted, 
by  the  king  previou*  to  the  revolution,  or  l>y  the 
legitlaiure  of  any  of  the  Si^te*  tince,  l«,  unlen* 
in  the  latter  ca*e  express  power  be  for  that  pur- 
pose reserved,  within  the  protection  of  that 
clause  of  the  conitllulion  of  the  United  Blale* 
which  among  other  thing*  forbid*  a  Stale  fmin 
p««sing  anv  "  law  imi>siring  the  oblisatlon  of 
contract*."'  A  corporate  franchiae,  nowever, 
a*  lo  build  and  maintain  a  toll  bridge,  may,  by 
virtue  of  the  power  of  eminent  domain,  be  con 
demned  by  a  Sute  lo  public  u*es,  upon  just 
cnmpcn*ation,  like  any  other  private,  prop- 
erty.* 

ADMISSION.  In  tradin|(and  joint  stock 
corporation*  no  vote  of  admission  is  rcquioilr, 
for  any  person  who  owns  stock  therein,  either 
by  original  subscription  or  by  conveyance,  is  in 
grneral  entitled  to,  snd  cannot  be  refused,  the 
rights  and  privilege*  of  a  member.'  All  that 
can  be  required  m  the  person  demanding  a 
transfer  on  the  bodts  is  lo  prove  lo  the  corporn- 
lion  his  right  lo  ihe  property.*  In  a  mutual 
innurance  cmnpany  a  person  may  become  a 
member  by  insuring  bis  property,  paying  Ihe 
premium  and  deposit  monev,  and  rendering 
himself  liable  lo  be  asacssed  according  to  the 
rules  of  the  corporation.* 

AMOTION  (the  removal  of  an  official 
agent  of  a  corporation  before  the  expiration  of 
the  term  for  which  he  was  appointed,  from  a 
station  assigned  to  him*)  may  be  excrci*e<! 
with  or  withutit  an  expreaa  reservation  for  just 
cause  |»  and  In  the  case  of  mere  ministerial 
officen  appointed  during  the  mere  picasare  of 
those  appointing  them.a  Mere  acts  which  are 
a  cause  fur  amotion  do  not  create  a  vacancy 
till  the  amotion  ukes  place.'  The  causes  for 
ai.^otion  may  be  1  1.  Such  a*  have  no  immedi- 
ate relation  lo  the  office,  but  are  in  tbcmaelvcs 
of  so  infamoua  a  nature  aa  to  render  the  of- 
fender unfit  to  execute  any  pablic  franchise,  but 
indictment  and  conviction  must  |)rcc«de  amu- 
lion  ibr  such  eansea.  a.  Such  as  are  on'f 
against  Ms  oath  and  th«  duty  of  his  office  as  a 
corporator,  and  amount  to  breaches  of  the 
tacit  condition  annexed  to  his  office.    3.  Such 

pofatloa,  aad  thai  lbs  Iscislalwa  cannot  rsMsl,  iawalr, 
or  dlicr  it  agataM  A»  cohmm.  or  willuNtt  the  d«Mi  of 
At  corpofauea  i  }fMdMy  asestif^  fmt  dadai^^  M- 


■Hks  S  Viek.  99.   »*  llia»|.  11$.   •^  T.  R 


S>9-     I 

35»S  « 


sOveia-iia* 


BMHi 


T 


Ml,  hy  «i»«lh  Of  o(hcrwl««, 
!  of  incc<r|ior*liim  |>rnvi(le 
ich  lot*  may  he  «nnplir4  ; 
III  corpornii-  rmncnitc  in, 
iTthc  turrcntler  l>y  lh«  nov- 
A,  Uitljr,  l>v  ilie  forfeiture 
neglect  of  the  fluliet  Im- 
le  privilcftet  conferred  liy 
ng  citforced  by  proper  legal 

ter  of  »  public  corporal  inn 
re|)e«lcd  at   pleainre,  the 
trporallun,  whether  granied, 
lo  ihe  revolution,  or  l>y  the 
the  Style*  »ince,  li,  unless 
>rei«  power  be  for  that  pur 
in  th«    pmicciion  of  thai 
ulion  of  iht  United  fkatt% 
Ihlngt  forbid*  a  Slate  from 
npairing  the  oblieaiion  of 
Mfute  franchiae,  nowever, 
iiain  a  loll  bridge,  may,  hy 
af  eminent  domain,  be  con 
lo  public  uac«,  u[K>n  juot 
any  other    privata.  prop- 
In  tradln||  and  joint  Kock 
I  of  admiaaion  la  rcquisitr, 
owna  alock  Ihertin,  cither 
ion  or  by  conveyance,  i*  in 
ind  cannot  be  refuacd,  the 
«  of  •  member.*    All  thnt 
tha  peraon  demanding  a 
a  ia  lo  prove  lo  lb*  corporn- 
e  property.*    In  a  mutual 
a  peraon  may  become  a 
g  bia  propnty,  paying  Ihe 
ait  moncVi  and   ren<wrin(; 
t  aaacaaea  according  to  Ihe 
lion* 

w  removal  of  an  official 
on  before  tb«  aspiration  of 
he  waa  appointed,  from  a 
I  him*)  may  be  uutrdied 
Mpreaa  reacnration  far  junt 
I  caae  of  men  mintaterial 
Inring  the  mere  pleaaure  of 
«m.<  Mere  acta  wbidi  are 
a  do  not  create  a  vacancy 
ca  place.'  The  cauaea  for 
:.  Such  aa  have  no  immedi- 
ifficc,  but  are  in  tbcmaelvci 
lature  aa  to  render  the  of- 
ttte  any  pnbUc  franchiaa,  but 
iviction  Bitut  precede  Kno- 
tt, a.  Snch  aa  are  on'f 
I  the  duty  of  bia  office  at  a 
moant  to  breachaa  of  the 
ixed  to  hia  office.    3.  Such 

iegnbtwe  cannot  repMl.  naaalr, 
»M«at,  o>  widMM  MM  ddmh  of 

OB.    ■MMaWt.ifS.   •4T.  K 


BO.  MB.      9- 

iw.CMn.8Sj 
(hM*m>4B9 


I  •aMs.aai  aa* 
j«Wea4.i»4'    I 


CORrORATlONflL 


4«9 


M  are  an  tjtntt,  not  only  agnlnM  the  duty  of 
hi*  uAfice.  but  al«o  a  matter  indiciahle.' 

See  UltirRANCIIIlRMtNT.  Ih>I<iw. 

BODY  CORPORATE  OR  POLITIC. 

rhe»e  term*  are  undoubtedly  correct   though 
very  early  term*  am)lied  to  cortx>ration*.* 

BY-LAWt,  ORDINANCES,  OR 
RULES.  The  |i<>wer  in  make  bylaw*  i« 
usually  conferred  by  eii|>re^i  term*  of  the  char- 
ter creating  the  c<>rix>ralion ;  though,  when  nut 
e»:pre»«ly  granted.it  ia  given  by  implication; 
II  i»  iiicideni  to  the  very  exlatence  of  •  corptxa- 
tion.  Where  there  ik  an  ea|ire*a  grant,  limned 
10  vertain  ^a*e*  and  for  ceruin  |Mr)Ni*e*.  the 
ci>rpo»»(e  power  of  legidaiiun  i*  confintd  lo 
Ihe  objeii*  ipecified,  all  other*  being  excluded 
hy  imi.lication.»  The  power  of  making  by- 
law* ia  to  be  eaerciaed  by  Ihoae  urtMjn*  in 
whom  it  ia  vealcd  liy  Ihe  charter  t  but  If  that 
ii>*trument  it  itllent.  it  re«ide«  in  Ihe  member* 
nf  the  corporation  nt  large.* 

The  Conuitttiion  of  the  United  Stalea  and 
.<«t»  of  Congrcaa  enacted  in  conformity  thereto, 
Ihe  conatituiion  of  the  Slate  in  v.  hich  a  cor- 
poration ia  located,  and  act*  of  i>  e  legUIature 
tnacted  in  conformity  thereto,  i>geiher  with 
the  common  law  a*  therein  accepted,  are  of 
-uperior  force  lo  any  by-law  j  and  any  ny-law 
I ontrary  to  either  of  them  i«  void,  whether  the 
•  barter  anthorisea  the  making  of  tuch  by-law 
•NT  not,  far  no  legialatare  can  grant  power 
greater  than  IhcT  ihcmselvM  poHaeaa.* 

CAPITAL  BTOCK  it  not  only  the  tum 
divided  into  there*  and  raited  by  mutual  tub- 
wri|«ion  of  the  mcmbera  of  a  corporation,  but 
nito  Ihe  num  upon  which  eallt  may  be  made 
u|inn  Ihe  atockholden  and  dividenda  are  lo  be 
paid."  It  ia  the  capital  of  the  corpoiaiion. 
It  it  entered  In  the  proper  bcoka  in  the  name 
of  the  penon  owning  It,  and  can  only  be  trant- 
ferred  by  auch  penon  or  hit  attorney.  Certifi- 
catet  art  itaaed  to  th«  perton  to  whom  it  it 
irantferredi  and  when  >  new  tr|ntfer  it  eflTected, 
such  certilicalc  turrendered  and  cancelled,  a 
new  one  being  ittntd  to  Ihe  IramferKe.  Some- 
timet  it  la  told  by  delivering  the  certilicale  ac- 
companied by  a  power  of  atiomey  to  trantfer 
It,  but  atieb  a  aalt  ia  merely  an  cq-jilable 
assignment.*  Bonda  era  trantferaUe  by  de- 
livery, and  are  payable  to  hearer.  Stock  held 
hy  indivkluala  in  corporation,  whether  Statet, 
mt  iidpal,  or  private,  ia  pcttoiial  pn^terty.' 

Stock  iatned  hy  mi  agent  of  a  company  tran- 
scending hia  aatborilr,  aa  in  mm  of  over  iatue, 
IS  not  binding  on  a  corpontifln  or  cxmpany.* 
CARRfUti   COMMOH  CaKBIRM}  COIMMaN 

aRRiRRS  or  Paisbngrrs.    See  tide  Bail. 
MtiNTS,  ante. 
CMARTI*.   ALTniATIONANDRKnAt.   See 

iNTRonumojf,  above. 

COJUION    BBAL.     The    ancient   and 
iZ"S**iff '  !  ■»«•>.  4^    •■Co.  titt.  t<f,  0:  Ay 


technical  rule  'A  ihe  common  law  thai  a  cor. 
fxiriiiKin  cannot  manifest  it*  Intention  by  any 
personal  act  tr  oral  ditcourae,  and  thai  it  acts 
an<l  siwaki  only  hy  iu  common  teal,  it  no 
Umatr  law  In  lh<  United  State*.* 

Company  itrmM-rty  l*  an  ataoclatinn  of  a 
numlwr  of  indiviiluali  for  the  purpose  of  cnrty. 
ing  on  *omc  legitimate  buiines*.  ('om|)*ny  i* 
not  partnership,  usage  reserving  the  term  lo 
association*  wh<i*e  mrmlicr*  era  in  greater 
number,  with  greater  capital  and  greater  enter- 
prise. When  such  a  company  it  auihoriied  hy 
Ihe  .Stale  or  general  government  it  become*  a 
corporal  ion. 

DIRECTORS  are  appointed  or  elected 
occording  to  law  lo  direct  and  manage  the  , 
affair*  of  a  Corporation  or  company.  Collec- 
tively they  form  a  board  of  director*.  To 
make  a  legal  Imard  of  dirrclon  Ihcy  niuil  meet 
at  a  time  when  and  a  place  where  every  other 
director  has  the  opportunity  of  altoniiing  to 
cmuult  and  be  con*ulted  with  5  and  there  must 
l»e  a  sufficient  number  (iretcnl  lo  constitute  a 
quorum.^  The  acts  of  such  a  board  evidenced 
by  a  legal  vote  are  as  binding  upon  the  corpom- 
tion,  and  a*  complete  authority  lo  Iheir  agent*, 
as  the  mott  tolemn  acu  done  under  Iheir  cor- 
porate seal.* 

Direciort  are  generallv  Irtvetled  with  certain 
powert  by  Ihe  acta  of  the  Icgidature  to  which 
they  owe  Iheir  exitlence.  In  corporation* 
created  by  italulea  it  it  generally  conlemplaied 
hy  Ihe  charter  that  Ihe  but'nett  of  the  corpora- 
lion  thall  be  traatacted  cxduaively  by  Ihe 
director*.* 

Direclort  of  a  coipontion  ara  «nitlee*,  and 
nt  tuch  are  required  to  uae  due  diligence  and 
attention  lo  ilt  concernt,  and  ara  bound  to  a 
faithful  ditcharge  of  Ihe  duty  which  the  lilu- 
it  ion  impoaet.     They  are  liable  lo  the  atock- 
holden whenever  there  baa  been  groat  negli- 
gence   or    fraud,   but    not    for  unintentional 
errort.* 
See  Gkikirai.  Si-atdtis. 
DIBPRANCHISBMBNT  it  the  depriv- 
ing  a  member  of  •  corporation  of  hia  right  a* 
tuch    by  eapufcrfon.'   It  diflen  from  amotion, 
which  appliea  10  the  removal  of  an  officer  from 
office,  leaving  him  hia  righu  aa  a  member.! 
DiisoLtfrtoN.    See  Introduction,  above. 
DIVIDEND  ia  that  part  of  the  principal 
or  profiu  divided   among   the   member*   or 
Mockholden  of  «  corporation,  or  to  iU  crcditora 
upon  bankropicv,  diaaolmion.  or  iniolvency. 

EXPULSION.  Corpontiona  have  an  in. 
herent  right  of  expvUon  t  I.  Where  an  offence 
haa  been  conmitlcd  which  haa  no  immediate 
relation  to  a  member'a  corporate  d'  ty,  but  ia  of 
to  InfanHNU  a  nature  aa  lo  render  him  unfit  fcR 
the  aociety  cl  honeit  men.  at  perjury,  forgery. 


IMoar.  1*4. 
A 


n^M  tf  ^*^  A'»i«»»-  «  Cudi.  ale;  Ang. 


A.Caqp.a^. 


4 


a' 


eORPOltATlUNt. 


■ii4  Hm  llkt.  BttI  Wort  nn  niwMnn  I*  nM<lc 
for  •  CMMM  of  I  hit  kinti  ll  i«  n«(-««Mr)r  |h«i 
lh«r«  thoMM  h«  •  iMvvkni*  canvkllon  by  •  jury, 
Mcorttlng  la  ih«  law  of  Iht  land.  t.  Wh«n 
IIm  olVinc*  it  aiialnM  ht*  duty  •«  •  carpnrMar, 
in  which  etM  h«  mny  l>t  cipcilfd,  on  (rial  and 
conviction  bcfurt  lh«  ror)iurali<in.  J.  When 
lh«  adbnca  I*  buih  againM  ih«  mrmhar'a  duty 
M  a  corporator  and  alwi  indiclabU.* 

Mambtrt  of  joint  vlocli,  incnrporalati  com 
yanin,  or  of  any  corporation  owning  prttparly, 
cannut.  without  aapiiNa  authority  In  the  char- 
Itr,  b«  tapallfld,  and  ihua  d«prlv«d  of  their 
Intcmt  In  iha  g«n«ral  fund* 

Manaoiiii.    Sm  DiRcmiM,  attov*. 

NAMB.  Cornuraiiona  mutt,  In  gtncrai, 
tonlracl.  *«m  and  M  M«d,  by  their  corporal* 
■amaaJ  Yet  •  aliihl  alteration  in  Mating  th« 
•MUM  ia  unimportant,  v**n  if  Ihert  b«  no  poMi> 
Wlity  of  mlMakiag  th«  ideMlky  of  Ik*  corpora- 
lion  lulng.* 

NUMIiBR.  When  a  corporation  la  earn- 
poaed  of  an  ind«Anil«  numbw  of  |i«non«,  any 
number  of  lh«m  oonaining  of  •  majnrliy  of 
Ihoao  pTMcnt  May  do  any  act,  untm  it  be 
olherwiM  regulated  by  the  charter  or  by-law*. 

Pnwmit.    See  Imtroduction,  above. 

PRBOBCBMORt  in  a  cor|)oration  Mand 
in  the  aame  relation  to  the  •■•eeaaer  that  the 
Mcenlor  doaa  to  the  heir. 

PRBBIOBNT.  The  prcaident  of  a  cor- 
poraliw)  ueually  direcia  ib*  mode  in  which 
UnirMaa  U  to  be  tramMtetl  i  fhMi  hta  decltion 
there  it  an  ap^al  te  the  body  over  which  he 
preeidet. 

QUAM  CORPORATIONS  are  tkoM 
bodlea  or  municipal  ■oeieliea  which,  Ihoagk  not 
veeted  wiik  ike  genend  pnweia  of  eorporationa, 
are  yet  reeogniied  by  alMute  or  immemorial 
aa  pewwM  or  aggfigHt  corporation  wi^ 


predae  dnile*  whttdi  may  be  enlcKiMl,  and  privi  ■ 
lagca  wkiek  mM  k*  maitained  in  actiont  and 
anila  at  inw.  iMy  poaaeaa  lirailod  powen  co- 
mtenaive  with  the  Ailiea  ti»poa«d  npon  ikem 
bjr  ■UM<rt«  and  ■■■■,  bnt  ai«  rwtmlned  from  a 
genevd  tm  at  anthwtty.  Among  qnaai  eorpo- 
rnlkma  mmr  be  nidied  tnwna,  tmrnakip.  par- 
lahea,  knndrads.  Mid  ctkm  pnlhienl  alvWona 
of  conntiaa,  whicli  ara  aaMkblltlMd  ertthott  an 
cspreM  akaitor  nf  inaorpwation  |  ala«  eommit- 
■ionen  of  »  oawMf,  MtiicfviaiMi  of  Mgbways, 
ovcneen  of  the  foot,  lana  olRaan  of  lk«  cmmty , 
and  Ik*  like,  wkn  nr*  InifMla*  witk  «orporat« 
powata,  trnt  m«df,  «l4  Ibr  »  few  aptetlied 
pnrpoMt  entyi  but  ndl  HHk  «  be^  aa  the 
genetat  Maewkly  of  tba  INwkytwiin  cbnrch, 
which  hna  Mt  lk«  cnpnaity  In  an«  and  b« 


QUORUll  ll  the  nwnber  Nqwnd  to  tonna- 
•etbiNineaa.  There  ia  a  difliiMnM  between  an 
act  don*  hj  a  definite  number  of  peiaona  and 


IM  Ihw.  4^    ••*!«.  »  A.  Ce»  .jl.   J4  Jetwi. 


J'li  f*5L  wWin.  |*nU e'lc3n[iSi»m.  eMj 


on«*  perwwmen  by  an  In^tennife  nutnlier.  Tn 
the  lint  CM«  ■  majiaity  M  r*<|iilr«d  to  ca«»tMiilc 
a  quorum,  iinlewi  the  law  e»|ir««iy  direct*  lh«i 
aniMhvr  numtwr  may  mail*  one.  In  the  lalitt 
roM  *i'-  number  wno  may  Im  |ir*«ent  may  aci, 
the  n  >rity  of  ihtai*  |««Mni  having,  a*  in 
other  <  o,  the  right  tn  act"  KnmeiTma*  iho 
law  r«i|utre<  a  greater  number  than  a  hart 
majority  to  (mm  a  quorum.  In  iuch  caie  no 
qutMum  ia  preaent  until  wch  a  numtier  con- 
vene. 

■CRIP.  The  poweeaion  of  ecrip  certilleatet 
ii  /rim«  /m((/  eviilence  of  nwnetthip  of  ih« 
thorn  therein  deaignaled,*  HucK  eertlf^«tr« 
are  not  good*,  warea  or  iMrchandlaa  wiihip  ih< 
ttatult  of  fraudt.* 

Hharu.     !i*e  CAftT At.  Stoth,  above. 

Stock.     8ee  CVpital  Htock,  aiwve. 

ULTRA  VIRBS  are  thoae  acta  beyontf  the 
•cope  of  the  power*  of  a  onrporation  aa  defncd 
t^  the  charter  or  act*  of  incorporation. 

A*  a  genemi  rub,  anch  acta  an  void,  and 
impoaa  no  obllgnl  ur*  upon  the  corporation,  al- 
Ihongh  Ihev  aaaume  'he  form  of  contract*,  Inai- 
muck  a*  ul  perton*  dealing  with  a  corpora- 
tion, especially  where  it  I*  oteaicd  by  Ike  law* 
of  Ike  State  or  country  where  it  eaiat*,  of 
whick  every  one  i*  praiMined  lo  kava  notice 
and  infotMalion.  It  ia  oiherwiae  aa  lo  law* 
impoaing  reetraint*  npon  it  not  nontalnfld  in 
ila  charter,  where  ihe  conlmct  Is  Made  or  Ike 
IramuMtion  lake*  place  wiihont  Ike  limits  of  tkc 
Slate  or  county  under  wkoae  law*  Ike  eerpom' 
lion  ealM*.*  If,  kowever,  a  wrponulan  n> 
ceive*  money  or  oiker  valuabia  cnnelderatien 
under  tnch  a  trananclion  or  eontratf,  npon 
rescinding  vr  repudiating  dm  act  or  noniract 
nndcr  whteh  it  wm  paid  or  delivered,  k  Could 
be  reeoveicd  back  by  action  or  salt  for  that 

CrpQM.*  Soi  too,  Ike  iMrpanttion  ia  liable  to 
proceeded  agalnal  by  fM  wmrtmm,  for  the 
tHarpulon  of  powen  in  it*  nase  by  ks  oAcei* 
and  agenia,  and  deprived  of  ta  ckwler  as  a 
penally  fcratMlindla  I  tk«  defense  of  n  want  of 
power  to  bind  ik*'  Mrpomtion  not  bting  avall- 
ablt  In  Mdi  eneaa,  sineo  it  would  land  to  antlN 
ooiporaM  inwpontiyii'.y.' 

A  esnrt  of  Mpiity,  at  Ike  tnli  of  the  atock- 
koMan  of  l^  «orperndan,  will  inslraln  Ike 
commhsion  of  ncta  beyoiad  the  flnrpomle 
pnwet,  by  ln)MMti<Mi  nperaiing  npon  Ike  indi- 
vidwd  t0mf  and  dii«fll«fa,  «  wtM  M  Ike 
corpontion.*  Bat  naqni«Manot  tm  My  t^- 
atdiMnbln  Ubm  ta  tkn  mrntlm  tit  mteewlv* 
pownn  nUt*  tkey  mmw  to  Uh  kntmrlidge  of 
lk«  MndUtoMtta,  wonM  ka  n  dncWen  otijedion 
to  Mck  n  HMedy.* 


WtiiaHBIfOi  Sot 

.!•  Sot  CMiisiui,'Lft«. 


iljr  M  r*<|nlr«<i  lo  craMlMuir 
law  ti|w«nlT  dirtctt  thai 
m«ha  cm*.     IH  iIm  laiici 

0  m»y  \m  pr«««n4  may  ii-i, 
■m  imtMiil  having,  m  m 
it  In  •<!."  NoHMiTinM  ihr 
•t«r  n«mti«r  than  a  barr 
jutiTMin.  In  ttich  rat*  no 
tniil  wch  •  number  cnn- 

MifMlon  «f  tcrip  vtrdSMiM 
•nc«  uf  iiwiMTihip  ol  the 
[nal«4.*  HttcK  wxilv*"^ 
or  NMfvhandlaa  wliblp  ih« 

iMT*t  Stock,  aboy*. 
iTAL  Htock,  aliova. 
a  an  ihoM  acts  btyon^  lh« 
of  a  OMparaikm  m  4«i««ii 

•  of  IncoqxmliiMi. 

I.  Mich  Mit  ara  *oM,  And 
'  upon  lk«  corporation,  al- 
«h«  rami  of  contractt,  liia«- 

•  licaiilm  with  a  cprpora- 
rt  U  I*  0i««lt4  by  lb«  law* 
untry  wkcra  It  aslMi,  of 

prwMnMd  lo  kava  nolict 

1  k  oiharwtaa  aa  to  law« 
upon  it  not  conialnMl  in 

m  contract  la  Biada  or  lh« 
c«  without  Ike  llmiia  a<  the 
tt  whoaa  lawa  tka  eovpor*- 
owwt,  a  wfporatloii  rv 
bar  valaaMa  conalilafatien 
ucHon  or  oontrael,  tpon 
liatlng  Um  act  or  voniract 
paid  or  d«liv«r«4.  k  «o«ld 
by  adkm  or  auli  for  thai 
Ilia  Mrpontion  ia  liaMa  to 
<  hy  fit  mmrrmtm,  for  the 

■  in  ill  naBM  by  ha  ofllcan 
fwired  of  iH  cliMlar  aa  a 
I  Uw  dafaiM*  of  ft  want  of 
ori^orMlon  not  tMlng  avail- 
inea  It  wo«14  laad  M  tmira 
HV'.f.* 

1,  al  IIm  a«lt  of  Iha  aloelc 
nradon,  will  nMraln  tha 

■  bayoiad  ilia  onrpomta 
I  opaniing  «pon  the  hidi- 

dwaoUMB,  M  wfi  aa  the 
■eqniwcawa  tar  any  <«n- 
iha  aiMWiit  of  Meaaaiva 
MiMlollH  ImowlMge  of 
mid  b«  «  dadalM  abjacUon 


laa  Haaaa*- 


Saa  CanmiM,  Law. 


DAMAOKA. 


4«l 


M*Bai««ai   MiLrt*a«  L4Wi 
Hm  CurvHiMT  ■    Larraua, 


ra>aaal  Intl. 

riMMMxa. 

4  'naraapna4aaia#. 
tn 

4'*vmB«lM.  Hm  CaiHiDAL  !.*« 

4'anla.lka  Pti*i  >«  ■ 

<^W*lt.  %—  iUnmrnnmnm,   (>*»H-a  *«DOyri. 

/■M 

<%WWno|,  Saa  Ait'w  V  ;  Arfmaava 

4i«MiMM|t*r  M  l.i««.  Hm  AiiaMtv  .  Arroanavt 

4^MI««.  Im  PitAmmt 

4'WNWlor  AflMnvia.  *••  ArfiuAvira. 

V'tmmtSf.  M*  CnaiMMATtom 

4'««a«*.  Saa  SiniHo*aia»:  lla«i.  Paoraatr. 

4'naiaao  »r  TWMla.  MaaConraikcTC:  CutroM. 

4%«li>«.  la*  rniMfHm. 

J'nwnlni.  •••  Faatum. 
%«MMMitn<  Raa  CoHvavAMcaa. 
4'nvMMiaiM  9*9ft9Wkt^.  tm  KaAanm. 
4^VO»tafW.  8«a  MAaaiAoa. 
4'«w.  aaa  Adimau 
HwwAadlaa*  ^  Mn  irA**  Law 
I'raMtMmUk.  Ii«  Imtvi«m..ti<>««l  Law. 
rvMUMIIty.  rr«4IM«  WItitMn.  ttaa  Kvi- 
Binca. 
4'awoli.  Sm  MAamna  Law  :  RaAi  f  aatiiBTT. 
4  rfa».  Cww.  Hm  Crimimal  Law. 
CHaan.  BatCaiMiMAi.  i.aw. 
<lri«alMa  IrMW.  H4«  Law,  Subdl*.  "CrIaUnal 

I  CaiitiHAL  Law. 


VrfMlnnta 

4'l'HaMli^.  Hm  CovvaiuM  r, ' 
yn».  taa  ftMaL««iimi. 
Crwin.  laa  liuHATvaa. 


iill.  Saa 
iiUMalM 


8m  Koiftrr  j  Pbactku. 
raAcncB. 
KMilMnUMi.  Saa  KvinuMCB. 
\tt,  Saa  AmMAta. 

,  •.  laa  MAamwa  Law. 

CwalllM  m4awl.  Saa  PaafONa:  Scold;  WoMan. 

IJNMBrll.  Saa  Criminal  Lawi  Prmuubb. 

Cwilaur.  Sta  fisTAra. 

CwHMiMm.  Sm  RaAL  Paorerrr. 

<'lMllM(.  SaaCowraACTai  UtAoa. 

Cwwiaan  a>r  MorolMNia.  Saa  Boaaa,  Norw, 

AMB  BlLU!   MMCAWTILa  LaW. 

CnMmn  Mmmi*.  Sa«  (ioTBBiniairr. 

tfwalwiwn.  Saa  0<>vaamiMrT. 

J2  Paaa.  laa  CoavavAMcaa :  Wilu. 

■mMi  Saa  Rbal  Paoaaarr  t  WATaa. 

VAHAttan.  Saa  iliba  Aoancr;  BAiLNawrai 
BoNM,  Noraa,  amu  Ihua  i  CoirraACTa,  arc.  ai*. 

Oamaou  la  tka  indemnity  reooverabia  1^  a 
pereon  who  haa  auatalnad  an  Injiiry,  either  in 
hit  perton,  proMrtv,  or  relative  Mghte,  through 
tiie  act  or  deraull  of  another.  The  aum  okimed 
a«  tuch  Indenmity  by  a  piainlitln  hia  comnlainL 
The  injury  or  laaa  for  wUoh  eoHponaaitoa  k 
tooghl. 

Aetual  daa>M{MB  are  thoai  awarded  for  a  loaa 
or  injaiy  actual^  auMalned  t  in  eonirr^dktii^- 
tion  fhxn  dawagaa  implied  by  law,  atid  finm 
thoae  awardad  by  way  of  poniahment.  Com- 
penaittory  damage*  are  dioae  allowed  aa  a  ree- 
ompenac  for  thelnjary  aetnally  ivoeived.  Coo- 
teqaamial  damagm  are  thoae  which,  thoiKth 
direeily.aM  wot  Imnwdialely  eonaameni  npon 
the  act  or  debult  complftiiied  of.  Eaempnry 
damagaa  art  damajw  alkywed  m  a  pnnkhment 
for  iwia  eommiHad  with  fraud,  actual  malice, 
or  deMbaraU  eiolawee.  or  oppremion.  OeMrai 
damagw  ara  thoae  which  neoeaaarily,  and  by 
impUealloii  of  law,  raaalt  ftom  the  an  or  de- 
fault complained  of.     Liquidated  tiaroage*  are 

••It  lahR*.iiBi   tTrnna,  448!    ii  Pfc*.  s<7i   «S 

«Ofai#.kv.|tsfli  SadgiM  baa.  e.  1.    n-ir  Plelk. 

Wfc  «a»i   iSai^^SiS;.  4  MaeKVTTi  <  Q.  iS.^. 
•4 }mmei,  <4i*t  t  imOk  fc  Gaa.  «aa-«i«.    i^Q.fl, 


damage*  wh<Me  amoa  11  haa  been  dalarmlnad 
by  aniiclpaiory  auraa-.nanl  balwaen  lha  rarilo*. 
Mtaaura  nf  (ian«g*«  I*  a  rule  or  mrlh'ot  l>y 
which  the  damage  «ii»laln«<t  U  It-  it*  i>*<imaiad  or 
m«*»ur*(l.  Nominal  lUmagca  ara  a  infling  lum 
awariiad  whara  a  liraath  of  tiutjf,  or  *i«  Infrac- 
(ion  of  the  iilaintlff'*  right  I*  ahown,  liul  n« 
tariou*  l<i*«  I*  (inivail  to  hara  liaer.  iu*l*.i<ia<l. 
Punitive  (lamagci  are  •■amplary  damagt*.  Spe- 
cial damagu*  ara  luch  a*  ariae  directly,  hut  not 
neccMarlt*,  or  by  Implication  of  law,  from  the 
act  or  default  cnmplainad  of.  Kur  furlhir  de(> 
Inition  tee  iutiae<|u«ii>  Mectiuna  uf  ihi*  lulii^ci, 
Unllquidalad  dama;"!!*  are  damage*  wnoae 
amount  ha*  not  Iwcn  d*t«rmlne<l. 

To  conatttiila  a  right  lo  recover  damage*,  the 
Darly  claiming  damagett  muit  have  autljinad  a 
/•«,•  the  |iarty  again*!  whom  they  ara  claimed 
mual  ha  chargealiTe  with  a  wrong :  the  loaa  muat 
lie  the  natural  and  prosimitte  conxequenca  ol 
the  wrong.  There  i*  nu  right  lo  damage*, 
tirofMirly  to  called,  where  there  I*  no  loaa. 
UamAgei  are  based  on  Ihe  idea  of  a  loia  to  be 
corapentatrd,  a  damage  lo  be  made  gnnd,* 
Thi*  loaa,  however,  need  not  alway*  be  dlitlnct 
and  definite,  capahie  of  exact  detcrlpiion,  or  of 
measurement*  In  dollar*  and  cent*.  A  tufficlcnt 
loss  to  eustain  an  action  mar  appear  from  Ihe 
mere  nature  of  the  case  Itself. 

The  lo*a  must  be  Ihe  ma/ura/  amJ /rgjumaU 
t«m*ftitne*  of  Ihe  wrong.*  Or,  the  "  direct  and 
necesMry,"  or,  "  legal  and  natural "  conae- 
quence.  It  must  not  be  "  remote  "  or  "  conte- 
quentiaL"  Tb)  lou  mu*t  be  the  matural  con* 
Mqaence.  Every  man  is  expected— and  may 
Ju«lly  be — lo  foretee  the  usual  and  natural  con- 
•equence*  of  his  acts,  and  for  these  he  may 
justly  be  held  accountable ;  but  not  for  conse- 
quences that  could  not  have  been  foreieen.*  It 
mu*t  alto  be  lh«  froximaU  conaequence. 
Vague  and  indefinite  mults,  remote  and  con- 
acqaenllal,  and,  thus,  uncertain,  are  not  em- 
braced in  the  compcnaalion  given  by  damage*. 
It  (Annot  be  cerUtnly  known  that  they  are  al- 
tribttlabla  to  Ihe  wrong,  or  whether  they  are 
not  rather  connected  with  other  cause*.' 

In  an  action  for  dvitage*  for  an  injury  cauaed 
by  negligence,  the  plainiiif  mu»t  himielf  appear 
to  have  ocen  free  from  fault  \  for,  if  hi*  own 
negligence  in  any  way  contributed  Jirectly  to 
prmluoa  the  injury,  he  can  recover  nothing. 
The  law  will  not  attempt  to  apportion  the  loea 
according  to  the  different  degree*  of  negligence 
of  ^  two  partia*.*  Judkkl  oficen  are  not 
liable  in  damage*  for  erro  'cotu  deciiion*. 

When  a  eervant  b  injured  through  the  neglk 
gence  of  a  fellow-aervant  employed  in  the  aanw 
enterpriaa  or  avoeaiion,  the  common  employer 
ia  not  liable  Ibr  damagaa.  The  aervant  in  c» 
■aging,  takea  the  risk  of  injury  from  the  negw 
Iigcnce  of  hk  lellow-eervanu.'    But  thk  rvTa 

tlii  iiCbsi.  da:  7M( 


7« 


DAMAOn 


<loM  not  tion«r«l«  tlM  niMtar  frmw  IUI>illiv  of 
ntgllgtnc*  of  •  MrvARl  In  •  dilVtninl  •miJoy 
NMnl. 

Th*v«  U  no  Hghl  to  dtmagM  wh«rt  lh«r«  I* 
no  w^amg.  Il  I*  noi  nf(«»Mry  iHa(  lh*f*  ihtnilil 
\m  •  nwl,  ttrielly  to  c«llcd— •  wilful  wrung,  «n 
Mt  Involrlng  tnor«l  gulll.  Th«  wrung  may  b* 
f<th«r  •  wilful,  malU'lou*  Injury,  ur  on*  cum> 
milttd  through  m«r*  mutlvn  uf  inlwmt,  «*  in 
many  caa«*  uf  <-  rnvtrviun  of  g<Mid(,  tr««.|MiMM 
•n  land,  ate.  i  or,  (I  may  cimtlai  <>f  a  m«r«  ncg- 
l«0  tu  dlKhargfl  a  duty,  with  tuilabta  ikllt  or 
,M«llty,  at  whar*  an  i>fflc«r  l«  h«ld  (labia  for 
(ha  a«ca()«  of  hit  priMmar,  or  a  carrlar  (i>r  nag 
lad  to  dtllvfr  g<K>d«  \  or  a  *lin|>t«  braach  of 
contract,  a*  in  caaa  of  rtf^«al  to  dalivar  gocMU 
told,  or  lo  parform  Mrvlcat  iindat  an  agraa- 
npani  i  or  il  may  ha  a  wrung  of  anothar  fWiMm 
fur  whota  act  or  dafault  a  lagal  liability  r  >itu, 
at  whara  a  maatar  ia  held  llabia  iat  an  injury 
dona  by  hi«  irrvuni,  or  ajifiraiiiica,  or  a  railroad 
com|>any  for  anacddant  ratuliing  .'romthe  ncg 
liganca  of  thtir  anginaar.  But  ihara  muM  ba 
Bomathing  which  tha  law  rccognita*  as  a  wrong, 
■oma  braach  of  a  lagal  duly,  aoma  violation  uf 
lagal  right,  »oma  dafault  or  ntglact,  «om«  fall- 
ur*  In  r(i»pon*ibilily,  tu«tainad  by  tha  lairtv 
claiming  damage*.  For  tha  tutfcrar  by  accl- 
dani,  or  by  the  innocant  or  rightful  acta  of  an- 
olhar,  cannot  claim  Indamnity  for  hia  mi»f»r- 
iKnat  tl  it  called  y<iiwti«Mi  tttam^  injuria  — 
(•  lou  without  •  wrong),  for  which  tha  law  give* 
•u  lamady.a  Tha  obligation  violated  muit 
tl«o  ba  one  «whI  I»  tkt  painlig.  Tha  negleft 
of  a  duty  w  <h  tha  DlainiilT  had  no  iagal  right 
to  anforrc  giva«  no  claim  to  d*magaa.  Thut, 
where  ihc  potlmatltir  of  Ru< :h««tar,  Naw  York, 
wa«  required  by  law  to  piiblUh  Halt  of  lattera 
unr  'Had  for  In  the  newi|i«per  having  the  largcM 
cir  tilMion,  and  the  |)ro|>rir(or«  of  IM  "  Rocnaa- 
lc>  0«iiy  Democrat "  cl«<m«d  to  hava  lh«  larg- 
im.  circulation,  and  to  ba  entitled  lo  lh«  adver- 
tiling,  but  tha  pottmatlpt  refused  lo  give  i)  to 
thaw,  it  wM  raid  that  no  actioti  would  lie 
agaln%t  him  for  thf  loaa  of  the  profiti  of  the  ad- 
vartiaing.  TIm  duly  to  mibliah  in  the  paper 
having  the  Uryeat  circulation  wa«  a  duly  not 
owed  to  the  publiaher  of  that  paper.  It  wat 
ImpiMad  upon  iha  pmtmatter,  not  for  the  bene- 
Ik  of  publfthfif  of  newipapera,  but  for  the  ad- 
vantage  of  peiaont  to  whom  Ictler*  were  ad' 
drewwd,  ana  thay  alone  had  a  legal  interest  to 
enforce  it.* 

AMBMMBMT  of  damagn  ia  made  by 
i»e  court  through  itt  prupar  ofHcer  or  clerk, 
iwhere  it  h  a  m«re  matter  of  calcuialioQ  i  in 
Mhar  caact  it  muat  he  done  by  thr  jury. 

DAMAOB  PEASANT  are  thoie  Injuriei 
committed  by  animali  beS  -nging  to  one  peraon 
upO(B  the  land  of  another,  by  fading,  treading' 

«.iiOlMe,«M:    iiPieh.  keyi    « »  M   kW.  nsi    '<» 

Mm  (Maw  )  iJi  J  ■!  SimA.  Ai.  m-i'-  ^n.  im ;  M« 
■bo  ir  W.»d,  »♦;  II  Hick  M«.  «  )  Bl  C<mmJ. 
Ca.  titt  i4>,  •«>:  Com.  CHil  PI  o  M  ii4.)  i-i« 
ieih.  4«i ;  »  Cuih.  »'8  ,  i«  U.  Ron  ij?  »i  Con*.  M 
t7MM*.  Mi  loOa  m:  ioIJ,4»l.  «  Rich  419:  »  Cal 
11.^1    |W.  4>«i    nO»W.*»y-     fc-S«lAl»b    t^     ( 


down  tha  graaa,  com,  or  other  pr«idiictl<ina  u( 
Iha  *ak\> 

DOUHLB  OR  TKKBLR  d«n*a«»i  are 
In  tunia  c«m*  rllowcd  l>y  tialul*.  la  Iheaa 
caae*  the  actuci  damage  '%•  itiMiliUd  or  trebled, 
and  not  hmum/iI  Ilka  duuMe  iii*  ircMa  coalt. 

EXCBISIVB  OR  INADEQUATE. 

Even  III  iliat  larga  iUm  uf  ■*•«*  In  whiih 
there  ll  n«  llJied  m«i<«ur«  of  damagaa,  but  ihty 
*ra  left  to  the  discrtium  of  the  )uiy,  the  couit 
haa  a  Certain  power  to  ravl«w  the  verdict,  and 
to  aet  II  aalde  if  tha  damage*  awarded  ai« 
eioaaly  eicaMlve  or  unraaionalily  inadr.;uil>. 
The  rule  in.  howevir,  that  j  ve.ilici  will  mn  be 
let  atida  fi>r  eiceulve  damage*  unle«i  ih* 
amount  I*  to  large  at  In  wtit^  iha  court  Ihjt 
the  jury  hava  been  mltled  by  pattion,  prajudicr, 
Igiturance,  or  |Mriialliy^  Hut  thi*  power  it 
very  tparlngly  u««d  1  and  cttea  are  numerout 
in  which  the  cnurtt  have  eiprct»ed  themtalvn 
illtaatttfied  with  the  vrrdic),  but  have  refuwd 
lo  Interfere  on  the  ground  that  the  cata  did  nut 
'-time  within  ihit  rule.'  At  a  general  ruU,  In 
action*  of  tort  the  court  will  not  grnnt  a  new 
trial  on  the  gruiind  of  the  tmal'neta  of  dtni- 
age*,*  B  It  they  have  p<iwe<  lo  do  ao  In  a 
|irop«r  cate  i  and  Ir  a  few  Inttancc*  In  whirh 
the  jury  havt  giv^.i  no  rcdret*  at  all,  when 
*ome  wu  clearly  due,  the  verdict  haa  been  %tx 
adde.* 

In  cane*  where  theri;  it  a  Axe 
regulating  the  measure  of  damiit;'* 
tMiri!  i»  the  jury  upixi  the  trial 
"I  Ale  "  lorrettly  U  grou^.l  ci 
if  the  jury  disregard  the  ■  •- 

court  on  tha  aul^A,  thei 
atlde.     In  10  far,  howfv  1 
hone«l  deleminallon  ol 
properly  within  thi*  pru 
general,  be  ditturlted.* 

EXEMPLARY. 

In  acilona  for  U,  itrictif  ao  caH«d,  where 
gro**  fraud  or  actual  malice,  or  dcUbnate  vio- 
lence, or  opprs»«lo»>  appear*,  the  jury  ire  not 
confined  to  «  strict  rompent^tion  for  »hc  plain- 
tifif'*  lo*«,  but  may,  in  atsewing  dam«g<«, allow 
a  sum  ai  a  pttni<>hnienl  of  the  defendant  for 
hi*  wrong  commiH-d  upon  the  plainiilT.  Such 
an  rillowancc  Is  rnied  "  Miiart  money,"  or 
'•e«e.--pl«»'."  "  \  indlcrtve,"  or  "punKlva" 
daaiiag':!4.  They  are  atte^srd  in  one  sum,  with 
any  allowance  the  jury  may  think  proper  lo 
make  oa  conpemation  for  the  actual  loss  sus- 
tained t  and  the  whole  turn  is  awudad  to  Ike 
injur*  I  f«rty. 

TIm  prc^cty  of  allowing  damafta  to  be 
given  by  wajy  of  pui  >hnMiit  under  any  cir- 
cumttunces  has  been  MreNiKMsly  denied  In 
many  cases,  and  the  question  has  given  rise  to 
extensive  discuiMlon ;  Imi  the  wtigBl  of  auikor- 

KM, :  s  Id  *y« :  »t  Rarfc  m  Me.  a;* ;  if  iUk.  Ml : 
4  Ttui,  lS*i  fid.  ■»  <  III.  4Q}:  Coir|k  ts»i  (Morr 
C.  C.<6i .  O*  •:  1  t»^  «tj.  s  M1W.C.C1W  •-■ 
Col.  450;  •■:,  D.laiith.M):  4Q'Q  9IJ.  MS-i*M«d. 
.to;  *  Sir.  94a:  (4  Eag.  L.  It  ti|.  ClrcaaMUnci> 
inuil  tliew  that  ih*  Jiwy  have  MM4  undar  an  taipi'e^ 
iMbadgW'  Imbu  Ate. 


ule 

j*(Im 

Sit^iiuralo 

And 

of  the 

;i^(  M  ly  be  set 

!!«•  '(ifidict  is  «n 

-jucKiont  of  fa<t 

ce,  It  will  not,  ia 


iBiWBwii 


,  w  <Mk«r  iprmiwcikNM  at 
TKBQLK  <l«iM«gm  •>• 

etl    htf    tUlaU.      Ill   lh«>« 

ig«  M  iltMiliUit  M  ir«bit<l, 

itiHll>l«  »t  tr«hl«  (fM(« 

»R  INADKQUATB. 

i  il*M  •)/  >••••  In  whiih 
tun  o(  <UiH«(««,  but  th*;r 
MM  of  (M  juiy,  iIm  couit 
lo  rfvi«w  lh«  vfrtlkl,  anil 
M  (i«m«g«*  •wanlcti  tiK 
uriiMt  <«n«t>l)r  InMlr.jiiito 
,  lh«l  J  ««.di«i  will  ihM  b« 
tlv«  dam«vn    Mnl««i  Iha 

•  lo  Mil*7  Iha  cuurt  Ihjt 
ktati  bjr jMMtun,  pft)u4ic«, 
lliy^      Bui  Ihit   puwar  It 

and  cataa  ar*  numarout 
u«a  riprta««<l  ih«m«al«ri 
vrrdici,  litil  hava  rafuud 
ound  Ihal  iha  caaa  did  nut 
a.*  Aa  k  ganaral  ruU,  in 
Hill  will  not  grant  •  naw 
of  Iha  amallnaia  of  dam- 
va   powa.    lo  do  (o  In  a 

•  Mw  ln«lanc««  In  whkh 
I  no  ra<lre*t  ai  all,  whan 
t,  Iba  vardict  baa  biecn  wt 


Mria  la  •  ll>.«if 

n  of  daiiu.gc' 

mthalrial 

wuml  of 

1  (he  'u. 

i,  ihaU 

we»<"» 

I  <rf 


jifti- 


uia 

<«ttM 

Uiiaralo 

•       And 

of   th« 

t «  bt  tat 

hr  'itidiet  I*  an 

tueationa  of  fat  I 


ilCt 


>ic«,  te  will  not,  la 


I,  Htuiff  to  catl«l,  when 

aiAlica.  or  dcUlft  al«  «iu- 

•ppcart,  the  jiirjr  «ra  not 

'  mpenajtion  for  the  plain' 

ii  a»»«»aing  damagci,  allow 

lenl  of  Iha  da(«ndant  foi 

upon  (ha  plainitir.     Such 

mail  "  »ntart  money,"  or 

idiciivc,"   or    «|MnKU«" 

aftaiMd  in  una  turn,  wiih 

jury  may  think  proper  lo 

m  Air  tbc  actual  IcM  sua- 

)le  aiMn  ki  awardtd  to  tbc 

allowing  damagca  lo  b« 
latobmcnl  vmlar  any  cir- 
m  fircniKMaly  denied  in 
qMHion  ha*  given  rite  to 
i  bnt  the  weight  of  author- 


i«  ra,  asi :  Cow*,  tm;  •  Kory 
b   it).  j[Msu.C.C.  197     l< 


KiaMod 


Sa$.  L  ft  tq.    Cltcoam*  <t< 

ikava  «c:«Ml  UMar  aa  laiprufMi 


DAMAGM. 


iljr  I*  4«cldai1t^  Iba!  iiuh  allowance  in  a  tuil 
iihia  caaa  It  |)rnpar  •     Hut  Ihav  th.iuld  U  car* 
<My  danlad  »hani;vaf  (ha  dafanilanl  It  crimin 
iWy  h4lila  lit  punlthmanl  for  iha  wrong  dona, 
Ny  mdu-imai.i  a<i<l  li<ia,  «>r  othrrwlta* 

LIQUIUATKD.  Whara  ihara  I*  an  agraa 
meni  batwaan  the  patiic*  fur  tha  doing  or  tmi 
.)iimg  parlkutar  acu,  iha  iMrilaa  may,  if  ihay 
|iUat«,  aMimaia  hafiwahami  ih«  damaga*  In  ra- 
tuli  from  a  breach  of  iha  agia«m««ii,  and  pre 
K'lll^e  la  Iba  agraamant  Itaclf  iha  turn  lo  b« 
|Mid  by  ellbar  oy  way  of  daniaga*  for  auch 
iiraach.4 

The  aum  naoiad  In  an  agrcamani  at  damagaa 
(o  ba  paid  In  cate  of  a  hraach  will.  In  ganaral, 
*ia  contidarcd  a*  ll<|uUlatad  dan  «gtt,  or  at  a 
(wnatiy,  accoiding  lu  the  Imam  of  the  parllaa. 
(he  mere  uae  of  iha  worda  "penally"  ur 
'liquidated  damage*"  will  nnl  be  dacltlva  o' 
ih*  quealiim  If,  on  ihe  whole,  the  intirumani 
>li»cloae«  a  difrereni  inttnl.' 

Such  a  MlpuhUlon  In  agr<remanl  will  b«  con' 
ildarad  aa  •  penally  in«r«ly,  and  no<  at  llqui' 
dtlad  damagat,  In  the  following  caaati  Where 
(ha  pertiea  in  ibe  agreement  have  ripreaaly  da- 
fUred  if,  or  daacrioi-d  II  aa  a  "  penally,*'^ and 
no  other  Intent  ia  dedvcible  from  tha  inaltu- 
man!  |»  where  <l  ia  doubtful  on  the  langiii>i;e  of 
'.he  inalntme'.;  whether  ihe  itipulation  •  4  in- 
tended aa  >>  penally  or  et  iiquidnted  da  geat* 
where  t'.'$  agreement  waa  e»idetii!y  made  for 
the  altai^iment  of  another  object  or  nurpoee,  io 
which  the  Kipulaiion  it  wholly  <  )llaleral;* 
»h«re  the  agreement  impoaea  t*»«rai  diaiinci 
Juliaa  or  obllfatiani  of  dtflrt  t  degrr«t  of 
import*  e,  and  yet  ihe  aame  im  It  nainr d  aa 
damage*  for  a  breach  nf  riiiur  indifrcrantly;'' 
where  the  agrfenn  t  it  tuA  uii'Vi  .««|,  and 
the  damager  are  capable  of  l>  ,.  certainly 
known  and  •atimsfed  ;•  wiierr  ihe  mttrameni 
pro*idea  thai  a  I,  l't  turn  nhs  1  be  paid,  apon 
daCiiult  lo  pay  a  1  cr  sum  n  he  qis'iner  pre- 
•cribwi* 

The  allpulatioa  wll'  W  iiutaine<j  ai  liqui- 
dated damagea  la  the  toNowing  Ma«t  1  Where 

■ttlon  oe  Ihl*  tahieat  eemtdt  it 

m.      «    »•  Id   .j«:  IS  Ark   4lt. 

/M.  .«:  told,  ||U;  ,,ld. 

i«  Id.  a«j.  J  InJ.  att; 

r;  r  La.  Aa, 

M  Plelt.te; 

-.  .-.  ,,-.  ,  w-,_.  .,,;  n  Mm.  M;  14  Mo.  1*4:  ti 

Id  tfc     ,»  N  H.  i»:  J  Barb,  aa,  «}i  1  4  Wmd.  u , ; 

I  AM.  py.  tlf :  1  N^  V.  ■••  ,  U.  Va, ;  4  Id.  t-t;  11 

Ptan.JU.  n.  JM ;  ai  Id  4.^.  ,.k  ,  Strobh.  «., :  ♦  Id. 

'    ^XHi  •  *•**-  ^-  C-  Ija :  WaB.  Jr.  ('   C   i«« 
■  C.  C    lao;  t  Story  C.  C    i;    j  Vho..).  5«e 


•-le  trace  dw 

Ata  (M,  8)  — 

<]  B.  Mae.  ate;  <>  Id. 
44r;  11  Id.  tga:  «  Maaa 

II  Id.  IT*;  4  Qi»ll.  tn 


j  tin  in   (h 


4l«i 


■^    9-\Cmh.  an;  .  iMl.  }M| 


- ,  — ,  .jaiaara  _   , 

Abb.  Pr.  ai*  1  Duar,  147 , 

'r.  alj!  t 


iBaewi  Fad.  Cna.  a|i!  a  %t,  aaas:  a  T  ti 
Ind.  iM:  IS  Ma.  anja  Ala.  (H  s!)  aaj.  Ti 


4£ii  a  StarliT^T  •  iturr, 

.^.  aja.aB.  *P  „s,J3o; 

T.  H,  j».    r- 

Bingh. 141:  4 

•  Mo.  4S7. 

Caav.jdi 


Ibe  agrarmeni  la  of  tucb  a  nature  that  Iba 
damagat  are  uncertain,  and  are  nul  ia|iat>le  of 
haing  atcertalnad  liy  any  t4Ultfactory  ami  known 
rule  i'  where,  rnmi  the  lanoi  of  the  agreement, 
or  from  the  nature  of  Ihe  vaae,  it  ap|ieart  that 
Iha  |>arti»«  h4ve  atcartalned  ihe  amount  of 
d«rn<K'''>  liy  fur  call  ulaiiim  and  adiuaimrnl.* 
MBASUIIB  OP. 

Mute  ttr  Kxi  HAmm  and  PaoMiiaoav 
NorM.«    .Hae  (iKNiaAi,  Htatdtim. 

('ARRiKBa.  Upim  a  total  (allure  to  deliver 
goodt,  the  carrier  I*  liable  for  the  value  of  the 
giMMl*  at  iheir  |»lace  of  datilnailon,  with  Inter- 
a>t,  dedbcilng  the  freight.*  Ufiim  a  (allure  lo 
t>4ke  the  goo<la  at  all  (or  Irantpnriatlon,  he  la 
llahl'  for  Ihe  diltVrence  belwren  Ibe  value  ai 
Ihe  place  of  ihl{Mnan(  and  at  the  place  of  deati- 
nation,  la««  hit  freight  i  or,  If  another  convey- 
ance can  lie  found,  tha  dilfereme  lietween  the 
freight  agreed  un  wlih  Iha  defendant,  hnd  the 
lum  (If  greater)  which  the  thiiiper  would  be 
cnmpalled  to  pny  another  carrier*  Uinw  a 
delay  (o  dallvar  the  gotida,  Ihe  plalntllT  It  en- 
iiilt<)  1  an  indemnity  for  hit  loaa  incurred  hy 
the  delay,  taking  Into  Account  any  (ati  In  Iha 
market  occurring  beiiteen  the  time  when  the 
profMrly  thould  have  been  delivered  by  ihe 
carrier,  and  the  lime  when  it  aclua'iy  waa.' 

5iee  ilile  BAiLMKNn,  ante. 

Con  1  lACTH.  Where  a  ronlraci  preaeribe*  i 
nrice  to  he  paid,  the  compcntation  recoverable 
for  a  p«it  iKrformance  will  he  measured  by  ihc 
contract  price  if  nrac'.icable,  and  not  by  the 
actual  value  of  the  servlcea  or  gauds,  etc., 
fiirnlahed. 

Where  a  render  of  real  property  fails  lo  con- 
vey according  to  hia  contract,  a  dislincllon  14 
taken,  in  many  caaea,  gi..wing  out  of  Ibe  ma 
live  of  the  party  in  default.  If  he  acted  in 
good  faith  aiid  aup|KMed  he  bad  good  title  and 
could  convey,  Ihe  purchaser's  damages  have 
been  limited  to  the  amount  of  hit  advance,  If 
anv,  interest  and  expense*  of  examining  Ihe 
title.*  But  in  case  of  a  wilful  and  rrautlulent 
refusal  lo  convev,  the  |>urchBser  hiw  been  held 

L**?;'-  **■  '  McMull.  io«:  t  Ala.  (N.  S  )  4i]:  1 
W..  (Mau.Ui ;  ,  Pick   4JI ;  4  Id.  i»:  1  Johiw.  Cat 

ET:  17  Barb.  Mo;  .4  Vi.  97  ».,  C.  k  P.  140;  » 
uitipV  iMj  ,  Stndf.  let:  >4  Vi  9^:  ifi  III.  47,  st-i, 
.!,**  ♦••i,«».'d  4M;  •B>'awaCli.4ii.  »«Bliigh.  141: 
S  Blogh.  (N.  C  )  too;  7Scoii,i«4;  5  Sand  f.  in  .bulla* 
yJohnt.T*;  'ijTd.top;  9  N,  V.  j.i.  le.  Bam.  A  Aid. 
704;  6Ban.  AC.  •■«;  1  M.  ARI  41:  4  Dall.  ijo;  « 
Cow    '**■*:)  Sandf.    19.,  «4o,  ,«  I(|.  400;  14  Ark' 

i«j  V«i.  Ch,  4»9i  J  M.   »  W.  «,!  7t.  A  P.  lao.  » 
Mata.  Mj;  f  C.>»   io»!  4  Vni.  4«l;  j  Sandf.  10 


Matt.  Mj;  |/-'>*.lp7i  4  »«»<*.  4«;  J  Sandf.  laa;  11 
Barb.  I  ??.jM;  i«  Id.  jrf;  14  Aik  jij ;  ..  Ohio  Si,  110. 
■  t  Slury  fc,.  Jur  1 131V  .  Oraaal.  Ev  i« :  ,  Bii^li. 
jot;  T  Cuoa.  OOi;   II   I*.   H.  *J4;  i  Blml,'.   io<;  i] 

WtiMi.  sot;  '/.Id- .447;  t*  Id.  toi:  i<  id,  «u,j  it, 

5«j;  a  Ala.  (N..S.)4,j;  i. 
M,  Norm,  AND  Bi  '.a,"  and 


M»tt.  459*  ■*  l(l«i7(M«tt.)  ^. 
M*.  ifo.  ».*>**  dtia  "  BoHiM 


«J 


GameAL  STATtrras,     k-ii  S'  ArTiW;  I  ji   m  »i  ." 
is  Id  «4;  14  lU,  I4<<;  14  N.  H. 


•o  Id.  i;  14  id.  170;  IS  la  »4;  14  ih,  140;  14  N.  H. 
*J7:  I  l-iil.  IO*;  10  U.  An.  4..;  s  Rich.  4«ai  9  Id. 
*«5;  17  Matt.  6*.  «-ia  Wattt,  41*  ;  4  N.  Y.  iJo.  1 
Abb.  Adm.  1.9.  d-if  N.  Y  soe:  "  Btrb.  .7*:  b«i 
taa  19  Barb^.  •-*  W.  ffl.  .07R;  ,0  B.  A  C.  4>6:  M 
B.  ijj;  a  Wind.  J99J  4  Dralo,  S4«;  «  Barb.  «46j 
N.  V.  140;  <■  Bibb.  4.5;   I  Utt.  }si;  9  "' 

•  •■••  Wmm   tit/ft 


>  Uft  190;  ft 


wmmm'ami» 


DAllAGfiS. 


entUled  to  thrTdoe  of  the  land  with  inltr- 

Mt.' 

Salir.    Vthtin  the  Mll-r  of  chi(t«li  fail*  to 
perform  hit  agreement,  the  meaiuM  of  dam- 
age* is  the  diffierence  between  the  contract 
price  and  the  market  value  of  the  article  at  the 
time  and  place  fixed  for  delivery.*    The  tame 
rule  appliei  a»  •■>  the  deficiency  where  there  is 
a  part  delivery  only.*    Where,  however,  the 
purchaser  ha*  mid  the  price  in  advance,  the 
purchaier  i*  allowed  the  highcxt  market  price 
up  to  the  time  of  the  trial.     Where  the  pur- 
chater  refuiet  to  take  and  pay  for  the  goodi, 
the  teller  majr  tell  them  fairly,  and  charge  the 
buyer  with  the  difference  between  the  contract 
price  and  the  best  market  price  obiainnble 
within  a  reasonable    time   alter  the  refutal. 
Where  the  goods  are  deliveted  and  received, 
but  do  not  correspond  in  quality  with  a  war- 
■rauty  given,  the  vendee  may  recover  the  differ- 
ence between  the  value  of  the  goods  delivered 
rind  the  vcilae  they  would  have  had  if  thm  had 
tXNTesponded  with  the  contract. 
See  Grnbiial  Statutbs. 
MITIOATIONordamagesisoftenellected 
by  matters  which  are  no  answer  to  the  action 
itself,  but  which  may  often  be  given  in  evidence 
to  reduce  or  diminish  the  amount  of  the  pen- 
alty or  punishment. 

NOMINAL.  Whenever  any  act  injures 
another's  right,  and  would  be  evidence  in 
future  in  favor  of  a  wrongdoer,  aa  action  may 
be  obtained  for  an  invasion  of  the  right  with- 
out proof  of  any  specific  lt^ury.»  And  when- 
ever the  breach  of  an  agreement,  ce  the  inva- 
sion of  a  right,  b  cstabKshad,  the  law  iiifen 
•ome  damM;e,  and,  if  nont  it  shown,  will 
award  a  triiSing  sunj  as,  a  penny,  one  cent, 
sis  and  a  quarter  cents,  etci  Thus,  taoh  dam- 
agn  may  be  awarded  in  actions  for  Bowing 
lands  {■  injuries  to  commons  >  trespatt  to  lands;* 
neglect  of^official  dnties.  in  soQte  cases  ;•  braacK 
of  contracts*  and  in  many  other  cases  when 
the  cfiect  of  the  suit  wiU  be  t*  dccermioe  a 
right.' 

Smart  MoNKif.  See  Extsnsivi.  Exem- 
rLARY.  OK  IHAOBQUAT*  Damaqu,  above. 

UNUQVIOAnOOAMAOIt.  SecUotHiMnD 
Damaors,  abore. 

iJDaseiMDjiMTS. 

MMm.  8m  OaacaaMuna, 

Aceomm. 
MllDaMi,  HoTCS,  MB  Bituk 

■^jMctica. 

PnacTmL 

PaAcnce. 

INIMAttAW. 

IJHsJieoicattaw. 
Sm  rehMN*.  . 

14. 4* i  t  Mich.  SI t eM«£*Mi C. C.  M»  amV/tLmT 
■a-H  W,ad.  >M:  •  ?««,  u4:  JT^  Ji,!^  **" 


BoMtk.  Sm  BviDeMca :  Mboicai  L«w. 
nm*lli>bMl  0M«.  Sm  Cohvbvancss,  "  \m»: 

fit.  Sm  frawo. 

■MSI. 


,*!*iv»  W«r.  Sm  Miutarv  Law;  Was. 
Mil*  Sm  Accovht' 
tMMIav.  Sm  Si  .• 


_ — «.w..  Sm  PsACTica. 
PeolarAtlMi.  Sm  PaAcnce. 
DoolMrMiMi  t  iMlMltlMi.   Sm   Ausn: 

rSMIONI. 

■KMtaMtwry.  Sm  SvAivra  Law. 
Peeree.  Sm  Practkb. 

BAMllMtStoH.  Sm  Hmhwav!  Rbai.  PaoMwrv. 
cllwp  nsr  Now.  Sm  MAMnuB  Law. 
,  Sm  LoK\avANCB*, "  DMdt." 
_   ^  IP«II.  »«  CoNvavANcas, "  Oaids." 
B«tatM»t«Mi.  HmSiamoui. 

1v*  Wmt.  Sm 
>  Sm  Accovht' 

, — liagr.  SmSi  .1 

Aqaw^****"*  ^•'■MililaB.  Sm  AoMkv^ 
MjIkaftiUlMS.  Sm  Contcacis. 
JMIrtana  riikrtlo.  Sm  Msmcai  Uw. 
PwllHraM  TroMMsM.  Sm  Msmcal  Law 
MllVMPjr.  Sm  CoNvavAiicaa.  "OM«bi"  Mtoi- 
uiia  Law* 
*"*iMl»w.  Sec  MsMCAL  Law. 

MML  Sm  CMrfNAcvt:  PaAcnca. 
-paetH.  S«  MsucAi.  Law. 
Bbw.  Sm  CoNvfcVANcas,  **  Lmn*.**  ' 
-■■■saga.  Sm  iiAiLMBsm. 

■yrf*  5*  ''"•*■'•"•«  *aAci»ca. 
sMU  Sm  PuAMHa. 

..!.  Sm  BAitMvirrt. 
IMfis.  Sm  Ev^DBMoa. 

^1  V*  Qf  "C*  AMD  OvncBB. 
■i..9M  Hjnas. 

B.  BW  COWTMACVS. 

Sm   Canamu.  L*W{    MiuvAav 


nwm;  MnncALtAW. 

Nl.  Sm  Cohvbtancm,  "  MTIIIi." 

to. 

'■Acnca. 

Im  PnAcnca. 

>r  iMlMlMMi.   Sm  Aunt: 

'  War.  Sm  MiutMT  Law; 

It*  SrAnm  Law. 

CTica. 

I  Hmnwat  t  RtAL  Paomrr. 

N*w.  Sm  MAMnMB  Law. 

ITAMCn,  "  DMdi." 

CowvwrANCM,  •"  ~ 

M  SlAMDM. 

c  CoHvivAHCM, "  Mortifmn.' 

'■  to. 

■AoiHa:  PaAcnca:  Tont. 

fHACnCB. 

Sm  Miutabv  Law;' Was. 


Sm  AaMCT; 


DOMtCtL 


I  St  . 


Im  CowniACTs. 
nm.  Sm  Mmkal  Law. 
kMMt.  Sm  Mmmcal  Law. 
OMvatANcn,  "Dtdm;"  Midi- 

[■OKAi  Law. 
•nuAcn:  P»Acnc*. 
ttiMCAi.  Law. 
vMAinn.MLMN*.'*  • 

»  BAILMKm. 

PuMMMO)  PMcnca. 

MmcAiTTiui  Law:  tt-MAsmn. 
iMttm. 

Bv<MMC«. 
ICB  AMD  OvnCBtl. 

IBS. 

«  cowtbactb. 
Cbnomai.  Laws    Miutab* 


i).   8m  Mabrimb 


mC< 


MnWACM* 

■Acncs:  Fbo»b_-. 
.  SMAvnioanT. 


AMM*^ 
lABNM. 


NMnlAMn. 

WAlKlB.oWak.'' 

M. 

UOMT. 


BAcnca. 


Uw. 


BBMIUTMM. 

nsnea. 

•  CownucTBi  _ 

Law; 

ras.A«Dj 

rcoimtAct*:  P, 

rMKAiLAwc 

anunneg. 


14.  Km:  I  nwM, 


S»l 


:    IS  i^   MB)    M 


#1 


ntatrlMWB.  8««  PRAcnca 
DI«MirkMiM.  Sm  Tobtb. 
nivMMttf.  Sm  CoaroRATtoMt. 
INvnikM.  Sm  CoMTBAcnt   Ahwiiowmbiit; 
kktibbty. 
Dlv»r«*.  Sm  Marbiaob. 
!*•««••.  Sm  Pbactkb. 
gyywUB.  Sm  Kvibbms. 
nwllar.  Sm  Mombt. 
ntmmMmt.  Sm  PBBtow 

DOMIOII.  SmBviobncb:  thuni  Pbacticb. 

DoMiciL  ia  that  plact  where  a  man  hat  hit 

true,  liMt'.and  permanent  home,  and  principal 

esiablithment,  and  to  which,  whenever  he  it 

ainent.  he  hat  the  intention  of  returning.* 

Domicil  majr  be  either  national  or  domeMic. 
In  deciding  the  ovestion  of  national  domicil. 
the  point  to  be  determined  will  be  in  which 
of  two  or  more  nationalitiea  a  man  hat  his 
.(omidl.  In  deciding  tht  matter  of  domeitic 
.iomicil,  the  oveMion  it,  in  which  anbdlvition 
of  a  nadon  doea  a  penon  have  hia  domicil. 
ThiM,  whether  a  persoti  it  domiciled  in  Eng- 
^nd  or  i^rance  wonld  be  a  quettion  of  national 
domicil}  whether  in  NorMk or  Suablk  Gounly 
a  queiUon  ot  domeatic  domldl.  Thte  ditlinc- 
tion  ii  to  br  leapt  in  mind,  dnce  the  rules  for 
detenninin4  <>>•  two  donicila.  though  &«. 
quently,  art  Ml  niBiaitiy  the  laiM.* 

Leipl  iwldence,  Inhabitnbilitjr,  and  domicil 
ve  generallv  vaed  as  sjrnonymous  i*  bnt  much 
depends  on  the  eomiection  and  mrpose.«  Two 
things  mu«  concur  to  establlihdomicU.  These 
jwo  must  eiist,  or  mutt  have  eiitted.  in  com- 
binaUon.*  Them  Bust  have  bven  an  actnal 
retidence.'  Tht  chancier  of  the  rasidenct  is 
of  no  importanot  ;•  and  if  it  has  once  citsted, 
mere  temporary  abatnet  will  not  dtMray  it, 
however  long  otndnntdtk  as,  ia  Iht  oast  of  a 
soldier  in  tht  amy.'  And  the  law  favon  the 
pretunptiati  of  a  eotttinnance  of  domicil.i 
The  original  domicil  contiauas  till  it  is  fairly 
chsngtd^fcranother.kand  revives  with  ar  In- 
tenlioQ  to  retum.i  This  principal  of  rtvtval, 
..owmt,  dots  not  apply  whtre  bodi  domicilt 
art  doaeatic.i>  Mert  ulting  up  nsidence  U 
not  soBcient,  unlcas  thert  be  an  inttntion  to 
•baadoa  the  fomtr  domicil  ;■  nor  is  intention 


•»«*.  (g.i)  ft!  ij  %um,  >*l[jHe.  ms:  SM. 


of  contlituting  domicil  alone  luffident,  unlets 
accompanied  hy  some  act*  in  furtherance  of 
tuch  inleniion.*  A  subtequenl  intent  maybe 
grafted  on  a  tempomry  midence.*  Removal  to 
a  pi'  e  with  an  intention  of  remaining  there  for 
an  indefinite  period,  and  as  a  place  of  fixed 
present  domicil,  constitutes  domicil,  though 
there  be  a  floating  intention  to  retum.s  Both 
inhnbitantcy  and  inirntion  are  to  a  great  extent 
matten  of  fact,  and  may  be  gathered  from 
slight  indications.'  The  place  where  a  person 
lives  is  pretumed  to  be  the  place  of  domicil 
until  facte  e«lalilii.h  (he  contmry.* 

Domicil  ^  of  three  kindt:  i,  domicil  by 
birth;  a,  domicil  by  choice,  and.  3,  domicil  by 
operation  of  law.  The  place  of  birth  it  the 
domicil  by  birth,  if  at  that  time  it  it  the  domi- 
cil  of  the  parents.*  If  the  parentt  ate  on  a 
joumev,  the  actual  domicil  or  the  parents  will 
generally  be  the  piece  of  domicil.*  Children 
of  ombMsadort,  and  children  bom  on  teat, 
take  the  domicil  of  their  parentt.*  The  domU 
cil  of  an  illegitimate  child  is  that  of  the 
mother  (•  of  a  legitimate  child,  that  of  tht 
father.*  The  domicil  by  birth  of  a  minor  con- 
tinues to  be  his  domicil  till  ehanged.r  Dom- 
icil  by  choice  it  that  dcmicil  which  a  penon 
of  canacity.,  of  hit  free  will,  selects  to  be  such. 
Residence  by  constraint,  which  is  involuntaiy 
by  banishment,  arrett,  or  imprisonment,  will 
not  work  a  change  of  domicil.'  Domicil  is 
conferred  in  many  cases  by  operation  of  law, 
either  txptvasly  or  consequentially.  Children 
born  in  foreign  Uads  of  piutnls  who  art  at  tht 
timt  cMtens  of  the  United  States,  have  theii 
domicil  of  birth  in  the  United  Slates.* 

Tht  domicil  of  tht  hnsband  is  that  of  tht 
wife.'  A  woman  on  marriagt  takes  the  dom< 
icil  of  her  kusbMid,  and  tht  baaband,  if  cnli. 
tied  to  a  divorce,  may  obtain  it,  though  the 
wife  be  aotually  rtsidtnt  in  a  foreign  Slate.* 
But,  if  entfcltd  to  «  divorce,  tht  wife  may  ac- 
quire a  itpamte  domkrfl,  which  nu^  bt  .n  the 
same  jttrisdictkm  The  domiisil  of  a  widow 
remains  tkit  of  her  dtceastd  hntbn id  until  she 
Budtes  •  dmje.*    Tht  doniril  of  tht  ward 


n  Pick.  410:  14M,  iSfl  - 
Geafl.L.i46:itPMn.8f 


0 


A 


''''>'*''»»^immmamimimimi,,tm»»imm 


4^ 


DOMICI^-EQUITY. 


^ 


r- 


i 


folknn  llMt  uT  Iha  gwrdian,*  etpcclallr  where 
the  guardian  U  a  parent.'  Ambaiwadon  and 
other  foreiyn  miniater*  retain  their  domicil  in 
the  country  to  which  thejr  belong,  and  which 
they  reprwent.«  Thia  doea  not  apply  to  con 
aula  and  other  commercial  agenu> 

A  commercial  domicil  ia  acquired  by  main- 
tenance of  a  commercial  eatabliahment  in  a 
country,  in  rslatiqn  to  tranaactiooa  connected 
with  iuch  eatablithmenU.' 

CHANOB  or  DOMICIL.  Any  per- 
■on,  snijurii,  may  make  any  t«m»j  ~.'  change 
of  domicU  at  any  timeJ  And  the  obiect  of  the 
change  doea  not  affect  the  right,  If  it  be  a 
genuine  change  with  real  intentioa  of  perma- 
nent re«idence>  Children  follow  the  domicil 
of  the  father,  if  the  change  be  made  kma^dt;^ 
but  there  are  limilationa  to  thia  power  in  the 
oaae  of  alien  parents,*  aikl  of  the  mother,  if  a 
widow;*  not,  however,  If  ahe  aoquirea  a  new 
domicil  by  re-marriage.*  The  guardian  haa 
the  aame  power  over  hia  ward  aa  a  parent  haa 
over  his  diild.a  The  domicil  of  a  lunatic  may 
be  changed  with  the  direction,  or  with  the 
aasent,  w  his  guardian.*  It  out  be  considered 
questionaMe  whether  the  guardian  can  change 
Ae  national  domicil  of  hli  ward.'  The  hus- 
band may  not  change  hia  domicil  after  commit- 
ting an  offence  which  enlitlca  the  wife  to  a 
divorce,  so  aa  to  deprive  her  of  her  remedy  ;• 
and  the  wife  may  not  in  the  like  caae  acquire 
a  new  domiciL* 

DBATH.  the  preaumption  of  death  arisea 
after  the  abaence  of  a  person  from  hia  domicil 
for  seven  years  without  having  been  heard 
from.*    See  title  Evi  dkkcb,  post 

RB8IDBNCB  is  a  personal  preaencc  in  n 
ftsed  and  permanent  abode.*  A  midenee 
diffim  frmn  a  domicil,  although  k  ia  a  neat 
matter  of  importance  in  determining  the  pace 
of  domicil.*  ResicSende  and  habuanor  an 
usually  8«nonvmous.>  ^Reaidenoe  inoicatea 
permanency  of  occupation,  aa  distinet  Ihim 
bM^ng,  or  boarding,  or  temporary  oocupation, 
but  doea  not  include  so  madi  aa  domicil, 
which  rcquirea  an  iatc(«i<m  coutfaiaed  with 
midence.' 

RirnnN.    See  above. 

BBTTLBMBNT.orunaidencunndersndi 
circumstances  as  to  entitle  a  petaon  to  support 
eraasiitance  in  case  of  beaoGiing  a  pauMur.ia 
obtained  in  varioua  waya.    I.  Ify  biitb.    %. 

a  the  leml  <«ttlement  of  the  lather  ia  case  of 
nor  children.    3.  By  marriage.    4l  Bt  con- 
tinued icrideaoa.    3.  By  p^rnant  ot  icquiidte 


im^ii:} 


Coaun.  •■ :  ■  iS^xU  n. 


CMtlTl..isaC.    9-}  —  — 
4  B«av.  ftoll.  44«.    !•«  < 


taxa.    6.  By  lawful  exercise  of  a  public  office. 

7.  By  hiring  and  service  for  a  specified  time. 

8.  By  serving  an  apprenlicethip,  and  perhaps 
some  others  which  depend  upon  the  statutes 
of  the  particular  StaU.* 

B««v.  8m  Rial  PHorearr ;  Hoosa. 
Itawkle  4^«ut«.  8m  PaAcncsi  Com*. 
0*«M«  Bamle.  Sm  Monsv. 
■l«aM«  iMweMicu.  8m  Imbwbamcb. 
»w«v.  SmMaiimaos:  Wiru. 
sw.  Sm  Rbai.  Paoraa-rv. 
SWU*.  8m  BoMOt,  Notas,  amo  BilU. 
'•r.  8m  BoMM,  Noras.  Aira  Biua. 
,  Sm  Rbai.  Paorsawi  Watsii. 
~     ,  Sm  OccurATioN. 

{■lean.  Sm  Msdical  Law. 
I.  8m  MmcAWTiLB  Law. 
•■•Illwr*  8m  CaiMiHAi.  Law. 
•■Ma^  Sm  PaasoML    _ 
•■■lb  ■MMlBMr.  SmSALas:  AucfioM. 
-    ^-  SmVa 


llelt|r.  Sm  PLaABiao. 
B<  Sm  An*. 

.  Sm  CoMTBACvs,  OUtgaUon  of 

•wSkltaW   VMBM.    Sm   RaAb   PaoHmtvi 
H0M8. 

Sm  MBMCAi.  Law. 

■<»iFaowaTV. 

I  '<ki«casi  Wilis. 
"     .ctica. 

;*«  i^.>.-t«ACT*. 

..  Sm  MAcaiAoai  Wire. 

...  Sm  iHTBaMATMHAL  LaW. 

ilMaMal.  Sm  CaiMiMAL  Law._ 
!•■•■.  Sm  Lamdumd  AMD  Tbmaut 
Peuraaiv,  aic 
~    *     nt  DaasAlM.  Sm  Rbai.  Paonasr. 
MU  Sm  Mbmcai.  Law. 


Sm  IwraMNATumAi.  Law. 

.  SmCoMvavAiKa*. 

aail.  Sm  Miutabv  Law. 

BaMMUr.  SmCowraACi*.  _       _^  

Klvir.  Im  CamniAi.  Law  ;  Rbai.  Paoraan. 
■iiv*y.  Sm  tm-BeMATWiiAL  Law. 
IjaiiHy.  Sm  UomaACTB. 
MIUIVV*    Sm  Bvimmcat    Law:  Puuummi; 

PaACTlCB.  ...  .       .        • 

Eqi;itt  is  natural  Juatice— justice  between 
cotrtmdiag  partiea.  It  ia  a  branch  of  reoMdla) 
justice  whkli  affords  relief  to  auitora  ia  oonrts 
of  pqui^. 

The  wkamet  between  the  remedial  Juatic* 
of  the  oiwrts  of  comaaon  law  and  that  oToouits 
of  aqu^  ia  ouwlied  and  maurial.  That  ad- 
ministered by  the  cmifta  of  law  is  limited  by 
the  princ^ilcs  A  the  common  law  (wMch  ai«  tii 
a  giuat  extent  poaidve  and  inflexible),  apd  «• 
pedally  fay  the  natun  aotf  diaracter  Of  the  nro 
oeaa  and  plaudings,  and  df  the  judnienta  FBidi 
those  eowti  can  render,  becanae  Vam  picadlngi 
cannot  fhily  pmeat  all  the  naatters  in  Ca0tro< 
veny,  nor  can  Ae  judnrient  be  adapted  to  the 
^peoal  txigendaa  wMdi  may  exist  iapatttcfthu 


■M :  %  Picfc.  SMI  I 

w«aa.  «4i 
Km»c' 

CsaM. 


<S.ftK.MBil((i  mU>>I«> 


EQUITY. 


4*7 


I  «M«rclMof  «  fmMic  olRce 
tnrica  for  a  specified  time, 
pprcnticethip,  uid  perba|it 
depend  upon  the  auuiu* 

te.« 

■oraarr:  Hovm. 
M  Pkacticb  ;  Caere. 

i««  MOHIV. 

MM.  Sc«  iMwaAMce. 

iaob:  Wire. 

*M>raeTY. 

Da,  Notie,  AMD  Biiu. 

iM,  Norna.  AMD  BiLU. 

■orear* :  w  atmi. 

XUrATIOM. 

See  MiBicAi.  Law. 

acAWTiu  Law.  i 

iiMiHAL  Law. 

,  SceSALit:  AucTRW. 

ITritiho. 

'L«Aoina. 

CIS,  OUIaatiea  of. 

MM.    Sm   Rml   PMfnrtri 

Mbmcai.  Law. 

■4 1.  PaoneTT. 
!  -o^jKcae:  Wilis. 
■  jctica. 
>.-iiucn. 

MABBiAOBt  Wire. 
maHATiOMAL  Law. 
.  8m  Cbiminal  Law._ 
lae  Lamoumd  and  TeMAiir 

kla.  See  Rbal  PaonMnr. 
Ibmcai.  Law. 
■NATumAi.  Law. 

•VBVAHnS. 

I  MiUTA*T  Law. 

wraACTS. 

HAL  Law;  RaALPaotOTV. 

iMATMNAi.  Law. 


BviMMCBi    Law 2  Plbasimii 

>1  jMtice— juaticc  iMlwcen 
It  b  a  branch  of  ranadta) 

*  nUef  to  raiton  in  oowtti 

itwe«a  the  femedial  {attics 
HDon  law  aiul  tliat  at  oowtt 
1  and  material.  Hat  ad- 
temtt  of  law  is  linitad  bjr 
I  eonmon  law  (wMch  an  t» 
iv»  and  inflmiWe),  «d  <•< 
in  aaji  diaracter  «f  tba  mo 
and  <tf  tht  jwifBMnts  Trhidi 
idar,  bacait»e  9m  pkadkvi 
t  all  the  natten  In  caniro- 
jHdmcnt  be  idariad  to  the 
rhteh  nuvoht  iapaitkAVu 

ilr.  fe{  s  K«tt  CeoM.  es|.  8e» 
k  iSt.  M  KeM  Cm—.- see : 
»44  Mi.  lit:  s  THnt.e*i. 
i4o>  If  Cm*.  sa4;  aj*&  "^^ 
•ait  t  IM.  tut  ejM*m  «7- 

[at.|tats.e|ts  eOmri4»e:  *9 

•  Mil** 


catM.  It  it  not  uncommon,  a1iu>,  for  cnnen  lo 
fail  in  the«e  courli,  from  the  fact  that  too  few 
or  too  many  persons  have  been  joined  as  par- 
ties, or  btcauie  the  pleadinK*  have  not  been 
framed  with  suHicieni  technical  precision. 

The  remedial  process  of  courts  of  equity,  nn 
the  other  hand,  admits,  and  generally  requires, 
that  all  persoiM  having  an  Interest  shall  be  made 
|)jrtie«,  and  maices  large  allowances  for  amend- 
ments by  summoning  and  discharging  parties 
after  the  commencement  of  suit.  The  plead- 
ki|,'s  are  usually  framed  so  as  to  present  to  the 
*)nxideration  9f  the  court  the  whole  case,  with 
Its  possible  legal  rights,  and  all  its  equities ; 
.hat  IS,  all  the  gr<iunds  upon  which  the  suitor  is 
or  is  not  entitled  lo  relief,  upon  the  principles 
of  equity.  And  its  final  remedial  proccas  may 
be  so  varied  as  to  meet  the  reouircments  of  these 
e<|uiiies  in  cases  whers  the  Jurisdiction  of  the 
courts  of  eouity  eximt,  by  "  commanding  what 
ii  right,  ana  prohibitiiig  what  is  wrong?'  In 
other  words,  its  final  procew  is  varied  so  as 
lu  enable  the  courts  to  do  that  equitable  Jus- 
tice lietween  the  parties  which  the  case  de- 
mands, either  by  commanding  what  is  to  be 
done,  or  prohibiting  what  is  threatened  to  be 
done. 

In  many  States  courto  possess  both  kw  and 
equity  jurisdiction. 

In  aqiiitj*  tti'««  an  certain  nilea  and 
maxima ■.    .ex «  i of  apaeial imponanca : 

I.  "Equi.  <m(.v  having  Jurisdictkm"  of  a 
subjeci-mattr.',  because  there  is  no  remedy  in 
law,  or  becaiise  the  remedy  is  inadequate, 
"doca  not  lose  the  jurisdiction,"  merely  be- 
cause the  courts  of  law  afterwards  give  the  aaaie 
or  similar  relief. 

a.  -  Equity  foilowt  the  law,"  except  fai  rela- 
tion  to  those  matten  which  give  a  title  to  equit- 
able relief  because  the  ralca  of  kw  wovid 
operate  to  sanction  fraud  or  hijuitice  i<x  the 
particular  case. 

J.  -  When  there  is  equal  equitr  the  law  must 
prevail."  For  if  one's  adversary  has  an  equally 
Muitablt  case,  the  conplainant  hat  no  oiora 
title  to  rdief  than  hit  advenaty;  therefore 
equality  it  equity. 

4.  "Eqna&ty  it  equity."  Caaet  of  appor- 
tionment of  money,  or  of  eoatrihntlon  among 
those  benefited  or  liable,  abatement  of  claims 
on  account  of  deficiency  of  the  meant  of  pay- 
ment, etc.,  etc.,  are  examplea. 

5.  "  He  who  tedn  emrity  mutt  do  equtty." 
A  party  cannot  elafan  Jadidal  interpotitton  for 
Rlief  snlcat  he  will  do  tAmt  it  it  eqidtable  at 
a  omidition  precedent  to  that  relief. 

6.  "  Equity  oonslden  done  that  which  ought 
to  have  been  done."  Thus,  where  there  hi  an 
sj^reement  Ibr  the  tale  of  fattid,  and  the  vendor 
diet,  the  tend  may  be  treated  at  money,  and 
the  ptoceedt  of  the  tale,  when  oomoleted,  go 
x>  the  dtstriboteet  of  perional  ettate  instead  of 
the  heir.  If  the  tenoee  diet  before  the  com- 
pletion of  the  patchate,  the  purchttc-money 
may  ha  ht#M4  M  itAAkl  tlm  benefit  of  the 
Mir.       '•'"■•'  •  •  - 


The  general  ruitura  and  Juriadiction  of 
equity  exitta  for  the  fbUowing  purpoaeo: 

I.  For  the  purpose  of  compelTing  a  discov» 
ery  from  the  defendant,  respecting  the  truth  of 
the  matters  alleged  against  him,  by  an  appeal 
lu  his  conscience  to  spealt  the  truth.  The  dis- 
covery is  enforced  by  requiring  an  anitwer  to 
the  clleguiions  in  the  plainlilTs  complaint,  in 
order  that  the  plainliR  may  use  the  matters 
disclosed  in  the  answer  as  admissions  of  the 
defendont,  and  thus  evidence  for  the  plaintiiT, 
either  m  connection  with  and  in  aid  of  other 
evidence  offered  by  the  plainliflT,  or  to  supply 
the  want  of  other  evidence  on  his  part ;  or  it 
may  be  to  avoid  the  expense  to  which  the  plain- 
tiff mus^be  put  in  procuring  other  evidence  to 
sustain  his  cose. 

Where  the  plaintifPs  complaint  (otherwise 
called  a  bill)  pravt  for  relief  in  the  same  suit, 
the  statements  or  the  defendant  in  hit  answer 
are  considered  by  the  court  in  faming  a  Judg- 
ment upon  the  whole  case ;  to  a  certain  extent 
the  statemenlt  of  the  defendant  in  answer  to  the 
bill  or  complaint  are  evidence  for  himself  also. 
The  discovery  which  may  be  required  is  not 
only  of  flicU  within  the  knowledge  of  the  de- 
fendant, hut  may  also  be  Jt  deeds  and  other 
writings  hi  hit  pottewioa. 

The  right  to  ditcovery  It  not  unlimited;  at, 
for  intUnce,  the  defendant  it  not  bound  to 
make  a  ditcovery  which  would  tubiect  him  to 
punishment,  nor.  ordinarily,  to  wsoorer  the 
titles  upon  which  he  reliet  tot  hfa  defimce ;  nor 
it  the  piaintifr  entitled  to  require  the  production 
of  all  paper*  which  ha  may  detire  to  look  into. 
The  limitt  of  the  right  dctenre  caivfhl  contid- 
eration.  The  ditcoviny,  when  bad,  may  be  the 
foundation  of  equitable  relief  hi  the  tame  suit, 
in  which  case  it  may  be  connected  with  all  the 
claaMi  of  catet  in  which  relief  it  toaght ;  or  it 
may  befcr  the  purpote  of  bdi^  utcd  in  some 
other  court,  in  which  case  the  jaritdiction  it 
detignated  at  an  ataittant  Jurltdiction. 

a.  Where  eooitt  of  law  do  not,  or  did  not 
recognise  any  right,  and  therefore  could  give 
no  <iemcdy,  bat  where  oonrti  of  equity  reoo*- 
nite  equitaUe  rifhit,  and  of  course  give  equit- 
able relief.  TUt  was  denominated  exclu- 
sive jurisdiction.  Of  thii  clast  aret  trusts, 
charities,  forfcited  and  fanpcifect  mortgages, 
lienahies,  and  forfeitatas,  imperftct  oonudera- 
tioR,  etc.  In  meet  of  Ac  catet  which  fall 
under  thit  head,  jMortt  of  tew  exerdie  a  con- 
current juritdictton. 

J.  Where  the  ooarts  cf  eqidty  administer 
equitable  rsSief  for  the  infraction  of  legal  rights 
in  eases  in  which  courts  of  tew,  reoogiOting  the 
right,  give  a  remedy  according  to  their  princi- 
ples, modes,  and  ham,  bat  Oe  remcdr  is 
deemed  by  equity  inadequate;  this  is  called 
concurrent  iurisdiction.  It  embraces  fraud, 
misuke,  acddent,  administrstioa.  legacies,  con- 
tribution, and  catet  where  juttice  and  con- 
science r^aire  the  canceltetion  or  re<brmai-'ji> 
of  insiramentt,  or  the  tadisiaat  or  the  speitb 
porformanee  of  contntfiti. 


simifim»mt!>»mm>siummi:\ .  . 


EQUITY. 


The  Gowta  vl  law  ralievA  agalntt  fbud,  mi«- 
take,  «nd  accident  whwre  •  remedy  can  be  hod 
according  to  their  mode*  and  Tornu ;  but  there 
are  many  cane*  in  which  the  legal  remedy  is 
m«d<!  equal  to  the  purpoae*  of  Juttice.  l>.e 
modes  of  investigation  and  the  peculiar  reme- 
dies of  the  court  of  equity  are  often  of  the 
greatest  importance  in  this  class  of  cases. 
Transfers  to  defeat  or  delay  creditors  and  pur- 
chasers without  notice  of  an  outstanding  title 
come  under  this  head  of  fraud.  The  court 
does  not  relieve  in  all  cases  of  accident  or 
mistake. 

In  many  cases  the  circumstances  are  such  as 
to  require  the  cancellation  or  reformation  of 
written  instruments,  or  of  specific  performance 
of  contracts,  instead  of  damages  for  the  breach 
of  them. 

4  Where  the  court  of  equity  administers  the 
retnedy  because  tbe  relations  of  the  parties  are 
such  that  there  are  Impedimenta  to  a  legal  rem- 
edy, as,  for  instance,  in  cases  of  partnership,  inint 
tenancy,  marshalling  of  aiseta,  and  the  like. 
From  the  nature  of  a  partnership  there  are  im- 
pedimenta to  suita  at  law  between  th«  several 
partners  and  the  paitnenhip  in  rehuion  to  mat- 
ters involved  in  the  parlnenhip;  and  impedi- 
menta of  a  similar  character  txiu  in  other 


5.  Where  the  forms  of  proceeding  in  the 
courta  <tf  law  arc  not  deemed  adequate  to  the 
due  investigation  of  tbe  particulars  and  details 
of  the  case.  This  class  includes  acoonnta, 
partition,  dower,  ascertainment  of  bonndaries. 

6.  Where,  from  a  relatioa  of  tmit  and  oon- 
fidence,  or  from  consanguinitir,  the  parties  dp 
not  stand  on  equal  gn>ttnd  in  their  dealings 
with  each  other,  ai,  the  relations  of  parent 
and  child,  (piardian  and  ward,  attorn^  and 
client,  principal  and  agent,  execotor  and  ad- 
miniatrator,  legatcet  and  distnbatecs,  trustee 
and  tnlmiami  trust,  etc.    .. 

Cases  or  this  daw  are  aoinetfm«s  comidcred 
under  the  ber'4  of  constmctivc  fraud. 

7.  Where  Uie  cowt'gninta  loUef  from  con- 
sideratiom  of  pnhlic  poticr.  becMise  of  the 
mischief  which  wodM  niitt  if  th«  court  did 
not  intmrfert.  Of  thi«'  daw  are  marriage 
hnkerMCC  agreaniMitL  contncta  in  raatraint 
of  trade,  bvyint  m«  wiling  pabUe  oAcea, 
agreemeptr  feandM  on  cormpt  oowidfiratioos, 
usnry,  gaminib  M^  comtaqti  witli  eipecUnt 
hein. 

Cases  of  this  daw  art  somatiiMS  caqsidered 
under  the  liead  of  ooastinoiva  intid. 

8.  Where  «  party,  frona  tEcapaeity  to  take 
care  of  hia  righiSi  is  under  the  special  care  of 
the  court  of  tqiiity,  aa  iofanta.  idiots,  and  l«na- 
tict,  whidk  is  mui^afA  tbvo«^  cooMiitteet  or 
guardiant. 

9.  Whan  the  co^rt  recogriaw  an  oUigation 
on  the  part  of  a  kaaband  to  make  provision  fSar 
the  supiMrt  of  hia  wifi^or  tonHHW  n  settlement 
npon  tiftt  oirt  of  tho  pnvMty  which  co  aes  to 
her  fagr  iatMtitataM  or  oOierVise.  This  juris- 
dictioa  ia  not  fBHiid«4  19011  .e|Mi«r  irwi  or 


fraud,  but  Is  origlnslly  derived  from  the  maxim 
"  that  he  whij  aitks  equity  thoulJ  do  equity." 

10.  Where  lh«  equitable  relief  appropriate 
to  the  case  consitts  in  restraining  (he  commix- 
sion  or  continuance  of  some  act  of  which  (he 
defendant  admiaistered  by  means  of  a  writ  of 
injunction, 

11.  Where  the  court  aids  in  the  procuration 
or  preservstion  of  evidence  of  the  rights  of  « 
party,  tu  be  UMd,  if  necessary,  in  some  subse- 
quent proceeding,  the  court  administering  no 
niial  relief. 

PLEADING.  A  suit  in  equity  is  ordinaniy 
instituted  by  a  complaint  or  petition,  called  a 
bill,  and  the  defenJant  i'  served  with  a  writ 
of  summons,  called  a  subpoena,  requiring  him 
to  appear  and  answer. 

The  forms  of  proc«edin^  in  equity  are  stKh 
as  to  bring  the  rights  of  all  persons  interested 
before  the  court ;  and,  as  a  general  rule,  all 
iicrsons  interested  should  be  mode  parties  to  the 
bill,  either  as  plaintiffs  or  defendants.  There 
may  be  amendments  of  th«  bill,  or  a  supple- 
mental bill{  which  is  sometimes  necessary 
when  the  case  is  beyond  the  stage  for  amend- 
ment. In  case  tha  suit  (ails  by  the  death  of  the 
party,  there  is  a  bill  of  revivor,  and  after  the 
caus2  ia  dispoaed  of  there  auqr  he  n  bill  of  re- 
view. 

The  defence  ix  made  by  demurrer,  plea,  or 
answer.  Discovery  may  be  obtained  from  the 
plaintiff,  and  further  matter  may  be  introduced 
by  means  of  a  cmsc  bill,  brought  bv  the  defend- 
ant against  the  plaintiff,  in  older  that  it  may  be 
considered  at  the  same  time. 

If  the  idaintiff  elects,  he  nay  file  a  ra^ica- 
(ion  to  the  defendant's  answer. 

The  final  process  ia  directed  by  the  decree, 
which  being  a  special  judgment  cv>  provide 
relief  according  to  the  nature  of  tb«  ease. 
Thk  is  somdlmes  bjr  a  perpetnal  injunction. 

There  may  be  a  bill  to  execute,  or  to  itn- 
peach  a  decree. 

PRACTICE.  The  mlea  of ovidence,  except 
as  to  the  effect  of  the  anawtr  and  the  takiitg 
of  the  testirooay,  are,  in  general,  similar  to  the 
rules  of  evidence  in  cases  of  law.  But  to  this 
there  Mte  exceptions. 

The  answer,  if  made  «|n  oalh,  la  aWdenee 
for  die  dkfnidaat  so  far  to  it  is  responsivf  to 
the  bill  <br  discoveiy,  and  as  such  it  pnvaib, 
nnlesa  it  ia  overcooM  by  somethins  more  then 
what  ii  equivalent  to  the  testimony  of  one  wit- 
neae.  If  withoat  « it  it  a  mere  pkacUiVt 
and  the  allegatioas  ..and  fpr  proof. 

If  the  amwer  is  incomplete  or  improper,  tktf 
platatiff  magr  except  to  it,  and  it  must  be  eo 
amended  aa  to  he  UM^e  sufficient  and  proper. 
The  <Me  may  be  heard  on  the  bill  and  Mswer 
if  the  idefaitia  ao  elects,  and  seta  the  case  down 
for  heaitag  in  that  mode. 

If  tiw  ^ainttff  dcaires  to  oontroveit  anv  of 
tbe  ttateasenta  in  the  answer,  h«  files  a  replica- 
tion by  wbioh  he  denies  the  truth  of  the  alle- 
Mrtiom  in  Ui*  anawcr.  and  testimony  is  tdwk 
The  tctdnony  iNs  formerly  taken  U)>pn  inter 


y  derived  from  lh«  mulm 
juity  iihoulJ  do  <M)uity," 
uiuhte  relief  «ppmpriate 
n  reitraining  Ihe  c(>nimi%- 
>f  »ume  act  of  which  (he 
ed  by  mean*  of  a  writ  of 

rl  aid*  in  Ike  procvration 
idence  of  the  righu  of  « 
lecestary,  in  tome  tubM- 
e  court  adminialering  no 

.  tuit  in  equity  i»  ordinarily 
oint  or  petition,  called  a 
int  i-r  tiMrved  with  a  writ 
i  aubpoena,  requiring  him 

edin^  in  equity  are  MKh 
of  all  permns  interested 
d,  a*  a  general  rule,  alt 
uld  be  maide  parties  to  the 
Is  or  dcfenOantt.  There 
of  the  bill,  or  a  supple- 
la  sometime*  necessary 
rond  the  stage  for  amend- 
it  (ails  by  the  death  of  Ihe 
at  revivor,  and  after  the 
liere  miy  be  «  bill  of  re- 

ide  by  dcmarrer,  |dea,  or 
nay  be  ohuincd  fram  the 
natter  may  be  introduced 
111,  brought  bv  the  defend- 
lir,  in  Older  that  it  may  be 
« time. 
a%,  be  may  file  *  replica- 

•  answer. 

I*  directed  by  the  decree, 
d  judgment  am  provide 
the  nature  of  lb«  am. 

•  perpetoal  iajunction. 
lill  to  execdtr,  or  to  iai- 

e  mlea  of  ovidence,  except 

•  mswtr  end  the  lalcii^ 
in  general,  ainilar  to  the 
KM!  of  law.    Bnt  to  this 

^  <in  oath,  ia  et^idem* 
far  its  It  is  responsivf  to 
',  aiid  at  such  it  pnvaib, 
•■  by  soatethinj  more  than 
lli«  teatinony  of  om  wit- 
4  it  it  a  mere  |4eaiUiig, 
ind  (pr  proof. 
XMnptete  or  improper,  ilMf 
«  it,  and  tt  mvA  be  to 
l4o  sttScient  tod  proper, 
d  on  the  bill  tnd  tofwer 
I,  and  sets  the  caac  down 
tdo. 

t«8  to  oontfov^  «nv  of 
uiswer,  b«  $Ie»  a  rtplifia- 
ilea  the  truth  of  the  aUe- 
',  and  testimony  ii  taken, 
wmerly  taken  apon  iattr 


IQUITY— ESTATES. 


Kgsloriea  MM  in  the  clerk's  office,  and  pro- 
pounded by  lh€  csamincr;  thi*  practice  is 
Ktentivcly  motlified.  If  any  of  Ihe  loiimony 
M  improper,  there  is  a  motion  to  sup|.i ,»«  it. 

The  case  may  be  referred  to  a  muicr  to  slate 
the  accouiiu  between  the  parties,  or  to  malce 
■uch  other  report  a*  the  case  may  require. 
The  examination  of  parties  may  be  in  the 
mailer's  office.  Eacepiiuns  mav  be  taken  to 
bii  report. 

The  hearing  of  the  caae  is  before  the  equity 
judge,  who  may  make  interlocutory  orders  or 
decrees,  and  who  pronounces  the  final  decree 
or  judgment.  There  m,*y  be  a  re-hearing,  if 
lulncient  causa  ia  shown. 


T  f— ge.  Sw  Wamao. 
r>  tm  FaacTicB. 


s—E""!  •!•  CwmwAt.  Law  j  Aaaasr. 

Ea«tlM«<.  Sm  RsiiL  pRoruTv. 

■aevoei.  !■•  CoMvevANcaa. 

MTATB.  Ilea  PaoHurrv,  etc. 

EsTATi  ineiudRsi  i.  In  iu  widest  sense 
greryihiii*  of  which  real  or  personal  property 
may  cooaitt.'  t.  In  iu  more  limited  sense  it 
spplies  to  lands. 

Alikmation.    See  CcwviTAKcaB.' 

BouNiMKin.    See  Rka?.  Phofuty. 

CoNTimKNT  EtTATU  depend  upon  events 
which  may  or  may  not  happen;  as,  an  estate 
limited  to  a  penoa  not  ia  being,  cr  not  yet 
hom,» 

CorAkOiMAiiT  EsTATn  are  those  where 
•everal  Mraona  hold  as  one  heir,  whether  male 
or  female;  they  have  three  unities  of  lime,  title, 
Md  poaaMBioo,  bnt  the  inieieal  of  the  copar- 
ctaersamybe  naeqaal.* 

to  which  Ihe  huaband  ia  entitled  upon  the 
death  of  hit  wifie,  in  the  knda  and  tenements 
of  which  the  was  leiaed  in  fee  aimple  or  entail 
during  thak  marrimM,  praeided  they  have  had 
Uwfel  iitM  ban  alive  and  pomibly  ctpable  of 
.nbcritiat  her  a«ato.»  It  U  the  iraehili  estate 
lor  the  teiw  of  hit  natnnl  life.* 

E)ewant>  Brath  are  thoae  wheteby  the 
prsaeirt  intovaat  pmoea  to  and  iwidea  in  the 
trnant,  Mt  depnklent  apon  any  subaequent 
«««"•»•  or  oeotingency.  th^  are  also 
called  eiltlea  faipcaeeasiMi.* 

EKtancmv  Bn-Am  ai«  thotn  inlerests 
which  depend  for  their  enjojmcnt  apon  some 
tubuMaenl  event  or  ooatiMMHy,  aa  an  eaecu- 
tonr  dbviaa,  «Meatory  MMahMler,  etc. 

^■?^v'?'  *?*T"  "•  «h«M  given  to  one 
»nd  thefar  hein  tbioint^  withoat  any  end  or 
bniit.ele.    Sat  CSoNVnAman,  ante. 

F»E  TAit  Eratc     See  CoMvtYAHcn. 

inte. 

FoTVBB  Sratks  coKiaiaaoe  in  poaactaion 
*t  a  futare  iaf,  either  withoai  the  intervention 

Wa25r%... 
Jrop,  tay. 


of  a  precedent  estate,  or  on  the  determination 
by  lapse  of  time,  or  otherwise,  of  a  precedent 
estate  crealetl  at  the  same  lime,  thus  excluding 
reversions,  which  cannot  be  said  to  t>c  created 
at  the  same  time  because  ihey  are  a  remnant  of 
Ihe  original  estate  remaining  in  Ihe  grantor. 

INHERITANCK— Are  thuae  c»lnle»  which  mny 
descend  to  one's  heirs.*  All  freehold  estates 
are  estates  of  inheritance,  except  estates  for 

Insolvent  Estatu  are  in  general  the 
su^ect  of  statutory  regulation. 

JoiNTOaK  is  a  joint  estate  limited  to  both 
husband  and  wife.s   It  is  a  competent  livelihood 
of  freehold  for  the  wife  of  lands  and  tenements, 
to  teke  effect,  in  profit  or  possesHion,  inimedi- 
olely  aAer  Ihe  death  of  the  husband,  for  Ihe 
life  of  (he  wife  at  least ;  to  make  a  good  join- 
ture Ihe  following  circumstances  must  concur  i 
I.  It  must  take  eflcct.  either  in  possession  or 
profit,  immediately  from  the  death  of  the  hue- 
b«»d.    3.  It  must  be  for  Ihe  wife's  life,  or  for 
some  greater  estate.     3.  It  must  be  limited  to 
the  wife  herself,  and  not  to  any  other  person  in 
trust  for  her.    4.  It  must  be  made  in  satis- 
faction for  the  wife's  whole  dower,  and  not  of 
a  part  of  it  only.     5.  The  estate  limited  to  the 
wife  must  be  expressed  or  averred  to  be  in 
satisfaction  of  her  whole  dower.    6.  It  must 
be  made  before  marriage.    A  jointure  attended 
with  all  these  circumstances  is  binding  on  the 
widow,  and  ia  a  complete  bar  to  her  dower; 
or,  rather,  it  prevente  the  existence  of  dower. 
But  there  are  other  modes  of  limiting  au  estate 
to  a  wife  which  are  |;ood  jointures,  provided 
the  wife  acccpU  them  after  the  death  of  the 
husband.    She  may,  however,  reject  them,  and 
claim  her  dower.^ 

JoiKT  Tenancy  is  the  estate  which  subaisU 
between  several  penons  in  any  subject  of 
proper^  in  equal  shares  by  purchase.'  The 
right  Of  aarvivoiship  is  the  diatinguikhing  char* 
acteristic  of  this  esUttJ 

LiOAt  EtTATis  are  ihoee  the  right  to  which 
may  be  enforced  in  a  cou.t  of  law;  they  are 
disliMttished  from  equitable  eaiatcs,  the  right 
to  which  can  be  esteblished  only  in  a  court  of 
equity.' 

Li«  EtTATia  are  freeholds,  not  of  inheri- 
tance, bat  which  ia  held  by  the  tenant  for  hit 
own  life,  or  the  life  or  Uvea  of  othen,  or  for  an 
mdciinite  aeriod,  which  may  endure  for  the  Ufe 
or  lives  of  persona  in  being;  and  not  beyond 
Ihe  period  uf  a  life.'  Where  the  measure  of 
duration  it  the  tenam't  own  life  it  it  called  an 
estate  "  for  the  tenant's  own  life."  When  the 
measure  of  duratioa  it  the  life  of  anoihcr  p<>r- 
ton  it  it  called  an  estate  "/rr  aitrt  vie  "  (for 
ano(her*B  life)."   These  estetes  may  be  creaiiat 

SclSfc.  V  ^^-s*-  ^^  »' j«8«5''  C-™"-   '•• 


■! 


430 


ESTATES. 


byut  of  (haUwi,  orof  Ihepartie*.  The  chief 
incident*  to  c«t«let  for  life  are  «  right  to  talte 
.n«.'t(rom  th«  neccMcry  liml>cr  and  natural 
v>*'.^rial  for  fuel,  fencing,  repairs,  and  agricul* 
lural  purpoMt,  and  •  freedom  from  injurv  hy  a 
ludden  termination  or  ditturtjance  oif  the  e*- 
taie.  Undcr-tanantt  have  ihe  »am«  privileges 
aa  Iho  original  tenant,  and  acts  of  Ihe  original 
tenant  which  would  destroy  hia  own  claim  lo 
these  privilegct  will  not  anect  them.*  Their 
right,  nowcvar,  doea  not,  of  course,  aa  apinst 
the  superior  owner,  extend  beyond  the  life  of 
the  orfginat  tenant.* 

Particular  utatbs  are  those  which  are 
carved  out  of  larger  estates,  and  which  pre- 
cedes a  remainder ;  aa,  an  eMbte  for  life  to  A., 
remainder  to  B.  in  tail.  This  precedent  estate 
is  called  the  particular  estate.' 

Rrmaindbr.    See  Real  Property. 

Rbveriion  is  the  residue  of  an  estate  left  in 
the  grantor  to  commence  in  poMesslon  aAer  the 
determination  of  aorae  particular  estate  granted 
out  by  him.<  It  is  the  residue  of  an  emale 
which  always  continues  in  him  who  made  a 
particular  grant.' 

SiiiiN.    See  Conveyances;  Real  Prov- 

BRTY. 

Separate  bstatu  are  thoae  which  belong 
to  one  only  of  several  persons ;  as,  the  separate 
etlale  of  a  partner,  which  due*  not  belong  to 
the  partnenhip.*  A  senarate  estate  of  a  mar- 
ried woman  is  that  which  belong!  to  her,  and 
over  which  har  husband  has  no  control.  It 
may  be  either  lands  or  chattels,  or  both.* 

Severalty.  Estates  in  aeveraltv  are  thoae 
held  by  a  tenant  in  hia  own  right  only,  without 
any  other  being  joined  or  connected  with  hint 
in  point  of  interest  during  the  continuanca  of 
hia  esute.* 

Sufferance.  An  estate  at  taffbrance  is  the 
interest  of  a  tenant  who  haa  come  rightfully 
into  poaicuion  of  landa  by  pcrmisiion  of  the 
owner,  and  continoci  to  occupy  the  tant  after 
the  period  for  which  h«  is  eatilkd  to  hold  by 
such  pembsion.*  This  estate  seMom  occurs, 
but  is  lecognixed^  as  so  far  an  estate  that  the 
laadlotd  nnt  enter  benn  be  can  bring  ^ect- 
ment  a|^nst  Ihe  tenant.*  If  the  tenant  has 
personally  left  the  bouse  the  laadlofd  osajr  break 
la  the  dooist'aiid  the  nddcra  rule  seens  to  be 
that  die  landtoid  mttf  use  force  to  regain  pos- 
sesaion,  subfccl  only  to  iadictaient  if  any  Injwy 
is  committM  against  dM  pnbiic  peace.' 

Unity.  In  a  Mnt  estate  thcra  must  nist 
four  unities:  I.  That  of  &it«i«st,  ior  a  joint 


■h8«eMp««a.StMi.  •«8lHB«w.BLCeas«.ias: 
t  RoBe  Abr^7:  t  wwhb.  E.  tW  Mf,  f<  -t't  •» 
IVaioff.  R.  mp.sjs:  iGiMal.OtWMDfa.ia*,i<«iv. 
y4BI.CHgai.»(si  alCeMCoana.«t«i  ItViMrMr. 


Cmm. 

>,S4*I. 


tenant  cannot  be  entitled  to  one  period  ol  dura- 
lion  or  quantity  of  interest  in  larKis  and  tiic 
other  to  a  different)  one  cannot  be  tenant  for 
life,  and  the  other  for  years.  ••  That  of  tlllr^, 
and  iherafure  their  estates  miMt  be  created  hy 
one  and  the  same  act.  i.  That  of  lime,  for 
their  estates  mutt  be  vestecl  at  one  and  the  sonic 
period,  as  we'll  m  by  one  and  the  same  title  -, 
and,  4.  That  of  poncssion.  Hence  joint  ten- 
ants each  have  an  entire  poascMion,  aa  well  o( 
every  parcel  as  of  the  whole.* 

Co-parcencTS  must  have  the  unities  of  inter 
est,  title,  and  possession. 

Tenancies  in  common  require  only  the  uniiy 
of  pnasession,* 

WILL.  Estetes  strictly  at  will  are  u.  unfrr 
quent  ocrurretice,  being  generally  turned  iniu 
eMates  for  years, or  from  year  11  year,  bgr  il'- 
decisions  of  the  court  or  by  statute.*  Svc 
Sufferance,  above  1  Years,  below. 

Years.  Estates  for  years  are  interests  in 
lands  by  virtue  of  a  contract  for  the  possessim 
o(  them  for  a  definite  and  limile<f  ^)eriod  of 
time.*  Such  estates  are  freqnentiv  c(.ilcd  lermi. 
The  length  of  time  for  which  the  estate  is  to 
endure  is  of  no  importance  in  aacertaiAing  it* 
character,  unlesa  otherwise  declared  by  statute.* 

AOMINIBTRATION  is  the  manage- 
ment of  the  estate  of  aa  uttestate  person,  under 
a  commission  from  the  proper  authceiiy,  is 
called  administration.  The  management  of  the 
estate  of  an  intestate,  or  of  a  testator  who  ha;: 
no  executor.* 

The  term  is  generally  applied  as  denoting 
the  management  of  an  estate  by  an  executor, 
and  also  we  management  of  the  estates  of  in- 
ebriates, intestates,  lunatics,  ninofa,  non  com- 
polos  mentis,  spendthrifts,  tc^laton,  etc.,  in 
those  cases  where  guaidiaiis  and  trustees  have 
been  apciointed  by  anthority  of  law  to  lake 
''!iargeof  such  estates  in  placeof  the  leml  owners. 

Aominutkation  ao  interim,  where  any 
considerable  tune  has  ehipsed  since  the  decease 
of  the  testator  or  intestate,  lettcis  of  aikiinis- 
tration  may  be  granted  at  once,  even  where  s 
will  is  sapposM  to  exist,  to  continue  only  till 
the  eMOHlor  shidi  prove  the  will,  or  sc#i  other 
steps  shall  bo  taken  to  compel  iu  prodvction.' 
See  Aohinutratkim  to  Coujkt  ams1>re- 
•Bsvi.  ETC.,  below. 

AIMILMRY    or  AmaiAART    ADIIIMIITtA> 

TIOM  is  subordinate  to  the  principal  adninb- 
tration,  for  odhMiing  the  estetes  of  fereigitei». 
It  is  taken  out  in  the  country  whetre  the  fsscis 
Rre  kKally  situate.*    For  the  audwrity  of  a  pcr> 

B. eat  I  wasae^K.  sm^  w^wn  7 ss. m li.  sie,  13 
j«Mia.  au  I  i]  Plek.  |t.  StW.  Omm-,  tn-%9k}  Co. 
lltLiM.  jM««MM^M.CMMa.i9a:  aBwv.fax 
■a.  iM«-i88«.  h.i  WjgMk.  K.  n«p.  lya:  4  X*" 
Canna.  ns :  THHrJU.  Caa.  141  4 mmi,  m:  1  f.  K 
tjp.  4M  tkaisw.  BL  Caaiai.  M»s  ■CnMaR.  mp. 
f  M4f  {  MC.  Air.  Immt  WM<»-  R.  rroa.  im!  ■ 
WaM.R.jM.a|R|  gHMLUaa«,M.   m-nVbrn. 

sta  I  GrssM.  Oak*  oI|l  afs,  aesH.   »•  Bi.  Oawi. 

«4i  1Wass.ta.13K  TSwUb.  K  <kl4L.*  WW. 
a.  a4i, 90.   v-Km Cenua.  ^ttmf.t  s  WsM. Bs. 
Aai.  H oHs  i  S4  Ala.  lay. 


tilled  loona  ncriod  ot  duiit- 
inlcmt  in  ian«l«  and  I  he 
',  one  cannot  be  tenant  fur 
)r  yean.  a.  That  of  titles 
ettate*  mutt  be  created  h) 
act.  1.  That  of  time,  fi>r 
vealea  at  one  and  the  lanic 
y  nnt  and  the  ume  title  ; 
Muion.  Hence  joint  ten- 
mire  poaaeeeion,  as  well  o( 
ie  whole.* 

t  have  the  tinUict  of  inter 
tion. 
mon  reqnira  onljr  tka  uniiy 

:trict]y  at  will  aie  u>  unfrr 
«ing  generally  turned  inui 
from  year  f^year,  by  il.i; 
ourt  or  bjr  itatute.*  Svt 
I  YtAUi,  below, 
for  yean  are  intereat*  in 
contract  for  the  poueniirn 
lite  and  limile<{  ^)eriod  o( 
are  freqnentl*  cUled  termi. 
for  which  the  eitate  ia  (o 
lortance  in  aacertaitting  its 
«rwiM  decioired  bf  Malate.^ 
k7IO»|  fa  the  nwnage- 
f  ti)  :nte«tate  person,  nnder 
I  the  proper  aulb«si1iy,  ii 
I.  The  management  of  the 
e,  or  of  B  testator  who  ka:; 

irelly  apfJied  u  denoting 
an  estate  by  an  executor, 
ement  of  the  estates  of  in- 
lunatics,  minors,  iton  com- 
dthrifts,  tcjtaton,  etc.,  in 
luaidiana  and  trustees  have 
authority  of  law  to  take 
■  Inplacoof  the  lenlownen. 
I  AD  IMTUIIM.  Whcrt  any 
M  elapsed  since  the  decease 
stcstate,  Ictten  of  kdhainis- 
led  at  once,  even  wbon  s 
exist,  to  oeoliiiae  oaly  till 
rove  the  will,  or  scAt  other 
I  to  GomDcl  its  proaiictkio.' 
m  TO  COLUCr  AMD  iPtl- 

Amciuakt  ADiiiiatnA> 
I  to  tlie  priBcipal  adadnis- 
gthe  oatatesoi  ftantowtn. 
w  ooontiy  wh«*  tM  9H«is 
For  die  mthority  of  •  per> 


W.4„tlJ^Jfe|J^W.J5 

^^  »•»  »lt-«fcl  Co. 
.■.CMMkigai  sBmh.Iim 
fmOk  tL.  giw.  net  ♦  JUi;! 

P(a.i4S4lUAi,n3:  iXI< 
Mfeai.  Mf»i  I  Ci^ta  K.  not- 
mmt  WM.  ».  r 

Ht.fcr:e 


ESTATES. 


411 


tonal  representative  Is  strictly  limited  to  the 
Stale  from  which  It  is  derived.     .Still  there  are 
«ome  exceptions  to  lhi»  rule ;  thii«,  an  cxeculur 
or  administrator,  after  perfecting  hit  title  to  per- 
lonal  txroperty  of  the  estate  by  due  prtKif.  and 
olMaining  proper  lellen,  may  nuinlain  an  aciion 
in  hit  own  name  without  describing  himtelf  as 
executor  or  adminiilrator,  for  ''-<■  recovery  of 
•Umagaa  fisr  any  iniury  done  to      y  of  the  per- 
v)nal  property  of  the  estate,  alter  the  deceaie 
(if  the  tcsutor  or  intestate,  such  action  Itcing 
founded,  not  tipoa  the  title  of  the  deceaaed,  but 
u|)on  that  of  his  personal  re|irMenUlive,aa  tuch,** 
and  this  wherever  the  goods  may  be  carritid, 
found,  01  withheld,  and  whether  in  his  cuttody 
or  not.     So,  too,  where  the  title  to  the  property 
m  poesession,  and  even  in  chonf  a  in  aciion  of  a 
negotiable  nature,  becomes  perfected  under  the 
administration    in  cme  state  or  country,  any 
action  requisite  to  vindicate  and  enforce  such 
title  in  any  other  or  foreign  state  or  count  r/ 
may  be  maintained  without  recourse  to  any  liKal 
administration.     But  beyond  these  and  similar 
exceptional  cases,  the  suihority  of  an  executor 
nr  •dminlstrator  is  limited  tit  the  sUte  or  coun- 
try where  it  is  granted. 

AOMINiniATION    TO    COLLECT    AND     PHE- 

si«v»  goods  about  to  periih,  ii  granicd  where 
there  is  no  executor  or  adminUtrator,  and  is 
Kovemed  entirely  by  statute  which  limits  and 
i|u«lifiea  the  administrator's  power  over  them. 

AoMiNumiATioN  DB  BONIS  MON  is  granted 
where  a  former  administrator  dies  leaving  b 
portion  of  the  estate  of  a  deceased  unadminis. 
tered.  The  Detion  so  appointed  has  in  general 
the  powers  of  a  common  administrator!*  But 
an  adroinistiator  de  bonis  non  does  not  succeed 
to  any  special  trust  reposed  in  the  former  repre- 
icntaUve^  Such  administrator  derives  his 
tide  from  the  decedent,  and  uot  from  the  for- 
mer executor  or  administrator.^  His  liability 
it  tbereforc  restricted  to  the  goods  icmidniiiir 
nnadninistered.i 

AmiuiiirntATioN  durino  ahkkcb  of  the 
ueculor,  aod  until  hu  har  proven  the  will,  is 
generally  mated  whei<  the  next  of  kin  fixing 
nomintled  as  extcutor,  or  primarily  entitled  to 
the  administration)  is  beyond  the  sea,  out  of 
the  couBby  or  Suie,  lest  the  goods  perish  or  the 
a«bt»belo«t.  But  uppointQent  of  an  adminis- 
trsior  temporarily,  on  account  of  the  non-res!- 
dcnco  or  olh«r  cause,  that  the  primary  adminis- 
trati»B  euuMl  ocnveniently  Bdminister,  is  not 
allowaMet  Uicre  should  Im  «  general  and  m. 
•pensiU*  rtprakeataUvc  oTlke  estate  an>oii!t«d 


I  Bee,  Abr.  M»tmln-tp.  i  «  Rolle  Abr.  907  j  s«  MM. 


within  the  juris«llcll<Mi.  .Still  courts  of  probate 
appoint  admmislralors  and  Issue  letters  testa- 
menlarv  to  nonresidenU;  but  where,  for  any 
cause,  it  is  impurtant  to  institute  suits,  either  in 
law  or  ec^uity,  against  the  represenlalive  of  Jh* 
enlate,  it  is  essential  that  he  should  he  found  in 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  court. 

ADMINISTtATION      DURINO      MINORITY      is 

grimed  when  executor,  or  next  of  kin,  or  other 
party  entitled  to  administer,  it  a  minor.     In 
either  cose  the  court  is  compelled  to    select 
some  o«her  person,  either  trmporarilv  or  |ter. 
manenily.     Such  administrator  may  collect  as- 
sets, pay  debts,  sell  perishable  fwoperiy,  and 
perform  such  other  acts  as  require  immediate 
attention.     Such  administrator  has  all  the  au- 
thority, for  the  time  being,  of  *  general  admin- 
istrator.    He  must  manage  in  a  prudent  man- 
ner."    He  may  assent  to  a  legacy,  sue  snd  Iw 
sued"  for  debts  of  the  deceased,  and  may  retain 
for  hit  own  deN.»    As  the  office  expires  by  its 
own  limitation  upon  the  regular  representative 
coming  of  full  age.  it  is  generally  proper,  intuits 
tor  or  against  such  administrator,  to  allege  that 
the  regular  representative  it  under  age ;  and  so 
especially  where  tuch  odminiiCraior  is  plainiifT, 
Ihit  being  a  matter  specially  within  his  knowl- 
edge.P     He  must  render  his  account*  t,>  the 
probate  court  the  same  as  iny  other  adminis- 
trator.*   Where  there  ore  several  executors,  all 
under  age,  the  admi::tittration  during  minority 
wUI  cease  upon  any  one  coming  of  age.* 

FORUON  ADMINISTRATION  u  exercised  by 
Wrtue  of  authori^  properly  conferred  by  a  for- 
eign jurisdiction.     It  b  a  general  rule  that  let- 
tera  of  administratioi*  granted  abroad  give  no 
authority  to  sue  or  be  sued  in  another  jurisdic- 
tion (with  exception  above  noted), ihoigh  they 
may  he  ground   for  new  probate  aiuTioriiy.' 
Hence,  where  persons  are  domiciled  in  one 
•Hiuntry,  as  A.,  an''  h-.ve  pe>sonal  property  in 
another,  as  B.,the  authority  must  be  had  in  B., 
bat  exercised  according  to  the  laws  of  A.* 
There  is  no  legal  privity  between  administra- 
tors  in  diOerent  StaU^     The  principal  admin- 
istrator is  to  act  in  the  intestate'    lomicil,  and 
the  auxiliary  or  xncill<^iry  edmi^vistrator  is  to 
collert  claims  and  pay  debit  in  the  foreign  jna. 
isdiction,  and  |,ay>  over  die  su.'plus  to  his  prin- 
«'[>•'••    It  »«M  t>etin  heM  tkat  the  pi^Mte  of  a 
will  in  &  foreign  State,  If  duly  autkenticated, 
dispenses  witk  the  necessity  of  taking  out  new 
leiters,'  and  tkat  possession  cf  proprrty  may  brj 
taken  in  a  foreign  State,  but  that  suit  cannot  be 


c  7 '  '  , "  Jw    ■-*»»  m  —«  usimwlblt  fcrsaw4e- 


r^ilc*^^^ 


•  ««s. 


Afe?. 


i,I,TJ   iVbjs, 


-  sr;, — » —  -r^    <■»  Sid.  57  j  1  Cos.  ten 


'& 


Kx.  ^^»,  and  nola.  ■ 
laS;  iLd.  Raya.  409. 
--     r-TallarEx.  loi.m;  , 

**»f*L»^'"'**"i»'J   "Wheat.  189;  <~Ri^' 

so  Martin,  ajt ;   t  DaU.  js« ;   ,  Bln»r5i ;  »J  Ala 

•»;  vTes.ii:   «•  Mo.  «4:  %o  Mias.  i.y;  4  R«3 

ftadC  Burr,  ist,  149.    uw  Met.  (Maas.)  514 ;   3  A^ 
ttO.  iw:  6  Rut^^.  ii«:  ti  Coon,  nit  an  Pmb  8? 

W»:  a  Curt.  Ejd.  04* .  i  RUh.  ait.   VTttsA  4^7; 


i 


mpiju.t'aj^ilipip. 


IBTATM 


S-i 


hraoglil  witlMNit   taking    oat  Ifltltn  In  Ihni 

AOMINItTRA  riON  PKNDKNTK  LIT<t  i«Br«nlr(l 
panding  luigBlion,*  rr*(i«vting  an  ■llcutdwill  or 
right  of  anpointmenl.  An  uinc«r  tW  (he  ciiun  i« 
•ppoinletl  (o  Uke  r  ire  uf  ihc  etiBle  onijr  till  (he 
•ult  terminnte*.'  I  he  general  du(y  of  tuch  e'l- 
miniMnUor  to  to  represent  the  c-^4ale during  the 
pendency  of  the  litlgiitian,  end  m  (he  meantime 
lo  M«  that  no  detriment  comet  to  the  gou<i«  ur 
elTecte  of  the  etrtate.*  He  it  merely  an  agent  or 
officer  of  the  court,  and  when  the  litiiiaiicin  It 
determined  he  mutt  relinquith  hit  oltce,  and 
Mirrender  »ll  the  cttaie  in  hit  handt  lo  the  right- 
ful representative.*  Hit  authority  merely  ei- 
tendt  to  collecting  the  aaiclt  and  |^«ea«rvinu 
them,  and  not  to  invcMing  or  dittrlhutmg  them.* 
Ha  cannot  ute  the  money  of  the  ettate  or  invcM 
h,  and  la  not,  therefore,  liable  for  intercit  dur- 
ing the  ocMtroveiiv.*    And  for  all  the  purpoaet 

hia  adminiatrailon  he  may  maintain  tuitt. 

Pt;BLlc  AlMiNiiTBATiuN  it  performed  by  a 
pttbiic  adminitlrator,  by  virtue  of  a  ttatute,  in 
thoaa  catet  whara  a  ^non  diet  intettate,  Icav- 
iiw  any  who  are  cntnlad  to  ap)iijr  for  ietten  of 
adntintttraliati.* 

SraCIAL    OR    LIMITED    AlMINttTaATION    it 

liaUlad  either  in  dnration  or  extent,  time  or 
power.  Tlic  right  of  a  teatator  to  commit  dit- 
tlnct  portiont  of  the  tettlement  of  hit  ettate  lo 
diflarent  panona,  whether  in  the  tame  or  differ- 
ent oountriea,  it  not  recocnited  by  our  count,* 
though  It  iiaa  been  held  ifiat  a  general  grant  of 
admlniAration,  during  the  pendency  m  a  con- 
taM  for  proof  of  a  will,  it  a  nullity,'  and  admin- 
iatratioM  limilod  to  paitkular  enicta,  or  to  the 
perferMancc  of  a  tingle  act,  mntcd.a 

ACMIMISTKATION,   WITH   WlIX  AnNUKO, 

oocnia  ateliers'  i.  Where  no  eaeeutor  it  ap> 
pohMed  fay  the  will.'  t.  Where  an  eMCUtor 
pre^liMMia  the  tettatorJ  3.  MThen  for  any 
amt«  aa  enecutor  beconiet  incoaapataat  to  4k- 
chaige  the  offioe,  or  renoancet  it.  4.  Where, 
after  having  proven  the  wiU,  the  teatalor  diet 
before  completing  the  adminterMioo.  In  thia 
latter  daia  of  caiea  the  adminiatralor  ia  alio 
aiimiaittntordttmiuMm.  So,  alto,  where  the 
patton  named  exeailor  ia  limited  to  hit  afe  of 
BM^oritv,  eilber  bjr  the  tenna  of  the  will  or  the 
l««8  of  the  State,  a«d  haa  not  jM  arrived  at 
full  aM,  aoaae  om  mmt  aet  aa  admiaiatraiair 
with  the  will  aanased  in  the  meantime.  And 
there  are  other  oaaaa  where  a  vaeanejr  la  the 
oMce  of  nccuter  mejr  tvitt  ekher  tempMrnrlljF 
or  pennanently,  aa  where  the  penon  naaaad 
eaeeutor  ia  Mt  to  Mt  until  one  ^ear  after  the 

w-tAla.4a»t  ilMha.«af:  iSaaAUXtys-  «-t 
P.  Wan.  (hTsA  «■».  r-i  r.  WaM.  Ch.  ita:  a  A*. 
Ok  tWi  a  Cat.  itaq).  I«*.  ejl:  •  Haa.  Mei.jii;  tA 
K.  H.  U3:  aTea.  ij!  i<Oa.  ij.    ■TWjt.  B*    - 


i.atf,aadaMtt:«<:aMeli.s>*i  leOraakli 
S.j|a;  iiOMe,t}7i  taOa  w.  tylliH. 


ityi  t 


denth  of  the  leatatnr,  ete.  In  general,  the 
iluiid  nf  the  exvcuiur  wholly  devolve  un  tlic 
atlminittralur  wiih  the  will  aniivxed,  to  far  u* 
they  pertain  lo  the  tettlement  and  dntriliuiinii 
of  (he  etiA(e;  bu(  where  (iu<re  are  o^wial  (ru.u 
devolved  upon  (he  executor  beyond  ihit,  wnuli 
are  of  longer  duration  and  more  tirlctly  (tci 
tonal,  ihote  thould  bn  devolved  upon  a  truntve 
specially  -.^ipuintcd  for  that  iMr|Hi«e  oy  ili<< 
proper  ..uthority  of  court.  Such  adniini«trai»r 
mutt  follow  the  ttalute  rulet  of  diMribuuon 
except  when  otherwise  directed  bv  the  will. 

JURituicTiuN  over  adMiniairailont  it  vcnin 
in  courta  of  both  general  and  limited  juiuuln. 
tion.  The  otiicer  auihoritad  to  deleipOe  ths 
Iruti  it  called  judge  of  probate,  ordinary,  regis- 
trar of  willt,  turrogata,  etc.,  etc.*  In  tunte 
.Stalet  thet«>  count  are  of  tpecial  iuritdiciion,  at 
county  count,  probate  or  turrogaie  courtt,  etc., 
while  in  oihert  the  power  it  vetted  in  the  court* 
of  general  juritdiction,  at  the  circuit  and  %\t- 
lienor  court*.'  Thete  courtt  have  no  iuritdic- 
iion until  the  death  of  the  lettaior  w  intettaie 
hat  taken  place.  Thit  It  generally  brought  to 
their  r.tjtice  in  the  form  uf  an  affidavit.  A  de- 
cree of  the  court  la  //-lata  /<irt>  evidence  of 
tuch  death." 

The  penonal  property  of  a  decedent  after 
expentea  of  laat  aicknew,  allowance  to  widow 
and  minor  children,  etc.,  it  appropriated  to  the 
payment  of  hit  debli,  to  far  aa  required,  and, 
until  eabamlcd,  mutt  be  iirat  retorted  lo  by 
crcditora.  By  the  general  atatuMt  upon  the 
tubject  the  court  may  grant  the  admhiiiirator 
power  to  tell,  leaae,  or  moHgnge  land,  when 
the  pergonal  eataU  of  the  deceaaed  it  not  tuf 
fkicnt  to  par  hit  debt*.*  Purchaacn  at  tucli 
talc  get  at  fiill  title  at  if  Ihey  hod  iMon  diaUibu- 
tact;  but  no  warranty  can  be  implied  by  the 
adminlitrator't  tilence.*  But  a  fraudulent  tale 
will  be  annulled  Inr  the  court.' 

UMITATION  OP  AN  StTATB  ii 
the  circumtcription  of  the  atuuitily  of  time 
tompriaed  in  an  etute.4  The  deiaition  or 
drcumteription  ia  any  oonveyanee  of  the  inter- 
cut which  the  graatee  it  intended  to  lake.'  It 
ia  ttted  ia  diAtrent  aenaet. 

Lmi.    SeeRBAi,.EfrATi{  BotmoAaia. 

M BROBII.  Wbenia  greater  ettate  and  t 
lata  aaeet  ia  one  aad  the  aaaM  penoa  without 
any  interaniNata  aetale,  the  leaa  ia  hnmediataly 
meiged,  that  ia,  riaoibed  ia  the  latter.  For 
example,  if  there  he  a  tenant  for  yaaia,  aM  the 
revetaioa  ia  fee  ilm]s)e  detcenda  to  or  fo  pur- 
chaaed  hjphim,  the  term  ef  yean  la  tnaiigcd 
into  the  inherilaace,  and  no  longer  exiatai  but 


Imdr.  iurr.wa:  lee  ride  Aaiara,  aaai.    ^fi\^ 
•«.  n-  r-bMNM'f Vila, t*t4  «•>»# «if • 


nr,  fte.  In  (tncml,  t)<« 
or  wholljr  (i«vulv«  un  ilio 
h«  will  annciixl,  *o  far  m 
tcdlcnwnt  awl  tlxirilHilU'ii 
ier«  (litfre  are  iipat;ial  tru^u 
««ru(ur  beyond  ihU,  whu  li 
K>n  and  more  tirlctly  per 
M  d«vuiv«ti  HiMNi  a  iru»(i'« 

for  that  pur^HjM  bjr  lh« 
uurt.  Suck  adniinlatrai<<r 
luta  rule*  ul  diMribuiinii 
iM  dinrvlcd  bv  lh«  will. 
It  adattiiiMralifMi*  k«  vcnin 
KMral  and  limtltd  juiwdic- 
lUihoriMKl  lo  d«l«gaW  lli« 
of  prubale,  ordinary,  nni%- 
lain,  etc.,  Mc*  In  toiiie 
re  of  spacial  iurlidicllan,  «• 
l«  or  (urroipUa  couru,  «tc., 
uwcr  it  ««al«d  in  iIm  count 
on,  at  the  circuit  and  >u- 
M  Gwirta  have  no  iuriMlic- 
of  the  iMtaior  or  Mtetute 
'hi*  it  generally  brought  In 
irm  of  an  affidavit.    A  de- 

frimm  fatu  evidence  of 

ipeitjr  of  a  decedent  after 
lineM,  allowance  to  widow 
etc.,  ia  appropriated  to  the 
ti,  to  far  aa  rcqaired,  and, 
St  be  firat  reaorted  lo  by 
general  atat«te«  upon  the 
«]r  gram  iIm  adotmiitraicr 
,  or  mortfage  land,  when 
of  the  decMied  i*  not  auf 
itata.*  PurcKaaer*  at  fcncli 
It  if  they  ImmI  Iwen  diatribu- 
ity  can  be  implied  bjr  th« 
ce.*  Bm  a  fnradulent  tale 
ihe  court.' 
OP  AN  BSTATB  ii 
of  the  anontity  of  time 
iatate.«  Tne  detnition  or 
ny  conveyance  of  the  Inter- 
w  ia  intended  lo  lake.'    It 


^Eitatb;  BoiniDAaHn. 
IwRia  greater  eitaie  and  a 
id  tiM  oaaM  neiHHi  without 
MM,  Um  kM  la  tmoBodiMely 
loHMd  in  tiM  laMtr.  For 
aloMM  ibr  jwon,  aM  the 
1^  deacenda  to  or  la  piir- 

,  and  no  loiter  t»M$i  mi 
y.    l-SM«IUMCdMi.4M;  9 

L  rfi  9»la.47(i<    ■O'AmAinm 
I  thefarty  eliaijlai  to  alia  wiiai , 
ihs   ittfttB.aW.   Ovwfriinc 
iT  K«.|4ti   I  JafOkWHIr* 
Surr.  lab  iH.OMi  a  M  »,. 

Ij^i^-^aif  Slv 
to,  4*  M  (•>(«' «V- 


liTATlS. 


ffcet  Mvat  be  one  and  Ihe  tame  penmn,  at  one 
and  the  aame  lime,  in  one  und  ihe  name  lighl  • 
The  etlale  in  which  ihe  mergtr  Ukea  place  it 
not  enlarged  by  ih«  acceuion  of  the  jwecciling 
ettatei  and  ihe  greater .»  only  uiUi»i»iig  ci»ie 
conlinuet  after  th«  nterger  precitrly  of  Ihe  tame 
ouaniiiy  and  etient  of  owncrthlp  aa  ii  wai  be- 
fore  the  accetaioa  of  the  ei4ate  which  It  merged, 
and  the  letMir  e«uie  U  atiinguithed.*    A»  a 
tneral  rule  equal  etialea  will  not  merge  in 
each  other  I  Ihe  merger  it  produced  rither  from 
Ihe  MMMinr  of  an  e.tate  of  higher  with  an 
etlale  of  inferior  degree,  or  from  the  meeting 
of  the  particular  a«tate  and  ihe  Immediate  re- 
veraian  in  Ihe  lome  peratm.* 
■■VBRANCE  it  iTie  deatruction  ol  any 
n  J.."""*"  "'  '  i"'"'   lenancy.     Il   U  to 
called  becauae  the  etlale  it  n<.  lunger  a  Joint 
tenancy,  but  b  tevcred.   Severance  it  effected  i 
I.  By  alienation  of  one  of  Ihe  joint  lenantt, 
which  choagea  the  eai«.ce  into  a  tenancy  in 
common,     a   By  parlilion.    3.  By  purchase  or 
dctcent  of  all  the  thorea  of  the  Joint  lenanU  to 
thai  the  whole  etlale  becomet  vetted  in  one 
onlv.» 

tURRKNDER  U  th«  yielding  .p  of  an 
••Ute  (or  life  or  years  lo  him  wholtat  an  Im- 
mediole  estate  in  revertion  or  iwiainder  by 
which  a  letter  etiale  it  merged  in  the  greater 
Ipr  Mutual  ofrrwmeni.*  It  ia  (l,c  deed  l>y  whiek 
the  Mirrander  ia  nuule.  A  lurrender  it  of  a 
nottM*  directly  oppoaite  to  a  releote  j  for  aa  the 
latter  operate*  Ity  the  greater  estate  detcending 
npon  the  leaa,  the  furmer  ia  the  falling  of  a  Icie 
•i««  Into  a  greater  by  d^d.  A  turrcnder 
immediately  diveata  Iheeatale  of  theaurrenderer 
and  voala  tt  In  the  aiimnderce,  even  wiihoat 
theoMewt  of  tk*  laltor.*  The  technical  and 
l*°f^  Tj  ^^  ooBvejwuwe  are  "  lurrender 
tnrf  vield  up] "  b«  any  fom  of  words  b,  which 
^^^^  •^  •*•  V^'»  *•  wftciemly  aiani. 
foMod  wUl  operate  oa  a  Mnwidcr.'  The  tor- 
render  ouy  be  expreea  or  implied ;  the  latter  is 
whan  Ike  eatate  incompatible  with  the  eolsiina 
•rtot.  ta  MO^tfMi  or  the  lotaee  tak«  a  n^ 
Imm  vt  tka  umm  lands.' 
_^»WiJ^*«  ItaOtoUon  of  an  estate t  as  a 

IIm  word 
itim«^ad> 

«*k!fc  pMMi  by  ikM  laoaat  «»d  ibwvfora  ib« 
term  my  «min  durlM  tk«  coMkiaasce  of  Ikt 
WW »  as,  bf  iurrmder,  CpiMiura,  nd  tho 

TITLE  It  rtwBteani  wkmby  tht  owner  oT 
»,S^  W*  j«w  paaseaataT  of  Ihe  mhw. 
If  liMltf  wiivqn  no  nopwtjr.  If  doutaAU, 
the  coiut  wiU  not  consMcr  il  ^  eiMvch  u! 
5!I2!?  •*  ••*n!«wc«  W  •  pwehaserTiMrso 
d^BCtivt  as  lo  declare  ft  a  bod  title,  but  only 
-  -  -, Csmet.  m:  Latah.  t»,  rbph.  tM;  AMadd. 


4U 


•  "*"  "  "•  iMDnaiion  01  an  cslat 
t«rm  for  won,  for  Ufa,  orike  lU  e.  Th 
"l<jw  "  dMo  Ml  Mm, iignliy  ike  tfam 
fitd  to  tk«  1-Ma,bui  ih.eit«.,'.boifc.  i 
wkkk  DMMi  by  tkM  loasot  and  ihofwl 


luhjecl  lo  to  much  doubt  Ihal  a  purchaaer 
ou|{hi  mil  In  be  compelled  lo  accept  il.»  If  || 
U  markctabic  a  court  of  equity  conaidert  it  to 
clear  Ihat  II  will  enforce  iu  acceiMance  bv  the 
purchaser.*  ' 

lliere  are  tcveral  tiaget  or  degree:*  requUite 
lo  form  a  complete  title  to  landt.  Th»  lowest 
sn,'  moM  imperfect  degree  of  tiiU  In  the  mtrt 
feutttttm,  or  actual  •Kcu|ialion  of  Ihe  etlale 
wilhout  any  apiwrent  righi  to  hold  or  continue 
tuch  poaaetaion.  Thia  ha,.t'«"«  when  one  mnn 
clitpotaeaaaa  aniHher.  The  next  ttep  10  a  eood 
and  perfect  liile  ia  Ihe  rig/ki  0/ »„,uui,m  which 
may  reside  In  one  man  while  Ihe  actual  ptwaea. 
tion  ia  not  in  himself  but  in  another:  thia  right 
of  noaaoaaion  ia  of  two  kinds,  i.  An  apparent 
right  of  poisession,  which  may  be  defeated  by 
J-roving  a  better;  ami  a.  The  actual  right  of 
po..«ssion,  which  will  Hand  Ihe  leet  agaititt  all 
occupanlt. 

Title  to  resi  property  is  acquired  by  either 
descent  or  purchsae.  Tiile  lo  personal  prop- 
erty  Is  acquired:  1.  By  original  acquisition, 
creation,  or  occupancy,  such  as  intellectual 
labor,  copyright,  and  patent  property,  a.  By 
transfer  by  ad  of  the  parties,  such  as  by  gift, 
l^r  contract  or  by  salcj  and  by  transfer  by 
oj^ieralion  of  the  law,  as  by  forfeiture,  succes- 
ston,  marriage,  judgment,  bankruptcy,  insolv- 
ency.  Intestacy. 

In  general,  possession  conslilote*  the  title  te 
personal jTOueny,  because  no  other  meant  esiat 
by  which  a  knowledge  of  the  fact  to  whom  it 
bclongt  can  be  obtained.  A  teller  of  a  chattel 
it  not,  therefore,  re<|uircd  to  thow  the  origin 
of  his  title ;  nor,  in  genrmi,  it  a  purchaser  with- 
out notice  of  Ihe  claim  of  ih«  owner,  compellable 
to  iMke  mtiluiion ;  but  a  purchaser  from  a  ten. 
ant  fer  life  of  personal  chattels  will  not  besecsit 
ogatoot  the  ciain*  of  those  eniitled  in  remain- 
der.* Exceptions  to  the  rule  that  possession  is 
the  criterkm  of  title  of  ;>rop«rty  arc  chattels 
mortgaged,  when  such  mortgage  is  required  by 
law  lo  bo  recorded  in  a  |Hiblic  oiRcej  bills  of 
Mie.mder  Ike  same  requimnenu,  and  skipa. 
Ike  title  of  wkkk  can  bo  asoerlaincd  by  the 
re|<st«r.*  ' 

To  oonvqr  title,  tke  eeller  nraot  kknself  kave 
a  lilte  to  tke  c^opeitv  which  is  ike  subiect  of 
tkeltmofer.  Ant  lo  Ais  geneiml  wle  tfcere  are 
MeeptiMia.  Tke  towhl  eeln  and  ctmency  of 
Ike  United  SuUet  will  past  tke  properly  along 
II^^^rT^;  A  negotiable  lartfnment, 
L"^?!^  .*"  '*»•'•  ••  •™«'fe«W«  by  any  person 
l»^«»f  it,  ao  oa  fay  iM  deliveiy  to  give^ood 
"_'°_"?  P*"^  kone«lyaeqttktog  U.«r 


BVfMENm 


■VIDKWt'S.  Am  AvnB^vmi  Hsmm,  llvfm, 
ikxe  kill-     EtjuiTir;  U»  .   f  MtTK  «. 

EyitlKNCI  U  ih«  whkh  Icndi  lo  pro»«  or 
<)i«(irov«  Mjr  nuiacr  In  qu««4lon,  or  Iti  InHuencc 
th*  belter  r«p«Uutf  H  B«lt«/  b  |)r«liic«a  by 
th«  conaldcrkiKKi  of  t<  icllnng  pr«MNl*4  lo  ihn 
mind.  Th«  m«U«r  Ih  •  i>r<M«n««a,  In  wh«Uv«r 
»h«p«  ll  may  com*  ditilOirtHlffh  »hftt«vcr  male- 
rial  or|M  It  it  d«riv»d,  U  »vld«nc«.»  TIm  word 
#vU«n«a  In  Ua*)  acceptation  inclwiiM  all  tba 
m«MM  by  which  any  allcK«d  mailer  oT  fail,  lh« 
truth  if  which  i»  tubml'ed  lo  tnveMtgatiun.  it 
etlabliah^  or  dlaproveil  ThM  which  U  legally 
t«b«iilt«d  lo  a  jury,  lo  cnabU  them  to  dcciik 
Kpon  OMttiont  In  ditpule,  or  ittuea,  aa  t)<>inted 
OHI  by  lb«  piMdIngt.  and  dUlingnUhcd  fnim  all 
CMaimnl  and  argumcni.U  termed  evidenw-  • 

Evidence  may  b«  ';oniiidcred  with  reference 
h)  to  iMlraments,  the  mode  of  iu  inlrodaciion, 
lit  iMturt,  and  iu  obieci. 

Tlra  faMtramcnit  of  mvUUnf  and  moi» 
of  llMlr  iairoductlon  or*  m  foUowo  i 

I.  Judicial  hotici  ok  nmcoomnoit.  Thi» 
nwdt  no  proof  |  It  to  already  known  and  recog- 
niud  by  tM  co«rt. 

a.  Laws.  Law*  u*  lalrodiioed  and  praven 
by  printed  ttalutfl  booki,  or  cople*  from  the 
original  roUt,  duly  exempiifted. 

3.  Pbmonal  imrKTioN. 

4.  Public  Docvuaimi  priatod  by  authority 
•f  Coogm*  or  th«  legldature.  Tkeec  are  in- 
trodvcedand  proven  by  Minted  or  wrtften  cupiet 
Iron  the  origtml  rtcordt,  duly  namplUKcd. 

5.  Puaur  vkooRM  amo  copim  THiaBOf , 
contialing  of  regiatar*  of  ofBcial  iranMcUon* 
mad«  by  officen  elected  or  appointwl  for  that 
parpOMi.  Theae  are  introdaced  and  provaa  by 
priatad  copiat  or  bv  copiaa  from  the  ortginal 
racorda,  daly  axampliAad. 

6.  RnxHtoa  and  TftAMCftim  of  proceed- 
ing* In  foreign  »"d  domaetic  couru.  Thete 
ara  intiodaead  anu  pro«an  by  copie*  aad  Uan- 
acripto,  duly  antbenticatad  or  axampUAad. 

7.  Privat*  WMTtNOa,  aa  daada,  contrmcu, 
wilte,  ale.  Thaaa  ara  bitrudacad  and  proven 
t^  Iha  iattmmaito  thamaelvaa,  or  oopia*  daly 
avidancod. 

S.  TaANSLATlONt.  Thaaa  matt  be  oonrecUy 
made  fntn  tbc  origiaal  wfUiag  to  be  introduced 
In  cvidanca. 

TUTIMONV  or  wiTNnm  i*  introduced  by 
affidavit,  dapoailion,  aod  oral  aumiaation. 

TlM  Mtura  or  tefal  elMiMtwr  of  avU 
dancateMfBllowat  ^„  ^ 

I  C7::«;LVSIVB— being  Mich  at  aatabliibas 
the  fact,  aod  that  aatiafk*  tha  court  and  iary  1 
tliat  which  cannot  becoatnUad  oroontfadKMd 
by  any  othar  evidmca. 

•.Pref.  Parker Uei.  Med.  Imt.  J^\Om»A.ti».*. 


Id.  314 


r-j  »sav.  Intl.  «. 


»;   .  Wheat,  aw. 


ti 


>it 


9  AIM" 


a.  faiMA  rACit— being  tuActent.  In  fhaab- 
tenee  of  evidence  to  iha  <;onlrary,  to  eataiillah  a 
fact* 

J.  PtlMARV— being  Iha  origin^,  ika  flnt.  Ih« 
Imm,  and  highrti  degicr  of  evidence  of  which 
Ih*  caM,  in  ill  naiare.  la  ttuceptibla.* 

4.  8ai  oMDAR  V  .-being  tiich  aa  it  admiMtiiln 
when  original  or  primary  evidence  it  loet  or  df 
•irovtd,  and  which,  In  tach  an  event,  becooun 
the  bett  •■''idence.' 

Hte  CorV »  DiClAtATIOl*  1  HKAEtAV,  below. 

Tha  oMact  of  evidanoa  la  to  aacartaln 
Um  tnith  balwaan  Iha  paniaa. 

It  haa  beea  ditaoverad  by  eapcrienca  that 
Ihli  it  done  moat  certainly  by  tha  adoption  of 
the  following  rule*  ■ 

I.  The  evldeaea  maat  ba  coaftncl  to  tbc 
point  la  imnc. 

5.  Thaaubttaneaof  ibelMuemotttjepriii^t  • 
but  only  tha  •ubatanca  it  reiiuired  to  be  |iroved. 

3.  Tha  affirmative  of  Ue  itatw  maal  ba 
pruived. 

Saa  Pioor,  arc.,  below. 

AocouMni  Account*  Statidi  ea*  UUa 
AocouNTi,  ante. 

Acn  I  aaa  lltia  Am,  aata. 

ADMIMIONt  (coneetakma  ar  vokntary 
acknowladgmenu  mad«  by  a  party,  ti*  ex- 
iiienca  or  truth  of  eefiain  facta).  At  dittia- 
gulthcd  from  confaationa,  the  term  ia  aoptied 
to  civil  trantaction*,  aad  to  manrr*  of  fact  In 
crhninal  caae*  where  there  i*  no  criminal  latent. 
Sea  poet,  "  CoNrtaaiONs."  Aa  diatingalihad 
from  eoiMont,  aa  admimion  may  ba  Mid  to  ba 
avidanca  furaiahed  by  tha  party'*  own  Mt  of  hi* 
content  at  a  ftrevioui  pariod. 

Direct  or  aapreaa  admimbm*  ara  Ihoaa  which 
are  mada  ia  direct  term*.  Impilad  admiaaioa* 
ara  thoae  which  reault  from  aomr  act, or  feilura 
lo  act,  of  a  party.  Incidental  admiaaiona  ara 
Ihoaa  Rsada  la  aoaM  othar  connection,  or  hi- 
volved  in  tha  admlaakm  cf  tome  •  "^er  fact. 

Admiaaiona  may  ba  mada  bv  m  {wrty  to  tha 
racofd,  or  fajr  oaa  IdaatifMi  in  intaraat  with 
him.t  Not,  howavar.whata  tha  party  of  rtcoad 
it  merely  a  tMNaiaal  party,  and  haa  no  aatlva  ta- 
teres!  In  tha  aidt.*  Thay  may  be  mada  by  oaa 
f  teveral  hatriag  a  joint  iateratt,  *o  a*  to  ba 
bindinf  npooi  alD  ifaio  community  of  intar- 
ett.  at  in  tha  caae  of  oo-«xacator;  tnntoaa.*  or 
co-tani  «,'  ia  not  tailciant.  Th«  iale<«al  hi 
all  caM»»  matt  have  (ubaiitad  at  tha  tima  of 
making  the  admimioM.'* 

Thay  may 'be  mada  by  any  person  interaated 
in  tha  Mil^  natttr  of  iho  wit,  though  the 
tait  ba  proaacatad  ia  tha  aama  of  mioihar  par- 
ton  a*  etHm  frt  trm$t,*  or  UidoaiBlfying  ctadi- 
torlaaaacdoaagaiaitthaoAeer.*  Thaymay 
be  mada  by  a  third  patwm,  a  atranger  lo  tha 
•ait,  whera  tha  iiaaa  is  aafaslantlally  upon  tha 

ft;   4 Cow. 


8«;.i.'».«irli.*t:TCim5.»H:  «4j<*S"1 
slah«.4iii  t$.%lt.  s^:9ld.4Tj  mRJ:!:.  ' 


n 


k'u; 


Ming  tttffldMil,  in  Hm  A 
Im  conlrwy,  lo  cM«MI»h  • 

I  iIm  orlgliiAl,  ilM  Ant.  ih« 
r««  of  avIdMic*  of  wMvh 
,  to  »Mc«|Mtbta.* 

iln(  luch  U  U  •dfttiMUile 
•ry  •vultnc*  ii  loM  or  it 

II  Mwk  Mt  tvani,  iMComa* 

ATION  ■  HbAKSAV,  below. 

'idcnc*  i«  to  ««c«naln 
h»  p«ni««. 

tr«d  by  •xpcrWnia  iluu 
•inljr  bjr  tlM  aaoiMioii  of 

MMt  b«  conAnc'!  (o  Um 

'  tk«  tMii«  matt  ii«  p»i>i^  ; 

I  it  reauind  lo  b«  {ircwad. 

of   Uf   Ihv*  mwit    ba 


winw. 

UNTl  STATBD)    aM    lllk 

IconccMiora  or  vntuntMy 
<)«  bjf  •  p«rty.  1*'^  e«- 
■ruln  facU).  At  diMin- 
ikMM.  th«  ttna  M  miitd 
Md  to  maitrn  of  (act  In 
there  U  no  cnmimtl  Inttnt. 
roNs."  A»  dtMingMi»kcd 
ilMion  may  be  wtlu  lo  b« 
r  lb*  |>wtx'«  own  act  ol  bU 
period. 

dMlMioM  m  dtOM  wbieh 
mm.  lapliad  adaaiMionii 
t  ffmn  aomr  ad,  or  (idlura 
ncidmud  admMont  ara 
odMr  coanactkm,  or  in- 
on  of  wnM  I  K«r  met. 
I  Mad*  bv  •  party  to  tbe 
iMtiftad  in  intervK  with 
,  wbon  th«  party  of  rtoord 
■rt]r,aadbaa  noaelivolii- 
rhoy  nay  bo  mado  I7  om 
lolnt  lotereM,  to  as  to  bt 
itra  community  ofintcr. 
oe-«ste«ior^  trtMMaat,"  or 
rfMmt.  Th«  iate^aii  in 
aubalMod  «  tfe*  Unm  of 
ia,» 

I  by  any  penon  interaatcd 
r  of  Om  Mit,  tbougb  ti>« 
tbo  nMM  of  HMlbir  pw- 
/,•  or  todMBOlfyiim  ««di> 
MthoofllMr.*  Thaymay 
Mnon,  A  •trwiger  to  tbt 
k  aafaatABlfadly  npoo  tbt 

i.1  OimmI.  M*.m:  *  Cow. 
jKm.  mi.    1-4  Caw.  ^)!  t| 


rkM.Mi 
sM.tmit 


IViniNCK. 


H^  of  racli  a  r*nnn.  at  a  particular  ilm»."  or 
mh.)  haa  bc«n  «ii|,r«Ml*  rf««rr««l  to  f.jr  Infcwma- 
tiamf  m  wh«r«  lli«r«  b  a  prWily  bMwMn  ih« 
4nc«M»«  aad  hK.lr,»  an  awlgnor  or  aMl(n««,i  In- 
<«liM«  ami  adminidriuoro  Thar  m*i  iw  mad* 
hy  an  aganl  10  at  (o  bind  hU  prlncliMJ  i«  m  far 
only  hM«r««*i.  at  itia  >«•»(  hat  auiWliy,'  and 
nirt  in  ragard  to  (wat  ir«nta<tlont.»  Thut.  Iha 
admlMion*  of  iha  wira  Und  iha  huiUnd  to  far 
only  ta  .ha  Km  auih<irfly  In  iht  mattar.t  and,  to 
Iha  lormaJ  Mlinitil<i»M  of  tn  attumay  bind  hia 
cllam.' 

Impliff  *dmittl<HM  may  raanli  fr,jm  *Mummi 

*^^'^*'''  ''"*"  *"•••*"»«:'.*  '"•"»  ai.|uie»«artc« 
whii  h  b  potlilvc  »„  iia  „,iu„ ;.  ff,^  poaaattlon 
o(  documantt  In  Mima  cata*  * 

fn  civil  malian,  <  miiraim  will  not  iivold  ad 
mitaioni  if  impotiuon  or  fraud  wara  not  mad* 
uw  of. 

AdmlMifMM  mada  in  treating  fior  an  adjuM 
"lant  eanno«  ba  given  In  evidence  wbara  n  »da 
wrwlar  hkh  of  a  pandinn  •'atiy  • 

Judlcl-I  admiwlont,'  and  thote  which  have 
haaa  acu  I  on  by  <>then,r  and  in  d««dt,  at  ha- 
ttraan  paniat  and  lisair  prtviet,*  ««•  concluttva 
tvldanc*  againat  the  partita  making  them. 

It  fr#quantly  occurt  in  pracllce,  that,  in  oHer 

to  tare  ctpaniaa  aa  to  mere  f(w.,.»l  prw.ii<.  the 

itorneyt  cm  each  tide  content  lo  admit,  ,   cip- 

oally,  otrtAin  facta  in  th«  cauMe  without  cafi. 
iiig  fer  proof  of  them.  Theta  are  uaoali*  ns 
duead  to  wrii,„g.  a«d  the  attomeya  thortlyadd 
to  tbit  ellact,  namely  i  "  We  «f  re«  that  the 
above  facta  thall,  00  the  trial  of  ,^„,  cat**, 
J»  admitted,  and  taiien  »«  poved  on  aath 
.Wet"  and  tign.g  two  .piet  now  called 
^adralaaiom"  Tn   lU   otinai   wb  attomay 

I  jt!7L°^^-   .^  '*''•  ArfiDAtrts,  anla.  and 
Loirr  Papirs.  below. 

AFriRk* ATION.  An  affirmation  ia  a 
tolamn  nii^.^m  atatveration  in  the  nattii*  of  an 

Quakert,  aa  a  daat,  and  otbar  paraona  wbo 
have  contdantioua  tcruplw  againtt  Utiing  an 
oath,  are  allowed  to  make  airmation  in  any 
mod*  whkb  (hey  may  declare  to  be  aindiiiK 
upon  th«-r  coi,.cience,  in  confirmation  rf  the 
owtb  of  .M.  teai.ir,.my  which  they  nn  about  to 
glTe.«    S«e  Oath,  below, 

ALIBI.  When  a  parMn  charged  with  a 
Clime  provai  thM  h«  waa  at  the  time  allegMl  in 
a  diibrant  piaea  fj-om  that  in  which  it  waa  com- 
mKted  he  .haa  provaa  an  nAii  (eW ^  hare),  ibo 
affect  of  which  ia  to  my  •  fonndauon  for  the 


4Jf 


MOraeni 


'^«nr  Aril 


«t-r  mat^.  tm ; 


navmaarr  Infcreiwja  thai  ha  r..  ild  not  have  conk 
mitted  11  «  Thia  {>rw»f  ii  UMially  made  out  by 
the  letiimony  of  wtinea***,  Irat  may  ba  ni«ile  Ity 
w«1tin»«  nr<i|wrly  aathentlt «lc«i 

ALIUNDB  ia  f(i,«n  another  place,  onltido 
or  without  the  will,  Judgment,  etc.,  evidenc* 
thmmdf  may  he  rr .  alved  to  eapUln  an  ambi- 
guiiy  In  a  will,'  but  ne^•r  lo  tni|MMich  j  judg- 
meni,  for  a  judgmcfit  <>liiaina<l  it  valid  againtt 
the  w.irld,  uiiIcm,  of  <our«a,  it  ba  rraudulant, 
Invalul,  n.m  exUtent,  i.r  latlaAed. 

BBLI KP  may  he  ttmngt-r  or  weaker  «<«-imV 
ing  t„  the  weight  or  evidence  adduced  In  favor 
of  the  propoaltlon  under  conaideralUm  '  The 
conviction  of  the  mind  «<itea,  mil  fr«im  a<iual 
|ierce|4ion  or  knowledge,  bui  by  way  of  Infer- 
ence, or  from  evidence  received  or  inlormadoA 
derived  from  olhen. 

BB8T  KVIDBNCB  it  «.«  the  AM^i/or 
<Oa>*ff,t  rvideoce  piiaaihia,  but  the  batt  cvi. 
deuce  which  the  nature  of  the  thing  to  ba 
proved  admitt  1  for  etamnle,  a  cony  of  a  dead 
it  iMK  the  batt  evidence,  (he  deed  n  better.t 

Bill  o»  LAiiiita.  Sa«  tula  Uomm,  Notb. 
ANi>  Hi..L«,  <i>ite. 

BLANKS.  When  a  blank  to  left  In  a 
written  agreement  which  need  not  have  been 
redaced  to  writing,  and  would  have  been 
equally  binding,  whether  written  or  unwritten 
it  ia  preaumed  in  an  action  for  the  mm  perform' 
ance  of  the  contract,  parol  evideiue  may  b« 
a<lrait:ed  to  explain  the  blank.  And  where  a 
written  inatrument  baa  been  made  pn)re«i#dly 
10  record  a  fact,  it  producml  at  evid<  re  li 
M*'/***  which  it  purports  to  record,  .tnd  a 
oltnh  appean  In  a  material  nsrt,  the  omitaioit 
may  tie  tupplied  by  other  of.»  Hence  a 
blank  leil  in  an  award  m:*)  miipliedi  But 
where  a  creditor  tigna  a  deed  of  compoaition 
[we  the  amount  of  hit  debt  in  blank,  he  binda 
hlnuelf  to  all  eiltiing  d«t,t  J 

B«wi)a,  NoTM,  \m>  Bilu.  See  that  title, 
ante.  ' 

BURDBN   or  P1IOOP.    The  baiden 

of  proof  I*  the  .luty  of  proving  the  facta  In  die- 
pate  00  an  Ittue  raited  between  the  parilM  in 
a  canae. 

Atrdm  0/fr»9j  It  to  be  dittingolihed  from 
0rim»  faitt  evidence  and  «riW<f  faei*  cate. 
Generally,  when  the  lalier  tt  thor-n,  the  duty 
impoted  upon  the  party  having  the  burden  will 
br  latitfied;  >>tti  it  it  not  necetaarily  so.* 

The  I,  !en  of  pr,M,f  lie<  upon  him  wh* 
tttbttantialiy  att«rt»  tbe  aiini.     'aoflheitraei 

a^atpt)  ioC;  t  Pith.  t«B!  4  Id.  1M-  iiGa  «^  w. 
Pick.  .gj.    jr.j  Kob.    U.) .« , :  f,  torn,    , .,    n  Jur ' 

v-oyp  W.  i*-4     I  U«ct.   0  Cat  U;  i  Rv  t  M   r? 


;»i"'*ij"  '  'iri^'T'  ■  *"■    ••»  u«ii   . ^ 

i  M?,  W^J°.'    *  f*^»*    •>*'* ;  ••  M«.  4fc :  » .  Ah.  aS; 


■  4(5««B1"W«»««W»»» 


wp 


BV1DINC1. 


baf  wJMr*  iIm  pidnilff  grmtntft  M*  CMC  on 

In  (.•tmliMU  ciMM,  on  •  iwuiaUi  gnHtn<i  lluil 
•  pniMCuliiir  irtiMt  pr<>*«  ••«rr  '•<>  nm^mtmif  *•> 
«ab*lAiill«i«  kw  ■  harif*  agpiiiMl  ■  |irtni«i«r,  aiMl 
ih«l  (M  U«  will  fHraaina  inrMxnt*  tn  Ik*  ab- 
MMca  itl  convlnring  •vulnMt:*  to  lh«  contrary, 
t(M  Imrtlwn  ri/pfuii/,  unl«M  tfctn«<l  Ity  If^  ^t»(lv« 
tMiarfaranca,  will  UII,  in  ■  timlnal  pnicts  tingt, 
«n  Iha  DTOMCuiing  iMirl)r,  Ihottgli  In  ordrr  Iti 
(iHivicl  n«  miMi  iM«mMrilf  Kava  racui  >•«  lu 
■cgaiiira  atrtd«Mc«.*  'Ik*  bnnkii  of  |w«Mif  U 
lkruugk<»«<  UN  ik«  Slat*  tu  make  <miI  ika  whola 
caaai  and  wh-n  «  pttm*  fati*  caaa  I*  aitoh- 
lUkad.  lh«  turban  of  {imftif  k*  n«ii  tkamby 
thIAta  ap<Hi  lk«  ,>l«ndanl,  a«d  ka  U  niit  l«Min<l 
la  raMora  hi«i»  to  Ikai  prmumfrtiMt  ni  lnn<' 
cancc  In  which,  it  waa  at  is  •otwnan<«mK  * 
0(  IM  Iriai  * 

In  gaaaral,  wlM>n«v«r  iIm  law  pwiwiMa  iIm 
•IRrmailva,  It  Uaa  oa  tka  f^tKj  wbo  4anl«a  tlia 
(ad  to  prove  tha  nagaiWa  \  a*  wkan  tka  law 
ralaaa  a  i>r«<Hiin|iiton  a*  to  iIm  coallnuaiica  of 
Ufa,  tka  ieglKOMkcf  of  ekil<lra«  l."rn  In  W'^UIock. 
or  tka  •aiiiUt.iiun  of  a  ilatil. 

8««  ('mtMir  nr  Iimui,  bakNr. 

CHARACTBR  (ooiniiMi  ganarally  anlaf- 
tainad  ol  a  paraon  <iariv»<i  hv>m  the  cooiaMMi 
rafwrt  of  tka  p««fi«  who  arc  a<  4|iiaintad  with 
him).'  Tha  MMral  characiar  of  a  paraun  in 
•ociaty  may  ba  uaad  i«  proof  l<<for«  a  jury  in 
thraa  claaaaa  of  eaM«i  i.  To  >  <  >  praaump 
liwi  IW  •  parttaiUaf  party  ha*  '  "e«n  gwiliy 
of  a  cHaniMtl  aat.     a.  To  aM«"  t  liic 


in  {MwtUttlar  caaaa,  wkara  lh«i  .Huunl  danaacbi 
on  tha  charactar  and  condu<  >  '  >iny  indivMua). 
J.  To  knpaack  or  c«iArm  Uta  vMaclqr  «f  « 
wilnaaa. 

Oy  PmiTIH.  Wbara  thaftttMofanacemad 
{Mfty  It  doaUAil,  aikI  iba  ckarsctar  of  tka  aap- 
poaad  agant  ia  Involvad  in  qMation,  •  paaauaq*- 
tion  of  innocanca  ariaat  frtm  hit  (urmar  conduct 
in  aocialy,  at  avidancad  by  hb  ganarml  charac- 
tar ;  ainca  it  la  not  paohabto  IMl «  funm  vX 
known  prabily  and  bwMWiity  wa«14  ooMMilt  • 
dithoMtl  or  ontntgMM  Mt  i«  tha  particalar 
inatanca.  Ihil  wbafa  l(  ia  a  quaatton  of  grant 
and  atroekMM  crimiaalfey,  the  comndMloii  of 
tha  act  la  ao  uiMisiial,  la  otU  of  tha  okIIiimt 
mwM  of  lUngp,  mmI  bajriMd  cohmioii  ajqaarf- 
anca— i)  i«  m  aiaailiMl  that  Ik*  oCmca,  If  oar- 
prairaiad,  otrnt  bava  baaa  laMaaiMad  hf  ■ollvai 
not  (raoMntly  opanMing  on  tba  htwan  mind — 
that  avuUneo  of  charactar,  and  of  a  man'a 
hahittul  oondtiGt  under  common  drcHmMancaa, 
U  mwl  ha  conaidarad  far  InfcHor  fa»  wbat  it  b 
In  accyaationa  of  >  towar  grade.  Againat  fbcti 
ttnMirty  proved,  good  chanctar  cannal  prevail. 
It  ia,  Ibatefare,  in  aaMller  eAaRcaa,  in  aoch  aa 
<«laia  te  the  adlniia  of  dailf  and  ecmHuon  life, 

.1  lOaMiil. 


M  when  <w«  it  <ba»fa4  eritti  fiHlbflnf  tmi 
•taallng,  that  avidaaaa  of  a  h^fb  character  Urn 
tMMaaly  wUl  Mii«fy  «  jary  lh«>  iba  arawMd  la 
not  lliialy  l<>  jtmIiI  !>•  aw  tligbl  a  lamptaiinii. 
tn  Mi'b  «aM,  «r)Mv«  Ika  avtd'nca  U  diMiteAil, 
|i«wif  of  cHara«i<r  may  ha  |^'«n  wMk  |[rMHt 
cllact.  Mm  Mill  avan  with  r«g»«-l  (•>  tba  liiuhar 
rimaa,  laallnwMy  of  guoit  rharaci*!,  Ib^tugn  i4 
\mvt  avnUi  la  cotnfMHtnt  aviaiviwa  to  Iha  jury, 
and  a  MacM*  »)  avtdawca  whick  tba  aouMit 
baa  a  r%ki  lu  <i4*i.  It  la  tba  pftvilaga  of  Um 
•ccuMd  lo  pMl  hU  characiar  In  iaaua,  or  not. 
If  ka  AtMm,  and  nffar*  avUlanca  of  a  gtMid  char- 
actar, lb«n  lk«  pniaacuttiiti  may  p<n  evldaocv 
to  rabitt  and  countfracl  It.      i4tfl  U  la  not  c4r 

Cani  for  ihi>  gomrnmant  to  gi«a  in  pr<mf  >'.  <| 
I  I  haractar  of  ika  (Ufandanl,  anUaa  ka  I!  <t 
tjutn*  tka!  line  of  imttiiry  by  aridanca  of  ge  '• 
ckaracterJ 

Or  WtTHiMeu.  Tha  patty  aaalnat  whom  a 
witnaaa  la  called  may  dlapr«>«a  the  (aiita  atalcd 
by  him,  CM  ma«  •namlaa  otbar  wttiiaaaat  aa  to 
hit  K'nerol  charactar  |  bat  tbay  will  not  hi 
allow'd  tu  ipaak  of  pairikalar  facta  nr  ;Mrti  af 
bla  cuodttc'l.*  I'or  aBampia,  evidanoa  of  iko 
ganaral  charactar  of  •  prabJoMrta  for  •  rape 
may  ba  ifivan,  aa  that  the  waa  a  Mrrat- walker  t 
bat  evitUnee  of  apacific  ^«tt  of  criminality  can- 
not b«  adwittad.i  Th>r  raginlar  mode  of  fai> 
qalriag  bito  Iba  Mpuiaiion  of  a  witnaaa,  la  le 
Mth  of  IboM  inlrod«c«<*  fat  ibat  pwrpoaa  wbcibar 
they  know  the  genarai  rrpuuiti«>«  of  tba  panaa 
In  qaaation  ainong  hia  nalgbbora.  and  what  thai 
rapiitation  ia.  The  Inqalry  muat  be  aa  Im  hlaget»- 
aval  repntatkM  whata  ba  U  Itaat  known,  ar  with 
ibnaa  <tmong  wknai  ha  ia  known,  or  with  ihoae 
anaong  wheat  he  dwell*,*  and  whether  9imm 
•uch  knowledge  he  would  tieiievc  hint  on  Ua 
»ath.*  In  eneerer  to  each  evidenoa  agaliMl 
character,  the  other  party  mar  eraaa>«ia«irinf 
the  witnaaa  aa  to  hi*  meana  of  niaiwledgc,  and 
the  grownda  of  hi*  opinion  \  or  he  ntay  aMack 
tack  witneM*  general  charactar,  or  hj  freak 
evidence  enpiMtt  tka  cknnciwr  of  kle  own.* 
A  paitv  cannot  give  •videnoa  to  eowAtan  Ika 
good  chanctar  M  »  witaeaa,  unlaai  kla 
chnrader  has  haaa  hnpagnicil  bf  kia 
oalM.* 
See  WtTNwi,  iMHUcNMairr  or,  bel 
CIRCUMSTANCBA.  Facto  pr> 
iilwaya  accompanied  hy  ciretHMtancae 


•w. 

e^are 

wyek 


accompani 
mora  or  lam  inlhieace  tka  miad  in  faiwMiig  a 
Jndgin«it.  In  aoaae  Inilawcm  tkeaa  atiMiii- 
atanaai  amtona  Ika  ckaracter  of  Imaiatlbie 
evidmc«(  wkera.  for  axampia,  a  waman  «w 
fonnd  dand  In  a  room,  with  every  indlcatiaa  of 
knvlnc  mat  wiik  a  violent  tieatk,  the  pretence 
of  dtnothar  aenon  at  the  tcaat  of  action  wat 
■uda  nmireat  by  the  kloodjr  mark  of  a  4|fl 

jCaaa.eNllfc 
II 


i 


«»l  iptj^  "ee  I  keane  «■& 

i;ils  i'toTiv 


•  lid.  4.*  iHl^ftaJ  .i^H^iJS^  ir.  ,fc*1 


»  \<Uf  ih**  iIm  MaaMHl  i« 
l»  nu  iliglM  •  MMafilMKin. 

«  wtlH  r«giM<J  la  Um  littflMf 
g<MMl  ch«rsc)«f,  )lii>M||n  ii/ 
•nl  avirfaava  In  lh«  Jury, 
i4«ii««  which  thm  acttiMil 

ll  !•  IIm  |w4«tl«f«  of  iIm 
charMtcr  In  Immc,  or  imiI. 
>•  avIfUn**  <il«  guoil  thai- 
rciadon  'nay  0v*  mvuUnc-t 
•U  ll.  t^ul  U  t«  not  ««fir 
laMnt  to  gt«*  IM  pfinf  '    n 

<I«(«imI*iiI,  vnUt*  h*  I  tl 
Hmtf  if  4rri<l«nca  ol  ft  '4 

TIm  pMty  •MiiMt  whom  • 
f  <tl*fn>««  IM  (mi*  •telt4 
nl«4  oUiar  wtlitMMt  m  to 
•f  I  kwl  ili«y  will  not  kfi 
pariic«lar  faoto  rtt  •y»rH  vl 
•sample,  •fiil—c*  of  iko 
r  •  prvk^.titrla  fnr  «  ni|M 
ll  ah*  waa  •  iir««<  walkari 
ifk  >«<a  of  crlMimUtljr  cm»- 
1  kt  r«fi*iar  motU  of  lii- 
tatmtiim  at  •  witnaaa,  k  !• 
ot  (or  ihAt  ^r|MM«  wkcUMT 
al  r«puui(Uwi  of  iIh)  paraoM 
b  Batgilbara.  Ml4  wlMt  thM 
i4|iitry  MiMt  b«  at  U*  kla  gm- 
I  Im  U  (Mat  know«,  ar  wHk 
Im  la  knowii,  or  with  Umm 
wcllt,*'  Mid  wImcImw  (hMM 
would  lialiave  kirn  on  Ml 
to  a«ck  •vidawM   flwH 


'  party  BMT  croM 

«f  ltttai«l«t<fe,  Mid 


-  Juion  t  or  ha  may  attack 
'•I  charadar,  or  by  ^«ah 
kt  ckunciwr  of  hia  own.* 

«  «rvidCMM  ta  «KNlArm  Um 
witacaa,  unlaw  M*  gcawl 
fanpngncti  bf  hb  aaiaf 

MUCNMiirr  or,  bai  «. 

MCBS.  Facta  pr^  i«^  an 
1  by  citawMauncaa  wkicii 
net  Iha  mini  la  tunitet  • 
la  laifcai  ihaaa  aiiCMi* 
I  charactar  of  iwailadbia 
IT  aK— ipla,  a  awwaw  «m 
m,  with  avery  indicalkM  of 
riolaMt  daatb,  Iba  pmaaca 
It  ihe  (cana  of  action  waa 
ha  Moody  aMTk  of  a  iyl 


OaaaaCTwIT 

laai  Mkaaa  ijO^ 

I  SI.  aM|Jia*.  mr.  it. 


M 


umiHffi. 


4Sf 


kafi4  «Mia  an  W  A>/*  am  •    TImmi  M4a«a  I 
■mgM  to  U   larafuliy  eiamtnad  tn   ortjat  i     ' 


(virm  a  cwraci  n|Miii«Ni.  1  ka  {\rtt  qaaattoa  la 
I*  tha  Iw*  t«M.ii.U  >  If  Ml,  ara  ikara  ana  eJr- 
<umMaiMw4  whivh  (•n.lar  il  lm|MMa«til«  ?  |f 
«ll»liad  faut  ara  ln«|i>yM<Na,  th»  wtinaaa  <<agkl 
.1  to  ka  »i»,|Hail.  lr,„  •n.mpUi  If  a  man 
*»«ni  thai  ka  taw  tka  >lac««aad  thool  kln»«lf 
w.ih  kla  .»wn  uMot,  and.  «p.m  tn*min»>  m, 
iNa  ball  wkUk  hlllad  k)M  la  foand  too  larg*  lu 
•mar  ih*  |iMal,  the  wUmm  ough'  nm  lo  \m 
•  rnlHad.a  Ho.  alao,  if  aita  twea»  '  h«l  anolliar 
h  i«  omtmittad  au  lm|iaaattil«  riiwr 

•  i^ratUKT.      iica   <  aaixaiurr  i     Wit- 
'"laaaa.  Iialdw 

^MMUNICATIONt.CONtULTA. 
<   nMt.CONrSIIBNCIt,  CONVER. 

1     IN»  inada  a«  and  ptbir  to  Ih^  conirati  ara 
'  K**  "*  '*"•  «'*»«"»<^'.  ''»  •«  If^rol  avidante 
w.ll  ha  altowtd  t«i  lie  j|»rii  to  altar,  oaniradMI. 
or  "jinr  a  wrili       ii.-rumem  » 

CONCLUSiVE  BViOBNCB  u  that 
whi<h,  wMla  •noHiiiadiclad,  *«li«(i««  iha  (adga 
"T  Jary.  I  hM  which  cann..*  ba  conmdlad  i^ 
<  oniradklfl  by  any  olher  avidcnca.  That 
whkh  cMabliahaa  ika  ract,aa  In  iha  (n*i, n«a  of 
(.mclualva  fwa- •laipliuna.  Tha  r«.  ard  of  a 
umtt  of  c<>m».on  law  juriullction  li  concluaiva 
«»  lo  Ika  facit  Iharaia  Malad.i  EvManca  may 
iia  aoaclaalva  fur  aoina  purpaaaa,  b«t  not  lor 
othara. 

CoNCLWivi  PKwuMPriom.  Saa  I»e». 
iijMrnon,  below. 

CONPKMIONB  (vnlufilary  dacb-aitona 
inadabyaparMHi  *ho  kai<:oramtuadai.<ima  or 
rni>damaa«ortoano(bar,  of  the  agengy  or  |!«iii.  i 
l«ilofi  which  l,.ihaiUi»  Iha aama.  Aa«di„.Mi.  . 
or  achnowladgnent  by  a  t^iMHiar,  whan  «r 
ritgnad  for  an  offanoa,  thai  h«  committad  Itta 
'nma  wUh  whl«  h  ha  ii  charged.  Judi<  ial  con- 
IcwMMit  ara  tho^«  mada  baf' re  a  mag»ir«i«,  or 
(u  court  in  Iba  dua  coune  .i:  legal  proceeding*. 
Exli«.judlclal  oonfaaaioiia  r.is  tlton^  m«il«  by  the 
l>arty  alsewhera  than  bafora  a  magiatrala,  or  hi 
iha  oMii  (;ouh). 

Voliiiiiary  confitaaion*  are  admiatibia  la  aei 
'•^ncaj*  but  a  lunfaialon  it  not  admlxKihIa  in 
cv.d«»c«  wkara  it  ii  oUaiitad  by  lampoml  in- 


f^i 


'i  F*^-  ^  Tr.  inj.    •.!  StaitIa  Be.  ia<     k. 

Mau. 


lo ;  »•  Jfohni 

He 

Mopd,  ^     _       „    ,_ 

•  f.  Hoi«  i  r  iiy.  «  M,  ,iju;  ,  W.'ijaTitdT 
,.l7J_4Hi     .,  joji   „  fTff  ifVialfi Via 


••Ala  (N.  S,)»:  1  lad,  ua  ;  ]o  Mlat.  s«.    £■! 


10  ImI,  I' 


l'«.m  St.  a.|.    I-,  Maod.  Cr.  Cm.  «to:  \c. * i 

|m;  lid.  i4o.ni:  a  Ctaw.  *  D,  Caa.  Ir 

■  Oav.  as 


347 


k!1'» 


ss* :  >•  I 


.  49>  i  «  0»y.  4«i :    i  SlreMk 

V|.   1.6; 


iti  14 Onn.  (ka :  ibVi!ii6':   baiMailt^' 
»1    •ma.S*.4|a|4C.*P.aati/abli4>.Ca8.ii. 


4aea««i>. .  I(f  iKreal*,  promU*.  or  kofa  of  Urat 
bald  ow  M  the  |NUiy  In  re*|)ect  >t4  kia  aacana 
/  fr.Mii  Ika  »h,"fe  agaliial  klm  by  a  parvon  in 
aMikortiv.*  whvia  (kere  la  r*a«iii  in  preauma 
ikal  aach  pcnoM  aiiprarod  lo  Iha  umity  u>  tmut- 
•  ton  tic  ''  ihraat  or  in<lMcem«at  i'  l»«n  i(  t*  ad- 
mlaalble  if  tuch  Indu.  rmania  (niicaad  from  « 
iiar««n  Hid  in  aalkoro*  ,„ar  iha  |«lM<nar,a  of 
II  Iha  inducemant  ba  •fMruaal  rnarvly  ,•  and  Iha 
lamnoral  ■<K.>:cnio«l  matt  have  l>«an  kald  nbl 
by  iMa  pa<iiMi,'    «  wkoro  ika  rtmlaMi^.n  U  mada.* 

"'I'^itJH'''!  "'  •  ••P****^  •  ^  t«m«t.alon  la 
t'liwIaalWa,  J.,  -^ft  aluilad  by  nuaaimna  iiui  la 
tha  prlaonar  by  a  rottaiahle,  ma|i»iral«.  or  u«h*r 
ponan,*  even  though  iha  r|it>.'>>>ikHi  aaaumaa  il>e 
tiriaonar't  guil>,  or  iha  coni<-«»l«n  I*  olnalnrd 
by  'riek  >n  aniliee.'  and  alihough  it  amwutt 
that  Iha  iMiaonar  ww  im  wnrnetl  that  what  ha 
•aid  woatd  ba  uacvl  ag  tt<  tt  him.* 

A  itaiameiit  not  com  ><  »».tiy,  mada  by  a  parly 
'tot  M  tha  time  a  prieoiiar  under  a  criminal 
'-  h  irge.  la  admtaalbla  in  avidenca  agaiiMt  him, 
alihough  it  i«  mada  ufion  oaib  ;*  othaiwiae,  if 
Iha  anawan  ara  compalaory*  A  eonfaHltMi 
May  ba  Inferred  frt»»  tha  ctmduct  and  de- 
ntranoe  at  a  priaoncr  when  a  ilaianiani  la  mada 
in  hia  prcaenca  alfrfiing  biraaair,'  iinleaa  aach 
aiaiamenl  la  made  In  iba  drfiaaMion  of  a  wit- 
nana,  or  namiualion  of  aiiother  priaoner  bafura 
a  magialrale.* 

Whara  a  confaaaion  haa  l>aan  ob(ain«d,  or  an 
iiHlucemcni  haU  out  umWrcirounuitaneea  which 
wuuld  render  a  conlenion  inadnixtible,  a  con- 
feaaion  lubaaqnenily  mada  ia  not  admiaaibia  la 
cvidencai  unlvat  from  the  lei^h of  lima  Inter- 
venlng,  from  proper  warning  of  tha  conaa- 
qbcnoN,  or  from  other  <  >ri:um*lancea,  Ihrre  it 
reaixm  to  presume  Ihat  the  h<j}*  «r  fear  t^hich 
influrmni  the  firat  confrwioi.  i,  ditpelled,'  and 
Ihe  muiivaa  proved  lo  kav«  been  olhired  will  be 
l'>««umad  10  coai'naa,  and  to  have  produced 
tt.^  confe*«ion,  unleia  iha  conlraiy  ia  ahowii  by 
clear  tvidanca,  and  iha  eotifaaaion  will  ba  ra- 
j«ci«d.»  Under  lucb  circamauncea  coiuampo- 
raneou*  dacUratlnna  of  tha  parly  art  rccai««ble 
in  evidetica,  or  not.  accordinf  to  Iha  attending 
circumitancaa:  but  any  act  of  lU  parly,  though 
dona  in  conaaquanea  of  luch  a  coaftwlon.  ia 
admiaaibia.  if  it  appaar*  from  a  ItM,  thaitby 


l»-4C.  _ 
Jabb,  Cr. 


ft  r. 


Ar.-._i,a;:.,-i/':i.ri3Si'?».',,*,S^"t?-ij.* 


scS^Via: 


ISO. 

Si 


Parii.Cr  Caa.  at}.   „ 
Cr.  Caa.  ajt  i  4  Caaiph 


T^k' 


jo:  tC.  ft  P.  i«i,  in:'  ivW! 
•  jyk.  Cr.  Caa.  t*,'.    v:,^.* 


15;     \ 

a-; 

I- 


43» 


EVIDENCE. 


Uteoftrti,  UuU  m  much  of  th«  confeuion  u 
immtdiately  relates  to  it  b  true.* 

A  confcMion  made  before  a  magistrate  ia  cA- 
missible,  though  made  before  the  evidence  of 
the  witnesf  ai(ainst  the  party  was  concluded.* 

Parol  evidence,  precise  and  distinct,  of  a 
statement  made  by  a  primmer  before  a  magis- 
trate during  his  examination,  is  admissible, 
though  sttcn  statement  neither  appears  in  the 
written  examination,  nor  is  vouched  for  by  the 
BMgistrate;*  but  not  if  it  is  of  a  character 
(Which  it  was  the  duly  of  the  magistrate  to  have 
noted.*  Parol  evidence  of  a  confession  before 
a  magistrate  may  be  given  where  the  written 
examination  it  inadmiuible  through  fnfor- 
mality.* 

The  whole  of  what  the  prisoner  said  must 
be  taken  together.* 

A  prisoner's  confession,  when  the  eorpm 
'dt^eti  is  not  otherwise  proved,  is  Insufficient  to 
warrant  his  conviction.' 

CONFIDENTIAL  COMMUNICA- 
TIONS. 

AoBNTS.    See  iNmPRKTKits,  below. 

Attorneys,  CoimtiLLORs,  and  Solicitors 
AT  Law,  and  members  of  the  legal  profeuion 
l^nerally,  are  not  competent  to  t^fy  to  conti- 
CA.'itial  coimnuiiications.  Th«  confidential 
counsellor,  solicitor,  or  attorney  cf  any  party 
cannot  be  compelled  to  disclose  paj^ra  aeliv- 
ered,  or  communications  made  to  him,  or  let- 
ters,  or  entries  made  by  him  in  that  capacity  (S 
nor  will  he  be  permitted  tf>  make  such  commu- 
nicatioa  against  the  will  of  his  client.*  The 
privilMe  extends  to  all  matttta  made  the  sub- 
ject ofprofessional  intercourse,  without  regard 
to  the  pendency  of  legal  proceedings,'  and  as 
to  matters  discovered  ^  the  counsellor,  etc.,  in 
consequence  of  this  relation.*  A  barristera 
clerk  IS  considered  as  standing  in  the  same  re- 
lation as  sn  attorney;*  but  not  a  student  at  law 
in  an  attomev's  office."  ^ 

The  cases  in  which  communications  to  coun- 
sel have  been  holden  not  to  be  privileged  may 
be  classed  nnder  the  following  heads ;  When 
the  communicatiMi  was  made  before  the  attor- 
ney was  employea  as  such  ('  after  the  attorney's 
employment  ms  ceas^;*  when  the  attorney 

■-t  LeMh  Cr.  Cm.  ■<],  sM;  o  C. ft  P.  3^4  :*  Mood. 
Cr.Cw.33l;  Rum. ft  R. Or. Cm.  iji :  9  Pidc.49<; 
33  MiM.  Shi   1  Snwd^Tij   1  Ricb.  jn.    »-4  C.  ft  I'. 

'  -  1:   I  Sood.  Cr.  Cm.  33? '  ;  C.  ft  P.  i«    «.t 

.Bv.|Mr,M.    4-iL«w.Cr. Cm.  46:  4C.&P. 

,«.;  15  Id.  ><■:  6Id.  it|:   t  Mood,  ft  M.  «c>3 : 

"     ,ft  K.  tat;  tBattft  B.(97:  aC. 


Mb.  a39.   •«  €^. 


U-.&;^\&.'^;ti?iVM:<S.%a'Ar.' 
>N.  S.  toj.    ta  Hayw.  4$Si  $  Habt.  ife.  il};  il  MIsk. 


M9;  i7ra.4a6i  aT*Mi,nyi 

Cas. 4l;;,ia9;  tptnACT.Q% 

t>Oa.s        -  —  • 


S»»i 


J.  ftR.  Cr. 

3  Farti.  Or,  Ot. 


gda:  «Ad(.Ck.sS4: 

Qt^x)!»:  1 0»r.  ft  ».«s :  6  MMld.  Ch. 

Owt.  ftS.nl:  1  Watts,  SOS  MP«nii.St.(9:  xaPiclc. 
k;  jtMa.^T  nVt.4y:  t4  llfcy.  1 345  *«  sm •« 
Vt.7M,73»    •-sZsp.si;  a««  1  Mylaa  ft  K.  SM :  3 


was  consulted  becaui.e  he  was  an  altome),  yet 
was  not  acting  a>  Kuch  ;■  where  his  character 
of  sttomev  was  the  cause  of  his  being  present 
at  the  taking  place  of  a  fact,  but  there  was 
nothing  in  the  circumstances  to  make  it  amount 
to  a  communication;'  when  the  matter  com- 
municated was  not,  ill  iu  nature,  private,  and 
could  in  no  sense  be  termed  the  subiect  of  a 
confidential  rommunicaiion  /  whsn  the  thingn 
disclosed  had  no  reference  to  profeaaional  em- 
ployment, though  disckMd  while  the  relation 
of  attorney  and  client  shbiusled  ;■  when  the  at- 
torney made  himself  the  subscribing  witness  i^ 
when  he  is  a  party  to  the  transaction  }*  when  he 
was  directed  to  plrad  the  facts  to  which  he  is 
called  to  testify.* 

The  rule  of  privilege  doea  not  extend  to 
confessions  made  to  confidential  friends,  clerks/ 
bankers,*  nor  stewards.* 

Attomers,  cleigyiuen,  or  physicians,  with  the 
consent*ol  the  party  minting  confidential  com- 
munication, m.iy  ^3Mify  cociceming  the  same. 

Clbrcvmen,  co.-)ceining  any  confessions 
made  to  them  in  the  ooursr  of  discipline  en- 
joined by  the  church,  are  privileged  in  some 
States,  but  not  by  the  common  law.' 

iNTKRniaTERsl  AND  AoKNTs'  art  consid- 
ered as  standirg  in  the  same  relation  as  an  at- 
torney. 

HtniBAND  AND  WiPB  are  excluded  from  giv- 
ing testimony  for  or  against  each  other  when 
either  ia  a  paity  to  the  suit,  or  interested.  And 
UTi  her  b  competent  to  prove  a  fact  directly 
teiiding  to  criminate  the  other.  This  mle  is 
foundsd  partly  on  their  identity  of  interest,  and 
partly,  perhaps  chiefly,  on  the  polior  of  the 
law,  which  aims  to  protect  the  confiomce  be- 
tween man  and  wife,  that  is  essential  to  the 
comfoit  til  the  manied  relation,  and  through 
that  to  the  grad  order  of  society.  Whether,  or 
not,  the  disability  of  k-rUnd  and  wife  may  evM 
be  removed  by  consent  of  the  other  is  a  nutter 
of  dispute.'  It  does  not  make  any  dilftrenoa 
whidi  party  is  called  npon  as  n  witness,*  or 
when  die  relation  eommenoed,"  or  whether  it 
has  terminated.*  It  is  not  removed  by  death, 
or  by  the  dinotution  of  tb*  marriage  reladon. 

MyiiM  ft  C.  S*S :  Storr  E?.  PI.  I  fct";  tl  Oa.  «0si:  n 
Ala.(N.S.)«}4:  aiGa.3oi.  S^C.ftP.  tasi  s  U- 
MSl3ld.in;  JlMaa.ftQ.a7t:  I  DinH.  ft  R.  }t6; 
nm,M;'.We«d.«yj  .6  N.  V.  ilo •  j  CM.  4S». 
«■»  Caah.  its.  V-i  Ventr.  197:  a  Alk.  Cti.  SMj  m* 
aUa.  jSi.  W-4T.  R.  ^it;  1tU.Aa.91.  X-4T. 
'^,7S3i.*UUh.  4»4!  •♦-J"-^J«^fig/»-i^g?^ 


M',.v;ro:.5j:'a'c;sc 


"  Wit.au;_8taiyB9i.  PI.  |dM.  m 

.         .     .     ^ .     C  &  p.  337.    *«C,ft 

P.  |*>  .Is-*  Aft.  Oj,  SHi  M  W««.  4J$J  9*MHk 
SmUm  Ev  lainj  tOmuL  Bv. J|  sST-sm  : 


■HHM.M6*afiwr 
ieif.  »3' Wit.  an ;  Story  &«.  Pl.*|  dot.  dU  mmtim 
(NJB.)ij».  4MT.  R.  7^:  tC>iMs^t}7:  3«ns.j|s6.: 
I4I]LI^    l-30Mapb.337;  I  r  - 


i>4TJl.7J 


X7  Am.  Jw.'  w«.  'MX;*.  MS  J  •  SRtap.  «hs  ij  Man. 
aaa  1  t  At.  C.  C.  3jd.    k-t  Siaik. !:»;  •  Bmv.  Root, 


ihj^t  pun.  C>i.jt7i.  <il7.    l->V4e. 


i.Oi.j47i, 


r.tts.479MT|.«i»5  JC.» 
Bv.|34o.   m^. ft MC sst.   aoCsifft^ «!*••' 
ts^Pit.  toe:  3  Dev.  ftB.  ue;  t  BaA,39a>  SBatt.  ast; 


J  t  WMai. 
I  GtesaL 


t  Kir.  IcM.'  lOl:  t  C  ft  P.  sS4:  aajaaa  si fldi. 44a; 
r  Vt.  sod}  4  K»  St.  J64;  (  Ala.  (M.  8)  aa4i  «% 
Man.  as4. 


ihc  he  WM  an  attomej,  yet 
uich  ;■  where  his  character 
caate  of  hit  being  pretent 
;  of  a  fact,  but  there  wax 
nttancei  to  make  it  amount 
li'  when  the  matter  com- 
ill  iu  nature,  private,  antt 
e  termed  the  lubicct  of  a 
nicalion  /  whsn  the  things 
ereiice  to  profeMional  em- 
lack^ed  while  the  relation 
It  (libualed  t*  whan  the  at- 
r  the  tabicribing  witncai  i'' 
b  the  tranaacMoB  i*  when  he 
ad  the  facta  to  which  Im  is 

rilece  doea  not  extend  to 

BonMential  friendi^,  derfc*,' 

rds.i> 

uen,  or  phjraicians,  with  the 

•  miJcinj  confidential  com- 
«ify  concerning  the  same, 
accming  any  oonfeaaioni 
w  eourar  of  diadpline  en- 
ch,  arc  privileged  in  aome 
le  common  law.' 

UNO  AQBNTtk  are  contid- 
tha  tame  relation  m  an  at* 

in  are  excluded  frgm  giv- 
r  againit  each  other  when 
he  suit,  or  interested.  And 
St  to  prove  a  fact  directly 
te  the  other.  Thia  mle  it 
icir  identity  of  intereat,  and 
efly,  on  the  polior  of  the 
protect  the  confiilrnoe  l>t- 
fe,  that  ia  caaential  to  the 
fried  relation,  and  through 
er  of  society.  Whether,  or 
b.:  .and  and  wife  may  ever 
ent  of  the  other  ia  a  matter 
■  not  make  any  difEncnee 
led  npoa  aa  awitneaat'or 
eommenoed,'  or  whether  it 
t  ia  not  rcnwved  by  dMth, 
I  of  tlte  marriage  relatioa. 

•  El.  H. }  fci';  11  Oa.  tfe; 
a.3Qi.   i-aC. ttr.t 
.  ftO.  *n;  tDowl. 
pr:   rfN.V.ilo-   sC»I.4l». 
eatr.  197:  •  Aik.  Cu.  S*4S  ■•* 

t«  La.  Aa.  91.     xm  T. 


,1?it.VS; 


CuftTscd. 


LAB.  tit:  jl/oIux.  Caa. 
1 49!  •Om.'Eed.  W6:  sAffT. 
ton  Eq.  PI.  I  rfof .   4-iliair«ia 
tA;  sCaiMi.tj7:  3Wis.«s( 
3WJ  I  a  ftp.  337-   «*C,< 

itgmL  Bv.JI  «37-*y>>  3 
JR.  MjJ  •  wttaa.  M4S  IS  J 
WoMirjjT  >  4  Muar.  sf) ;  *  tad. 
k-i Siarit.  !!aa ;  a Baav^Ralls, 
Mr.  I*!  V«a.  Cli.  m:  t  WMat. 
«^s  3  C.  ft  P.  s»!  «  QrMial. 
w.33t.  ji-iCairftJP 

ftP.l 


EVIDENCE. 


*3I 


Som«  exception*  to  ihit  rulec  are  admitted 
out  of  necessity  for  the  protection  of  husband 
and  wife  against  each  other,  and  for  the  take 
of  public  jusiicc.4 

Phyiicians,  concerning  any  communicatioA 
as  to  matters  conh<led  to  ihem  in  course  of  theii 
profeulon,  provided  this  privilege  be  extendea 
to  them  by  ttalute  and  not  otherwise.'  But  a 
physician  consulted  at  to  the  means  of  doing  an 
unlawful  act, such  as  procuringan  abortion,  is 
not  excused  from  answering.*  The  statute  does 
not  prevent  the  phycian  of  a  deceaacd  perran 
giving  evidence  in  -.  testamentary  cause,  con- 
cerning the  probate  of  the  will  of  tuch  decedent. 
The  statute  doe*  not  ettablish  a  general  and 
tbtolute  prohibition  of  such  testimony  in  all 
cases,  but  secure*  a  personal  privilege  !o  the 
party,  which  may  be  waived;  and  if  such  priv- 
liege  be  waived,  the  witneta  cannot  object  to 
testily.* 

CONJBC  JRE,  aritinff  from  evidence  too 
weak  or  remote  to  cause  belief,  it  of  too  tlight 
a  degnM  to  have  any  weight,  being  merely  a 
probaUUty  without  any  demonatration  of  iu 
truth. 

COPIES  cannot  be  given  in  evidence  un- 
lets proof  ia  made  that  the  original*  from  which 
they  ara  taken  are  loat,  or  are  in  the  power  of 
the  oppoaite  party ;  and,  in  the  latter  caae,  that 
notice  haa  'been  given  him  to  produce  the 
original." 

A  cum  to  be  evidence  must  be  a  true  tran- 
script Of  the  original  writing  or  record.  The 
papen  ahould  be  exchanged  and  read  alter- 
nately, but  thi*  it  not  ttrictly  neceiiary.*^ 

See  Examined  Copy;  Original*,  below. 

CRBDIBILITY.  In  deciding  upon  the 
credibility  of  a  witneta,  it  it  alwayt  pertinent 
to  oontider  whether  he  it  capable  of  knowing 
thorotighly  the  thii^  about  which  he  tettiiiet; 
whether  he  waa  actually  preaent  at  the  trantac- 
tion ;  whether  he  paid  tuffident  attention  to  be 
qualified  to  make  ■  correct  report  of  it)  and 
whether  h«  honettly  relates  the  aflUr  at  (iilly  aa 
he  know*  it,  without  purpose  or  detire  to  de- 
ceive, add  to,  or  auppresa  the  tiulh.  With  this 
may  be  contiderad  hit  interett,  if  any,  and 
qualities  of  mind  and  character. 

The  credibility  of  witnettet  ia  a  quettion  for 
the  jury  to  determine,  as  their  competency  it 
for  the  court." 

Se«  WiTNBSSKS,  below. 

CRIMINATB.  A  witnett  cannot  be  com- 
pelled to  antwer  any.  quettion  which  has  a 
tendenqr  to  expoae  him  t»«  penalty,  or  to  any 
kind  of  punishment,  or  to  a  criminal  charge.* 

|»-t  Omel.  Ev.  |  343- ^Bm.  Abr.  Ev.  fA.)i  1 
^nd  H.  aolM  m, ».  xj-T4i  Sua  Ev.  Pt.  IV,  706-713;  t 

Vet.  Ch.  «j  I  ji%l  s.  5S38  Ry'ft  iSra:  ci. 

•53.  IMil  mi|(av«  Jk.  Tir.  k43 1  «o  Htwdl  S.  ft  Tr. 
«« i  1 C.  ft  P.  M  J  1  Id.  sil;  SM  14  Wand,  6*7.  mi 
W^tHLia.  t^fradfSunr.Mi.  a-i  Ortod.  ffv.  f  sol; 
3  Bouv,  laat.  «,•«.  v-a  Tauat.  4j«:  1  6<m4c.  1)3;  4 
Cwrt*.  MSJi  elk  P.  5>t.    w-Ejat  Ev.  {f  ,«$    , 

Inst.  M.  a^,  jara:  4S. ftTr.<: « Id. ««a « to Hmrd 
S.I:Tr.sa«BM<  llvt^tu  Id.  7101  •fiou^.  sm  • 
U.  Kara.  taM;  i«  Vas.  C^.  •4*s  •  SwauTiid:  i  C 


An  accomplice  admitted  to  give  evidence 
against  his  associates  in  guilt  is  bound  to  make 
a  full  and  fair  confession  of  the  whole  truth 
respecting  the  subject-matter  of  the  prosecu- 
tion.' But  he  is  not  bound  to  answer  with  re- 
spect to  his  share  in  other  oflencet,  in  which 
he  was  not  concerned  with  the  prisoner.*    ' 

Cross  Examination.  See  Lradino  Ours- 
TIONS ;  and  WiTNRSSRS,  below. 

CUSTOM.  Evidence  of  custom  or  usage 
it  never  admissible  to  oppose  or  alter  a  general 
principle,  or  rule  of  law,  so  as,  upon  a  given 
stite  of  facts,  to  make  the  legal  rights  and  lia- 
hilitie*  of  parties  other  than  they  are  by  law.* 
With  respect  to  a  custom  or  usage  of  trade, 
however,  it  is  sufficient  if  it  appean  to  be 
known,  certain,  uniform,  reasonable,  and  not 
contrary  to  law.»  But  if  not  directly  known  to 
the  parties  to  the  transaction  It  will  still  be 
binding  upon  them  if  it  appear  to  be  so  general 
and  well  established  that  knowledge  of  it  may 
bepresumed.* 

DAM AOB.  He  who  it  is  proved  caused 
the  damage  it  bound  to  repair  it ;  and  if  proven 
he  hat  done  it  maliciously  he  may  be  compelled 
to  pay  even  beyond  the  actual  lost.  Where  it 
it  thown  that  the  damage  occurred  by  accident, 
without  blame  to  any  one,  the  loss  is  borne  ^ 
the  owner  of  the  thing  injured ;  as,  if  a  horte 
ran  away  with  hia  rider,  without  any  fault  of 
the  latter,  and  injure  the  property  of  anothef 
perton,  tuch  injury  it  the  lott  of  the  owner  of 
the  thing.  When  damage  happens  by  the  act 
of  God,  or  inevitable  accident,  as  by  tempest, 
earthquake,  or  other  natural  caus^,  the  loat 
mutt  be  borne  by  the  owner.' 

DBATH.  Pertont  who  have  been  once 
thown  to  have  been  in  life  are  presumed  Ibut 
to  continue  until  the  contrary  ia  thown ;  to  that 
it  liet  on  the  party  ataerting  the  death  to  make 
proof  of  lt.»  But  nroof  of  a  long  continued 
abtence,  unheard  from  and  nnexi^ained,  will 
toy  a  foundation  for  pretumption  of  death.  The 
general  rule  b,  that  the  preaumption  of  the  dii- 
ration  <rf  life  ceatea  at  the  expiration  of  tevcn 
years  fnnn  the  time  when  he  waa  latt  known 
to  be  living.'  Such  continued  abaence  for 
teven  yean  from  the  particular  State  of  hit 
residence,  without  showing  an  abaenice  from 
the  United  States  b  sufficient.* 
See  lOKNTiTY,  below. 

OBCLARATION8  ars  statements  made 

by  K.  party  to  a  transaction,  or  by  one  having  an 

interest  in  the  existence  of  tome  fact  in  relation 

to  the  tame. 

Dedarationa  regarded  as  original  evidence, 

ft  P.  ti:  I  W«i.  Cr.  Cu.  036:  t  Craach.  144;  s  Yaw. 
IS*'-}  *^«'H?i  •  ^0"  ft  M'C.  13;  6  Cow.  *54jl 
Wewf. isfrj  I  JoliBS.  49* ;  I.  S. ft  tLliti.  y.nKik. 
4»7J  •  Sf*-  ".  a.  •-9  Cow.  T>i,  notea;  s  C.  ft  P. 
4"-    JtS  T.  R.  3»Ti.i?  '''eiid.^is»^_6  Met.  (Mass  ) 


391:  •  Pick,  iji  i  6  Bl«n.  416,  b-3  Wash.  C.  C.  ijo; 
>  P«t.  1 :  3  »f  "■  •»Ti  «  Pfc*.  3to.  CI  CaiMS.  43V 4 
luriu  4S*-  /-Sa.  Com.  DtaTSsytr  Dam..  45tw; 

U>wMftH.Ed.i97:aCow.ftH.Boi«s.4a       -^     " 
Bv- 1 41J  sjohasTOi.  ■«r!  9  B.  ft  Aid.  8i. 
l>s:  I  Jui«w.37];  I  A.  K.  Manb.  st*; 
i<7i»Bay,4fd. 


S-ioPick. 
I  Psoalni^ 


440 


EVIDENCE. 


•ad  tdmUiible  u  luch  i  I.  Whet)  the  fkct  that 
the  declanuion  wm  made  It  the  point  in  que*- 
tion.«  a.  Including  exprcMiont  of  bodily  feel- 
ing where  the  existence  or  nature  of  iuch  feel- 
ings i»  the  Direct  of  inquiry  j  m  expreMionn  of 
inaction  in  action*  foir  trim.  ttm.  ;*  representa- 
tions by  a  sick  person  of  the  nature,  symptoms, 
and  effects  of  the  malady  under  which  he  is  la- 
boring;' in  prosecutions  for  rape,  the  declara- 
tions of  the  woman  forced^l  3.  In  cases  of 
pedigree,  including  the  declarations  of  deceased 
person*  nearly  related  to  the  parties  in  question  ;* 
family  records."  4.  Case*  where  the  declara- 
tion may  be  conaldered  as  a  part  of  the  rn 
rtUm^  including  the  entrlea  made  by  tho*e 
whose  duty  it  was  to  maka  such  entries.* 

Declarations  regarded  as  secondary  evidence 
or  hearsay,  and  yet  admitted  In  some  case*  t  i. 
•In  matters  of  general  and  public  interest,  com- 
mon reputation  being  admissible  as  to  mattim 
of  public  interest  ;•  but  reputation  amonpt  those 
only  connected  with  the  place  ot'  busmeu  in 
question,  in  regard  to  matters  of  general  interest 
merely ,»  and  the  matter  must  be  of  a  piaH  pub- 
lit;  nature.*  a.  In  cases  of  ancient  possession, 
where  ancient  documenU  are  admitted,  if  found 
in  a  place  in  which,  and  under  the  care  of  per- 
acm*  with  whom  »uch  paper*  might  reaaooably 
be  expected  to  b«  found,'  If  they  purport  to  be 
«Mrt  of  the  iramaction  to  which  they  relate.* 
I  In  case*  of  dectaratioM  and  entrie*  made 
againat  the  interest  of  the  pai^  making  them, 
whether  made  concurrently  with  the  act  or  sub- 
sequently^ but  such  declaratiou  and  entries, 
tobe  so  admitted,  must  appear  or  be  shown  to 
be  against  the  pecuniary  in.«te*t  of  the  parly 
makiag  them."  4.  Dying  declarations  made 
in  case*  of  homicide,  where  the  death  01  the 
deceased  is  the  subtject  of  the  chai^,  and  thr 


,£t  \x  »^  joSi   »i,^2iChj»li  J  y-, 
R,  ajt ;  4  Mm.  C.  C.  «•«.,  ■»:»•  *?•.*!  ] 


.VB.ft 
K.  »5» ;    4  "•■».  *"•  *••  ■"•,    ""-J"  ""  -"•  S'"  SS*!    •• 

T*J(M.74!  «n»'»3;4tMe.»4fe43»te»S*"W-    % 
Sm  I  Giwnl.  E».  H  ty,  x%y.  i  Sml*  ly  Cs*.  Hare  s 

5iai*.  4*  « Va  W.  n4:  «•  Co«i.  .i^    »-t 
W.  416;  see  Wrrwisfc    r-s  Kgih.  <»•  CI  l»l : .« 


•  jTou.  ft  irc.  5S.  4«>:  i  nek- 


ife.  a-t  lk*«a.nMr. 
1  .4MLi«(sC*«ph. 


circumstances  of  the  death  are  the  mUect  of 
the  dying  declarations,  are  admissible*  if  made 
under  a  sense  of  impending  death.*  The  de- 
claratior*  may  have  been  made  bv  signs,*  and 
in  answer  to  queMiona/  The  MMance  only 
need  be  given  Vy  the  witnew,*  but  the  decUrt>< 
tion  mu*t  have  been  complete,*  and  the  circum- 
stances under  which  it  was  mwie  must  be 
shown  to  the  court.* 

Declarations  to  be  admissible  as  original  evi- 
dence must  have  been  made  at  the  time  of 
doing  the  act  to  which  they  relate.* 

In  order  to  their  admission  aa  secondary  evt 
dence,  the  declarant  must  be  dead,<  and  the 
declaration  must  have  been  made  before  any 
controveny  arose.*  It  must  nppMr  that  the 
declarant  was  in  a  condition  or  situation  to 
know  the  fact*,  or  that  it  was  Us  duty  to  know 
them.' 

The  declarations  of  an  agent  respecting  a 
suUect-matter,  with  reeard  to  which  he  repre 
*ent»  the  principal,  bind  the  principal,*  if  made 
during  the  continuance  of  the  ag<*ncv  with  re- 
gard to  the  tranuMition  then  pending  ;k  and 
aimilar  rules  extend  to  partnen'  declarations.' 

When  more  than  an*  pcnon  Is  ewicamed  in 
the  commission  of  a  crime,  aa  in  cases  of  riots, 
conspiracies,  and  the  like,  tba  dadaratlons  of 
either  of  the  parties,  made  mkUt  mttimg  im  tkt 
temmm  daigm,  are  evidence  i«alMt  Ae  whpUjI 
but  the  declarations  of  one  of  the  rlalsn,  cr 
conaplratois,  made  ^/Rrr  tk*  mcnrnfUt^mimt  tf 
tktir  Mttt^  and  when  they  n»  kmfer  acted  to- 
gather,  are  evidcnea  only  agaiaM  A9  p«ity 
making  them.*  ,    , 

DBMONBTKATION  to  «lw  highest  at- 
taihabla  degree  of  wridenee.  It  to  snoh  eaitain 
proof  M  axcittdes  sfl  possiblUtjr  of  error.  It 
eMahtMwsa  Gut  orpnyosition  heywid  apassi- 


•it  el— 

n  (Mo,  4* 
Ittik.  ssii        ^_^ 
Ha«h*.4M:  t^jm 
t  Ka  <K.  C.) 


.4*4:  I 


•o,jelA  «<i5i  tKa.  M.  to 
.  |M i  SUeateC.  at f .  esst  f  < 


e  death  are  (if  raU«ct  of 
mi,  are  admiwiblc*  if  mede 
ipending  deaih."  The  de- 
been  made  bv  tigiM.*  and 
omJ  The  MWance  only 
le  witness,*  but  the  decUn- 
I  complete,*  and  the  circum- 
ch  it  was  made  mut  b« 


e  admiislble  as  original  evi- 
ccn  made  at  the  liaM  of 
ich  thev  relate.* 
admiMion  ao  secondary  evi' 
It  must  be  dead,*  and  the 
kve  been  made  berore  any 
It  must  appear  that  the 
I  condition  or  sitnation  to 
hat  it  was  his  duty  to  know 

i  of  an  agent  respecting  a 
\  regard  to  wbkh  he  repre 
bind  the  nrincipel,*  if  made 
tnee  of  tM  ng-^cy  with  re- 
ictloo  then  pending  {^  and 
t  to  partner*'  deelaratiant.> 
1  «he  pencil  la  eencemed  in 
a  crinM,  aa  to  case*  of  riotn, 
M  like,  tiM  dwiarallona  of 
I,  made  evMIr  mMv  im  thi 
cvidmoe  againsttliewhplei) 
IS  of  one  of  the  rtatwi,  or 

icn  thcf  a*  kHigar  acttd  to- 
ca  oaljr  against  ite  paMy 

KTIOH  ia  Cha  highart  at- 
evidence.  It  i*  awE  oaitain 
Mi  poaslbBity  e(f  WW.  It 
r  pft^positioB  MTand  a  paasi- 

,  ji-»Oiiwnj 


S^S 


KV1DBNCE. 


44t 


Mltty  of  doubt.  It  shows  the  contrary  f<osition 
10  be  absurd  or  impossible.  It  ia  thn  indubita- 
ble evidence  of  the  .enses,  and  of  reason. 

DBPOaiTIONS  are  written  declarations, 
iin  er  oath,  made  upon  notice  to  the  adverse 
inriy  for  the  purpoae  of  enabling  him  to  attend 
mil  cross-examine,  or  upon  written  interroga- 
lories.  The  diiference  between  u  deposiiion 
nnit  nn  affidavit,  is  the  requirement  of  notice  in 
iliL'  farmer.* 

Depoaitia«i«  were  not  formerly  allowed  in 
common  law  courts,  but  were  admitted  from 
necctaity  where  the  oral  testimony  of  a  witness 
could  not  be  obtained.  In  courts  of  equity 
this  is  generally  the  only  teatimony  whicn  is 
taken.  In  nost  Statea  both  oial  testimony  and 
depositions  are  used. 

In  criminal  cases  depositions  cannot  be  used 
without  the  consent  of  the  defendant,*  who  can- 
not by  constitution  be  deprived  of  the  right  of 
meetit^  his  accusers  face  to  face.  Statutory 
provisions  are  made  in  many  States  for  taking 
depositions  bf  the  accused.* 

The  cases  in  which  depositions  may  be  used, 
the  time  of  taking,  befort  whom  talirn,  notictt 
sf  taking,  foms,  directions  and  proceedings  in 
Uiking,  transmission,  o^  '*ntf^  exception  to,  and 
their  Introductioa  as  ?'  ^,  are  the  subjects 

of  special  statutory  rcgu.  .  .;a  all  the  various 
Stste*. 

DII»CT  BVIDBNCB  is  that  means 
of  proof  which  tends  to  show  the  exietence  of 
*  fact  ia  questkw  without  the  i.-)tervention  of 
the  proofs  of  anv  other  fact.  Evidence  is 
termed  dirtef,  which  applies  immediately  to 
the  fiwt  to  be  proved  without  any  intervening 
process,  as  distinguished  from  armuu^mtial, 
which  apidies  iaunediately  to  collateral  facts 
F'j|N)oaed  to  have  a  ooancction,  new  or  remote, 
to  the  fact  in  controver^. 

It  ia  that  evidence  which,  if  believed,  estab- 
lishes the  truth  of  the  fact  in  issue,  and  does 
not  risa  from  any  presumption.  Evidence  is 
direct  and  poritive  when  the  very  facts  in  dis- 
pute ara  communicated  by  those  who  have  the 
sciual  knowledge  of  thein  bv  means  of  their 
senses.*  In  one  sense  there  b  but  little  direct 
or  positive  proof,  or  such  proof  as  is  acquired 
by  meanaai  oae^  own  lenses;  all  other  evi-  ° 
dence  is  pswHaspfive;  but  in  common  accepta- 
tion, direct  aiMlpoaitive  avideRce  is  that  which 
u  coMMuiainitQd  by  owe  who  has  actual  knowl- 
edge of  the  CsQt. 

DItCMUEMT.  In  gtoaral  a  party  may 
discredit  a  witnasa  eaUad^  tha  opposite  party 
who  tesiifiaa  qpdnst  hias,  hf  proving  that  bis 

■»«.   •>*  Caaipb.  mC{  ««ark.  334 :  1  »w.  ftlf .  mj 
»-.8jlk.«a;  MjAniu^,,  nS^Mt  m:  a&ftAM. 

IUiieuyjp8B.ll.  lUj*..  x-> intent;  3  Bmi. 

a(«inMaM.an4I  aftsmw^  piirftk»M  Bladuwie.  dih 
SM  dscHtaa  shall  ■oth*  a  harieaiy  recovery  wbca  I  I 


character  is  such  m  not  to  entitle  him  to  credit 
or  confidence,  or  any  oiiier  fact  which  shows 
ne  is  not  entitled  to  belief.  It  is  clearly  set- 
tled, also,  that  the  party  voluntarily  calling  a 
witness,  cannot  afterwards  impeach  his  charac- 
ter  for  truth  and  veracity.*  But  if  a  party  calis 
a  witness  who  turns  out  unfavorable  he  may 
call  another  to  prove  the  same  point.' 

See  Character,  above  i   witnusks.  Im- 
peachment of,  below. 

DISCREPANCY  is  material  where  there 
is  such  a  difTereiice  between  a  thing  alleged 
and  a  thing  offered  in  evidence  as  to  show 
they  ara  not  substantially  the  same ;  as,  when 
the  plaintiff  in  his  declaration  foi*  a  malicious 
arrest  averred  that  "  the  plaintiff  in  that  action 
did  not  prosecute  his  said  suit,  but  therein 
made  default; "  and  the  record  was  "  that  the 
plaintiff  obtained  a  rule  to  discontinue."  A 
discreilMincy  is  immaterial  where  it  does  not 
materially  affect  the  cause,  as  where  a  declara- 
tion slated  thot  a  deed  bore  the  date  in  a  cer- 
tain «ear  of  our  Lord,  and  the  deed  was  simply 
date**  "  March  30, 1701."* 
DisitrrERRSTKO.  See  WiTNnsu,  below. 
DocimfNTi.  Sea  Pi;blic  Documints, 
below. 
DviNa  See  DFXtARATiONS,  above. 
BPPBCT  OP  BVIDBNCB.  As  a 
general  rule,  a  judgment  rendered  by  a  court 
of  competent  iuriitdiction  directly  upon  a  point 
in  iuue,  is  a  bar  between  the  same  pertie*  ;■ 
and  privies  in  blood,  as  an  heir*  or  privies  in 
estate,*  stand  in  the  saose  rituatioo  as  those 
whom  they  represent;  the  verdict  and  judg- 
ment may  be  used  for  or  against  them,  and  is 
conclusive.  But  in  oraer  to  coastitute  this  bar, 
and  to  make  a  matter  res  mtkain,  there  muu 
be  a  concurrence  of  the  tuur  conditions  follow- 
ing 1  I.  IdenUty  of  the  thing  sued  for;*  2. 
Identity  of  the  cause  or  action ;'  3.  Identity 
of  persons,  and  of  parties  to  the  action: '  i 
Identity  of  iha  qualjity  in  the  persons  for  or 
against  whom  the  claim  is  made.* 

BXAMINATION  (Pi«liminary)  i*  made 
concerning  a  cnminat  oAence,  of  the  grounds 
which  constitute  the  accusation  against  a  per- 
son arrested  on  a  crimmal  chaiga  with  a  view 
of  di*chai|jng  the  person  so  arrested,  or  to 
secure  his\ppearance  for  trial  by  tha  proper 
court,  and  to  preserve  the  evidence  relating  to 
the  matter.  This  is  accomplished  by  bringing 
the  person  accused,  together  with  witnesses, 
before  the  magistrate  (usually  a  jnsticc  of  the 
peace),  who  heats  the  easa  for  tha  porposcs 
above  sUted,  taking  down  in  writing  tha  avi. 

iwsasewa*rortlMl«i4,aadBM  *-r  n  isiianiit  j.iii 
II.  which  1  cfalBMd  a*  a  right  apMirttnant  to  «*  IuhI 
WhlMacr*.  •  WlMai.  109 ;  t  GiJt  C.  C.  *|6 :  if  Mm*. 
•fjy  \}i^j  mi  .•C*«i.  •«:   1  Nou  A  M*C.  3Mi 

■71:  <Wh«*t  <:  •48.lkA.43t.  4M*i*.44i;  tVcK. 

■I  ^.  (K.  a)  813 :  4  Dmuo^  jm  t  tt  iiuti.  ^  1hi« 
ndcls  a  Mc*is*ry  cMmoiwims  to  tb*  nil*  oTaeninrf 


ndcls  a  Mc*is*ry  cM«*q«wiMs  to  O*  nil* 
imuM.iifMmmdlhu ttmUmmntr.  i*-rer«aMapl«,aa 
•etiea  W  IXMnr  10  iwMvar  a  ban*,  aad  a  Awl  JatooK 
■SalMtbta,  h  ao  Wm  aa  actlMi  by  PtMr,  MUuSwe. 
tar  af  Paul,  t«  recovsr  th*  *mb«  ban*.  S  Co.  jt,  A  {  4 
T.R.4»»;(»M*aa.liU.i«4i4C.B.*«.  ' 


EVIDENCE. 


I 


dcncR  of  the  wUneuci,  and  any  itatementi 
which  the  pi  itonck*  may  see  fit  to  make.  If  no 
probable  catwe  of  the  ruilt  of  (he  pritoner  ap- 
pean,  he  it  ditchargeS  from  arreat.  If  turn- 
cient  caute  of  euapicion  appean  to  warrant 
putting  him  on  trial,  he  is  committed,  or  re- 
quiretfto  give  ball  or  enter  Into  a  recognisance 
to  appear  at  the  pro,jer  time  for  tAu.  The 
w!tnes«e»  are  alio  Irequentl/  required  to  recog- 
nize for  their  appearance,  though  in  ordinary 
cases  onljr  their  personal  recMnlzancc  it  re- 
quired. The  maeittrate  certinet  the  minutes 
of  the  evidence  which  he  hat  taken,  and  it  it 
delivered  or  trantmitted  to  the  court  before 
whom  the  trial  it  to  be  had.  See  Lxajdino 
QUBrriONS,  and  Witnkss3.<),  below. 

The  examination  rhould  be  taken  and  com- 
pleted at  toon  a*  the  nature  of  the  cue  will 
•dmii  *  The  prisoner  mu»t  not  be  piit  upon 
oath  (except  where  by  statute  he  b  competent 
to  testifyi  and  then  only  when  he  voluntarily 
eontenu),  the  witnesses  roust.*  The  prisoner 
hu  no  right  to  the  assistance  of  an  attorney, 
but  the  privilege  is  granted  in  the  discretion 
of  the  magistrate.*  The  magistrate's  return 
and  certificate  are  conclusive  evidence,  and 
exclude  parol  evidence  of  what  the  prisoner 
Skid  on  that  occasion  with  reference  to  the 
charge.*    See  Contusions,  above. 

Examination,  Ciioai.  See  Witncssss, 
below. 

Examination,  Dikict.  See  Witnissis, 
below. 

Examination  in  CMinr.  See  Witnosks, 
below. 

Examination,  Rboikict.  SeeWiTNBSiis, 
below. 

BXAMINED  COPIB8.  or  papers  which 
are  copies  of  records,  public  books  or  registers, 
which  have  been  compared  with  the  originals,* 
are  admitted  in  evidence  because  of  tne  pu*^ 
lie  inconvenience  whicii  w<Bild  arise  if  such 
records,  puUic  books,  or  TCgikten,  were  re- 
moved from  place  to  pbce,  and  because  any 
fraud  or  mistake  made  \n  the  eaamincd  copy 
would  be  so  easily^  detet^.'  But  in  an  answer 
in  chancery  oil  wUd^  the  defendant  was  in- 
dicted for  peijnry,  or  where  the  original  must 
be  prodncM  in  oider  to  identify  t^e  patty  by 
proof  of  handwriting,  aa  examined  copy  would 
not  be  evidence.* 

See  Coruts,  above. 

ExKMruncATioN.  See  title,  AtrntniTl- 
cation,  ante. 

BXPBRT8.  Those  who  we  skilled  by  ex- 
perience. Witnesces  who  are  admittfld  to  testify 
oa  acoonnt  of  their  pecaliar  knowledge  of  to.ne 
an  or  science  requisite  pr  of  vnlna  in  Mttling  *he 
point  in  issue.  Such  penons  are  ■elected  b^  the 
court  or  {tuties  in  a  cause,  <>ii  aceoibnt  of  their 

t  fSm.  Ev.  va7  »•  pM  ft  K.  MTi   I  B.  ft  C  sti 

ft  P.  i«»:  y  M.  fl«7>  •  N.<es{  i  M.ftM.faj;  t 
Usvw.  lit.  e-i  CMwb  4eb-  *■*  Cr««nl.  Br.  I  oi :  i 
StfHrie  Bv.  il^iyire-i  l<«*d. ft  R.  >•}.    IHurlin 


|.SlllcJiLa4Kv. 


4aB.    i-B«tBv.|j«ft. 


^1 


knowledge  or  skill,  to  examine,  estimate,  and 
ascertain,  and  report  their  opinions.*  l'«rsont 
profestlonally  acquainted  with  the  Miencc  or 
practice  in  question.*  Persont  conversant  with 
the  suhject-maitcr  or  questions  of  science,  skill, 
trade,  and  the  likci  are  thui  telected,  and  their 
opinions  received  in  evidence  upon  points  in 
issue. 

See  Opinions  ;  WiTNEssEr,  below. 

EXTRACTS.  In  genrral  »n  extract  is 
not  evidenc;,  because  the  wkeU  of  the  writing 
iniy  explain  the  part  extracted,  so  as  to  give  it 
a  different  sense ;  but  sometimes  extracts  frnm 
public  books  are  evidence;  m  extracts  from 
the  registers  oi'  births,  marriages,  and  bilrisis, 
kept  according  to  law,  when  the  whole  of  the 
matter  has  been  extracted  which  reUtes  to  the 
cause  or  matter  in  issue. 

BXTRIN8IC  BVIDBNCB  is  external 
evidence,  or  that  which  is  not  contained  in  the 
IxKly  of  an  agreement,  contract,  and  the  like. 

It  is  a  general  rule  that  extrinsic  evidence  can- 
not be  admitted  to  contradict,  explain,  vary,  or 
change  the  terms  of  a  contract,  or  ofa  will,  except 
ina  latent  ambiguity,  orto  rebut  a  resulting  trust.' 

Eye- Witness.    See  Witnesses,  below. 

PACTS.  Fact  is  used  in  distinction  from 
law.  Thtis  in  every  case  to  be  tried  there  are 
facts  to  be  shown  to  exist  to  which  the  law  is 
to  be  applied.  Material  facts  are  facta  essen- 
tial id  the  right  of  action  or  defence.  Material 
facts  must  be  vhown  to  exist.  Immaterial  fads 
need  not.  Th«  existence  of  facts  is  generally 
determined  by  the  jury,  but  tlwre  are  many 
facts  of  whidi  the  courts  take  oogninnce.  See 
title,  Acts,  ante;  and  Ji;oiaAL  Rbooonition,' 
PkEstmrrioN,  below, 

HANDWRITING     When  it  is  neces- 

nto  prove  tliat  a  certain  invtrument  or  name 
I  the  handwriting  of  a  particular  person; 
this  is  done  either  bf  the  testimony  of  a  wit- 
ness, who  saw  the  paper  or  signature  actually 
written,  or  by  one  who  has  by  sufficient  means 
acquired  such  a  knowledge  of  the  general 
character  of  the  handwriting  of  the  party  as 
will  enable  him  to  swear  to  nis  belief  tliat  the 
handwriting  of  the  psnon  is  the  handwriting 
iaquestion!' 

The  mode  of  didnoing  evidence  oif  the 
authenticity  of  a  written'  instrument  in,  by 
showing  the  likeness  of  the  handwriting  Uf  that 
of  another  instrument  proved  to  l>e  that  Of  the 
party  wIkmu  it  is  sought  to  establish  as  the 
author  of  tlie  instrument  in  qvestion.*  At 
common  ]aw,  as  a  general  rale,  this  manner 
of  obtaining  evidence  was  not  allor  ed.  There 
were  exc^ions  to  tliis  rale.  i.  Wlieitt  the 
wriUi^  were  at  inch  -antiqui^  tluit  living 
witnesaea  could  not  be  procured,  bat  wer^  not 
old  enooi^  to  prove  themsdvca.*    *.  YthfUe 


Ch.  14 


I,  to  esuntne,  mlfmatt,  an<) 
lit  their  opinlont.*  Venom 
ftintcd  with  the  Mience  or 
I.*  Person*  convenuint  with 
>r  questions  of  science,  ticill, 
•re  thus  telectcii,  and  Iheir 
In  evidence  upon  point*  in 

WiTNitssEf:,  below. 

In  general  »n  extnct  it 
i*e  the  wAo/e  of  the  wrilin;; 
rt  extracted,  *o  U  to  give  it 
Aut  sometimes  extract*  from 
evidence;  a*  extract*  fruni 
tht,  marriages,  and  bitriaJH, 
Ihw,  when  che  whole  of  the 
traded  which  relate*  to  the 
issue. 

BVIDBNCB  U  external 
hich  is  not  contained  in  the 
tnt,  contract,  and  the  like. 
!  that  extrinsic  evidence  can- 
contradict,  explain,  vary,  or 
a  contract,  or  Ma  will,  except 
'.  orto rebut  a  resultinK trust.* 
See  WiTNKSsn,  below, 
i*  u*ed  in  dittinction  from 
y  ca*e  to  be  tried  there  are 
>  exist  to  which  the  law  is 
Uerial  facts  are  fact*  essen- 
«tion  or  defence.  Material 
1  to  exist.  Immaterfatl  (acts 
btence  of  fact*  is  gnwrally 

jury,  but  there  are  many 
lourtx  take  cogntfance.  See 
id  JUOiaAL  KB(»ONITION; 
IW. 

INa.  When  It  ii  neces- 
certain  inotrument  orname 
ng  of  a  particular  person; 
oy  the  testimony  or  a  wit- 
paper  or  signature  actually 
irho  has  bjr  sufficient  means 
inpwiedge  of  the  general 
tndwriting  of  the  party  a.^ 
swear  to  his  belief  that  the 
person  is  the  kandwritini; 

lidu^ing  evidence  cif  the 
writtetf  instrument  (*,  by 
»  of  the  handwriting  Uf  that 
mt  proved  to  Im  that  of  the 
looght  to  establish  as  the 
trument  in  question.*  At 
general  rale,  this  mimner 
ce  was  not  aUwrcd.  There 
I  this  rule.  I.  When  the 
rach  -uuiqnitjr  th»t  living 
be  practtred,  but  wciv  not 
ve  themadiveR.*    a.  Where 

t  Id.  *^  l-t  MR.  Kv.  4t'; 
Cm. til ;  ilehB*.  144 ;  te M- 


EVIDENCE. 


443 


other  writings  admitied  to  be  genuine  were 
already  in  the  case.* 

The  rule  on  the  lubject  of  admitting  docu- 
ments irrelevant  to  the  mntler  in  issue  for  the 
purpose  of  comparison  of  handwriting  i*  not 
settled  unirormly. 

HEARSAY  i*  the  evidence,  not  of  what 
the  witness  knows  bimielf,  but  of  what  he  ho* 
hesrd  from  others.  That  kind  of  eviden.  e 
which  does  not  derive  its  value  solely  from  the 
credit  to  be  given  to  the  witnes*  himself,  but 
r.-»t*  also,  in  part,  on  the  veracity  and  compe- 
tency of  some  other  person.' 

Such  mere  recitals  or  assertions  cannot  be 
received  In  evidence,  for  many  reasons,  but 
princi^lly  for  the  following: 

t.  That  the  parly  making  such  declaration* 
is  not  under  oath ;  and, 

a.  Because  the  party  againtt  whom  it  oper. 
«le*  has  no  opportunity  of  cross-examination." 
The  general  rule  excluding  hea. say  evidence 
doe*  not  apply  to  those  declaratiuns  to  which 
the  party  li  privy,  or  to  admisalsn*  which  he 
himself  ha*  made. 

The  term  hearuy  evidence  applies  to  written 
as  well  as  oral  matter ;  but  the  writing  or  words 
are  not  necessarily  hearsay  because  those  of  a 
penon  not  under  oath.  Thus:  information  on 
which  one  haa  acted  ;•  conversation  of  a  pereon 
suspected  of  insanity;*  replies  to  inquiries;* 
general  reputation ;<  expreisions  of  feeling;' 
general  repute  in  the  family  in  questions  of 
pedigrees*  entries  nude  by  third  persons  in 
the  discharge  of  official  duties;*  entries  in  a 
party'*  shop-book,"  or  other  book*  kept  in  the 
regular  course  of  business;*  and  Indorsements 
of  partial  payments*  are  admissible  a*  original 
evidence  under  the  circumstances,  and  for  par- 
ticular purposes. 

A*  a  general  rule,  hearsay  reports  of  a  tran- 
saction, whether  oral  or  written,  are  not  ad- 
miMible  in  evidence."  The  rule  applies  to 
evidence  given  under  oath  in  ft  cause  betneen 
other  litigating  parties.' 

Mattel*  relating  to  puUio  interest,  as  for 
examine,  a  claim  to  a  ferry  or  highway,  may  be 
proved  by  hearsay  testimony;*  but  the  matter 
in  amtroveisy  most  be  of  public  interest;*  the 
declaraOons  most  be  those  of  persons  supposed 


,„ .  ■•5.5 •  t  ^-  **» !  ilP"»-  «•    •»  Han.  Ecd. 


!.«•»•  S»« ;  'feed. jo:  see 4s lf<i. jm.   a-iiV^ 
^-*K.lDi:  isKasLag;   4Raad.<n:   iDavTAB. 

OactMuvMMS.   t^j  B.ftAd.190:  1  Blnfh.(N.  O 
U.  ft  R.  3472  Mdswl  Wheal.  316;    isMMTaSo:  6 


to  be  dead,*  and  must  have  been  made  before 
the  controversy  arose.*  The  rule  extends  to 
deeds,  leases,  and  other  private  documents,* 
maps,'  and  verdicts.'  Ancient  documents  pur- 
porting  to  be  a  part  of  the  rts gaitt  are  also  ad- 
miiinible,  although  the  parties  to  the  suit  are  not 
bound.* 

See  Deci  ARATIONS,  above. 

IDENTITY  of  the  things  in  question  must 
be  proved  in  larceny,  replevin,  and  trover.* 
.So,  too,  the  identity  of  articles  taken  or  injured 
must  be  proved  in  all  indictments  where  taking 
property  is  the  gist  of  the  offence,  and  in  ac- 
tions of  tort  for  damage  to  specific  property. 
Many  cases  occur  In  which  identity  mu^it  b« 
proved  in  regard  to  either  persons  or  things, 
the  question  is  sometimes  one  of  great  practical 
difficulty,  as  in  ca.se  of  the  death  of  strangers, 
reappearance  after  long  absence,  and  the  like  • 

IMPEACHMENT  is  proof  th.it  »  witness 
who  has  been  examined  i*  unworthy  of  belief. 
Every  witness  is  liable  to  be  impeached  as  to 
his  character  for  truth;  and,  if  his  general 
character  I*  good,  he  i*  presumM  at  afl  times 
to  be  ready  to  support  it  J 

See  Witnesses,  below. 

Inadmissible  Evidence.  See  Parol  Evi- 
DKNCK,  below. 

iNajNCLUsivE  Evidence.  See  PxEstJMP- 
TloNs,  below. 

IN  CHIBP.  Evidence  in  chief  should  be 
confined  to  such  matter*  a*  the  pleadings  and 
the  opening  warranu;  and  a  departure  from 
thi*  rule  will  be  sometimes  very  inconvenient, 
if  not  fatal.  Suppose,  for  example,  two  assaults 
nave  been  committed,  one  in  January  and  one 
in  February,  and  the  plaintiflT  prove  his  cause 
of  action  to  have  been  the  assault  in  January, 
he  cannot  abandon  that,  and  afterwards  prove 
another  committed  in  February,  unlea  the 
pleadings  and  openings  extend  to  both.*  The 
object  of  this  is,  to  prevent  the  plaintiff  from 
introducing  in  evidence  a  different  case  from 
the  one  which  he  had  prepared  the  defendant 
to  expect  from  the  pleadings. 

Indicia.    See  Identity,  above. 

INDIRBCT  BVIDBNCB  is  thai  which 
does  not  prove  the  bet  in  question  directly,  but 

•tuM. 


Ad.  &  E.  M;  3  Ompb  3S5J  a  Wh«it.  3,0:  15  .»«»» 

--<.    >6N.  V.  ai;    llows,  ,«;    14  U.  An.  830: 
•v      .,j.     ».,  tag,    .,»,.  t  IS.  $4;  3  T.  R.  «: 

*S«»9!    >t.rM.  ftk.M9!    t^CoiOi 


A 

"^i  B. 

/M  « 

'>••    *->3V««  t.n.  314:  jCaiapb.  4i 

s Moor* ft  ?.«*■•  igConn.tjo.    f-i  Eat..  ,  ,.  ^..„. 
i?»;.„9,KB^i.  46s ;   K)  Ad.  ft  E.  151 :  7  C.  ft  iTiii! 


rsT.  R.  413, «. .•  s  Wee,  318  j  4  Pick.  160 ;  ■«•  •  C. 
n--i**"   9l?''»i.9!*-  «*3:    >  Harr.  ftj.  174:   4 


^•••••_4S»-..  i>>-  V  Wee,  ifaj    I  <Sr».  i  fe    ..i. 

t:  -I  H.  jir    d. 

«Moor«ftP.«,5.  ijConn.tw.    f-i  K1.1. ,  7 :  cirth? 


-    rHJJMM 


Mni 


■VIOKNOI. 


J 


M«  from  whic't  iiHiw^l;  Tad  iSMf  t>i  ]ir«<t)»n«'d. 
It  U  infcreiuia'i  fviiif >><!!«  ait  lo  (V.t  trvih  .'.  t 
disputed  fact,  m  ty  ^wltif  ny  of  an?  -  ■:«»* 
lo  the  fact,  bi'A  ly  Cjii'vtaral  --rflumj  *s'  i-t» 
asccrt>   icd  hy  c-r.4Mv8t«nJ  in«»:i*.' 

INi'ERBNCF:^  are  conclvaloni  wim-n 
from  pri;.  >!i»c«  ctua>:»hed  by  proof.  It  is  (he 
nrovincc  of  rV*  judge  who  ii  to  decide  upon 
Lets  to  dr«w  the  inference.  When  the  facta 
lire  aiibmiit'td  lo  the  ,'o»rt,  the  judge  or  Judg^^ 
«^raw  the  inference ;  «<'iiefl  th*y  *Jr^  i-o  b<)  aMer< 
^:)ined  </  •  JLVi  it  i*  their  (6>ny  'j  do  so. 
'^'^  ''.ne«'-(»  ari  >to(,  vb  a  fcciera!  tuU^  ;v;'«mi'ted 
to  dr».«i  an  nffi^nce  ««» jiwi,,  teilif/  *fc«;h  in< 
ferenc«  fo  ti .'  court  «  f«  ?Trs  ii  U  <*»«!<■  <lui/  to 
itate  th<'  faeiv  .simplf  »(  '  ey  occurred. 

Inferecoc*  ui^fer  ?>•'««  ^>resumptioni. 

INSCRIPTIONS  upon  tomlMtone*,  t\ng», 
.and  the  lilie,  are  held  to  be  evidence  of  pedi- 
gree." 

See  Dkct   'nations;  HBARtAV,  above. 

INTBR.<^  I^BTBRS  may  be  sworn  to  tes- 
tify (and  m.i^.<  translations)  whenever  neces- 
sary.* Th«v  should  be  sworn  before  they 
translate  the  i'^  imony  of  witnesses.*  A  person 
employed  b<A«k<^on  ao  attorney  and  client  to 
act  as  an  inte?  •  «:er,  is  considered  merely  as 
an  organ  beiwtt  »i  iheun,  and  cannot  be  com- 
pelleoto  testify  i^.  to  what  he  kaa  acquired  in 
those  confidential  ^Mmtnunlcations.' 

iNTUtKOGATOAr  fJ.    Sc«  title  EQUITY,  ante. 

IsitELEVANT  EviDENOt  is  that  which  docs 
not  support  th<  issue,  and  which  may  therefore 
be  excluded. 

JUDQB8  an  not  allowed  to  testify  to  what 
was  made  known  to  them,  or  Sook  diaoe  before 
them  in  the  hearing  of  causes.*  They  are  not 
competent  witncsaaa  ia  a  cause  being  tried  b> 
foK  them,  for,  among  other  reasooa,  thcr  can 
hardly  be  deemed  eaoable  of  impattially  occid- 
ing  upon  the  admisubility  of  their  own  testi- 
mony, or  weiehing  it  against  4hat  of  another.' 

JUMB*'  N<ym>-wliich  usually  oontaiti  a 
statement  of  the  testimony  of  witncssea,  of 
documents  offered  cr  admitted  in  evidence,  or 
offers  of  evidence  and  whether  it  waa  noeived 
or  retected,  and  Uke  mfMam—mn  not  evkieace 
of  what  transpired  at  a  former  trial,  nor  caa 
they  be  read  to  prove  what  a  deceased  witness 
swore  to  on  audi  former  trial;  for  &qr  ar«  no 
part  of  thfl  seeord,  and  he  la  not  officialtv 
bound  to  make  then.  But  la  cbancery,  when 
a  new  trial  k-  ordlcred  of  an  iaaue  sent.out  of 
chancery  IP  >  '><rt  of  law,  and  alto,  pctlwpa, 
where  wi^.  i  a  fomer  trial  are  cf  an  ad- 
vanced v',  A.i  ort^r  may  ho  nude  that,  in 
ev.-  -^  r1  9-  «  «r  inability  tonttond,  their  leati- 
nonf  %   '--Mi  «Vmb  jodftes'  notes.* 

J'      .      -2.   NOTICE  OR   RBGOO- 
Nr .  : :  '<*,    'lliere  are  divsn  things  of  which 
iudiciai  notice,  witbout  tbe  itaHty 
^*v.4  by  the  partiea:  such  as  the 

«rin»Cil$.  Ev.  ■4:^B«l  Sw.  si. 


coint« 
daetkv 


I-tL „ 

Id.    i^s  rtu 


Ev.  i  M.  Jpa-Bulkf  N.  F 
i)V«i.  Ch.  i«t>    SI- 


:  U;i  Id.  >»:  St^imt  IM.    •- 


territorial  extent  of  their  Jurisdiction,  local  di- 
viiions  of  their  own  countriei,  kcals  of  juktice, 
courts  of  general  jiiriMliction,  their  judges,  their 
scaii,  their  r-lcs  and  maxims  in  the  adminii- 
tralion  ot  }  vice,  their  routso  of  proceeding, 
public  acts,  iaw«,  etc.  If  the  judge  or  juMicc 
needs  information  on  subjects,  he  will  seek  it 
from  such  sources  as  he  Ueenis  authentic' 

All  courts,  tribenals,  and  officers,  shall  lake 
notice  of  the  official  tignature  of  any  ofiicer  of 
the  State,  of  the  United  biatcs,  or  of  any  iiuia 
or  Territory  in  the  United  States.*  ^ 

The  several  courts  of  the  Commonwealth 
take  Judicial  notice  of  all  acts  and  resolipiions 
of  the  General  Assembly.* 

Although  a  private  act  may  not  be  read  in 
evidence,  yet  it  it  manifestly  appear  that  it  wu 
relied  on  in  the  court  b*tow,  the  court  of  ap- 
peals will  lakejudicial  notice  of  it.* 

LAWS.  The  existence  and  the  tenor  or 
effect  of  all  foreign  laws,  beyond  the  limits  of 
the  United  States,  may  be  proved  by  the  parol 
evidence  of  persona  learned  in  those  law*. 
But  if  it  appear  that  the  taw  in  question  it 
contained  in  a  wriitsn  statute,  the  court  may 
reject  such  parol  evidence,  unlau  it  be  accom- 
panied by  a  copy  of  the  statute. 

The  printed  laws  of  the  United  States,  or  of 
any  State  or  Territory,  which  kavs  been  or 
shall  be  received  in  tM  secretary's  (iir  other 
authorised)  office  of  thia  Sute,  and  which  hu 
been  printed  under  the  authority  of  the  United 
Statea,  of  such  Slate  or  Territory,  or  a  copy 
thereof,  when  duly  certified  by  the  aecretary 
of  such  State,  mar  be  admitted  and  received 
M  evidence  of  such  laws. 

Any  printed  volume  or  pampklet  of  laws  of 
any  State  or  Territory,  showing  on  ita  bee  that 
it  was  publisbed  by  authority  of  ttKh  State  or 
Territoty,  it/r'MM  /uu  evidence  of  th«  laws 
contained  taeirein. 

Every  act  of  the  legislature  of  any  one  of  the 
States  or  Territories  of  the  United  Statea,  certi- 
fied by  th«  lecreUry,  and  having  the  aeal  of  the 
Slate  or  Terrteory  affixed  tiiereto,  it  deemed 
authentic,  and  reecivos  iUl  bith  an4  credit 
when  ofliired  in  evidence  in  nny  coa*t. 

The  nnwritten  or  coannMn  law  of  aov  other 
State,  Territory  (or  foreign  go»ommai>t),  may 
be  proved  aa  facts  by  parol  evidence. 

The  book"  of  repotta  of  cafe*  a^udaM  in 
their  coons  will  alto  bt  admitlcd  in  evidence 
of  snch  law. 

Elementary  works  on  law  are  not  admitilUe 
in  evidence  aa  to  what  tba  law  ia.* 

Cowtt  are  not  to  take  notice,  n-tgirh,  of 
the  laws  of  ol)i«r  States.  When  a  question  de- 
pends on  the  laws  of  a  sister  Stale,  such  laws 
are  a  part  of  Ibe  evidence  in  the  caae,  and,  like 
anr  oMter  fiict.  mcA  be  proved  by  Um  wlui 
holds  UM  affirmative.' 

•-I  Gr«*al  Bv.f  149.  v-*  Maitia<II.  8.)siti  *  Csi. 
—       -    '"—  f>«.  OwrMfit  4):   Bw.  JiAr.  Ctmrta 

tbiOneai. 
tar 


I 


lEv.' I M.    ft-fM  t OMenl.' Bv.r.  a.    ««9nllf jmrm. 


(MMMfenK^VllHMaW 


MWlWilrfl 


r  th«tr  Juriidictinn,  local  dt- 
n  countrlet,  Mali  of  juklice, 
riidiiilun,  their  juctgei,  their 
i\di  roaiimt  in  the  iu]iniiii«' 
Ihcir  couttc  of  procccdiii);, 
lie.  If  the  judge  or  jiuiilc 
on  Mibjcctt,  he  will  teck  it 
LS  he  tleemi  authentic* 
lalt,  and  officerrt,  thall  take 
1  aignalure  uf  anv  oflicer  of 
ilted  State*,  or  of  any  Utata 
United  State*.*  ' 

rti  of  the  Commonwealih 

of  all  acta  and  reidiiiions 
embly.* 

X*  act  may  not  bt  road  in 
nanifcatly  apoear  that  it  wai 
>urt  b^low,  tna  CMut  of  a|>' 
cial  notic*  of  it.* 
eaiatence  and  the  tenor  or 
I  lawn,  beyond  the  limit*  of 
nay  he  proved  b»  Ihe  parol 
•a  learned  in  tnote  'aw<. 
lat  the  law  in  queitlon  i» 
ittan  ttatute.  the  cotirt  may 
idencc,  unlaa*  It  b«  accom- 
'  tha  Matute. 

at  the  United  State*,  or  of 
tory,  which  havs  been  or 
n  tM  secretary'*  (or  other 
r  this  Sute,  and  which  hu 
tlM  aiuhority  of  the  United 
M  or  Territory,  er  a  copy 

certified  by  tiM  aecrtlary 

be  admitted  and  tec«ived 

law*. 

me  or  punpUet  of  lawi  of 
ry,  tbowing  on  it*  foco  that 

authority  of  aiKh  Slate  or 
/lui*  evidrac*  of  tho  law* 

csitlature  of  any  one  of  the 
I  of  the  United  Slate*,  oeiti- 
,  and  having  the  aeal  of  the 
■ffiaed  thoireto,  1$  doemed 
elves  fiill  Ckith  and  cfodit 
lence  in  nay  cout 
con«MNi  law  of  aoy  other 
fonign  goivotnwwirt),  may 
y  parol  evidence, 
post*  of  caves  a^ivdajed  in 
M  be  admitted  In  evidence 

s  on  taw  are  not  admisaiUe 
hat  the  law  is.* 
9  take  notice,  n-»0Uh%  of 
ates.  When  a  question  de- 
if  a  sistcf  Stale,  such  law* 
idtnoe  in  the  ease,  and,  like 
It  be  proved  by  Um  who 


S.)|»]  aOJ. 


U' 


w*  Martta<(ll 
Iwrttm  4l:    [ 
■9<:  SMTjrCeaM.    iKiOrNal 
ml.  Bv.r.  a.    ailetSMTina*. 
\1.    BisCIIP.nt* 


ArNal. 
..Tuva*. 


■VIUINUB. 


441 


Comts  or  amy  Act,  Law,  on  Rpsolution 
coni..iiied  in  the  iNrniicd  Uuluie-Jmuk*  of  the 
.Suirt  and  TerriHwie*  of  the  United  Stain, 
purporting  to  be  printed  liy  aalhoriiy,  and 
wiiith  are  now,  or  may  lie  herealller,  cle()oiited 
ill  the  office  of  the  icijretary  of  any  .Stale,  and 
required  by  law  to  be  kept  there,  certified  under 
Ihe  hand  and  *eal  of  office  of  aucb  secrciary, 
may  U  admitted  aa  evidence. 

I'RiNTIuCuriKSOFTHeOKDINANCtS.RcSO- 

WTioNs.  UuLu.  OROKis,  and  Bylaws  of 
siiy  city  or  incorporated  town,  pablikhed  by 
authority  of  such  city  or  iitcvrporaled  town,  and 
ni«nui«;ript  copies  of  the  tame,  certified  under 
Ihe  h'nd  of  Ihe  iiroper  officer,  and  having  the 
forportiU  seal  of  such  city  or  town  affijrvd 
thereto^  may  be  received  a*  evidence. 

Lka(>ino  Casu.    See  title  Autuokitiis. 
•nte 

LBADINO  QUBSTIONa,  or  queMion* 
which  put  into  the  witne**'*  mouth  the  word* 
to  be  echoed  back,  or  *ugge*t  the  anvwers 
which  the  party  wkhc*  to  get  from  him,"  can- 
not, in  general,  be  pat  to  a  witnesa  in  hi*  ex- 
ifflinatioa  in  chief.*  But  in  an  examination  in 
chief,  qu«slians  may  be  pnt  to  lead  the  mind  of 
lbs  witness  to  the  subject  of  inquiry,  and  they 
tie  allowed  when  it  appears  the  witness  wishes 
to  coaoael  the  traih,  or  to  favor  the  opposite 
party,  or  w'  3i«,  from  Mm  nature  of  the  case, 
the  mind  of  the  witness  cannot  be  direcHd  to 
Ihe  snbject  of  inquiiv  without  a  particular 
ipccificalioa  of  snch  sutjcct.* 

la  ;rass-eiianiination,  ihe  emminer  has  gen- 
erslly  the  rig^  to  pnt  leading  qnestions.k 
See  WiTNiisn.  below. 
LOiT    PAMRS.     When   agreements, 
contracts,  deeds,  wills,  and  tha  likeliave  l>een 
lost,  and  it  is  desfaed  to  prove  their  contents, 
the  party  mast  prove  that  he  haa  made  diligent 
March,  and  in  good  faith  exhausted  all  source* 
of  information  accessible  to  him.     For  this  pur- 
pose his  own  affidaeit  Is  suiicient.*    Onbeins 
Mlisfied  efthia,  the  court  wUI  allow  secondary 
evkknce  to  be  given  of  their  oontenta. 
See  title  Awyimvitb,  ante. 
MAMiruT    See   COMcuwivg  Eviobnck, 
above. 

MBDICAL  BVIDBNCB  is  that  given 
hy  phvsfcans  and  sarRsons  fai  their  professional 
ctpadiy.  The  evidence  of  a  medical  wUness 
>  strictly  that  of  an  espert.<  A  professional 
witness  riMMrid  not  be  permitted  to  make  up  nn 
opinioii  to  be  ghen  in^vidcnce  fiom  what 
other  witwsssM  taf  of  th«  facte  in  the  case, 
because  he  would  thw  take  *o  place  of  the 
jury  as  to  the  oredibilily  of  the  wHncss,  and 
also  determine  whnt  put  oT  the  tesUmony  of 
other  witnesses  applies  lo  the  oaae,  a  dnty  that 
klofigs  to  the  court  <•  If  the  symptoms  and 
indications  testified  to  bjr  other  witnesses  are 


ji.A*. 


si.<w>>ai4. 


li*d.Sv.a|}t  to  Hew.  rr.  tV;  sVoaa-iMTs 


proved,  snd  if  Ihe  Jury  are  taiislird  of  Ihe 
truth  of  them,  the  qu.ktlon  it,  whether  in  hit 
(ihe  wiincu'K^  opinion,  the  parly  w.ii  intane, 
and  what  is  the  nature  and  charoitcr  of  that 
ln*anity,  and  what  did  they  in.licnte,  and 
what  would  he  (the  wilnew)  e»pect  would  be 
the  condition  of  tuch  a  perton  in  any  kuppmed 
clrcumttance."*  Under  ihit  rule  the  medical 
witnei*  pmtei  upon  lhe':ondition  of  Ihe  iieriun 
whote  condition  it  at  ittue.  To  do  it  correctly 
he  mutt  hear  all  the  evidence  that  the  jury 
heart  j  he  mutt  judge  as  to  the  relevance  of 
the  evidence  of  others;  he  mutt  make  an 
application  of  Ihe  facU  that  legally  bear  upon 
the  cate  to  it,  and  reject  all  othei^  i  in  thotl, 
he  i«  judge  and  jury  in  Ihe  cate. 

It  it  not  the  province  of  the  expert  to  draw 
inferencet  of  fact  from  the  evidence,  but  lim- 
I)ly  lo  (Ijiclote  hit  opinion  on  a  known  or  hypo- 
ihelicar  state  of  facts.  For  Ihit  purpose  the 
couniel  on  each  tide  put  to  the  phyiiictan*  tuch 
ttatet  of  fact  at  they  deem  warranted  by  the 
evidence,  and  take  their  opinions  thereon.  If 
any  of  these  ttatet  of  fact  are  considered  proved, 
then  the  opiniont  are  admitsible  to  be  weighed 
by  the  jury,  olherwite  their  opiniont  are  not 
applicable  lo  the  cate.'  The  attention  of  the 
wilnet*  being  called  to  a  definite  state  of  fact*. 
con.titu«ne  a  hypothetical  cote,  hit  opinion  is 
then  uncmbanraticd  by  any  collateral  quettiont 
or  contiderationt,  and  the  jury,  under  the  in- 
ttruction*  of  the  court,  determines  how  far  Ihe 
facte  luitein  the  hypothetical  case,  and,  conse- 
quently, how  far  the  opinion  of  the  witneu 
applies  to  ihe  caae  under  invetiigation.s 

A  medical  witness  is  not  a  privileged  wit- 
ness (iinless  so  made  by  sUtule),  for  where  the 
ends  of  juslioe  absolutely  require  a  ditcloture, 
a  medical  witneu  ia  not  only  bound,  but  may 
be  cooipelled,  to  give  evidence  on  all  mattert 
that  Will  enlighten  the  cate.  If  a  medical 
man  was  to  voiunterily  reveal  these  secrets,  to 
be  sura  he  would  be  guUty  oJ  a  breach  of 
honor  and  of  great  indiierelion ;  but  to  give 
that  information  which,  by  the  la«i  of  the  land. 
he  is  bound  to  do,  will  never  be  imputed  to 
him  any  indisaetion  whatever. 

Medical  books  are  not  receiv«d  in  evidence. 
They  are  subject  to  the  same  rale  that  applies 
to  scientific  and  other  professional  books, 
r.**?  J?f  fiei^ntary  woi[ks  on  law  are  not 
admisaible  in  evidence  as  to  what  the  law  is  * 
Facte  or  odnions  on  the  subject  of  insanity,  as 
on  ai^  other  subject,  cannot  be  hid  down 
before  the  jury  esoapt  by  the  testimony  under 
oath  of  persons  skilled  in  such  matters. 
Whether  stated  in  the  language  of  the  court  or 
of  the  counsel  in  a  former  cas^,  or  cited  from 
books  of  Iqal  or  medical  writeni,  they  are  still 
sistemente  of  facte,  and  must  be  proved  on 
ootl^  etc.* 


Ckand. 


i|«;  *0M«.4s*:  *f  K.H.  iwj  i 
.OMk.  •■•:  I  PWH.  E».  It 


Wand. !}«: 
Smith  L, 


tCoi.27 ift^l'TI^  fi'Co^crdv.s.wi. 


EVIDKNCS. 


NAnmAL  1>iiui>MrTi(>N«.     Sm  PnuvMr* 

TlVt  KVIUKNCR,  lielow. 

NKWLY-DISCOVBRBD    BVI- 

DBNCB  will  •irurd  ground  for  a  n«>w  trial; 
but  cuurtt  only  inierfer«  with  verdicts  for  thi« 
ciUM  undar  very  tficcial  circurn»l«ncm.  To 
cntitU  th«  part*  to  relief,  certain  well-defined 
condition*  are  indiiipentable.  It  it  a  rule  lub- 
jcct  to  rare  exceptions,  and  applied  perhaps 
with  more  stringency  in  criminal  than  in  civil 
cases,  that  the  sole  object  of  the  new  evidence 
must  b«  to  impeach  or  contradict  wiinetnes 
sworn  on  a  former  trial.'  It  must  not  merely 
multiply  testimony  to  any  one  or  more  facts 
alreaay  inveiti^ated,  but  must  bring  to  light 
some  new  and  independent  truth  of  a  different 
character^  it  must  M  a  point  before  in  issue, 
f  nd  b«  so  material  as  to  impress  the  court  with 
the  belief  that  if  a  new  trial  were  granted,  the 
mmlt  would  probably  be  different  ;*  it  must  not 
have  been  known  to  t  ne  party  until  aAer  the  trial  ' 
•nd  the  least  fault  in  not  procuring  and  using 
it  at  the  trial  must  not  be  imputable  to  him." 
OATHS.    An  oath  is  an  outward  pledge 

Sven  by  th«  person  taking  it,  that  hi*  attesta- 
Mi,  or  promise,  is  made  under  an  immediate 
sense  of  hi*  responsibility  to  God.*  Before 
testifying,  the  witnets  ia  sworn  to  tntifv  to  the 
tivth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the 
tivth.  The  mode  of  adminiatering  the  oath 
must  be  such  a*  may  be  most  coiuutept  with, 
and  binding  on  the  conscience  of  tke  witnestt. 
It  may  be  varied  to  conlorm  to  the  religious 
belief  of  the  individaal.  so  •>  to  make  it  bind- 
ing on  hit  conadence.*  The  form  of  adminis- 
tenng  the  oath  in  ordinary  ca%es  it  rabatantially 
:hat  of  the  old  Sc^'ck  covenanter*,  omitting 
the  ceremony  of  h,.  lug  the  Bible  open  before 
the  wiinets.  The  Gospela  are  not  now  gener- 
ally used.'  The  witneaa  atandt  with  head  un- 
covered, and  right  hand  uplifted. 

A  Jew  is  awoin  on  the  Pantateuch,  or  Old 
Testament,  with  bit  heed  covered  (<  n  Ma- 
hometan on  the  Koran  {'  n  Qentoo,  by  touching 
with  bis  hand  the  foot  of  u  Bnihaiin,  or  prieat 
of  bis  religion  t  •  Bra^in,  bf  touching  the 
hand  of  another  snot  priest}*  •  Chinafflsn,  by 
breaking  n  chita  saucer)*  Chriitians  are  sworn 
with  their  haU  off,  Jews  with  their  bats  on.« 

The  witness  nay  be  asked  before  be  is 
sworn,  whether  he  considcn  tbe  oath  be  is 
•bout  to  take  as  obligatoty  ifMrn  bis  conscience.* 

1-rBaA.nt:  •  Otait.  <».  |-3iroodb.ftM 

t  Suaja.  C.  C.  4ji  j  •  HcU.  14 1   10  Id.  its    '  " 
119;  t  Jwias.  •«:  15  M.  twi  4  weed. 

iic^'so^^M»'*f'vi  I  ^'i^^L'sSi* 

Orabsai'ft  W.  WewlV.  mis-iiu.v  ai^ylsrOaiKss. 
His  >'a  selswa  lavseaiieeeTtlie  vsagsaaeeef  iheDisliy 
apee  Ike  wtaMSt  ifks  do  Ml  desUqi  the  whels  tiwk,  so 
firMlMkaewall.''  s  Staifcia  1^.  lee.  "AiJujIim 
asseveratteeky  wMchantsoe  riaoiwBSs  <heieet^,aee 
Jmprscaits  the  venoaaace  oflMavea  if  ha  deal  ae«  apeak 
thetiMk."  •  LuS&TCaiu  4*B.  "A rsHghMSMt hf 
wkkh  wt  pef«y  iavekes  Ood  aol  ealy  te  witaMS  me 
fewk  aad  slassHiy  of  hi*  peoaaise,  bet  aisa  M  avaagskia 


ftM.Mt! 

«iiigWo.jMj  JtM.  »«t  4Hih5.'is#j  tX^n, 
17 i  iVt- nt  AB. Manh. i|i|  uld.  w^  k'UidL 
« J  »Vj"M»*iJf»-    !•} w»nrp. C.  1  s  a »nm.  C,  C. 


'»• 


Though  a  wiincse  be  an  attielst,  or  doee  not 
express  what  manner  of  oath  is  most  binding 
upon  his  const  icncc,  yet  If  the  (uurt  administtr 
an  oath  to  him  he  is  bound  by  (hat  «ath(  for 
all  oath*  and  altirnialicms  alike  subject  the 
party  who  fslsifies  them  to  the  pain*  and  pen- 
aliie*  of  f^rjurv. 

In  |eneial,  the  word  "oath"  Include*  "af 
firmalioni"  and  the  word  "swear"  include* 
"  affirm." 

Onus  Prouandi.    See  Puoor,  etc.,  below. 

OPINIONB  are  inferencea  or  conclusion* 
drawn  by  a  witne**  a*  dilatinguiahad  from  Cscis 
known  to  him  a*  facts. 

It  ia  the  province  of  the  jury  to  dr^w  Infer- 
ence* and  conclusions;  and  if  witnesses  were 
in  general  allowed  to  testify  what  thev  judge  as 
well  as  what  they  know,  the  verdict  would 
tmnetimes  prove,  not  the  decision  of  the  jury, 
but  that  or  the  witneseea.  Hence  the  rule 
that,  in  general,  the  witneaa  cannot  be  asked 
hia  opinion  upon  a  particular  questkm.' 

Some  coniHsion  in  the  application  of  this 
rule  ariae*  from  the  delicacy  of  the  line  which 
divides  that  which  i*  to  b«  ragsrded  as  matter 
of  observation  from  that  which  te  matter  of 
judgment  founded  upon  obaervation.  Tbu*, 
an  unprofcuional  witneis  may  tettlfy  to  the 
fact  that  a  person  whom  he  saw  was  intoxicated, 
whether  he  is  able  to  state  all  the' conttiluent 
facu  which  amount  to  drunkenness  or  uotJ 
But,  on  the  other  band,  insanity  or  mental  in- 
capacity cannot,  in  general,  be  proved  bf  the 
mere  assertion  of  an  unproCtssiooal  witness.* 
So,  handwriting  may  be  proved  by  being  leoog- 
nited  by  a  witnesa  who  has  seen  othw  writings 
of  the  party  in  tbe  usual  course  of  busiiMss,  or 
who  has  seen  him  write.*  But,  on  the  olber 
hand,  the  authorship  of  an  anonrsMms  article 


in  a  newspaper  cannot  be  proved  by  oim  pro- 
fessing to  hav( 
style." 


tve  m  knowledge  of  the  uithoi's 


From  neceasity,.u  exception  to  this  rule  of 
excluding  opinions  k  made  in  questions  involv- 
ing matter  ot  sdenee,  art,  or  trade,  where  dtill 
and  knowledge  nossssisd  by  a  witiiess.  paeuUar 
to  the  subject,  give  a  value  u<  hi*  opinion  above 
that  of  any  infinrence  vhich  the  jury  ooukl 
draw  iimn  fiwU  wbidi  ht  might  stale.*  Snch 
a  witness  is  termed  an  cxp«tt|  and  ha  may 
give  his  opinion  la  evidence.  ) 


ifastuM  or  vMslsd  Uih,  er,  la  ether  words,  M  aw 

var'#i2a!Krs^i!rL'SiliS& 

•g^f^    naHMOnf  #4* "at 4*     ^^  nut.  nnj 


•^(N^Ca.)  4Sl:  7  W' »«ai 

L«^!  Cam 


% 


^- -  .  ,rSfh.O,  Cm. 

Ca.)  4Sl:  .7  W.  »«ai  By.  fjl..if. 


S90I  • 


Bust 


*™»  '%kl  UMiA  %wiMge.  In, 
r.O»s,j4.  mm9t.i$t.  trtOgf. 
i  ^  »•«  »Ua*.4i!J.Cow|>.|*i: 


1*9 ;  tOsaBr,  sii:  i  IIL  sm';'  e  1 
C  4a(. 


«««M^ 


5a4ft?MwWi» 


»^ listmtftiiimm 


n 


•  b*  nn  iitlMkt,  or  doM  im( 
i«r  of  o«th  i»  moal  bindiiiK 
t,  7*1  If  th«  loiirt  •dminittfr 
I  It  bound  by  tKal  >i«lh ;  for 
rmaliuna  alik*  subject  th« 
h«m  lo  tb«  patna  and  pan- 

vord  "oaih"  lnclad«t"«f 
«  word  "swmr"  include* 

8m  PROor,  ate,  balow. 

•  Infercncaa  or  concltMiont 
a*  dilMinguitbad  from  facii 
ict>. 

I  of  Iht  jury  to  dr«w  hifar- 
oni(  and  if  wUimmm  ware 

0  tetiify  wbat  ib«v  judge  a* 
know,  tha  vaidict  would 

A  Iha  dccUion  of  the  jury, 
ItnetMa.  Hanca  lha  rule 
t  wiinaaa  cuinol  ba  askad 
fMTticttlur  qaaatkm.' 
in  lha  appllcatioa  of  ihii 
)  delicacy  of  lha  Una  which 
IS  to  be  ragmrdad  aa  matter 

1  that  which  it  naiiar  of 
uDoii  obaarvation.     Thai, 

witnaM  may  latlify  to  the 
MMi  ha  law  waa  intoxicalad, 
to  state  all  the' constituent 
It  to  dmnkennaas  or  not.' 
land,  insanity  or  mental  in- 
general,  be  proved  1^  the 
in  unproCmaional  wilnaes.* 
r  be  proved  by  being  recog- 
rho  hai  Men  other  writings 
isual  coarse  of  basiueea,  or 
writa.>  Bat,  on  the  other 
p  of  an  aaomrmous  article 
lot  be  proved  by  one  pro- 
knowledge  of  the  Mithoi's 

■  esceptkm  to  this  rule  of 
a  made  in  qneatioM  involv- 
e,  ert,  or  Made,  where  sUII 


byai 


ritantipc 
■  ootoiaQ 


pacnliar 


I  value  u  >  hii  optokm  above 
«e  vhich  the  Jury  coald 
A  hf  might  MM.*  SKh 
I  an  c)ip«t|  aad  &•  may 
ividenoe.  ) 

(rr*7|4.    •4M««^:  fit 
M:  s  Park.  Cr.  Can  5»oi  • 

r n. S4ai  Hy. •»*•».   »■' 

j  Cman.  |m>  AM  eaim  jiuat 
■  "•'*  ■•fit  •'"•laanii*'. 

a-jHs  iOtasai.iHi.  l;*9 
««0*'»9«.»n»  •"Wead.ifc: 

»;  aadaaea|^(N.T)si. 
V-thMt:  •Johas.Css.Mij 
.  Apf .Hw.  Oi^iM.  iMMffl. 
.  agrt  a  M.  H.  4la;  •  MoiyC. 


EVIDCNCl. 


The  uawrilten  or  common  taw  of  (Welpi 
•ountriea  may  ha  proved  by  lh«  opinion  of  wil- 
neeaea  poaaaaaing  profeaaional  knowledge,*  H« 
the  degree  of  hsMrd  of  proiicrty  Inaured 
againit  firej*  handwriting ;«  mechanical  opera- 
liona,  the  |>rr.p«r  way  .rf  conducting  a  particular 
manufacture,  and  Ike  effect  of  a  certain 
method ;»  negligence  of  a  navigator,  and  ita 
•ftcl  in  producing  a  colllaion}*  sanity  |*  impo- 
lency ;•  value  of  chaiicU ;•  value  of  lanjj" 
value  of  services  j«  benefit  to  real  property  by 
laying  out  a  street  adjacent  thereto  i"  survey 
marks  idenlilied  aa  being  thoae  made  by  United 
Stalea  surveyors  ;•  and  sea- worthiness.* 

Such  oplniona  are  taken  with  the  qualiflca. 
•iona  necesaary  to  make,  aa  far  aa  poadble,  the 
jndgment  of  the  jury,  and  not  that  of  ike  wit- 
ness, the  final  means  of  determining  the  iasue 
Thus  opiniona  of  experta  are  not  admissible 
upon  the  qiiesiion  of  damage*  i*  and  expertu 
un  always  conflned  to  opiniona  within  the  scope 
of  their  professions,  and  are  not  allowed  to  give 
opiniona  on  things  of  which  the  jury  can  w\ 


weU  jedge.*  A  Sistinction'is  alwa'y^'^i^' 
lietween  a  feeble  impreaeion  aadamenKminion 
ur  belief.* 

0»AL  TBmitOHT  ia  spoken  teetimooy— used 
Iti  contradiaiinction  to  written.  It  ia  delivered 
l>y  a  wteneaa  verfadly  by  word  of  mouth.  See 
i'ARoi.  KvintNCK,  below. 

ORIGINALS  are  single  or  duplicate. 
.Single  when  there  U  hut  one,  duplicate  whe.i 
there  are  two.  In  the  case  of  printed  docu- 
menta  all  the  impteasiona  are  originals,  or  in 
the  natwe  of  dapfieate  originals,  and  any  copy 
will  be  pdmarv  evidence.* 

When  an  origimd  document  is  not  evidence 
at  tsMMMM  law  and  a  copy  of  such  original  is 
m^  evidence  by  an  act  of  the  legtslature,  the 
original  ia  not,  therefore,  made  admiasible 
evidence  by  implication.' 

See  Conn,  above. 

4  .H*?^  «VIDBHCE  iathat  verbally 
delivered  Iw  the  witneaa.  by  the  living  voice. 
by  wofd  of  mouth.  Parol  evidence  b  iuad 
miaaiMe  to  contradict  a  written  inatnunenl.  As 
to  the  oeies  in  which  such  evidence  will  not  be 
received  oe  rejected.! 

milPBTUATlNO  teatknony  ia  a  prac- 
tice wboae  origin  may  '.  j  traced  to  the  canon 
Uw.k  Statatea  exist  in  moat  States  Ibr  thia 
purpoee.  Equity  also  'ftimishea  meana,  to  a 
limned  extent,  for  this  same  mupaao. 

POSITIVE   BVIDCNeiia  diitirii- 


riJi7M.Mo.     «i-i  na.JM.  14.     V4aAla.(N. 


■uiahed  from  circmnalanlial    eviitence.     It  U 
hM  which,  If  believed,  eaiahliabe.  ihe  trulS  .r 

fa Ueh(M>d  of  the  fact  In  Imuc.  and  doei  not 

ariae  from  any  prcaanipllon. 

Pawi/nmoHs.      S«e    PaaiUMrrivm  Evi. 
naKis:,  |*|ow, 

PRESUMPTIVE   EVIDENCE  is  any 

rvidenoe  which  is  not  direct  and  poattlvr* 
I  hat  which  ihows  the  esiatence  of  one  fa<  1  by 
proof  of  the  eii.(ence  of  an.Hher,  w  other/ 
from  which  the  firii  maybe  Inferred  |  b«cauw 
Ihe  fact  «  facta  ihr.ivn  have  a  IcKilimate  ten- 
rtency  lo  lead  Ihe  mind  to  Ihe  concluaion  that 
the  fact  exinia  which  ia  aouKht  to  be  proved 

CoNctusiVB  parjuiinioNS  are  mferences 
wh  ch  the  law  makes  so  peremptorily  that  || 
will  not  allow  them  to  be  overiurne«l  by  any 
proof,  however  slrongi  Thry  are  called,  also, 
mtuluU  and  irrtbrnttuiU  prcaumptions. 

iNCONCLUSlVa     OK     DISIPUTABLB     fllUUMP- 

TIONI  are  inferences  of  law  which  hold  good 
until  they  are  Invalidated  by  proof  of  >  stronffcr 
preaiimption.*  They  are  called,  also,  inton. 
tlH4*i-*  presumptlona.  Premmpllve  evidence 
oonsuts  of  presumptions  of  law  and  prcsump- 
lions  of  fact.  ' 

^««jMrriO!»8  or  rAcr  are  not  Ihe  subject 
of  fixed  rules,  but  are  merely  natural  presump- 

.K  V?  #  ••  'PP*»''  ^""n  eowmon  experience, 
to  arise  from  the  particular  circumstances  of 
^i.y  case.  Some  of  these  are  "founded  upon 
iho  knowledge  of  the  human  character,  ud 
of  the  m«rtive»,  paasions,  and  feelings  Iw  which 
ibe  mind  is  usually  influenced.'"  They  are 
the  conclusions  drawn  by  the  mind  from  the 
natural  connection  of  the  circumstances  dis- 
i  osed  in  each  case,  or,  in  other  words,  from 
cimimaUntial  evidence. 

CirtumamnHal  tvidmct  Is  sometimes  used 
as  synonymous  with  presumptive  evidence: 
but  Dresumptive  evidence  is  not  necessarily, 
and  in  all  cases,  what  is  nsually  understood  by 
cirramsuntial  evidence.  The  latter  is  not  the 
evidence  which  tends  to  prove  a  disputed  fact 
by  proof  of  other  facU  which  have  a  legitimate 
t«n«tencv  from  the  hws  of  nature,  the  usual 
coimeclion  of  things,  the  ordinary  transaciJr« 
rf  business,  etc.,  to  lead  Ihe  mind  to  a  conclu. 
sion  that  the  fact  exists  which  la  sought  to  be 
e«ablished.-  Presumptive  evidence  may 
sometimes  be  Ihe  result,  to  some  extent,  of  an 
orbitraty  rule—as  in  the  case  of  Ihe  prcsump. 
tion  of  death,  aAer  an  absence  «rf  seven  yearn 
without  being  heard  fnwi— <ierived  by  analogy 

Ohio  St.  5I].    x-t}  Barb,  ijo ;  ao  Id  tl*     P.*  Hm. 

1l  ■•i.l'  ^^-  33" :  »J  Wend.  415;  *  J|.  V.  ju    J 
«     ?*'\.V"5^3**'"   »»'«an.  161;   aHt,tM.t44'   t 

N  HL?VJS'n;/^:'''"v^«*"  »co!iii:?S;  \ 
si:  Iii?*.k  Wlsr-  ■■'•♦*'  -J  R*"'"'  ••'  <-3  Ohio 

SI.  406 ;    19  Wtnd.  m.    •-«  Stark.  130;   but  §«•  14  S. 

T'fTa.^  A'"?' '?;?"»''       H«iT.*iiieH. 


f^^R  Wk<^  i^R3Ur 


NMMiMMnBr- 


44f 


IVIDIIIrS. 


fnNn  evn»\n  M«l«tM     Th*  |urlH»  •inl  llw  |««ry 
dnw co«iel«i«io««  from  circumtuni ml  •»l4»i    " 
and  Und  oa«  f»ct  fro*n  lh«  atUitiM*  of  oi 
f«cu  tkown  I'  iH«ni.  lotn*  of  iha  pfwumpdont 
Mnc  w  cl«r  and  tvrlain  'W  »»«y  i  *»«  bt- 

WMIM  flitd  •«  ^mIm  of  Uw,  and  0<brn   t'uving 

grMtar  or  I«m  rvttglil,  accofdlni        tht  cii 
*tUllC««  oC  IIm  «•••,  lt«»ing  the  «i*U»r  of 
i*v  iwni)  '  I  aW*!  In  <ioab(  until  iht  proper 
(rilMiMl  10  <i«UniilM  ih*  i|u«tiion  drmwt  ih' 
ctmciaalon 

In  giving  (fKNl  to  pKiMmpttoiM  of  fad,  iIh- 
prwwmiilion  wand*  mt«ll  pmof  U  gl»«"  «<  •♦•«• 
coMrwy.*  Thi«  conitaiy  ,>foof  may  be  »  cr>n- 
flioinc  prMumpllon.  I>  such  cat««  the  fol- 
lowli^  r«l«i  apptyi  i  ;*cial  |<T<-»umpllona 
take  IIm  placa  of  g  «  o<m,  i,  l»r«- 
•d«|illaaa  dcrivtd  from  h  ordlnaiy  coam* 
of  natura  ar«  ttrongar  ihau  ouoal  {Mwtump- 
lloMt*  3-  Pr««uni)ilia«ia  art  favorad  which 
ltn4togW«««lidit]rloacU!«  4  Tkopraawnp- 
Uo«i  of  Innoctnc*  ia  fn.  tre«l  In  Saw.' 

Ctmtkt$iP*  fmmmp*nmt  ara  aitoppah  s*  •»> 
•Ban  admlatkm*  of  paHias;   .nd  niMolamn  a.i 
mittion*  which  IMTC  be«n  ac  sdoii,'    8o,tkMo. 
thai  an  f»<licar'i  rali  coittrt  a«  to  fact' 

alaiad  (harein  M  bct^  .m  pnrtiM  t*  thM  an 
infant  andar  the  agt  <?«  t«v«n  vaaia  i«  !»  apaWo 
of  committing  »  rn-myi*   that  a  undtr 

fo«rta«n  it  incapa       of  commi'!  rapt;' 

that  the  'mm  •  ^  »  wift  with  wh*.  ;.  it  Ihh- 
band  c«.h*brtt  1     l^timu  <•.  thon  ;h  h«r  In*- 

7 

any  lav  j>-'«bt«in 

which  derive^k  il<^  vtlldi'v 
in«moriitt  coaiont,  aft  acij 

^fimtkii/f  fnmmMimt  art  jjreamnptiona 
thai  man  ia  innoceiv  of  tha  coutmliaion  of  a 
crime  ,•  that  tht  po  >etaor  of  or  «ty  ia  Ita 
ownc<  ■*■  that  poa8ta«ion  of  fratt^  crimt  ia 
guilty  pa»*t*aoii  I*  that  ihiiip  «•>•  1  dont  In 
Um  courM  of  tradt  bmrt  !>«an  done  r*  that 
toltm  itctramtnM  an  d«Qr  «itecut«d  ;*  that  a 
neiaon,  rttation,  t»r  atatt  of  thi>  onc«  ahown 
,  txitt  coBthiH^?^  to  aaUt,  •»  i  'a  partner 
akifs'  iaanltjri"  th«t  official  » 
■"«per!    p«rfdrm> 

PsK&i  upTioNs  0/  I        an  rai 

SaiiV   *C  M,    »^d.««r.   ->T.. 

m.     ».fC«f».  »         »S4!  «E        t 
•     •Uaeh  C:  1"!^      *»/4'    '*••"," 

—    1  Cw«fb.  ♦jT       ^  ft  cr  tM:  »  W  spi, I ' 
I  Sottlh.  1 «» i_i .  *♦  i  T  M.  1441  •  «'"  &  J    > ' 

p-4  €«?•    <«i   Ru^ 
Phactk.1 


V  pu>mtti 


tifliittd, 
ral  ori 


or 
with  it«  pro- 


have  been 
which,  in 

1;  I  Matnh 
9.  l.i«.  «». 
Mm  »  R 


to  rtcfe.  Mc;    1  Raw!>-,   s-~ 
ft  R  Cr.Tin  di  :!•»«.& 
EMopHa     *  '  CaMi*.  i»,   )  Tmm.  ]«• 
isMMk.  S<:  aaaiCnvni  tjN|MS!  »*«, 
-     - "--    j,     ».4i|.Co«ai, 


111    n-r^  ;  phacticb; 
I  TtttM.  »•:  n  T.  R. 


»M( 


n»ay, 


■ft!  4B>ftC> 
C.  K.  Cu  K'i^ 


«  9».   « 

ft  A'«*l- 


eartain  raata,  tith«r  forWd  or  dltfwn**  wifi 
any  alt«r4or  i'^ijuiry,'  infaraiuaa  or  paaliton« 
•Mabliahad,  (o,  1  v-  m/wt  part,  bir  tht  coaamon, 
!hiI  ottaakwall?  1  the  utawtt  law,  which  ar« 
oWI|l»lory  alik  o.  JB.lgOT  and  iartw^  Thty 
•ra  aaoiKird  fnvei  motlvta  uf  ptbltc  poticy.  and 
art  thoat  which  artat  in  ctrtain  caaaa  liy  Uitvt 
of  tha  rivtaa  of  law.  <iir«cting  an  infaranct  i<> 
\m  drawit  {v m  pr<x><  tht  aaittanca  of  a  par 
lici  M  fact  jr  i««^^u.  fhty  art  cuucltaivt  or 
in«.<«iolMiv^ 

CmthuiMt  fr»immf»i»m$  art  thott  which 
admit  of  no  avtrmtm  or  proof  to  tht  eoaitrary. 
Thta,  tht  racorda  of  a  ca«rt.  tactp  'i  torn* 
pc^««diiiga  to  amend  Ihcro,  art  cu  tttivc 
tvu  let  of  tHt  wiattrr  Ihtrt  rtcordcd,  bting 
prt.      wd  to    -I!  r^jhily  <nadt  «p. 

A,  t^mtve  #r  diafttuMt  prtmmplitm  ol 
law  art  thoat  wh*'*  «  fact  la  prcnumed  to 
€  •t,  ttlhtf  from  '  gtntral  tap«ii«n<:tt  of 
maiiklnd.  <    irom  y,  ot  from  proof  «!  ih« 

v^ialtncc  cttuin  olhtr  ^Act*,  aiiiit  lome 
thing  la  uKcrtd  to  ahow  tht  contrary.  Thui, 
tht  law  pttaumaa  a  man  to  be  aan«  ntU  the 
onlrarr  apptara,  and  to  bt  ianot^ti  of  the 
commlak  n  of  a  crimt  aiitU  ht  k  proved  to  b< 
KJilty.  .  tht  txiMenc t  of  a  ptiaon.  at  of  « 
p  rtlctki  V-    *  '^f      tiga,  being  ahown,  th«  law 


umat  tli> 

ttllUltc 

«aMb 

tc    tll4|tl 

■"»tn*f 
tltd, 
fSci 


I* 
li 

that  - 
P 

wh 
th 

to 

or  c<j' 
it,  In  law, 
relwiftd.'    For  e 

Art;.  ptrkt 

.sing  al 


or  atatt  of  thing*  to  con 
is  otTertd  to  ooniiGt  with 

.IB   gVIPBNCB  ia  that 
be  tofii  itnt  proof  rtaptcting 
im,  ai       Mjmtthing  ap^ar* 
Mdi        jy  >>e  contradicted 
•m      ■wi     '«nct  of  fact 
ti<<i.  iht  fact  imlcM 
en  buildlMa  arr 
Uc     In.     ft  tocooMtlve  tn 
K«  rotd,  it  k  /rimm  /mu 
vidcact  o?  n«i;iig.>nct  OB  tht  part  of  thoae 
who  havt  tht  cimigt  of  it.* 

~ht  holder  of  a  b<  1  of  txehangt,  o        'e 
in    >f«td  In  blank,  htrim»  fmU  tht  ow 
PRJMAItY  BVIPBMCB   it  th« 
'virV  nee,  or  that  proof  which  moat  cert: 
« tiiUU  tht  true  «utt  of  facta  to  which  it  rei 
Tht  nrnprotluctioB  of  tht  be*!    ?vidr 
.  Ma  It  cai»  bt  iiad,  snmtM  a  prftuiUi  uoai  \a.», 

C.  «.  ftlTJ  T  V  "  M»  T  Wm^.  •»«  »fe  1^1  ♦»• 
ft  R.  l«j:  •  N  lift  »o  M»»».  wj  »t  Plcli.''f  i»  t 
OUI, ^4 ;  4S Ma.       , $»:  •'.  Coaa.  to*.  «:«  *«*  i 

tcie',.    ftlK  |»o     tjM«,  .to:  «li«l.(M5' 
Oaa.  *»<.«•-*  R     ",««"  t.jij. 

Met  aaa  C.  \'..  Ma;  ^  «  •  <  >iji  >4  ^w  <•*.  ». 

Ptul.  Ch  ig»;    »  >      _  "V.  104!  If  FIek    ua;  i 
!»»«.)  >«»4J  I  Oa.     ,4;    11  K.  H.  t9> :  4      ^*n 
iy.  *|  Fam,St.  114:   j6  Ma.  >;Ai   ijlr 
ii  i  I  Paaniag  1*7    im  HaATM 
B»«w«Cli.44|l   3  Mm  iMim.? 'Al         IJ 
'"    "      '  Inhr         ■« 


?T«xa 


L.  R  fiiji   1  I 
atyi   5  W  »•:   »■  ... 

Cmk.  ISO     «i  w«rb  JM :  31  Ma.  1  j», 
»;  rid   «■     Ruwkft.  joii   .1- 
Dcv.  Kb   lu:  tVt  let:  •  Cemi. 
•••SMik    >s:  iMaaaftataiS 


cxaii.  • ;« i  I  raamag  lar    im  OaATM.   ^> 
I  Brawn  Ch.  Mil  3  Mm  (Mim.? 'Ai 
i).  H.  i«}:  iWaah.  C  C.  •* 
.  C.  i4}:  a  Va. Cm.  rjaj  4  *^ 
r«i«  44»;  itJalMa.  !«*!  19    1 
*/•  JStJ  jaWhMt  to;    ;  ■ 
1 14.    J-laM,  Prwtjmpt.  17. 
h.  il,  sad  MamcAL  tAw;  Dca 
,M        :ita»nwr»llir;  tJ.J.F 
ijl^ii      ««T;   fftaad  Toii   «f 
■  TwH*.  Mr  s  a  Matt.  %  M'C.  j 

MiU.tHI  a  A.  K.  alMih,  eM* 


I 


^4*  |««Irl, 

•4  Pet. 

.  I  If  u 

MiM.«6,||lt    I 
^  B..»e. 


'fgiMMM-^ 


forMd  or  <llif«ii*t  wiri 
,•  (nf«T«n..««  or  |iMtll»n« 
n<»t  (Hirt,  hy  Ik*  commiMi, 
he  MMMl*  l«w.  which  «f« 
liidfM  •ml  iuri«»^  Th«r 
«{««  u^  (MibllG  puticy,  Mt<l 

•  In  c«fUUi  CMtm  by  fw  « 
dirtctlng  M  inltrmc«  to 

<  lh«  tmtal«nc«  of  •  par 
rh«y  M«  «<n)cl«*iv«  <ir 

n/f^irM*  V  (hoM  which 
M  or  prwrf  »o  ih«  co«tf»ry 

I    •    court,  •«C«pV    I*!    »Olf«» 

md  rti«in,  •r^  co.  iwivr 
ttrr  tlMr«  rvcordtti,  iMing 
ly  i^ntdt  up. 

fi3^i«Ut  fttmmpiimt  ol 

f«  k  fed    to   prt»um««i  lo 

•>«  gm«r«l  npciierK-a  o( 

cy,  or  from  proof  <>(  ih« 

t  oIlMr  '4«tt,  anlil   want 

ihow  (ha  eoncrary     Thui, 

man  to  ba  Mne     utU  Ihe 

nd  to  ba  iniuH:*!      of  iht 

n«  ant  11  ha  k  proved  to  b< 

«ten(  •  of  a  patMn,  or  of  4 

i>|t,  balng  mown,  tba  law 

or  Mat*  of  thinf*  lo  con 

la  otTarad  to  ooaflict  with 

B  gVIDBNCB  la  that 

Mffi  i«nt  proof  raapacting 

on.  vr      wnatliinf  appaan 

iHiii        ay  H«  Gontraotctcd 

d       m       !enoa  of  \mA 

lii).  th«  (act  imktt 

en  tMiildiiiM  arr 

In,     a  locooMtlye  an 

<  road.  U  It  /rfjuM  Jhu 
jnca  on  the  part  of  Hkm 
^ofit." 

!  b;  !  of  tsdMnga,  o-  '« 
\tprimm  Jmtii  IM  o*  it 
>nOBNCB  it  tha  b 
proof  whlcli  moat  cait^ 
t«  of  facia  to  which  it  rah 
ion  of  lb«  b«or  fMm- 
,  sraaUa  a  pr«*^ui<     'on 

It  lo  Mi««.  tii^  I'i 
p:  ■',  Con«.»o6.  «' 
M*.  *»•  «  M«t. ; 

<*\  «J«i     ^ 

•  •C  nji  mS«"-  wIi.  .-. 

«M     ..    •¥.  tMi   iaPtcS>     'IS;   I 

114;  j6  M*.  >|<l   ij  tr« 
■■  i«t .  Ma  DaATM.    fx 

40raM«;(M«a.?ji 

WMk.  C.  C.*6  lohr 

I.  Ca>.  ija;  4  &<  <  ° 

lahai.  lb;    19  i-l 
n  Wheat  to;    ? ' 


EviurNce 


I 


MMi  Pre«i;'(ipt.  ir. 

MpajtaUv:  rJ.J-^ 
(7;   sRand   ptj^ll" 


s«!p  Hr»l| 
t«Pcl. 
t».4»j; 
1MI« 


TOkl      I    CI'  !■■■  a 

■  Matt-kirC.  }»>;  I  Mu 
-j    >sjgliM.  M,  ijit  I 

K     C.B.  »»* 


If  pro^Mca.!.  it  might  oftralr  agiilnM  Ihr  i.Arly 

who  <t«clln«i  to  iirtHluca  U.» 
Th*  nilt  taclaHf*  <>nly  that  avManc*  whU 

ll«alf  inrficaiM  ih«  ciLianca  of  mora  nrlgtn.j 
•ovrca  of  Information. 

Tha  law  rri|itirm  thl«,  ami  rcjrcta  wroniliijy 
arinfarior  rvMrnca  whan  It  U  •liempic.l  lo  b« 
•ahMllutad  for  «vi«l«nca  of  a  highar  o-  Miiwn.ir 
n.:«»in«t  for  axamulr,  when  a  writtan  <-«nir«c« 
ha«  baan  anicrad  Into,  and  ih«  <.b|r,  it  (o 
prom  what  ii  wiv  ii  U  raqulMta  lo  ,wo.lu<r  iha 
original  writing  If  It  |«  m  ba  attained;  am),  In 

'^f  ?•*••  ""  ^^  '^  •^•^'  lnfari,ir  erldmca 
a-ill  Iw  iacaiv»a.  ThI.  la  a  rula  of  p«ilicy 
grounded  on  •  reawmabla  iuvplcion  that  tha 
tuhkiiiulion  of  inferi.w  for  betlar  avulence  «ri««« 
from  tinlalar  moHvM;  and  an  apijrahrn.ton 
that  tha  baat  avidanca,  if  producad,  would  alter 
Iha  caaa  lo  tha  prejndica  of  iha  party.  Thl» 
rata  ralataa,  n<K  lo  the  mea«ura  and  uunnlity 
of  avidenca,  btit  to  It.  quality  whan  comiKirad 
with  iHime  other  avidnne  of  lujierinr  ilrurea 

Owl  avMcnc*  cannot    b«  aabstriuitd 
tor:' 

I.  Any  Inilnimant  which  Iha  law  tvquirr*  to 
ba  In  wrtimgj  inch  a*  record.,  palilic  dr^u- 
mania,  official  anamination*,  deefh  of  convey. 
«nca  of  landa.  wilN,  oihar  than  nunciipaiive 
l*«miata  lo  pav  tha  daht  of  annihar,  an.Uhe; 
wHlinga  mentionad  in  tha  ilatuta  of  fmiKU 

1.  Any  contract  which  tha  partica  have  put 
m  wriiing.  Hera  Ihe  written  imiiument  n<ay 
.«  reK^riled,  in  loma  meatura,  ai  the  ultimate 
fHCt  to  ba  proved.  Tho..  where  in  a  tuit  for 
Iha  pnca  of  labor  performed,  it  appeara  thai 
il»«  work  wa»  comitnenciid  under  an  aDreemcnt 
In  wntlng,  Iha  agivemert  mu«l  be  produced. 

J  Any  writing,  the  <-xlsience  of  which  ia 
<li»p«tad,  and  which  In  malarial  either  «>  tha 
i»iue  between  ihc  parli<Hi,  or  to  the  credit  of 
wlinaaaaa,  anti  |«  not  merely  ■  memorandum 
of  fcoma  othtr  (act. 

Tba  feet  that  in  auch  <  ^x 
(ha  poaaaaaion  of  Ihe  ad  versa  iw 
hangr    iu  character ;  h  ia  mr 
evidence  of  the  contract ;  and  ft 
he  at .  oanted  fo  liy  notice  to  tkr  t/.i.^,  ,«„  ,0 
foduce  It,  before  aecondary  evidence  of  ita 
itenit  can  be  received.^ 

"ptiomi.     Th  -  contanU  of  any  record  of 

I  of  enlrlci  in  any  other 

sera,  may  be  proved  hy  an 

<s  aiiception  extendi  to  all 

•  public  natsre,  in  books 

«  kept,  and  ia  admitted. 

iconvenicnca  to  lh«  public 

<  </  oidt  <lo«amenU  might 

li       f  wero  wanted  in  two 

time  i  and  alio,  hecauw  of 

-ter  of  tba  facU  which  ihey 


>ng  is  in 

*»  not 

imary 

e  mntt 

liarty  io 


!«1  court, 
oiaorrt; 
ex     lined  Oppy.     1 
record*  f     '        'ieti 


reqnirci 


to 


placi. 
the  p 


11,    <f'^j). 

t  the 

alic   e 


jini,  ,Mly . 

'>"i^  pifMd 

iJii(i  -flieo 

iioeei 


I.  Mt.   jKiGrwtil 
>>•  nd^,  that  what 


«» 


die  wriUMi  '♦^f 

•*■'   'wrSffelri' 


irrden ,  "  acMd 


•»»_ 


contain,  and  Ihe  tnnaefiuenl  fhrllliy  of  detec 
I  twn  «^  any  fraud  or  error  In  Iha  cofiy.' 

r  r  Ih.-  wme  reaaona,  and  U>f  the  Mmng 
prr .  my  i  arl«<  j  from  thr  undi«lMrl<ed  ««f  r. 
cl»e  of  .,))|lc  irffice.  that  the  a|^.nimeni  U 
v»Md,  I  ,»  not  In  general  nec«««ary  h>  nro»e 
the  written  appointment*  lA  u^cen  All  who 
have  acted  a*  tuch  are  prr».im«d  lo  hii<-f  been 
duly  afifiointed  lo  the  oftce,  „ii|i|  ibe  contratv 
appear*."  ' 

Where  ihe  evidence  la  tho  rcault  ../  olumi 
nout  facta,  or  Ihe  Intpeciloii  of  many  l«  4»  and 
papan,  the  examination  of  which  c<  I  n.» 
toMve.ilently  tatie  |>lace  in  court,  a  wii  .  v 
ha»  ini|>ri:led  the  account*  of  partic*.  nay  i, 
ilfy  lo  the  general  balance  wlihoiit  1.  ,<luein,£ 
the  account,,.  «,,  ,|,„,  lnKri|«ion.  on  wall" 
niid  fiaul  inWet,  mural  monumentt,  erava- 
M.mea,  »urveyor»'   marka  on   boundary   iiaea, 

The  vr.    .1  admlMion  of  Iha  conlenio  of  • 
wruing.  I.v  Ihc  party  hlm»elf.  If  aKnln,i  hii  in 
ereat.  will  aui«riede  Ihe  nrcrwiiy  of  proving 

A*  It  refer*  to  Ihe  fHuNty  rather  than  tKii 
tmnmlUy  of  evidence,  it  i«  evident  that  Ihi 
IwlleM  prfx.f  that  every  raia  admit*  of  i«  not 
requiiilej  If.  Ihercfore,  there  are  leveral  eve 
wiineaae*  to  a  fad.  It  may  be  •umdenily  prov«« 
by  one  only.  '^ 

It  ia  not  alway*  requiiite  when  Ihe  mailer  lo 
t»a  proved  hax  been  reduced  to  writing,  that 
tha   wriiiny  ihoutd   he   pro<lueed  j  a«,  if  iha 

"If.*!!!'?  °'  ' ,'"' '°  ^  P"***'"  »"«  b««n  com. 
milted  to  wriling,  It  may  be  proved  by  parol 
evidence.  A  receipt  for  the  payment  of  money. 
fw  example,  will  not  exclude  parol  evidence 
of  payment.* 

whera  a  document  ia  not  iiaelf  evidence  at 
common  law,  and  a  copy  of  it  i«  made  evidence 
by  .talute.  the  cc^jy  alone  ia  evidence,  and  not 
the  onginal.r 

PROOF  or  X88UB. 

.«^«ir.''*'''*f?  7""  K*"'«'*«  TO  TH«  Point 
m  iWUt  It  la  a  general  rule,  both  in  civil 
and  criminal  canet,  that  the  tvutrnc*  mm/ 1» 
toH/ntd  to  iktfjiHl  iu  iiiut.  Juitice  and  con- 
venience rc()uire  the  oliMtrvance  of  thii  rule, 
particularly  in  criminal  caie<!  for.  when  a 
prisoner  is  charged  wiih  an  offence,  it  is  of  the 
uimoM  i/  )rtanca  to  him  that  the  facts  laid  be- 
fore the  i  yrl  or  jury  ahould  coiim^i  excltwively 
of  Ihe  Jiian»action  which  form*  K  subject  ol 
the  complaint,  information,  o.  mdicimeni 
■gainst  him,  md  «Mch  alone  he  hai  come  pre- 
pared  to  answer.  'o  ihi>  general  rule  there 
are  several  except.uns,  and  i  variety  of  ca»e« 
which  do  not  fall  within  the  rule.  In  general 
evidence  of  collaleral  facU  i*  not  admissible  i 


I. 


4m 


lYTPVKCI. 


J 


I  i\t  mi\>  fa  Mch  a  tttt  k  iimI«(«1  to  ih«  iMu«  i 
jflliMtl  IjvIwmii  lb«  paftla*  tl  mikf  \m  |t*<ii  tn 
««lit«nc«i  M,  tar  MiuniiU,  (ii  icdar  lo  |iru«« 
(hit  lb*  tccafiiar  of  •  bili  ki»««  thd  |M]r««  In 
Iw  •  A^ltiltMtd  |«i  m,  or  tbiu  iIm  J'«w«r  hu 
|tn«fAl  •uiluMtly  ri>m  him  !<>  All  un  htlU  with 
tiM   n«m«   oC  •  114,1  UUm*  pay.  e,  •vUti'  lie  mitf 

tillla  brT^rt  ihvjr  ciwlil,  fWiffl  iMr  (tM«,  h4«« 
•itIv«4  I  ram  lb*  pine*  of  <U(«.' 

WIma  fiKclal  damnge  tutlaliM*!  bjT lilt  plain' 
(If  iaiiot  !^«I«<1  in  th«  plaiiMlA*  dMMplaltil,  U 
It  not  on*  of  th«  |H>lnii  in  uau«,  and,  ln«rsf»re, 
•vidanca  nf  it  eannol  l*e  received i  jret  a  dam- 
•ft  whicli  It  a  nitcetaary  ratull  frcMii  ib«  de- 
ftndant't  brrach  of  «'»n(r«ct  may  b«  pri  i«il, 
notwlihstanding  it  is  not  alleged  hi  «ui  .  cutn- 
j>l»i»l,* 

'  III  gcnanil.  evidence  (ot  (hie  charactc-  of 
eilhfr  party  It  inadmiulhle  t  Ttt  In  lume  chmm 
IKII  evidence  mav  Ix  giv«n.* 

WheuavitlenceliivKliiniallvaiipllrtloanoilifr 
pavMn  nt  thing  ii>)t  included  In  (hi  trantaiiitm 
III  qutMion,  and  wi(h  regard  to  whufn  or  which 
il  i»  imKlmtitible,  yet  if  it  hear  upoa  (lie  point 
iu  itaiM  It  will  be  recall  >,!.• 

fno'fitm  niB  ArriEHATivB  orrHK  Istui. 
TAt  gjlrm-^tivt  »/  tit  mm4  mutt  k*  frovtii. 
fhe  general  'ule  with  regtrJ  (o  the  burden  of 
l>(r)ving  the  iH^ue  requirct  that  the  party  who 
Miertt  the  aflirmativc  ttuiul  /rove  lt|  but  (bit 
rale  c*u*ca  tu  itpernte  the  moment  the  )ir«- 
■■mptiun  of  the  Uw  ii  thrown  iit  the  otdrr 
•cale.  Whon  the  Imim  i«  on  the  legUlmacy  df 
a  child,  thvrffore.  it  it  Incumbent  Ml  the  party 
■Mcrting  the  illegitiroaey  to  prove  itJ 

gee  UuBDEN  or  Floor,  above. 

PlIUVINO    THK    SUUTANCB    OV    THK    IssUt 

JOINBO.  Tk*  imts/«met  1/  iJkt  ittm  j^bud  be- 
tween the  partiet  mnti  ht  prmtnl^ 

In  Civil  AcrioNt.    1.  It  to  a  fatal 

variance  in  a  contract  if  (t  appear  that  •  plain- 
tiir  who  ought  to  have  been  joined  baa  been 
omitted.'  But  it  it  no  variance  to  omit  «  per- 
•on  who  might  have  been  joined  at  defendant  j 
beCBMe  the  nonjoinder  .1  ^'«"  emedird  by 
amendment,  a.  Tlieoontii.^iraiim  of  the  con- 
tract muft  be  proved ;  but  it  is  !iot  uecesaary 
for  tb«  plaintiff  to  <<«(  out  in  hi  umplaint,  or 
prove  on  the  trial,  the  aevtral  parts  of  a  con- 
tract contitting  of  ditlinct  and  collaterml  pro- 
vitioni}  it  i*  tuflicient  to  state  to  much  01  the 
conuact  M  contain*  the  entire  conaideratiou  of 
the  act,  and  the  entire  act  be  done  iii  virtue  of 
tuch  conaiderRtion,  ir.clvdiny  the  time,  manner, 
and  othtr  circumttancet  of  ita  performancr." 

It  tt  a  general  rale  of  evidence,  that  if  the 
■ubatance  of  the  iMue,  or  the  material  iacts 
can<  >ed  by  the  pleadlnga,  be  ettabllthed,  it  it 
•off         ! 

In  Criminal  Actioni,  it  may  be  laid 
down  that  it  it,  in  general,  tuflicient  to  prove 

9^  M.  a.  M.    ir-i  Prieo.  19.    k-Sc<  aait.  CaaaAC- 

na.  M  Ha|ii.r7«v  -*  •«  '  ^l"  ''^'t^L  •  <^ 
rl.  Or.  im:  1  Ciacn  Cr.  O*.  <>*}:  4  "o*.Jk  P.  9*: 
Ruu.  ft  R.  Cr.  Ca».  jj<J:  «  V«M€»,  «i4;  9  Cona.  4T- 
\iMm.yA.)t,r^.    li-i  >%<U.  Kv.  190.     l-iBaund. 


^Mti  e«>«HlllMl*«  an  offence,  tt  >•  anAUgli  te 
l<r->v«  Ml  mui  h  <if  the  riMrge  aa  >lii.«*  ihal  '.h« 
tU'rendanI  hat  tiwimtutd  a  tulxaniive  (rime 
llicrcin  MiaclAed  * 

PKIVILBCiKD  COMMUMICA 
TIONS.  No  t'cnum  It  lulili',  (iiher  ii«tllv  m 
criminally,  in  retpect  tu  anylliing  publtaticd  by 
him  at  a  meiMbcr  of  a  leg««la(ive  Imdy,  In  llir 
OHirMi  of  hit  kaitlalive  duty.  Not  in  rnpro 
lo  anything  iHilHthed  by  him  in  (he  cuutte  ol 
a  jtidicial  proceeding.  I  lil<  |i(i«Uege  eiteml^ 
not  only  lo  paitiet,  countel,  wilnettat,  jurors, 
and  jufigea  in  a  ju<llcltl  priMeeding,  but  alto  In 
tiriiccedifiga  In  irgiilaiive  budirn,  tml  lo  all  who, 
in  the  diachtrge  of  tiubtic  duly  or  the  hwne-'t 
pimuit  olf  private  light,  are  cumtielled  In  lalit 
part  hi  the  admlnltlraium  of  juttice  or  in  legi< 
Uiion.  A  fair  report  of  aiiy  judicial  proc««<l 
Ing  m  Imiuiry  it  iiixi  privileged.* 

PROBAIIILITY.  There  U  alwayt  t 
tirong  pioiMbilitv  that  a  man  of  griol  moral 
cliaracter,  and  who  hat  hcrelolora  (wen  upight 
and  Inuhful,  will,  witen  caamincd  aa  a  wilneix, 
under  oath,  tell  the  Irnthi  and,  on  the  cnn 
irary,  thai  a  man  who  haa  bean  guilty  of  per 
jurY  will  not,  under  the  <ame  circum«lance«, 
tell  the  iruih  \  the  former  it,  Ihtrefere,  entitlctl 
Iu  credit,  the  latter  it  not. 

PaoviNo  THK  UauB.  8cc  Bvtom  or 
pROor  t  Iut;R,  above. 

PUBLIC  DOCUMSNTt.  l^blicdocu 
inenit  mrpuning  to  be  edited  or  primed  by 
authiM  ity  o(  Congrett,  or  the  Stale  iegialalurc, 
or  eithw  hout^  ihereof,  are  evidence  to  the 
tame  crtimt  that  authenticated  copiaa  of  the 
^nme  would  he. 

QUBttTlONI  are  clibcr  grnieral  or  lead- 
ing. General  quetliorit  aie  Inoae  which  r«- 
r)ulre  the  witnett  to  lutc  what  he  knowi,  With- 
out any  iiugBeiition  l>riiig  made  to  him;  m, 
"  Who  g«ve  the  blow?"  A  leading  quettu  <i 
it  one  I  liii  h  kadt  the  mind  of  tbe  witnett  to 
the  antwi,  itt  luggettt  il  lo  him;  at,  •'  Did  A. 
give  the  I'iow  r '  or  "  It  not  your  name  A.  ?  " 

KBBUTTINQ.  It  is  a  general  rale  thai 
anything  muy  be  given  at  ri-butting  evMencc 
which  it  tl  direct  reply  10  that  produced  on  the 
olhertidc,'  and  ih«  ptoof  of  ctrcumtlancea  may 
be  <^ried  lo  rebut  the  moat  potKive  lettimoi>  < 
But  there  are  teveral  rulet  which  eaclude  oil 
rebutting  evidence.  A  party  cannot  impeach 
hit  own  witnett,  though  he  mav  diaptove,  by 
other  witnctaea.  malten  to  which  helUM  tetti 
Acd;  nor  can  he  rebut  or  contradict  via'  t 
wilnOM  haa  twom  to  which  waa  immaterial  to 
the  iaati*.'  Paniet  and  potren  are  ealopiitti 
from  contradicting  a  wrilton  Inttrament  by 
[larol  proofj  but  thit  rale  doet  nu  apply  to 
mrangeis.*  But  the  parties  may  prove  tnat  be. 
fore  DHMch  the  agreement  wat  abandoned,  or 
annalled,  by  a  sub-'-quent  ag'eemeni  r.  •<  la 
*  riting.*    A  "d  w'       the  writing  wat  made  by 

S™Jt,"^r-1.£     Xay^Ui^^*-?? 

ll<»riorTi«.  9^^  u'Cati,^iu.  •.! Pw  c. e .ij 

r-ififlck.  153;  t  Bail.  111.    »■••;*#».  t^.    MM. 


>tiltn«t,  tt  I*  aiKMigK  t« 
I  (lu(|«  M  tlii'Ot  thai  '.h* 
ilUfiJ  •  Mt(M«(iilv«  (fim* 

D  COMMUNICA 

«i  U  luliU',  <iih«r  livlllv  •■( 
1  to  •nvihing  {Milili»li«<l  hy 
•  bgt*l«it««  Iwdy,  In  llir 
W«  duty.  Nor  In  (mpm 
i  by  him  In  th«  cuMtM  ol 
[.  till*  |>fUII«||«  •ittnil 
eoun««l,  wiln««M«,  )urur>, 
:UI  prtMttding,  but  alto  l<> 
itivt  liodlfit,  >n<l  to  all  who, 
iwlilic  duly  or  th«  bunc^i 
[hi,  tro  ciinttwIM  in  lalir 
tllim  of  jtMlict  <)f  in  l«gi< 
rt  of  (ity  jutllcial  prac*«<l 
I  pri»iUj|»d.* 

V.  TlMf*  la  alwayt  t 
1*1  •  m«»  <)f  giml  moral 
MS  h«rct(>lor«  b«<n  upright 
Mn  eiamincH  m  ■  wilncva. 
Irnlh  i  aiwl,  on  ik«  con 
M  baa  b««n  guilty  of  per- 
r  lh«  ''•in*  circumnlanccn, 
trrocr  if,  llit:r«(ur«,  eiMillttl 
I  not. 
iMui.    Sec   Bvaont  or 

JMKNTt.  Public  docu 
a  be  cditad  or  priiucd  by 
a,  or  tlM  SmI*  lt|ialaturc, 
irtof,  ar«  avldtnca  lu  the 
ittkenticstcd  aifim  of  ike 

arc  cilk«r  «fi«ral  or  Itad 
lioni  an  tnoaa  wbich  re 
itatc  wkal  ht  knowt,  With- 

ht\\\K  anade  to  kims  m, 
w?"  A  Itading  qu««ti<« 
h«  mind  of  Um  witaMa  to 
MM  it  lo  him ;  as,  ••  Did  A. 
"  It  not  your  naaa*  A.  t " 
It  is  a  mncral  rule  that 
vcn  u  rcMitllng  cvklenic 
>ly  to  tbat  produced  on  the 
firoof  of  circumttancM  may 
i«  mOKt  pcikHive  taailMoii  < 
al  tulea  whicb  txcluda  alt 
A  party  cannot  iiap*H(*i 
ougk  k«  may  diaptove,  by 
t«r«  to  which  k«  hM  tcttt 
(but  or  contradict  wt  *:  « 
a  which  WM  imnaterial  tu 
and  powers  arc  a*topp*<t 

a  written  inatnua«nt  by 
ia  r«lc  doM  not  apply  to 

patties  may  prove  tniat  be. 

cement  was  abandonc'i,  or 

'*qu«nt  aB'««mcnt  ■    <   la 

the  writing  was  maiic  by 

III.    •■■•JAaa.Mf.    t-4  N. 


KviDr.Ntie. 


4ft 


imnber.  M  wMr*  the  Inghnnh  »iat».l  a  ilaMr 
"on.  the  party  *ir«<-i...t  l»  ii  m  ly  iw.ive  Ihal  Ike 
entry  waa  falae  or  mail*  by  mM<Ac.« 
II ICOROS- COPIES  OK    RKCORDI, 
Rle. 

jUIMCUL   AND    It/ill.     HmONIM   AMP  TbAW 
»<.«IIT». 

A  fnrelKn  )ti€lgm«-nt  la  the  |u.|,(m<nl  of  a 
f'trelgn  trOiunal.  The  inn.m*  HialM  of  itie 
l/nliad  Utttm  .re  In  this  rta|ier|  cunaiderett  aa 
fc»cl|{n  to  eath  other 

Su< h  juilgiiienta  may  lie  evi<ieii>ci|  by  esrm- 
llihtationa  uiilar  the  great  leal  .,»  the  Stale  or 
...untry  vhere  the  Ju.|gm«ni  it  rrcorde.l,  or 
under  the  aeal  of  ihe  t.iurt  where  iha  |u<)gment 
reinains'  by  «  r,^  jiroved  to  be  a  true  copy, 
•r  hy  th«  rertlficata  ttf  an  officer  authorUr-d  »»y 
law.  whicb  certificate  muat  Itaelf  be  properly 
iiuthenticated."  The  acta  of  foreign  trihuimla 
whl-;h  are  rerognued  by  the  law  of  nation*, 
•«i^  aa  courta  of  admiralty  and  the  like,  are 
•undentl*  authentiriited  by  copict  under  aval 
of  the  tribunal,'  in  the  alMeoca  of  a  statute  to 
she  contrary. 

The  re«s)rd»  and  judicial  proceeding,  of  the 
eourtt  of  any  State  ahall  be  proved  ,»  admitted 
in  any  mker  ciiurt  within  the  United  Siatct.  by 
the  AttAsiation  of  the  clerk,  and  the  teal  .rf  thrf 
cimrt  anneied,  If  there  be  a  aeal,  together  with 
a  certificale  of  the  judge,  chiel  Juaiice,  or  pre 
■"idlng  magiMrale.  aa  Ihe  caaa  may  be,  that 
tald  allealation  ia  in  due  form ;  ami  the  said 
records  and  judicial  (iruceedlnga.  •'uhant-cated 
as  af<ireaaid,  ahall  have  auch  f«iih  ami  credit 
Riven  to  them  in  every  court  wlihin  the  United 
Mates,  aa  ihev  h»  '  by  law  or  usage  in  Ihe 
<  <mris  of  the  State  ir..,„  wher.ce  Ike  sJd  records 
•re  or  skall  be  Uken./ 

All  iKorda  and  e»emplir.callona  of  office 
hooks,  which  a««  ,  may  b«  kept  in  any  pub- 
lie  oAce  of  any  Sute,  not  appertaining  to  a  court, 
»MII  be  proved  or  ii'!mi:i«d  in  any  court,  or 
ofhft  n  any  other  Sute,  by  the  aiieslMion  of 
Ihe  ket  oer  of  tke  said  records  or  books,  and 
Ike  ical  of  hia  office  thereto  annexed,  if 
there  b*  a  seal,  together  with  the  certificate  of 
the  presiding  Justice  of  the  court  (^  the  county 
or  district,  as  the  tas«  may  be,  in  whick  such 
office  la  or  may  be  kept,  or  of  th  uoveriior, 
[he  ^cretary  of  r4at*,  tke  chancellor,  or  Ihe 
keejfjcr  of  the  greM  s«al  of  tke  Stale,  that  Ihe 
said  atteMatkm  k  in  d\>t  form,  and  by  the 
proper  officer,  and  tke  said  certificate.  If  given 
l^y  Ike  presiding  justice  of  the  court,  i.tu.t  be 
further  authentMateti  by  the  clerk  or  prothono- 
•ry  of  the  said  court,  who  shall  ceitify,  under 
I'ls  hand  and  Ike  seal  of  his  office,  that  the 
"*7  P»»i'«ng  justice  is  duly  commiwioned 
■ind  qualified  s  or  if  the  said  t^rtificale  is  given 
I'y  the  governor,  the  sect  sury  of  state,  the 

et  Coi«r.  Maicli  ay.  iCJ  | ,  j  irig»"<-'-  'ri--' 


P^Actt 


Brigbily'a  Dig.  p.  *«s.|ii.    ai-i  (Jraaal.  Er.  I  joX-  i      5 


iliancellor.  or  k««ptr  of  gie  grtai  seal.  Ii  shall 
U  under  the  great  aeal  of  tke  Mtala  in  wki«h 
•  lid  tertlAiaie  ia  m^.i.j  «nd  the  said  reiorda 
rtiiil  es«mpliAcMi.iri4,  auihentUalMl  aa  afttre- 
-  ii.l,  sh4ll  kava  sut^h  faith  and  crtdil  given  lo 
'tipin  In  every  court  and  offlie  within  tke 
lliiiie»|  Htales  as  tkey  have  by  law  or  umk*  »" 
Ihe  courts  or  office*  of  the  Ht.tie  from  whence 
Ihe  same  are  or  tkrtll  be  tiikeii.* 

The  ()rovlaion«  of  botk  a<;ts  estend  lo  Ihe 
ret.pfds,  etr  ,  of  the  Terrli.iti«. 

If  the  cwrt.  whme  re.or.l  |«  certified,  has 
no  seal,  this  fact  «hould  spj^fir,  either  In  Ike 
certihtate  of  the  clerk  or  in  th.M  of  the  judge  • 

-tl". -T.V." '"      **"•  ^^'  r-*"*"*.  •'•low. 
RBPRSIHINO    MEMORY.     A  wii. 

ncsa  ha*  a  right  to  cuanutie  a  iiu  inorandum  or 
ita|ier  which  he  ma<lii  in  rrlmion  lo  certain 
fictii  when  the  same  occurr«>l,  in  order  to 
refresh  his  memory  j  hut  the  |>ni«r  or  memor- 
andum  liaelf  i^  i,„t  evidence.* 

RE0I8TBRS.  Alihough  not  originally 
inteiKled  f..r  Ihe  puip<»f»  of  evulrnce.  public 
rvgmtn  are  in  general  admiMililc  to  prove  the 
Uci»  to  which  they  relate.  Of  these  are  regie, 
ters  of  lurih^.  dcaih*  and  marrlii(rr«.  etc. 

REPUTATION.     In  general,  reputation 
l»  evidence  lo  prove  a  lyinioit'a  character  in 
s«Klety ,  a  pedigree.*    i  ^ rt.iin  prescriplive  or 
cu»'oinary  rights  and  ol.liaations;  and  matters 
of  nublic  notoriety.     Hut  as  such  evidence  is 
in  its  own  nature  very  weak,  it  must  be  sup- 
ported, when  it  relates  lo  a  right  or  privilege, 
by  proof  of  acts  of  enjoyment  of  such  right  oi 
privilege  within  Ihe  period  of  living  rr    mory  1 
Afierwards,  evidence  of  rejiutatlon  may  1m 
given.     The  fact  must  be  of' a  public  naluret 
II  must  be  derived  from  persons  filtely  to  know 
the  facts'     The  facts  must  be  general,  and 
not  particular  J   ihey  must  be  free  from  sus- 
picion.' 
See  Chakactu,  above;  WiTNiaiiM, below. 
RUMOR.     In   general,  rumor  cannot  be 
received  in  evidence;  bul  when  Ihe  question 
is  whetker  such  rumor  existed,  and  not  its 
truth  or  falsehood,  then  tvidence  of  li  may  be 
given.  ' 

SECONDARY  EVIDENCE  is  that 
species  of  proof  which  fs  admissible  when  Ihe 
primarv  evidence  cannot  be  produce.l,  and 
which  becomes  by  that  event  the  best  evidence.! 
But  before  su  h  evidence  can  be  allowed  it 
must  be  cleariy  made  lo  spoear  that  the  supe- 
rior evidence  U  not  to  be  ^ad.  1  he  person 
who  has  It  must  be  ap(>lied  to,  whether  he  be  a 
stranger  or  the  opposite  party ;  in  caae  of  a 
stranger,  a  subpccna  and  attachment,  when 
proper,  must  be  Uken  out  and  served:  in  the 
case  of  a  party,  notice  to  produce  such  primary 

..,•.'  roJ:  **  J"  •    '  *  *«■«"••.  >Wi   s  Can" 
ii6l  I  Sim.  ft  S.  Ch.  ijj,    4.1  M.  A  S  6in  •    .  T  5 

I  Surk.  £».  u-ti:  X  Willi    Rv.u  Am.  f".~,8""«: 

»r-j  B<>nv.  lint.  a.  30J5-  •  V^i_   .„. i^^'     '~- 

'scLAHAXioii;  Conss 


1  Ysata^  ip,:  Me  Hbmsav 


45» 


EVIDENCE. 


evidence  muat  be  prqved  before  the  lecondnry 
evidence  will  be  adtnitted.*  After  proof  of  due 
execution  of  the  original,  the  content!  should 
he  proved  by  a  counterpart,  if  there  be  one,  for 
this  is  the  next  best  eviaence ;  and  it  seems  that 
no  evidence  of  a  mere  copy  is  admissible  until 

Eroof  has  l>een  given  that  a  counterpart  cannot 
e  produced.*  If  there  be  no  counterpart,  a 
copy  may  be  proved  in  evidence  by  anv  witness 
who  kno.v)  that  it  is  a  cnpv,  from  having  com- 
pared it  with  the  original/  But  there  are  no 
degrees  of  second^^ry  evidence ;  and  when  a, 

Karty  has  laid  the  foundation  for  such  evidence 
c  may  pro'  e  the  contents  of  a  deed  by  parol, 
although  i(  appear  that  an  attested  cupy  is  in 
existence.*  See  DECtARATioNS ;  Lost  Pa- 
pers, abovr. 

Suggestions.  See  Leading  Questions; 
Questions,  above. 

TBLBQRAMS.  TelcRraphic  communi- 
cations must  be  proved  in  the  same  marmei'  as 
other  writings,  such  as  letters  and  contracts  ar: 
— that  is,  1 J  the  original.  If  that  is  lost,  it  r.ay 
be  proved  by  copy,  or,  i'v  default  of  that  bi'ing 
obtainablei  by  oral  testimopy.'  Sometimes  ;he 
person  to  whom  it  is  addressed  is  in  the  office 
when  it  i^  received ;  in  such  case,  if  it  is  not 
reduce>d  to  writing,  it  can  only  l>e  proved,  like 
other  mailers  resting  in  parol,  by  the  recollec- 
tion of  the  witnesses  in  whose  hearing  it  was 
repeated." 

TS8TS  are  those  things  by  which  to  ascer- 
tain the  truth  respecting  other  things."  A  paper 
may  b«  submitted  to  a  jury  as  a  test  or  standard 
1>y  which  to  determine  the  genuineness  of  other 
writings.*  They  are  only  admissible  when  no 
collateral  issue  can  be  raised  concerning  them.i* 

THREATS.  When  a  confession  is  ob- 
tained from  a  person  accused  of  crime,  in  con- 
sequence of  a  threat,  evidence  of  sudi  a  con- 
fession cannot  be  received,  ^'^ause,  Iieing 
obtained  by  torture  or  fear,  it  comes  in  so 
questionable  a  shape  that  no  credit  ought  to  be 
given  to  it.<>  This  is  the  general  principle,  but 
what  amounts  to  a  threat  is  not  so  easily  defined. 
It  is  proper  to  observe,  however,  that  the  thre.it 
must  be  made  by  a  person  having  authority 
over  the  prisoner,  or  by  another  in  the  pre<;ence 
of  such  authorized  person  and  not  aissented 
from  by  the  latter.' 

BY  TRANSLATIONS.  Whenever  any 
written  evidence  in  a  cause  is  in  a  language 
other  than  the  English,  a  written  translation  of 
it  in  the  English  langnage,  made  by  a  compe- 
tent translator,  and  verified  by  his  affidavit, 
may  be  read  in  evidence  instead  of  the  oiiginal, 
if  such  original  be  competent  evidence. 

Truth.    See  Afpirmation;  Oath,  above. 

VIVA  VOCE.  It  is  sai4  i^  witness  de- 
liven  his  evidence  vivai>oee  (with  living  voice) 


I1.7S.  fltR.  ii«;  4  Bin' I. 
bit.  «6:  8 Id.  978:  3T.t 
J.B.N.>.<5i;  tkeb.  117. 
I  Campb.  Ma;  S'Mui*.  (fa. 
O}.    I-a9V,t.l.  U7;  ■  III 


« Id.  «9«, 


But.'«6i.  8  Id.  »jBi  '_9  P.  ir^'iii.     t-6 T. 
;  oBinn.  a; 


1-09  Vcl.  117; 

ai-so  Vt.  iij.    \\, 

•-;  INnn.  St.  ftS ;  6  W^uut.  <>4. 


934 :  •  Taunt,  s*  • 
k-AC.  ATP.KSi  aid. 


7  pSnn.lf.  4»«;  «  Whait,    " 


. 4»«:        . 
g^Sc«  14  N. 


184. 
439 ; 


when  he  does  so  in  open  court ;  tt' «  term  in 
op|M)sed  to  deposition ;  it  is  somclinie^i  opposed 
to  Imlint;  as,  the  |)eople  vole  by  a  written  or 
printed  ballot,  but  their  representatives  in  legis- 
lature vote  viva  voce. 

VOIRE  DIRE  is  a  preliminary  examina- 
tion of  a  wilnesH  to  ascertain  whether  he  is 
competent ;  as,  where  he  has  an  interest  in  the 
cause  of  action,  fur  he  might  be  tempted  to 
lierjure  himself  if  he  testified  when  interested. 

WEIGHT  OP  EVIDENCE.  In  civil 
causes  the  preponderance  or  weight  of  ev' ..  ence 
determine*  the  case  in  favor  of  the  party  pos- 
sessing it.  In  criminal  causes,  proof  beyond  a 
reasonable  doubt  is  required;  a  preponderance 
of  evidence  may  fall  far  short  of  proof,  and 
proof  may  be  of  a  much  lower  degree  than  proof 
i)cyond  such  a  doubt,  which  should  be  required 
to  warrant  the  conviction  of  the  Accused. 

When  •  verdict  has  been  rendered  against 
the  weight  of  evidence  the  court  may,  on  this 
ground,  grant  a  new  trial ;  but  the  court  will 
exercise  this  power  not  merely  with  •  cautious 
but  a  strict  and  sure  judgment,  before  they  send 
the  case  to  a  second  jury.  The  general  rule, 
under  such  circumstances,  is,  that  the  verdict, 
once  found,  shall  stand ;  and  etting  aside  is 
Aie  exception.  A  new  trial  will  be  granted  on 
this  ground  to  either  party;  the  evidence,  how- 
ever, is  not  to  be  weighed  in  golden  scales.* 

WITNESSES. 

Testimony  is  the  statement  made  by  •  wit- 
ness under  oath  or  affirmation. 

A  witness  is  one  who  te:>..>ie>>  to  what  he 
knows.  One  who  testifies,  under  oath,  to  some- 
thing which  he  knows  at  first  hand.*  A  disin- 
terested witness  is  one  who  has  no  interest  in 
the  cruse  or  matter  in  issue.  An  ear  witness 
is  one  who  attests  to  things  which  he  heard 
himself.  An  eye  witness  is  one  who  saw  the 
act  or  fact  to  which  he  testifies. 

The  principal  rules  relating  to  witnesses  are 
the  same  in  civil  and  in  criminal  cases,  and  the 
same  in  all  courts." 

The  tetUmony  of  witneaaea  ia  taken  in 
three  modea : 

I.  By  affidavits. 

3.  By  deposition.  '  ' 

3.  By  oral  examination.  < 

CoMPSTKNCY  OP  WiTNKSSKS.  All  persons, 
of  whatever  nation,  mav  be  witnesses.*  But  in 
saying  this  we  must,  or  coarse,  except  such  as 
a^e  excluded  by  the  very  definition  of  the  term, 
and  such  as  cannot  qiuKfy  himself  by  taking 
an  oath.*  Therefore  all  who  cannot  nnder- 
Si«nd  the  nature  and  obligation  of  an  oath,  or 
whose  religions  belief  is  so  defective  as  to 
nullify  and  render  it  nugatory,  or  who  are 
otherwise  disqualiiied  by  statute,  or  otherwise 
are  excluded. 


•l-i  Lcsch  Cr.  Ch».  t«3.    M  C. 
I.  N.  C.  in  •  Gi^  Otoi.  Ct.  336; 


I  OrMsI.  St.  I  at. 

ft  P.  733.    a-a  BlnKh. 

4  Ycata.  437:  3  Me.  *ib;  t  Pfcfc.  im:  «  Wcad.  £1 

7ld.aSo;   •Va.Cia.«3S.     t-t  Orfcnl.  Ev.  VgS.m 

U-3  Graeal.  Kv.  H  S4»,  4M :   a  Vcs.  Ch.  41 ;    17  Nam. 

3<>i ;  J  Monr.  ss,  tSr ;  r  CTilo,  i< ;  y  M.  «7*.    x-Tm. 

Alir.  Ev.  (A)  Jac  I..  INit.  Kv.     w-5  &1.«.  C  C.  18. 


.;i«ssa^». 


open  court  j  rf  »  term  J» 

It  is  Kumciinic!!  oppoted 

lie  vole  by  •  written  or 

'  represent atives  in  legis- 

«  preliminary  examina- 
Mcertain  whether  he  is 
he  ha.<i  an  interest  in  the 
le  might  be  tempted  to 
eslified  when  inten»led. 
VIDKNCB.  In  civil 
ice  or  weight  of  ev' .  ence 
I  favor  of  the  party  pos- 
t  causes,  proof  beyond  a 
juired;  a  preponderance 
far  short  of  proof,  an<l 
I  lower  degree  than  proof 
vhich  should  be  required 
on  of  the  Accused. 
I  been  rendered  against 
i  the  court  may,  on  this 
rial;  but  the  court  will 
t  merely  with  a  cautious 
dgment,  before  they  yend 
iry.  The  general  rule, 
ices,  is,  that  the  verdict, 
d;  and  etting  aside  is 
'  trial  will  be  granted  on 
arty;  the  evidence,  how- 
bed  in  golden  scales,* 

atennent  made  by  a  wit- 
rmation. 

who  tei>..dei>  to  what  he 
Res,  under  oath,  to  some- 
at  first  hand.*  A  disin- 
e  who  has  no  interest  in 
1  issue.  An  ear  witness 
I  things  which  he  heard 
less  is  one  who  saw  the 
I  testifies. 

relating  to  witnesses  are 
n  criminal  cases,  and  the 


witnesses  is  uken  in 


ion.  '' 

^ITNBSSKS.  All  persons, 
IV  be  witnesses.*  But  in 
r  coarse,  except  inch  as 
nry  definition  ch  the  term, 
[Ualify  himself  by  taking 
til  who  Mnnot  under- 
obligation  of  an  oath,  or 
f  ii  so  defective  as  to 
E  nugatory,  or  who  are 
by  statute,  or  otherwise 


Lwch  Cr.  0». ««}.    MC. 
C.  too :  Gilp.  DIM.  Ct.  ist; 

t-s  Otfent.  £v.  ilt)*,  <M- 
I !  i  Vol  Ch.  41 ;  ij  mm*. 
MIa,  it;  1  M.  »7«,  r-Pac. 
.  Kv.    w-s  M.>.  C.  C.  It. 


EVIDENCE. 


Atktists.  Such  an  are  insensible  to  the  obli- 
gation of  an  oath,  from  defect  of  religious  senti- 
ment or  bfllief,  are  incom|)etenl.  Atheists,  and 
(lersonc  disbelieving  in  any  system  of  divine 
rtwwdt  and  punishment,  are  of  this  class.  It 
Is  reckoned  sufficient  qualification,  in  this  par- 
tic;  irr,  if  one  believe  in  a  God,  that  he  will 
rew«rd  and  punish  us  according  to  our  deserts. 
It  js  enough  to  believe  that  such  punishment 
v!j«»  us  in  this  world  only."  It  would  seem 
to  b.!  sufficient  to  believe  k  such  punishment 
.IS  ix  perjury  only,  if,  indeed,  it  be  supposable 
thM  i  man  might  lielieve  thus  much  without 
ext^;nding  his  faith  to  any  general  system  of 
'cwiwds  and  punishments.'  The  oath  may  fae- 
srtiiinistered  in  any  form  whatever,  and  wih 
afiv  i^^rremoniea  whatever,  that  will  bind  the 
con^cie^ce  of  the  witness.* 

Graiml  jmrors,  andptnens  prttent  before  a 
gi^iK'  j55ry,*  are  not  permitted  to  testify  to  the 
procsscUngs  had  before  that  body.r 

NuiiamJ  and  wife  ai«  excluded  from  giving 
tesi,m«iy  for  or  against  each  other  when  either 
IS  a  iwrty  to  the  suit  or  interested. 

This  rule  is  founded  partly  on  their  identity 
of  JnlefMt,  and  partly,  perhaps  chiefly,  on  the 
policy  of  the  law  which  aims  to  protect  the 
confidence  between  man  and  wife  that  is  es- 
s«ntiaJ  to  the  Hec  of  the  marriage  relation, 
and,  iStiough  that,  the  good  order  of  society. 
Whether  or  not  the  disia>tlity  may  be  removed 
hy  coasesit  of  the  other  it  a  matter  of  dispute.' 
Syme  exceptions  to  this  rule*  are  admitted  out 
of  necessity  for  the  protection  of  husband  and 
Alfa  a^dnst  each  other,  and  for  the  sake  of 
pubac  justice.* 

Mots,  ImnaHa,  imtaxieaUd  fertom,  am/ 
gtntrally  those  who  labor  under  such  privation 
or  imbecility  of  mind  that  they  cannot  under- 
stand the  nature  and  obligation  of  an  oath. 
The  ctmipetenqr  of  such  is  restored  with  the 
recovery  or  acquisition*  of  this  power.  And  so 
a  lun^  ia  a  lucid  interval  may  testify.*  Per- 
sons  deaf  and  dumb  from  their  birth  are  pre- 
sumed  to  come  within  this  princi|de  of  exclu- 
sion  until  the  coutraiy  be  shown.*  A  person  in 
« str  .e  of  intoxication  cannot  be  admitted  as  a 
witness.' 

Infamtt  so  young  as  to  be  nnaUe  to  unrnd- 
ate  the  nature  and  binding  quality  of  an  oath 
are  incompetent  A  child  under  the  age  of 
fourteen  &  presumed  to  be  incapable  nntil 
capacity  be  shown.  BnTthc  Uw  fixes  no  Umit 
of  age  which  will  of  itself  excludes  a  chUd 
five  years  old  has  been  admitted  to  testify.s    A 

'M:  m  rwui.  St.  •74;  iSwansl.  44;  liOhio.  iti:* 

I  PhOI.  B^in;il«,  ait  Cow.  ft  H.  Nous,  m.  li- 

"•C»«-4S5{   |C.  fcT.  is|s   •Cow.n;   14  M«».. 


4S3 

person  over  fourteen  years  of  age  is  presumed 
competent  to  testify.* 

Imltr^tUrs.  A  person  employed  between 
.nn  attorney  and  client,  to  act  as  an  interpreter, 
IS  considered  merely  as  an  organ  between  them, 
nnd  is  not  bound  to  testify  as  to  whot  he  has 
aoniired  in  those  confidential  communications.' 
^dgti  are  not  allowed  to  testify  to  what  was 
made  known  to  them,  or  took  pUce  before 
ihem  in  the  hearing  of  causes.^ 

Persons  in  possession  of  secrets  of  state,  or 
matters  the  disclosure  of  which  would  be  preju- 
dicial to  the  public  interest,  are  not  allowed  to 
testify  thereto."* 

Parlies  to  the  record  are  not  competent  wit- 
nesses for  themselves  or  their  co-suitors.  Nor 
are  they  compellable  to  testify  for  the  adverse 
party,  but  they  are  competent  to  do  so ;  although 
one  of  several  cosuitors  cannot  thus  become  a 
witness  for  the  advenury  without  the  consent 
of  his  associates.  Reeard  is  had  not  merely  to 
the  nominal  party  to  the  record,  but  also  to  the 
real  party  in  interest;  the  former  will  not  be 
allowed  to  testify  for  the  adveAe  side  without 
the  consent  of  the  latter.' 

By  the  statutes  of  many  States  all  parties  in 
interest  may,  subject  to  some  restrictions,  testify 
m  their  own  or  any  other  person's  behalf  in  any 
action  or  proceeding. 

A  party  to  a  suit  who  is  made  a  witness  by 
statute  IS  to  be<vme  such  under  the  same  requf- 
sitiona  and  restrictions  as  anv  other  witness. 
He  must  be  of  sane  mind,  of  sound  memory, 
of  suitable  age,  w.,ling  to  be  sworn,  and 
capable  of  Uking  an  oath."  Tlie  law  which 
renders  the  parties  to  a  suit  competent  and 
compellable  to  give  evidence  has  not  altered 
the  rale  of  law  which  requires  the  execution  of 
attwti  instruments  to  be  proved  by  the  sub- 
scribing witness." 

When  a  party  to  the  action  is  made  a  witness 
by  his  adversary,  he  is  entitled  to  be  paid  wit- 
ness-fees, as  a  condition  to  creating  it  his  duty 
to  attend  and  be  sworn  as  one  who  is  not  a 
party  to  the  action.* 

The  party  who  calls  his  adversary  as  a  witness 
thereby  represents  him  as  worthy  of  credit,  and 
cannot  afterward  impeach  him  by  showing  that 
«'««[''^  general  character  for  truth  is  bad,  or 
that  he  has  made  previous  contradictory  state- 
ments.* But  he  .nay  prove  a  fact  to  be  otherwise 
than  his  advenuury  has  testified,*  and  he  may  do 
a"  J  ^  P">*'"K  "dmissions  of  such  adversary.' 
And  thetestimonyotapartymay  be  controverted 


.  Ray.  M«d. 
Grecnl.  Ev, 
»,  3d  IM.  <; 

h". *  i?W'i**  »"£ ''  ■''"■  S» J  •»  t.  Jour.  (Vr  S.)  £t. 
Rob.  «07:  .  BMW.  &4.  .Sandf. 6*9.  ^ij B«b.V44 
Cod*  R.  141.    »..3  Uarb.  444;  j  E.  D.  SaUk'm-  m 


ioSit 
U.Cu. 


•»«. 


4S4 


EVIDENCE. 


or  impeached  in  the  Mune  manner  u  any  other 
witness.' 

Dt^ndantt  cunnot  UtHJy  for  tktmuhtt  un- 
lets aUntitd  by  statuit.  But  where  a  material 
wilncM  for  the  defendant  is  indicted  jointly  with 
the  defendam.  and  no  eridence  is  given  a>>ninHt 
him,  lie  will  tie  acquitted  at  once,  and  mny  iw 
a  witness  for  the  othor  defendant.* 

Examination  or  Witnessbs.  An  oral 
cxammation  is  an  examination  in  the  presence 
of  the  inry  or  tnbtuoat  which  is  to  decide  the 
fact,  or  act  upon  it ;  the  testimony  being  heard 
bf  tht  jury  or  triiranal  from  the  lips  of  the 
witness. 

Examinations  of  witneasM  are  had  viva  vote, 
by  quesi'ons  and  answers. 

On  miiiiun,  in  civil  and  criminal  cases,  wu- 
i\estes  will  geiierally  be  excluded  from  the 
couH  room  while  others  are  undergoing  exami- 
riViuri  in  the  same  case ;  this,  however,  is  not 
a  matter  of  right,  but  within  the  discretion  of 
thn  court.* 

Witnesses  are  required  to  tiistify  from  their 
own  kaowledge  and  recollection,  yet  they  are 
permitted  to  refresh  their  memory  by  reference, 
while  on  the  stand,  to  ^pers  written  at  or  very 
near  the  time  (A  tlie  transaction  in  question — 
even  though  they  were  not  written  by  them- 
selves, andthough  the  writing  in  itscjf  would 
be  inadmissible  in  evidence/ 

Being  once  in  attendance,  a  witness  may,  in 
general,  be  compelled  to  answer  all  quesitons 
which  may  legally  be  pot  to  him.*  Yet  there 
are  exceptions  to  this  rale.  He  is  not  com- 
pellable  where  the  answer  would  have  a  ten- 
dency to  expose  him  to  a  penrJ  liability,  or  any 
kind  of  punishment,  or  to  a  criminal  charge.* 
But  the  court  decides  as  to  the  tendency  of  the 
answer,  and  will  instruct  the  witness  as  to  his 
privilege.*  The  question  whether  an  answer 
Would  have  this  tender  oy  is  to  be  determined 
by  the  oath  of  the  witness."  And,  in  point  of 
fact,  oat  of  the  necessity  of  the  case,  it  is  a 
matter  which  the  witness  may  be  said  practi 
cally  to  decide  for.  himself.  The  witness  may 
answer  if  he  chooses;  and  if  he  do  answer 
after  having  been  advised  of  his  privileges,  he 
mutt  answer  in  full ;  and  his  answer  may  be 
Hsed  in  evidence  against  him  for  all  purposes.* 
Whether  a  witnesi  be  compellable  to  answer 
to  hit  own  degradation  or  infamy  it  question- 
able; but  a  witness  cannot  rerase  to  testify 
simply  because  his  answer  would  Uml  to  dis- 
grace him ;  it  must  be  se«i  to  have  tbat  effect 
certainly  and  directly.*  He  cannot  refuse  to 
give  testimony  which  is  material  and  relevant 
to  the  issue,  for  the  reason  that  it  would  dis- 
grace him;'  but  he  may  refuse  where  the  ques- 


;4 Abb.  yttj  )e Barb.  ajt^w-Hdt. N. P-ajj joC. 


P.  I3.    S-i  Stwk.  I7J3  r~i  Crienl.  Ev.  1433 ;  « 
f,„J9! :  *  C»"-  * '-  5?5  i  7  W-  <» !  •  9*tMi.  i»: 
3  Wh.  *i4.     y-i  OkcdI.  E».  {|  43»-440  : 


iPhOi. 


W. 


4it-«i6 ;  c  Cow.  ft  H.  ooMt  a.  3}7 ;   1  Static.  Ev.  lat ; 
to  Pick.  441 :  •  C.  ft  P.  *n !  loN.  H .  S44-    seSasuHe. 


I  GfNMi.iv.H  431,453 
Ev.  417;   4  Cart,  f^;   i  Uodo,  319. 
tf •«  Oraaid.  Sv.  t|  4S>,  4$3 :    i  Surh.  Et.  t44 :  a 


1PhiU.Ev.417.    iMPhill. 
I  Dodo,  319^  e-iy  Jur^ 


l*«v"^4^..„ 

K».  4SSi  4'*y**w.  ssa;   iiCa»h.  43?;   isVt.  491; 


tinn  (being  put  on  cross-examination)  io  not 
relevant  and  material,  and  does  not  in  any  way 
affect  the  credit  of  the  witness.s  Whether  a 
witness,  when  a  question  is  put  on  the  crosx- 
examination  which  is  not  relevant  and  material 
to  the  issue,  yet  goes  to  affect  his  credit,  will 
he  protected  in  refusing  to  answer  simply  on 
the  ground  that  his  answer  would  have  a  direct 
and  certain  effect  to  disgrace  him,  is  a  matter 
not  clearly  agreed  upon.  There  is  good 
ruason  to  hold  that  a  witness  should  be  com 
|ielled  to  answer  in  such  a  case.*  But  the 
whole  matter  is  one  that  is  largely  aubje<;t  to 
the  discretion  of  the  courts.'  And  there  seems 
no  doubt  that  a  witness  is  in  no  case  competent 
to  allege  his  own  turpitude,  or  give  evidence 
which  involves  his  own  infamy  orlmpeaches  his 
most  solemn  acts,  if  he  be  otherwise  qualified 
to  testify wt 

Cross-txaminatioH,  After  a  witness  has 
been  examined  in  chief,  the  other  party  has  a 
right  to  cross-examine  him.* 

One  of  the  principal  objects  of  the  cross- 
examination  of  a  witness  is  to  ascertain  the  full 
extent  of  his  knowledge  as  to  the  facts  to 
which  he  testi'ies.  It  is  certainlv  one  of  the 
most  efficacious  tests  which  the  law  has  de- 
vised for  the  discovery  of  the  truth;  and 
greater  latitude  is  allowed  in  the  manner  of 
putting  questions,  and  a  witness  may  be  so 
!(;d  as  to  bring  him  directly  on  the  point  as  to 
the  answer;  imt  not  to  go  to  the  length  of 
putting  into  the  witness'  mouth  the  very  words 
which  he  is  to  answer,'  or  echo  back  again 
leading  questionR,  however,  are  allowed  upon 
crost-examination.  Nor  are  the  rules  against 
queMions  not  relevant  and  material  to  the  issue 
always  enforced  upon  cross. exAmination~-a 
stage  of  the  trial  at  whir'-  great  latitude  in  the 
form  and  subject-matter  of  questions  it  gener 
ally  allowed,  in  order  that  juries  may  be  fully 
apprised  of  '  the  situation  of  i»ie  witness  with 
respect  to  the  subject  of  litigsH"*,  his  interest, 
>iis  motives,  hus  inclination,  an<i  prejudices,  his 
means  of  obtaining  ccrrec*  and  certain  knowl- 
edge of  'he  facts  to  which  he  beam  testimony, 
the  manner  in  which  b*  Ims  used  those  mean*, 
his  jx>wers  of  discemitient,  memory,  and  de- 
scription."* Vet  witnesso  cannot  be  at«M- 
examined  as  to  collateral  and  i/r<»l«vant  aaat 
tert  for  the  purpose  of  contradictii^;  them  hv 
other  evidence.'  Their  testimony  as  to  such 
matten  is  always  conclusive  tmdiat  the  part) 
queMtoning.  "If,  by  an  unferttinate  or  an 
skilful  question  put  on  cross-examination,  » 
fact  be  extracted  which  need  not  have  beer 
evid^ncf  upon  an  examination  in  chief,  dten  i< 
becomes  evidence  a^Uait  the  patty  so  cross 


^ .  1.    ft  Ctwal.  Ev.  {  4L 


Ev.  f  4»^  „  0< 


v.  H.  4y>.  «-i  Grenrf. 
Wcod.  »«>;  *  Iiad.  346. 
Gnod.  Ev.l^yl;  3C«» 

to*:  t  OraMl.  rJM.  I-Pw  1^ C jTit:  wTTr.  Ph 
■84!  94  flimr.  Si.  Tr.  tu.  tm-t  CSmbi.  My.  11  u& 
449!  ««*.  Ev.  440.    ■-rOmtil.  Ev.  i  449. 


lCr"nSW«»SWSB**S«*tKWW»TiMfflS->iV;W<!ifA-f3!!W)**!^^ 


■L 


S'&fl 


r/IDKNCE. 


4JJ 


croH-examinntion)  ii>  not 
I,  and  does  not  in  any  way 
the  witness.*  Whether  n 
stion  ia  put  on  the  cro«H- 

not  relevant  and  materint 
I  to  affect  hit  credit,  will 
ling  to  aniwer  simplv  on 
uwer  would  have  a  direct 
disgrace  him,  it  a  matter 

upon.  There  i«  good 
L  witness  should  be  com 

such  «  case>     But  the 

that  is  largely  subject  to 
courts.'  And  there  seems 
ss  is  in  no  case  competent 
rpitude,  or  give  evidence 
'n  infamy  or  impeaches  his 
he  be  otherwise  qualified 

AAer  a  witness  has 
kief,  the  other  party  has  a 
B  him.* 

pal  objects  of  the  cross- 
lees  is  to  ascertain  tjie  full 
edge  as  to  the  facts  to 
It  is  certainly  one  of  the 
I  which  the  law  has  de- 
rery  of  the  truth;  and 
lowed  in  the  manner  of 
id  a  witness  may  tte  so 
irectly  cm  the  point  as  to 
:  to  go  to  the  length  of 
(ss'  mouth  the  very  words 
er,'  or  echo  back  again 
>wever,  are  allowed  umm 
Slor  are  the  rules  against 
I:  and  m.^icrial  to  the  issue 
on  cross  examinaf'on— a 
hicb  great  latitude  in  the 
;ter  m  questions  it  genm 

that  juries  may  be  fully 
lation  of  (l>«  witness  with 
of  lltig^iiw,  his  inteteitt, 
latton,  an»<  prejudices,  his 
crrect  aiie  certain  know! 
'hidi  he  beans  teatioKHiy, 
b*  hM  used  those  m«an«, 
niuent,  memory,  and  de 
tnesscj  cannot  be  etxMs 
teral  and  i/retevant  mat 
if  contradictkig  them  bv 
leir  testimony  at  to  guch 
iclttiiive  wdnat  die  par^y 
>y  an  unfmtunate  or  un 

oa  croM-exwoinatian,  a 
lich  need  iiot  have  beer 
mination  in  chief,  then  it 
[klatt  the  puty  to  atom 

^'Jfi*-    ;»  »M  tol;    . 

ft  Gtccnl.  Ev.  {  ^yi.  gr-i 
)l>.  si»:  MM.H.f*:  »0«*y. 

1 4 JO ;   f  Stalk.  Jtv.  KHrHJ  i  » 

MtlWtad.4u-i  jfatan.  K)4. 
•«r  %m  cJTiu  J  feTr,.  Ph 
IS.    m-s  GMiS.  Ey.  ■  A^ 


examining.*  The  cmts-examlnation  of  a  wit- 
ness it  a  matter  depending  much  upon  the  dit- 
cretion  of  the  court,  which  will  tometimes 
permit  one  to  cross-examine  hit  own  witness 
when  he  appears  to  be  in  the  interest  of  the 
adverse  party.' 

A  crott-examination  as  to  matters  not  ad- 
missible in  evidence  entitles  the  party  produc- 
ing the  witness  to  re-examine  him  aa  to  those 
mtttert.i 

Inquiry  mav  b«  made  in  regard  to  collateral 
facU  in  the  discretion  of  the  judge,'  but  not 
merely  for  the  purpose  of  contradicting  the 
witneu  by  other  evidence.*  Irrelevant  ques- 
tions cannot  be  allowed;  but  if  answered, 
cannot  be  contradicted.* 

A  witneM  who  has  not  been  sworn  cannot 
be  cross-examined  ;•  but  if  sworn,  he  may  be 
cross  examined,  though  no  question  hat  benn 
aslced  faim  in  ciiief.» 

Ihrea  exammiuim.  The  course  of  exami- 
nation it,  first,  a  direct  examination  by  tho 
party  producing  the  witnest;  then,  if  desired, 
a  cross-examination  by  the  adverse  party,  <ind 
a  reexamination  by  the  party  prfMiucing."  As 
to  the  direct  examination  the  general  rule  is, 
that  leading  questionii*  (i.  /.,  such  as  suggest 
the  answer  expected  or  desired)  cannot  be 
put  to  a  witness  by  the  party  produ,  ing  him ;/ 
but  in  an  examination  in  chief  leading  ques- 
tions nay  be  put  to  direct  the  witness'  attention 
I  he  subject  of  inquiry;'  or,  where  he  seems 
I..  i«  ho»litt  lothe  party  prodticing  him;  or, 
in  .he  adverse  party's  in<«reat;  or,  unwilling 
!i)  give  eridenct'  ;•  or  wiriics  u>  conceal  the 
truth,  or  fiivor  the  aoft/a  «  |Mtfty .  q,  where, 
from  the  natrre  of  the  case,  the  mind  of  the 
witness  CMn>  r  be  dire4;ttid  to  the  subject  trf 
HMjuiry  wjthoitf  a  pariictilar  apecifjcalion  of 
"hsubj-ct.*  ^ 

RtexammaHm.    The  ri^t  of  re-examina- 
extencb  t„  sdl  i/sipict  upon  which  the  wit- 
"  -  haa  beer-.  .r(»»  examined  ,  but  the  witness 
•ot.  A  this  stage,  be  questioned  «■  to  any 
111  w  factt  unconnected  with  the  subject  of  the 
cross-exa«iinatio»   and  no*  'iHiding  to  explain 
It/    But  in  dvi!  <;<t«et  the  >/Mti  will  allow  the 
p!i...?jff'^  cott*»sri,  »jk*t  he  ha«  ■  loied  fait  case, 
'0  recall  «  witness  to  prove  a  point  orcitte')  in' 
<>  first  saaiance.' 

If  a  witnest'  obwacter  haa  been  .^wnked  in 
iog«.eK«»i*rtion,  the  plaintiff    tay   jrove  a 
Senery   (ootf  <*«r»cter.»    See  Cimjiactwi, 
above. 

•->  Staik.  Bv.  144;  * 


*or<b  w  be  edMsd  hack,  cr  irfjUnU-  s„gg«M  the  ««iZr 
4W*n4.  947.    in  diitteai«lii«exHmiiMrissai4taAaif 


The  mode  of  determining  the  credibility  of 
witnesses  is  the  same  in  civil  and  criminal 
cases.' 

tmttachmtnt  of  WUntsin.  Impeachment  is 
an  allegation,  supported  by  proof,  that  a  witness 
who  has  been  examined  is  unworthy  of  credit. 
Eveijr  witness  is  liable  to  be  impeached  as  to 
his  character  for  truth ;  and  if  his  general  char- 
acter is  good,  he  is  presumed  at  all  times  to  be 
ready  to  support  it.s 

A  party  cannot  impeach  the  credit  of  hit  own 
witness ;  but  he  is  sometimes,  in  cases  of  hard- 
ship, permitted  to  contradict  it  by  other  testi- 
mony.* 

The  credit  of  an  adversary's  witness  may  be 
impeached  by  cross-examination,  or  by  general 
evidence  aflfecting  his  reputation  for  veracity 
(but  not  by  evidence  of  particular  facts,  whic' 
otherwis*  are  irrelevant  and  immaterial) ;  and 
by  evidence  of  his  having  said  or  done  some- 
thing before  which  is  inconsistent  with  his  evi- 
dence at  the  trial ;  also,  of  course,  he  may  be 
contradicted  by  other  testimony.'     Generally, 
where  proof  is  to  be  offered  that  a  witness  has 
said  or  done  something  mconsistent  with  his 
evidence,  a  foundation  must  first  be  laid,  aiw* 
an  opportunity  for  explanation  offered,  by  ask- 
ing the  witness  himself  whether  he  has  not  said 
or  don«  what  it  is  proposed  to  prove,  specifvmg 
particulars  of  time,  place,  and  person/    These 
rules  apply  to  depositions,  unless  the  inconsis- 
tent statements  were  made  after  the  depoaitions 
were  talcen.* 

A  witnete  atsMad  on  a  point  of  general  bad 
character  ia  tonwtimet  sostamed  by  a  cross- 
"xaininafion  of  witnetccs  to  character,  to  show 
their  improper  ototives,  or  the  unsatisfactory 
gro>mdt  of  their  alleged  knowledge;  or  he 
may  be  instained  (w  the  testimony  of  witnesses 
who  will  swear  that  his  general  character  is  good,' 
A  witnf  3«  anailed  by  proof  of  former  incon- 
sistent atatements  may  be  corroborated  by 
prool  «f  other  statet«entfs,  consistent  with  hi)- 
testimony  in  court;"  whether  the  statement 
thus  used  in  c«rrobonition  wet  on  anth  or  not 
it  not  material." 

Evidence  of  genenl  good  €tmnicAvt  may  be 
offered  to  support  ft  witnest,  whenever  his 
c^rdit  is  inipeached,  either  by  general  evidence 
aftectinjT  his  chrj«cter,or<m  croBt-eaaninfttion.* 
See  title  Cha«acte«. 
WRITINGS. 

Private  writings,  as  deede,  contractt,  wilk. 
etc,  are  generally  admissit^e  In  e  /idence. 
him  to  the  a,»wer.    It  <s  n&t  eaqr  s«  dstcrmine  wiiM  is 

<83;  I  Phm  Ev,  »,<.  i  iStwk.  Ev.'ii;  i  ^,naA  Ev 
«  434 :  .  Start.  8!J  .  id.  I.S.  »-,  Surlc.  S.  7c»m* 
43-    ^«Gre«nl.  Ev.t4j3:  R.&M.1J6     fc.,C.in5b 

J»4.*/ W.    If..  St,Tk,  Ev.  .47;  .T,?JS"ev  S443, 
443-     .t-Slark.  Ev.  pt.  .v,  1753  ;    ,  G««nl.  Ev.  BIJ, 
thill.  Ev.«3:,do,rif 


H.  «;»./•.  wi  s  ««okf.  a.jr ;  e  id.  49<T  7  w  rte :  » 

■t-«  loncf  I.  J48     I.,  f'onuii.  4U1.    m-^  ■%u:k''  »«• 
U-Ba«.A(»,iBi;,(r.);"4^' 


it-j  Joiwf  L,  4*8 
4  HM.  11*3 :   «  Id 

■itt. 


1-4  Coiau. 
5M. 


'  -  •3^j^..'.:ii'..sw-i^v.- 


4S« 


EVIDENCE— FRAUD. 


There  in  no  diATerence  in  evidence  between 
Mftled  Mid  uMcaled  writingt ;  Mid  everv  writ- 
ing not  sealed  has  the  same  force  and  eflect 
that  it  would  have  if  lealed. 

I'roof  of  handwriiing  is  made  by  the  testi- 
mony of  a  witness  who  saw  the  paper  or  signature 
actually  written,  or  one  who  has  by  sufficient 
means  acquired  such  a  knowledge  of  the  gen- 
eral character  of  the  handwriting  of  the  party 
as  will  enable  him  to  swedr  to  bit  belief  that 
the  i..indwriting  of  the  person  is  tho  handwrit- 
ing in  «|Uestion.* 

An  inurument  in  writing  must  be  proved  by 
at  least  one  subscribing  witness.'  If  there  be 
none,  by  competent  proof  that  the  signature  of 
the  penon  whose  name  is  undersigned  is  sen- 
uine.*  A  knowledge  of  a  porty's  handwnting 
may  be  derived  from  e.  fixed  correspondence 
between  the  parties,  and  by  letters,'  and  where 
the  witness  has  directed  letters  to  the  parlies 
and  received  answers,'  and  by  a  clerk  empiuyed 
to  inspect  franks,*  The  opinions  of  persons 
accustomed  to  t'le  examinMion<)f  handwriiing, 
of  the  genuineness  of  a  signature,  by  coroptring 
it  with  papers  in  the  party's  handwriting,  already 
filed  in  the  case,  maybe  permitted.*  Proof  of 
the  death  of  the  attesting  witness  ;*  or  his  in- 
sanity;* his  residence  beyond  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  court ;  that  his  name  is  unknown  $  or 
that  he  cannot  be  found  aflcr  diligent  inquiry ; 
in  all  these  cases  the  execution  of  the  instru- 
ment may  be  proved  by  other  evidence.* 

If  the  adverse  party,  pending  the  cause, 
agrees  to  admit  the  execution,  other  proof  is 
not  necessary.' 

'  Mm  P*rt«.  Sm  PiiACTica. 
Kx  Pwat  Fneto.  Sc«  Law. 
KxamiMC^  <'A|*y>  See  Evidbhcb. 
Ex««|>li*N«,  SceCoKTitACTS;  Practicb. 
Ex«ll»MC<B.  See  Bonds. Noras  /mo  Bills'  Mbr- 
CAHTILB  Law. 
Emelu«lT«.  See  Timb. 
EacaiM.  Sec  Practice. 
Esccal*.  See  Convrvancbs. 
Ex«c«tMi  C*nnid«mtl*st.  SeeCoHTBACTs; 

CnNSICBBATION. 

ExcciltlMS.  See  Practicb. 
Ex«c«ll«*.  Se^rricf  and  OmcBn*. 
Exeoatov.  See  EsTATBs :  Pbrsoms. 
Excwpllirjr.  See  Damacim. 
Ex«MMi*«.  See  Kkbcutioii:  PbActicb, 
ExklUI,  See  PBAcncB. 
Ex|>Mrtik|i««.  S«k  CmsBH. 
ExMrta.  Sec  EvuhwCb. 

KxilMC«tallM««t.  See  COMTRACTS, 

RxtMrtlMi.  See. Criminal.  Law. 
EXtMM>l.  See  CorvRiOHT. 
Ky*  WltMM.   See  Kvidbncb;  WnH&itsBS. 
VllCtM.  Sec  EvruBNCB 

Vmetmiem.  Se«  BAiLMaifrs. 

r«E#«  IW|prto*MXi»iit.  See  IiiivrKOMMaitT. 

fata*  9hr0Um»m.  See  Criminal  Ijlv. 

.TtJlmtm»9t.  %m  Pravd. 

VfmmUj^,  See  PsKsom ;  Rblations. 

Vmnmmr.  Sec  OccurATKtur. 

Vanrtor.  Sec  OceurATiow. 

fmth*r.  ScePaasom:  Rblaticm. 

FtktMQX.  See  WaionTS  amo  MbasiiBRS. 

WmMU  Sec  COHTRAc  nt. 

^'SMU- SeeCkSMiNAt  LAt«r. 

••»  Phdi.  E».  4t3  i  S^tntkit  Et.  :  e  Johns.  C«».  •»»  i 
%J(iliti«,  %4f,,  tfiii,  lu;  I  t>nll.  k4:  eMe.  33:  6S.ik 
r  3*8;  f  Ndw  ft  M-e  JM !  R  W.  «eoi  Amh.  N.  ?. 
n:  4  Cray,  167:  sCush.  eoS!  j  Com.  Dig.  447;  Bac. 
AM.  StUmtt  IM)  Daine  A6r.  Sadcx.  M-4  |dnnt.  Sti  s 
t  J<d«H.  Cas.  3^;  a  &ut.  «$:t.     Q-iaSiavL  'M i   •* 


T»m  MiNipl*.  See  CoNVBTAmraa :  Dbbm. 
VimTsII.  Sec  CoMVBVANCn ;  Dbbds. 
Patosslvaaly.  See  Criminal  Law. 
VmIwh/.  Sac  Criminal  Law. 
Fmsim*.  Sec  Pbrsonr. 

>*•■••.  Sec  RrAL  PROrBRTT. 

W*wm  NatsirfB.  Sec  Animals. 
Wmrvjf,  See  Highways. 
Wtmn  r«clJM.  See  Practicb. 
Wtumtmrn.  Sec  Contracts  ;  Practicb. 
na*l  D*er««.  See  Practicb;  Judombnt. 
rimilJsi«l«Sisesst.  SccPracticr;  Iuimimbnt. 
Flaal  Pmsccsa.  .See  Pbacticb;  Procbss. 
VlvM.  See  Partnsrsmib. 
Vtok.  See  Animals. 

Ptahory.  Sec  Rbal  PRorBRTV ;  Watbr. 
Ftxls^(  B»ll.  See  Practicb. 
Fixtarwi.  See  T..ANDLoaD  and  TbNamt. 
Flw*  Sec  Intbrnational  Law. 
Fllflit.  See  Cmminal  Law. 
r«eueM«.  See  Mbdical  Law. 
WmUut,  See  Mbdical  Law. 
Ftt«l.  See  WuGHT*  and  Mbasdbbs. 
F*i«iM«  ENtiv  or  l>«tala«r.  See  Pbacticil 
F«r««i«*«r«.  See  Pbacticb. 
FM«l|ni.  Sec  Practicb. 
r4»r«l§H  AM««iliM«st«.  See  Pbacticb. 
F*l«lfSi  JaUvaacMt.  See  Pbacticb. 
F*r«lfss  I.MWB.  See  Laws. 
ForllBUHr*.  See  Contbacts;  Cbiminal  Law. 
Forscrr.  See  Cbiminal  Law. 
F4»n«.  Sec  Pbacticb. 
F«r«iilll|r.  See  Contbacts. 
F«rM«r  mn^vry.  See  Practicb  ;  Judombnt. 
F«rtNlt««n  Event.  £«e  Acciurnt. 
ForwNrdlBff  MerelumU.  See  Aobht*  ;  Bail- 
mbntb. 
EnsMclita*.  Sttc  CoaroBATioNS. 

FHAITD.  Sec  Aobnct;  Contracts;  Convbt- 
AMCBS.  btc. 

Frauo  is  the  unlawful  appropriation  of 
another's  property  with  knowleage,  by  design, 
and  without  criminal  intent.  Fraud  is  some- 
times used  as  a  term  synonyniouc  with  "  covin," 
"collusion,"  and  deceit,  bat  improperly  so. 
"  Covin  "  is  a  secret  contrivance  between  two 
or  more  persons  to  defraud  and  prejudice 
another  «  his  rights.  "Collusion"  it  an 
agreement  between  two  or  more  persons  to  de- 
fraud another  iind|r  the  fbhnt  <^  law,  or  to 
accomplish  an  ill^l  purpoae.  Deceit  it  a 
fraudulent  contrivance  bv  wordi  or  acts  to  de- 
ceive a  tliird  person,  who,  relying  thereupon, 
without  carelestness  or  neglect  of  his  own, 
sustains  damage  thereby.*  Actnal  or  positive 
fi4ud  includes  cum  <rfthe  intentional  and  suc- 
cessful enploy^-nent  of  any  canning,  deception, 
or  artifice  used  to  circumvent,  cheats  or  deceive 
another.^  For  instance,  the  misrepresentn^on 
><y  word  or  deed  of  material  fs^tts.  br  which 
one  exercising  reasonable  discr^  i ..'  >  conii- 
dence  is  mteled  to  his  injjnry,  <-',;.)>«.  tac  mis- 
repTv.  ent«tion  was  known  «c  Lie  '«'?;,  or  only 
not  known  to  be  true,  or  evr  ;  ir>i;r'-  altogether 
innocently;  the  suppression  1'  .n^erial  facts 
which  one  perty  it  iSgally  or  equitably  boand 
to  ditetcNk.>  to  another  t  all  caset  of  uncmscien- 
tiont  advantage  in  bargaint  obtained  by  ii.ipa 
sition,  circarovention,  surpvtte,  and  undue  in- 
Aueaos  over  persont  in  geieial,  and  especially 


\^! 


P.  *«4;    I 
sCftP. 


W«j«.t»;3  0h«o. 

P.  WiM,  4»i.    r-il  -  -  j^  _. 

•1.    nRftM.  »90.    «4  P*i.  EV.7T4. 

•W-r  1 .  R.  »*? i  ti.  Mi-d.  607.    w-3<— 

•)S'.    x-i  CfstrtK  J7» ;   »Ph.  Ev,  <jj: 

E..»t,  itj;  I  Snu*.  «o.    ».Co.  tin.  ni,  *•    *•«  Bewr 

Kq.  Jm,  i  lOi. 


6Hra^i:  B.N 
Pft.«v.  4«7; 

14.  a-tsOhlo,**^ 
Oiinpii.  ••3:  avc». 
tii :  6  East.  (4 :  a 


t*8feibtSM»i^waBai«wa»Wt!Meii»&^ 


CoNv«TA«cw;  Dmm*. 

VBVANCU;    D»IM. 

I  Criminai.  Law. 
MAL  Law. 
am. 

'ROrHTV, 

M  Animal*. 

AYS.  ^ 

:  PraCTICI. 
-RACTIi   PRACTICB. 

«  Practicr:  Judomikt. 

U    Sm  PrACTICR;  JuiMiHRNT. 

ice  Practicb  :  Procrm. 
UMir. 

L  pROrRRTT  :  WaTRR. 

Practicr. 

<DlX>RO  AND  TRMAMT. 

noHAL  Law. 
(AL  Law. 
mcAL  Law. 
^lLaw. 

AHD  MraIDRIS. 

ir  D«tala«r.  Sm  Piuctilk. 
Practicr. 
met. 

Mcnt.  See  PRAcncR. 
•«t.  Sm  Prlacticr. 
Im  Laws. 

ONTRACTs;  Cumimal  Law. 
iinal  Law. 

B. 
OKFRACn. 

•jr.  Sec  Practicr;  Judomrmt. 
It.  £m  Acciurnt. 
r«luuit«.  Sm  AasHTs;  Bail- 

SRrORATIONR. 

INCV;    CoKTRACn;    COMTBT- 

inlawful  appropriation  of 
ith  knowledge,  by  design, 
t  intent.  Fraud  is  some- 
lynonyinous  with  "covin," 
eceit,  but   improperly  so. 

contrivance  between  two 
)  defraud  and  prejudice 
^ts.  "Collusion"  is  an 
wo  or  more  penons  to  de- 
■  the  fohn*  of  law,  or  to 
al  purpose.  Deceit  b  a 
:e  Inr  words  or  acts  to  dc- 
I,  WHO,  relying  thereupon, 

or  neglect  of  his  own, 
reby.*  Actnal  or  positive 
of  the  intentional  and  suc- 
)f  any  cunning,  deception, 
cumvent,  cheats  or  deceive 
nee,  the  misrepresentation 
r  material  fs<ts.  br  which 
sable  disrr.-.  f  ...I  ..'  confi- 
s  injury,  r  '•,?.»>«.  im  mis- 
nown  tc  iLie  "i^^ :,  or  only 
!,  or  evf  .  T'l ;  '■  '^together 
nression  i>'  >nAtcrial  facts 
>sgally  or  eqnitably  bonnd 
ri  all  cases  of  unccnscien- 
ugains  obtained  by  iupa 
I,  sirp'iise,  and  urdce  in- 
in  g£ieial,  and  especially 

tfHrojjoi:  B.  N.  P.  .&.:  i 
^t  Klt^.  467.  fjpti'. 
B  F*).  Ev.  7i«.    ■-i^Omo,  4»*, 

607.  w-3C«npb.st3:  sVcs. 
I  Ph.  JLv,  fits ;   6  Eut.  84 :   a 

«.C«.  Lit«.  Hi/,  *•    *•«  Stmr 


FRAUD, 


over  those  who  are  iiy  reason  of  age,  infirmity, 
idiocy,  lunacy,  drunlcenness,  or  other  incapacity 
iinable  to  take  due  care  of  and  protect  their 
own  rightn  and  intcrestii;  bargains  of  such  an 
iincunscionabie  nature   and   of  such  grus*  in- 
oquality  as  naturally  lead  to  the  presumption 
of  fraud,  imposition  or  undue  influence,  when 
the  decree  of  the  court  can  place  the  parties  m 
sldlM  quo;  cases  of  surprise  and  sudden  action 
without  due  deliberation  of  which  one  party 
takes  advantage;  fraudulent  awards,  with  in- 
tent to  do  injustice ;  fraudulent  prevention  of 
acts  to  be  done  for  the  benefit  of  others  under 
false  statements  or  false  promises;  frauds  in 
relation  to  trusts  of  a  secret  or  si>ecial  nature ; 
frauds   in   verdicts,  judgments,   decrees,   and 
other  judicial   proceedings,   and   frauds  upon 
creditors  and  other  persons  standing  upon  a 
like  equity,  are  cases  of  actual  fraud.'     Legal 
or  constructive  fraud  includes  r.Mch  contracts  or 
,^cls  as,  though  not  originating  in  any  actual 
design  or  contrivance  to  perpetrate  a  frsud,  yet 
by  their  tendency  to  deceive  or  mislead  others, 
or  to  violate  private  or  public  confidence,  are 
prohibited  by  law.     Thus,  for  instance,  con- 
iracU  against  some  general  public  policy  or 
fixed  artificial  policy  of  the  law;  cai.es  arising 
'rom  some  peculiar  confidential  or  fiduciary  re- 
lation between  the  parties  where  advantage  is 
Mken  of  tha;  relation  by  the  person  in  whom 
the  trust  or  confidence  is  reposed,  or  bv  third 
persons;  agreements  and  otuer  acts  of  parti eij 
which  operate  virtually  to  delay,  defraud,  and 
deceive  creditors;  purchases  ot*^ property,  with 
fidl  notice  of  the  legal  or  equitable  title  of  oJhsi- 
iwrsons  to  the  same  property  (the  purchaser  be- 
coming by  construction  tarlicip^  erimmit  with 
the  fraudulent  grantor).' 

To  constitute  fraud:  i.  It  must  be  such  an 
.ipi)ropriaticn  as  is  not  permitted  by  law.  a.  It 
must  be  with  knowledge  that  the  property  is 
another's,  and  wi,th  a  design  to  deprive  him  of 
it.  J.  It  is  not  "itself  a  crime,  for  want  of  a 
crimmal  intent,  though  it  may  oecome  such  in 
cases  provided  by  Ir.w.* 

Freud,  in  its  ordinary  application  to  contracts, 
incFudw  any  trick  or  artifice  employed  hv  one 
person  to  induce  another  to  fall  into  or  detain 
him  in  an  error ;  so  that  he  may  Jake  an  agree- 
ment contrary  to  his  inttmt ;  and  it  mt  /"con- 
sist in  misrepresenting  or  concealing  material 
facts,  and  may  be  eiTected  by  words  or  by  ac- 
tions. While,  on  the  one  hand,  courts  have 
aimed  to  repress  tha  practice  of  fi-aud;  on  the 
other,  they  require  tha'  before  relieving  a  party 
from  a  contract  on  the  gio;:nd  of  fraud,  that  it 
■-iiould  be  made  to  appear  that  on  entering  into 
^ach  »  contract  he  exercisec'  a  One  degree  of 

PI  Stnnf  Eo.  Jur.  c. «.  4I-1  Story  Eq.  Jur .  e.  j.  «. 
I.ivenn.  Pen.  L,  739  f-fJfffoofifxf  •>«<  Jarminti. 
tu,  tmcurmni  Unt—lhfs  Uw<  aBji.t  the  virjlant,  not 

4,  M.  ft  W,  us.  m.    toJ<  ei«ir&  f.  Ho.  L.  jjj :  torn. 


Conii'.^    PerTiiHla  „ 

h ?r/»5:  '•' '  Per LinlediJi,  jf.  j.',  FonM;;;qur' ... 
(jd  E4.)  60,  «.,■  whEci  laa,  and  note* ;  Newl.  Comf. 
Jj«;  n  W,  Bl,  465;  IJougl.  450  j   J  Burr,  i^-^;   3  Ve». 


;  .•  ?'  }:'•   3  Mann,  ft  3.  446,  4M. 
LinledaJe,  Jf.    J.i  Fonhlanque  Kq. 


4S7 

c.iiiiion.'    A  misrepresentation  as  to  a  fact,  the 
truth  or  falsehood  of  which  the  other  party  has 
an  opportunity  of  ascertaining,  or  the  conceal- 
ment of  a  matter  which  a  person  of  ordinary 
sense,  vigilance,  or  skill  might  discover,  does 
not  in  law  constitute  fraud.     Misrepresentation 
as  to  the  legal  effect  of  an  agreement  does  not 
avoid  it  as  against  a  party  whom  such  misrepre- 
sentation has  induced  to  enter  into  it,  every 
man  being  presumed  to  know  the  legal  effect 
of  an  instrument  which  he  signs,  or  of  an  act 
which  he  performs.     An  intention  to  violate, 
entertained  at  the  time  of  entering  into  a  con- 
tract, but  not  afterwards  carried  into  effect,  does 
not  vitiate  the  contract.*     But  when  one  person 
misrepresents  or  conceals  a  material  fact  which 
is  peculiariy  within  his  own  knowledge,  or,  if 
it  be  also  within  the  reach  of  the  other  party, 
is  tt  device  to  induce  him  to  refrain  from  in- 
quiry and  is  shown  that  the  concealment  or 
other  deception  was  practised  with  respect  to 
the  particular  transaction,  such  transaction  will 
be  void  on  the  ground  of  fraud.''    And  even 
the  concealment  of  a  matter  which  may  disable 
a  party  from  performing  the  contract  is  k.  fraud.' 
EFFECT   OF   FRAUD.     Fraud  when 
sufficiently  proved  and  ascertained,  avoids  r 
contract  (specialty  or  transaction),  ab  initio, 
whether  the    fraud    be  intended   to  operate 
against  one  of  the  contracting  parties,  or  against 
third  parties,  or  against  the  puWic,*  and  this 
though  the  fraud  does  not  appear  on  its  face." 
I.  The  fraud  must  be  material  to  the  contract 
or  transaLtion  wTtich  is  to  be  avoided  on  account 
of  it;  for  if  it  relate  to  another  matter,  cr  to 
thisoii-y  in  a  trivial  and  unimportant  way,  it 
•iffords  no  ground  for  the  actioii  of  the  court. 
Thus  a  misrepresentation  by  the  vendor  of  a 
horse,  as  to  the  place  where  he  bought  it,  is 
not  such  a  material  fraud  as  will  avoid  the  sale 
of  the  horse.'     2.  It  must  relate  distinctly  and 
di'ectly  to  this  contract ;  and  it  must  afltct  it' 
very  essence  and  substance."    j.    The  fraud 
roust  work  an  actual  injury.     Tf  it  be  only  an 
intended  fraud,  which  is  m.vei    carried  into 
effeci,  or  if  all  be  done  that  was  iivtended,  bat 
the  expected  consequences  do  not  v«sult  from 
it,  the  law  cannot  recognize  it."     And  if  there 
be  a  fraud,  and  it  be  actuilly  iniurions,  the  in- 
jured party  can  recover  only  the  damage  di- 
rectly attributable  to  tht  fraud,"  and  not  an 
increase  of  this  damage  caused  by  hi.»,  own  indis- 
cretion or  mis'ake  in  relation  to  it ;»  and  if  no 
damage  bt  caused  by  the  fraud,  tio  action  Mts.'* 
4.  And  it  must  appear  that  thi  injured  parly 
not  only  did  in  fact  rely  upon  the  fraudulent 
statement,'  but  had  a  right  to  rely  upon  it  in 
full  belief  of  its  truth;  for  otherwise  it  was  his 


StS.Ch.^.-jCWttyC.  L.  .5,, 


litty  Contr,  81,  sai. 


jo*.  598 ;  I  Sch.  &  L. 

iom«t.  L.  Civ.  p.  1,1, 

.     .    2  StarHie  Er.  sS6 ;   3 

1-5  Dow.  1S9;  J  Barb.  471      ns- 


1 1«,  ft  W.  jis  J    js  C.  B.  Roi;   119  &.g,  L.  &  E<5.  »«4  , 
S  C.  B.  y/j;  tg  Enj.  L.  «■  Eq.  »9o;  nj  Peaa.  Si.  413! 


t  Stois  N.  R.  J3  ;  3  Mann.  &  G.  44^':  1  Exch.  7i>8. 

Si.  < 
3  Ired.  507;   jCusJs.w. 


Cm: 


^.  &  t.  MI3. 


<!;!i ;    3  Irec. ; 


.   .    ,       ss.  JO?  ; 
«J\-n  Ma««.  jss;   »«M«.»4j; 
r-ix  Wcad.  374;  4  Da.  jj. 


'Si^^ifeWinffiMMMIHy :. 


4Sl 


PRAUO. 


own  fa«]t  or  folly,  iind  he  cannot  aak  the  l*w 
to  relieve  him  from  the  consequences.*  Where 
•  party  is  obliged  to  rely  upon  the  ttatemenu 
of  another,  and  not  onlr  may  but  should  repose 
pecniiar  confidence  in  him,  this  is  in  the  nature 
of  a  f(|iecial  trust,  and  the  law  is  very  jealous  of 
a  betrayal  of  this  trust  and  visito  it  with  great 
severity.  So  all  transactions  with  feeble  per- 
sons, whether  they  arc  so  from  age,  siclcness, 
or  Infirmity  of  mind,  are  carefully  watched.* 
On  the  other  hand,  if  the  statement  be  false  in 
/act,  and  injurious  because  false,  if  it  were  be 
lieved  to  be  u  «e  by  the  party  making  it,  it  is 
not  a  fraud  on  his  |T«rt.»  If  the  siatement  be 
in  fact  Mse,  and  be  uttered  for  a  fraudulent 
purpose,  which  is  in  fact  ^accomplished,  it  ha.i 
the  whole  eflTect  of  fraud  in  annulling  the  con- 
tfact,  although  the  penon  uttering  the  state- 
ment  did  not  know  h  to  b«  false,  but  believed 
it  to  b«  true.'  If  the  falsehood  be  known  to 
the  party  rrtaking  the  statement,  mulice  or  self- 
interest  «U1  be  inferred.* 

The  fraud  of  an  agent,  by  a  misrepresenta- 
tion which  is  embodied  in  the  contract  .o 
which  his  agency  relates,  avoids  the  contract. 
But  the  party  commifting  the  fraud  cannot  in 
any  case  himself  avoid  the  contract  on  the 
ground  of  fraud.* 

In  general,  concealment  <s  not  in  law  so 
great  an  <^nce  as  misrep,  .-sentation.  Con- 
cealment to  be  ar.lionabIe  must  of  course  be  of 
such  facts  as  the  party  is  bound  to  communi- 
cate.' A  false  representation,  ia  order  to 
have  the  full  eflTect  of  fraud,  must  relate  to  a 
substantial  matter  of  fact,  and  not  merely  to  a 
inatter  which  rests  in  opinion,  or  estimate  or 
judgment.*  Men  differ  in  opinion ;  and  if  any 
one  relies  on  mere  opinion,  instead  of  ascer- 
taining facta,  it  is  his  own  folly. 

Misrepresentation  need  not  be  made  by  the 
party  whom  it  benefits,  in  order  to  constitute  a 
fraud  against  him.  And  it  i^  for  this  reason 
that  if  A.  trust  B.  upon  the  fraudulent  recom- 
mendation of  C,  A.  is  not  left  to  his  action  for 
daaaa^et  wainst  C./ar  fie  dtttit,  but  the  fraud 
of  C.  mvaadates  the  contract  between  A.  and 
B.,  and  give*  A.  the  same  right  to  retake  the 
Roods  as  if  the  fraud  had  proceeded  directly 
from  B.  himself.*  It  may  bt  his  by  adoption.* 
A  princ^wl  may  commit  a  fraud  by  an  agent ; 
or  may  even  be  affected  by  the  fraud  of  his 
agent,  althoo^  penonally  honest.f 

Material  mtsr^Mrcaentations,  which  go  to  the 
snbstance  of  a  contract,  avoid  that  contract, 


iS-isS.  ft  lUfih.  J»^^ew.  (Mita 


los;  4B.  ftC.  y>8 

ion;   *  Imd.is;    ; 

Johns,  qi.  t3l:  tKMMi,  n-    W-S 

»*  \x  .  •  &  '/"  '  &"=■•  '•»i^* 

rinr(Dct 


J  D«v.  ^: 

I  Kmm,  n 

xch. 


S77;jHUGas:*BtM>. 

(  Psaa.  K.  305.     t-9 

;Q.  B.S90:  >Eai. 

jSe%.  y.  ft  Ba._47o 


■EM' I     "f^'va.  7asi     auw^.  U.BM.  470; 

«r.  in  I  I  Met.  i;  4  Id.  »»t:  7 OaaA.  fa;  « 
I  i8ailA(l*<i.)iM:  1  &ft*r,  »«i  1  Hat- 
y  iji }  e  Ban,  «6 :  i*  Haw.  ^t',  7  Vt.  «7; 
Pr.  »,#.  aM ;    I  Hell,  jl;  j   •  Man.  ft  O.  475- 


aow.Pr 

Btrobn,  •»<i;  i  PtV,  Jj 


v-ii  \i.  ft  W.  «»i.     w-ia  l(ct.  $49 
Btrr.  nch    x-CMtty  Comr.  ifs,  aad 
■*-*■*.  »» ;  3  Coon.  4«3 J  S  A 
4*7:  •  K.^I.Vj: 

Rirvm,    rmti   I  W»V.  J$t  ;    »  JOBRI.  4O"  : 

!•}  Blaekf.  it;  3  Buislr.  94 ;  tS  Me.  .  ; 


Je.  jo;   i 

6  Humpb.  36. 
7  Scott,  341 : 


whether  tuey  are  caused  by  ntislake,  and  occur 
wholly  without  fault,  or  are  dcttiuncd  ami 
fraudi'tent.*  This  principle  is  carried  so  far, 
that  if  one  acquires  pro|)erty  by  a  purchaic 
founded  ufion  his  misrepresentations,  esiiecially 
if  they  are  not  only  false  but  fraudulent,  he 
ncqaire*  no  right  in  the  property,  but  ihe  seller 
may  retake  it  In  the  same  manner  as  if  it  had 
Iwen  stolen ;  that  is,  with  all  reasonable  neces- 
sary force.*  The  obtaining  goods  under  false 
pretences,  under  color  of  purchasing  them,  or 
otherwise,  does  iiot  change  the  property.' 
Where  a  sale  is  fraudulent^  procured  by  the 
vendee,  he  may  be  sued  by  the  vendor,  before 
the  expiration  of  the  credit  agreed  on  to  be 
given.* 

A  fraudulent  party  cannot  himself  assert  hit 
fraud,  and  claim  as  hix  right  any  advantageK 
resulting  from  it ;  for  no  man  can  be  permitted 
to  found  any  rights  upon  his  own  wrong;'' 
nnd  if  both  parties  are  in  fault  the  law  will  not 
Interfere  between  them :  and  this  is  so,  if  both 
pnrtirs  be  actually  fraudulent,  although  the 
i>eginning,  and  the  greater  fraud,  may  be  on 
one  side  or  the  other? 

The  fraud  may  be  proved  by  parol  evidence, 
or  any  circumstances,  however  contraiv  to 
a)>parent  facts  or  statements)  n.  the  >vritte« 
inAitrument.i  This  rule  docs  :^-  -o*"  avne 
the  general  one  against  th*  adm.  «).■?:  ,ty  of 
pnrol  testimony  against  written,  as  iu^  cffeci 
tiiid  result  of  such  evidence  is,  that  the  instru- 
ment never  had  any  operation  j  and  on  grounds 
of  policy  and  necessity  this  rule  maybe  sup- 
ported.* The  mode  of  proving  fraud  must 
depend  upon  the  facU  of  each  particular 
case. 

Fraud  give*  no  action  in  an>'  case  withoui 
damage,*  and  in  matters  vf  contract  it  is  merely 
a  defence ;  it  cannot  in  any  case  constitute  a 
new  contract."  It  is  essentially  ad  homintm^ 
(to  the  interests  or  passions  of  .the  party). 

STATUTE  OP  FRAUDS.  No  action 
shall  be  brought  in  any  of  the  following  cases, 
(unless  made  in  writing  and  signed  by  the 
party  to  be  charged  thereby,  or  by  some  person 
thereunto  by  him  legalJy  authorized)  : 

I.  To  charge  an  eKccntor  or  administrator, 
upon  any  special  promise,  to  answer  damages 
out  of  his  own  estate ;  or, 

a.  To  charge  any  person,  upon  any  special 
promise,  to  answer  for  the  debt,  ddault,  or 
raiscaniisge  of  another;  or, 
3.  To  charge  any  person,  upon  any  agree- 

•41  Vl. 

.  -  Baw.  105: 

$  Bloc.  ^-  C 

•McaSc* 

«Id.«4<;  }S«»iry>jr»;   4  B.  Moa.  «oi.    •-tBVt.  304. 

&A.  jt!7 ;  t  W.  il.  3«».  l-i  MefW  4fe:  i  Ohio  &. 
»<s:  *o  WMd.  « !  »  Falrf.  ,t :  <7  Mlia.  13.  J.B.  N. 
I'.iTt;   US.  ft  A.  370-     li^.B.  ft  C.  faj.     i4T- «- 


t  SInmism,  ft9  J  «  8«o«t,  s4o:  t  B.  ft  C.  ««3. 
>M.    1^3  Suaiaer,  t ;  10  S.  ft  Marsh,  ifa ; 
a  Elltt  a  8.  476:  ao  Ena.  L.  ft  Eq.  i 


7.:.', 


97;  3  Scam.  170;  17  Ohio,  j6.  «-»!  Vi.  lae,  and 
tbcrrin  nviaw^.  <i-3  Ho.  ^77 ;  4  How.  (MiM.l 
4ScaBi.369;  Coar,  4»;  1  Woodb.  ft  M.  96 ;  Id! 


f> 


led  by  n'Ulake,  and  ocrm 
t,  or  are  dniuned  and 
rincfpic  !*  carried  ao  far, 
pro|)ertjr  by  a  purchaar 
renresenUtioni,  ennecially 
'  lalie  but  fraudulent,  he 
he  property,  but  ibe  »«ller 
Mme  manner  a*  if  it  had 
with  all  reasonable  neceti- 
taining  Kood*  under  faliie 
>r  of  purchasing  them,  or 
;  change  the  proiierty.' 
idulenlly  procured  by  the 
led  by  the  vendor,  before 
:  credit  agreed  on  to  be 

cannot  hima«lf  attert  his 
his  right  any  advantages 
no  man  can  be  permitted 
upon  hi»  own  wrong,' 
i  in  fault  the  law  will  not 
m :  and  this  it  so,  if  both 
rraudulent,  althoug^h  the 
'retler  fraud,  may  be  on 

woved  by  parol  evidence, 
■»,  however  contrary  to 
itements  •>>  the  writte^^ 
jle  does  ::  -'  "o^  rnvnc 
in»t  th«  «dm.  •)*  ,ty  of 
rat  written,  m  vu4  effect 
idence  it,  that  the  insiru- 
peration ;  and  on  grounds 
tythis  rule  maybe  aup- 
of  proving  fraud  must 
lets   of  each   particular 

ion  in  an>'  case  without 
n  if  contract  it  it  merely 
in  any  case  constitute  a 
essentially  W  kemitum'^ 
siont  of  .the  party). 
FRAUDS.  No  action 
y  of  the  following  cases, 
ting  and  signed  by  the 
ereby,  or  by  some  penon 
Uy  autboriicd) : 
ectttor  or  administrator, 
iiise,  to  answer  damages 
or, 

«fCon,  upon  any  tpecial 
NT  the  debt,  default,  or 
;  or. 
jwnon,  upon  any  agree- 


•;  «  B.  ft  C.  6*3. 
.  ft  Marsh.  169 :  I  __, 
L.  ft  Eq.  im;  s  Bing. 
16.    •.»  Vc.  iM,  and  caSc* 


,.    •■tiVl. 

iarsli.  169 :  I  BaiT,  le 


"^^■ 


:  woodb.  ft  M.  90 ;  M.  34* : 
B.  Mod.  601.    e-iC  Vt.  J04. 

116 !  19  M*.  Xii  a  KtiAad. 
IM«.*»;  Cro.J.«2>-  sB. 
l-iMcUuu^Oa.iWoSt. 


FRAUD. 


459 


»> 


ment  or  promise,  made    in  conaideration  of 
mairiaffC!  cr, 

4.  Upon  any  contract  for  the  tale  of  lands,  or, 

5.  Upon  any  agreement  that  it  not  io  be  per- 
nirmed  within  one  yeai  Trom  the  making  there- 
■  <(,  unlesa  the  promise,  contract  or  agreement, 
u|»n  which  such  at  tion  shall  be  brought,  or 
^ome  memorandum  or  note  thereof,  shall  be  In 
writing,  and  signed  by  the  (wrty  to  be  chaiged 
ilierewith,  or  by  some  penoii  thereunto  by  him 
lawfully  authorised ;  excepting,  however,  leaaet 
I'll  exceeding  the  term  of  three  years.* 

I'he  consideration  of  anytuch  promise,  con- 
tract, or  agreement,  need  not  tet  forth  in  tuch 
ivrlting,  but  may  lie  proved.' 

A'o  attitm  skati  bt  mainlaitud,  to  thargt  any 
I'titoH  by  rtaten  cf  any  reprtstntatian  made 
ciinceming  the  character,  conduct,  credit,  abii- 
iiy,  trade,  or  dealings  of  any  other  person,  un- 
k-sii  such  representation  be  made  in  writing, 
.md  signed  by  the  party  to  be  charged  thereby, 
iir  by  some  person  thereunlc  by  him  legally 
authorized,^ 

It  it  ubviout  that  the  general  purpose  of  the 
.nixive  section  it  to  permit  no  party  to  bind  him- 
'.elf  except  by  a  written  promise  signed  by 
him ;  because  this  will  secure  an  exact  state- 
ment and  the  best  evidence  of  the  terms  and 
conditions  of  the  premise.' 

What  it  a  tmficirut  signmg.—K.  aulistaiitiai 
signing  of  the  agreement  iit  sufficient,  although 
ii  is  not  literal  and  formal.*  Hence  if  tSe 
A'^reement  be  not  itself  signed,  bat  a  letter 
laudia'^^to  M)d  acknowledging  lite  agreereKt 
n  *igvwr<t ,  Kni,  }8  « ^':ffi<:ient.•  It  a  .notjiow  ivar, 
e.  uffh  ttiiat  tbe  .agreement  be  written  by  the 
<  .»ty  ^inaeir,  uii'm*  b«  also  tigita  it.*  If,  how- 
e  :«.  "s*  write»  h>»  iiu.i.yi.  in  any  part  of  the 
»gr*«^'  v;,-ir»»f  be  Uken  as  his  signature ;* 
iiut  nv  J  ■:  Jieifwide."  Where  one  it  in  the  habit 
of  using  instruments  with  hi«  name  printed  in 
them,  this  will  be  bis  signature.*  And  so  if  he 
writes  it  in  pencil.'  The  agreement  need  not 
Iw  signed  by  both  parties,  hut  only  Ly  him  who 
is  to  be  charged  by  it  ;•  and  be  is  ettopped 
from  denying  the  execution  of  the  instrument 
iin  the  ground  that  it  wanU  the  si^piature  o)'  the 
nttier  party.  The  signature  may  be  made  by 
an  agent,*  but  the  agency  miut  be  an  agency 
for  this  purpoae.*  The  eigeni  nay  be  authorised 
liy  parol.* 

o-ij,  Car .  II.  t^h.  3, 1 4.  |».M.  p 
(k  t^B^ow1l  Stat.  Fraud*  J  34«.  •.«AiJi__._,  ^. 
Bro.Ch.  .«..3,8:  aB.&Kaj  j^,.  ,go;'r&j»fb' 
5>3 :  3  Tamil.  i«9  j  3  Bmv.  4e»  t  s^ch.  907 ;  6  Cow. 
^"'n'.Sf"y'**'"  S*****'*:  »AI«.  m6;  iBIng.n. 
»•!  P.Wau.na:  3  Marrlw.  .;  i»!.  B.tloo™,  »i« ;  To 
t>h'o.  309 ;  4  Scou(N.  R  )  4«6 :  3  }tia». 399 :  7  Mian. 
368.  »-»  Rut.  ft  M.  «sis :  »  M,  ft  W.  «5l:  1  *  Johns. 
3  M«ririw.  jii  13  Mats,  87 :  i  Esp. 
W-tCox,aia;  3  Pick.  83;  lojur. 
,  _,. a  B.  ft  P.  ttSi  iH  ftS  06.    *. 

347;  5  B.  ft  C:.  .34.    »-Vln.  AV.  ilt.T.  ami  A.  (I.)^ 

IN.  C.)»«;   6  B4«.  307:    3  tauut.  169':    <  M.  ft  S. 

7Bb«  4V>;  y  MtBt.  87;-  •  Mott.  ft M'Coit!, aoTTs 

e/otWr^Ti    HSiawat^;   •OiiMr.aas;   i  H.  H, 
i«4;  M  «•  «  W.  743  i  t  Bing.  (If.  CTJ  Mji  ,  Meniw. 


)  AiUat,  3m,    t-3 
p.  190;     ^       ' 
(ch.  3 


3».     V-i  Rut.  ft  M 

io»)    14  Id.  4*4  i    3I 

190 ;  a  B.  ft  P.  itS. 

7«9-    X'SEtp.  lio; 


The  agrMmtmt  mast  contain  all  that  belongi 
essentially  to  the  agreement,*  and  more  thah 
this  is  not  neeiled ;  nor  can  parol  evidence  b« 
received  to  supply  anything  which  is  wanting 
in  the  writing,  to  mulca  it  tAe  written  agree- 
ment on  which  the  |)arties  rely,*  The  form 
of  the  agreement  must  Kj  adequately  expres- 
sive jf  the  intent  itnd  obligation  of  the  par' ies. 
It  mav  be  upon  one  or  many  pieces  of  paper; 
provided  that  the  several  pieces  are  so  con- 
nected by  mutual  reference  or  otherwise  that 
there  can  be  no  uncertainty  as  to  the  meaning 
and  effect  of  them  all,  when  taken  togrther 
and  viewed  as  a  whole;'  but  this  connection 
of  several  parU  cannct  be  established  by  ex- 
trinsic evidence.*  The  written  agreement 
must  be  certain.^  If  the  contract  be  in  its 
natum  entire,  and  in  one  part  it  satisfies  the 
statute,  and  in  others  it  does  not,  then  it  I 
altogether  void.'  But  if  these  partu  are  sever- 
nble.  then  it  may  be  good  in  part  ai>d  vdd  in 
(.art  .J 

"  7i  atun>er  for  tht  Mt,  dt/amU,  or  misear- 
riagt  of  anothtr  ptrtm."  This  clause  covers 
all  guarantee*,  and  ia  of  great  importance  in 
reference  Jo  them.  lu  general  effect  is  to 
/nake  it  necri«ary  that  all  collateral  pron^ises 
should  be  in  writing;  and  only  when  the 
(womite  is  distinctly  collateral  is  it  within  thit 
clause  of  the  staitute.  In  the  absence  of  evi- 
dence showing  distinctly  that  a  (>romiae  is 
collateral,  it  will  be  tfeate<j  as  v«  original 
promise.*  Nor  is  it  then  material  whether  'he 
promise  is  made  before  iw  after  the  deliveiy  at 
ihegoodt.' 

There  mitst  be  .wme  one  who  owe*  the  deht 
directly.  T^icre  fc.ust  exist  an  o>  <ginal  WjiUtr. 
as  tbe  fonndatiou  for  the  collalCTal  liability,  «iid 
one  of  these  liabilities  must  be  entirely  di&tinct 
from  the  other.  If,  therefore,  the  credilof 
trusted  to  one  of  the  parties  more  than  to  the 
other,  but  did  in  fact  trust  to  one  together  with 
the  other,  it  is  not  within  the  statute.  The 
party  for  whom  the  promise  ha*  been  made 
must  be  liable  to  whom  it  is  made ;  and  it  U 
equally  necessary  that  be  continue  liable  after 
making  the  Dromite ;  that  is,  the  promise  of 
tht:  party  tuMiertiiking  mutt  not  have  the  effect, 
prior  to  its  performaace,  of  discboigir.g  the 
party  origiwuly  liable.  In  order  to  bring  » 
pronise  within  this  clause  of  the  statute,  ic 

»3?     tyou*f.  aj.  3«7.     b.4B!at.  7WI.    c-i  Sch.  ft 

Abr.  so.ri.  •«:    VIn.  Abr.  C.  ft  A.  (k  )  pi.  4,;    la 

ri<mttt.  tm.  f-fne.  In  Ch.  560;  ,  <  Vet.  550 :  ,  At- 
■j'"?'  ",4.  '  ^-  ^"»-  '•':  3  Kxch  633  5  la.  633 :  t 
Johns.  Ch»73;  3  Johns.  39^,  ^Cmii.ftj;  13  Met. 
j»S ;  a  GilBttn, «i4:  7  Pon«. jj.  13  Juhnt.  agj ;  « 
tackf.  ai.      •-14  How.  446-      f-4  E»cb.  t^j ; 


&B.  1S7;  3T*u8t.  1IJ9 
L.Cat.  s^.  K->$di.< 
«  Jobat.  Ch.  «73.    k-i3  Jt>hm.  sgy 


-14  *»< 

Ch^3t8;  a  B.  ft  P.  «sf ;  3  Vc*.  Aod.  5  ii.  ^:  j  Vm. 

TauBC  i«9  i  15  Vt.  %;  Chaym.  SB  ■  6  H. 

ff-t  Bdi.  ft  L.  «■ :  iV«t.^    ijVt.Ms; 


iM.  l-a  Anttr.  410 ;  Id.  4»8,  «. ;  7  T.  R,  «oi ;  j  C  8. 
j« ;  »  V«ntr.  »«.•  7  A.  ft  E.  49 ;  10  B  ft  C.  664:  iS 
C.  B.587;  «5  «c«.  j»;  6CittK.  J08  ,3W«nlf.  S3. 
J.3  B.&C.M7;  *  t:ro»p.ftH.9«.  fc-»  Vt.  Jtjj  j 
n  A.  ft  E^}l.  Is  T.  a.  toi  3  Dmm  : j«  :  McHuUi^ 
<•!■«.  3*4:   ifiti.  II}:   <  rotiet    1.0:    13  V» 


37»; 

63.. 


iHMMI 


iffWilBWI 


4<o 


FRAUD. 


muil  h«  m«dfl  to  a  fmrty  »o  whom  the  penon 
unilertaken  for  l«  !l«ble.  The  iinlute  apnliw 
only  to  ptomiM*  m»de  lo  (b«  icitoiii  lo  whom 
another  it  »\rttn\y,  c  r  in  ro  become  untiwerable ; 
U  mum  be  •  prnmine  to  be  tiiswerable  for  a 
debt  of,  or  a  default  in  tome  duly  by  that 
other  person  towatdt  iki  ^rtmittt.  A  prom- 
Ue,  therefore,  by  A.  to  B.  to  pay  a  debt  due 
from  B,  lo  C.  i«  not  wiihin  the  ilatule." 

Whenever  the  main  pttr^HMe  and  object  «)f 
the  promikor  ii  not  to  annwer  for  another,  but 
to  lubierve  M)me  purixMe  of  hit  own,  hit 
proniine  in  not  within  the  ttatuie.*  If  one  of 
teveral  person*,  wlio  are  liable  jointly  or  lev- 
erally  for  the  payment  of  the  same  debt,  prom- 
itet  the  creditor  to  jwy  the  debt,  this  is  not  a 
caae  within  the  staluie;  for  although  the  per- 
formance of  the  promiie  will  have  the  effect 
of  dischiirginK  I'le  >thera,  it  it  lo  be  presumed 
thltt  the  thing  in  contemplation  of  Ihe  promisor 
was  hit  own  discharge.*  Thit  clause  of  the 
statute  doet  not  embrace  coses  in  which  the 
liability  to  pay  the  debt  of  another  arises  by 
operation  of  law,  out  of  tome  transaction  \tt- 
tween  the  partiet,  without  the  aid  of  Mysfitdal 
fromitt.  Thus,  if  A.,  who  it  indebted  to  B., 
tends  money  to  C.  to  pay  the  debt,  and  C. 
accepU  Ihe  Irutt,  h«  thereby  becomes  liable  !o 
B.  for  the  debt  of  A.»  The  wordt  "  debt,  de- 
fault, or  mitcarriage,"  extend  to  a  liability  for 
•  mere  tort.« 

"No  ttclioH  shall  it  brought  upon  amy  ton- 
tract  for  tht  tdh  of  landi,ttntmtnts,  or  htrtdi- 
tamtntt,  or  amy  inttrtst  in  or  coHetming  thtm, 
unhti,"  tte.  These  wordt  are  very  genera), 
and  intended  to  have  •  wide  operntion;  but 
they  have  been  tomewhat  controlled  by  con- 
itruclion.  Thut,  if  the  question  be  whether  a 
contract  for  the  tale  of  growing  crops  be  •  con- 
tract or  tale  of  "  any  interest  concerning  landt," 
it  teemt  to  be  answered  in  conformity  with  the 
Intention  of  the  parlies.  If  grain  be  rea[:«d 
and  tiacked.  or  ttored  in  barnt,  it  becomea  a 
chattel.  If  it  be  growing  when  sold,  yet  if  the 
tale  contemfdatet  its  teverance  when  grown, 
and  delivery  of  itthen,  distinct  from  the  land, 
it  is  in  the  contemplation  ut  die  partiet  a  mere 
chattel,  and  it  therefore  to  in  the  view  of  the 
law,  so  far  at  this  statute  ts  concerned.'  So, 
-growing  grata,  growing  treet,  or  fruits.  A 
jiromise  fo  pey  for  improvementa  on  land  is 
only  a  promite  to  mty  for  woric  ana  iabor,  -r 
materiaJt,  and  niH  lar  aci  imer«>t  in  lands,  and 


s«-ii  Ad.  ft  EU  ,^38: 
Cnm.  317;  I  Denio,  4s 
I  Gray,  m  :    s  Allaii, 


T}  McM.  ft  W*U.  jet;    » 
16  Bu-b.  645;   e  Cush.  S49: 

5  hM,  483.     wi  Hat. 


-  -^ —  c.)  m.  5  H«,  481,    _  ,  — 

0»»».3»«-    •-•&»«.  JK.    i4Ala.  dii;   j  Hod.  sm  . 
Coaib.  <«ti   iiOratt.  ^:    -WII..30S.     »-o  Sauar. 
Ml :  I  Cona.  S19 :  3 1^  «7i ;  J  Bwr.  ilW;  t  East.  3.5 ; 
rM.  ft  S.   to4;   4  Wag.  ««4.    •-»  ■•  »  AM.  &3 
s  Osy.  «».     r-t  Mat.  itxi   4 Milt  W.  j«, •   t  M^. 

M.  a  W.  343 :   sITfc  C  ii, :  .  VoUc.  ft  Jar.  »«:  . 
Osjil^jw!    i:Barl.s4s;    aid.  6ij:  iL.Cayin.iBs; 


B.ftT».M7r«id:«.; 
■  JoHm.  4si,ji.  {»);  a  Cow 
"        .  jl; 

W     i3Batl.a4@;    ».Ci— . ,.    ,  ^. 

n^l  Jonas.  373;   i:  Id.  14s;   7  Cewss,  163; 


i  bst.  6m  :    II  'li:.  3Ca ; 

i^^'J^-    »"**o.4S7i    »•*• 
3B.  &C.  J57:    a  Btixt.  &  B. 


ft  S.  »«:   •  Tounu  „.   ^  --■-    ,„  .    .  .-.-. 

i3Kasl.a4@;    i  Cmuii.  ft  M.  89 ;    7  Grc««l,  447 


8  Ricli. 


therefore  need  not  be  in  writing.*  And  •  eon 
tract  for  Ihe  sale  of  ramnvahle  fiilurct  ia  not 
within  the  statute.*  A  mere  license  to  use  laml, 
as  lo  slack  hay  or  grain  upon  it  for  a  lime,  ii 
not  an  interest  in  lands  within  the  statute  • 
But  any  contract,  of  which  the  effect  is  lo  give 
one  parly  an  easement  on  the  land  of  another, 
is  within  the  statute.' 

"No  ixtioH  shall  if  mainUintH  upon  any 
agrttmtnl  that  it  mot  to  bt  ptrformtd  within 
tht  spact  of  emi  ytar  from  »ht  makimg  thtrtof, 
umltss,"  tir.  An  executory  promite  capable  of 
entire  performance  within  one  year  Is  not  within 
this  clause  of  the  statute.  The  decision  of  thin 
miestion  does  not  seem  to  depend  entirely  uix)n 
tne  understanding  or  intention  of  the  partie*. 
They  may  contemplate  as  probable  a  much 
longer  continuance  of  the  contract,  or  a  sus 
pension  of  it,  and  a  revival  after  a  longer  period ; 
It  may  itself  be  liable  to  >.-.ich  continuance  and 
revival  \  and  it  may  in  this  way  be  pr  ^traded 
so  far  that  it  is  not  in  fact  performed  ilhin  a 
year;  but  if,  when  made,  it  wat  in  reality 
capable  of  a  full  and  bona  fid*  performance 
wiihin  a  year,  without  Ihe  intervention  of  extra- 
ordinary circumstances,  then  il  is  lo  be  consid- 
ered as  not  within  the  statute.  There  are  three 
classes  of  caset  ari'ing  under  this  clause  of  the 
statute  I  I.  Where  by  the  txprtss  agrttmtml  oj 
tht  portits  the  performance  of  the  contract  '\s 
not  to  be  completed  within  one  year.  These 
catea  are  clearly  wiihin  Ihe  statute.*  3.  Wh«re 
it  it  ovident  from  tht  subjtct-malltr  of  Ilk*  ton- 
tract  \\m.  the  parlies  had  in  contemplation  a 
longer  period  than  one  year  aa  the  time  for  its 
performance.  Thcte  cates  are  within  the  ttat- 
ute.'  3.  Where  the  time  for  the  performance 
of  the  contract  is  made  to  depend  tipon  tome 
contingency,  which  may  or  may  not  happen 
within  one  year.  These  caset  do  not  come 
within  the  ttatute.* 
FrMMIalea*  C«MV«]r»i«««.     8*a  Cowvev- 

ANCBt. 

.  rrclcllt.  Sea  Bailmbmts;  CABBiaas;  MAairiMt 
Law. 

rNbllMYC  npMH  JaMlee.  Sea CaiMiHAi. Law,- 
iMTaaiiATlONAi.  Law. 

y«ll  Am.  Sn  Paaaom. 

rarnlHlM.  Sm  PaasotiAL  PaorBBTV. 

Wmeikfm  AiMiMMmw^  Sat  CoNvnaiicxs: 
Dana. 


■ttir*  ■•«•«•.  Sea  EaTATBO. 
tltoa.  -     - 


J.  Sm  WaisHTti  .tND  MBAtimBa. 
Ssc  Cbimimal  Law  :  Pbisoh. 
Sea  Rbai.  pBoraarr :  Houta. 

SaaPBACTica;  ArrAciiMBinr. 
iT'^tl?^-    *-3  D«y|  47«;  •  Cramp.  M.  ft  R..«.    mt 
M.ftW.a4S:  *oAh.4isj  ijWead  jSo:  i  Met,  uj; 


Conn 


!??■    »**J*M;   J  HI9.IJ0;   Gray,  tji;   4  !l 
R.)77iaC7B.l3s:  SlMet.39:  31  Ma.  sss:  1 


39a;  iSPMt.s^:  taCom.MS;  isMcmm;  ijWtiid. 
««.     jF^i  Kat^^ ;  10  Ma.  tw ;   <o  Johni.  t44 !  3 

jBlng.  4»i  «  Mat. 4« ;  ••  Mo. (»^  Bxeb. ^1  4B 
Mod.  4>> i  10  Bast,  iso ;  a  C.  B.  M;  1  H.  Clf . li , 
JO  W«^.  4*6  ■  »«  Pklc.  97 :  19  Id.  3«4 :  7  Mat.  4<:  4 
Md.4]«;  asC«Mi.49Si  4lHiM,43r:  31  Vt.  s«aj  a 
aam.  Cb.  gi. 


'^ 


M  in  writing.*  And  •  eon 
f  rvmovnble  fiilurct  l«  m»i 
A  mere  licenne  to  um  land, 
min  upon  it  for  •  time,  i« 
Itndi  within  the  ilaiule  • 
which  the  efleci  in  to  give 
!nt  on  the  land  of  another, 

if  mainttiitut  mp*n  any 
10/  10  ie  ptrformtd  wilkin 
r  from  >kt  making  Iktrtnf, 
ecutory  pronnine  capable  of 
rilhln  one  year  in  not  within 
itute.  The  deciiion  of  this 
em  tu  depend  entirely  upon 
>r  inlrnlion  of  the  parties 
>late  a»  probable  a  much 
of  the  contract,  or  a  fu!)- 
Bvival  after  a  longer  period ; 
e  to  k'.ich  continuance  and 
r  in  this  wav  b«  p'liracted 
in  fact  periormea  ithin  i 
I  made,  it  wu  in  reality 
nd  bona /iti*  performance 
It  the  intervention  of  extra- 
ces,  then  il  ii  to  be  coniid 
«  Mntute.  There  are  three 
ng  under  thin  clau«e  of  the 
y  the  expreit  mgrttmtnl  of 
irmance  of  the  contract  \\ 
I  within  one  year.  Theiie 
lin  the  Rtalutc.'  a.  Where 
*  tMhjtel-maUtr  »ftk*  etn- 
I  had  in  contemi^ation  a 
ne  year  aa  the  time  for  its 
e  cases  are  within  the  Mat- 

time  for  the  performance 
nde  to  depena  upon  aome 
may  or  may  not  happen 
rhese  casca  do  not  come 

•V«yiii««*.     8m  Comrar- 

MBMn;  CAKaiaaii  MAaiTiMi 

■stlCA.  SceCaiMiMLLAw; 

mm. 

■RSofiAL  Paoraanr. 

■■«#.     Sm     CoKvavAiica*; 

«•  EiTATaa. 
m  oND  MaAtuaaa. 
.  Law  ;  Pbison. 
PaoriKrv:  Housa. 

M  PaACTICB :  ATTACNNairr. 


>■  4SS .'  IS  Ma.  MM  i  isWaad. 

iSMo.  M;jEii«h.6n!  aB. 

<C.B.«iri    >H.r».\i, 

»:  i9ld.  3<4:  7%l*t.  4<:  4 

4DMa,43ri    3«V».ifcl  1 


oim. 


••■«•'•  »••  0»ncB  AND  Ovncoa. 
CI«««raJ  !•■■•.  Sm  PiaAoiHo. 

«iri».  S«Coiiva»A»c«i,"W<ll.i"  SALia. 
A  OIPT  I*  a  voluntary  conveyance!  that  i«,  a 
tonveyance  that  it  not  founded  on  the  con- 
tideration  of  money  or  blood ;  a  transfer  of  the 
title  to  property  to  one  who  receive*  il  without 
paving  for  it  •    The  act  by  which  the  owner  of 
a  thing  voluntarily  tranafert  the  title  and  poa- 
•eision  at  the  lame  from  himielf  to  another 
person  without  anv  consideration.     GiAi  iii/«r 
f»t«  are  gilb  made  from  one  or  more  persons, 
without  any  prospect  of  immediate   death,  to 
one  or  more  othen.     Gift*  (auta  mortit  are 
gifts  made  in  prospect  of  death. 
BiTWKtN  Living  PBRiot«s. 
Thia  ii  a  contract  which  takea  place  by  the 
mutual  consent  of  the  giver,  who  divests  him- 
self of  the  thing  given  in  order  to  transmit  the 
title  of  it  to  the  donee  gratuitously,  and  the 
donee,  who  accepla  and  acquires  the  legal  title 
to  it.    Thia  gift  takea  place  when  the  giver  is 
not  in  any  immediate  apprehension  of^death, 
which  distinguishes  it  from  a  gift  mortis  Mma.* 
Cifto  mt*r  vnw  have    no  reference  to  the 
future,  and  go  into  immediate  and  absolute 
effect.    Delivery  is  essential;   without  actual 
possession  the  title  does  not  pM*.     A  mere  in- 
tention or  naked  promise  to  give,  without  tome 
set  to  pMB  the  property,  is  not  a  gift.    Th^re 
exisU  repentance  (the  lo€u$  pmnittntim)  so  long 
as  the  gift  ia  complete  and  left  imperfect  in  the 
mode  of  making  it.* 

The  rabject  3l  the  gift  most  be  certain  \  and 
there  mtut  be  the  mutual  ooitaent  and  concur- 
rent will  of  both  parties.  Delivery  must  be 
according  to  the  nature  of  the  thing.  It  will 
have  to  be  an  actual  delivery,  ao  far  aa  the 
subject  la  t»^\An  of  delivery.  If  the  thing  be 
not  capiOdc  of  actual  delivery,  there  must  be 
some  act  equivalent  to  it.  The  donor  must 
part  not  only  with  the  poaseaaioa,  bat  with  the 
dominion.  If  the  thing  given  be  a  chose  in 
action,  the  law  rcquirea  an  aiaignment  or  aome 
equivalent  inttnunent,  and  the  tnuufe-  must  be 
execated.* 

When  the  gift  ia  perfect  br  delivery  and  ac- 
^**^??'  •'  ^  ^'  ■"«*<»c«W«  onleia  it  is  pre- 
judicial to  credt^n,  or  the  donor  waa  under 
legal  incapacity,  or  was  circamvented  by  fraud. 
If  a  mM  intending  to  give  a  jewel  to  another 
say  to  him,  /'Hera,  I  give  yon  my  ring  with 
the  raby  in  it,"  etc,  and  with  his  own  hand 
dellws  it  to  the  party,  thte  wiU  be  a  good  gift 
notwithstanding  the  gift  bear  any  other  jei^L 
hemg  delivered  by  die  nnty  hlnaelf  to  the 
perron  to  whom  given.*  Where  a  teher  bought 
a  Ucket  in  a  lottery,  which  he  d«cUr«l  he  pve 
n-Vteat     %.%  Bpav.  Inst.  «,  «a:  saa  aboCooMr 


to  hi*  infsnt  daughter  R.,  and  wr>te  her  name 
upon  It,  and  after  the  ticket  had  drawn  a  priie 

M'  ■Jf"'*  ''"'  ^^  •'•''  «'"•"  «*"  "eket  to  his 
chilu  E.  and  that  the  prise  money  wan  hen  1 
this  was  held  sufficient  for  a  jury  to  infer  all 
the  f<irnmliiv  requisite  to  a  valid  gift  «nd  that 
the  title  in  the  money  was  complete  and  vested 
in  E.' 

In  PRoaricr  op  Diath. 
This  is  a  gift  made  by  a  penon  in  lickneu, 
who,  apprehending  his  dissolution   near,  de- 
livers, or  causes  to  be  delivered,  the  possession 
of  any  oersonai  goods  to  keep  as  his  own  in 
case  of  the  donor's  deceaae.s    It  differa  from 
a  legacy,  inasmuch  as  it  doca  not  require  proof 
in  the  court  of  probate*     And  no  assent  is  re- 
ouired  from  the  executor  to  iierfect  the  donee's 
title."     It  differs  from  a  gift  mttr  vivot,  because 
il  is  ambulatory  and    revocable    during    the 
donor's   life,  because  it  may  b«  made  to  the 
wife  of  tho  donor,  and  because  it  is  liable  for 
his   debts.     To  constitute  a  good  gift  morti: 
causa:  i.  The  thing  given  must  be  personal 
property  ;J  a  bond,*  bank  notes."  and  a  check 
offered  for  payment  during  the  life  of  the  donor 
will  lie  so  considered."     Not  so  a  promissory 
noleof  the  sick  man  made  in  hi*  last  illness." 
a.  The  gift  must  be  made  by  the  donor  in  peril 
of  death,  and  t<.  take  effect  only  in  case  the 
giver  die.*    3.  There  must  he  an  actual  deliv- 
erv  of  the  subject  to  or  for  the  donee,  in  cases 
where  such  delivery  can  be  made,»  but  such 
delivery  can  be  made  to  a  third  person  for  the 
oie  of  the  donee.* 

A  gift  eausa  mortit  doe*  not  require  the 
eiecutor'a  assent,'  is  revocable  by  the  donoi 
during  his  life*  by  recovery'  or  resumption  of 
possession,*  but  not  by  a  subsequent  will,'  but 
may  be  satisfied  bj-  a  subsequent  legacy.*  It 
mwr  be  of  any  amount  of  property.* 

Such  gifts  are  liable  for  the  tostAor's  debu.i' 

fillll.  Sm  Wbtohts  and  MsAaoaaa. 
Slat.  Sm  Puudiho. 
«MiWlll.  SMCoirr»ACTSi  SAut 
"wSuTf"  •**   <***«*»^     8m  ComrwAmr.,, 

S**f '■!***t*'  Sm  ImmiHATionAL  Law. 
«s«ta.  Sm  EMBLaKairrs:  WaioHTS  ahdMbas- 

«i«ai«  Mmwr.  Sm  PaAcnok 
S!SSaJfeK"*y'  ^  5""W"«i.  Lav, 

gClmsMlMher.  Sm  PnaoNB;  RaLATioia. 
ratarilaMtkos-.  Sm  Puwom;  Rblatiow. 
rwBi.  Sm  CoMVBVAHcn :  Rbal  Paoraarv. 
aikST"      ■«»^"«  •«•  ""U.  Sm  ComrBv- 

•nuatoo.  Sm  CoNVKVAHcaa. 

•nsssMv,  SMCoMVBVAHcaa. 

$?■•■  A<l»o««wrf.  Sm  MAamsiB  Law. 

•mm  ATWHMr^  Sm  MABimsB  Law. 

Vntmrnw^^t-imU  Sm  Convbvancbs,  Rbai.  Paoi» 


QJ^-)S3«.     I-«Vm 


(•waa.  410 


11  joliws. 
Cfc' »4»  J-> 

J^  .*jli.ic, 

.  Baik  Mi  SI  Vi 
3*0 


SM.    k-«Sir. ! 
Ck.  1*9: 


im:   sOilLftXtM;    4Gntl.47a:    3^*1.. jm-    „ 


TauM.  J»^.  '  ^-f  naa.  i^ 


r-  Vs«' 


Cb.  ISO.     o-f 


S^nAU  W  aw  i   S7  Me.  I9«;    »  Wood,  ft  M.  C.  C. 
I.     ■■rTouat.sMi  •  V«.  Saa.  Ch.  43).    »-Pi»6 

in.  o.}  f. 


BMiiiiwaiij.i«»ii«i 


t 


1* 


MiWifii 


laNORANCt. 


•mm,  fmm,  4W*  iMMi 


Fii«r«at« 
«l«i«a«lM<M>.     ■••    jNtlW.  KfVi^  *lt0   MU«| 

C»^  mtMT*,  "  ftyRMM. 
UaAMMilJr.    Km    Botiaa,    titrtu       mid    Nlks, 

UMMC  %**  MAIkMlim, 

•iwMtjr.  »«•  l>uuiHMi. 

ikf'WMIVM.  Sm  Cumv  ,,j. 


Itki 


—  b    Iter        »0t*t  >M 


tl»il««Hw<l— .  Sm  Mnm  ji< 


•iMndwriUM.  Sm  tviDam;ii 
I  Kbai,  Pit 

,  _  iMi.  fm 

|l«i>k«r.  Sm  Salw 


•  MAirkwr.  H««  ksAk  FnormiT*  i  \h  atml 
MwvMi.  SmIImi.  PnerMiTT;  WArM. 


•  IIMAXC*. 


OMitmM*.  Sm  CmmiAi 

W»TK« 


N4MMI.  Sm  RsAfc  Pbotwitt; 

M<(.»i«S.  Sm  Mmical  Law. 

M«*«Mi|r  ■vMwMMh 
fMA>V.  Sm  Amiuu. 


M**  Bvio«ncB. 


*'  »it»,  8*1  CotrravfHCak 

»i*rniMhiPWH|M.  Sm  Mioicai  I„ 

lit«llwM«v  Itoirtu 
Watvm 


,AW 

'atii 
Sm   Rmi.   PM«tMTV: 


llCkwny*,  Sm  K  lAt.  PiwmTT. 
|i«  ■■••N«M«jr,  Sm  Onvcm  aho  Ovvicsm. 
Ila  ■•««■•«•.  Sm  0*ncm  *iu>  Ovvku*. 
■•M«Vi.  Sm  Bohm,  Notm,  and  lhi.Lt. 
|*lmiav  •yatr.  Sm  LAin>i.(WD  *hd  Tnuknr. 


I.  Sm  RBAt  PKorwrrv, 
>••  8m  CaiMiMAk  Law. 

as,  tc-s  <M|MAU1;  BAftMUnSj  iMMHairiMII. 

.  .  ,_  .'•  BM    J  IMa 

»MM«.  Sm  Rbal  honrrv  :  HouM. 
•■■••iMrMktaMr.  9m  CuiHiMAL  Law. 

t>— Mlwit  Wmttmt*m»9>  Bm  ComiivAHCM, 

llhi"  PtK^ONAi.  PaoniTT. 
MmmsImM  MmK  Sm  CoHvivAMcn,"  WUh ;  " 
PmtoMAi.  P*ornTv. 
M»— >>•!■•>.  Sm  P«i<*oiw,  •'  Hrad  of  •  ?■!■• 

HwmiMU^mptm*  %m  Puwun,  "  Hwd  of*  Fam- 
Uy," 
iMNCwr.  Rm  Midkal  Law. 
InatliiK.  liM  Amimau. 

■M. 


si«  Mahbiaw* 

|4«H  n*NMMk  Sm  Plsaoino. 
■«Ntll]r.  Sm  RyiMMca. 
|l««|r.  Sm  MiBKAt.  Law, 


laW^BAlfVEi  N»t  AcT«!  BvtMMcai  Law. 
10NORiU%C  or  PACT  U  iha  WADl  of  knowl- 
edg*  u  'o  tlia  fcet  in  qiMXion.  It  would  be 
an  error  reanhing  from  Ignonince  of  (act,  if  a 
man  btlieved  aMrtain  woman  to  be  unmarried 
and  free,  when  in  fact  the  «aa  a  marrietl 
woman:  bwtif  he  wera  to  marry  her  wider  that 
belief  he  would  not  be  eriminuly  mpomible,* 
Ignorance  of  the  lawi  of  a  foreign  government, 
or  of  another  State,  it  ignorance  «  hct>  Ig. 
norance  of  fitct  eaouei ;  ignorance  of  law  doe* 
not  ekeua.* 

j  lOMORANCR  or  LAW  it  the  Want  et  knowl- 

Alta,  w«.  %f  Hah,  iiat  iaa.lhtiha  ilifcaaea 
aa  ioMtaaet  af  M  and  iMMMMM  af  im,  e  ndi. 
••tCit.  i|7;  4  Boa*.  laaL  a.  jMj  hMmm  Mas. 


edge  of  thoae  law.  mU  S  II  li  ^  (Nty  to 
andentaiid.  am'  whleh  evMf  MM  ;s  ptetawoH 
to  mm.  Thb.!..  km  enampte.  the  lan>  l»tb«<l. 
■nT  one  mwryinc  a  wmmh  wheae 

, ,  »lni 


hH« 


ny  one  manyinf  a  wmmh  wneae  nH*iian<i  ii 
ingi  If  uty  man,  then.  Imagined  M  coul 
m«>ry  Mtdk  >  «  n  be  «ro«l<i  be  Ignorant  i>( 
the  t««p|  mmI  a  i  ..urrtnd  her  he  would  nim 
mil  an  error  at  i  •  m<Mi«r  »i  Uw,  and  ir 
dotnti  woNitt  b«  prraumad  l>u  know  IIm  law 

rtktMMting  Uganqr,  --od  that  he  knew  ihat  his 
wna  eammillnig,  and  tfwl  ha  irmmdcd  to  com- 
mtt,  dM  oOinM  of  Mgan^l  and  ihia  ta  traa  in 
regard  te  all  eJeiKM. 

Every  man  nMy  ne^-  a  hnowledga  of  ihc 
i«W«  Ihni  hnvt       "n  pwMwalgHtiit ;  and  a  nci; 
>ect  to  beeoene  nctj  dslad  mm  them  it  voIuh 
rf  Ignomnce.* 

illl*4MP«ln.  tm  CMmrtMem  f  wnavtnwi  Warr- 

|ilMl«U. 


iNiMiNiltbr^.  «••  M 
IntaanteHnI  A**- 

IMiailfn»tl««.  *>• 
nananwil  fvmntu. 


iM.  fh»  CODTaACTt, 

"CoMldkinuton." 
lanMMMWIIIJ'    %*•  CaiMiHAi.  I.AW 
laNMMvnM**.  Sm  Paoraarv. 
lwpalriM«  •M%n«««Mi,  ««•.     Sm  Ce>- 
taAcrt. 

Sm  FaAcTica. 
Sm  PnACTKa. 

It,  Sm  Evioanca ."  Wlinaaiw  " 
.  SmP  lADiwo,  PaACTica. 

Ita.  |«  PaAlTKB 

»■,  Sm  raACTtca. 
.  Jb  Sm  Mbmcal  I-aw. 
inanat.  >m  CoHiHACra,  "C—m 
"  "  t}wv%;"  Pbactkb,  ''ArrMi.' 
Sm  KvinancB. 


lug  la.  1 

Sm  PaArTice. 

!■!•  Sm  OmvavAMcaa.  "  WiHa." 
ijr  WhepenC  Sm  Acbhowumo- 

fii  Wltaenn  WRierenfc  8«a  ConvavAHcaa. 
jwMB^wnny.  SMCoirmAcTa;  CoNvnAHcaa. 
■■••MMltir.  Bm  ComtaAcn. 
inefteyary^  Sag  Cbimiwai.  Law 


■MMtiiMi.  Im  CowvBVAMcaa,  "  WOlt.*' 
mtHt.  Sm  CamraAt.  Law. 

t.  See  RaA«.FB«»aaTv. 

Mlltjr.  Sm  Ovnca  ahb  Ovncun. 

Sm  EvioBMca, "  WbaaaaM." 

irMUtwanmata.  Sm  Rbal 


Pnor 


CtMvnvAMcaas    Mnar- 


Hsnttfltkaeutnen* 

OMiaj   ftllAL  Kk>>8BT 

IwnmMiltir.  Sm  VoMnaaaOeuaAtMtM)  Cok- 


IM.  Sm  CunravAMcat, 


.    D-^da.' 

PwnoHB. 
iS,  Sm  PBAcncn. 
wMmm*.  &aa  jvmaa^. 


Ilia  Boasa,  Movaa,  am» 


SM^CowvaACTa* 

vat  SvaaraaMia. 
Acciaanr. 


.  MantCAi.  Law. 

■vwanca,  "Isyavta,"  "Pra- 


Mw.  ai,4*t4TC{  «  Story  jEq.]iur.  fill.    4|aMM.ft 
Sm.  i,4ti  iinNLjt}. 


f 


m- 


it  It      41      itjr  In 


IN8URANC& 


«  WUWMUI  <*ImM   >lll*tlMld   It 

M,  ibaii.  Irmi^inad  h«  e<Mil.| 

he  w<>Ml  S  Im  tgnorant  u( 

i«'l  h«f  ha  w«Mil«l  <<>m 

ill  I  .lar  r>l  law,  mkI   if 

■<fiM\iait4  la  knnw  ittt  Uw 

I'i  itMt  be  knew  I  bat  h« 

thai  ha  lii|«Ht<i«tl  Ko  com. 

I  btgii  ty  i  end  ihM  M  Im*  in 

.n. 

Mquit  >  kw>wUKl(«  of  I  he 
-n  protitalfMldi  WM  •  n«t; 
,  Jaitfd  «nk  Htm  ia  voiun 

OmW**W>  tMWATVUl  ti^n- 


»: 
'.S' 


ImCmmimaI'  Law. 
Hm  Paonrnr*. 


'lACTK*. 

«•  PiuMmca. 


u  Sm  Eviomca.  "  WIiii«im 
Saa  P<  «AoiMu,  PiiAcrica. 
(«•  PaACTKa 
laa  pBAcnca. 


•»^ 


ncB. 
ktricu 

8m  C 


oHTKAcra, "  C 
Baa  Faoraart,  n«. 


iXfvBVAHcaa,  "  WiHt." 

Sm  AcKNOWUMKf 


Mr««C  8«a  ComravAHcaa. 
aaCoirnuMmt  ComravaiKrat, 

•  CoMTBAmi 

K  rmMiHAi.  Law, 

CoitvaifAKcai,  "  Wnh." 

inuu.LAW. 

iaAhFaoraarv. 

tm.  Baa  Orrtcm  amb  OancuM. 


laffwUtMMaaia.  Sa*  IttAL 


I.    Saa  CoimRAMnit 

I  Botmm  om  OauoATioMi;  Cm:- 

OHmrrAMCM, "  V-^it." 

MM. 

laPaAcncm. 
IM*.  Saa  BviMBica. 
••a  lina  Boiiaa.  ttemm,  am» 

aa  Commjuen,  "CoaaMnMiaa.^ 

~  Tt:  SOKITIMHla. 

Acciaam. 


■  CmnnucTti 

MMtTiM^ 

MHUtiLAW. 


MMMCAi.  Law. 
SvwBHca,  "Eayarti,*' 

laanacTi 


•fM- 


llory 


M.)ii«,ii.i  I 


■  Ma 

—  f«»eT»ea. 


IMM.    »M  l!«l 


■  ■••IVMl 

laaM««i» 
iMfMtaiti 

'Ptrtmaaaw 

JMatntMtoiM. 


Masicai,    Law, 


rica. 
Law, 
-raa. 
•'••»(.  rtem 

•I  CMfTBAcn,  "I»a,»a«*," 
—_-_. .  /  iMa 

—  inMMMtM.  :»•  !»»»<  ri.  a. 
iMMMfcla  latoirMt.  ?»«  laavaAMca. 
IMIWiAWeW.  Sm  ■AiLMatrra. 
iNtUlANCI  k  a   ,:.,ntraci  wlwaby,  for   an 
•gr-ed    pramiuiw,    on,    party    undart.kea    lo 

»ul,)««.  hy  «„<Hfl«d  ,*rii..  rh.  party^SrVc 
ing  to  mak«  the  In.Uniniiy  i«  utually  «.«|U,| 
iha  iiwurar  or  anderwrittr;  tha  party  to  ra- 
ceir.  ika  Indemnlt.  i,  called  Iha  ln.ur«|  or 
iMurtd}  tha  agrtwd  ccHi«i4«>r«lit>n  it  called  the 
r*»miomt    ihe  wrillan  lonlract  U  call.-d  the 

-Ukt  or  MHlt)  and  iha  ..ij^ct.  rfghi.  oM^ 

i.re.1  In  ba  pr  Htctad  it  dtnominalad  the  inaar- 

tbia  |rf*rn(.>     liitiir»nr*  a-,i„,t  accident  to 

r»»ellan  i.  eonfin  rt  to  ri3»  In  ;,,^,{.  ^c^ 

iMurwica  aMiiiat  fira  on  land  to  bttilding.  and 

•II  .paclaa  of  property,  real  or  p«r«.«al.  thai  it 

•ubjact  to  datlrvclion  or  dl,«:t  !Sa«.«e'by  «r«. 

n«ur,nca  oa  ]{,.«,  |.,  i,,  ge„ard,  u^„  ^„ 

life.  iMi  It  alto  nMda  upon  Iha  IWe«  pf  J  ,««. 

Mc  tiUmalt  or  raeii  at  ara  in  potM»«ion  of  tha 

inturad.    iMiirwK*  on  ritkt  in  carriaca  and 

ni.i(ttion  to  apoa  vatMlt  and  other  na^igabla 

j;^'».  f     ifht,  earso,  and  Han-  iihJTby 

*°*trw^««,Md«piau.  Companitt 
^  poUdaa  of  imnwca  m  incSrpor. 
aicd.  and  m  aithar  Mock  compuiat,  mutual 
compMla^  or  •  ml«tan  of  i&Ttwi  In  a 
rtoefc  compMy  Iha  ■w.bait  or  itockhoMan 
Pty  in  •  oaruin  eapitU  whicli  is  lUbla  for  ih* 

ptny  tha  mamban  wa  thamalvaa  the  putiaa 
n.urrf ,  in  othar  woidiL  .11  tha  ncmba^. 
inbuta  pramiuM  lo  Iha  tm*  whkh  b  liaUa  to 
eich  mambar  far  kai.  aooordlnf  to  tha  tartna 


I  ^_'>*  fcniiinwi  nt  tntiiranca  rnm|iani**  |i 
■•••lljr  IruMaclad  thniugh  tmnclat  Tha 
•ft'nl  for  alfcrtlng  Inturai,  .,  may  Im  .ucb 
•  <her  liy  *,5HMntm«nt.  or  Iha  r«.:.»nlil,m  of 
hi.  aclt  d.i«*  ^  ,„ch.»  II.  may  l«  .„n,  fo, 
.l.h.r  „r  Iha  partiM  to  Ih.  Hicy.  or  L  du: 
Unci  purpoM.,  „,  ,„r  b(.i  ,.  An  ii,«.„flca 
•ftncy  may  Iw  mora  or  taat  tjHtt.iyt  ^cu,,  '. 
log  to  Iha  M,.r«M  „r  ImiJiad  tlip„lai|„„,  ^^ 
«n.Ur«an.ll„g  U.we...  him  ai>d  L  ..r.n.lpaU. 

»ig  ed  In   hank  l,y  hit  |..inclpal»i  Tor  ir.n, 
miiiing  appllcatlona  lo  hit  jwincipalt.  flil.d  up 
by  himwfl'  «,  ihalr  .g,„,.  „r  .hal  of  ,ha  ^U. 

fo/ ^,«M.no  And  tetiling  loa^,*,',  granting 
libcrtl^,  and  making  new  tlit^^iUii.., ., ,  „,  fj, 
•ny  one  or  mora  of  ihtte  purpotw*  Notica 
to  an  agent  „f  malt.rt  wiihin  hit  commlttlon 
»  notice  U.  Iha  company* 

AfiiMM.wT  n^   lNsuiAW.1.     An  acree. 
mtni   contaliung  tperific  illpulatlont  it  often 

TtL^^J^f^  '•'?•  P'*""''"^  «o  «l>«  filling 
out  and  dalivery  of  an  inturance  policy.  Such 
wi  Agreemrm  i,«cifyfng  Ihe  rat.  of  the  pre- 
mium, (he  .ul)»eci.  and  ri.h,  and  amount  «o  Da 

.«T  .u      «•"•«'««"«•.  •nd  being  awented 
to  by  Iha  partitt,  it  binding.'    Though  it  It 
utuofly  In  wriiing.  ii  may  ne'vrr.h.W  ij  by 
^  P«'«-  w  by  p-rol  accepl«i.c»  of  a  wrrtten  pro 

hat  the  partiet,  tubjecl.  and  ri*k  can  be  there 
^dittlnetly  known,  ellhe,  by  being  .pecifle,! 
or  by  . reference.  t«  that  It  can  b.  defin.Vu  « 

h^  an  eapreM  or  implied  rt^ference  lo  tome 
form  of  poTi-y.  r„  tm  valid  H  mutt  b<  en  . 
leg^interett  ^mtt  legal  ritki.'  When  .iie 
•r*«me«a  U  by  a  comm»/niciiion  between 
P«tiM  at  a  ditt.nce,  an  offer  hy  either  wit!  <a, 
b  ndingupon  both  ob  a  dr.^,cl.  by  the  olhcr .« 
lifST""  T:"*""  •  '««'«'"«ble  or  the  pre.. 

roJn'l^tr '  '"'"'  •"  "*'•  "^'^  •«^'"«  '^" 
Sea  Aim.iCATiONj,  rrc.,  below 

JwWANCt.  The  prelimin^ttatemeni  w,da 
2^^«y  "Pplylng  for  ao  ifturance  on  life.  a» 
H|a^  Bra,  k  c«ll^^he  application.     It  gi„ . 


membera,  who  mmf  or  nay  not  ba  innrad 
contribntoa  ontiin  MBont  of^  ao^  fa: 

"iitW  to  intei«t  on  Iha  *«M  at  ai^lpSutod 

ceiptt,  after  pajwant  of  totaaa  and  axMnaaaTo 
l»etU«atada»c«tol«p,riod..  "-^'^ 

c^.'«2!^l^A^Lw*^a«'^■.•  £!it»a{«^it  ♦ 


.ona 


m^mt  nra,  i»  called  the  application.     It  «n 

.!S^:S2!±^'1*I'"«»  •'»''«"  ">  '"««"^^ 

•P^BftUpropwadtub^.  It  oorreepondt 
to  lh«  « .•«p«»«ataltooa  "  pralininaiy  to  Wri- 
M«Ml«««c..  I,  b  ««»lly,afcn4d  to  M. 
pnHly  to  Iha  policy  at  Uinf  tha  batia  or  a 

SL'f  *!_*"•!*«•■»''  «•«*•  wJmnee  it  in 
r**  •  WMnwiy  of  Iha  truth  of  the  otatementi  » 
An  <*at  «|«prM*ntation  of  a  material  faci 

i2\Jirn!nffiirLit;^;-£^:- 


»••«». 


'.  •• :  *» 


.1. 
1^ 


.» • 


» 


■UiM 


MHMM^ittifeSiM 


■  i^Miiftiili  iijfaiwiilb' 


INHURANCR. 


e(  fr>a<]  *  Inturancc  agAinat  firr  nitfl  nn  ltf« 
itM*  iipiin  lh«  tam*  Ulnar*!  coiutltion*  ut  pnt,\ 
Ulh  M  marlltmc  InaurMc*)  bul  in  ik«  Hr'<i 
two  cluM*  the  cnntniri  U  utu«lly  tmMtl 
mftlnljr  u^mn  •t«ltnwnta  by  ih*  •pplicant  In  hi* 
wtitun  r«|iii««  (o  th<  nuniirnui  InriulriM  •« 
prMtly  n('>"4  io  In  lh«  [mticy,  which  ■•i*wf  r* 
•r«  Ihut  m*(t<«  CMiircM  warrsniUt,  *nd  muni, 
■ccor<Ungly,  b«  itriclly  (rut,  whclhrr  thvir 
Iwing  »u  i«  or  It  not  m«MrUI  to  lh«  rlik ;  lh« 
inqulrlci  «r«  InUntlcd  to  cortr  kit  m«t«rUI 
cirkuiiiiiwncn,  iuti|«>.-t,  howfvcr,  to  tk«  plnci 
pic,  appllcahl*  to  all  contract*,  that  HmiI  by 
tithar  party  will  ««  >i«ratt  lh«  other  from  bU 
ohilgatlonii,  If  h«  ■<>  elect*.' 

^^  MlllKPHUkNTATION,  h«loW. 

lHiU«AN<:»  Pouciu.  A  policy  of  lll«"r 
anc«  If  lh«  ojntract  or  Inttmmtnt  wh«r«by  tn- 
liiranc*  U  mad«  by  the  Iniurvr  or  un'lfrwii(«r 
in  favor  of  th«  iwrton  Inkured,  exprcMetl,  l<n- 
plied,  or  Intended,  against  itoma  ruli,  peril  or 
Gontingrncy  In  refcrtnce  to  lume  lubji-ct.  It 
ia  utHitlly  agalnit  acddent  or  fira,  on  u  life,  or 
marine.  An  Interest  policy  l«  «m«  wh«n  the 
p«rty  intured  haa  a  real  autxtantiat  a»«lgnabtc 
intaratt  in  tb«  thing  inaured.  An  open 
(lolicy  la  one  on  which  the  value  i«  to  be 
proved  by  the  patty  inaured."  Alio,  one  in 
which  an  aggregate  amount  ii  expreit^ed  in 
th  body  of  the  policy,  and  the  HMcinc  amount* 
and  snbjecta  are  to  hie  indonea  from  time  lu 
time.*  A  valued  policy  it  one  where  a  value 
haa  been  tet  on  the  good*  or  ihlp  in*ured,  and 
the  value  inacrted  in  (he  policy  in  the  nature 
of  liqaidatcd  damage*.  In  tuch  a  policy  Ihe 
value  of  the  tuhject  ii  expretsly  agreed,  or  it, 
a*  between  the  partiea,  Ihe  amount  Intured. 
A  wager  p  'icy  it  a  pretended  inturance 
founded  on  wn  ideal  rlik,  when  thu  intured 
haa  no  interett  in  the  thing  intured,  and  can, 
therefore,  luatain  no  laat  by  the  happening  of 
anv  of  the  mltfortunet  insured  againtt  Such 
policiea  are  ttrongly  reprobated.* 

Every  policy,  whether  accident,  lire,  life,  or 
marine,  tpecifief  or  importi  partiea,  aitd  apecifie* 
the  iubject  or  Interetl  intended  to  be  intured,  the 
premium  on  Ihe  contideration,  and  the  amount 
intured,  the  ritkt  Ih-perilt  for  which  indem 
nity  it  atipulated,  and  the  period  of  the  ritk,  or 
the  terminua  from  whence  and  where  to. 

JtUmks.    If  a  blank  it  led  in  a  policy  of  in- 

k-PUa.  laa.  \«y>.  1.1  niffl.  Im.  Ch.  7,  H  i},  r  .^ 
t  Mill,  lU:  •  Hall,  6u;  t  Bub.  s7oi  ■  0«"l<>.  7S;  > 
r^eh- lUi  <Oray,  tM:  S  Cuth.  m,  4^9  >  eRob.  iM: 
•4  PiM.  8*.  }*o:  iMd.  )4i !  tOhlo, 45* :  *i Coaa.  i«ii 
6HiMBplir.  i««i  •  MelMia  C.  C.  m;  *  Haw,  tuj.  < 
W.  tt.  stt:  STaaat.  iMt  (  B  &  t..iMs _•  M, ft  W. 


W.  tt.  M:  Staaat.  iMt  (  B  &C.  iMs  •  M.  h  W. 
I  tim.  lat.  jl  4,  *.  I.  tf ,  4W.  »4i.  "4-    »:«•  »*•  Aa. 


*ur«n(  e  for  the  name  <if  Ihe  (vtace  of  declbiaticHi 
iif  a  «hlp,  It  will  avoltl  (he  policy.* 

A  4iilt  I*  ncce*aary  to  ihc  validity  of  a  )<uli(y 
<if  inaurance)  but  wncre  there  arr  ««paraic  urt 
derwrllert,  each  teta  down  the  dale  of  hta  own 
•Igning,  a*  Ihl*  con«iit'i(t<  a  Mip«iiie  contraci* 

Tht  dMralin*  »/  tht  ttti  under  a  marine 
ln*uranee,  or  one  on  Inland  navigation,  la  either 
from  one  i(«i>aritphical  Icrntinu*  to  another,  ut 
for  a  tpeciHedtime  )  that  <i(  nn  accident  or  lift 
policy  U  either  for  day*,  we'ltx,  montha,  « 
term  of  yean,  or  for  life ;  that  of  a  lira  policy 
it  for  a  tiwc.lird  lime. 

It  I*  a  leading  (>rlnclple  aa  to  the  ronattuctlon 
of  a  policy  of  inauranca,  that  its  diMttngnithIng 
character  aa  a  contract  la  to  lie  fav^Med  by  the 
law.'  R««»f(ta  and  document*  exnreaaty  rC' 
ferred  (o  in  the  pcllcy  arc,  In  effect,  lor  (he  par- 
poae  of  reference,  a  part  of  the  policy  or  'MMtrtct 
of  Inturance.* 

A  fiolicy  may  take  effect  on  actual  ot  conalrae- 
live  delivery,  and  mav  be  rclr(«pcctlva  where 
neither  party  know*  the  prior  circumtiance*,' 

In  marine  insurance  ihe  contract  *a»  ner** 
»arily  more  Implied  reference  to  cuttomt  am! 
u*aget  than  moat  other  ronlraclt ;  or,  in  other 
wordt,  the  larger  pri)|H>rilon  of  the  nUpnlalii^n* 
are  ivot  tpcctftcally  exproted  in  the  InatromeM,* 
Thence  It  haa  been  thought  to  l)c  an  imperfect, 
nbacure  and  conluked  inatrumenl.*  But  the  diflfi- 
cuUy  in  giving  a  practical  con»truction  teem*  to 
iirlM  more  from  the  complication  of  the  circum- 
(inncet  neceasarily  Involved,  than  from  any  re- 
'  rt«<(iiable  dc(«H  u in  iti  provition*  or  |>hra«eology. 
New  provisiont  are  needed  from  time  to  time 
to  adapt  the  contract  to  new  cIrcumitAncct. 

A  mt*take  in  filling  up  a  policy  may  be  cor- 
rected liy  order  of  a  court  of  equity  or  of  equity 
juri«di(iion  or  power*." 

Policic*  of  in'«iiri>nce  are  liberally  txmatmed.' 

ABANDONMENT  It  a  term  uiedonly  in 
reference  to  riik*  in  navigation ;  but  the  princi- 
ple It  applicable  to  fire  inturance  where  tlMreare 
remnantt,  and  tometimet,  alto,  under  ilipula- 
liont  in  life  policiei  in  favor  of  creditor!.'  Th> 
object  of  abandonment  being  to  r-'s»vfc'  the 
whole  value  of  tAe  tub.:H:t  of  thii  i  lurancc  h 
i»  reottitite  '^.ily  wJare  "i«  anbjcct  i«««)/",  or  th* 
remalni.  "*  it,  or  claim*  on  account  .)(  jl.  tur- 

>«  the  j'eril  rhkn  it  the  occation  of  Im  iott.* 


H.n.nklt  id.  ila:  a  Con.  C.  C.  jm,  6ioi  ju  M* 
yji  4  aw.  447!  i«  I1.5ML 4  »•  I.  •»:  5  "  J**i  « 
4i*f,  •14.  "ST;  y  Id.  tfc  jT  Ohio,  4jl.    S-i  FWH.  Ev 


•"l  1' 

•u.  |ti«.     Y^t  PktB.  It*.  1 8, 1 
Oraaeh.  14*!   •  *«•  »4r. 
Itr.  1**;  a  Caiaaa,  ijii  ... 

I  PAm  Oi.  •}! ;  •  Con.  C.  C.  nil'  >-•  PMD.  Im.  |  i 
<:  tBIae.gl;  laPena.St.  Mi  eild-ate:  jttd.Mii  i 
I  Bait*.  «Mi  14  id.  jl|!  •  Deer,  m«i  5  H  SM  :  /M-  1 
Tei  Hi  >J  ■•  ■foe.  |ii ;  it  la.  •«• ;  1  M.  rji 


i 


ft Utajui'i  tjSd.  514-  >vptrfn.  ii».i|i4»t;»j»i 

iSt  |K*nl.  Cimm.  tf6% ;  .10 phlo  Sr.  w<«.    m^  PM 


ijiSi  t 

Int.  H  rjor.  *%t^  i  3*  Eat.  U  Jk  C4. 


«. 


■HIHl 


miwi 


IMHH 


mmmat 


n«  itt  Iha  fJMt  of  <t«*ltii«i)<M 

irvln  lh«  vtliHllynf  •  t«»lMy 
«in«r«  th«r«  arc  *cp«r»t*  un 
t*  il<iwii  lh«  <Ult  of  hi*  own 
iiiiir<iir*  •  NrpuMit  contrail  i 
/  M/  niA  utiiler  a  tnartn* 
m  Inlanii  navlgailitn,  laetihcr 
ileal  Icrniinu*  lo  amiihar,  >vf 
r  I  that  i>f  an  accidanl  or  M» 
Of  dayi,  wvfkt,  month*,  * 
for  life  ;  thai  of  a  fir*  polity 
m*. 

rinclple  m  Iu  thr  rnaitractinn 
iranca,  that  It*  dMtnBuithlng 
itract  I*  tn  lt«  favt'ijvtl  by  lh« 
n<1  docuRicitl*  •xnreaaly  it- 
licy  arc,  In  effect,  fur  (h«  (Mr 
1  pMt  of  th«  policy  or  ':onlract 

:c  eflirri  on  actual  or  con*lni«» 
may  hu  rctri>i[)ccli«t  wbar* 
r*  tna  prttN-  circuniaiance*.' 
mce  th«  conlmct  *»•»  B»cf« 
•d  refcrenca  lo  cualom*  «r<'i 
>ih«r  conlnictti  or,  in  olHci 
.)f<)|Kirfion  of  tha  ulipnlalifM 
e«i)r«tii«d  In  th«  lnttniro«ni.* 
I  ihoughl  Id  Iw  an  linp<'rfeci, 
ftt  initrument.'  Hut  the  difli- 
■actiGal  cunilructiim  «e«m«  lo 
e  cnmpllcation  of  the  cirrum- 
Involved,  than  from  any  rf 

I  it*  provi«ion*  or  |thra«eology. 
ra  needed  from  lima  to  lliii« 
let  In  new  circumatancta. 
lling  up  ■  policy  may  \m  coe- 
a  court  of  equity  or  of  equity 
»er»." 

nnce  nre  liberally  conalrueU.' 
lENT  i»  a  term  uaed  only  i« 
It  navigation  {  but  the  princl- 
fire  iniurance  where  there  are 
Aetimea,  bIm>,  under  »liputi- 

II  in  favor  of  crediton.J'  Tl;* 
imcnt  being  to  r«<-v»v^'  ih< 
I  ct.b'.'tct  of  thit  i  ittrancc  h 
K ore  Me  enbjcct  its i)f,  or  iht 
claim*  on  account  jf  it,  nur- 
:n  is  the  occasion  of  IM  iois.' 

Ma.  «)7;   anBarli.  ^Mi 


St 


L'l 


k  Ka,  sMi  «  N,  H.  ui )  » 


.lui.  C.  C.  •T7>    >-■  PMU.  la*.  I  i 
Ml.8l.4fi  *jl4.«<*:  }*M.u>i 
III  •  Dmr,  M«i  5  Id  SM : /»* 
Moa.  Ill ;  IS  la.  *««  i  )  lad.  f  jt 
l,4*«i*yAla.(N  8.)r»;  jjM* 

)*«.•*!  •*  147  V3*!  ilId-Mi:! 
*Mi  ■  Cgrt. CC.  »>  ;  tttUK 


i(M-j 

*d,i  liohloSi*.       ^^' 
Eag.  L.  <l  E4.  ist. 


^ 


.J 


w§ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


11.25 


.A^ 


u&  Ui   12.2 
2.0 


•«       140 


m 

1.4   IIIIII.6 


Sciences 
Corporalion 


33  WIST  MAIN  STRICT 

WIBSTIR,N.Y.  USM 

(716)873-4503 


/. 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  MIcroreproductlons  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


**f!» 


INSURANCE. 


4«S 


In  (ttch  cue  vhe  airareil  must  elect,  immedi- 
tlcljr  upon  receiving  intelligence  of  a  Iom, 
wherhrr  to  abandon  to  the  compeny— he  can- 
not delay  for  the  purpoie  of  (peculating  on  the 
jtate  of  ihe  markets.*  The  right  to  abandon  i« 
waived  by  commencing  full  repain,  but  not  by 
temporary  repair* ;»  but  is  not  lost  by  reason 
of  the  enhancement  of  the  loss  through  the 
mere  negligence  or  mistakes  of  the  master  of 
the  vessel,  or  of  the  crew,  but  it  is  too  late  to 
abandon  after  the  arrival  in  specie  at  the  port 
of  destination.  An  inexpedient  or  unneceseary 
sale  of  the  subject  by  the  master  doe*  not 
strengthen  the  right,* 

Abandonment  may  be  mode  upon  informa- 
tion entitled  to  credit,  but  if  made  specula- 
tively, upon  conjecture,  it  is  void ;  and  it  must 
be  made  without  delay  after  reasonable  reliable 
mformatioD  of  loss  is  received;  otherwise  the 
right  will  be  waived^the  assured  not  being  per- 
mitted to  wait'  in  order  to  speculate  upon  the 
state  of  the  markets.*    In  the  absence  of  any 
stipulation  on  the  nbject  no  particular  form  of 
sbandonniknt  is  reqnfred ;  it  may  be  in  writing 
or  oral ;  in  express  terms  or  by  obvious  impli- 
cation; but  it  aut  be  absolute  and  uncondi- 
tional and  the  groond  for  it  must  be  stnted,* 
Acceptance  may  cure  a  defect  in   abandon- 
ment, bat  is  not  necessary  to  iu  validity.'    Nor 
IS  the  underwriter  obliged  to  accept  or  decline ; 
ie  may,  however,  waive  it.t    But  it  it  not  sub- 
ject to  be  defeated  by  subsequent  events.'  And 
ihe  subject  must  be  transferred  ftee  of  incum- 
brance except  expense  for  salvage.' 
See  Salvage;  Total  Lonjielow. 
Acceptance  of  abandcnnent  in  insurance  is 
in  effect  an  acknowledgment  of  its  bnflScicncy. 
and  perfects  the  right  of  the  assured  to  recover 
lor  0  total  loss  if  the  cause  of  lose  and  circum- 
stances have  been  truly  made  known.     No 
i^cular  form  of  acceptance  is  necessary,  and 
the  underwriter  is  not  obliged  to  si^  whether 
lie  accepts^    An  acceptance  may  be  n  con- 
structive one,  as,  by  tiiking  possession  of  an 
abandoned  ship  to  repair  it  wilkont  authority 
to  do  so,^<ir  hjr  retaining  such  poaaession  an 
vareaseniMa  tfane,  under  a  sUpvUtioa  author- 
uingthe  underwriter  to  take  snch  posMssion.* 

r^^f""!*'"*'''^  (d^emining  thewKHim 
oflosal.»  There  it  no  specific  form  essentially 
requisite  to  an  adjustmen:.  To  render  it 
binding,  it  mntt  be  intended  and  mdentood 
by  die  parties  ton  poKw  to  be  absolute  and 
final.  It  may  bo  made  if  indorsement  on  the 
policy,  or  bjr  pqrment  of  the  kiss,  or  the  accep- 
tance of  an  atandoninent."    If  there  is  fraud  by 


Wh^^ 


mt 


either  party  to  an  adjustment  '■  does  not  bind 
the  other.*  If  one  party  is  led  into  a  material 
mmtake  of  fact  by  fault  of  the  other,  the  adjust- 
ment will  not  bind  him.*  The  amount  of  the 
loss  is  governed  by  that  of  the  Insurable  inter- 
est,  so  far  as  it  is  covered  by  the  insurance. 
See    Abandonment,    above;    Insurablk 

INTEREST,  below. 

AMOUNT  COVERED— AMOUNT  OF 
LOSS. 

The  amount  covered  or  insured  is  limited 
by  that  specified  in  the  policy  to  be  insured, 
and  this  limit  may  be  applied  to  an  identical 
subject  only,  as  a  ship,  a  building,  a  life,  etc. ; 
nr  to  successive  subjects,  as  succewive  cargoes 
on  the  same  ship,  or  successive  par"'  >f 
goods  transmitted  on  a  certain  canal  o-  ml. 
road  during  a  specified  period ;  and  it  may  be 
also  limited  by  the  terms  of  ihe  contract  to  a 
certain  proportion,  as  %  quarter,  half,  e»c.,  of 
the  value  of  the  subject  or  interest  on  which 
the  insurance  is  made.* 

The  AMotnrr  of  loss  is  the  diminution, 
destruction,  or  defeat  of  the  value  of,  or  of  the 
charge  upon  the  insured  subject  by  the  direct 
consequence  of  the  risk  insured  against,  ac. 
cording  to  the  value  of  the  policy  or  the  con. 
tribtttion  for  loss,  so  far  as  the  value  is  covered 
l>y  the  insurance.4 

DEVIATIONS,  or  variations  from  risksdc 
scribed  in  c  lie  policy  from  a  necessity  which  is  not 
inexcusably  incurred,  does  not  forfeit  the  insur- 
ance ;»  as  to  seek  an  intermediate  iiort  for  repairs 
necessary  for  the  prosecution  oi  the  voyage  ;.• 
changing  the  course  to  avoid  disaster;*  delay  in 
order  to  succor  those  distressed  at  sea;«  damage 
merely  in  defence  against  hostile  attacks.* 

Change  of  risk  in  insurance  against  fire,  sa 
as  to  render  the  insured  subject,  or  its  sur 
ronndings,  or  the  use  made  of  it  different  from 
those  specified  in  the  i^lication,  will  discharge 
the  underwriters.*  A  change  of  risk  under  a 
life  policy,  in  contravention  of  its  express  pro- 
visions,  will  defimt  it  in  like  manner.'  Though 
such  a  polity  does  not  appear  to  have  any 
implied  condition  other  than  those  relative  to 
frand  common  to  all  contracts. 

The  effect  <rf  »  deviation  in  all  kinds  of  in. 
snrance  it  to  dischatte  the  underwritcn  oi 
insurers,  whether  the  risk  it  thereby  enhanced 
or  not;  and  th«  doctrine  applies  to  Uke  and 
river  naviration  at  well  at  that  of  the  ocean.» 
INSURABLE  INTEREST.  It  is  e*. 
sential  to  the  contract  of  insurance,  at  dfartin- 

Sished  from  a  wi^er;  that  the  osssired  should 
ve  a  legally  reeognitaUe   interest  in  the 

FanoasMSr.  LJ( 

Oii&.»it:  «t 

£019.   t-j 

C.  C.  3t«._«(<t  FMO.  Ins.  I  M30.    »•»  nui.  In*. 


•«.  '4-*  PMH.  Ink.'cii'Js.'Vi?; 
r>>Cli^ii.iji;'9C!»h.4is;  1 


I'Ch.  M.I 


-.Ch 

31  ld.tjfi 


i  Du«r,  i; 


—  tjfi. -,   . 

5  K.r4s6:  ■  Md.n7: 


fifft  rm.  Ins.' 


gKMlVcSit^^l.iiKgtl-^' 


aWf^i«Sftaitfs*iB-.„r  ^aS^^'LiEi^^^?^^ 


1 


>3  B.  Mon.  *S« :  «] 


«a    ir-i 


4M 


INSURANCE. 


iiMuMd  lubject,  th«  pecuniary  value  of  which 
may  be  appreciated  and  computed  and  valved. 
It  it  not  ref|uiiite  that  the  inaured  party  should 
have  an  aiMolute  property  in  the  iniu.ed  lub- 
ject,  or  that  the  lubject  or  Interest  should  be 
one  that  can  be  exclusively  possessed,  or  be 
transferable  in  trade  or  assignment.  The  sub- 
jecl  or  Interest  must,  however,  be  such  that  it 
may  be  destroyed,  lost,  damaged,  diminished, 
or  intercepted  by  the  risks  Insured  against. 
The  interests  ;isually  inaured  are  those  of  (he 
owner  in  any  species  of  property,  of  mortga- 
gor, mortgagee,  holder  of  bottomry  or  respon- 
dentia bond,  of  an  agent,  consignee,  lessee, 
factor,  carrier,  bailee,  or  party  having  a  lien, 
or  entitled  to  a  rent  or  income,  or  being  !iable 
to  a  loss  depending  upon  certain  conlingenciet, 
or  having  a  certainty  or  probability  of  k  profit 
oi-  imunianr  benefit  depending  on  the  insured 
subject./  The  certaintr  or  probability,  direct 
or  incidental,  of  pecuniary  benefit  by  the  liv- 
ing,  or  pecuniary  lost  or  damage  to  any  one 
by  the  c»  .  se  of  another,  gives  an  insurable 
tntereit  :■.  i.is  life.* 

The  amount  of  intorable  intei«st  ii  the 
value  of  the  insured  subject  as  agreed  by  the 
policy,  or  iu  market  value,  or  the  pecuniary  loas 
to  which  the  assured  it  liable  by  th«  risks  insured 
against,  though  the  insured  subject— for  ex- 
ample, life  or  health— has  not  a  market  value.* 
LOSS  is  the  destruc'-m  of  or  damage  to 
the  insured  subject  by  '  trils  ii.rur«d  against 
according  to  the  exp.  .t  isiont  and  con- 
struction of  the  contract  Ok  '.  mranct.  These 
accidenU,  or  misfortunes,  or  perils,  as  they  are 
saally  denominated,  an  M  distinctly  enumer- 
ated in  the  policy }  and  no  loss,  however  great  or 
unforeseen,  can  be  a  loss  within  the  poUcy  un- 
less it  be  the  direct  and  immediate  consequence 
of  one  or  mora  of  these  penb.*  Loss  under 
a  life  policy  is  simply  the  douh  of  Um  subject 
by  a  cause,  the  liak  of  which  is  not  expressly 
excepted  in  the  policy,  and  when  the  loss  is 
not  fraudnlent,  as  when  one  insured,  who  in- 
sures the  life  of  another  for  his  own  benefit, 
procures  th«  death. '  Loai  in  itatnanoi  against 
firt;  must,  under  the  nsuhl  form  of  the  policy, 
fa«  the  partial  or  totnl  destruction  or  <hiiiage 
of  the  thing  insured  against  lire.  In  maritime 
insurance,  in  which  lose  bjr  fire  is  one  of  the 
risks  usually  included,  the  ]au  insured  against 
may  be  absolutely  or  ooostructively  toJd,  or  a 
putial  or  general  avenge  loss,  or  a  nuticular 
average. 

Partial  kNses  are  sometimes  called  avenge 
losses, beoiuae they OM  often  in  the  natonof 
those  losses  wUch  are  the  suUcct  of  average 
contribatians;  they  are  distingubhed  into  gra- 
eral  and  particular  avenges.  Total-  ksses  in 
mariUme  insurance  ue  abaofotdy  such  when 
the  enUre  thing  peridies  or  becomes  of  no 
jr-t  Pkill.  las.  Cb.  *:   it  Mm-  Ll  ft  Ba.  f  ■■  IiL 

\'J^c^M\  "cihr^i'-l&rfi  ^i«; 


value.  Constructively,  a  loss  may  beeoone  tola! 
where  the  value  remnlning  is  of  such  a  small 
■mount  ihst  the  whole  may  be  surrendered. 
See  Ai)ji;»TMr.NT,  oliove. 

MEASURE  OP  DAMAGES.  In  cvet. 
of  loss  (if  Kuutit  which  have  been  insured  fitrni 
maritime  dangers  when  the  adjustment  is  madt, 
:he  damages  sre  settled  by  valuing  the  prowrly, 
net  according  to  prime  cost,  bu;  at  the  price  si 
which  it  mav  be  sold  at  the  lime  of  selling  the 
average.*    bee  Adjustment,  above. 

MEMORANDUM.  A  clause  in  • 
policy  limiting  the  liability  of  the  insurer  ii 
called  •  memorikndum.  Policies  of  insurJinct 
on  risks  of  transportation  bv  water  generally 
contain  exceptions  of  all  liability  firom  Iom  on 
certain  articlen  other  than  total,  or  for  contnibu- 
"ons  for  general  average,  and  for  liability  for 
particular  average  on  certain  other  uticin 
suppoaed  to  be  perishable,  or  specially  liable  to 
damage  under  specified  rates,  or  each  vaning 
from  three  to  twenty  per  cent.,  and  lor  any  loss, 
whatever,  under  three  lmt  Sve  per  cent.  Some 
seventy  or  eighty  articles  are  suMect  to  theu 
exceptions  of  particular  avarue  in  the  diver* 
forms  of  iJoliCT  in  use  in  diilerent  locaIilies,< 
These  exceptions  wen  formerly  introduced 
under  a  "  Mimorandum."  or  "  N.  B.,"  and 
hence  have  been  called  "memorandum  arti 
cles,"  and  the  body  of  exception  the  "memo- 
randum." The  list  of  articles  and  rates  of  ex 
ceptions  vary  much  in  diflwent  places,  and 
from  time  to  time  at  the  same  place.* 

Pakt  Owmbrs.    See  Insurabu  iNTuinT, 
above. 

PoLicT.    See  iNTKOiwcrioN,  above. 

PREMIUM  U  the  consideration  far  n  con- 
tract of  insunnce.  A  policy  of  insurance  al- 
ways ezpruses  the  consideration,  called  the 
premium,  which  is  a  certain  amount,  or  *  cer- 
tain rate  upon  the  value  of  the  ildi,  paid 
wholly  in  cash,  or  partly  so  and  partly  by 
promiaaonr  note  (called  a  premium  note,  and 
collatenUjr  secured  by  t  stipolatioa  in  the 
policy  for  iu  being  forfeited  bjr  its  Ban>pay 
ment)  or  otherwise.'  By  the  dmrten  efnitusl 
lire  inanrance  compaaies  Um  ianmd  hnUdinK 
is  usually  s«b|oct  to  n  lien  from  the  preaiium.i 
The  praadun  may  be  payable  hj  setyke  iren- 
dercd.k  In  l<ft  insunnce  the  premium  is 
usually  payable  periodically,*  and  the  ooMinu 
ance  oTlhe  risk  is  usually  made  to  depend 
upon  the  due  payment  or  a  periodleal  pre- 
mium.1  So  fer  as  the  agreed  risk  boot  liven 
in  amount  or  time  ander  a  marine  poUejr,  the 
whole,  or  a  woportional,  Mipulatcd,  or  eaalam- 
ary  part  of  the  premium  is  either  not  nwable, 
or.  if  paid,  b  to  be  returned  unless  oUMttwiie 
agreed.' 

REmisBMTATioia.  See  Apruc4Tiom,Krc., 

above. 

•;  19  Miss,  jui^si  How.  jt.    Ii"T.*»6. 
FarsoM  Mailt.  l..a$.  tt  Boili.  ■••:  lOmftHL 


l-il 


IN8URAKCE. 


4m 


eljr, « Ion  mav  b««am«  total 
imnining  U  of  luch  •  imall 
'hole  may  b«  turrmdarcd. 
nlxiva. 

P  DAMAOEI.  In  ca»c< 
lich  have  b««n  inturtd  fmm 
hen  Iha  •djuatmtnt  is  made, 
lied  by  valuing  the  proMriy, 
me  cott,  bu;  at  th«  price  at 
Id  at  the  lime  of  Mlling  the 
tJiTMKNT,  above. 
UM.      A    ciaaM     in    i 

liability  of  the  insurer  ii 
um.  Policiei  of  iniurance 
(tation  by  water  generally 
of  all  liability  from  lou  on 
r  than  total,  or  for  contnibu' 
rcrage,  and  for  liability  for 
on  certain  other  uticlei 
>hable,  or  apecially  liable  (u 
ified  rates,  or  each  varring 
f  per  cent.,  and  for  any  Iom, 
rc«  or  Sve  per  cent.  Some 
ticias  art  suM<et  lo  thoie 
ular  averua  in  tha  diven 
use  in  difierent  localities.' 
were  formerly  Introduced 
INDUM,"  or  "  N.  B.,"  and 
ailed  '*  mcmorandvm  arti 

of  mception  the  *«  memo- 
of  aiticlea  and  ratea  of  ex- 
I  in  different  placet,  and 
the  same  place.* 
See  IMUKAUJC  INTUIST, 

TRODUCTtON.  tbovt. 

he  consideration  Ua  a  con- 

A  policy  of  bnurance  al- 
consideratioa,  tailed  the 

certain  amount,  or  a  cer- 
value  of  tht  lidi,  paid 

partly  to  and  partly  by 
lied  a  prentun  aole,  and 

by  a  stinulatioQ  in  tht 

forftittd  Djr  iti  MA'pay- 

By  tht  chartan  of  auitusl 
uict  itiM  inturtd  Mldinii 
a  lienifkvm  the  prMulvm.i 
^  pajhMt  by  ttivtct  iren- 
Buranct  the  praaivm  i* 
>dicallY,>  and  dw  ooutlnu 

usualhr  nada  to  dq^d 
tent  or  a  paiiodleal  pre- 
•  agreed  liak  it  not  gWen 
tder  a  oMMina  fcikif,  the 
oal,  atipulatedt  or  cuatom- 
ium  is  either  not  u^ablr, 
returned  unlcta  oUMtwise 

I.  SceAmjCAiiOMi,crc., 
Ht.L.ils.  i^'Ml.fiZp.. 

»•  Ut.    Ii-*  T<'di  •(.      Ill 

•«j->AiMi.ira>.'s.; 

i«Bsfb.sla:  rOny, 


;»■' 


^ItKS  AND  PERILS.  The  riilc  or 
peril  in  »,n  accident  |X)licy  m  the  injury  or  dealh  j 
III  a  life  policy,  it  deaih ;  under  a  hre  policy, 
dcitruclion  or  dAmatfe  liy  firej  umler  a  marine 
|Hilicy,  bv  |«rils  of  the  teas,  ususlly  including 
lire)  ana  under  a  policy  upon  subject*  at  riiu 
ill  lake,  river  or  canal  navigation,  liy  perils  of 
(he  tame. 

Under  a  marine  hiturance  the  risks  are  from 
s  certain  place  to  a  certain  other,  or  from  one 
diite  to  another.  The  peril*  usually  insured 
ii)(sintt  as  "perils  of  (he  seas"  are:  fire,  light- 
ning, windt,  waves,  rocks,  shoals,  and  col- 
liiionsj  and  also  the  perils  of  hostile  capture, 
|>iraey.  theft,  arrest,  barratry  (seising  and  run- 
ning away  with  the  vessel,  negligence,  matiny, 
etc),  and  iettisons  (casting  the  goods  away, 
from  neceaalty,  whereby  they  sink  and  are  lost).' 
Hut  a  distinction  is  made  between  the  extra- 
ordinanr  action  of  perils  of  the  seas,  from 
which  iniuroit  or  underwriters  are  liable,  and 
wear  and  taar,  and  deterioration  hr  decay,  for 
which  they  are  not  liable.*  Perils  of  lakes, 
rivers,  ete.,  ai«  analogous  to  thoae  of  the 
MU.a 

Inturen  or  underwriters  are  not  liable  for 
loss  occasioned  by  the  gross  misconduct  of  the 
auared,  or  impuUble  to  him ;  but  if  a  vessel  is 
Msworthy,  with  suitable  officers  and  crew, 
underwriters  an  liable  for  loss,  though  occa- 
»ionad  through  the  mistakes  or  want  of  assiduity 
and  vigilance  of  the  officers  or  men.*  Under- 
writen  an  not  answerable  for  lou  directly 
stiributable  to  the  qualifications  of  the  insured 
lubject  independently  of  the  specified  tisks,»  or 
for  lou  distinctly  occasioned  by  the  fraudulent 
ur  graat  negligence  of  the  party  insured. 

Insuranee  against  illegal  risks,  sucli  at  trad- 
ing with  tbe  enemy,  the  slave  trade,  diatical 
cruisert,  and  Ulegal  kinda  of  butinett,  h  void.t 
Polioiat  atuallr  contain  cxprett  axceptiont 
of  some  ritkt  beiidet  those  im|diedly  excepted. 
These  run  be  in  maritime  inrarance,  contra- 
band and  illidt  interioping  trade;  violation  of 
blockade,  mobt  and  civil  commodont;  in  fi(« 
polieitt,  lott  on  itwelry,  paintingt.  sculpture, 
by  haaudaut  trade,  etc.;  in  life  policies,  loss 
by  suicide,  ritkt  in  ctrtain  climates  or  localities, 
and  in  certain  hatardouseroploymento,  without 
exprett  pMnnitaion.'    See  Avuugb;   Ixjss, 
shove. 
SaLVAQI.     SeeMAKITIMKLAW. 
TOTAL  LOtt  in  marine  insurance  is 
either  the  afaaolute  destruction  of  the  insured 
•ul^ect  by  tke  direct  action  of  the  perils  in- 
lured  againtt,  or  a  conttructive-aometimet 
called  tedmical— total  Iota,  in  which  the  party 
iiisurtd  it  deprived  of  the  potsession  of  the 
«ub|cet,  ttill  tubaitf  ing  in :  pecie,  or  where  there 

PhiM  ?"•  /f"  •  l""-    •••JWI-  las.  I  io«.'  |».i 

i-i  Wias*^  SSV  .'!•  1  'irti  •  ¥^- 1-  •  &t-  •$ 

DsBle,    • 

Ois. 

|<I9 


may  be  remnants  of  it,  or  claims  subsisting  oa 
account  of  it,  and  the  assured  by  (he  exprcM 
terms  or  L-gal  conslruclion  of  the  pf)licy  has 
the  right  to  recover  ils  value  fmm  the  under- 
writers, so  far  as,  and  at  the  rnte  of  which  it 
is  insured,  on  alwndonment  and  assignment  of 
the  still-Kulwisiing  subject,  or  remnants  or  claims 
arising  out  of  •!.• 

A  constructive  total  loss  may  be  by  capture; 
seisure  by  unlawful  violence,  as  piracy,'  or 
damage  to  ship  or  goods  over  half^  the  value 
at  the  lime  i;nd  place  of  loss,*  or  a  lou  of  the 
voyage  ;'  though  the  ship  or  goods  may  survive 
in  specie,  but  so  as  not  to  Im  fit  for  ase  in  the 
same  character  for  the  same  service  or  pur- 
pose >•  or  by  jettison ;«  or  by  necessity  to  sell  on 
account  of  the  action  and  effect  of  the  peril  in- 
snied  against  (7  or  by  loss  of  insured  freight 
consequent  on  the  loss  of  cargo  or  ship.*  There 
may  be  a  claim  for  a  total  loss  in  addition  to  a 
partial  loss.*  A  total  lots  of  the  ship  is  not 
necessarily  such  of  cargo,*  nor  is  submersion 
necessarily  a  total  lots;*  n«r  is  temporary  delay 
ot  the  voyage.* 

A  constructive  total  loss,  and  an  abandon- 
ment thereupon  of  the  ship,  is  a  constructive 
total  loss  of  freight ;  and  a  constructive  totol 
loss  and  abandonment  of  caigo  has  a  like  effect 
as  to  commissions  or  profiu  thereon ;  and  the 
validity  of  the  abandonment  will  depend  upon 
the  actual  facu  at  the  time  of  the  abandonment, 
as  the  tame  may  subsequently  prove  to  have 
been.* 

Valuation.  See  Estimated  Value, 
above. 

WARRANTY  in  insurance  is  a  stipula- 
tion or  agreement  on  the  part  of  the  insured 
purty.  in  the  nature  of  a  condition.  It  is  ex- 
prett when  the  stipulation  in  introduced  into 
the  written  contract  by  agreement  of  the  par- 
ties. It  is  implied  when  it  naturally  resulU 
from  the  nature  of  the  contract;  as,  that  the 
ship  ihall  be  seaworthy  when  she  taili  on  the 
voyage  insured. 

An  exprew  warranty  must  be  strictly  com- 
plied with,  and  the  assured  is  not  permitted  to 
allege,  in  exctite  for  non-compliance,  that  th» 
risk  was  not  thereby  affected,  since  the  par- 
ties have  agreed  that  the  stipulated  fact  or  act 
shall  be  the  batit  of  thetontract,'  unless  com- 
pliance it  rendered  illegal  by  a  subsequent 
statute.!  ^ 

The  mott  frequent  express  warranties  in  mar- 
itime polidet  are,  the  time  of  sailing,  and,  in 
time  of  bostilitiet,  the  national  character  of  the 
insured  tnbject  and  neutral  int^ia  and  con- 
duct. In  fire  and  life  policiea  warranties  are 
quite  numerous,  comprehending  all  the  facta 


5»i.  W-s  PWn.  Ins.  I i6os:  t  CslnesCss.  maj  Volln. 
Tom.  ..ot.  Ais.  a^,  «;s  Phill.  Ins.  H  i<i6. 1617  , 
CauMs.  196.     jr.a  >hin.  In*. i  t«»j;    5  Cr«v,  im;   i 

giyv;7.rufc-,«imr«.',ir-i^M 


«M 


INSURANCE— I NTKRKST. 


»:\ttf\  by  th«  applicant  in  hit  application  when 
int.-urii»ratf(l,  an  it  iiitually  is,  into  the  pnluy, 
and  cxprmily  cotitracted  by  refar«ince  thereto. 
In  fire  inturance  exprcM  reference  it  often  made 
lo  the  charter  of  the  company;  tpecially  lo  in 
mutual  cumpanicf,  and,  in  luch  companim,  lo 
rule*  and  regulationi,  and  condition!  indoncd 
upon  the  policy.*  A  policy  of  inaurancc,  no 
IcM  than  any  other  contract,  ia  aubiact  to  the 
•ondilion  of  fraud. 

.  lMl««ti«N.  Sm  CoimiArni :  Crimiiiai.  Law. 
\  lNl*r  Pmrtmm.  8m  CoMvavANcaa. 

INTUHWI*.  SMCoNTRAcn. 

Intmest  is  the  compensation  which  it  paid 
by  the  borrower  of  money  to  the  lender  fur  its 
use,  and,  generally,  by  a  debtor  to  hi*  creditor 
in  recompenM  for  hia  detention  of  the  debt. 
It  is  a  payment  for  the  uae  of  money. 

.ALLOWANCE  OP  INTBRB8T. 
The  contractor  who  has  enprmaly  or  impliedly 
undrrtaken  to  pny  interest  is,  of  course,  bound 
lodo  so.  Eaecutors,*  adminittrators,*  assign- 
ees of  bankruBta  or  Insolvents,*  guardians,* 
and  trustees*  wno  have  kept  money  an  unrea- 
sonable length  of  time,'  and  have  made,  or 
might  have  made,  it  ptodactive,*  are  charge- 
able with  inlcrMt. 

The  loider  upon  an  npraaa  or  implied  con- 
tract for  intemt  is  entitled  to  reeiiive  and  en- 
force it!  myment.  Executors,  administraton. 
etc.,  are,  in  some  caaea,  allowed  interest  for  ad- 
vnncea  made  by  them  on  acconnt  of  the  estates 
under  their  cha^.*  The  rale  has  been  ex- 
tended to  trustees,'  and  compound  interest 
even  allowed  them  J 

Exnini  CoNTKAcn.  Wh^  the  debtor 
expressly  undertakes  lo  pny  interest,  be  or  bit 
t)ersonal  tepretentativea  having  aaaals  are 
iMMind  to  pay  it.  But  if  a  party  has  accepted 
iJie  principal,  it  has  been  detern;ined  that  he 
cannot  recover  interest  in  a  separate  action.* 

IlirLiBD  CoNTKAcn  wharerfrom  tlM  course 
rff  dealings  between  the  parties,  a  promise  to 
my  is  implied,  the  debtor  is  bound  to  pay.' 
.So,  also,  on  an  mummt  stated,  or  other  liqui- 
dated sun,  whemver  the  dtditor  knows  pre- 

»-i  Phin 


Pick.  I :  .  AiU.  JM2  s» &fa.  *4  Cl.  ft  i^iji 
I  Pidc.  S3B-  k-ionek.  n:  •  HaM. m ;  sm 9 MttM. 
37-  l-iMm.  4M.  J-i<MaM.  nl.  ll-t  E«p.  N.  P. 
i>o:  3  Johaa.  no;  sie  i  Caaifb.jn:  1  Oatt.siSi 
Stark.  &.pi.4^7:MMe.MS^9<WolEk.4M.  tt 
Campb  jBi  «Bn>wnCii.  43*1  Kifft.M?:  ■  w«nd.  fat : 


o.c^-.na'i^miiiF 


"41  a 
ohi 


136:  wN.  y.4^;  13  lad.  473;  tjla.  161:  isJoImm. 
m,  «4!  s  Cshws, »«,  134.  ■  M'Conl, 4e«.  ■••tH. 
H.4t4!  •OeIU*^:^s*  nck.*»i:  »CaA.4»:  « 
Ken. joA.    •-iDdl. ttfs:  •Waad.^fafi  tC/om.iuti 

'  '**•  wli"-  '»"i2i»-  *"'  'IK"'  *»'  •  ^• 
■I :  vBiackr.  nj!  inkb.443i  aBA|k,4ta.    |»-t4Vin. 

Abr.  4ili  p*.  I :  s  Atk.  Ck.  si«i  «  Watts,  33^     %-t 

jrrs  Dw.  &  B.  70:  s 

.•I*.  AfSusb.  fi9i 


.c..«.^®i£! 


I  itcly  what  he  is  to  pav,  and  when  he  is  to  psy 
i  ■■  on  an  unnetdcd  claim,  .ifier  a  demand  of 
pnymeni.*  But  inieicst  is  not  due  for  unUquJ. 
d.i(e<l  damages,  or  on  a  running  account,  where 
the  items  are  all  on  one  side,  unlets  otherwiic 
agreed  upon;*  on  the  arrean  of  an  annuity  tr- 
cured  by  a  specialty,*  or  given  in  lieu  nf 
(lower  ;i  on  iUli  and  nota.  If  payable  at  1 
future  day  certain,  after  due ;'  if  payable  on 
demand,  after  demand  made.*  Where  the 
terms  of  a  promissory  note  are  that  it  shall  be 
liayable  by  Instalments,  and  on  the  failure  of 
any  instalment,  the  whole  it  to  become  due ; 
interett  on  the  whole  becomes  payable  from  the 
first  default.*  Where,  by  the  terma  of  a  bond 
or  a  promissory  note,  interest  is  to  be  paid 
annually,  and  the  principal  at  a  distant  day,  ih« 
interest  may  be  recovered  before  the  principal 
is  due.  On  a  defoiil  bv  a  purchaaer,  which 
he  is  entitled  to  recover  back,  paid  either  to  s 
principal  or  an  auctioneer.  For  gttdi  sold 
and  delivered  after  the  citslomarv  or  stipulated 
term  of  credit  has  expired  ;*  if  there  be  no 
credit,  then  from  the  time  of  sale.'  On  judg- 
mmt  debts/  from  the  rendition  of  judgment.' 
On  judgment  affirmed  in  a  higher  court.*  On 
m«H*y  oMaincd  by  fraud,  or  vrber*  it  has  been 
wrongfully  detained.^  For  whoever  receive) 
money  not  his  own,  and  detaina  it  from  the 
owner  unlawfully,  must  pay  interest  therefor, 
Hence,  a  public  officer,  retaining  money  wrang- 
fi'Uy,  is  chaiigeable  with  interest  durtog  the 
liase  of  such  wrongful  detainer.*  So,  an  agent, 
■nreaaonably  neglecting  to  inform  hia  priacipei 
of  receipt  of  money,  is  liable  for  the  interest 
from  the  tiete  when  he  slionld  have  communi- 
cated Mch  infbfmMion.'  Bat  «» agent  b  not 
generally  liable  for  interest  on  limdt  in  hi* 
haada,  aalesa  he  uses  them,  or  is  in  iMhalt  in 
«eco«atin(  for  them.*  On  money  paid  hvmis- 
take,  er  NooMNd  on  a  void  exeentioai'  On 
moaey  lent  or  laid  oat  lor  another's  nae,*  On 
money  had  aad  neaived  after  demaad.k  Oa 
paichata  aadMy  «riiieh  has  lai^  dead,  when 
the  vendor  CMiiiot  nmlte  a  title.'  On  purahase- 
money  raoMiaiBg  ia  the  panhaier's  haada  to 

t«e  4  Aik.  eio. 
sM;  Sid.  SSI. 
v-SoM*a  Vend 


:  sea  ■  AnMS' NsMs  and  B.  hi.«« wy, 
id.  SS7>  |CaRiplt.ssl;  sTaunTtn;  bM 


W-Doufel 


Il4S^  k^MaM.«H:  1  Caa^.  ita;  tCow'. 
i^siNtsa:  4 WSai. *,;r57«liaa,  A.  H. 
I  Plek.  §«.  ^>  Met.  in  I  4  finiiisa.jMi  « 


Joltat^. 

Each.  119;  _ ,— J.  —  W-.  -„  -  ^-^  ,^, » 

Id.  >tf3s  t  IMt  Mfii*  "ea.  ftM.  |lt|  i^i|ijr.4:  » 


^22 


pav,  And  when  h«  U  to  p»j 

claim,  after  k  demiind  oi 

iittt  it  niit  du«  for  unMqui- 

III  B  running  accoant,  whrrc 

on«  lide,  unlm  iMhtrwuc 

•  MT«are  of  Ml  annttiiy  «c- 
l(y,»  or  given  in  lieu  nf 
H4/  neia.  If  payable  at  a 

after  due  /  if  pavable  on 
land  made.'  Wnere  the 
iry  note  are  that  it  thall  be 
nil,  and  on  the  fuilure  of 
whole  ia  to  become  due; 
t  becomea  payable  from  the 
re,  by  the  lerroa  of  a  bond 
Me,  intereat  it  to  be  paid 
incipal  at  a  diatant  day,  the 
>vered  before  the  principal 
vA  bv  a  purchaaer.  which 
over  back,  paid  either  to  a 
:lionecr.  ror  gMtl*  sold 
ihif  cwlomary  or  Mipulated 
expired;*  if  there  be  nu 
!  time  of  aale.*  On  /mtlg' 
le  rendition  of  Judgment.' 
ed  in  a  higher  court.*  On 
raud,  or  wnen  it  haa  been 
>  For  whoever  lecaivei 
I,  and  detaina  it  fran  the 
nutt  pay  intereat  thaMbr, 
er,  retaining  money  wrong- 

with  intereat  during  the 
il  detainer.*  So,  an  agent, 
ting  to  inform  hb  priacipel 
r,  is  liable  for  the  Interat 
he  ilKMid  have  coaununi- 
ion.'  Bnt  a»  agent  b  not 
'  intereat  on  Amda  in  bis 
es  them,  or  ia  in  defcnh  in 

*  OnaKMMTpaidheniis- 
m  a  void  excention/  On 
•t  for  anotber'o  nte.<  On 
lived  after  denand.k  Oa 
lich  haa  lain  dead,  where 
■ke  a  title.*    On  parahaie- 

the  pnrehaaer'a  kaada  to 

iBbm.  i<|}  aiCaM. 

^..laa  and  B.  jai     ~ 

Caapkajt;  sTauar« 


'•  M» 


UMM'Jfotaa  and  B.  Ml ,  «t  «f . 


'"to<.ii«.i  II  Ala.  411;  jib- 
>-i4>ta.  A>r. 4(|Ln.  tli  4 


«a{  iBla 
•I.  (Ifaa.j 


I  i4MMji.e9».  ,*IiaMi^rtr>, 
\ii$:-±MaM.  s|Bi  I  Rami  k 

«•,«.;  tTaMM.sast  4 
M.  104:1  Caqipb.iaB: 

iMcl.  (>•!    4( 

il.tif;  4M«t'<as]  1' 

I  S«aM.  C.  C.  3*    L 


INTEREST. 


pay  off  incumbrances.i  Mmi  from  the  lime 
ihrit  it  is  due.*  Even  if  the  rent  la  payable 
otherwise  than  in  money,  but  ia  not  so  paid.' 
Interest  cannot,  however,  he  recovered  for 
arrears  of  rent  payable  in  wheat." 

When  the  rate  of  interest  is  »necifi«d  in  any 
contract,  that  rate  continuea  until  full  payment 
IS  made. 

JttDaMBNTi.  Upon  a  note  made  payable  in 
a  certain  number  of  yean,  with  interest  an- 
nually, Judgment  can  be  recovered  only  for 
•iniple  interest  on  the  principal  sum.* 

TIME    DUK— DATS    Of    ALLOWANCE,    ETC 

In  actiona  Um  money  had  and  received,  inter- 
est ia  allowed  from  the  date  of  the  service  of 
the  writ.*  On  debu  payable  on  demand,  in- 
terea  it  payable  only  (rom  th«  demand.'  The 
words  ••  with  intantt  for  th«  tAme  "  carry  in- 
terest from  dale.«  The  mcrr  {'ircumaUncea  of 
w.ir  esitUng  between  two  luuions  ia  not  a  suf- 
ficient rcaaon  for  abating  intereat  on  debt*  due 
by  the  avbiecu  of  one  Mligertnt  to  another.' 
But  •  Mohibitioa  of  all  intwcounn  with  an 
enemv  during  war  ftimiahaa  n  sound  reaaoa  for 
the  abatamcnt  of  interest  nalil  the  ivtnm  of 
iwace.* 

A  debt  barrMl  by  th»  stahito  of  Umitatiora, 
and  revived  by  an  acknowledgment,  ban  b- 
lereat  for  the  whole  time.* 

COIfPOUND  INTBRBtT.  Intciwt 
upon  interest  U  not  allowed,  txcmt  In  special 
coses,*  and  the  as;  iform  cvrrcnt  oT  decisions  ia 
ngainst  it.  aa  being  a  haitl.  OMMtaivn  nuMtioa, 
And  tending  to  naury.*  If  an  ■pamnaiit  k 
made  to  convert  Intereat  already  dnn  tato  prin- 
lipal,  or  if  accounts  between  partiea  art  Mttled 
I7  roMa.  and  tberalbre  in  «&ct  upon  the  prin- 
Mpal  cf  conponnd  intcreit.  whldi  mar  be 
done  b]r  an  expraia  accounting,*  or  nndar  a 
t^istom  «f  foimudlng  accounta,  qnaitarly,  half- 
\«arly.  «r  yearly,  to  the  debtor  who  acanieacaa 
in  then  by  hit  aUtacat*  tbeia  tnuHactioni  are 
valid,  and  aanctioned  bjr  thn  law  1  and  aneh  a 
method  of  Mmputatlon  to  even  diivcted  by 
rooAs^  If  pomponnd  intereat  hat  accraed, 
tven  wder  a.  prior  hai«tia  fiMrit,and  beteg 
ictnally  paid.  Jt  cannot  be  recoveivd  back.* 
littC  compound  interest  cannot  bt  recovwed  aa  ' 
sucb,  even  if  it  be  espreaaljr  pn^iiaed.*  But 
annual  rots  In  oierCBaats'  fitmniti  $n  al- 


lowed,* though  not  after  mutual  dealings  have 
ceased.*  In  cases  where  It  is  exprcsaly  Uipu- 
laled  that  interest  shall  be  |M)nl  !e  at  certain 
fixed  times,  it  haa  been  held  th.it  interest  may 
be  charged  upon  the  interest  from  the  time  it 
ia  navafale.* 

where  a  partner  has  overtlrawn  the  partnc- 
ahip  funda,  and  refuses,  when  called  upim  'o 
account,  to  disclose  the  profits,  tecuursc  would 
lie  had  to  compound  interest  oa  a  substitute  for 
the  pnAta  he  might  reasinably  be  supposed  im 
have  auuie.*  And  when  executors,  admini«> 
Iratora,  or  trustees  convert  the  trust  money  l« 
their  own  use,  or  employ  it  in  buiiness  or 
trade,  or  Call  to  invest,  they  are  chargeable  with 
compound  intereat.' 

In  an  action  to  recover  the  annual  Intereat 
due  on  a  promissory  note,  interest  will  be 
allowed  on  each  year's  interest  until  paid.* 

An  iniaat't  contract  to  pay  interest  on  inter- 
«!St  will  b«  binding  upon  him  when  it  is  for  hit 
benefit.* 

CQMPUTINO  INTBRB8T.  In  cast- 
ing intereat  on  notes,  bonds,  etc.,  upon  which 
partial  payments  have  been  mode,  evei7  pay- 
ment ia  to  be  first  applied  to  keep  down  the  in- 
terest {  but  the  interest  is  never  allowed  to 
form  a  part  of  the  principal  so  at  to  carry  in- 
terest.' When  a  partial  payment  exceeds  the 
amount  of  interest  due  when  it  is  made,  it  ia 
correct  to  compute  the  interest  to  the  time  of 
the  fint  payment,  cast  intereat  on  the  remainder 
to  tbe  ome  of  the  second  payment,  add  it  to 
the  remainder,  and  subtract  the  second  pay- 
ment, and  in  like  manner  from  one  payment  to 
another,  until  the  time  of  judgroenls.1  And 
the  tame  rule  aupliea  to  judgments.* 

Whan  «  partial  pavment  11  made  bcTora  the 
debt  ia  due,  it  cannot  be  apportioned  part  to  the 
debt  and  part  to  the  interest.  As,  if  there  be 
a  bond  Ibr  one  hundred  dollars,  payable  in  one 
year,  ud  at  the  expiration  of  six  montha  fiAy 
dollait  be  paid  in,  this  payment  shall  not  be 
apportioned  part  to  the  prlncind  and  part  to 
the  Intemtt.  but  at  the  end  of  the  year  Intereat 
thall  be  charged  on  the  'vhole  sum,  and  the 
obligor  aball  receive  credit  for  the  interett  of 
fifty  dollars  fi>r  six  months.' 

FOBBION  IKTBRB8T.  The  rate  of 
interest  of  the  place  of  {lerf^oxmance  U  to  be 

14  m.  1 :  16 
«aalk.  490; 

.»t;  •  MiSs. 

4M:  yCncnl. 

^,  ,  -    tyf     »••  jvuw.  vn.  miv^fH',  J  Wash. 

C.  C  list  J  qj.  *li.   •^JjWaah.  C.  fc.  mV  :  u 

M-CWd,3ll:  aRaUS.l:.)M«.-  3  Rich.  If 5:  1  N.  H. 

••«  lehns.  Ch.  eis.  :t-i  .Pick.  «• ; 
«->  Mfia.  i8t :  114. 44}  ,•  t  N.  M.  V 
ttiedmbig 


i..  Cat.  141,  J7I. 

!*• :  I  JohjM.  Ch.  Aio. 


4 JOf     WHI  WlIK*  4M *  Oh  CmsV  <f^  fltt *  mrm^i  aft 


if 
m 


iNTSaBST. 


•ItowiMi  whtn  mA  pbM  to  qMcHM,*  nthcr- 
wtM  of  th*  placa  of  making  lb*  coiitrkci  ■ 
But  lh«  r*l«  of  ini«r«*i  of  •tih«r  place  imt  ba 
rcMrvtd)  and  Ihli  pruvltum  will  govvni.  If  an 
kon««(  iranMclion,  and  not  «  covtr  Cor  wiiry.* 

LIMITATION  OP  INTBRMT. 
Wk«a  the  money  <iu«  ia  iandartd  lo  th«  p«non 
tniillad  lo  il,  and  he  refuMr*  to  rtc«iT«  ll,  lh« 
inl«rM(  ctM«t.»  Wh«r«  the  p!alniUI  hi  nbMnt 
In  foreign  part*  beyond  th«  ••••,  avkleiiM  of 
thai  fact  amy  be  given  in  evidence  to  tbe  juij 
on  the  plee  of  paymraii,  in  order  to  ntii^iHlah 
the  interctt  dwnw  tuch  'Haence.* 

Whei\ever  the  Taw  prt.iibits  the  pnyent  of 
the  prindpnl,  inleieat  dtulag  the  prohibition  ia 
not  deoMBdable.' 

If  the  plaintlir  has  eccepted  the  principal, 
he  cannot  recover  the  intaftn^ia  n  eepnrata 
action.* 

.  To  TMl  PiNALTY  OT  BoMO.    It  to  B  gen- 
eral rale  that  the  pcnaltv  of  a  boad  linitt  the 
eoverv.l     But  in 


amount  of  the  recovery.' 
the  iniereat  ia  recoverable  beyond  the  amottnt 
of  the  penally.*  The  recovery  dependa  oa 
principles  of  law,  and  not  on  the  atbttmy  dis* 
cretion  of  a  jnry.* 

The  exceptions  are  i  Where  the  bond  to  lo 
account  for  moneys  to  be  received  t*  where  the 
plaintiff  to  kept  out  of  hto  money  by  writo  of 
error,*  or  delayed  by  injunction  (f  if  the  ro> 
oovery  of  the  debt  be  delayed  by  the  obligor  ;• 
if  cslraordlnary  emolaments  are  derived  llroai 
holding  the  money  ;•  or  the  bond  to  taken  only 
as  a  collateral  aScurity;*  ot  the  action  be  oa  • 
Judgment  recovered  on  a  bond.*  ^t  these 
exceptions  do  not  obtain  in  the  admintotration 
ef  the  debtm's  assets,  where  hto  olh«  freditois 
might  be  Iniured  by  nllowliig  th  vttd  to  be 
rated  beyond  the  penalty.* 

RISK  OR  8BRVICB.  A  le»  «  bm* 
charge  an  txKn  price  fixr  the  risk  he  incurs,  if  • 
that  risk  to  dtotinct  and  difleient  IktNB  the  mere 
peiMNud  rtok  of  the  debtor  being  unable  to 
peyi  fcrnothingof  thtokiadtoaayjnstificatioa 
whatever  for  more  than  kgal  interest.  But 
where  rspayment  of  monejr  Mued  to  made  to 
depend  nptmthe  hqyeniagof  rwlingst  events, 
there  the  lender  may  l«ke,  beside  Mirast  ibr 
the  sua  loaned,  enough  mof«  to  iaam«  Mm 
against  the  casualty  whidi  mifi«  destroy  hto 
claimi  that  to,  as  mndi  aoiv  m  the  itok  to 


3i 


■B-toWkaal.  }<yi  4  >•{.  Ill  I  •»  JnluiB.  fw :  •  ftck. 
til  J  N. y.  nMj  ivjji.  Aa^Siii   i  B. 

,..j  

.jia  s  1 1  Vaa.  Ok  m  s  s  Vam.  Ch.  ■ 


Taa,  nMi  f  Irad. 


Wa«h 
I*  Ml 
5";  » 


'.ft  S.  gtrji  nyutm;   ti  Ga.  i."; ;  aa 
id.  4a4 1  iChin  ft  r.  Ho.  Lda.  i~».    ■- 

JJ'^^B*  «Im*.«o:  irJohaa. 
aMi  IS  N.  H.  4B I  as  1%  4r4 :  I  Ala. 

i.lr««*'    ♦?•  ■*•*.**!  BThn5jit.Hs  14 y». 


ao  lian^  t ;  ajobaa.  Oaa.  iut  ao^lhuat. 


iTmum'  NoMa 
•  BaH.tM:  sBl 

••at  iFttC.  C. 


, w.  C.  m4 1  aaa  alio  a  0 

S:<  ^if.  iw{  s  jotaksafi  aaa  14' 


n»JjJ 
■•4Cbi 


«.   W4T.R.IM.    »aBBB.M9«.  jr^^ 


Lim;   4M.*N. 
^aad.  ii«.    *•*  T. 

Caaa.  Ma 


•  34»i 


worth.  80.  a  lender,  whether  hanker,  broker,* 
engaged  In  iraile,  tm  Iciuling  hte  own  mtmey.' 
may  charge,  in  adililion  10  the  diacounl.  a  rea- 
xmable  compenMiloo  for  hit  tnHtble  or  aervice*. 
But  Ike  turn  paid  aa  luch  compcntalion  or  cum 
miaalom  for  service  and  trouble  In  anv  cutm  mu«i 
not  exceed  Ihe  amount  ciiually  laRen  In  the 
couna  of  tra<le  or  buiinea* ;  and  if  il  do,  such 
exceia  will  molie  the  contract  uaurloua.t 

■ALEt  OP  NOTBt,  Bte.  NegotU 
ble  paper  may  be  told  for  icis  ihan  ill  face, 
and  Ihe  purchaacr  can  recover  ila  whole  amov* 
from  Ihe  malier  when  it  falto  due,  although  he 
thereby  gelt  much  more  Ihan  legal  inlerett  for 
Ihe  UM  of  hit  money ;  and  this  principle  ex- 
lends  lo  bonds  and  other  securities  for  money 
loaned,  tor  such  paper  to  property!  ud  one 
may  mU  the  notes  which  he  holds  at  a  price 
made  low,  either  bpr  doubts  of  the  solvency  of 
Ihe  maker,  or  bv  itrtngencv  in  the  motiey  market, 
as  well  as  his  liouse  or  Ma  horse  st  a  leas  than 
the  average  price.  But  the  purchase  mutt  be 
actual,  and  made  in  good  faitn.  and  not  merely 
intended  to  give  eflicacv  lo  a  usurious  conirsct. 
For  if  a  psrson  makes  Bto  own  note,  and  sellt 
that  ktr  what  he  can  get,  thto,  while  in  appear- 
ance the  sale  of  a  note,  to  in  fcet  a  loan  and  a 
borrowing,  and  nothing  she.  If  the  seller  pf 
a  note  acquired  it  by  purchase,  or  if  it  to  hit 
for  monev  advanced  lyt  lent  bv  him  lo  its  full 
amount,  he  mav  sell  it  for  what  he  can  gel  1 
but  if  ae  be  iBe  amker  of  the  note,  or  the 
agent  of  the  maker,  aad  receivca  for  the  aote 
less  thaa  would  be  paid  him  if  onhr  a  lawful 
discount  were  msde,  it  to  a  usurious  loen. 
Where  a  note  has  been  frirly  executed,  and 
where  there  to  no  usury  between  the  ortoinsl 
parties,  so  that  the  psyot  has  acquired  a  kgsl 
right  to  sue  Ihe  maker  upon  Ihe  note,  he  may 
then  dtopose  of  it,  st  any  rate  of  disoonnt  from 
its  face,  aad  the  purchaser  will  have  a  tMn  lo 
eaforce  it  for  its  full  smount  agaiasi  the  aAer.* 

UBURIOUB  INTBRBSr.  Usury  to  the 
taking  of  more  interest  than  the  law  alktws. 
The  excess  over  Ihe  legal  rate  charged  Ihe  bor- 
rower for  Ihe  use  of  money.  Th«o  must  there- 
fore be  the  use  of  aioney  t  wMch  may  be  by  a 
looa,  or  by  the  ooatianance  of  aa  existimrdcbi. 
To  one  or  the  other  of.  these  classes  aO  wn- 
tncts  for  tte  nee  of  aioitcy  may  be  refcnred. 


S^S"^  W?S-**"  .!!'*••«»  *S^-mit 


'•r,  wWIt*?  tMiikar,  brnkvr,* 
m  UiMlinc  hla  own  nMnicy.' 
liiion  lo  tM  diacmint,  •  rM- 
on  for  hi*  Inmbi*  or  Mrvicc*. 
I  luch  compcnMliun  or  own 
ind  Iroubt*  In  anv  caae  mui( 
nouni  twualljr  Uk«n  la  iht 
iMiilnctw  I  and  If  it  do,  tiich 
it  contract  u«urlo«t.« 

NOTBt,  KU.  N*f(i4l« 
told  for  icii  ihan  i(*  face, 
an  recover  iu  whole  amov* 
i«n  It  fall!  due,  allhouxh  he 
more  than  legal  Ititemi  for 
icy:  and  thh  principle  n- 
I  other  Mcurtilea  for  money 
paper  ia  property!  aad  one 

which  ha  nolda  at  a  price 
f  dottbia  of  the  solvency  of 
ngtncy  in  the  nuMiey  market, 
I  or  U*  hona  at  a  leea  than 

But  tha  pnrchaM  matt  be 
t  good  faitA,  and  not  merely 
Icacv  to  a  ntarloos  contract. 
ket  hit  own  note,  and  mIIi 
>  get,  Ihte,  while  in  appear- 
itote,  h  in  tm  a  loan  and  a 
king  aha.  If  Iha  aellar  pf 
by  parchaaa,  or  If  It  i*  hb 
il  iv  lent  bv  him  to  ila  Ikll 
ell  It  for  what  ha  can  gati 
maker  of  the  note,  or  the 
r,  and  recdvea  for  iha  aote 
I  paid  him  if  onlv  a  lawful 
dt,  it  la   a  aMrioua  loan. 

been  frirljr  execated.  and 
lunry  betwaan  tha  original 

payee  haa  acquired  a  legal 
liter  upon  Iha  note,  ha  may 
It  anjr  rata  of  diicoant  llrom 
rchaaar  will  have  a  rldil  lo 
amount  agaim*  Iha  aSkar.* 
NTBKBSr.  Utttfyisthe 
erett  than  tha  law  allow*. 
I  legal  rata  chargad  tha  boi- 
monejr.  There  mast  there- 
Boneyi  whidimajr  be  bv  a 
laaanca  of  «a  axittimrdcM. 
trjof.iheaa  daMea  all  «on- 
if  noilejr  may  ha  icfonrad. 


--... J«eli.jiis*»__ 

a, KbuHfl,*!!!  MPltii*^ ; 


INTKIinT-LANDIORD  AND  TENANT. 


4?» 


And  to  eomtitufe  niury,  lh«re  mutt  be  an  agrr«' 
iiiriit  that  he  who  ha«  the  ute  of  the  money 
•hall  pay  Iha  owner  of  il  more  Ihan  the  lawful 
iiiiercti  therefor. 


IwfavfkraNaa.  %m  rarawr* 
iNtocliwantloM.    •••  Cut 


CuirraAcr*!    Cointn- 

iMtarhtawtory.  Sm  PnacTKi 

frMttlMtMl  Irfiw.   8w  ilil*  Uim,  "  InMr- 


•  MiM;    Wa 

iMtai 
liitai 

ijitoiuti  Law 


iNlarploA 
Inlarpvat 


Sm  yaAcnca. 
la*  Cowraacra, 


lalerpraiav.  •««  BvioaMca. 
lalotrvoMlWrtaa.  1m  tgoirv:  Kvioam  *. 
iNlartv^tUei.  8m  Umiiation 
iNtaataai',   iNtaalM*.     Im  CanvavancBt, 

"  Wlilt. 

iNwMlMloa,  Sm  Warn. 
lwiail«t«N.  |m  ParaMrt. 
laiVMtloev.  8a*  Paarr.ca. 
Iwvioa.  laaCoMmaciAi  Uw. 
iBVMUtenr.  Sm  Act*. 
frvaaralfrf lir,  Sm  P*acticb. 
Igwallltio  f^Mnm.  Sm  Accimwt. 


I. 
la 


.   iMWATaa. 
KBAt  Paoraarv. 
IviitaMcaj  PuiAMNa. 
iirraACTt. 
PHACTtca. 
fwlwt  MMl  ■•▼••ml 


laawo.  Sm 
Joliiii 

Sar  Boaae. 

iMmt  OaatMM*.  Hm  CoimiACT*. 

I^"!  l*»''f*w«»«t*«a.  Sm  Ear  Ate*. 

JMBtiTmaaiila.  Sm  CoirraAcnii  Cowvav- 
AHcm. 

{•*■«  VvwalaM.  Sm  EtTATaa,  "Tnitia." 

JMMtaao.  Dm  EaTAri*. 

Jaarmal.  Sm  Accuumt*;  LaoMLATiOM;  KlAat. 
Tina  Law,  nc. 

J *•<■••  im  BvtMNca:  OrrKa  amo  Oaricaa*. 
■ft*  A«v«M«t«.  Sm  Orrici 


._,w.^..„  ^.  OrricB  Ada  Oraicaaa. 

■•!•«.  Sm  tviaaiacB. 

aM«  Sm  PBACTica. 

•s -T^  nwaaaalagn.  Im  PaAcnca. 

tmrm,  Sw  AreiiMvm. 

JBirlMlattom.  Sm  PaAcnca. 

i«Hi|Maaa«o.  SmUw. 
■tjr.  Sm  FBACTica. 
wiilo««r«k«Vaa«o.  Sm  Ormea  ana  Ovn. 

Sm  PiaAmKOi  PaAcnca. 


CBB*. 


,  Sm  RaAL  Paoraarv. 
I^mMMW    AUK   TBHAVT.    Sm    A*. 

■0NM8M8i  loMBai  CoMraACr«2  CoavavAMcea,  arc. 

Landlord  and  TiNANTh  a  term  aaed  to 
denou  tha  rektioo  which  sabaiata  by  virtue  of 
the  contract,  eapreea  or  implied,  between  two 
or  mora  panona,  for  tha  pamcation  or  occupa- 
tion ei  land!  or  lanamenls,  either  for  a  definite 
period,  for  life,  or  at  will. 

A  LANDLORD  ia  a  penon  who  owna  or  hold* 
landa  and  lenemanta  which  ha  leatca  or  ranu 
out  to  othera. 

A  TRNANT  ia  one  who  hat  tha  tffmpararjrnae' 
and  occvpation  of  landi  and  tenemente  which 
ibelmig  to  another,  tha  dnration  and  other  term* 
of  whoaa  oecapatJoa  jir«  wmally  defined  by  an 
agreanaat  called  a  lease,  whila  tiia  parties 
thcialo  ara  placed  in  tha  ralation  of  landlord 
and  tanant.* 

A  LIASS  is  a  ooctract  for  tha  poaiemioii  and 
profits  of  lands  and  tancmeau  oa  tha  ana  side. 


and  a  iccompente  nf  rent  nr  other  Income  oa 
the  other.*  The  ihirty  who  !«•*»•*  ■•  called 
0\*  l*tt»r  ;  he  lo  wtiom  lh«  lcn««  i*  mail*,  the 
hit** ;  an<l  tha  compenaalion  or  contidaralicm 
of  the  Itatc  ia  Iktrtnl. 

Ex  I  BBSS  Con  ra  ACT.    When  the  relation  of 
landlord  and  tenant  I*  created  by  an  e»pr«ta 
contrai!,  the  inntrument  made  ute  of  for  the 
puriMiM  ia  called  a  laaae.     One  of  the  eaaential 
urouertlpa  of  a  Irate  It  Ihal  iu  duration  muM 
be  [or  a  »h<>rt«r  period  than  tha  duration  of  the 
iiitrreat  of  ih«  icomr  in  the  landi  for  If  he  dii- 
}xMct  of  \\\*  entire   intercm.   It   becomea  an 
mtijfnmfm/,  and  lhi»  it  not  a  leate.     In  other 
words,  the  grtmiinK  of  a  lca«e  alwayt  nuppo*** 
(hat  Iha  grantor  rtuirm  lu  himicif  a  revertion 
in  the  leaied  premi«et. 
See  title  Cunvkvancis,  "  Leaiet,"  ante. 
iMrtiKD  CuNT«ACT.     Tht  relnilon  of  land- 
lord and  tenant  may  arlie  by  ncceatary  impli- 
cation from  the  circumtiance*  of  the  caae  and 
Iha  nrlative   poellion  of  the  partiea  lo  each 
other  t    for  (he  law   will   imply  iu  exittence 
whenever  there  i*  an  ownen«hip  of  land  on  the 
one  hand,  and  an  occupation  of  il  l>y  permit- 
tion  on  the  other ;  end  in  all  tuch  case*  it  will 
be  prMamed  that  the  occupant  intend*  to  a>m- 
pensale  the  owner  for  the  ute  of  the  prcmif^it.* 
Thia  refailion  may  be  inferred  from  a  variety 
of  circumitanceai    but  the  moat  obviou*  ac- 
knowledgment of  iu  eaitlenca  it  the  payment 
of  rant  i  and  this  principle  applies  even  after 
the  expiration  of  an  exprem  term  of  yeara ;  for 
if  Iha  tenant  continues  lo  bold  over  after  hit 
term  has  ran  out,  the  landlord  mav,  if  he 
chooses,  consider  him  a  tenant,  and  he  Is,  in 
fact,  understood  to  do  so,  unleu  he  prociteds  to 
eject  him  at  once.    If  tha  landlord  suffers  him 
to  remain,  and  receives  rent  from  him,  or  by 
any  other  act  acknowled|aa  him  as  tenant,  a 
■aw  tenancy  springs  np  of  so  definite  a  charac- 
ter that  it  cannot  ba  terminated  by  either  party, 
escept  by  a  reasonable  notica  lo  ouit.*    The 
payment  of  money,  however,  it  only  a  /rtnaa 
/»fie  acknowledgment  of  Iha  existence  of  a 
tenancy  t  for  if  it  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
paid  as  rent,  but  sUnds  upon  soma  other  con- 
sideration, il  will  not  ba  evidence  of  a  subsitt- 
ing  tenancy.*    Neither  docs  a  mere  participa- 
tion in  tha  profiu  of  land,  where  the  owner  is 
not  excladad  from  tha  poasemioa  nor  the  let- 
ting of  land  upon  sharas,  unless  the  occupant 
expressly  agrcaa  to  pay  a  certain  part  of  the 
crop  as  rent,  10  either  cata   amount   to   a 
tenancy.' 

But  tha  relation  of  landlord  and  tenant  will 
not  ba  infarrad  from  tha  mere  occupation  of 
land,  if  the  relativa  poaition  of  tha  parties  to 
each  olhar  can,  mder  tha  circomstances  of  the 
case,  ba  referred  to  any  other  distinct  canse  t 
aa,  for  instance,  between  a  vendor  and  vendee 
of  lead,  where  the  purchaser  remains  in  pos- 
letslon  aAer  tiie  agreement  falh  through.    For 

!?■*•  !?1'^  £  * '• '♦'L  •?  '  *S- I'li '• ''^ 
a^ ;    n  Ad.  ft  E.  m :  «  Migh.  oi .    f-ii  Mata.  441  j 

i  Spaara.  4oer  J  M-eord.ait^IU.  ft  J.  aMj  jzVm. 


UKUatfJStr^iaiiW 


J 
1  ■ 


LAND1X>RD  AND  TINAMT. 


iIm  poiwwiow  Iff  ttiAl  nM>  WM  •vMantlf  ukrn 
wllh  th«  uniUnunilini  iif  hiilh  |i«r1ln  thai  lh« 
«ci,«|ianl  (luNild  Im  lh«  owner,  ami  n«(  (•n«nl  i 
•Nil  lk«  «i(h«r  \mnj  cannot,  wilkoui  bi*  cim 
«*nf,  cunvtii  him  Into  •  Uniint,  «<  m  to  char|(« 
klm  with  r«ni.«  Th«  Mm«  pnncipU  •pv>l)«* 
to  inurlgaiiur  and  mortgagaa,  m  wall  m  to  that 
1)1  a  murtgaf  or  and  (h«  MaliuM  of  iIm  mixn 
lagM  i  for  nu  privity  of  aalata  oaUU  in  ailhar 
caM  i  and,  •«  «  ganaral  ml*,  a  tanancy  hy 
ImpilcaiUm  can  navar  aria*  undcf  a  party  whu 
ka«  ni>i  iha   lagal   aaiata  of  tk«  pramiaaa  in 

KlfillT*  AND  LlAMLina  GUtUALtV,  Tha 
right*  and  ohllnaiiona  of  IIm  partlaa  «dll  Ix 
cu«»idtrfd  a*  having  commwicad  frwn  Ik*  data 
of  tha  leaaa.  If  ihcra  h«  on«.  and  no  olltw  lima 
for  it*  comniaiicamant  haa  baan  tmnti  apon  i 
or,  i(  there  b«  no  data,  titan  fram  IM  delivery 
of  iIm  paper*.  If,  howevar,  llMra  be  ao  writ- 
ing*, li  wtll  talia  eilact  from  lU  day  tlM  tenant 
cntarad  into  poaaawilofi,  and  not  wiUi  rtfartnc* 
to  any  <)«arter-day.*  And  tha**  ri(hu  and 
datlaa  attach  tu  each  of  tlM  partiM,  not  oaly  In 
reapect  to  aach  otkar,  bat  alao  with  fffcranca 
to  otberjperanai  who  ara  atrangan  lo  Ika  con- 
tract.  The  laadlonl  rataina  aartaia  righto  over 
(ha  property,  althotigh  ha  haa  pailad  with  ita 
iwaaaion,  wUla  the  tanant  aiaaRiaa  obligpttion* 
with  raapect  to  tt  wkich  aoaUniw  to  long  aa  ka 
•a  invaalad  with  Ikal  character. 

AAar  tha  makitHT  "*  •  1mm,  iIm  rigkl  of 
pOMiMion,  in  legal  ctmlempiatioa,  nawiftt  in 
Iha  landlord  unlil  the  contmet  ia  oaMvaMMled 
by  tha  entry  of  ttia  laiaae.  Whan  tha  tenant 
eaten,  tkla  right  of  aoaaaaiion  diaagea,  and  he 
draws  lo  himself  all  tha  rigtes  tndJwt  to  poa- 
sesslon  after  this.  Tha  laadlord's  lighte  ia  tha 
premisaa  are  aaspaaded,  or  oonAnad  to  tiM  pro- 
tection of  his  revenionaiy  iatarasti  that  is,  to 
tha  maiataaaRca  of  actions  for  svdi  ii^arias  as 
would,  In  tiM  tirdiaary  coarse  of  things,  con- 
llnae  to  alKsct  bis  interest  after  the  daterasiaa- 
lion  of  the  lease.  Of  sttck  ara  acUooa  ht 
laraaking  the  windows  of  a  hoase,  ontUag  tim- 
lier,  or  daasning  an  a  rivalet,  wher^  Iha 
limber  an  the  estalii  hecawiea  rattaaJ  Tm  ia- 
jury  must  ba  «f  saah  ft  eharartar  as  parma 
nenily  afccte  tha  iabsrilsara  t  but  itaMqrbaao 
if  any  Mia  interinaa  willi  Ua  leaaats,  sad  dla> 
turfas  their  aajoymaat  so  for  as  to  aaaaa  him 
loH  of  rant  or  oiiMr  daasagei* 

The  landlord  mmf,  however,  go  apoa  Iha 
premlsea  paaaeably  for  Iha  aaipiaa  of  asoaitaia- 
ins  whether  any  waste  or  injiny  has  been  aom« 
nittcd  bytbe  Icaaator  aavawer  paraoa,frst 
givinc  noiiaa  of  hia  ialaatiaii.  Ha  mar  ako 
use  all  wave  appartaaaat  thereto^  deawad  rant, 
Bteke  sucn  r^irs  as  ara  aaaasaary  to  psavant 


m-t  Johm,  40 1  it  ^  n  I  I 
IIS;  inCwb  tja.   '■•t'Maim. 


ift.W: 


t|4^»  Wagj  Si  4  i.^^t^i  jUanQ  f  IM|, 
■B^T.  R.  |i«i  all.jLMpi  4TlaaBi.#«i  i 


Hnti*,  Of  remove  an  nlittraettnn.  Pat  If  rent 
U  |iayal>ta  In  h^f  nr  ii«h«r  |iriNliice,  lo  he  dr 
llvtred  to  klm  frfitn  the  farm,  he  U  n<i«  enlilUu 
la  gi>  U|iiin  the  land  aid  talie  il,  ualll  it  U  il« 
llvered  to  him  l<i  III*  tenant,  or  until  H  h4< 
been  tevcrad  ami  «*t  apart  for  hi*  im*.* 

Th«  landUwd'i  raapomtMlliiaa  In  r*«pect  lo 
pa*a*««ion,  altu,  aia  aaacendc*!  aa  mmni  ai  lit* 
tenant  (.umm*n«e«  hi<  occupation.  If,  iherf 
fore,  a  stranger  It  iii|urr<l  by  the  rulnou*  Mai« 
uf  the  iK»ml«*(.  nt  ih*  u-iiant  create*  a  nulaanc* 
upon  tf.im,  or  If  ih«  lenre*  are  aaiered  to  fall 
Inin  dtv-ay,  wh«rel>v  ih*  call  .a  of  a  ttrangfr 
Mrav  and  are  injured  or  km,  Ik*  landlord  i«  m 
n*iib*r  cat*  anawerabie.  But  it  would  b* 
oih*twi«e  if  he  had  uadartaken  to  keep  Ih* 
prenti***  In  repair,  and  Iha  iajary  wm  wx^ 
itonicd  by  hi*  neglect  to  keep  ap  tha  repair*,  <« 
if  he  ihould  renew  the  leaaa  with  a  aalmac* 
upon  It." 

Thmination  or  thk  Rblatmh.  Th* 
relation  of  landlord  and  tenant  may  be  lerml 
nated  in  cevenl  way*.  If  it  ia  a  tenancy  for 
life,  it  will,  of  course,  termtnate  upon  the  d* 
cease  of  hmi  upon  whoae  life  the  lease  dependi. 
If  It  bo  for  a  certein  number  of  year*,  depend- 
ing upon  *oBM  narttealar  event,  the  happening 
of  timt  event  will  determine  the  tenancy.  So 
if  II  be  for  a  certain  numlMr  of  y««r*,  iad* 
|irndent  of  any  contingency,  Il  will  espira  «i 
the  last  moment  of  the  anniveraary  of  taa  day 
from  which  the  tenant  was  to  hold  In  the  latt 
year  of  the  tenancy.  And  in  all  these  ease* 
depending  upon  the  cxmsM  conditions  of  lb* 
lea>e,  no  notice  lo  quit  will  be  necessary  ia 
order  to  dissolve  the  relation  of  the  parties  to 
each  other.*  Bat  a  tenancy  from  year  to  year, 
or  at  will,  can  only  be  terminated  by  a  nolle* 
to  i^ait  I  this  aollca  mast  ba  ia  urrKiagt  il  aMM 
ba  eaolicit,  and  require  the  tenant  to  remove 
from  ine  premises;  it  mast  ma  ia  the  aaiae  of 
the  penon  to  whom  possession  is  to  ha  given, 
and  not  of  his  agent)  and,  if  given  bjr  oae  of 
several  tensnte  ia  comaMn,  it  b  valla  oaly  to 
tha  ealent  of  his  share,  bat  if  laade  by  oae  of 
severa!  joiat  taoaals,  It  will  Inuio  to  the  baaefit 
of  all.*  So  is  a  aoUea  by  ma  oo-peitner  tl  s 
firm.'   Bat  aotiaa  to  gait  iaaotwecmsaiy  where 

sHbsist,«  or  vhaaa  Iha  liagat  distinetly  diuMm 
Ibe  title  of  the  landlord.'  Ko  Baiticular  farm 
of  tha  aotiee  ia  accaasaiy  %  hat  there  mast  he  s 
reasoaabla  caitaiaty  ia  the  dascriplloa  of  the 
premisn  and  ia  the  atateaseatof  the  tiase  when 
■  the  Maaat  aMHl  qait.  If  there  is  aMsa  than  oa* 
tenaal,  tha  aolka  ahoald  be  addressed  to  all. 
but  it  ismy  ba  aarrad  an  aithar  aaa.*  A  valM 
Botice,proysriyse*vad,v»ste  the  premis**  lathe 

Ad.  ftB,lM.   m-Co.  Un.  (it:  Mm*.  Touch*?,  ifc, 
ilujr»li|r^i  Peml.  tnr»Ad.%^^ 

Em. (Dirr\«£)^.a. *.  •w.lkM.aiaitaM.iil; 
|CM*M.fifi  •.(tarikilii  g^j*l:  lOmpkii  s 


n  ntittrwHtmi,  H«t  1/  rant 
r  other  iitinIiic*,  Io  h*  tir 
lh«  (arm,  Im  It  mil  •nilil«<l 
•n<l  lak«  It,  mMtl  ll  U  <t« 
h«  tenanl.  or  Milil  tl  h^* 
I  apart  tor  hi*  im«.' 
■poii4lMII(l«a  In  r««pMi  to 

•M|«rHi««l    M    MMM  M  )h* 

hi*  4i(rttpa,li<Ni.  If,  ikarf 
ijuml  by  ika  ritlacMW  Mai* 
If  U'lianl  craaia*  a  niilaant « 
I  fonraa  am  anffatavl  to  fall 
V  the  call. a  of  a  Mrangrr 
I  uf  UtU,  lk«  laiullorti  it  in 
rabi*.  But  li  w«jul«l  b« 
I  iiadaftalMii  Io  lia«p  Ik* 
Md  lb*  Injury  waa  occa- 
I  Io  kMp  *p  IM  ttpalra,  iir 
Ik*  Imm  Willi  •  aiiiaCiKa 

f  THB  Rblatmn.  Th* 
and  t«naM  may  b«  twin  I- 
iy«.  If  il  la  a  Itnancy  for 
«,  itniiiiMta  upon  Ik*  d« 
btiaa  lift  ih*  laaaa  dcpvndt. 
I  MunlMr  of  ytan,  d«p«nd 
Mlar  avMil,  the  happMiing 
MannJiM  tba  itnancy.  So 
In  nnniiMr  of  Ttait,  i«r<« 
tingtncy,  it  will  ttait*  tl 
:ht  annlytnary  of  im  day 
ml  waa  to  hold  in  iIm  Imi 
.  And  in  nil  th«a«  eaat« 
txmita  condiilont  of  Iht 
quit  will  tw  ntctaawry  in 
I  ralaiioa  of  th«  pnrtiM  Io 
Itrnncy  from  mr  to  y«ar, 
ba  tominntad  by  ■  wKict 
nnat  ba  In  wfUafi  It  Mntl 
aira  Iba  lanani  to  toMovt 
It  Hiwt  nm  in  Iba  n«M  of 
poMtMioo  la  to  ba  givan, 
t|  and,  Ifflvanhjroaa  of 
Munon,  It  II  valid  only  lo 
vn,  bnt  if  onda  by  ana  of 
It  will  laufo  to  Iba  bnnafii 
to  by  oM  «o-paitnar  af  a 
ydt  ia  not  wicnwtiy  arbart 
laid  and  tenant  doaa  jmii 
I  iaMpM  diatlnatly  MuMmt 
lotd.'  No  oaiticalar  {mm 
Hatfi  twt  Ibara  mwt  ba  a 
in  tba  datcripdan  of  tba 
Mttanumt  of  tba  tl«a  wbtn 
If  Ibara  b  aKira  than  out 
mdd  ba  addntead  to  all, 
i  an  abbar  aM.*  A  vnUd 
d,  «9ila  tba  prandat*  in  Ibt 

I.  in;  •  Ad. %«.  !»}•».  * 
l|i{  s4hr.i|A 


LANI)r/>*D  AMD  TRMANT. 


m 


Unlloni,  and  alHutlulctjr  Uiminala*  lh«  («n.i»ii'« 
right  -if  |ii».«Mii>fi  at  iKa  tim«  «l.»Uil  •  Mul 
ihi«  and  all  mhtr  affiicl*  i^  ih«  ntnica  oMy  b« 
wiivtd  by  th«  Unill<«rd,an<l  l«  to  walvv^l  liyM* 
rettlvtng  lulMeiiuanl  r«nt  from  tha  Itiuitv  * 

A  ttti«nl  wh<i  I*  entitltd  lo  mttlca  of  tha  ii« 
icrmiration  uf  bU  tcntmcy,  mutt  ti«  ptevlimily 
niillAad  of  auch  •Iriarmlnatlun,  mir  can  ha  ba 
ilitpnaaaattd  l>y  priKcwi  of  law,  wlihoui  thai 
prtvkMia  nulk-c.  .Such  nolica  ia  rtgulatati  Iw 
itaiuta.' 

Ihk  rtlatton  wilt  alao  bo  diaaolvtd  wh#n  a 
tenant  Incun  a  r«rreitura  of  hia  lea««  l>y  a  brtach 
of  lonia  covenant  or  comiitlon  Ihtrtln.     An 
i-ihtr  mtana  of  di«M>lvlng  a  lanancy  I*  bv  an 
nparallon  of  law,  icrmad  •  mtrMT,  whkh  hap 
|wni  when  a  tenant  uurchaata  (ha  evlaie,  or  li 
<l<-«c«nd8  to  him  aa  heir  at  law,  the  leaae  Ucom 
ing Ihtrtby  mtrgt<l  in  Iha  Inheritance, the  ItMir 
niaia  being  ab«cwt>cd  lf>  Iha  greater.     In  aJ.li 
lion  10  tba  aavaral  mtthodi  of  puitin;;  an  end 
10  Iha  tananey  already  menlioiMMl,  a  tenant  may 
>urrender  hi*  leaaa  lo  the  landlord ;  it,  if  the 
•ul)ject  matter  of  the  leaaa  wholly  peritbea,  or 
i*  required  to  ba  taken  for  public  use*,  or  if 
(he  pramiaa*  are  converted  into  t.  houie  of  III. 
lame,  or  Iha  tenant  dia«laira«  to  hold  under  hii 
landlord  and  Ibartfura  refoaaa  to  pay  hia  rent, 
.i>aerta  tba  llile  to  ba  In  himaaif,  Iha  Itnancy  i* 
■ll  an  and,  and  Iha  landlord  may  fertkwilh  re- 
iwma  poaaaaaion.* 

Aftnr  tha  tananey  has  andad,  the  right 
of  |iuaaataion  rtverto  to  ibt  landlord,  who  may 
re  eiiiar  vpon  Iba  praniite*  if  ha  om  do  ao 
without  violanca.  Bat  if  tha  lauaat  hokb  over 
uid  tha  landkird  takaa  poaaaaaion  Ibrdbly  ao  aa 
10  endanger  a  braacb  of  iha  paaca,  ba  U  liable 
lo  an  action  for  a  forcibly  entry  at  wall  m  nf. 
fcring  ika  conaaonancaa  of  an  actkm  for  hto  traa- 
paw.  The  landlord  abovid  tbertfora,  in  all 
luch  caaaa,  retort  to  tba  law,  and  raoaiva  poa- 
neaaton  at  tba  bands  of  an  oAcar.  Tba  tenant 
i*  bound  qviaUv  to  yield  ap  ika  pomatakm  of 
the  aniira  ptcmiaaa,  altkovgb  ba  aliU  lateina  a 
reaionabU  right  of  agrtw  or  rcgram  for  the 
purnoaaof  rtaMving  bit  goods  and  chattels. 
And  for  a  raAnal  to  narform  this  daly  ha  wUI 
[M  Mbiaetad  to  aU  tba  ttotntory  panaldea  of 
holdincovar.* 

CROPt-B  M  B  L  B  M  B  N  T  B-PIX- 
TIIRBS,  Bte.  Oanarally  an  ont-going 
tenant  cannot  tall  or  laka  away  Iba  manura.' 
A  tenant  wbota  etiata  has  taraiinatad  by  an 
uncertain  avant  whicb  ba  eoald  naithar  fornaaa 


M.  iMj  » Cit  p.m. ,  ill.  »  O.  C :  I  #.  *s[V. I 
iljehaa  ajsi  9Vt^n;   •SirDbb.  iM.    j40nMl. 

y!/'JJ^^Jtl^£'"'^  SW«7.4«ai   IS 

Sweaa-Ka;  >f  Pma.  St.  *<*:  i  N.  H.  joj.    »■)  Sati. 
*•    "^Jr-A^.  ""•    dCuIU^.  ioj  aeWend. 


|B».    '••Co.  litt.  U,  «. 


Ml  Ray.  __ . 
1^  Kam.  tyo. 


f: 


ftAd. 
kB. 


nor  contrtil,  la  enlillad  to  the  annual  criif 
which  he  (owed  while  hM  r^i  ila  lonltiiucd,  \'f 
the  law  uf  eniblemenl*.  lie  may  al*o.  In  cer> 
l.iin  caa««,  take  the  emblemenia  or  annual  pri>> 
lit*  of  (he  lan<i  after  hi*  Icnuncy  haa  ended. 
And,  unleea  restricted  by  utma  tllpulallon  lo 
the  contrary,  may  remove  auch  fliture*  aa  ha 
haa  erected  during  hi«  nccupalion,  and  conven- 
ience, prirfU,  or  comforl  for,  In  general, 
what  a  tenant  haa  ad<la>l  he  may  remove,  if  ha 
ran  do  *u  without  injury  lu  the  premite*,  unl**a 
he  haa  actually  buill  il  in  mi  aa  lo  niuk*  il  aa 
intritral  part  of  wh<il  waa  there  orlKln,illv. 

ImmuvarlI  Fixtvrm.  Agrlcullurai  ereck 
lloiu.'  Fold  yard  walU,  Cart  houte,  Unin* 
fixetl  In  Ihe  grtiund,  lleaat  huuae,  Carpenter 
aliop.  Fuel  houie,  I'lgeun  houae,  rincrie*  *ub- 
Miintlally  fiietl,  WaKon  huuttr*  Boa  burilera 
nol  Itelunuinu  <<>  ■  gardener  by  trade.  Flowers, 
Tree*,  licdgn.*  Alehouae  bar,  DrcMrm, 
Partition*.*  Ixicka  and  key*.*  Bench**  af* 
(iied  lo  Iha  haute.*  8iaiu«.  erected  a*  an  or- 
n  imeni  to  gniunda.  Sun  dial.'  Chimnev  piece 
not  rjrnamental.s  CluteU  alfiied  lo  Ihe  hou**.* 
<  ■<  >nduiu.i  Conaenralory,  tubalanlially  afB«ed.< 
Door*.*  Fruit  tree*.  If  a  tenant  ba  not  a  nur< 
stivmanbytrsdc.*  Clata  windows.*  Iltaitk*.* 
.Miitatonet.*  IxMim*  aabtlantially  affiitd  lo 
the  floor  of  a  factory*  Mtnurt.*  Threehing 
michinet  liaed  by  bolu  and  screws  to  posts  let 
in.o  Iha  ground.* 

RaMovAita  FiXTvmn,  thouoh  not  coM' 

INQIN  THBCLAaiOVTRAOBriXTURU.     AmS 

hanging.'  Barna  ratling  by  weight  alone  aptm 
fouiidalluns  let  into  the  ground,  or  upon 
block*,*  Stables  and  outhouse*.*  (tranarlet 
reoling  by  wtlght  alone.*  Cat  fixtarm.*  Beds 
fattened  lo  tba  celling.*  Carding  machines.* 
Machinery.'  Coiion  spinning  mackines, 
screwed  lo  tba  floor.*  Oillea  mill*.  Mall  mills. 
Windmills  on  posU.*  Ornamental  chimney 
piacas.*  Gales  (if  ramorabla  without  injury  lo 
the  pranisas),  Pampa  ilighlly  attached.*  Iron 
Backs  lo  ckimncys,  Tapntry.^  OmameniMt 
cornices.*  Ftrairama.'  Fumacas.i  Looking- 
glasses.^    Movable  boards,  (iiiad  and  used  for 


pniting  np  corn  in  bins.  Padlock  for  a  com 
house.'  Mills  on  poauJ  Omaaanlal  fixtures.* 
Raits  and  posta.'  A  Udder  fixed  on  Ihe 
gronnd  and  lo  a  beam  above,  and  which  was 
the  only  means  of  access  to  the  room  above. 
A  crane  nailed  at  the  lop  and  bottom  to 
ktap  it  in  its  place,  a  bancb  nailed  to  tha 

54-    "►*••«*•. >n.     ¥■*  Taunt.  }i6.    ICo.  U«.  sj, 

rtri  >*>V:J[«"*^ «»••:«>■««■  4^..  »•*«  Pick. 
167:   15  Wewl.  itsi  •  Oraa^.  aetj  6  raai*r^M«t  t 

•74.  p-Ron*,  ai«.  »4  A.  *  B.  £4;  B.  N.  P.  u.  «■ 
10  Bark.  at*,  ihit  R.  L.  ft  E.  14a,  S.  C. ;  1  R.  ft  V  tft 
V-i  Duar,  jtj *  '  ' 


■»*#  •  *s  :r'  "••  ^  ■*•  9W9  •  .  y •  V*  »•»•••  wm.     w-w  Willi 

4)r    ^Mirn.  1141.    ••1  A.  ft  B  yj.    #iy  Pick,  v 

f-Vnam.  Ch.  *4$.    k-1f.WaM.a4.    M  Plek.  j 
4LMM1.  t4i .    k^Mae  6  Panad  en  ffUwiea,  p.  4 
I  P.  Wan. ft.    |.iH.H,eiS.  " 


19*. 
tit 


mmm 


I 


4H 


LAirDLORD  ANh  TrWANT. 


»*ll.   itabt^  ON    niltcnJ    RtovM.*  Win.low 

«mU,  <  nm«iy  machlnn,  «  t<l«r  ?ntlU."  Kn 
f(nM  •  ('c>|i|wr«.*  HtilltllnKi  acrtMury  lo  M- 
nH>««(>l«  lra<i«  fItlurM  »  Ihikh  li«in«.«  Jlbh».» 
H*ll  y»m*  Khfuht  pUnfcd  fof  mI*.*  Moait 
work*.  V»ta.«  Hi«Mi .  in«.»  JhliU  •  Tf.M 
planu<|  r..i  ««!•  •     V«ni.  .h  Sihim  » 

LANDLOKDI.  Th*  tirlnci|«l  .J>li||iiit,in 
m  «h«  |»rt  «jC  Iha  tcmllorj.  whl<  h  l».  in  r«il, 
nlwav*  to  h«  Imtdlad  m  •  nwmMry  cim<lii)iin 
lo  kU  rrrvUlng  nny  r«nl,  l«.  thai  lh«  l«n«nl 
«h«ll  •tij>7  ih«  (|ul«t  ;HHa««*iun  .»f  th«  |ir«niiM*,* 
wkirk  roraiM,  lutManiKllr,  ikai  k«  thall  m*  \m 
UtntA  uu(  of  paM«M4an  <j<  ika  wk<>l«  «>»  tny 
inal«ri«l  fmiX  of  ik«  pranlM*  1^  ona  kavinf  a 
lilla  liaraiiKMint  lo  ikat  of  lan>ll<ir«i,  or  thai  ika 
landlord  ikall  lUK  kliMaif  dlMurb  or  render  kla 
oMttpMlon  uncomrottabl*  by  lh«  •raciion  of  » 
nttlMMc*  on  or  mu  Ik*  prmiiiM.  a«  riharwlM 
obli(«  hin  lo  quit  poMMakm*  Bni  If  ha  h« 
oiMlad  by  a  tlraniar.  Ikai  k,  by  on*  kfl»ing  no 
Ulta,  or  aftar  th«  rem  haa  fallan  dna,  or  lllha 
moUtlaltoii  DTocaada  fro*  acts  of  a  ihlnl  |»«r. 
urn,  Ika  landlord  la  In  nallkar  um«  rcn»ni>il>la 
tot  it.*  Another  obligation  wkkh  tU  Uw  Iai- 
poMa  on  tk«  landlord,  in  Ika  aba«nca  of  any 
t»pma  Mlimlalion  tn  (Im  laaat,  h  ika  payment 
of  all  laiaa  and  aaaaaamanU  ckargaabia  \t\»m 
Ika  proparly,  or  any  frotind-ranl  or  Inlami 
upon  morlsagai  to  wkTch  b  may  b«  lubitci. 
Evtry  landlord.  i»  Umod  lo  |(rot«ct  kli  im- 
mcdiaia  Unanl  ^gainK  all  panunount  claims. 
Ami  if  •  lanant  la  oommlled,  in  order  to  ptu- 
lect  hinaeir  in  thn  mjuymeni  of  lb«  land  In 
raspaet  of  wkich  kla  rant  is  pnyible,  i,  make 
paynent  which  might,  m  betwaaa  MaiMti  and 
hit  iMidlard,  to  havt  bam  mad*  by  the  latter, 
h«  may  call  apon  tka  landlord  to  rtimbnnw 
him,  or  b«  tmn  dadnct  tnch  paymant  htm  tka 
rent  dmi  or  tobacanM  du*.«  Bnt  th«  landlord 
U  nader  no  obligation  to  rmJi*  rapaira,  or  to 
rabnild  in  caaa  tb«  ptamlam  tho^d  bt  hnmed  | 
nor  dot*  he  gvaranica  that  thev  an  naaoniMy 
<k  for  th«  pnrpaaea  for  whkh  they  w«r*  taken. 
And  it  la  not  in  tho  powor  of  a  tenant  to  make 
rtpain  at  Iha  axprnao  of  M«  landlord,  nnlam 
IMT*  ht  a  ioadal  i^w—nin  Intwora  dMm 
anthotlitaf  kbntodoioi  fsrihs  tenant  takea 
tho  jpnniiaB  far  faatMr  or  far  woiw,  and  oan. 
not  Involvo  tha  lar.dhinl  In  tsnanaa  fat  rapaira 
wiihont  hie  conMnt.*  t.*n  if  tha  prat^isee 
have  becono  nninhabiiafal*  by  fin,  and  tho 
i-lB  B.  L,  ft  B.  4«it  t.  C  itf  C  •.  •!(.   luit  S.  ft 


1  jif«.i 


l.«n<ll.irU  having  liKwrtd  ih«m  M«  reciwarad 
the  inanrani*  monoy,  (ha  lanani  t ann<«  ciim|wl 
him  tn  flkiwixi  the  money  *ii  r«tiiv«r«d  In  re 
tnilldlng,  uiil««a  he  tiaa  ttpreMly  snga^ed  to  ii4i 
M|  nor  can  ha,  In  ttich  «n  evani,  prtX'-vi  kim 
•elf  from  ike  |ia)rin«nl  of  rnil  during  ih«  itn 
•  i|i:r*d  balance  of  the  Icrm/unlcwi  «i»rm})C».l 
lh«ref^«Mi  by  Maiuie  or  the  term*  f>f  the  lej»» 
The  unliihaUtableneta  <if  a  Iioum  is  not  n 
rfimd  fl«f*nre  to  an  action  for  rent.*  Ami  l( 
ina  landlord  espreMly  covmsnKiJ  lu  r*|Milr, 
the  tenart  cannot  ijalt  and  illsthnrgr  hlntMll 
of  ih*  rsnl  bet'SMM  the  r«|ialr«  are  n..i  mdilr, 
unless  there  Is  a  |>rii«i«l<Hi  to  thai  cffau  *  Ami 
if  a  landlord  Is  bound  b*  euninni  or  by  eiprew 

ramenl  to  rvtisir,  Ikls  otillgathm,  and  the 
laiton  of  the  iinant  lu  nay  rent,  are  Imlo 
f^nilanl  of  each  ulher,  so  thai  the  refusal  or 

.led  of  the  landlord  («  repair  Is  no  anawrr 
lo  a  demand  for  rent.' 

TBNANT.  Tha  »«nanl.  apon  taking  pos 
session,  k  at  once  Invested  wllh  all  the  rigkit 
incldoni  lo  the  pnwiessitini  is  entitled  lu  Ike 
use  of  all  Ike  privilcgra  and  easemenli  aiipor- 
tenant  lo  tka  tenement,  and  to  take  suck  rcAson- 
tble  estovers  and  emblements  aa  are  siuch«»l 
to  the  estate,  lie  may  maintain  an  action 
against  any  pe«san  who  dlslurlM  his  nwsession, 
or  trespasses  un  the  utemisvs,  ihuugh  it  Imi  Ike 
landlord  kimsalf^  As  occupant,  he  is  answer- 
able U)t  any  neglect  lo  rejialr  highwats,  fences, 
ur  partT  walla,  It  being  generally  suflMrient,  ex 
cepi  where  a  statute  otherwise  iirovides,  to 
charge  a  man  with  such  retuiirs  by  the  name  of 
occupant.  He  is  also  liable  for  all  injuriea  pro 
duced  by  the  mismanagement  of  his  sertranli, 
or  by  a  nuisance  kept  upon  the  premises,  or 
by  an  olwlruction  of  the  kigkway  adiscent  to 
them,  or  the  like  i  for,  as  a  general  rule,  where 
a  man  la  in  poasesaion  of  propwty,  he  must  so 
manago  it  that  other  persons  shall  not  be  injnrtd 
tkere^.* 

One  of  the  principal  obligatiom  which  die 
law  impoaes  upon  *%  i^ry  tenant,  independent  of 
any  agraemeni  •%  to  lra.tt  th«  premises  in  suck 
a  manner  tkat  anfaatautUI  injury  skall  be 
don*  to  them,  w.  so  that  they  may  ravtrt  lo 
tha  landlord  at  tho  end  of  Iha  term  aaimpaircd 
by  any  wilful  or  negilMnt  conduct  on  hia  part. 
In  tho  langnaga  of  the  hooks,  he  moat  Map 
Ih*  bnlldlngi  wind-and-watar-tight,  uA  is 
bound  to  Mah*  fair  and  lanaUa  rtpniia.  rack 
.IS  the  kaaping  of  fencaa  in  order,  or  r*placitu| 
doora  and  windows  that  an  hrokan  daring  his 


j-«  »T}*fc«  *.  ^-  ^  n*i  *  ^*i 


^^E^aaivi 


■fP?"" 


I  Ih*  Ivnanl  (f«nm4  <rimt|i«l 
iMMity  •<•  rodivaidl  in  ra 

ith  «n  •vcnl,  priit'-.t  him 
III  1)^  rt  nl  liurtng  i)i«  un 
M  Urm,*  unlfM  «i«mti«><l 
Of  l^t  urm*  III  th«  l«j*r 
mm*  tt4  ■  tioMM  U  niA  * 
action  fiir  r»«i,«  Ami  U 
ilf  «:»v*n*nl«il  lu  r«|i«ii. 
It  •nil  •ilxhiirg*  hlniMlf 
lh«  rv|Mitra  iirfl  iHil  in«i|r, 
lalim  to  lH«l  tflcii  *  AikI 
J  l>»  cuslirn  «w  l>jr  ftm*%t 
Ihlt  ut>lig«il<in,  anil  iK« 
lani  lu  amy  r*nl,  ara  Imln 
•r,  to  that  lh«  lafaaai  or 
trd  M  rauftlr  to  no  anawtr 
I 

I  '«n«nl,  upon  taking  poa- 
iy*iil»<l  wllk  all  (ha  rtghl* 
naioni  U  •nliilnl  in  iha 
(»  an<l  aaMintnlt  a|>|wr 
I,  ami  to  taka  iu«h  ranton 
ililrmanta  aa  arc  aitachml 
mav  maintain  an  action 
ho  ditlurlM  hia  pwacaaion, 
Mamiwa,  though  ll  b«  ihc 
i*  occupant,  ha  i«  answer- 
a  rcjiair  highway*,  fcncai, 
ig  ganarally  lufhcianl,  ai 
I  olh«rwi««  wuvidaa,  lo 
ch  renain  bv  Mm  nama  of 
I  liaMa  for  all  injuriaa  pro 
nagcmenl  of  Kia  t^rvant*. 
p«  upon  Iha  pramiaca,  or 
the  highway  adiactnl  to 
r,  M  a  ganaral  rule,  whar* 
HI  of  propafty,  ha  mual  to 
•noiM  thaU  not  b«  injarvd 

mI  obligaUMM  which  tli« 
•ry  lanani,  indepandent  of 
tra.U  lh«  nremitc*  In  tuch 
itiMaultal  injury  thall  be 
t  Ikat  lh«y  inay  ravtrt  to 
i4  of  iIm  l*m  aalmpaircd 

rt  conduct  on  hit  pm. 
kooka,  ht  aoat  lump 
andwatar-tight,  nd  b 
and  Itnabi*  rapiain.  Mch 
c«a  in  order,  or  rtplacing 
hat  m  hnkwk  daring  Ma 
•■I  T.  R.  *t*J  1  JaluM.  4r* : 
l-HV.MWi  CMMa-Mi  IS 

I.CW.«o*;  sl.jk;AM.fa<. 

.*o.  iii  t-ira%i.4ni  • 

S  Mag.  N.  C.  SHI  ta  K  L. 


LANDLURD  AND  TKJIANT. 


m 


■trrafiatiaii.    if  II  i*  a  Ainitthail  hotiM,  ha  m««l 
|rr««»»«  Ihn  fumiMra,  ami  laava  it,  wiih  th« 
lm»n,  atr  ,  ci««,,.  «n<l  In  good  onlar*     Hut  ha 
>•  mil  hrMiml  ('I  «r«f  mnamviiial  r«|ialr,  m  paint- 
|"i(.  paiMiIng,  lie,  alihiiuuh  mi  tiriiati  a  cov« 
.i,int  <Hi  hi*  iMrt  a*  "  l«»  Ttava  Iha  pramiaaa  in 
i{.«>d  and  •uMctart  repair,  ordar,  and  eondi 
M'ln,"  might  tu»»r  th***  r«|ialn  ■     If  h«  ti 
I  rraty  agtaaa  lo  k«ep  Iha  pramltpa  In  rapair, 
tnii  to  dalivar  Ihvm  u[t  In  goml  r*|ialr,  h«  la  not 
I'ltilllad  In  iwrmiiiliig  iham  lo  ramaln  oni  of 
rrfialr  by  ih«  fact  that  ihay  wrra  •»  whan  ho 
malvad  Iham  •     Hiil  Iha  aga  and  charatiar  of 
Iha  fitamUaa  mual  lia  con«idara<l  In  dalarmlnlii  • 
iha  prniwr  aaltnl  «  f  Iha  rt|iNirt.*     If  Iha  (an<l 
lord  to  undar  no  Ivgal  olili|r*ilon  lu  rapa^r,  an>l 
iha  lanani  volunlarlTy  m'hir*  Iham,  th«  landlord 
i«  not  hound  lo  iniay  him  ff*r  ih«  ai|wnM  " 
Hat  Ihara  would  ha  a  tuffiiirni  conaldarallon  !> 
•unlaln  a  lahneciurnl  prtimiia  by  (ha  landlnnl 
A  (ananl  U  not  bouni  (o  ralmild  |>r«iniMa  whii  h 
h*»a  accldan(ally  Iwcoma  ruinoa*  during  hU  oc 
itipallnn,  nor  la  ha  an»i  arahk  for  ordinary  wtar 
and  laar.  nor  for  an  anidmtal  ftre,  nor  lo  put  a 
n«w  roof  on  the  building,  nor  (a  maka  what  aru 
u«ually  called  gtnaral  or  aubataniial  r«{>atr<.< 
ncilhar  U  ha  bound  to  do  painting,  whilrwaah' 
ing,  ot  pu|><>ring,  aicept  to  far  aa  thay  may  Ita 
iieraaaary  lo  jiraterva  axpnaed  limber  frtun  de- 
i*y.»     With  rcMiect  to  farming  laaaes,  •  tenant 
u  undar  •  ilmilar  oliligalion  lo  ra|Milr,  but  i( 
iliffar*  from  (ha  j{vnarai  oliljgtiion  in  tbUi  that 
il  ia  confined  to  iha  dwelling  houaa  which  he 
iccupiet — (ha  burden  of  iu|i;>oning  Iha  oul 
liuildlnga  and  other  aretiion*  on  the  farm  being 
Miniaincd  by  either  Iha  landlord  or  Iha  tenant, 
in  tha  abaenre  of  any  etprcta  provUion  in  the 
leaae,  bjr  Iha  iwrticular  cuil.m  of  (ha  country 
in  which  tha  farm  ia  lituated.     Ha  It  always 
iNHind,  however,  to  culiivalif  tha  (um  In  •  good 
And  htttlMiidmanlike  manner,  tukaapllu  fences 
in  repair,  and  proerve  Iha  limbar  and  oma 
mental  Iraaa  In  good  condition  1  and  for  any 
viola»«on  of  any  of  theaa  datiet,  Iia  U  Uahla  lo 
lie  proceeded  againtt  by  the  landlord,  and  Ihit 
whether  tha  aet  ba  committed  by  iha  tenant  or 
a  ttrangar.' 

Tha  lanaat's  genaral  oUigation  to  repair  alto 
rendara  him  mponcibla  for  any  Injury  a  ttrangar 
may  imtain  by  raaMHi  of  hit  a^lcct  to  keep  the 
premitea  in  a  aafa  conditioB}  aa.  by  not  keep- 
ing  tha  eoran  of  hto  vaulti  anfficiantly  cloacd, 
•o  tliat  a  panon  wm)<Jng  in  tha  ttraat  falli 
throofh,  or  is  injnrjd  Ibaraby.  If  br  rapaira 
or  improvaa  tha  bulldiiis,  ha  m  j<it  guard  againit 
accident  to  tha  ,ataat«-Ky  in  'ha  jtvk  \  by  erect- 
ing a  fuitablc  -ricadc,  or  at  lio.  ..^  $  pmon 
then  to  gitra  notica  o(  tha  danger  \*  '».■  uf  un- 

s«ri  ia^.ftCiit.   r«a,Utt.s]j«T.M.|«>i  j 
4*ri  •C  ft  r.  Mil  Pani«,ta«i  Tayl.  La^.ftTm. 


r«a«nnabie  'thalnirMon  which  ha  plaeaa  In  Ike 
highwav  adjoining  hta  |irrmi»m,  h«  may  ba  in. 
duiad  fcw  cauiing  a  jmbll.:  nulMnce,  or  >itwlru<.i. 
Itig  the  highway,  aa  well  aa  randareil  li«iile  l« 
•n  anion  km  damagea,  at  ihe  tuli  of  eny  lndl< 
vidual  tn|ttra<l  iTia  law  will  lolaraia  ttwh  a 
liaiiial  and  temporary  obalru<tl>>«  of  the  tireet 
a«  may  f>a  nacaaaarv  for  huainau  puin  aast  aa, 
in  raveiving  tnd  dalivwring  g<MMU  from  a  ware- 
h  Hiaa,  or  coala  or  fuel  on  Iha  ndawalk,  «»  Ihe 
Ilka  !  provlilad,  alwavt,  thai  (he  public  cun< 
veiilenca  doaa  not  autTer  tnmk  It.* 

Tha  lerant'c  chief  dul» ,  t.  waver,  to  tha  pay. 
meiit  of  rent,  the  amount  of  which  to  either 
fined  by  the  letint  of  lh«  leate,  or,  in  Ihe 
alwenca  of  an  ■  t|)reaa  agreement,  to  tui  h  a 
reaaunalda  co>r,pnn*alii>n  for  Iha  occu|ialion  of 
the  prtiiiiMr  ^■  :h«v  are  fiiirly  worth  Jf  there 
haa  bean  no  particular  agreement  l«twceu  (he 
nar(iet,lha  tenant  paya  rent  only  fnim  the  lime 
na  haa  hail  tha  bcna'klal  enjoyment  of  ibe 
premlteai  Inil  If  he  haa  enierrd  Into  an  ea|irer« 
agreement  lo  pay  mil  duri.tg  iha  term,  no 
caauattjr  or  Injury  ol  the  premiiM  by  lire  or 
odK-rwba— nothing,  in  fact,  thort  of  an,  evic- 
tion—will  aave  him  from  tuch  payment,*  in 
Ihe  abacnce  of  a  tialuta  or  agrremeni  ettijniil- 
ln|  him  in  tuch  event.  But  If  he  haa  been  de- 
jTived  of  Iha  ixMacMion  of  Ihe  premiitea,  ur 
•.iiy  part  Ittareof,  l^y  a  third  tierton  under  a  lilla 
iu|)erior  to  thai  of  the  landlord,  or  if  iLe  toiler 
annoy*  hto  tenant,  erecta  or  cautca  the  ereriion 
of  tuck  a  nulaanca  upon  or  near  Ihe  piemitet, 
aa  render*  hto  occupation  to  uncomfortable  at 
to  jutlify  hto  removal,  be  It,  in  althtr  caae. 
dltcharged  from  the  payment  of  rent.'  Rut  It 
to  no  anawer  to  a  demand  for  rtut  that  Ihe 
premiaea  are  not  in  a  fit  and  proper  ttale  and 
condition  for  the  porpoaca  for  which  they  were 
hired."  If,  therefore,  the  premiaea  are  burned 
•town,  and  the  tenant  to  under  no  obligation  to 
rebuild  (not  having  agreed  to  keep  iu  repair), 
or  are  daatroyed  bjr  the  act  of  God  or  the  pub- 
lic enemiaa,  yet  he  to  bound  to  pay  rent  there- 
after.* Unleet  the  leaae  oonlalna  a  provition 
that  tfce  rent  ahall  ceaao  or  proportionately 
abate  while  Ike  premite*  remain  wbolly  or  in 
part  nnfil  for  use. 

Tke  obligation  to  nay  rent  may  ke  appor 
tioned «  for,  aa  rent  It  incident  to  the  revcrtlon, 
it  will  becona  payable  to  the  attignee*  of  the 
rctpective  porttoiia  thcieof,  whenever  that  re- 
vertioa  it  iwvered  by  an  act  of  tke  partiea.  or 
of  the  law.  But  the  tenant's  content  it  necet- 
tfc.y  for  the  apportionment  when  mode  by  Ike 
landlord,  unleta  Ihe  proportitm  of  rent  charge- 
abb  tipon  each  portion  of  Ihe  land  ha*  been 
settled  by  tke  intervention  of  a  j^ry.r    A  tc.i. 

-  I9I-  «-4,l'alt*  Ch.  j« ;  tl  V»  Ck  4«$ ;  i  Haw.  ft 
«'  ••Ma.*.  MB :  J  ».nio.  a«4 :  j  Bo..  *  P.  4„;  « 
.«.*»?    a4  Wind.«4:    Al.yn,.«;    «  Harr.  ft  I. 

S*J  *  Id-  yay  1  4  N.  Y.  aiTi   ■  Inrf.  jjo;  jiMo,  i&i 


\ 


imweai 


'  i 


I 

11 


4r# 


LAVDLOR«3  AND  TENANT—LAW. 


•lit,  howtvtr,  cannot  get  ild  of  or  apportion 
hit  rent  bjr  tranaforring  th<  whole  or  a  part  of 
hb  leaie ;  for  if  he  auigni  it,  or  underlet*  a 
portion  of  it,  he  Mill  rcmatna  liable  to  hir  land- 
lord for  the  whoir  f  Inatance*  of  an  appor- 
tionment by  act  ot  law  occur  where  there  it  a 
dcacent  of  the  revenion  among  a  number  of 
heir*,  or  upon  a  Judicial  taki  of  a  portion  of 
the  prcmisei  belonging  to  then  ruepectively. 
So,  if  a  man  dlea,  leaving  a  widow,  she  will 
have  a  right  to  receive  oM-tLird  of  the  rent, 
whilr  the  remaining  two-th!;>la  will  bo  payable 
to  hie  heir*,*  unlets  the  appottiownent  be  made 
different  bjr  statute. 

A  tenant  cannot  ditpole  Mt  badlord't  title, 
for  M  it  ettopped  from  changing  bf  hit  own 
act  the  dMwaoter  and  effitct  at  Ua  tenure.^ 
And  whene^rer  a  tenant  ditclaiiwe  hit  temue,  or 
'i^tUet  hit  landlord'i  title,  or  olaimt  adversely 
him,  or  attont  to  another  ••  having  titled 
t^aintt  him,  he  forfeita  hit  eiltt*.  But  where 
the  leate  wat  obtained  fair  the  ftaad  of  the  Und- 
lord,  the  tenant  may  defimd  agaiait  aa  action 
brought  on  the  leaae  by  impeaching  tho  Und- 
lord's  title.*  Bat  this  frand  muU  be  practised 
directly  against  the  tenant.  A  djtelafaner  by  a 
tenant  will  work  a  forfeitw*  onbr  when  it 
amounts  to  a  renundatioa  of'Ui  chancter  as 
a  tenant,  which  may  be  either  bjr  acMog  np  a 
title  in  another,  or  claiming  title  nitelf.* 

THIRD  PBMONB.  The  ilghit  and 
liabilitie*  of  landlordt  and  temmlt  an^Bot  con< 
fined  to  the  i^uaedlate  paitiet  tm  the  eon' 
tract,  but  attach  to  all  pmrnt  ta  wlKa.  the 
estate  may  be  tnatferrad,  or  who  atef  MMceed 
to  the  potteiiloB  of  the  pwwiiM  «Mmv  as 
landlords  or  tenants.  This  pstodpla  fellow*, 
as  a  neoeteaiy  coiiteqaenM  of  that  privity  of 
estate  edifoh  it  inoUeat  to  thonlmltmvt  land- 
lord aad  temmt  A  laadlord  mav  aot>Mate 
Mt  temmt'i  ri^ilt  by  •tale  of  the  fnamy  { 
neither  caa'a  tenant  nvcfd  hit  letpowinlitics 
by  sttbitlttitlag  another  tmtiit  la  hli  Head 
without  the  laadkwd'toomcat.  Thepmrdmaer 
of  the  property  becoawt  laoiw  eataJthefkad. 
loid,  and  it  eadtled  to  all  dw  righte  aaJteit 
diet  MMlait  the  t^aaat  or  hit  amlgaarwhich 
the  seller  aad,  while  ia  the  other  cat*  On  at' 
sigaeeof  the  leasee  aatmaMai  the  li^Uitie* 
of  the  latter,  aad  it  emitted  to  the  tame  pra 
teetion  which  he  might  otahn  fton  the  aatignee 
of  therevendoa;  batthaoriginal  leseeeit  nm 
thereby  diseliars**^  froaa  hit  oUlgatioat^ 

I  Sw  fvmancB,  "IntsrtMMr." 
Devtee;  Ummt;  P4mMff. 

,  SaeCamRiM.  Lawj 

KlMaa.  See  EvunAKti,  "CiielMloa." 

_ ^ lMMctiM|ri,  8*e  hhm,  Mens,  Atn 

BiiAsi  CoNvauwcn. 

1i.  8«eMaacAinu>aLaw. 


„>'AW.    St    RqiTmr:    Kvimmcc:    lamBAarej 
KNov/LSDa*;  PtiADiNoi  PiAcnca,  nc.,  nc. 

Law  is  a  rule  of  civil  conduct  prescribed  by 
the  supreme  power  in  »  Stale.*     A  rule  or  en- 
nclment  promulgated  by  the  legifilstive  authority 
(if  a  State;   a   long  est»bli»hed   local   ciislom 
which  has  the  force  of  <uch  an  enactment.' 
The  rule*  and  methods  by  which  society  com 
pels  or  re«trains  the  -action  of  its  members. 
The  aggregate  of  thote  rules  and  principles  of 
conduct  which  the  governing  power  m  a  com 
munity  recognises  at  the  rule*  and  principles 
which  it  will  enforce  or  sanction,  and  accord 
ing  to  which  it  will  regulate,  limit,  or  protect 
the  conduct  of  its  membcn.  j 

Arl>ifrary  law  is  a  law,  or  provision  of  law, 
to  far  removed  from  consideration  of  i^ract 
justice  that  it  is  necessarily  founded  on  the 
mere  will  of  the  law-making  power,  so  that  it 
it  rather  a  rule  established  than  a  principle  de- 
clared.   The  principle  that  as  infant  shall  be 
bound  by  his  contract  is  not  arbitrary;  bat  the 
rule  that  the  limit  of  infancy  shall  be  twenty- 
one  years,  not  twenty  nor  twenty-two,  it  arbi- 
trary.   The  term  it  also  Hometimet  used  to  sig- 
nify an  unreasonable  law— one  that  is  in  viola- 
tion of  justice.   Irrevocable  laws  are  those  which 
have  not  in  their  nature  or  in  their  language  some 
limit  orteiminadon  provided,  and  are,  in  theory, 
perpetual  t  but  the  perpetuity  Is  liable  to  he  de 
reated  hf  sabteqaent  abrogation.    It  hat  tome- 
timey  bc.«  attempted  to  lecure  aa  abM^ute  per- 
petuity by  an  expreat  provision  forbidding  any 
abromtioa.    But  it  may  well  be  ouettioncd 
whether  oae  generation  hat  power  to  bind  ittpoe- 
terily  by  an  irrevocable  law.'  Municipal  law  b  a 
system  of  law  proper  to  any  single  State,  nation, 
or  commnaitr.   Foeitive  kw  it  the  lystem  natn 
rally  csuhUahed  by  a  community  ia  distinction 
from  natural  law.   A  praepective  Uw  or  ttatuto 
is  one  which  appliea  only  to  cases  aritfang  after 
iU  enactment,  aad  doet  not  a^fcct  ihat  which  is 
fdreadypatt    A  retrcepective  law  wf  ttatuic  is 
one  that  tumt  backward  to  alter  that  which  b 
past,  or  to  afftct  men  in  relation  t6  their  con- 
duct befera  lie  enactment     These  are  dso 
called  n«vv«to  itwt.    In  general,  wheaaver 
a  retroactive  atatnto  would  lake  away  batted 
right|k  or  iiMMk  t  the  9bliiK«tion  of  contract^  it 
it  BO  far  void.k    Bit  lawi  which  only  vary  the 
remediet,  or  merely  car*  a  del^  la  prateed- 
ingt  otherwit*  fidr,  are  valid.*    A  ttmal  bw  is 
me  which  inflicts  a  peoahy  for  its  vicdfitlon.   A 
private  or  Medal  law  it  oae  wU<h  rriMfS  to 
private  matfeit  which  do  act  coa<«ni'th*  pab- 
lie  at  lam-   A  pvbttc  or  geaerAl' taw  it  one 
which  afledt  the  paUk  dther  generally  o»  in 


iXtWttKkVft  relates  to  aurflim*  afldit, 
maritiaw  ywet,  dvU  and  crimiwd. 


1 


IMO:   PlIACTtCB,  nc.,  BTC. 

'  civil  conduct  prescribed  by 
r  in  K  State.*    A  n|le  or  en- 
id  by  the  leginUtive  authority 
g  e«t»blithed   local   custom 
ce  of  Huch  an  enactment.' 
hodi  bv  which  society  com 
he  action  of  iti  membcn. 
hoM  rules  and  principle*  of 
governing  power  in  a  com 
at  the  rule*  and  principles 
ce  or  unction,  and  accord 
II  rMulate,  limit,  or  protect 
nembera.  j 

a  law,  or  provision  of  law, 
m  consideration  of  abstract 
necessarily  fodhded  on  the 
tw-makiag  power,  so  Ihlat  it 
iblithcd  than  a  principle  de- 
:iple  that  as  infant  tball  be 
let  it  not  wrbitrarY;  bat  the 
of  infancy  aball  be  twenty- 
sty  nor  twenty-two,  it  arbi- 
uso  Hometimes  used  to  sig- 
le  law — one  that  is  in  viola- 
racable  laws  are  those  which 
are  or  in  their  language  tome 
provided,  and  are,  in  theory, 
perpetuity  it  liable  to  be  de- 
It  abrogation.  Ithaiiome- 
4  to  lecure  an  abKriutepcr- 
M  provition  forbidding  any 
I  may  well  be  aueatloned 
ion  hat  power  to  bind  its  DOS- 
klelaw.'  MonicipdUwba 
t  to  any  single  State,  nadon, 
ttive  law  it  the  lyttem  natu- 
a  comannitf  ia  dMnction 
h.  protpective  law  or  ttatu^: 
I  only  to  cases  wising  after 
loet  not  aflect  ibat  which  is 
Irbspective  law  9t  statolc  it 
ward  to  alter  that  which  it 
m  in  relation  t6  their  cmi- 
ictmen|.  These  are  i^ 
«M.  In  general,  whenever 
I  would  take  away  tested 
)  jM^ation  of  ccntradi,  it 
I  laws  which'  oaljr  vary  the 
cure  a  dew^  fai  proteed- 
aie  valid.*  A  nmal  law  is 
penalty  for  iti  vfoliuion.  A 
iw  is  one  «HhiOi  rcfaktfl  to 
»  do  not  eon««ni'AiB  |i«b- 
Mio  or  Mnenri'  liw  is  one 
lUte  either  g«Mndl)ro#  in 

leiates  to  flaaiftiae  aAbs, 
U  and  orimiMl. 


1 6u 


LAW. 


477 


Admiralty  Jurisdiction  it  exercited  in  the 
first  instance  by  the  United  States  Dintrict 
Courts,  from  which  cause*  may  be  removed  in 
certain  cases  to  the  United  Sutes  Circuit  Court, 
nnd  ultimately  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  (he 
United  Slater, 

ADMIRAtTY  JURISDICnc  V   IN  CIVIL  CASES 

extends  to  average'  bonds  of  bottomry,  raspun 
(lentiM  charter  parties,'  contracts  of  affireiKhi- 
ment  between  diiferent  States  or  foreign  port^,* 
contracts  with  material  mcn^  conlnct*  for 
convsTsnce  of  pattengert,*  maritime  oontritju- 
lions,*  damages  occurring  at  high  anmf  hypoih- 
ecstion  of  ship  and  caifo,*  jetlLons,!^^  .  J'^age," 
cases  of  prise  or  ransom,*  respondent*  "^  iteit. 
ures  under  the  laws  of  impost,  navigai.£ii,  or 
trade,*  surveys  of  ship  and  cargo,'  somen's 
wages,*  trespasses  occurring  at  high  seas.' 

AOMWALTY    JUmsOICnON    IN     CRIMINAL 

CAsn  enends  to  all  crimes  or  offimees  com- 
mitted on  the  high  seas  or  beyond  the  Jnrisdic. 
lion  of  any  country.* 

CIVIL  LAW.  The  term  civQ  law  is 
generally  used  to  designate  the  Romaa  Juris- 
prudence, ^  HviU  XniMtunm.  In  its 
most  extensive  sense  the  term  Roman  law 
campriees  all  those  legal  miss  and  principles 
wUeh  wiare  in  force  among  the  Romans,  with- 
o«t  reference  to  tb»  time  when  they  were 
sdojpled,  bat  in  a  more  rsstricted  somo  we 
underataad  by  it  the  law  compiled  tinder  the 
anqiioas  of  the  Emperor  Justinian,  nnd  which 
are  still  in  force  ia  many  of  the  sttrfes  of  mod- 
em Bnrope,  and  to  whidi  all  refer  as  an4iority 
or  wriKaa  reason. 

CODB  LAW.  A  code  is  ft  body  of  law 
estaUislted  bv  l^loive  authority  of  the  State, 
and  designetl  to  regulate  compMeljr,  so  fiir  as 
a  statute  majr.  the  snfaiect  to  which  tt  idatcs. 

When  it  tt  ooosidefcd  bow  rapidlf  statutes 
accumulate  H  time  psses,it  is  ofavions  that 
great  convcdence  win  be  firnnd  in  having  the 
itatute  law  ia  •  systematie  body,  anangad  ao- 
oordiag  to  sab{cct-matler,  instead  of  having  it 
nnorwaiaed  scattsred  thtoagh  the  valnmes 
in  wBdi  it  was  from  ywr  to  yearpromaigaled. 
But  Ala  transpoailioa  snmsis  amendments  for 
the  nirpeaa  tt  hatmoiibinK  iMowittancics, 
TOppfyiMf  defoms  brongfat  to  notie^  and  also 
theiatredMliaa  ofatystemoTall  other  rales 
whid)  ai«  racagnitsd  at  the  mwritteii  or  com- 
moa  law  of  the  State.  Still,  howaver  saecass- 
fnlly  a  oode  arifl^  be  sappoiMid  to  enrtwdyall 
exiatiai  aaA  dedaied  law,  so  at  t»  saperseds 
alt  jxavioas  sooices,  it  oannot  be  expected  ta 
fwovlda  taospectivMyftr  all  Iba  imnuBeiahle 
casee  wMdl  the  diversity  at  afidn  nm<dly 
enfUMlan,  and  there  mast  tami  ooaea  a  time 


BD«.L.ll5fct,,r-"-  ' ' 


U.,H.^l«carKC.C.  vyii.s •■■>•  C.  C  a|>>  Wam 
DIM. Cfc  •H.aCi, swri ttw;M«.    IH «im^ 


when  it  must  he  studied  in  a  light  of  numefovs 
explanatory  decision*  resting  in  the  reported 
cases  upon  the  same  or  a  similRr  statute.  These 
discussions  have  called  attention  to  a  subject 
form 'rly  little  considered,  but  which  is  of  fun- 
damental importance  to  the  successful  prepara- 
tion of  a  code— the  matter  of  statutory  expres- 
sion. There  is  no  species  of  competition  which 
demands  move  care  and  precision  than  that  of 
drafting  a  statute.  The  writer  needs  not  only 
to  make  his  language  intelligible,  but  he  must 
make  it  incapable  of  misconstruction.  When 
it  hat  passed  to  k  law,  it  b  no  longer  his  intent 
that  is  to  bo  considered,  but  the  intent  of  the 
words  which  he  has  used,  and  that  intent  is  to 
be  ascertained  under  the  strong  pressure  of  an 
attempt  of  the  advocate  to  win  whatever  possi- 
ble oonstraction  mav  be  most  bvorable  to  hit 
cause.  The  trae  safeguard  it  found  not  in  the 
old  method  of  accumulating  synonyms  and  by 
an  aecumalation  of  particulars,  but  rather  by 
concise  but  complete  statement  of  the  full  prin- 
ciple in  the  fewest  possible  words,  and  the 
elimination  of  description  and  paraphrase  by 
Oe  separate  statement  of  necessary  defini- 
tions. jOne  of  the  rales  to  which  the  New 
York  rsviseifl  genenlly  adhered,  and  wY'.A 
they  feand  of  very  great  importance,  was  to 
eonftna  aach  section  to  a  tingle  proposition. 
In  this  way  the  intricacy  and  obscurity  of  the 
old  statatts  were  largely  avoided.* 

CoMUBtciAL  Law;  Law  Merchant; 
MnoANTiui  Law.  See  titles,  Accounts; 
AoiNcv j  BAiLMBNta ;  BoNM,  Noras,  and 
BlLLei  iMitniANai;  Interist,  ante. 

COMMON  LAW.  Common  law  is  that 
system  of  bur,  or  form  of  the  science  of  juris- 
pradeaee,  whkh  has  prevailed  in  England  and 
the  United  States  of  America,  in  contradistinc- 
tim  to  other  great  systems.  Those  priadplcs. 
asag««^aad  ndea  of  aetkm  applieable  to  the 
government  and  security  of  psrsons  and  of 
piopeny  wMch  do«ot  nst  for  their  aathority 
"?!?'  W  "fl*^  "■  P«W»*  dedaralfcm  of  the 
willortbelegislatafe.*  The  law  of  any  coun- 
trv(  to  denote  that  which  is  common  to  the 
whole  eoaatiy  in  eontradistfnetkm  to  laws  and 
customs  of  local  annlication. 

The  most  proiainent  characteristic  which 
masks  its  contrast  witk  othar  great  systems  of 
the  law,  and  perhaps  the  source  of  its  disdnc- 
tion,  lias  in  the  foct  that  fai  tbe  common  law 
neither  tha  stiff  rale  of  kmg  aatknrfly  on  the 
ana  hand,  nor  on  the  other  the  sa<iden 
dMBgaaal  aa  aibitraiT  power  am  aHowed  as- 
eendency,  bat,  under  tWsanetion  of  a  conttitu- 
tioMd  goveinmew,  each  of  these  is  set  off 
afafant  the  other;  so  that  the  vHU  of  the  peo- 

{^•ift  SlM*.4<Si  M  Wlnm. 4111,  SMS  Fhneas' 
-    "X.  1.    ai«r        -— «^- 


nMHV  wM0- .. 

.    Je's  TrtMbe 

ie4s)i.0Ml. 

KMi.CeaMi 


47t 


LAW. 


p)«,  a^  It  it  mtlmtd  both  from  loncMtablidMd 
eaatbm  ud  nwa  tlui  •xpcvwioa  of  th«  l«gial»- 
live  power,  gradiukUjr  fomM  a  mttoH-just,  b«- 
CMuc  it  ii  tM  dtUbantiv*  will  of  m  txm  peo- 
pl*— 4t»bl«,  becauM  it  it  the  powtk  of  otnlu- 
ri«»— propcwive,  bec^tuM  it  ia  amawabia  to  the 
conitant  r«vi»ion  of  tba  people. 

Farhapa  the  moat  immttant  of  thete  nar* 
rower  aenaet  ia  that  whica  it  haa  when  need  in 
oontradiatinction  to  atatute  law,  to  daaignale 
anwritten  aa  diatinmialMd  (ron  wtitteia  kw. 
It  it  that  law  which  derivaa  ita  forea  and 
aathority  from  the  univctaal  conaent  and  im- 
meotorial  practice  of  the  people.  It  haa  never 
received  tne  aanction  of  the  l^ialatwe  by  an 
eapreaa  act,  which  it  the  criterion  bv  which  it 
ia  dittingttiahed  from  atatnte  law.  When  it  ia 
woken  of  aa  the  lex  hmn  Mfi^  it  te  BMant 
tnal  it  ia  law  not  written  bjr  anthortar  tl  law. 
IIm  atalutea  are  the  expmaioa  of  law  in  a 
writ'Mn  form,  which  form  ia  aaaawHal  to  the 
atacttte.  The  decision  of  n  oovrt  iriddi  eatab- 
lishca  or  declarci  a  rule  of  law  SMy  be  reduced 
to  writing,  and  published  in  the  raporta;  but 
thia  report  ia  not  the  law  i  It  labat  evidauce  of 
the  law;  it  ia  but  a  written  aeeonnt  of  one 
application  of  a  legal  principle,  which  prind- 
pM  in  the  theory  of  the  coounon  law,  ia  ttill 
unwritten.  However  artificial  thia  diatinetlon 
nuqr  appear,  it  ia  neveithdeaa  of  tha  utinoat 
importance,  and  beara  continually  tin  moat 
wholeaooM  resulta.  It  ia  only  by  the  kgltla- 
tive  power  that  law  can  t)|*  I'omid  by  puaae- 
ology  and  by  forarn  of  enptawlon.  Thaceunaon 
law  elttdeaauch  bondage;  ita  priadplea  are  not 
limited,  nor  hampered  by  we  man  fotmt  in 
which  they  nuw  have  been  opreaaad,  «ind  the 
reported  adjudicatioaadechuingauchjprinciplea 
are  hot  the  inatanoaa  in  which  they  Mve  been 
applied.  The  prindplea  themaelvaa  are  adll  un- 
written, and  ready,  with  all  die  adaptability 
of  truth,  to  meet  every  9ew  and  unexpected 
case;  hence,  it  it  laid  that  the  rulea  of  the 
common  law  are  flexible.*  It  naturally  raauka 
from  the  inflexible  form  of  the  itatute  or  wrtaan 
law,  which  haa  no  aelf-ooirtaiiMd  power  of 
adaptation  to  cases  not  foreaeen  by  kgithtara, 
that  evenr  atatate  of  ihtportance  Womea,  in 
courte  01  time,  aupplemented,  explained,  en- 
laiged,  or  limited  by  n  aeriea  of  Mjadicall09a 
upon  it,  to  that  at  laat  it  may  qipear  to  be 
mofely  the  foundation  of  n  larger  tuperatmc- 
twe  of  unwritten  law.  It  naturally  ftdlowt, 
too,  Jiom  the  ktt  definite  and  pnciae  form  in 
whidi  the  doctrine  of  the  nnwrntan  hnr  ataadi^ 
and  firom  the  proper  heaitatioA  of  eowta  to 
modifirreeogniaed  dbctriact  ia  ne 
that  dae  log^fauive  paver  fteqaently  I, 
to  dedare,  to  ipialify,  or  tp  abrogate  dw  doo- 
trinee  of  the  oommon  law.    Thw  Iho  written 


^SiS^s^-vd^oSfi^ 


I  Pm.  ^Mf.  •  bGmv.  C.  0.  iM.    »•  'S'  (Mi  •  le. 
Mt;  t  Kifb.  Cmhb.  itft   s  Hfir.  at  J.  ])(]  ■  Mk. 


and  unwritten  law,  tt«  atatntea  of  the  Meacnt 
and  traditiont  of  the  peat,  interlace  ana  react 
upo;!  each  other.  Hialorioal  evidence  aupport* 
the  view  which  theee  facta  auggeit,  tint  nwny 
of  the  doctrinea  of  the  oonunonlaw  are  but  the 
common  law  form  of  antiqne  atatntea,  lon^ 
tince  oveqpown  and  imbedded  hi  Jadidal 
decisiona. 

In  thia  conntrr  thn  conatoa  law  of  EaghuiH 
haa  been  adoptea  aa  the  batia  of  jurimruaencc 
in  all  the  Statea  except  Louiaiana.  Many  of 
tha  moat  valued  prindplea  of  the  cowimon  law 
have  been  emboaied  in  the  conttiiution  of  the' 
United  Statee,  and  the  oonatiiationa  of  the' 
teveral  Statea;  and,  in  aiany  of  tfrn  8tat«4  the 
oomatoa  kw  and  the  atalutea  of  Engdand  in 
force  in  the  edony  at  the  IIbm  of  our  independ- 
encn,  un,  bf  the  State  oonatitution,  doMared 
to  be  the  law  of  the  Stale  nnUl  repealed.' 
Hence,  where  n  quaatioB  in  the  couita  of  one 
State  tnma  nnm  tne  kw  of  a  aitter  State,  If  no 
proof  of  anca  kwa  ia  offcrad,  it  ia,  fat  general, 
pictuaMd  that  the  oonmon  law  at  it.  exmed  at 
the  tinM  of  the  aeparalloa  of  thb  coantiy  Aom 
Engknd  prnvrJb  in  aueh  Slate."  The  term 
"  Gommoo  kw,"  aa  thaa  uaed,  aaay  be  deemed 
to  include  the  doctrine  of  eqaityj'  Bnt  tte 
term  b  alao  uaed  in  the  amendmenta  to  the 
Conatitntion  of  the  United  Statea  (Ait.  7),  k 
contradiaiinetlon  to  equity,  in  tha  proviaion 
timt,  **  In  aaha  at  comnM»  kw,"  etc,  dte 
**  common  kw "  here  mentioned  u  the  earn- 
mon  kw  of  England,  and  not  of  any  particular 
State.'  The  term  la  uted  in  oontradiatiaotion 
to  equity,  admbalty,  and  maritime  kw.*  The 
oommoa  kw  of  Eni^and  k  not  In  all  le^Mctt 
to  be  taken  aa  that  of  tha  United  Statea,  or  of 
the  aeveral  Statea;  ita  general  priadplea  are 
adapted  only  ao  liur  aa  Buy  are  applicabk  to 
our  aitaatian.''  In  general,  too,  the  atatulaa  of 
England  am  aot  nndeialood  to  ha  included, 
except  80  te  aa  they  have  been  veoogniaed  by 
ooloaial  legiakthMi,  but  the  ooune  nnaaed  hm 
bcsa  raftar  to  i»4niact  aneh  Engliih  atatutaa  at 
were  deemed  appUcable  to  our  caae.  Byreaaon 
of  the  ■wdiicatfant  aririHr  out  <tf  oar  dtSarcnt 
eeaditian,  and  thoea  eati^ithed  by  AnaHcan 
atatutaa  and  by  the  eoaratf  of  Amerieaa  adnudi- 
catioa,  tha  ee«iaoa-k#  of  America  vma 
widely  k  mm  detaik  fiooa  ^b*  ooaunoB  kw 
of  A^^aad;  but  the  fiwt  that  thk  dIMance 
haa  not  been  introdaeed  by  vkkat  phangai, 
bat  haa  «rown  up  flma  dm  native  vigor  «f  the 
mtam,  ideatiflea  the  whok  aa  oaa  juriapni- 
dence. 

CONFLICT  OP  LAW  h  a  ewitiariety 
or  oppoaitioa  ia  the  kwa  of  Sktea  ia  diaae 
oaaea  what*,  ftoa  Oeir  ndatioat  to  eadh  otker, 
or  to  tiha  tal^-matier  in  dilute,  the  ri|^ 
of  dwpMtiia  anUabk  toiie  alMted  by  Ike 

Ovi  TJV.r.aMik.<Mi  tOWe.Msi  aaaajOve. 
C.  C.^1  tCMHhM>!  iMaefAMii  (paw.M;  J 


.  fkfl  itatatw  of  dw  MMent 
«  put,  inunrlaca  ana  met 
fUMoriod  cvidtnc*  rapports 
Mfuli  Mig8Mt,UMt  many 
1m  ooBiBonuw  are  tmt  the 
I  of  antiflM  atatataa,  lonit 
and  iaabaddad  in  JwUcUl 

M  coHMMMi  law  of  BagkiHl 
I  Iho  baaia  of  JaiiannMencc 
Koept  Lodiaiana.  liaay  of 
ndplca  of  tba  cobmwii  law 
d  ia  tho  comtilvtioii  of  the' 
1  tho  oonatiialioaa  of  the' 
I,  In  nanjr  of  t)M  Stalod  Ibc 
tho  tlalvtoa  of  Eii|riaiid  in 
at  tha  Uaao  of  o«r  indapand- 
Stata  fionatitation,  doAaiad 
tho  State  nntll  npaalod.* 
laatioB  ia  tho  conlaof  one 
0  Uw  of  •  aiatcir  Stata,  If  no 
ia  ofwrad,  it  ia,  in  Mnoial, 
common  larw  •■  itoaotad at 
nation  of  thia  coontiyftom 
»  aaeh  Stata."  Tho  teim 
that  wad,  aujr  bo  daeaaad 
rtrlna  of  •q^^J'  B«t  tin 
in  tha  MaanAnanta  to  tba 


United  Statoa  (Art.  j),  ia 
1  eqaitjr,  in  tho  |iio>Mton 
ft  oommoa  Uw,"  ate.,  tha 
no  maniioaad  b  Htm  tarn- 
d,  and  not  of  anyjpartiealar 
b  wed  ia  oontnwiiitinaHoo 
'.and  waritiaia law.*  Tha 
i^aadia  aolla  all  iwpocta 
of  tha  Unitad  Stalta,  or  of 
;  ita  MBCfal  prindplea  an 
r  M  Uwy  ara  applioabte  to 
general,  too,  tha  Matntea  of 
indantood  to  ha  iacloded, 
nr  havo  boon  raooKniaed  by 
Mt  tho  ooono  nnaed  hw 
liahitainta 


tact  neh  Eaglii 
afalo  to  our  caw.  Brreaaon 
I  ariilBt  oat  of  onr  dIfiiBcm 
w  aataWiiliitd  bvAnafican 
eouMf  of  Anartean  ndludi- 
n-laiir  of  America  mm 
laib  Horn  the  ooaunoa  law 
ha  fiiGt  that  this  dttUoaee 
daeed  hf  violent  drnmea, 
nam  Ae  nativa  vifor  of  Um 
lie  trtwio  w  one  jwiefMni- 

»P  LAW  ia  a 

ha  lawa  of  Slalw  ia 
hdr  nlations  to  aadh  otkar, 
■tier  ia  dfafwl*,  tiia  f%hu 
laUo  to  bo  aSkted  by  ibe 


LAW. 


499 


of  adadaialafiag 


laws  of  both  jnriadictiom.  Aa  oppoaitioa  or 
inraoaiataaejr  of  domaatie  kwa  apoo  the  wma 
laMMt. 

"no  kwa  of  owrjr  State  a«Kt  and  Mad  di- 
rae*^  aM  prooeitf ,  real  or  penonal.  litaated 
withia  ili  territory,  all  ooatracta  made  and  acta 
dwM,  and  all  panom  reeideat  withta  its  jaria- 
dictioa,  and  wa  auprenM  within  ile  own  Umlu 
by  rirtaa  of  ita  own  lovoreitn^.  AmbaiMMlon 
tad  01^  pahUe  miniitan  whflo  in  the  Stale  to 
wMefc  Aqrara  Mat.  and  OMmban  of  an  armr 
marehiaii  lhroa|h.  or  atMioaad  in  a  friendly 
Stata,  aw  not  anljoct  to  thia  rale.*  PoaMasiaa 
exeMw  aotborilf  with  tba  aboro  qoallBoation, 
■  Stale  ■MfiMdalo  tba  waaaer  aad  dream- 
•taaew  aadw  wbieb  property,  whether  wal  or 
Pjw-ri,  fa  nrnwdoa  or  fa  acttoa,  wHhfa  it, 
•^  y^^  twaambto^  or  trawfbwed.  by 
H^barter,  w  baaneet,  or  woowwd.  or  on- 
t)rced  ^  Om  wwdMBii,  wpacity,  aad  etWa  of  all 
lieciow  wiAfa  it;  the  raUAty  af  eoatiacta  aad 

1*-^*^*** *«J  *•  »«'*faf  rifbta aad 

<latlw  pawing  oat  of^  '*- -^-       ■ 

wd  awwwadiwand 
jartfao  fa  all  eaaai.« 

Whnlfwr  ferw  and  obHption  tba  kwa  of 
oM  oowMiy  hwa  in  another  depeada  apon  tha 
.•j^  "«*  ■■■Wpd  f^fadoaa  of  tbonatteri 
tfat  ktawy,  aaoa  Ha  wm  pMiper  Jariipndeac; 
•«dpo%, aa/ apoa to  own w wdDmasaaf 
**I!!LV!S!*  u*  *•  ■«wrt«fa«  faw  of  the 

Uw,thakttariaofnofM«owhaWwr.    WhSn 

'^^g**^'»y«''fafc«>»«<fcct.  Gen- 
Mdly,  fanw  and  aflbct  wUl  be  giren  by  any 

Swjtofcrelga  W fa cww  wiSw, ftSLTS, 

wiew  aagr  a«Ht  fa^,eriondy  bar  own  eiiiunt. 
noiaia  feir  npraw  anadmmita,  or  aw  tmUrm 
*wa  mttw  (contiaiy  togood  Riorala). 
AMKMIBDm  AND  TRAMwng.    VoiaMarr 

»  agafart  dtiaena  of  tho  atat^  of  jtef  atta^. 
•iMP^VSaT**'^  obtafafa.  nwaea. 

l'**  *lL.^*'  "•  !!■*»  SKjTSr  lL3Ci 
•wa,  wm  not  araU  aa  to  attacbfaf  awdkora  fa 
the  akoa  of  aitaatioa  of  tbamwrty.k    It 


would  hold  if  tho  amigncM  had  obtained 
poaawaion."  Aa  awignnient  by  operation  of 
law  U  mod  ao  w  to  vwt  property  fa  the  a*, 
tignaw  by  comity  of  aaUoni) 

FoavoN  Law8*  mnat  be  proved  w  matlaii 
uf  fact.' 

£WtfMmZ«Mwmartbaprovodbytbaopte. 
ioBofesperta.*  ^^ 

WVaMrn  Zonv  aunt  bo  proved  by  tha  tar  - 
or  •  coUoctlon  printed  by  authority,  or  a  copy 
"**  -V  •  P"P"  o«car,  or,  in  their  ai> 
wnoa,  pntapa,  by  opinion  of  experta  w  leo- 
padaiy  avideam,*  bat  the  aaaction  of  ite  oath 
ia  raqairad  in  each  caw.* 

JinxaiBirn  and  Dnana  or  FoanoN 
•^■W  "•^'f  fa  fawHwable  property  withia 
their    Juriidicdon   aw   btading   everywheia, 

^^  ^J?**  J*  *•  ""^  "'"»  "!*"»  fa  "w- 
oblwwitbte  their  Jariadiction.e 

JtmmMytim  rm  aw  bald  oondaaiw  ewiy. 

whew  if  Iho  ooort  had  a  rightful  Jurindiction, 

founded  on  actual  poaaawioa  of  the  rabiact. 

matter.'    But  tho  deciw  may  be  avoided  for 

nutter  upareatly  erroncoaa  on  the  face  of 

the  reooid.*     1^/ocaadinas  oader  a  garnithw 

procew  4W  bald  procwdinga  iSm  mw/  aad  a 

decwo  au^  bo  pleaded  fa  bar  of  an  action 

againrt  atnvMworgaraiabe*.*    Bottbaooart 

">«?»  kfw  r  jjntW'  Jariadietioa  over  tho  rn. 

uakw  tba  «Mat  bad  aotnal  Jariadicdoa  over  the 


ym^gmmli  im  /tnmmm,  ragalar  oa  their 
r4ce,  wbieb  aw  aoaght  to  bo  caforced  fa  aaother 
country,  aw  oonolnaivo  evidaaw,  nUect  to  a 
re-eaaiafaation,  fa  tba  conrta  whew  tho  new 

or  kdt  of  Jariadietioa  of  tho  cmU  of  irtioa  o^ 
pMttaaflmwioj*    Aay  fowiga  Jadgmeat  may 
•»  taapaacbad  far  aiwr  appaiwit  onita  Jace." 
ForcigB  fa4|maata  aw  admittrd  w  condnaive 

•*"?2iL'^"'"*^  *»««*J'  ^"''^li^  fa  Ae 
""f^S^^S'^^^i'Bmfimtim  k  brought 
upfaddentally."  ^ 

••  faU  fcwa  aad  e««t »  aw  to  bo  given  tha  da. 
crew  of  the  oourts  of  any  State  fa  tbow  of  all 
othwStalaa.  Tbk  h  conatraod  to  mean  tfa* 
the  ju4gment  ap  obtained  and  properiy  aathen. 
ucited  ibaU  bo  condwivo  avi£o^  of  iha 
rightaof  the  partfaa/  bat  aot  aakm  aetaal  per- 


-".^gs-**"  •"^:«J''»«»J  imaawawtiH 


':! 


I 


u 


4lo 


LAW. 


•onal  juriMliction  wm  oUaiiMd.*  And  wuit 
of  JnrUdictiM  nay  b«  shown  ercn  to  oontra- 
dlct  tlM  racoH,*  and  mutt  bo  shown  aAnna- 
tivolr,  if  th«  record  show  jariMliction  on  lU 
bctS 

Tbt  constitntion  and  rule*  of  comity  apply 
only  to  civil  judgments,  and  not  to  criminal.* 

PARTICULAA  PUtONAL  RELATIONS. 

ExMMfri  mmd  mdminittimltri  have  no 
powar  to  sat  or  b«  svtd  by  virtaa  of  a  foreign 
appointment  as  such<  in  th«  absence  of  a  statute 
anUiorisiiur  it.  But  an  esecutor  who  haa  so 
changed  hW  sitnation  towards  the  action  aa  to 
render  U  his  own  mav  sue  in  a  foreign  court.* 
Administration  mutt  be  taken  oat  in  the  tihu 
(plaoo  of  sitMtfion)  of  the  property,'  unlcas 
dbenriae  provided  \n  sutute. 

In  gemnl,  administration  is  granted  aa  of 
oowM  to  the  sxecntor  or  adminittrator  entitled 
'wadm^^hsdtmieaa.  In  such  eases  the  pro- 
bata granted  in  the  pUce  of  domicil  is  the 
nrincinal,andthatlntheMtefandllary.>  There 
b  no  l«ml  privity  between  dMm> 

All  property  of  the  decedent  which  is  in  the 
jwiadiction  ^k  the  coort  granting  principal  or 
ancillary  administration,  or  which  comes  into 
it  if  not  abeady  taken  posiesaion  of  nnder 
•  grant  of  administration,  comes  und-sr  it* 
anmtion.>  Shipa  and  caigoea,  and  the  pro- 
oeeda  thereof,  etnpieu  their  voyages  and  re- 
tnra  to  the  home  port  J  The  property  of  each 
inrtedictk»  h  held  liable  for  debta  due  in 
that  JnriKlictioB,  and  the  snrplvi  is  to  bo  re- 
aittod  to  tiM  principal  ndminktmtor  fcr  diatri- 
bntion  nnder  Om  iuF  4NNft(Mtf.'  Each  admin, 
iatntor  mnat  give  priorUv  to  daima  according 
to  the  law  of  his  jnriadiGtion.'  But  a  trans- 
mission of  eiBcts  or  their  proceeds  to  another 
jorisdictioa  does  not  divert  a  cradilar's  praco- 

once.* 
iiriMrWiCam  have  no  power  over  tha  proiMity, 

whether  raal  or  peraoud,  of  their  wards,  by 
virtue  of  n  fiirdgn  appdnlntent," 

Xitthm  in  eqni^  havenoentm  territorial 
powers  fay  viitno  of  Uiair  appototmeftt,*  and 


the  comitv  of  the  Slataa  and  Territorlea  wlH 
hardly  help  a  receiver.' 

An  appointment  of  a  receiver  doea  not  vest 
the  funds  of  a  foreign  inrisdiction.< 

Suntia  come  under  general  mles,  and 
their  contracU  are  governed  by  the  Aw  kti: 
but  in  case  of  government  bonds  the  tent  of 
government  is  held  to  be  the  iirx  M.* 

PutaoNAL  PtoruTY. 

BiUt  •/  tatkmt^  mtd  fnmiitmy  mtm  are 
to  be  gnvemcd,  as  to  validity  and  interpreta- 
tion, Iw  the  law  of  the  piaoi  of  making,  as 
are  other  contracts.  Hm  raddenee  of  a 
drawee  of  n  biU  of  exchange,  and  the  place 
of  nuking  a  promiasory  noM,  where  no  pther 
place  of  payment  la  nacifled,  la  tkn  Ammi  mm- 
trMhuf  where  the  place  of  addfwa  I*  mid  to 
be  the  plaoo  of  making.  Ai  batweai  the 
drawee  and  drawer  and  ether  paitlw  (b«t  not 
as  between  an  indoreer  and  ittdonae),*aadi  in- 
dorsement is  ooMtdered  anew  aontiaet*  The 
place  of  pmfment  Is.  however,  to  ba  cowldered 
as  the  plaoa  of  making.'  The  hattarnde  M  to 
the  rate  oriatamst  to  be  allowed  oa  hOk  of 
exchange  and  promissory  nolas.  whan  M  place 
of  payment  is  specified,  and  no  nto  oUntorett 
nientU»ed.seematob«theinterailorika  kx 
M."  The  damagaa  teoovenUa  on  a  Mil  of 
exchaaga  not  paid  are  thoaa  of  the  plaea  where 
the  plaintiff  k  entitlod  to  feiabmaeMeal,  and 
are  genaially  Ciad  by  ilatato.*  Whera  the 
place  of  paymaM  b  tpedAad.  the  ialMWt  of 
that  plaea  tunt  ba  allowed.' 

cLm  awrtMW.  valid,  and  dniy  regiaiared 
nndar  tka  kwi  of  tha  State  in  which  the  prop- 
erty la  aitaatad  at  the  time  of  the  aortgacc, 
Witt  ba  Md  valid  in  another  State  towhicS  tho 
property  Is  nMMvad,  akhoagk  Iba  regnl«rtonii 
bmaiadifnant*  ThaM^ttfaHonefchalitl 
mortgagw  and  tmaafei  of  govenuMSt  ami 
hwal  stodts  an  fraMantly  made  nkjeeta  of 
posidva  kw,  wbldl  Oien  av^M^  **  ^'*'  ^. 
thedomkil.  Snch  aortnge  will  ba  nspactcd 
in  prefatMoa  to  claim*  of  atiaana  of  the  Stats 
into  which  the  proporty  I*  removed.* 


uriijilMi  h<IiisihiIii|mi<Wmi  OMljr  Mon. 

»^^^4»k  J!»5?^JP.'  IVV*»' 1 


SuiM  And  TtrritarlM  wl.M 
rw.» 

of  •  nccivar  do«  mil  vwt 
gniiiritdlGtkm.* 
Md«r  ^mtnl  ntas,  uid 

govcmad  bjr  the  itw  itrW; 
rminMBt  bonds  th*  MMt  of 

to  b«  tiM  Arjr  4w^' 
BtTY. 

fv  «M^  >>'iwiifa«iy  «Mb»  art 
lldlty  ami  li 


I  to  validity  aad  IMtipnta- 
if  thtpUM  of  nayag.  as 
:ts.  Tm  mldwca  of  a 
if  axeluu^pt  aid  tho  ylaca 
iMoiy  ROM,  wbtn  ao  ft^tt 
■  KNcUMt  la  Ik*  AtMf  em- 
pbca  of  addma  la  laM  to 
naUng.  Ai  batwaaa  tht 
ir  and  other  paitlaa  (b«t  not 
naraad  iadonaa),*wdi  In- 
laradaaowcnMtaat*  Tha 
^  howrror,  to  ba  eolldarart 
kiag.*  TiM  biUarnlir  aa  to 
«  to  b«  aUowad  o«  MUa  of 
Dbiory  nolM,  whiN  M  placa 
lifitd,  and  BO  rata  «f  Jatan*! 
lotiethalataNalortka  k* 
gm  laoovambla  o«  •  btU  of 
am  thoaa  of  tho  piaM  whom 
thlod  to  laiaBbttrMMat,  aad 
id  by  itatiita.*  WWo  tba 
ii  nacited,  tba  iataraat  of 
lallowodjr 

w,  valid,  aad  daly  Ngbtarcfl 
tha  Stata  In  wUcb  Iha  prop- 
t  tha  tlBM  of  dM  aortoacc, 
ia  aaothor  Stala  to  whicK  the 
>ad,ahho«fh  tha  regulations 
,•  ThaiM^rtiationorchatKl 
nuMfoi  Of  govtiMM«t  aa<l 
bamaatly  »ada  mb(«cta  of 
dk  ihoB  awpaadi  dM  law  of 
Ji«Mitgaga  win  ba  iwpoctcd 
lahaa  oT^Maana  of  tha  Stata 
Bfwty  la  lammd.* 


M.  iilijiMdC  sway**  *^'  * 

pit  i<WLyi  •ftHMi.Mi 


rtaaaMi 
SSWt 


LAW. 


4ll 


Qaaatloni  of  priority  of  Hem  and  other 
>  Itiau  art,  in  ganeral,  to  b«  dclermincti  Uy  the 
Um  rH  lUm,  even  in  remrd  to  penunat  prop- 
erty.* Tha  eiiitenca  of  tha  lien  will  ikpend 
on  lb*  iSrjr  UH.* 

MftrntiM  m  gtmtrm/.  Peiaonal  pro|)erty 
follows  the  owner,  and  hence  iu  disposition 
and  transfer  art  to  ba  determined  by  the  law 
uf  domieil.' 

CRIMINAL  LAW  ^   that   branch  of 
jurisprudence  which  ireaU  of  criminal  offences. 
The  aatrame  importance  of  a  hnowledve  of 
criminal  law  is  self-evident;  foramisuke  in 
•point  of  law,  which  every  person  of  discietion 
not  only  mav  hnow,  but  is  bound  and  presumed 
(0  know,  is  In  criminal  cases  no  defence.    This 
Isw  is  administered  upon  tha  principle  that 
every  one  must  ba  tahen  conclusively  to  know 
it,  without  proof  that  ho  does  know  U.»    This 
(loctrina  has  been  carried  so  far  as  to  include 
'"•  «»e  of  a  foreigner  charged  with  a  crime 
which  was  no  oAtnoe  in  his  own  country.'  And 
further,  tha  criminal  law,  whether  common  or 
>iatute.  is  ioiptrativa  with  raferanca  to  tha  con- 
duct of  individuals  t  so  that,  if  a  statute  forbids 
or  ooasaMinds  a  thing  to  ba  done,  aU  acu  or 
omissioBs  contrary  to  the  prtdiibition  or  com 
mand  of  tha  sututa  are  oOenccs  at  common 

Isw,  and     

Aitatata,„ 

lion  without  enumerating 
•tittt'a  it,  then  it  ia  nacessary  to  resort  tothe 
5«""M»»  ••»  for  a  definition  of  the  crime  with 
III  distiactiona  and  qualifications.  So  if  an  act 
it  mada  eriadnal,  but  no  mode  of  persecution  is 
directed  or  no  punidtmant  provided,  the  com- 
mon law  (In  the  afasanct  of  a  statute  to  the  coo. 
irary)  furnishes  its  aid,  prascriUng  the  mode  of 

prosecution  •—  *-- *'- "  ' '-    ' 

menthy  \__ 

lbse,aatba    ^ 

Isw  am  aniUcabla  to  Iha  adaUniatration  of  the 
crimjaal  law,  aad  hava  aot.heea  altered  or 

T^  •?  *¥^r  «»««««^  or  i«»<Uclal 
dccirioaLthey  fiava  tha  aaawlbroa  aad  cAct  aa 
Isws  iaalto  enacted.* 

Tha  Moupiag  an  aeoM  of  ika  teadinc 
priodalaaef  thaettaiiaallaw: 

I.  SvatyasaaUpraanMdtobaianoceattin 
the  OMMry  fai  dMwo)  aad  If  than  is  any  tea- 

•onaUa  doaht  of  Ma  gaUt,  ha  it  eatided  to  Iha 
benelt  of  tha  doahl. 

totiial  ifflafWBd  jMSTw^waada^^Sf 
iriai*^  ^  '"^  ""^  to  hold  Ua  to 


mined  without  reference  to  his  general  char- 
•ct«r.  previous  hiiiory  or  habiU  of  life. 

J.  The  prisoner  cannot  be  reauired  to  crimi- 
nate himaelf,  nor  be  compelled  to  excul|>nte 
himself  by  giving  hit  own  testimony  on  trial. 

6.  He  cannot  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  for  >ha 
same  offence. 

7-  He  cannot  be  punished  for  an  act  which 
was  not  an  offence  by  the  law  cxiiling  at  tha 
time  of  its  commission  j  nor  can  a  severer  pun* 
ishment  be  inflicted  than  was  declarad  by  law 
at  the  time  of  its  commiuion. 

Tha  alamanta  of  criminal  ofTancaa  ara. 
in  |anaral,  aa  followa : 

CaiMU  oa  Public  Onruicu  are  wrongs 
which  the  Stale  or  Commonwealth  notices  as 
njurious  to  the  public,  and  punishes  in  what 
U  called  a  criminal  proceeding  in  its  own 
name.'    '^-' —  .  -     .       r       .  .    , 


Crimes  are  defined  and  punished  by 
and    by  '*^-  '  -- 

common  law  offa 


statutes    and    bv  the    common   law.      Mos't 
ranees  are  as  well  known  and 


I  tha  stetute  ara  oOcnces  at  common 
I  ordinarily  indictable  aasuch.B  When 
I  punishaa  a  crioM  by  its  hpi  designa- 
huut  enumerating  the  acts  which  coa- 


■rnishea  its  aid,  prascriUng  the  mode  of 
tioa  by  indictment,  iu  bmxI*  of  pnnish- 
rfaa  and  impriaoanMBt  Sofar,thert- 
tha  ralaa  aad  prinehdaa  of  the  common 


3.  Thaprlaoparia  aalilladtoliial  byajfliy 
of  Ua  patn,  #h|»  ara  dwaaa  iinaitha  body  of 


'l»P«^  wUh  a  vimr  to  iavaitiaUly.  and 
whoaaMiiaa  oa  qaaatkNM  ofStt  ia  fii^. 
4.  Tka  qaatthm  of  Ua  gailt  ia  to  be  deter- 


Blajrii  r^a  *  ^^i  ^W  *i  #"'JW>.. J  W»B-  m-    •■ 


Itor^ 


L|s»f< 


M^£lstSS. 


5*^'*^'!*'y  «"rt*lned  as  those  which  ai« 
defined  by  statutes.  Vet  from  the  diliculty  of 
exacUy  defining  and  describing  every  act  which 
ought  to  be  punUhed.  the  vital  and  preserving 
principte  has  been  adopted  that  allimmoral 
acu  which  tend  to  the  prejudice  of  the  com- 
mnnily  arajiunishable  criminally  by  courU  of 
justice^  Criminal  oAences  are,  in  general,  de- 
fined, and  tha  node  of  punishmant  prescribed 
by  statotOi 

Climes  are  som  iimes  cUaaified  according  tt^ 
wa  dmree  of  pudisbment  incuned  by^ei> 
coaaausion.  They  are  mora  generally  ar 
ranged  according  to  the  natura  of  the  offence 
Th*  following  is,  pei^ps,  as  complete  a  clas- 
sification as  the  subject  admiu  i 

I.  (>fMut  ^gnmsi  tAt  ttvtrtigniy  ff  t»t< 
SM*.    I.  Treason  J  a.  MUprisionoftreion. 

M^wiAtait.  I.  Murder  J  a.  MansUughteri 
3.  Attempt  to  kill  or  murder;  4.  Mayhem;  c 
Rape;  6.  Robbery;  7.  Kidnapping;  8.  Falw 
imprisonment;  9.  Abduction;  10.  Assault 
andbattenr. 

III.  Ojrmett  ag^imtt  MMU  pnftrty.  1. 
Buraiag  or  destroying  puWc  property;  %.  In, 
jttnr  to  tha  same. 

IV.  Cgtmtt  agmimU  frivaU  fr^ptrty.  i. 
Arson;  a.  Burgtary;-].  Larceny;  4  (fctain- 
tnggooda  under  tslse  pretences;  j.  Embesila. 
man;  6.  MaUdous  mischief. 

V.  Ofmtaag^kutpmMtjmilUt.  1.  P*r- 
juijr;  a.  Bribery;  3.  Destroviag  pnbUc  rec- 
Olds;  4.  CMiBterfciUng  publfo  aaak;  «.  Jail 
?^SiAi??'*'  ?•  Resistanca  tooAem; 


„  ,  . ■-- »— J — — -t  9*  nariatry;  10. 

Maintanaaea;  11.  Champerty;  la.  Contempt 
gf  «»«<;  13.  Oppression;  14.  Extortion;  15, 
SttppramiiMi  of  evidence;  16.  Cbmpoundina 
felony  J  17.  Misprision  of  felony. 

•9>f4;  aQ.,B.«t};  see  IS  M.  *  W.  MM.    h.ir«K 


'IA 


».'^ 


LAW. 


VI.  Oi*tuM  fhul  tit  pmMt  put**,  i. 
CballmgMf  or  accepting  •  challtng*  to  ft 
iImI;  %.  UnUwful  MMOtbljt  3.  Rowtt  4- 
Riotj  5.  BrMch  orth«pMC«i  6.  Ub«i. 

VII.  €f*ntti  ofintl  (tuulkf.  i.  Sodomy  t 
a.  BwlUnty;  3.  AauUwrys  4-  Incwtj  J.  Blg- 
•myi  6.  ScHuclion}  7.  Fornication}  fi.  Lai- 
ciTioiMcarriaMi  9.  Keeping  and  frequenting 
hoMwa  of  ill  uma. 

VIII.  Offtmtti  arttimtt  pmMk  foUtf.  I. 
Falit  Gtinrcnrv;  3.  Loitcriea{  3.  Gambling  t 
4.  Immoral  ihuwa ;  1.  Violation  of  the  right 
of  nftaget  6.  Deatniction  of  game,  flab,  etc.  \ 
7.  Nniaaitce. 

IX.  Ogmtt*  mgrnkut  tk«  €mrrmtf,  mmd  fitk' 
lit  mmd  prmUi  stmritut.  i.  Forgeryt  3- 
Coanterfciting;  3.  Paiaing  covnterfeit  money. 

X.  athtts  »fmmit  rdigitm.  dumn,  »nd 
mtrmHty.  I.  BlaaphemT;  a.  ProfanUvj  3- 
SkbtMth-brwOciBgl  4*  Ofaacenityi  (.  Cruelty 
to  uimftlat  6.  DninkoniM«t  ?.  Proaating 
InlaBipewnce.' 

XI.  OfM*t*t*imt  tkiptMt,  bUMimab, 
»r  tMf  pr^ftvty.     I.  ConaplfMy. 

hmocncm  fai  the  taking  and  carrying  away 
of  a  ehUd,  a  ward,  a  wife,  etc.,  by  farce,  fraud, 
penuaaion,  or  open  violence.' 

Aboktion  ia  the  criminal  act  of  miacarrying 
or  producing  young  before  the  natuial  tine  or 
befeM  Um  fcatw  b  perfectly  formed,  and  before 
it  haa  acquired  the  power  of  iuatainiof  all  in- 
dependant  Ufa. 

When  in  oouaqneM*  of'tha  aaaaaa  uaed  to 
ptocun  an  abortion,  tha  death  of  tha  aolteT 
enauaa.  U  ia  murder.  If  tha  panoo,  intaadiBt; 
to  praam  HI  abortion,  doaa  an  aa  wUdi  aaaaaa 
a  diild  to  be  bom  10  prematnraljr  that  k  dlaa  in 
ooMaqoanca  Aeraof,  the  ptiaon  ao  hriacing 
tha  (^  into  tha  world,  M  puliiiif  it  la  a  iiua- 
tioB  in  which  it  caanat  thra,  ia  |nil9  of  mvdar ; 
and  thia  guUt  la  not  laaMnad  fnm  tha  ama 
exiataoea  of  a  poaribiUty  that  aofMthiag  Bii^ 
have  bean  dona  to  prrraot  lla  daadi.* 

Awn  ia  to  treat  nidaly,  or  with  rapraadrfU 
'language,  to  rrvilc.    Saa  AffwatT,  fanow. 

A  panoB  ia  llaMa  for  arhalavar  iaAwy  ariMB 
fnan  Um  abiiaa  ef  propaity,  whUa  ia  Ut  eaMMl 
or  cnalody,  unlaaa  it  ia  occaaioi>ad  bf  ^mtn^ 
able  accident  ct  caaM  whoUr  bqmM  thair 

Aa  AociuoKY  ia  aa  ^attor  t  aa  w»MB|)lioa. 
One  who  ia  guilty  of  afeloav,  aiiadaanaBor,  or 
traawnt  aotbycoanaktiaiaMaCmealapaiMe 
or  aa  priBc^laI,  but  by  adviaiait  aialinjigt  or 
eoanaaading  aaothar  to  eeaaidt  tha  ciawkw 
aiaiiitiaghiaitoa8ci^,<NrcaltoaaMncMa.  Om 
whs aot btiat tha laiaeipal  ia  ia  aaiaa  wajrwn- 
eaiaad  ia  dia  eoaiaiiaaina  of  tha  dfcMea.aMNr 
befeM  or  after  itaeonariaaiea.  Noanawlwi* 
priadpal  caa  be  accaiaaey.  Ia  BMMgr  Stalaa 
tl!  art  ooaaidarad  priac^pab.  Aa  mtmMi 
aftw  defect  to  ona  win,  haoiwiag  aa  oftaea 
to  kava  tea  ooanaiMd,  «atal«,  coaifeKa.  oon. 

•t«a«aaMw.a,CNi^i«««*r<  **?W!: 

Ma^Cew.lK. ik.    »4 n^i^mm.f.    «4  Hda 
Id;  iDSB.O.Caa.»{  03wr.ftK.|%.   »*ta« 


ceab,  recetvea  or  rellevea  the  offnMler.*  An 
.  jcwaory  be(i>re  the  fact  it  oa«  who,  beina  ah- 
tent  at  the  time  an  offence  it  committed,  yet 
command*,  coun»elii,  or  procure*  another  to 
commit  it.*  When  the  act  i»  committed  through 
ihe  agency  of  a  perton  who  has  no  lagal  dii 
cretlon  nor  a  will,  a*  in  the  caae  of  a  child  or 
intane  peraon.  the  inciter,  though  abaeni  when 
Ihe  crime  wa»  committed,  will  be  considered 
not  an  acccauiry,  for  no  one  can  be  an  acceaaory 
to  the  acu  uf  a  madman,  but  a  principal.'  But 
if  the  inittruroent  ia  aware  of  the  conaequenco* 
of  hia  act,  be  ia  a  principal,  and  the  employer, 
if  abaent  when  the  offenee  la  committed,  ia  an 
acceaaory  before  the  fect,<  or,  if  he  ia  prcaent,  a 
principal  in  the  second  degree,'  unleaa  the 
inatrument  concur  in  the  act  merely  far  the  pur- 
puM  of  detecting  and  punlahing  the  employer,  in 
whidi  caae  he  isconsioercd  aa  an  innocent  agent.* 
Aa  accomplice  is  an  abettor,  an  acceaaory, 
and  confederate :  an  aaaociate  in  crime  \  a  part- 
ner or  partaker  In  guilt.  One  who  la  in  sane 
way  ooncemed  in  tha  commiaaion  of  a  orimo, 
though  not  aa  a  principal.  All  persons  who 
have  bean  concerned  in  the  conmiaiion  of  a 
crime,  all  *»rtit*pi  trimimu,  whether  th«y  are 
conaidered  in  atrict  legal  propriety  aa  principal* 
in  the  first  or  second  degree,  or  merely  aa  ac- 
ceasories  before  or  after  the  fact.* 

It  la  a  rala  of  practica  that  a  lury  ahould 
not  cunykt  oa  the  unaupported  evidenoe  of  an 
accoaaplice;  and  tha  judge  wilL  ia  general, 
adviM  tha  jury  to  acquit,  unleaa  the  teatimony 
tit  tha  aecomplioa  to  corroborated,  not  oaly  as 
to  tha  drcuBiaUncaa  of  the  offenca.  but  alao  aa 
to  dM  paiticipatioa  of  tha  accuaed  in  tha  tvaaa- 
aelkai  and  where  aavaral  paitiea  aia  diarmd, 
that  it  to  not  suffdent  that  the  aceoamlice 
ahoald  be  oonfimed  aa  to  one  or  aiora  of  the 
priaoaan.  to  jnatUy  a  coaviction  of  thoaa  prtoon- 
ara  wtth  reapect  to  whom  there  to  ao  contaaa- 
tioa.* 

An  AcanATUm  to  a  charge,  la  writtog,. 
opon  oath  or  aflnaatioB,  agalnat  ona  or  BMre 
of  a  fekaiT  or  aatodeaaOanor.  An  ac- 
to  ^aeralty  aiada  ia  tha  farm  of  an 
___..  Ok  oamptaiiM  before  adeaa  BMgitiate 
authortoad  to  by,  aeqak.  bind  over,  or  coavtct 
tha  atfattJir.  Ia  otaita  of  eoaipaieaf  and 
gaaaral  Jariadictioa  tha  acanaattoa  to  mawted 
la  te  wna  of  na  iadiciawM  or  tofenaatlon. 
Aa  ladfctaMat  U  baaed  upoa  tha  fiadiag  of  a 
mmA  iary.  An  iafevBMtiaa  to  baaed  upoa  the 
aMaak  or  ooaipiaint  of  m*  oeaapataat  paiaaa 
aapHMMdb^  hto  oatl  or  aftawlioa. 

Ihaa  aoeanidoa  bcioia  a  awgtotfato.  H  b 
auAaiaBt.  M  a  genatatmlo.  t« 'MoOw  »•  of- 
feaca  iaflM  wordto  of  ih*  atatota.* 
Tha  taaaotial  faqoWtaa  of  aa  aamwa- 

ttonant 

yswdjtoabw  of  the  olfcBca  stated  tharala. 

Ck^.  Oaa-j 


iJtt. 


iev«  iIm  offnMlar.*  An 
ict  It  ona  who,  b«in|  ah- 
nlbnc*  It  cammltlM,  jrci 
or  procurM  Mothwr  t<> 
I  act  i«  cmniniucd  through 
in  who  hM  no  Iwal  dU 
in  ih*  CMC  of  k  child  itr 
:iter,  though  aiMcnt  when 
ilti«d,  will  b«  contidcretl 

0  ona  can  b«  an  accaiaory 
lan,  but  a  principal.'  But 
Irani  of  tha  comaquancos 
ntipal,  and  tha  amployer, 
HanM  Is  committaa,  it  an 
kct,4  or,  if  ha  ia  prtaant,  a 
ond  dagrea,'  unlaia  the 
tha  act  maraly  for  tha  pur- 
punlihingtha  amplojrar,  in 
Iciad  uan  InnocantagaM.* 
an  abattor,  mi  accaatory, 
iMociaia  in  crimai  a  part- 
ilt.  Ona  who  U  in  some 
(  conmiaaion  of  a  crime, 
icipa).     All  panom  who 

1  In  tha  conmiaion  of  a 
riminii,  whalhar  ihtf  are 
bgal  propriety  aa  princlpaln 
I  degree,  or  merely  as  ac- 
ter  tte  fact.* 

Mtlce  that  a  iury  sboald 
nupported  avidance  of  an 
t  nidge  will,  in  general, 
qait,  unlaia  the  teatioMNty 
I  corroborated,  not  oaly  as 
of  the  oflcnca.  hot  alio  aa 
f  the  accoeed  in  the  tnna- 
rreral  paitiee  are  chaifsd, 
ient  that  the  accomUce 
1  aa  to  one  or  more  of  the 
conviction  of  those  pirieon- 
ilioin  there  ia  bo  voatimm^ 

fa  a  ciMfBe.  i*  writiiig,. 
ttioa,  aniiiat  one  or  nore 
or  niaSaaaMMr.  An  «c- 
r  oiade  in  the  fern  et  an 
It  befom  aom  mgitetate 
q«ll,  bind  over,  or  coavict 
otaita  vt  oonpetaat  and 
aw  acei—rioo  fa jprsipUd 
ladiciaMirt  or  iBformition. 
■cd  «pa«  tke  findiag  of  a 
DHMtio*  to  based  vpoa  the 
It  of  aajr  ooapoint  ponoa 
li  or  afapatkia. 
bcioia  ft  aMgiettatc,  il  la 
HftmKtodoMtfbedMof- 
if  the  ttatnta.* 
•qoiflilaa  of  an 


•'-"''*•'  rt'Brii 


''I 


lAaoe  atated  thctdA. 


ftK. 


Id.  CnOat.  iMt  • 


LAW. 


4*3 


t.  A  mtut  St  madt  ly  m  ftrttm  (•mMml  t» 

kMfy. 

J.  It  mmt  ki  matt*  im  wrUitf,  umdtr  m/4 
or  aArmation  of  ihc  accuiicr. 

4.  //  muil  thargt  Ikt  ftnoH  a.cmstj  wit  A 
(kt  etmrnmion  0/  a  ftlony  »r  muJ/mt.moi' ; 
for  thii  put|HM«,  the  charge  mu»t  cuntain  a 
certain  <ie«:ripliun  of  the  felony  or  miidemeanor 
of  which  the  defendant  it  accuied,  ami  a  ilaie- 
ineni  nf  the  fact*  by  which  it  ii  cuniiiiuied,  lu  oa 
lo  identify  the  accu<alion.* 

5.  A  miistSt  im  tkt  EtvHsk  Uttf^agt ;  but 
if  any  document  in  a  (oreiirn  Iniiguage  be 
necewarily  introduced,  it  should  be  set  out  in 
the  original  tongue,  and  then  translated,  show- 
ing iu  application.* 

0.  //  muil  tt  tuhttrHid  by  the  accuser. 

7.  //  m»ut  t*  sworn  t«  before  an  ofHcer 
rjihorised  to  admininter  an  oath. 

Tha  formal  raquiaitao  of  an  aocuaatlon 
era: 

1.  7X#  vtntu  mutt  ahtmyt  t*  ImU  in  the 
county  where  the  oflcnce  has  been  committed, 
ilthottgh  the  charge  be  in  its  nature  transitory, 
ss  a  battery.'  The  venue  is  stated  in  the  mar- 
gin, thus  I  "  State  of , County,  sa." 

a.  Th»  nttt*  »/  tk*  dtftniani;  but  in  case 
an  error  has  been  made  in  this  respect,  it  is 
cured  by  the  plea  of  thn  defendant,*  and  the 
facts  are  entered  accordingly. 

3.  7»#  tuHHtt  0/  Ikitrj  ftn»mt,  when  they 
must  be  necessarily  mentioned  in  the  complaint, 
•hould  be  stated  with  auch  certainty  as  to 
sufficiently  inform  the  defendant  who  are  hi* 
accttsera.  When,  however,  the  names  of  third 
pcnons  cannot  be  ascertained,  it  fa  anfficient. 
In  some  cases,  to  sUte  •'  a  certain  person  or 
pnsoas  to  tbfa  affiant  unknown."* 

4.  Tht  titmt  wkm  tk*  tiftmtt  mu  nttmitltd 
should.  In  Mneial,  be  stated  to  ba  on  a  speciiic 
year  and  day;*  biit,  though  it  fa  neceaaaiy  that 
a  day  eeitaia  ahonldba  atated  in  tba  conplaiat, 
yet,  in  geneiaL  tba  prosecutor  ai^  |^ve 
evidenoa  of  aa  ownca  committed  on  any  ouier 
day  prtvions  to  tba  making  of  the  accasatiaB.* 

5.  Tkt  tfmtt  tkmtbi  it fnptrfy  tUttriM. 
And,  aa  a  Beaeral  rale,  it  fa  sufficient  to  de- 
scribe tba  oBinoa  fai  tba  words  of  the  statnta. 

Tba  vhola  lacfa  of  tha  case  necessary  to 
make  it  appear  jadicially  to  the  eooit  that  the 
accuser  baa  aone  npoa  sufficient  premises, 
ihouldbaaatmtb}  bvt  tbere  shoald  ba  no  an- 
necessary  atatter,  nor  anything  which,  on  iu 
face,  auikaa  tha  aecviatioa  repaipant,  farnon- 
tistent,  or  aboard. 

The  ofieaca  mast  not  ba  stated  In  tba  dfa- 
junctirei  aa,  that  the  dafimdant  committed,  «r 
canaed  to  ba  aoaimittad,  ate,  so  as  to  leave  it 

w-Camjm;  •  Rah H. Or.  ifc:  iBtaa.snsId. 
mj:  48.  *  R.  iM!'  •  M.  «•:  «MMHr.  n.  ^one. 
30I  i  4  CnMck.  iff-    S4T.  K.  i&.    r-Hawk.  PI.  Cr. 


or.Mii  aCkP.  IMi  ^le  eeaw  aOwtaa.  m  hi  pn^ 
Jiwy.UM  datmuM  be  >richa>v  tmtd, «  Waafc.  C.  C. 
P*.   •■s9.mlk.»»ttm*t1i.tif:  iChh^Cr.  L, 


uncertain  nn  what  it  fa  Intended  to  rely  aa  an 
accttnation.* 

Tha  folkiwing  nilea  ahould  ba  obaarved 
in  drawing  an  accuaation : 

I.  A'fr^  mtar  tkt  words  tf  Ik*  tttttutt. — The 
pleader  mutt  keep  reaaonably  near  the  wordt 
of  ihe  ttalule,  or  tnere  will  be  a  variance,  and 
on  thia  ground  the  accuaation  will  be  defective.* 

a.  Ntgativ*  ttvtrmtHts  lo  tkow  uffirmmtivth 
""  *f*^t*- — No  accuiation  it  tufficienl  which 
r.jlcges  an  act  or  omiwinn  in  ittcif  innocent, 
iinleM  it  proceed  lu  diacliwe  circumstances 
which  render  such  act  or  omintion  illegal.' 

It  is  not  ncceiaary  that  the  negative  aver- 
ments should  be  made  In  strict  conformity  to 
the  exact  wordt  of  the  liatutet  whatever 
amounts  toa  tutwiantlal  negative  it  tufficient.* 

An  unneccttary  negative  will  be  rejected  as 
surplusage;  it  needs  no  pro<^f. 

3.  If  Iktrt  is  an  txttption  in  tkt  tntttting 
tiautt  of  Ikt  slatult,  the  party  pleading  mutt 
show  that  the  defendant  it  not  within  the  ex- 
ception ;  Smt  if  Iktrt  kt  an  exception  in  m  tnk- 
stfttemt  t/aust,  or  0  inhstquent  tlalult,  that  fa 
matter  of  defence,  and  it  to  be  shown  by  the 
other  piriy.^ 

4.  Mntltrt  of  tltftntt  art  ntvtr  ntctttary  im 
am  aeeMsatioH. 


JN«  Midi  CoaaleMloa  of  aei 
Aa«M«*tioii. 

"—  county,  aa. 


A.  D , 

did  than 


XTi.,  heliif  duly  ewom,  says : 

That  C.  D..en  the 4ay  of  - 

la  the  eenn^  of ,  an4  Suta  of 

and  that*  nnliawftilly  (*r  Uoaioualy.  ate),  (ktrt  tit- 

tttbacriM  ana  awarn  to,  bafora  me,  thia 

day  af ,  A.  D .       M.  ». .  Mm^r\, 

J.  P.,  j*w7*v  ^ikt  ^msiZ. 

SealNDicnnNT;  iKPoanATioN,  below. 

Amtmdmtnt  ofAemtatiom.—'n*  accusation, 
the  accused  beiug  present  and  consenting,  may, 
of  coarse,  ba  amended  to  an  extent  to  whicb  it 
fa  not  aasy  to  set  limiU;*  or  if  the  evidence 
satiifieo  tba  magistrate  that  a  crime  diflerant 
from  the  one  chumd  agnimit  the  prisoner  baa 
been  committed  by  him,  he  may  bold  Mm 
antil  a  fresh  accusation  fa  drawn,  covering  the 
crime  as  proved^  In  thfa  case  the  prisoner 
fa  held  on  the  orighial  accusation,  which, 
nnder  such  circumstances,  the  magistrate  fa  not 
boand  to  dismiss  antil  the  jaoper  aecasaHoo  fa 
made  aninot  bim.  But  if  a  person  knotm  to 
the  magbtrata  happens  to  be  in  bfa  court,  and 
ha  sttspecii  an  ahaent  paiaoa  baa  aa  accusation 
to  nudw  againat  bim  fiir  a  misdemeanor,  be 
cannot  detain  him  and  send  for  the  person. 
The  aMgistiata  should  have  the  charge  actually 
made  before  be  detaina  the  party.'  Unless  it 
be  for  a  fehmy. 


iHaw)u,4<B.     ** 


PI.  Max,  Thnt;  17  Waqd.  4791  • 


^ 


H    I*  H 


.i^mw  ■■ii>i'M>»4 


LAW. 


It 

: 
if 


ill' 


AcDOlTrAL  k  •  <l«llv«ranc«  from  the  ch«rg« 
if  an  oflbnc*.  A  ju<llci*t  d«cr««  oC  Innocmc*, 
If  •  indliif  of  Iha  court,  or  the  Ttrdict  of  • 
jury.  AcqttlluU  In  fact  arc  IhoM  wh«r«  upon 
lh«  trial  th«  dafandani  It  pronouncad  innocani 
nf  tb«  oAanca  with  which  he  U  chargad.  Ac- 
c|uiilala  In  law  ara  th<«ia  which  laka  pl«c«  Ijy 
oparmtinii  of  law,  a*  whert  on«i  la  <:l>»l«<i  a» 
an  accaaaory  or  accomplice,  and  Iha  principal 
ia  acqvluad.'  An  ac<|a(iial  i>y  a  court  of  cum 
patent  juriadicllon  U  a  Ur  to  any  proaacullon 
titr  the  offtnca  alleged  In  the  firtt  accuaation. 
or  for  any  inferior  degree  thereof. 

An  ADMOHinoH  It  a  renrimand  from  a 
j«^  to  a  peraon  accuied,  on  being  diachargetl, 
warning  him  of  the  conieauencaa  of  hi*  con- 
duct, and  Intimating  to  him  that  ahould  he 
n»  again  fiiilty  of  the  Mme  fault  for  which  he 
(■  admonUhed.  he  will  be  puniahed  with  graalar 
tertrily." 

AlWLTMATlON  in  the  unlawful  act  of  cor- 
nipting,  or  debating,  or  rendering  an  article 
imnirt  and  unwholeaome.  Converting  a  pure 
and  gmuine  article  Into  aomeihing  of  lata 
valM  for  the  punwte  of  deceit  aud  gain,  aa  an 
adtttlamtiaa  of  food  or  drink, 

AlwlTSftY  ia  the  voluntary  aeinal  inter- 
co«iM  of  a  married  nenon  with  a  peraoa  other 
than  the  oflSnider'a  hnitband  or  wire.*  Viola- 
tion of  tbemarriafw  bed;  a  civil  iniary  and 
ctim«  which  introducea  or  may  inlrodnoa  into 
•  iusUy  illagitimat*  or  tpuriou*  offtpting.  It  ia 
a  aimiiial  a4fcnicc,  punUh«ble  by  fin*  or  im- 
uriaoMMntt  or  both* 

ArviAT  it  a  fight  betwem  two  or  mora  per- 
iom,  1^  agreement,  in  a  public  place.*  No 
qaandwMM  or  threatening  wonit  will  amount 
to  an  aihnr.'  there  mutt  hav«  beaM  a  fight,  and 
in  a  pabllc  place,  for  fighting  in  private  it 
waaalt  and  battery,  and  not  an  affray-* 

AmoNT  i*  uncivil  encaantart  111  tieat- 
menti  inault;  ofTencei  oi|!lrage.  Anything 
contemptnooa  or  reproachful  that  cMitea  or  Jua- 
tifiea  reacntmeni,  aa  font  langvaM  or  pcnonal 
aboaa.  It  ntualiy  axpmaaa  a  laaa  dj^prea  of 
iihnaa  than  inanit,' 

M  It  appeara  probable  Oat  jttdidal  comhat  waa 
txiginally  permitted  in  order  to  determine  the 
pointa  reapccting  perianal  character  o#  rtpnU- 
tion  of  individnait,  and  waa  aftcrwarda  ex- 
tfnded  not  only  to  criminal  caaea  but  to  quea- 
tioM  coocaming  property.  Thua  i  If  any  man 
thall  lay  to  another  theae  reproachful  worda  i 
<  Von  an  not  a  tarn  equal  to  other  awnt*  or, 
•Ym  havt  not  the  heart  of  snani'  and  tht 
ethar  dudl  replyi  '  I  am  aa  good  a 


you.'    Let  them  meet  upon  tba  hif^huray.    If 


iw  who  fiiat  gave  offtncu 


',  UAd  the  iptr- 


aspear, 
aon  offcttdeJ  abacnt  UnwelU^  the  !  iter  be 
deemed  a  wone  man  Aan  he  woi  called;  let 
him  not  be  admitted  to  gtvu  evidence  ia  judg- 

■B'WartliRavnt.     •-Jitliep 


l»K. 


Ce.  ad  laM.  .  . 
r.ftD.f  «•$!  * 


iM 


^tJI&5l.'ft&:& 


ment,  either  for  man  or  womnn  i  and  let  hlir. 
ntA  haw  Ihe  privilege  uf  miking  n  Iciumciii. 
If  ha  who  gav*  iha  offiinca  lie  abaent,  and  only 
th«  paraon  uAemlcd  tie  ;ir«Mnt,  etc.,  than  ie' 
him  who  ahaenlad  himtelf  lie  deemed  infa 
mou*,  becanaa  he  uilered  w<MriU  he  durat  not 
luppiMt.  If  both  appear,  jirouerly  armed,  and 
the  penon  offtmlrJ  thtll  fall  In  the  combat, 
let  a  half  compeniutilun  lie  ;>al<l  far  hi*  death. 
But  if  Ihe  penon  who  gave  offence  thall  fall, 
let  it  be  imputed  to  hi*  own  raahneia.  'The 
pstulance  o*  hi*  tongue  htth  li<en  fatal  to 
him.'  Let  him  lie  In  the  licld  without  anv 
compenaation  being  demandetl  for  hit  death.'  • 
Thit  mode  of  tettlement  in  mraiern  timet  Mdien 
the  form  of  the  duel,  a  |«ractice  without  aanctlon 
of  law  or  morale,  and  prohibited  under  h-uvy 
penaltiea.  By  Ihe  lawa  of  the  Haliant,  if  anv 
peraon  called  another  a  "  Airv  "  U  *.,  a  limUl, 
cowardly  fellow),  or  accu««d  him  of  havinK 
left  hli  ahiatd  on  the  ficM  of  battle,  ha  waa  or- 
dained to  pay  a  large  fine.*  So,  if  one  called 
another  "bmUm"  (a  Urm  of  reproach  equiva- 
lent to  "  Arrm,"  below),  he  w»»  Uwnd  to  pay 
a  high  fine.*  And  by  the  law  of  the  Lorn- 
barda,  if  one  called  another  "Area"  {i.  #.,  a 
good-for-nothing  Mlow),  he  might  immediately 
cdallenge  him  to  combat.'  Court*  Military 
and  Chivaliy,  aa  court*  of  honor,  were  to  give 
aalialactian  to  auch  aa  were  aggrieved  on 
that  point ;  a  point  of  a  nature  ao  nice  and 
delicata  that  it*  wrong*  and  iniuriea  eacapa  the 
notice  of  the  common  law,  and  vet  are  fit  to  be 
redrciaad  somewhere.  Such,  for  inttance,  a* 
calling  a  man  a  coward,  or  the  more  modem 
villifying  cpliheti,  or  giving  him  Ihe  lie;  they 
art  productiva  of  no  Immediate  damage  to  hit 
pcrtoa  or  property,  yet  they  are  auch  injuries 
aa  will  procBpt  evaiy  ann  of  nirit  to  demand 
tauM  honorable  amcnda.*  Tha  ttatulea  ol 
many  of  tha  Stataa  tidia  cogaitance  of  ihc*e 
offmooi  in  aome  general  farm. 

AvotnuotKUiT  ia  premedilauon.  It  It  the 
length  of  tfam  during  which  tba  accuMd  has  en 
tertained  tha  thou^  of  eoaunittihg  the  ofiltoc^. 
The  kmglk  of  than  Is  not  veiy  mattrial,  pro- 
vided ha  has  la  fiMt  ealflrUlnad  auch  ttmnht 
orprtmadHatloa;  ha  is  tharaby  randercd  crhn- 
iMd  ia  a  greater  dagrat  than  if  ha  had 


mF^mi*^^;m 


mittcd  the  oflbaoa  vIUkM  prcmaditation.* 

AooaATAium  is  tha  act  or  quality  *of  in 
creasiuf  aaoimity,  halaoasnms,  saverity,  or 
wrong.  Ia  criminal  actioaa  one  of  tha  rafet 
respMdaf  vaiiaaoas  k,  that  cuasnhtive  allttga- 
tkMB,  or  sudi  as  BMraly  4Mra4r  <u  4«ynnw'te. 
ara  iaameiial,  provided  that  saSdeat  ia  paovcd 
to  estaUMh  tha  taaw  (Uht.  oflenea.  or  Juitifica- 
tioa  iadndad  fai  tha  Aatga,  data,  or  deHmce 
satw.  Tha  rata  f«m  through  tha  wholucttai 
aal  iaw,  that  it  is  faivaiiahly  aaongh  to  prove  «o 
■mdk  or  tha  dMoya  aa  ahoirs  that  tha  dafandant 


eoa^Cr. 


..      i,a.j6.    «;VMef<r 
■•Id,  1 1.     V-Vida  iff. 


'■mmmtmimm 


ill  nr  womnn  i  and  1«l  tilm 
^l[«  of  Mi.ikiii|{  n  IcMamtiii. 
ollcnc*  !>•  atiMnl,  and  only 
i  b«  ;ir«*cnl,  ««t.,  lh«ii  If 
hlnvMlf  Im  dtcinvd  infft 
illereil  wofit*  he  durtt  n<>( 

rm»t,  iiriHWfly  annad,  •ml 
ihall  rail  in  lh«  combal, 
iiiiHi  l)«  |Mil<l  for  hi«  daath. 
who  gave  4>ll'cncc  (hall  fall, 
u  hi*  own  raahntM.  '  The 
onguc  haih  li««n  fatal  (u 
I  In  th«  field  wlihoHt  anv 
;  d«inan<le<l  fur  hit  dmth.  * 
ment  in  mraicrn  limM  tiJit* 
I,  a  practica  wilhoMianctlon 
jid  pruhiliiicd  under  h'Mvy 
lawi  of  lh«  Baliana,  if  anv 
mrfktir*"  f /.  #„  a llmid. 
or  accuned  him  of  havlnii 
•  (ie'd  of  baitle,  ha  waa  or- 
M  fine.'  So,  if  on«  called 
(a  Urm  of  reproach  eqiiWa- 
low),  he  Wi*  bound  to  pay 
1  by  the  law  of  the  Lonv 
kI  another  "^rea"  (/.  /.,  a 
How),  he  mighiTmmediaiely 
combat.*  Conrta  Military 
Miif«  of  honor,  were  to  give 
ii  aa  were  aggrieved  on 
It  of  a  nature  to  nice  and 
mgt  and  iniuriet  eacap*  the 
on  law,  ana  vet  are  fit  to  be 
ne.  Such,  for  inttance,  ai 
ward,  or  the  more  modem 
or  giving  him  the  lie]  tber 

0  imaMdiate  damage  to  hU 
,  ]pct  tbejr  wc  Mch  injuricfi 
ly  mm  of  nirit  to  demand 
mcnda.*     the  itatatea  ol 

1  take  cogniunce  of  thew 
meru  Nfm* 

'  ItpmMdilatMM.  It  la  the 
ig  which  tb«  aceiMd  haa  m- 
htoreoMmlttingthe  diknat. 
«  ia  iMt  vciy  material,  pro- 
ct  aatcrUiiMd  each  ikwighi 
Im  ii  ttaraby  randcrtd  am- 
iam^  Umii  if  ha  bad  rxm- 
vIumM  prcmaditatlon.* 
b  tba  act  or  qaality  'of  in 
,  IwlnuMnm,  tavarfty,  or 
at  acUoaa  ooa  of  tba  nfei 
■  It,  tlmt  camaktiva  aUtega- 

vidcd  Owl  aalMenl  ia  piavcd 
te  rMM,  offmae,  or  JoaUfiea- 
ha  tMugt,  daim,  or  dalimce 
BM  tbioa^  tba  iHioia  ctfani 
BvariaUy  anoogb  to  prowa  to 
I  aadwwatbattba  dafandani 

l%r  w^Me  jQf. 
CanMt.lo4.s4aa 


r.i|ii 


LAW. 


4lS 


rommlMed  a  tiibata.ilive  crime  therein  tpeci 
(i«.l.»    Thua,  on  an  indidmenl  for  murder,  the 
|>rt»oner  atay  he  convlcletl  of  manalaughler.  for 
ih«  averment  of  malice  aforethought  la  meraly 
matter  of  i^gravation.* 

AiiMMO  AND  ABBTTiNa  ia  the  act  i4  being  in 
luch  communication,  and  to  tilualed  during 
the  perpetration  of  a  crime,  aa  lo  rtadily  aid  the 
parpetratofa  thereof.  Actual  |>rr««nie  it  not 
neceaaaryi  it  ia  tufllcient  if  no  situated  aa  to 
come  readily  to  the  anaitiancr  of  hit  fellowt.* 
Although  not  the  direct  |*et|M>traior  of  a  crime, 
yet  If  the  perMNt  be  preaeni  at  itt  committion 
doing  aome  act  to  render  ai<l  to  the  perpetrator 
thereof  be  la,  in  contemplation  of  the  law.  aa 
aider  and  abettor.* 

A  to  AMD  coMroRT  ia  ataiatance  or  encoar- 
tgeniant.  either  by  fumiahing  Mrength  or  meana 
to  e«fc«  a  parpoae,  or  to  prevent  or  remove 
evil.  Treaton  againtt  tba  Uaitad  Statao  thall 
contltl  only  in  levying  war  againat  them,  or  In 
tdhcriqg  to  thair  aneatiaa,  giving  thaw  aid  and 
comfort.* 

AMUciMtNTb  tba  oacaaiary  penalty  or  fine 
Impoacd  apon  aa  oAnder  by  a  Jadidal  tribunal. 

AMNnTV  U  an  act  of  oblivion  i  a  general 
pardon  of  the  offincea  of  aabfada  againtt  the 
government,  and  aaaally  npon  condition  that 
ihrv  retam  to  tbair  allegiance  within  a  given 
period.  It  ii  tba  proclaaMtlon  of  ancb  act. 
Ainnealy  la  oilhar  axpraaa  or  impliad,  gaaeral 
or  limited  i  expraaa  when  in  direct  teram  j  im- 
plied when  it  raaulta  fraa  a  tiaaty  of  peace  made 
between  tba  contandlagprniieat*  general  when 
it  applim  to  aUt  liaiitad  whan  certain  clataaa 
are  eacladad  froaa  te  ofiaradon.  It  diflen 
from  pardon,  Car  pardon  la  given  to  one  who  it 
certainly  gillty,  or  haa  baan  aonvictad.  while 
■mneiNy  k  gtvan  to  Ihoaa  who  mv  have  been 
**':  ^T!r^!«*»«««f»k«««»wraltn  power 
whoea  objact  to  to  aftea  and  oaaea  a  er&a  or 
mitdemaanor  to  U  fimot^  S  ^aidon  ii  tho  act 

law  appUaa  for  tha  arfaaa  ha  te  rifilHiil' 
FVurdon  mrita  anart  ortha  whala  of  pnatoh- 
TAf*?^-  AinaitydartrayathealfiMtof 
the  criminal  act.  Fwdontogivantoiadivldaab 
titer  convicliiw  Amaarty  to  giaalad  '^hn 
beforaaraAar.       ^^      '^ 

AMonowtothannkwfMI  taUw  af  paiaonat 
prapeity  Ml  of  tha  poaMMianofaa  ownar,  ar 
of  ana  who  hat  a  apadal  aathoiity  fai  thank 

AMmor  AMnoN.    8aalMTBmoii,halMr. 

AUAnmnirT  to  tha  cei  of  caDing  n  dated- 
ant  baiwa  tha  aonrt  or  IribwMl  to  answer  to  the 
Mcntalltm,  ehana.  or  taapaarhmant  aoMainad 
m  dm  jnfctnmdan  or  itidictmanl. 

AnaignaMnt   aawfatoi    i.  fa  aaUiag  tha 


pritoner  Iwfore  the  conrt  (or  the  purpote  of 
identifying  him  aa  the  peraon  charged  in  the 
information  or  indiament  with  the  committion 
of  the  offence.'  ».  In  reading  the  information 
<ir  indidment  to  the  accuaed  In  order  to  enable 
him  fully  to  underaiand  the  charge  againat  bim.t 
J.   In  ailiing  the  Dria4mer,  "  How  im  yon,"  w 

"  ^.^  ^.^••'X"'  ^  R- '  •*•  yoa  f«%  or  not 
galllyr*  Thereupon,  If  the  pritooerconfctaea 
the  charge,  and  it  apoeara  to  the  taliafaction  of 
the  court  that  he  fully  comprehenda  the  effcct 
of  hit  plea  of  "|ullty."  be  at  once,  or  afttv 
hearinji  each  evidence  at  he  may  raquire,  »,, 
after  deliberation,  pronouncw  Jadgment.  If, 
however,  he  antwen  "  not  guilty,"  ibto  |de«  ia 
enterml  of  record,  and  Ibrma  the  iaaaa  for  trial. 
If  be  faib  to  anawer.  or  cannot  or  will  not  an- 
twer,  the  court  order*  a  piaaof  "  not  milty  " 
entered  in  bit  bebdif. 

When  the  ofKmce  charged  ia  pnniababie  by 
fine  only,  pertonal  appearance  for  arraignment 
It  unneceatary,  provided  aonae  raaponaibie  per- 
aon appeara  in  bia  behalf. 

Aaanr  to  tba  tahiiw  of  a  penon  into  cut- 
tody  that  ha  may  be  held  to  anawar  far  a  pnUic 
ontnca. 

An  arraat  to  tba  taking,  attaching,  or  leiting 
a  perton  or  thing,  either  by  a  jpnVBc  officer  in 
execution  of  the  command  of^wma  ooart,  or 
minitter  of  juttice, or  by  n  private  penon,  accord- 
ing to  tha  comntand  or  perattoaion  of  tba  law.' 
An  arraat  to  made  by  an  actaal  raelraint  of 
tba  per»Ni  of  the  defendant,  or  by  bto  tuhmU- 
tiontotbacttitodyoftbaoilicenJ  The  aneat- 
ing  of  aa  offcnder  and  tha  retaking  of  him  on 
freah  nnraait  aAer  an  cacapa  oonatitntca  bat  one 
eflectfva  arrtit.' 

An  oCcer  muat  inform  the  defendant  that  be 
acta  ander  tha  aaihority  of  a  warrant,  and 
matt  thow  tha  warrant  if  raqairad.' 

If,  mn  notice  of  intention  to  arraat  the  de- 
fendant, ha  either  flae  or  forcibly  raatot,  the 
oncer  may  naa  all  naoeaaaiy  maaat  to  aflact 
tba  arratt.* 

To  oonatitnte  an  arraat  it  to  not  ordinarily 
taAcientthatwordaofarnatbeapdient  there 
moat  ba  aomathing  dona  by  way  of  actaal  phya- 
ical  raatraint,  though  it  to  anongh.  if  tha  party 
anrcatlng  toach  tba  other  "  even  with  tha  «id 
of  bto  linger."-  So.  if  a  bailiff  oomaa  into  a 
room,  and  talto  the  defendant  ha  anaata  him, 
and  locka  Oa  door,  that  to  aa  arraat)  for  ha  to 
in  cnatody  of  tha  oficar.*  So,  atoo,  tf  dmra 
to  nafthar  a  touching  of  tha  peraon,  nor  other 
forca  ampioyad  hi  tha  Int  fawtanca,  yet,  if  • 
tha  party  to  haarraated  aofanate  on  babg  ini 
formei  of  tha  faitanded  ariaat,  aolhiiw  ama  to 
rcqairad,  aapadally  whan  ha  to  in  tha  power 
of  tha  aOcar,  to  ataka  tha  anatt  caniiiMa.r 


I 


.')• 


LAW. 


Ttiw  I  If  itia  Mlltff,  whtt  >Ma  immii 
oiM,  M7«  lo  Mm,  wMn  h«  !•  on  twinalwcti  ot 
til  «  Mack.  *•  S<m  iLH  my  prtoan«r,  I  hav*  ■ 
wHt  Mniiwi  yov."  ■{>«••  wkkk  Im  MliMtia. 
Mrnt  bMk,  o*  fo«  wUli  Mm.  ikmigk  Um  bailiff 
M«w  iBMthRl  M«.  jr«  U  i»  •«  •rrm,  hacaiMM 
ha  tabwIWi  1  to  Um jpraeaMi  bat  W  laMaad  .il 
fotat  wMi  «lM  bailMr;  Im  ka4  rma  or  IM  rr«mt 
llairil  aoaM  ba  wt  arraM  aalaa  iIm  baiNff  lakl 
baUorUai.* 
IUrtniinl4oaa  M«  alaaa  eoMlinta  aa  avraMi 
lli  llM  daty  oT  UM  Making  to  anaM  anoikar 
Id  HMka  Ma  parpwa  kaowa/  antaa  dw  «tr 
aaawtaiwaa  ara  aaak  aa  to  lawlar  Oia  pamaa 
oMawi*  Ibr.  arkaia  dwaaMtawoai  ara  aaai  a* 
to  aalM  At  laMaHoa  to  a|ifiikiait  plal*  lu 
<ba  ataia  of  bte  wlw  Is  to  ba  iffwliwliil.  ka 
naa4  Mt  ba  taM  iMat  «Ml  ttM  amal  win  b« 


laNBl.  aa4  tkariatitoBta  af  iM  aimmpawaw 
lllavil,  *a  aaM  aa  tf  dM  pMpoaa  bad  baaa 


InaraNli.* 
■aktag  aM 

ftoUnca.*     llwagk  tba  aA«ar 

I  aaiUbat  bi  ordar  to  aarva 

*  fit  kt  taint  dftg  akaal  or 


Ha 


Maf 

hfaB 

■irlballM 

daiad  ■leiwnr  ^  Mi  mtmmm.* 

mabaaN  ti  m  MMh  ibna  at  |i  aiuiMiy  to 

aaooMfdhk  Mi  4llaa^  an*  aaMMl  ba  auda 

llabta 

lafikabMr, 


vIolaMe."  CMaam  af  Ika  taw,  irha«  mitH»d 
In  tba  parfbnMM*  af  iMir  daifaa.  M  MvaMad 

Aad.  «■  dw  adwr  MmmI.  tf  dw  fmtf  baving 
wwb  aalbeiHT,  m  aaaritalag  H  !■■>  wl|.  hKfpm 
tobakinad.}tirn  ba  aMndar hi aH iMla ttka 


part  la  aawi  iwtalaariir  ihoMAi  dwn  ba  ao 
iaalloa.*  Aa  a«aar  it  |«iriiaS;  «bo»  la  Um 
ataeadaa  «r  Ml  a«w.  atdwr  hi  a  cItO  a^ariai- 
inal  CM^UAi  a  aaiaaa  «b&  Maalli  and  ra- 
tlHiUak  TharaaCMwawtttjMiUyikaaaaar 
la  praaaatfiwM  dM  taH  aMmahjr.  80  dwt, 
la  &  aHatTwhilMr  «M1  ar  aif-*-  '  -"— 
MW  hMi«aiittMNil)>loaR«« 
aiiai  dw  ri«p«rlwaaa  Ibr  dwt 
aalMad  hi  aa  Mib  dwy  mmt  nl 

a*RmuaadMi<«M««abaih|  aadlTtbe 
mSiv  iiililiim  gaaaytltolthmad 
I  iiimMi.  *b  tialiilli  it  laiHiilli.* 
■at  «flwM  a  M^ 'M  aal  nhM.  bat  awralv 
■tat  t»  a«aM  S  wiMt.  tht  aMda«  «r  Aa  off- 


ai« 


In  dw  aaaa  af  a  braaab  *i  Ik*  paoca.  or  inr 
Mhar  ailtdaaitawor,  •kort  ul  hUmy,  if  iha  odk 
car  tkoald  iwnaa  a  daf«n<Uni  Utrtng  ta  ar<1*i 
to  atraid  aa  arrati.  aad  •koaM  kill  Mn  la  lk« 
pMiaatt,  iMa  will  ba  aaardar  or  aMHMhiagkttr, 
MoonHng  to  (k«  drcaaMtoaii—  kr  wbiah  vuh 
komklda  aMjr  ka«a  baaa  aM«iMlaii> 

If  a  ntoa  la  ooatwtotwg  a  hUmj,  mi  an 
oAaar  attaatpu  to  armi  Mai,  pn  ka  rant 
•wajr,  aad  Ika  oAaar  ealb  on  khn  to  Mao.  if  k« 
will  not  tlop,  (ka  oilcar  U  )u«illUd  in  •&.« 
at  Ma  to 
fa 
tkla( 


lot  tlop,  (ka  oilcar  U  )u«illUd  in  •k.wilnji 
I  to  oaatnal  klia  to  •'•>t>(  but  if  ika  of 
la  a  ailaitf  aaaor, ka  kaa  ae  ii|^  tolAk* 


», 


Whaaa  dw  anati  bat  actaally 
wbatkar  fer  Maay  or  Bii«d«ni«anor.  ^  ^Jf""- 
MM  ammtH  *  trtmk  m*^,  ka  may  ba  kllltil 


lt.1 


to  prarani  It.  fwMdad  Ikto  aatraaM  1 


Wkara  dwia  la  aa  aitawfl  ai  ta  antawfal 
arraat,  aa,  fcr  lattanaa,  wkara  an  oAcar  andar. 
tokat  la  anait  wMkoal  a  wMrranl.  and  not  on 
fraak  panalt,  ona  wkoaa  crlwa  It  no  mala  Ikan 
a  atlidawiaaar,  dW  paiiaa  aa  wImm  ika  ai- 
toaiai  hi  aaada  atav  tewAilly  raaiat.  ikoagk  net 
to  tU  (aking  of  lUbf  aail  If,  hi  Mcfc  laaitt 
aaaa.  ka  takat  dw  alkWt  Mb.  kit  eriaw  will 
only  ba  waatlaagMar.'  So,  Uw  porwa  (kat 
anlawA^  amUad  It  JaMilad  hi  atcaping  If 
ka  aaeft  aad  an  aMaaiM  to  f»aiian  kin  will 
baai|aallfaaiewM«rhlidwdnla(taai.»    Bni 


hiwhldi,tftiwpafw>n 
atiaatod  whailli.  Iwiwdfia  aa  obtaatloa  wbkk 
ka  wAM.  lata  takaai  aad  hi  dnaa  «tat«a«- 
aiaaeaa,lw  kai  aa  lUbl  allMfward  to  aiaifM.> 

Oaa  Wfhw  laMily  aT  aa  ai 
riwaM  tiaat  MM  imM,  bat  ak.w  avaa 


whakMaMtaMMraadManaat  May  tia  Mat 
tf  ddita  aiiimryt  aad  wban  aa  odkwr  act* 
IwMtllr  aad  Aom  aara  Mod«aa,  ba  hi  to  ba 
hhaadf  *a  toll  JadgvcfdM  aar  wily  of  tach 

a m\  M  dda;   If,  ihaa»  kavtag  amtM 

Iha  BriMMrhNrMly.  tba  taMav  biaaha  a««gr, 
ha  aw  Niaha  MMaMwai  Miy  Math  waMiat.* 
aiUllll  a««a  «haM  dw  aMaar  hM  aaMMiMd 
tadwaaaa|w.> 

ABhwr  wmiowt  a  WAUuirr. 

Bv  drAwO  ftTMm.  M  Mmin  mi  *» 
mmm.  UdwoffcaaabMhiaatatbaiaMB- 
Mhtod.  aad  a  ptlvaM  yaiaaa  baa  taatiatMi 
eaaaa  la  Miaatct  a  aaidaafaw  {paiaaa  M  ha  tnflty 
of  Ht  aMMMMtaa,  Iw  wiqr,  iMhig  hi  'faad Hhb, 


raack  et  ilM  pMc*.  or  tnf 
,  •k»f1  ul  (•lony,  If  lh«  <i4h 

•  4«f«ii^n<  flri"g  t*  orttoi 
uM  alMMM  kill  Mm  In  Um 

•  Mttniar  or  wwmlaiiglHOT, 
rcwMlMNM*  l>v  wMek  Mch 
i  bMN  MI«imIm> 

I  •nr««i  kiin,  ]r«(  M  ran* 
»r  c«lb  on  kliii  to  Mae.  If  K* 
Amt  b  )u*ilA*<l  Hi  tli<MKini( 
Ntoi  m  f'tfi  t  but  if  Ik*  of 

UM,  Im  ImI  M  riglM  10  lAk* 


N  kaa  MtMlIf  bMn 
or  nltdaiiimiKif ,  (j^  ^f"^ 
•A  MNQ*.  Im  may  (m  killol 
lad  Uila  mummm  itwr*  t* 

m  ^mmfi  ai  •«  «nki«r«l 
Mt,  wiMra  M  oAcar  «mdtr 

iMMrt  •  WWVMIt,  and  IM(  On 

vImim  criHM  k  no  hmM  ilMn 
•  fMW*  Ml  wkem  iIm  ai 
r  bwAiny  nntol,  tkoagli  Mt 
fci*  Mid  tf,  hi  well  raitst' 
•Ami'*  Mb.  Mi  criiM  will 
lllw.'  So,  Om  iwrwHi  fkmt 
I  It  jMMMtd  I*  McaplHC  t> 
MMapl  to  i»MWM  km  will 
I  wkk  «k«  dm  Mra«l>    B«i 

MM  ia  KlAIdH  tf  tiM  IMfMHI 

•wahrw  mi  P^M»to«  wkkk 
iMi  Mid  In  lfe«w  oirMm- 

Ml( 


iff  Jwfnpfi^  flUl  OW>w 

Im  wmi  ■•¥  tto  Wm 


I  Mm  aoriVM 
ivinMll  Mijr  MM 

IMldM«ilMrhM 


iM  it  le  b« 

MMf  of  MMk 


rmiooT  A  WAkftAirr. 
3MM.     /•  /'*"<«  «■■■>'  I** 

MM  SMM  nl  MMV  CMi* 


OM^lMr  MfWii  «•  Im  flaOty 
Wmy.M£itfaH»«dimh. 


UW. 


■itwt  lack  MfHNi  I  and  !«  wOl  not  h«  tUliU, 
«Uh«r  in  •  cUII  Of  criminal  (irtiMculinn,  tiuMM 
iKa  MMokloN  pmv*  anruiiiMlMl .■  Rui  tf  ika 
Makaa 


MM.  k« 


n««  in  Kuit  bMm  c«imm1ii*<1  by  any 
may  ba  c<hii|wII«4,  on  a  civil  luii,  lo 
pay  iaMagw  to  ika  pafty  arraMad.  kowarar 
MriNif  or  r«U(t«al)la  May  kava  twaa  ki»  »u»^ 
ci<Ma>  Ami  ilw»«  raUa  axiand  to  all  kilotiiaa, 
avrn  lo  p«*li  larcanjr.* 

Wka«  a  crteM  ia  a  fahmy,  dta  hw  aiali  anon 
all  parMMa  praaani  ika  daly  to  iMlia  Ika  arraai. 
li  la  aiao  a  daiy  at  pf  aeiaaly  dM  mmw  suiura 
to  iMarfm  to  pravaiM  Ika  OMwuiMton  of  a 
fclam  tm  Iraaum,  and  Ikia  dm*  carrlw  wtlk  to 
Ika  rifkti  coMMiaanlly,  Ikoiigh  an  a«aMfi«  to 
aonmil  a  fcloay  U  a  MladaaMMior,  and  not  a 
Mottj.  yM  If  a  Man  HiMte  aiMMkar  attawpilflc  to 
cuMMk  a  falwiy.  ka  May  arraai  k'.M.r 

la  MMaaMMwra,  a  prlvala  tMrao*.  or  an 
oMoar  •€*!«§  wlikoat  a  wamuM,  cannot  nalia 
an  amal  for  a  MladamaMMr  eosMlttad  on  an 
occaaltM  vkldi  kaa  alraady  paai.a  It  b  Ika 
duly  of  avary  good  clliian  to  mdaaror  to  aup- 
praM  a  riott  and  wkaa  ka  flnda  a  mlalakan 
MttWWda  onfaglac  la  iraaaoMbIa  practicaa,  to 
[ha  MrttaardoM  of  ah  paaoa  and  good  ordar,  ka 
k  pra(M:tad  fay  law  la  emnlng  inrward  wkk 
Mkar  vdl-dk|Maad  ekaraciata  to  tapal  Ikan  b« 
foriM.»  AJkij*  May  U  MippraMad  by  any 
privaia  Mnoa  praaant.  wko  la  jMtUabla  in 
rndaavoHat  (o  part  ika  ooMkalaata,  wkatavar 
conMi^aaaaa  aMy  aaiad.* 
Ify  tfUin  tfOkt  km, 
caMataaoM  of  a  mmo  wodd  iaatify  a  pttvato 

tkay  will  aqaattv  Jaidiy  a  ooatfabla,  tbardi;  or 
wmiUmmi.*  wkan  aa  olfear,  aaikarlaad  by 
MatMt  to  Mika  arraata  wkkoat  vamac,  lada  a 
pmaa  to  Om  aai  of  ooMMittiaf  a  eriaitoal 
aftMt,  II  b  Bot  BaatMaiy  to  tba  bHUaaar  of 
(ka  nMMfii  to  amai  klM  to  int  laCMna  klM  of 
dfwtjySto**''^  **  attiiBptod  armt  b 


Wkaaavar  tka 


cir- 


^  .' aad  (ka  eaaao  of  anatt 

a«  fcM»w«  to  Ika  oibadar.*  Bat  for  a  |nat 
offiraw,  bakMT  a  M«ay.  dkaia  of  Ika  p«ica 
MnaaLMtyiM**  ^aa  a  ptrato  paiMai,  arraat 
tkaaiiHidan  witkaat  a  warrant 

wkaa  a  Magktiate  k  CMMMwdad  by  Btotnto 
loka-  Ika  paaoa.  kyaMMtiaettoa.  ka  k  aa- 
ikortad  to  aall  apm  kk  fl«Mn,  aad  aaon 

***!!!? JTST^S****  ■«*  ■M«'«ww  -^ 
MMto  «f  kk  dka  aad  tka  MMtoakr  «h«aM. 
■inaMi  iMdar  II  hwMakwi  m  *Ha  to  par- 


wiM«aa  ■aMBkaanMnaanrMMtoMfMtaa- 
o^irtM  dd  ka  gidky  «r  Mqr  Mtoal  toaaek 
of  tkt  pHMM  la  kk  pMHMMak*  OT  thaU  ka  aa- 

rr''~  r  ilrThikl  pii II  ~   Vaaaibaoa 


U  fcrniminad  In  Ika  ceort  of  a  ma^  .i,wa.  ka 
way  varlwlly  •urh.iriia  ih«  aiianatng  .4k«r  to 
laka  Iha  xdbntlar  iiiloi  uattidyi  lui  ^ananl  batng 
n«ca«Mry  In  ih*  Ar«l  Inalanca  *  LlkawlM,  if 
an  afrmi  la  mxia  without  a  warrant,  in  a  caaa 
whai^  iuck  an  arraai  i«  lawAil,  an  I  th«  <illVn.lar 
l«  Ii«aa4(hl  b«(<>ra  Iha  ma^iUlraU,  iha  lallar  may 
Ibka  jnrlidkiiiiii  an,!  priHdatl  (,.  judipnanl 
wlihoM  laaulng  a  warrant  <>f  arr«*i.  ••  Why 
taaua  •  warrant  for  ilia  amirahanal.m  i..'  a  party 
alraady  in  ciMimI*  V'i  Hut  a  wtliian  lomplainl 
(tmdar  itaih)  again.!  iha  jwrty,  •aiiing  Mit  hi* 
«]flWnca,  la  m  nataaaary  in  aaLk  a  cam  m  In  an* 
othar.*  ' 

Shoriffi*  and  nrndablta  aro  tn  aglrit  conaar- 
valiin  of  Iha  p*a<a)  §..,  in  a  maaaara,  ara 
walckMan  and  other  Ilka  oincar*. 

What  k  a  r«aa<inahla  anil  umpar  eauaa  to 
MMpact  (ka  pataon  who  ia  lo  ha  arrwuad  v  \ 
quaailoa  of  law  i  and  U  la  a  queaium  of  kef 
wkatkar  or  n«j|  iha  circumaiancaa  crMutttMiInf 
rack  caaaa  aaiat  j  and  on  iha  Irial  of  an  oAcar 
at  Iha  tuU  of  iha  arraaicd  parly,  iha  qaaaliaa 
k  oidiaarlly  to  ba  iHl<mltta<l  to  tha  jury  aa  a 
Mlaad  ona  of  law  and  fact*  A  prociam*. 
«lo«  ^f  tka  goiramar,  pobliahcd  in  uurauanca 
of  law,  annoiincing  iha  txMimitaion  uf  a  kloay, 
k  a  aufficiani  juatiAcUica  for  a  p«aca  oflc« 

,!"Vf*  •>•  •*•!*<•«»  <•'«»•  A  watakMan 
and  baadlM  hava  autkorily  at  common  Uw  to 
•rraat  aad  datain  la  pHaon,  for  aaaminaiion, 
pmoaa  walking  (ka  airtati  at  nlyhi,  whom 
(barn  k  raaaonabla  groand  to  auapect  of  falony, 
allkoagk  tkara  k  no  proof  of  a  felony  havina 
baaa  ooaunliicd.*  ' 

ProK  lima  inwaaMrlal  conaUbiM  and 
watttkaian  had  aatkoriiy,  without  warrvti,  to 
anaM  (koaa  whoM  tkay  mw  angaga^  In  an 
Mftay  or  braaidi  of  Ika  paaca,  aniTto  dcteiii 
T^J^L*^  •*««•«»  fad  propar  auraliaa* 
Am  anotocar*  of  govamnMn(  kava  aurVoriiy, 
dailvad  Ihaa  (ka  ganaral  rights  of  ika  g  am- 
M«B(,  wkhoal  aay  Malala  wkalavar  on  tha 
mbfact.  to  aancka  all  iiaoaaaary  forca  far  (ha 
pratMidaa  «f  crlMa,  ^(kar  by  (ka  arraM  of  la- 
Aridaak,  or  by  tka  takna  aad  dMantioa  of 
(ka  laatnnMMa  of  crimai'  aad  (kk  apoilaa  to 
•karift,  aonatablaa,  and  tka  Uka. 

j^x^^'t^***'^"*^*'^  Thaektaf 
wMWMMa  balwaaa   fka   powar  aad  duty  of 

aaoMear  aad  a  private  paraoa.  to  taapaet  to 
aack arraM. k, Ikat (ka Immar  kaa  Ikagraaiar 
Mihority  to  dMMMd  aMktaaoa  of  otka^aml 
k  I  Wda  to  a  aawiwr  Itoa  far  aay  aaglaet  of  (kk 
^^^  fcnt  Ml  Mjia  way  to  diadMiM  Mm- 
•all  of  tka  wtaat  of  aay  paraaa  anpraaandad 
^klM  far  faloay,  wKkoot  bringing  kirn  ba- 
Mm  a  MagktiMa  ta  ordar  to   ba  axaaUaadt 


\ 


LAW. 


m%  IWM,  a  pival*  f»rim,  M*ing  Rhtlb  HlA 
•M  MHPM, 'll««<h  ofilf  (•>  (l«l>««r  Ilk  (>ti«an«i' 
Inlfi  lb*  ImmU  nl  llw  •  •••>«tkMc  (  ArctMnllngly, 
ll  I*  In  lh«  pn««r  i4  on  oA<.*r  iu«lilMg  ■'> 
Wtmt,  lh<Mfh  wlih'Nit  •  w*ft«ni  (•»  call  in  <>*>» 
»M  n(  iha  l>]r*'»"l*r*  '■■'  *^*  •harMT  nuy  «ll 
•HI  tH«  pnwrr  tA  lli«  ortinijr,  and  •li«  •tfttcat 
may  ciimmand  Iha  Inhaliiunia  >if  bia  ptvcmtt. 
Anil  Iku  (ilantU  n<i<  »»ra\y  \o  Iba  arrcat,  Iwl 
fl>|itallf  lo  Iha  ilMalnlnc  iA  Iha  (wtn.inar  aHar 
Iha  arrtai  l«  mtA*..  ff  any  .ma  «l>Btru<-ia  ih* 
••(Hiar  In  tha  parformanca  >it  ihaaa  d«ii««,  ha 
may  •!  nnra  Im  lalivn  Inia  cuti'Mly, 

AKIIMT  DMMB  a  WA*aAMT.      Whar* 

a  warrant  In  tlaa  hrm  it  pur  inio  <Am  bami 
<4  an  officar,  lo  whom  ll  I*  a«l<lr««*««<l,  ht 
U  |«MlK>il  In  aiccuilng  It,  If  Iha  nuhglMrmta 
who  iHunl  ll  had  I'idwiicllon  u*ar  Hi  -  «iK*a, 
fvan  ihiNigk  It  «••  Improfwrl*  m  »ii!  yfully 
ofatalnad.  Hut  It  la  otharwlta  If  Ihr  »  xni  la 
lllagal  on  Itt  fac«,  nr  If  iha  ma(l»ii«i*  i  t  no 
JurlMtlctI'm  I  which  qu««tl>m  of  Ttiriadlctl.  tha 
aAcar  mu«l  dacliia  at  hU  paill.^  And  li  i  a 
civil  caia,  an  arraal  la  mada  aftar  Iha  iiriu  \% 
ratamabla,  tha  offkar  tiaviMnaa  thar«\>v  a  -« 
{•Mar.i  Whara  pToc«H  andar  whirh  an  ■>!;  . 
tnakaa  an  arrrvi  la  *t>idahla,  liv  raavon  of  ui  « 
irramlarlly  i«  midaka,  ha  la  jiMlftadi  Ikoui  H 
b«  M  not  whan  It  la  «o«d^ 

Om  who  to  callad  u|i»n  lo  awiat  an  offlMr  >  ' 
tuaking  an   uratt    nndar  warrant,  and   wli 
acw  in  good  faith,  U  jnaiiAad,  Ihoogli  lh«  pro 
eaaa  la  not  valM  lo  lh«  aiUanl  of  Jnatifying  Ihi 
oAcar  himtatf  (  fer  If  nil  Iboaa  MMamonad  luii 
io  aiamlna  and  judg*  Um  laMllty  of  IIm  |W» 
MM,  and  than  to  act  wptm  thaw  own  ratpond 
Mlily,  Ihto  nacamary  p«rwtr  in  Um  oAetr  wonid, 
ill  praciica,  b«  paralysad  to  •  grMl  d«gT««.* 

Tha  warrant  miMt  h%  axacutad  bv  a  public 
iiAcar  (aa  tha  tharlff  or  eontlabl*  of  liit  ermtiijr, 
inanhal  of  an/  incrtrporatad  ctty^,  ot  t^ioM 
(tanon  jipacialiy  appoinWd,  |n  wrnlBg,  by  tlM 
conrt  at  maglMrala.'  f 


i  It^lMt  tjiai!(rl5ll  » 

tar.afai  aaHLMk    Hpay.  ii 


Sidlop'cr 
»«7 


I  haraky  appoUM  irATia  anaania  Mm  wtdita 

Tk0  wmrrmml  tmut  it  ummM  tf  lh«  odlMr 
Mr  paraon  to  wboa  it  to  dirteiad  ajMi  4aUv«nd. 
And  In  all  csaaw  wlMf*  m  amat  to  mula  bjr 
virtM  of  a  wwyant,  Um  vamnt.  If  dainaadM, 
at  l«Mt alMvId b« findNMd*  WKentlM oil- 
Mr  to  not  kaown  to  Im  Mch,  ha  Mint  ihow  Ma 
aathor^.  kto  wamal,  bafora  HaUag  tlM  ar- 
laat."  If  tka  oAear  paimito  Um  pnaoaar  to 
taka  tha  wanaat  iaio  kto  haaAi  t*  paraat,  and 
tha  lati«r  trafaiw  to  ntani  It,  ha  nmf  na  "  Jait 

6ft  tlSiiif  «4'Ato.tfii'|lSiv. ^1  MMy.iwIi 
lali  «  Caw.  Mti   i|  Maaa.  iMi  |  Cmm,  aM;    m 


vlulawaa  m  h  MKMW|^t«  MlalM  It. 

i  "•  toN  II  ka  MMMI  riMka  M  by 

itt  diiiiaiillaa,  or  mbat wtoa,  ha  tn*y 


•a 

»nd  no 

r«a»m  af  m»  iliiliaiwaw,  m  otl 
tiill  «aacMte  tha  ciwitMiaAU  of  tha 
rciMirn  tha  facta. 

Tha  c4iear  thoald,  a*   «.        ■*  ha  convan 
lanily  can,  t)>     ^h  h«  aiay  ili  tl  aay  llm 

kftarward   umil   tlha  nt^Mt  «f 
Mii%Aad,*  pr-waad  W»h 
•trtaally  mrrttl  iIm  pai 
Mcara   him,  ImM   alao  t> 
othar  parwMM,  t»   iha  «« 
and   raaciia,     A  '  <>-   if  ha 
•  lacnt*  Iha  war    nt,  ha  * 
hia  dl«>iba<llan(  •      >  >»a|hKH 
II       UrtaMtmg  IKuiri,  th 
t««t  la  criminal  actt»n«  )h«     i 
(i|ian  any  oular  or  innar  d<' 
dwalling  houaa.  Of  othar  bull 
aiicloaura.  If,  aftar  natU<«  i4  I 
piiaa,  ha  ha  rafW»a<l  admutan' 
not  aathoHia  any  ofUar  t 
wamuil  to  antaf  ai\)'  hoaaa 
•cribad  In  iha  warrant. 

A  prf«*ta  IndWIdaal,  la  art* 
braaking  <if)aa  .i.    r*  withoat  *  ^ 
In  gaaanil,  prava  >  «a  adaa)  fuii 
arrniadi  and   ll   will   aol  tuffi 
faluny  haa  actually    haan  cum.-ii 
raaaonabia  ground 
an  oflkar   actln(( 
charga  of  aaoilMr 

alMklBg 
t.» 
Tha  hraahlag  of  aa  oatar  door  to,  m  ^  lal 
to  viokmt,  dMMsloaa,  and  danganMa  »  ora^ 
caadinf  that  It  akiald  ha  adoplad  ualjr  i  -%■ 
trtoM  aaaaa,  whaia  aa  Imatadiata  m%A  is 
raqatoita. 

Tkt  km$t*  ^  0  third  ptrtmt,  U  Iha  adfeadar 

ty  10  it  for  ranga,  to  not  pdvllagad,  tnt  oiar 

a  bnkaa  opaa  aftar  tha  Maal  daaiaad  t  fcr  " 

a*  tmm  ha  ae  apon  eiirU  proean.*    Bat  it  to 

taa  aafil  of  Iha  oAear,  that  tha  party  agaiaM 

MMi  na  ohtalaad  tha  wamuM  ba  mtiid  thafa,* 

!    i«  doettiaa  to  tko  racogalMd  aa  raqwcu 

I    il  procMa.'* 

ff  M  Pmtf  tt  tmt  m<tmtUf  mrrtilMl  «md 
*t>9p»4ftmm  tmUfdf,  any  door  nay  ba  broken 
n  to  rattka  ktoi,  amr 


f  lutpicloii 


wil< 


ba  tacuii 

rill 


and 


*<#  wafWMi  u 

"indaa***'! 
I  II  ardwf  i« 
I         <.  a«4  all 

'i  (aaaiHi 

(la«t  In 

imii      *bln  foi 


.  r,f  a 

I-  aad  BtJi 
thin  (loan 
1  •<  «reh- 

og  iiiJt  da- 

•<-»   Janllfy 

At,  in  uu, 

tha  (MUty 

•luiw  a 

r    |)Mi 

Hut 
wicltiva 
md  tha 
iina  ba 


01 

•dw 


propar 


it 

lirt 
proi 


/.  W  di,  or  etMnvtoa  pravawiad  fraai  re 
It!  r,  m4  artMllMr  aMOMlng  alvil  ar  criiaiiM) 


aMOMllIf 

••,  ha  Mi^  bcaak  oat  by  asy  aaaas  la  hi^ 
paw  r.    And  a  ifcwty  mtf  bnak  a|Ma  tb« 


giii^tl^Li^&KwBSjJ 


'^i 


c.Ht.  vT>M' 


■WJjaiMMr.  Ml  I  yC^B.  t^nBitOwi.  Arm 


■  ll  MMMUy  Ui  ratak*  It. 
UUkm  «MMM  rM*k«  It  tiT 
mMmi,  M«t|MrwlM,  Im  III  ,j 


■M,  MX        *•  k* 
li«  m»y  ()•         *>  1 

M  ti^tM*  *t    •>•  wwmn  U 

•Mh  «Mwa«f      iliMl  M«  M>i 

|Mt     •««.>«  on     mwditrlu 

l«»  It'  'HM   h  m,  Mk4  all 

if  Im  (aw  w  >«gkMI  In 
1.  h««r.  ^  fMydMlll  Ibr 
'  fMgkct. 

Ob#n,  M .     Ta  ■«      M  #r- 
tItoM  iIm  off  thrill 
inner  4<f 
atli«r  ImII 

•dmttun' 

tiflii*r  < 
t)'  ho«M« 
mnl. 

'kitt»\,   hi  ord 
'Ft  wttiKMit  >  « 

h«  actosl  g«tt> 
•III   not   luffi 

I    bMn  emwrni 
<A  MtmlckMi 

*mnt  kdt  on 

WiP     M    «BCU<t. 
•MMAlkW    will 


•<«f  tMlitt 
<  m4biii 

Ihi*  MC« 

•  te«rdi- 

•atlSNKt, 

tlMpaftjr 

mm  % 

or  tiM 
ll«i 

^nd  Om 


u  <Mtor  4aar  lt|  I*  g*  "Ml, 

OM,  ui4  danfvrtHti        -ro 

uUld  Im  Mlo|>ttd  only 

M    M    imOIMiMtl     W>      ~    It 

'hird  f^tm,  \l  Um  «<MMiM' 

U  not  prtvlUftd,  Int  imt 

•rlhciMtMl  dMMMdt  iorU 

■m  civU 


Buthb 
)Ae«r,  thai  IIm  paily  agaiwt 

IIm  WMltMt  ba  fOMlid  |K«M.* 

iho  rwogfllMi  IN  Mqp««ti 

www  mitmm^  Mrruttd  tmd 
^,  Mf  door  nay  Im  brokan 
•,  mmt  propar  dawa^iil  al 


iMrwiaa  paavaMad  frooi  rr 
r  flMoMiiiff  alvQ  «r  crinia^ 
aak  oNt  by  aajr  ibmm  ki  hw 
imW  mmf  bradi  aiira  ik« 


LAW. 


tH 


4imti»  H.KIM  In  fMctM  Ma  MMb,  mlnrMty 
•Mtlnad  wMkln  l«  ' 

Alt  otll*#  ,  ntif  •  tnlarlnf  •  kn«««,  cOhar  ii|i»n 
f  (»»( ri#  trtmlnal  i<r<tr«M,  m«y,  aftff  ln«ff«4iu«||y 
ilamaMtiig  «>lmliiiin<«,  t>r««|i  iipun  any  innai 
•if»"   (iMt  tlh»«ru<l»  hl«  t«»<1ffrMK* 

—  DiaHMiriMx  mr  Aianrratt  ria«iiN. 

.  ,itt»«la  iwtwm  arrnMt  a  man  wIlhtHil  a  war 
ram,  kt  *H<MiM  c«ui«  him,  a*  «<iim  a*  canvas 
ianea  will  parmll,  lo  tm  hxvtmht  liafiwa  utmti 
iMMllva  oT  iKa  pWMa,  Im  wh.wn  ika  prixwar  m»f 
U  aiaiNln««l  and  lMil»d,orc<i«imtlta<<  to  tir («m.» 
Whara  a  pft»*irj  |iar».fi  lMa  ayfvcMtHltd  an- 
■Hhaf  aaaiallna  In  an  »(Knf,h»mf  lawfally  d« 
lain  him  lilt  iha  h««i  la  »m.  and  ikan  dalivar 
him  to  lh«  conMalilr  * 

An  <)*caf  having  nrrmlail  th«  offaixlar,  in 
raaa  ol  an  affrajr,  m.y  r.mftna  him  III!  tha  heal 
rf  kla  Maalon,  <ir  liit«m|M!r«nc«  la  over,  or  till 
U»  (an  U in|  him  hafurn  a  jiwulca  of  Iha  jtaar*  ;• 
«nd  in  .1  caaaa,  ka  •himl.t  tarry  iha  .^an.la'r 
l^i.rt  1  juMlca  «>f  Iha  pcitca  aa  aorrt  a«  circum- 
M«nicji  will  parmll  *  And  •  r»n*lalil«  arrf«' 
"H  a  MAM  »»  auafiiclon  cjf  falimy,  nitwi  uhtf 
him  ba^Mra  r  jnaliru  of  tha  paaca  lo  iia  a«amlii«il 
M  aonN  aa  ka  raanunakly  can  ;  and  i  snnot  )u»ii(y 
h4ndc«fllnf  a  prUrmar,  unlaaa  it  ba  nacanary 
(•>  prarani  nil  •«   ipa* 

fn*m  Artffr  mmJtr  m  W„rr<tmt  '•  Wh«n 
«n  olRaar  kaa  m.  la  hit  arrat.,  ka  U,  a>  ».nn  a* 
p.*»lbla,  to  bring  tha  party  to  iha  ,all.  or  Ihc 
liMlra,  according  lo  tha  imnort  .J  Iha  war 
rint,"'  If  parmltta<l  or  raqiiir^d  Sy  tha  law.  If 
>>•  ba  guilty  of  aiinccaaaary  tfrl  «y.  ||  |a  a  braach 
r  duly*  Bal  If  tka  lima  l>e  tcaaonabia,  a* 
II  or  naitr  tha  nluhi,  wharaby  he  cannot  altrmi 
Hie  laatlca.or,  If  thara  Im  danger  of  a  rawge, 
•r  Iha  patty  ba  ill,  and  unabia  at  preaani  to  Im 
I  r>KigM,  ba  mav,  aa  tka  caaa  require,  tccura  him 
r  detain  kin  In  a  Iiom«  till  ika  neii  day,  or 
until  M  nay  ba  raaMmabIa  to  bHng  klm> 

l¥km  irmtgkt  it/mt  tkt  muutrmtt  tka  pria- 
onat  Ij  itUI  eimaidarad  lo  ba  in  th^  nwtody  of 
(ka  oAoai,  wtOk  ha  kaa  baan  diaeke  j^ed.  bJlad, 
or  nnnnktai  to  priaon."  And  tka  ofHcar  nay 
kaap  Ma  vanaat  Ibr  hia  own  JiMtificailon,  and 
nead  onljr  raitm  to  tha  uagiatrata  what  ha  kaa 
dona  \m  pwrtMWM  of  kla  oommandaJ 

AuoH  la  the  nnUcioiM  b«ni'ng  of  anolhar'a 
ho«M«k-.o«t.hoMa,  akip  or  ah'pping.  (tore- 
koaaa,oradMrpropaH7.  TIm  larm  •>  hovaa  " 
comwafcan*  Mt  only  Um  vair  naaakn-houaa, 
or  raaidenoo  itaalf,  but  all  MM-ko«aaa  wklch  are 
a  part  thai«ar,llMN«b  aotwnUgwNMthantOk  lor 

in. 


I*'  ir-'ilfc'i.  •J*'*'^«»'  Sc*.laM.  AnaM. 


1 4ii t^iiTtoinM.  aae i  a  fch.  j^ j  lo 
HI  «••>  t  Ala.  (Mi  yilMlir.\M:  • 


im.1#T  tka  tama  ranf,  tnrk  aa  lk«  ham.  ci*f». 
h.,n»a.  .t«(,y  h-„„„,  Mil)  hoaaa,  haap  h<Hiao, 
MaMa,  or  Iha  Itha.  Iwinn  wUhin  ih«  ilwalllng 
houta  ancloaure.  or  tame  ctMnmon  lanca  «i  (ka 
dwallinx  or  m«na«m  llaalf ' 

Tha  burninii  m««t  have  haen  hnlh  mallclona 
and  *llf 111,"  thai  (a.  It  mau  Iw  <|.ma  mlmHtm- 
ottji,  n.rt  a<(l<lenla)ly  (ianarally,  if  iha  a.i  la 
iiruvad  lo  have  tieen  d«ma  wilfully,  ll  may  ba 
Inferred  lo  have  tieen  dona  mallrlotialy.  a.ileaa 
Ihe  iOMirarv  la  pn>«ed  a  An  Inlani  lo  Injure  or 
tUfiaud  will  l*e  conclutivaly  Inferred  ftnm  the 
wiirul  ail  of  firing*  Rul  ihl*  Inference  will 
only  arlae  where  iha  an  la  wllfUl  i  ihaisf  «a,lf 
Iha  fire  appeani  to  lie  ihe  raault  of  artldenl.  tha 
I  .irty  who  la  the  cauaa  of  it  will  n<a  be  llal>le, 
ITie  .object  of  arton  la  y»ry  ganaraily  reuulaiail 
t.ytiatate  " 

All>(»TATtr)M  It  Ika  febmioaa  raifioval  of 
fpwKia  (f*m  (ka  place  where  ihfy  w«ra  Hvimm. 
Hert  A  ihefk,  though  Ike  goiida  %n  i»s>t  c/"r« 
rted  from  the  h^iuaa  or  apartment.* 

A»»AMi  NATION  la  murder  rommlltad  fcr 
hire,  teithout  |)m«ncall<in  or  cauta  of  reaani- 
merit  gl««n  lo  (he  mt4r<lrrer  by  tka  pericm  iipafi 
whrtw  tha  crime  la  comwiitad.a 

\H  AaaAkii.t  It  an  anlawful  tailing  upon 
one't  (Mraoni  an  at'ewpi  «ir  offer  lo  beat  an. 
olher  .vitl'out  toochmjj  hit  perwrn.'  It  it  «n 
unlawful  offer  or  aii«np«,  wlik  forca  or  *io- 
lance,  to  do  a  corporal  kurt  lo  another.  Ii  it 
force  nnlawiyilly  directed  or  applied  to  ika 
perum  of  another,  under  tut  k  eirtumttantea  aa 
lo  cauia  a  *a'  feandad  apprahanaion  of  imme- 
Jiata  peril. 

A^mnutd  Mttmlt  ia  ona  cnmiuittad  with 
Iha  inlcntion  of  comnitting  toma  additiottal 
crime. 

Stmfit  «M«tiA  U  ona  committed  with  no  in- 
(eiiiioa  to  do  any  otker  injury. 

Any  act  caualng  a  well  fonndad  appraben 
alon  of  immadiata  peril  front  a  forca  already 
partiallr  or  ftjllr  p«t  in  n.4i.«,  ia  an  ana-.  U,» 
unlaaa  ]mti(Ubla.     But  If  Juttidabie,  it  ta  not 
nacetaarily  a  battery  or  an  aaaault. 

TTmi*  tra  many  other  acta  which  ara  In  tha 
eye  of  tka  law  aaaaulta.  Thua,  if  a  maatrr 
lakaa  indtcant  llbertiea  witk  a  female  tcholat, 
wiikont  bar  conacnt,  it  U  an  aaaault.*  If  a 
medical  praetiliufier  nnnccetaarily  itripa  a  fe- 
male patient  naked  under  pretanca  that  ba  • 
cannot  oik  wita  jndga  of  ker  illncaa.  't  la  an 
aMAttll,  if  ka  ataitied  in  taking  off  bar  ulolkae  • 
And  canid  connection  with  a  girl  fourtaan 


Laarii  Cr.  Caa.  ftih  fd  )  .il.    |.,  C.  ft  K.  ui;  ,«  M. 

iW.  ,«. ,   «  C.  ft  Kj4J ;   a.  Conn  uirUiAHL. 
■a.  Ill:   jlrad.  iKi    i  Kick,  au     •Whan. 


i 


I. 

v 


LAW. 


ran  of  age,  under  pretence  of  therefajr  treat- 
ing ber  medictllr,  inc  nuking  no  miitance 
f^om  k  himafiii  oelief  that  mcK  wu  the  ceae, 
waa  held  an  aaaalt.*  An  nnlawftU  imiirlaon- 
ment  U  alio  an  aiaanlt.* 

Auanh  la  generally  covpled  with  battery, 
and  fbr  the  eicullent  practical  reason  that  they 
generallr  go  together  t  but  the  awaolt  it  rather 
the  initiation  or  offer  to  commit  the  act  of 
which  the  battery  it  the  contummatlon.  An 
amault  it  included  in  every  battery.*  Where  a 
pcnon  if  only  MfAwZM— atill  the  form  of  the 
complaint  It  the  tame  at  where  there  hat  been 
a  kaOny:  "  That  the  defendant  aaaanlted,  and 
beat,  bruited,  and  wounded  the  plafaitUf."' 
One  who  incitet  or  lyocnret  another  to  oommit 
an  attanlt,  though  not  pretent  at  itt  cooniiition, 
nor  otherwiie  participating  therein,  may  be  in- 
•dijcted  and  puoithed  at  a  principal.* 

An  UNLAwruL  amkmilv  it  the  meeting  of 
thr^ic  or  more  penont  to  do  an  unlawful  act — 
although  they  may  not  carry  their  purpote  into 
execution.  It  dimn  from  a  riot  or  rout,  be- 
came in  each  of  the  latter  caicH  there  is  tome 
act  done  beiidet  the  timple  meeting.* 

Attaindik  upon  a  felon  it,  in  emct,  in  gen- 
eral termt,  that  all  hit  ettate,  real  and  per- 
tonal,  it  forfeited  to  the  State;  that  hit  blood 
it  corrupted,  and  to  nothing  pattea  by  inherit- 
ance to,  from,  or  through  himt*  that  he  can- 
not me  In  a  court  of  juttlce.*  The  effect  of 
attainder  it  abrogatea  by  the  eunttitntion, 

f.V. 

An  ATTtMrr  It  an  endeavor  to  aceoeapUah  a 
crime,  carried  beyond  mere  preparatkMi,  bat 
falling  thort  of  hi  execution  or  any  part  oi  it.* 
It  it  an  intent  eoanUned  with  an  act  which  fklla 
thort  tit  the  offence  intended.*  There  mntt  be 
an  intent  to  commit  tone  offence  which  would 
be  puniihable  If  committed,  either  from  ita  own 
character  or  that  of  ita  natund  or  prabaUe  con- 
tequenoet ;'  and  the  offhnor  intended  mot  at 
lentt  be  a  miidemeanor.e 

BANiUtMBNT  ti  a  punlthment  faiflloted  «pon 
criminali  by  oonpelfing  them  to  qnit  a  d^, 
place,  or  coaatry  rar  a  tpecified  permd  of  time, 
orfnrlUe.^ 

Bamutky  it  the  offmce  of  ftequenHy  ex- 
citing and  ttirring  op  quarreb  and  fuitti,  cither 
fit  law  or  otherwue?  An  indictment  fbr  this 
offSence  mutt  charge  the  offender  with  being 
a  common  bmAot)  and  the  proof  mutt  ihow 
at  least  three  iattancet  of  offending.*'    An  at- 

▼-1  Dmio Cr.  Oit.  jloj  4 CoaCt. Cm.  mb!  Tempi. 
AM.  Cr. Cat. St*.  wiHawk,K9r  Oi.fc.li.  X-i 
H.wk.  PI. Cr. e. «t,|i.  y-i SauMLMtkBd.)  14,4.  m-n 
OWo  St.  (u.  »Sm  I  Ind.  ]o  i  o  C.  ft  r.  9>,  «t :  J  M. 
154 : 1 BlikapCr.U  laus  •M.|f  Ni»,n>M.  Jm  Wa». 
Saund.  iti.B.:  6  C».^,m,Mrt.:  s  KA.  Bod.  M?: 
M  Ei«.lL  ft  fca.  »«l.  •4it.Utt,vtf>,m.  psCaA. 
367.    •■t  fUth.  Or.  U  si»i  'A  P*v99  i.  !*  ^I*>  0£<  S. ) 


J7d.4#^ 


tomey  It  not  liable  to  an  fndlctment  for  aafah 
taining  another  in  r  groundless  action.' 

BATTlftT  is  an  unlawful  beating,  or  other 
wrongfel  physical  violence  or  constraint  in- 
flicted cm  a  human  beins  without  his  coasent." 
It  mutt  be  dther  wilfully  committed,  or  pro- 
ceed tnm  the  want  of  due  care.*  Hence,  an 
injury,  be  it  never  so  small,  done  to  the  penon 
of  another  in  an  angry,  spitefnl,  rude,  or 
insolent  manner,*  at  fay  spitting  in  hit  fix*,* 
or  on  hit  body,*  or  in  any  way  touching 
him  fai  anger,'  or  violently  nuthlng  him,*  are 
batteries  in  the  eye  of  the  law.*  And  any- 
thing attached  to  the  penon  partakea  «f  iu 
Invioiabilty.  If,  therefore,  A.  itrlket  a  caae  in 
the  hands  of  B.  it  it  a  battery.* 

A  battery  mar  be  juttUied  < 

I.  As  a  mode  of  correction— «  parent  may 
correct  his  child;  a  mMter  his  Mijirentice;  a 
school-teacher  his  scholar;*  ana  a  superior 
oflioer  one  under  his  command.* 

a.  As  a  necessary  means  of  defence  of  the  per 
ton  against  the  pluntiff^s  assault  in  the  follow- 
ing instances:  in  defence  of  himself,  his  wife,' 
his  child,  and  his  servant/  So,  likewise,  the 
wife  may  justify  a  battery  in  defending  her 
hutband,*  ue  child  its  parent,*  and  the  servant 
his  master  or  mistress.  In  these  relations  the 
party  need  not  wait  until  a  blow  has  been 
given,  fbr  then  he  might  come  too  late,  and  be 
disabled  from  warding  off  a  second  tttoke,  or 
from  protecting  the  penon  astailed.  Care, 
however,  mut  he  taken  that  the  battery  do  not 
exceed  iha  bounds  of  necessary  defence  and 
protectkn;  far  it  h  only  permitted  as  a  means 
to  arrest  an  impending  evil,  which  night 
otherwise  overwhelm  the  party,  and  not  as  a 

Jranishment,  retaliaticm,  or  revenge,  for  the 
njurions  attempt*  The  demo  of  foree  aeces- 
saiy  to  repel  an  assault  will  naturally  depend 
upon  and  be  proportioaod  to  the  violeaoe  of 
the  aasailaBtt  but  with  tbJa  Mmltaiton  any  de- 
gree is  jutimble.* 

3.  As  a  defence  to  one's  piupeity.  If  the 
rtdntMr  it  in  the  act  of  entering  peaceaWr  opon 
the  defendant's  Und,  or,  having  entered,  is  (1>*- 
covered,  net  committing  videaoe,  a  waiiest  to 
depart  is  naeessanr  Jn  tfie  first  instanoeJ  -■  And 
if  the  pUiatUr  reniSes,  the  defendant  may  Ihet 
genthr  lay  buds  npon  ne  pbintiff  and  lemove 
him  noiB  the  premtees,  and  far  diis  porpote 
may  use.  If  aeocssaiy,  any  dem«  of  force  Moct 
of  strikiw  the  plaintifft  as,  by  thrusting  Ua 
off*.*    If  Swplaintifr  resists,  the  ddendaat  nay 

If  nek.  43* f  tj  M.  96*.  BM  BdMpCr.  U  I fc ;  17 
Ma.  MO!  9  N.  H.  49«.  •■S*S5p.  S9«!  ^Kok.  194; 
PteirdTia :  a  WmtA. mt.   o-e  Pl«k. «.   »<  Mad.  m. 

f-f  81HM.  Mr.    r-iltatt.  Or.  n>.    •4et4  Hotbt. 

|>MMtiMk.4e*.  S-l.d.KqnB.<;.  »SM.A  > 


n-tlBtd^iu:  tP««B.jlo;  jJMI«.2.)4«: 
,.  M. !  4  WMh.  C  C.  S34i«  B»Mw.lC^C.  fco. 

K-V.tf.am  Adm.,  tttj  t  Biy.  3 ;  14 


iaa.Ja.  Aetallt  «w. ^-.mtMmm, el. 


itil _, 

St.  «j  M  Afk  (J..  .5,  .J.  ^.   ~ -.  - 


■MiliiilliiW 


iMWiMiil 


!  to  an  ftMlictmetit  for 
r  groandlew  action.' 

unlawful  beating,  or  othet 

violence  or  conitnliit  in- 
I  beintp  withont  his  ooMent.* 
wUfniiy  oammittad,  or  pro- 
it  of  due  care.*  Hence,  an 
10  nnall,  <lone  to  the  penon 
I   angry,  ipitefnl,  mae,  or 

ai  1^  qritting  in  his  fiice,> 
I  or  fai  any  way  touching 
■  violently  pushing  him,*  are 
sye  of  the  law.'    And  any- 

the  person  partakes  of  iU 
herefore,  A.  strikes  a  cme  in 
is  a  battery.* 
M  justified  t 
of  correction — a  parent  may 

a  master  his  apprentice ;  a 
•  scholar;*  ana  a  superior 
Ilk  command.* 
y  means  of  defence  of  the  per 
lintifTs  assault  in  the  follow- 
defence  of  himself,  his  wife,' 

servant/  So,  likewise,  the 
a  battery  in  defending  her 
d  its  parent.*  and  the  servant 
ress.  In  these  relations  the 
rait  nntit  a  blow  has  been 
I  might  come  too  late,  and  be 
rding  off  a  second  sdroke,  or 
the  person  assailed.  Care, 
taken  that  the  battery  do  not 
b  of  necessary  defence  and 
h  only  permitted  as  ■  means 
pending  evil,  which  night 
elm  the  pwty,  and  not  as  s 
liation,  or  revenye,  fbr  the 
>  Thedenecoffoiveneces- 
iiMult  will  naturally  depend 
[KMtioned  to  the  viouBoe  of 
with  tbJs  MmitaHoB  any  de- 

«  to  one's  prefcrty.  If  die 
ct  of  entering  peaceaMr  a]x>i> 
nd,  or,  having  enterad.  It  df «• 
nittiiui  vfdenoe,  a  raouMt  to 
r  Jn  tM  first  instance.9  ■.  And 
uses,  me  defendant  may  Ihes 
ipon  ne  plaintiff  and  lemove 
mises,  and  tat  this  porpose 
■ry,  any  deme  of  force  saoct 
aintiff)  aa,  oy  thrusting  Urn 
tiff  nmts,  the  defendant  may 

191.'  ss-SMWfi,  S9»;  H 


kUM 


^^^^o 


IP 


'rta.y.  rfj"*  D...  _ 
i  BsirAdm.  lit; 


_r.  Ml.    »3«-, 

Cr.  Mt;  SM  i  Sehrya  N. 

r.  I  FMw.  ]ioi  t  hh  a.  ':.)4<: 

*.  C. C.  834V t  BoMw.C  C.  *». 
•my.  «#:  •  D«v.  ft  B.  jff.    w- 

SBsirAdm.  r5i:  (Biy.  )i  14 


M.34 
At 


*yi-ipn 


,«»i« 


i)fi.  ^jii  rt.Mm.Hi:  H  Id. 


LAW. 


4ffl 


oppoae  force  to  force.'  But  if  the  plaintiff  is 
in  the  act  of  forcibly  entering  upon  the  land,  or, 
hiving  entered,  is  tuhverting  itie  soil,  cutting 
down  a  tree  or  the  lilce,s  a  previous  requcut  in 
unnecessary,  and  the  defendant  mav  immedi- 
ately lay  hands  upon  the  plaintiff.*  A  man  may 
justify  a  battery  in  defence  of  his  personal  prop- 
erty withont  a  previous  request,  if  another  forci- 
bly attempt  to  Uke  away  such  property.' 

4.  Aa  a  means  of  pmerving  tne  peace,  in 
the  exercise  of  an  office,  under  process  of 
court,  and  in  aid  of  an  authority  at  law.  Sec 
AtutT,  below. 

Bawdy  Hotnn  are  houses  of  ill-fame,  kept 
for  the  resort  and  unlawful  commerce  of  lewd 
pe(»le  of  both  sexes.  It  must  be  reputed  of 
lii-iame;'  it  may  be  a  single  room;'  out  more 
(han  one  woman  must  live  and  resort  there.' 
It  need  not  be  kept  for  lucre.**  Such  a  house 
it  a  common  nuisance,*  and  the  keeper  may  be 
indicted ;  and,  if  a  married  woman,  eyther  alone 
or  widi  her  husband.*  One  who  MsisU  in 
establishfng  such  a  house  is  guilty  of  an  indict- 
able misdemeanor,*  including  a  lessor  who  has 
l(nowledge.e  A  charge  of  keeping  a  bawdy 
house  is  actionable,  because  it  is  an  o8tnem 
which  is  indictable  at  common  law  as  a  com- 
mon nuisance,  and  dearlv  involvaa  moral  tur- 
pitude.'   See  Brothbl,  mIow. 

BioAMVis  the  wilfully  contracting  a  second 
manriage,  when  the  contracting  psirty  knows 
that  a  first  is  subsisting— the  state  of  a  man  hav- 
ing tiro  wives,  or  of  a  woman  having  two  bus- 
Itands,  living  at  the  same  time.  When  the 
man  has  mora  than  two  wives,  or  the  woman 
more  than  two  husbands,  living  at  the  same 
time,  then  the  party  is  said  to  have  committed 
polygaaw;  but  the  name  of  bigamy  is  more 
tre^nently  l^vea  to  this  oftnce  inisgal  pro 
"     "       a  bus' 


ceedings.*    U  a  woman  who  has 
living  marries  another  person,  she  is 


lusliand 
lish- 


imng  mames  anoiner  person,  she  is  punish 
able,  thougjh  her  husband  has  voluntuily  with 
dmwn  fk«a  her,  Md  remained  absent  and  un- 
heard cf  for  any  term  of  time  lass  than  seven 
years,  and  though  she  honestly  believes,  at  the 
time  et  her  second  marriage,  that  he  is  dead.* 
On  trial  of  a  woman  for  oigamy,  whose  first 
husband  had  been  absent  from  her  for  more 
than  seven  years,  the^ury  found  that  they  had 
no  evidence  at  the  time  m  her  second  mamoge 
she  knew  that  he  wu  alive,  but  that  she  had 
meana  of  acquiring  knowledge  of  that  fac^  had 
she  chosen  to  make  use  of  them.  It  was  held 
upon  tiris  finding  that  the  conviction  coold  not 
be  sappoited.*  If  a  maa  is  proseoited  for 
bigamy,  his  first  wife  cannot  be  called  to  prove 
her  marriage  widi  the  defendant*  Where  the 
first  marrii^  was  made  abroad,  it  must  be 
tbowa  to  have  been  valid  when  made.*   Repu- 


Ld.  Raym.  tto».    trsim.  ^    mMi  N. 


4-}Picti.  itf;  «Oin,4ti. 

•49.  m-M  JhNS.  Cr.  ••». 


ll'i 


■on.  41*. 
SM.ftV. 
4»».     ■•• 


tation  it  not  sdRdent  to  establish  Hie  het  of  th' 
first  marriage.*    If  the  second  marriage  be 
a  foreign  State,  it  it  not  bigamy/  except 
statute.*    The  second  marriage  is  not  necea- 
sarilv  valid.* 

The  punishment  of  this  offence  varies  in  the 
dllforent  States. 

Bilu  op  Indictmint  ara  written  accusa- 
tions of  one  or  more  persons  of  a  crime  or 
misdemeanor,  lawfully  presented  to  a  grand 
Jury.  If  twelve  or  more  members  of  the  jury 
are  satisfied  that  the  accused  ought  to  be  tried, 
the  return  it  made,  "  A  true  bill ;"  but  when 
no  suffiaent  ground  is  shown  for  putting  the 
accused  on  trial,  a  return  is  made,  "Not 
found,"  "  Not  a  true  bill,"  or  •■  Ignoramus."* 
See  AoctnATiON,  above.  • 

Bill  or  PAim  and  Pinaltiu  b  a  special 
act  of  the  legblature  which  inflicts  a  punish- 
ment le«  than  death  upon  persons  supposed  to 
be  guilty  of  high  oOenees,  such  as  tr«ason  and 
felony,  without  anv  conviction  in  the  ordinary 
course  of  Judicitl  piucecding*.*  It  differs 
from  a  bill  of  atutnder  inthb,  that  the  punbh- 
ment  inflicted  by  the  latter  b  death.  It  has 
been  thooght  by  tome  that  the  clause  in  the 
federal  constitution  prohibiting  bilb  of  at- 
tainder ineludct  bilk  of  paint  and  penalties.' 

BLAtPHncY  oonsbis  of  speaking  evil  of  the 
Deity  with  an  impious  purpcte  to  derogate 
from  the  divine  miiyesty,  and  to  alienate  the 
minds  of  othen  firom  uie  reverence  of  God. 
It  b  porpotely  nting  wordt  concerning  God 
calculated  and  darigned  to  impair  and  deitroy 
the  reverence,  riqieet,  and  confidence  due  to 
him  u  the  intelligent  Creator,  ruler,  and  Judge 
of  the  worid.  It  embraces  the  idea  of  detrac- 
tion, wiMn  used  towards  the  Supreme  Being; 
as  '« caUinny  "  usually  carries  the  same  idea 
when  apcikA  to  an  individual.  It  b  a  wilful 
and  malicioas  attempt  to  lessen  men's  reve;:- 
ence  of  God  by  denying  hb  exbtence,  or  lib 
altributet  at  an  intelligent  Creator,  governor, 
and  judge  of  men,  and  to  prevent  their  having 
confidence  in  him  aa  such.* 
The  statutea  of  the  difftrent  States  enacted 

Jintt  thb  offence  an  not  undentood  in 
cases  to  have  abnwated  the  common  law; 
the  rale  being  that  when  the  statute  does  not 
vary  the  daat  or  chancter  of  an  ofiance,  but 
only  antherites  a  particular  mode  of  .prooaed- 
ing  and  of  pnnishment,  the  sanction  k  cumnb- 
tive,  and  the  common  law  b  not  taken  away. 
Neither  thete  statutea  nor  the  common  lew 
doctrine  b  repognant  to  the  constitutions  of 
those  Statea  in  which  the  questkm  has  arisen.' 
Bmakimo  Bouc.  Thb  doctrine  proceeds 
upon  the  gronnd  of  a  determination  of  the 


.  ^    ;  «  Me.  49i.  Baai^ 

fw.itaMw.  C.J.  rS^iiis.i 

leVei.lJl.lv.:  aomek.i 


I,  'BtSJ  sei'Jp. „. 

r-H«u^  Llk.  k  S.  i 
4  •  Johaa.  Stat  4 
r«w.  ia|. 


I 


k 
f 


I 


11*^11111111' 


LAW. 


If  ' , 


purity  of  tiM  bitilmciit  bjr  Ih*  wronffel  act  of 
the  Milce.  Thu*,  when  a  canicr  hu  •gned 
to  carry  certain  bale*  of  |{aod«  which  were  de- 
livered to  him,  to  SoutiMinplon,  bvt  carried 
them  to  anoi  ti  !r  place,  broke  open  the  bales, 
took  the  good*  contained  in  theni  feloniootly, 
and  converted  them  to  hit  own  uu,  the  ma- 
jority of  the  judges  held  that  if  the  party  had 
Mid  the  entire  balee  it  would  not  nave  been 
Monv ;  "  but  at  he  broke  them,  and  took  what 
waj  in  them,  he  did  it  without  warrant,"  and 
was  so  guilty  of  a  felony.*  If  a  miller  ttealt 
part  of  the  meal,  "  although  the  con  was  given 
to  him  to  grind,  nevertheless  if  he  steal  it,  it  is 
•  felony,  beingtr.ken  from  the  rest."^ 

BriakinoDoom.    See  Arkut,  above. 

BUREKV  is  the  (giving  or)  receiving  or 
oCning  any  un-iue  reward  by  or  to  any  penon 
wbomtoever,  whose  ordinary  profession  or 
Iwlinees  relates  to  th^e  administratian  of  public 
justice  (as  well  M  all  other  officers),  in  order 
to  influence  his  behavior  in  office,  aiul  to  in- 
duce him  to  act  coutrary  to  his  duly,  and  the 
known  rules  of  honesty  and  integrity.'  An 
attempt  to  bribe,  though  unaacoeasfnl,  has  been 
holden  to  be  criminal,  and  the  oflender  n»y  be 
indicted^ 

Brothel  is  a  bawdy  house;  a  ocnnon 
habitation  of  pmadtntes.  Such  places  have 
always  been  deemed  conmon  nuisances.  For 
a  hittoty  of  these  pemicioas  plaees.' 

BuGOKRY.    See  Sodomy,  Iielow. 

BiJROLARY  h  the  breaktiig  and  enteriiw  the 
house  of  another  in  the  night  time,  with  Inlent 
to  commit  a  felonv  therein,  wheUier  the  fdony 
be  actuallv  commuted  or  nasJ 

1.  To  be  burglary  the  hreaUM  and  entry 
must  be  felonious ;  if  a  felony,  however,  be 
committed,  the  act  will  be  frimojktte  evi- 
dence of  an  intent  to  commit  it*  If  the 
breaking  and  entry  be  with  an  intentioa  to 
commit  a  treqiaas,  or  other  misdemeanor,  and 
nothing  further  is  done,  the  oAeoce  will  not  be 
bari^aiy.' 

2.  To  be  bwgbury,  there  must  be  both  a 
breakii^  and  aa  entry,  or  as  exit  A*  actual 
breaking  takas^place  w^n  the  bvdar  fareaka  or 
removes  any  p*rt  of  the  bouse  or  Sie  fjMteninfs 
provided  for  it,  with  violence.*  Breaking  a 
window,  taking  a  pane  of  glass  oat,  by  hreak. 
ing  or  bending  the  nails  or  other  fiiatenings;' 
cutting  and  tearing  down  a  netttng  of  twine 

»-i3  B4w.  IV.  Fol.  g, 

'7.l»i_4Bt-CoeMui»i  I  IUis.Cr.ijft.  y» 
j(U;  4Biirr.Haoi  Co.  jilnt.'Myi  •CMMb.SL,.  _ 
Wa*h.M-  t  vrOHi.iija:  a  Id. T&e.  ilCi  MirHn 
Rcpirt:  #«nAI;  PsNtt  DuchaMllat;  Dtt^frMli- 
Mftn  d»mt  Im  UtitMim  tur  In  MnmmtJ'liMfmi, 
«rc..porM.8i£3^.  l-Co.34Imt.«|:  I  iCJ^Cr. 
*JSV!^JS-  C'. Cfc.  si,  I «»«  L  ».  CoauB.  M4!  « 
,J>I.Cr.Ch.  >5.|i,p.  461  ■SoM.Cr.a:  Rmc. 
1:7  Mhs.  •».    «•!.  G^bbpu 


Dan. 


■»!■ 


tCeM,44>: 


Cr.  £.  MS.    ■•»  Ibas.  H%i  ««  Vt  mi  ;  jHsJe  ft.  Cr. 

^J  *S»-?''P-»°»«*'*'K»L»lr*^Cr:^*  ••• 
BhboDCr.  L. | i«ck  m-i  C.  ft  P.  gan;  9  Id/M:  > 
ftuH.  m  R.  34ii  499 :  ilicerii  Cr.  C«a.  406.  %4  PIcli. 
iMijM.  .■*•  $m«tr,  4li :  «  C.  h  P.  w •JP''*W^' 

iHIn,  3jS;  4  Id.  437:  S5  Me.  SCO.  n-i  Ruu.  ft  K. 
i^Sr*}'*     t-t  Mood.  Cr.Cas.  377;   but  km  4  Cut.  ft 


nailed  over  an  open  window  ;<  raisiM  a  IstcK 
when  the  door  is  not   otherwixe   (ssicned; 

Kicking  open  a  lock  with  ■  TsIhc  liey :  puitinf{ 
sck  the  lock  of  a  door,  or  the  fastening  o(  a 
window,  with  an  instrument  •  lowering  a  win- 
dow fastened  only  by  a  wedge  or  weight;* 
turning  the  key  when  the  door  ii  locked  on 
:he  inside,  or  unloosening  any  other  Aurtening 
which  the  owner  hsa  provideii ;  lifting  a  trap 
door;'  are  several  instances  ol  actual  breaking.* 
C6n*tructive  breakings  occur  when  the  burglar 
gains  an  entnr  hv  fraud  ;*  by  conspiracy  {  or 
threau.*  The  breaklhg  of  an  inner  door  of 
the  house  will  be  snmcient  to  constitute  a 
burglary.*  And  even  the  least  entry,  witli  the 
whMe  or  anv  part  of  the  body,  hand,  or  foot, 
or  with  any  instrument  or  weapon  introduced 
for  the  purpose  of  committing  a  felony,  will  be 
saiBcient  to  constitute  the  raence.'  But  the 
introduction  of  au  instrument  in  the  act  of 
breaking  the  house  will  not  be  sufficient  entry, 
unless  it  be  introduced  for  the  purpose  of  com- 
mitting a  felony.*  The  whole  physical  finsme 
need  not  pass  within.' 

3.  To  be  burglary,  it  must,  in  maeral,  he 
committed  in  a  mansion  or  dwaliag-bMse, 
actiudly  occupied  as  a  dwe"Sg:  tmt  if  it  be 
left  bv  the  owner  with  an  .^tion  of  return- 
ing, though  no  person  rr  t  in  it  in  his  ab- 
sence, it  is  still  his  niL .-"  ^  or  Mdence.* 
But  burglary  may  be  com  icd  in  a  cbwch  at 
common  hw,*  or  in  a  i:  ,<«,  warehouse,  bam, 
vessel,  or  railway  coach  or  car.  It  must  be  in 
the  dwelHnib  e'- ,  of  another  peison.* 

4.  To  be  burglary,  the  oAence  must  be  com- 
mitted in  the  night;  for  in  daytime  there  can  be 
noboishuy.*  Forthispurpoae  it  is  deemed  night, 
when  by  the  light  of  the  snn  a  penon  cannot 
deariy  discern  the  face  or  eoantenance  of  an- 
other.* This  rule  docs  not  appSy  to  mowiUght.' 
The  breaking  and  entering  need  iMt  be  done 
the  aame  night,*  but  it  is  necesHuy  the  break- 
ing and  entering  should  be  in  thft  night-time ; 
for  if  the  brcaiking  be  in  daylight,  and  the 
enteijiw  fa*  in  the  night,  or  vf«r  vtrut,  i^  will 
not  be  MTglaiy.* 

Calrmoar  ia  a  record  containing  a  list  of 
prtsooers,  their  motes,  the  time  wiwa  .they 
were  oomasitted,  and  h*  whom,  and  the  cause 
and  time  vi  their  commitments.  1 

Catax  Dou.  When  one  has  sufficient  mind 
and  undcntaBdlng  to  be  made  reqxmsible  fer 

ftP.ssi.  ■•iMas*.47(.  ▼•iCmwf.ftD.Cr.Cas.sM; 


Hob.  w.  „  ^ 


i«Ohlo.)a|l:  !>  M.4<3; 
;  ald.a!  a 

ft  D^ 639  a  WBim  Ci 


1  fittaan,  4ti 


.  ,     ir-i  Rim.  Or. 
It*  rc.  ft  Kiwi  «HIB 


vTii^. 


Jood.  Cr.  Cas.  1^:  1  uaaseno.  l.  174. 
Cr.  L.9II-I3:  «  Oabbatt Cr.  V.  176. 
Rawle,  aa>7!  to  Cadi.  47^.    k^sCosCr. 


«    maaep 

^■*pi.fe 


•  RwM.  Cr3a;  VM.  ITios/iS  M>f'. 


\3amm.im; 
aoaaCaSB. 

ft  un.  tir.  tt  Tbut  ace  Vmiaotlbiis.  gV  Oia.  Dfe  9to 
lun (P  a):  a  Chil^ Cr.  L.  1090. 


Itun.Cr.  j 


^^gj^ft*?'-  <i»l> 


'•-U.,.,..-,,, 


^-■vt'-,¥  ■'^^"'1  *Wi^l>^-<«iraWri5?««*ft-KKitf^«i  s«»i3^««*LiiiiH'l(ii*Bi« 


011  wi«(tow ;«  raMiM;  a  iMd^ 
b  not  othcrwiM  u»>cn«d; 
ck  with  ■  f«l)te  key  :  putting 
I  door,  or  the  futening  of  a 
intlniro«nl  >  lowering  »  win- 
y  by  •  wrdge  nr  weight  i* 
rhen  the  door  is  lockeci  on 
aoeening  any  other  tetening 
hM  provided ;  lifting  a  trap 
initanceii  ol  actual  breaking.* 
lingt  occur  when  the  burglar 

frauds*  by  conspiracy;  or 
reakliig  of  an  inner  door  oi 
w  wlScient  to  conttHvl*  a 
nrcn  the  leaat  entry,  wiik  the 
I  of  the  body,  band,  or  fool, 
iment  or  weapon  introduced 
committing  a  fielony,  will  be 
itttte  the  ofence^  But  the 
1  iootrument  in  the  act  of 
B  will  not  be  mflicient  mtry, 
need  for  the  pnrpoae  uf  com- 

The  whole  phyiUad  firame 
lin.' 

ary,  it  most,  in  Mneral,  be 
mansion  or  dweuiog-houe, 
aa  a  dwe"Sg:  bat  if  it  be 
with  an  jticn  of  ratnm- 
srton  n  i  in  it  in  hi*  ab- 
his  Bb  .■"  m  or  i^tddcBce.* 
be  com  ied  in  a  church  at 
in  a  i:  <«,  warchooM,  bam, 
coach  or  car.  Il  most  ha  in 
of  another  person.* 
iry,  the  offence  most  be  eom- 
t;  for  in  daytime  there  can  be 
bis  pnrpoae  n  is  deemed  night, 
of  the  san  a  peis<»  cannot 

face  or  eovntenance  of  an- 
locs  not  apply  to  mooalight.' 
i  entering  need  not  be  £ne 
at  it  is  neoBisaiy  the  break- 
ihonld  be  in  tk<.  night-time; 
^  be  in  daylight,  and  the 
B  night,  or  viet  una,  i^  will 

i  record  containing  a  Hat  of 
ames,  the  time  wiiea  they 
ind  M  whom,  and  the  canae 
MMnmnments.  i 

Vlien  one  has  suilident  mind 
;  to  be  made  lesponsiUe  fer 


46.  v-i  Cmwf  ft  D.Cr.  Cis.  «•; 
lA;  9  Ind.  4/t).  W-i  Rum.  Cr. 
d.  ■ :  ■  CbittyjC^.  L.  tow. 


Aitt*  cr.  L.  tow.    M.| 
li.rC.ftF«y;  tH» 

. ,(B?f  5 

Lndi  Cr,CM.(4diEd.)«a«;  I 


iG«UMRCr.L.i|4.   x.tMMi> 


iTMw,  at .  rc  ft  f . »,;  I  Mm 
'Ay&nrjK«B?ffe.V 


hop 

WeKCr.sfoj  6p.sdInM.lj; 

mAm.tft.     mBLGeaua.aK4: 

H.  losi  6  MIm.  m:  MasOMfc. 

^417.    fc-i  Hale  H.  Cr.  sji;  f 

Cr.  L.  loga. 


LAW. 


493 


hu  actions,  he  is  deemed  capax  dolt  (capable 
of  committing  crime.) 

Caknal  KNOWI.BIX3K  is  sexual  connection ; 
this  term  is  generally,  if  not  exclusively,  ap- 
plied to  the  act  of  the  male.  The  term  "  car- 
nally knew,"  is  a  technical  phrsse  essentia]  in 
an  indictment  to  charge  the  defendant  with  the 
crime  of  rape.  No  other  worda,  nor  circum- 
locution will  answer,'  their  omission  renders 
the  indictment  bad  on  demurrer,  but  is  cured 
by  a  verdict<l 

Carryino  Away  is  such  a  removal  of,  or 
Liking  into  possession,  personal  property  as  is 
required  in  order  to  constitute  the  crime  of 
larceny.  Any  removal,  however  slight,  of 
the  entire  nrticle,  which  is  not  attached  either 
to  the  soil  or  to  any  other  thing  not  removed, 
in  lufficient,*  thus,  to  snatch  a  diamond  from  a 
lady's  ear,  which  is  insUntly  dropped  among 
the  curls  of  her  hair  ;■  to  remove  sneets  from  a 
bed  and  carry  them  into  an  adjoining  room;* 
to  take  plate  ^om  a  trunk,  and  lay  It  on  the 
floor  witn  intent  to  cany  it  eway;"  to  remove 
a  package  tnm  one  part  of  a  wagon  to  another, 
vith  a  view  to  steal  lt;»  have  respectively  been 
holden  to  be  felonies.  But  nothing  less  *hm 
iuch  a  severance  will  be  sufficient.* 

Castration  is  the  act  of  gelding.  When 
this  act  is  malidonsly  perlbrmed  npon  a  man,  it 
i»  a  mwhem,  and  panUhaUe  as  sach,  although 
the  snflerer  consented  to  it  ;<  the  pnnishraenMs, 
generally,  fee  and  imprisonment.  By  the 
ancient  law  of  England  the  crime  was  pun- 
ished bv  retaliation— member  for  member.'  By 
the  civil  law  the  punishment  wu  by  death.* 
The  conseqnencea  of  castration,  when  com- 
plete, are  impotence  and  sterility.* 

Chaixbho*  b  a  reqaast  bjr  one  person  to  an- 
other to  fight  a  duel.  It  mav  be  oral  or  written.* 
Sending  a  challenge  is  a  high  offmoe  at  common 
law,  and  indictable  aa  tendinj  to  a  breach  of 
thepeMc.7  He  who  carries  a  challenge  ia  also 
punbhaUe  by  indictment*  In  most  States  this 
prsction  is  panishaUe  fagr  q>edal  laws.' 

CilANCi>i»Dlxy  is  a -sudden  efTny;  this 
word  is  sometimes  applied  to  any  kind  of 
homicide  by  misadventure,  bat  in  strictness  is 
applicaUe  lo  such  killing  only  as  happens  in 
defending  one's  •elf.' 
CHARAcrER.  See  title  Eyidimcs,  ante. 
Charu.  See  Aocuiati|H;  Bill  or  Ik- 
mcTMSNT,  above.  ^ 

CHAtrmr  is  that  viitne  vhidi  prevents  the 
nnlawfiil  commerce  of  the  sexes.  Sending  a 
letter  to  a  married  woman,  soliciting  her  to 
commit  adultery,  is  an  iadictnble  oOence.*  So- 

l-Cem.  Dte.  MkimmU:  t  Ral.  PI.  Cr.  6« ;  1  Chitiv 
Cr.  U  •»»!  Co.  Uti.  IJ7.  J-i  Kaa.  Cr.Cii.  <»6^  « 
Eut  «:&.  441.  It;.  BwCpCr.  L.  Ifc,:  i  Ui^. 
Cr  ^»:  »*i  •  D«nl.  Cr.  Cm.  4«i  f  Cow,  43».    I-i 


lidtation  of  chastity  is  in  some  States  an  in- 
dictable offence.  Words  charging  a  women 
with  a  violation  of  chastity  are  aciionahle  in 
themselves,  because  they  charge  her  wuh  a 
crime  punishable  by  Uw,  and  of  a  character 
calculated  to  degrade,  ditgrace,  and  exclude 
her  from  society.*  A  woman  may  defend  her 
chastity  by  killing  her  assailant.  See  Srlf- 
drpknck,  below. 

Chrat  is  deceitful  practices  in  defrauding 
or    endeavoring  to  defraud   another   of   his 
known  ri^ht,  ^  some  wilful  device,  contrary 
totheplam  rules  of  c(iiiini<  n  honcKly.*    It  is 
the  fraudulent  obtain iii|[;  <>'  iho  property  of  an- 
other by  any  deceitful  ami  illegal  practice  or 
token  (short  of  felony)  which  affecU  or  may 
affect  the  public.     In  order  to  constitutn  a 
cheat  or    indictable  fraud,  there  must  he  a 
prejudice  or  injury  received  t  and  such  'njuiy 
must  aflect  the  public  welfare,  or  have  a  tend- 
ency so  to  d.>.*    A  cheat,  in  order  to  be  in- 
dictable at  common  law,  must  hove  been  prob- 
able  in  its  nature,  by  being  cslculated  to  de- 
fraud numbers,  or  to  deceive  or  injure  the 
public  in  general,  or  by  affecting  the  public 
trade  or  revenue,  the  public  health,  or  being  in 
fraud  of  public  justice,  etc.    And  yet  cheats, 
apparently  private,  have  been  held  to  be  in- 
dicuble  at  common  Uw,  it  appearing  upon  ex- 
amination to  involve  considerations  of  a  public 
nature,  or  founded  in  conspiracy  or  by  forgery. 
Thus,  it  is  not  (urtlew  so  provided  by  statute) 
indictable  for  a  man  to  obtain  goods  by  false 
verbal  rcwesenUtions  of  his  credit  in  society, 
and  of  hU  ability  to  pay  for  them,*  or  to 
violate  his  contract,  however  fraudulently  it  be 
broken,*  or  fraudulently  to  deliver  a  less  quan- 
tf^rof  amber  than  was   contracted  for  and 
represented,'  or  to   receive   good    barley  to 
grind,  and  to  return  instead  a  musty  mixtura 
of  btrley  and  oatmeal.* 

To  cheat  a  man  of  his  moaey  or  goods,  by 
using  false  weighu  dr  false  measures,  has 
been  indictable  at  common  law  from  time  im- 
memorial.* 

CORRaoN.  Dirtrtorfontw  totreion  takes 
place  when  a  man  is  by  physical  force  com- 
pelled to  do  an  act  contrary  to  his  will.  Im- 
^ud  totrtim  exists  where  a  person  is  legally 
under  subjection  to  anpther,  and  is  induced  in 
consequence  of  such  subjection  to  do  an  act 
contrary  to  his  will. 

As  «^  is  necessary  to  the  commission  of  a 
crime,  or  the  making  of  a  contract,  a  person 
coerced  into  either  has  no  will  on  the  subject, 
and  ic  not  rosponsible.'    The  command  of  a 


•>!  «l^.*>Ji 


W-3  Ciaach  C. 


S  »<H(.  ijT :  J  WhmlerCr.  Cm.  145. 

i1«.     «  «  BIiiMm  Cr.  L.  »  ■7d-*». 

««4.     »7  Conn.  M;   see  i4l>aim.iit. 


y-4  M.  Coaun.  1*4.    m±  Co 
»1«.    a-r  Cobb,  ivi  •  8  PleV. 

ftSUml. 

B-i  East. 

r.  L.aaj. 

;   iW;B 

tn :  I  D^.  ft  M.  *,.    The  lav  upon  iho  lapomiaUtv 
*M  r*^ *f«^*» «*»•«» fcJIy statsd loTB«imu 


«-«Mau. 


L  199 :  I  Dmcob  Cr.  L.  aaj. 

•37.    **»irr."i5;   i  W;  W.  tn. 

|l-i.0abb«l  Cr.  L.  101  i  I  GiwbI.  Ev 


7«.    e-i  Maw. 
M.  ft  S.  n4. 

6  Mais.  n. 


ftH 


Laad.  Cr.  Cas.  ]«-«7. 


*!' 


I 


*!!■ 


I- 

'1 
p: 


'»mmmmmmm.M 


w 


494 


LAW. 


•uperior  tc  u  InfaHor^  of  •  punmt  to  a  cMM,* 
or  a  mastar  to  ht«  Mrvant,  or  a  princi|*al  to  hia 
agent,'  may  amount  to  oocrckm. 

An  to  pertoni  actinf  nndtr  th*  comtraint  of 
ouperior  power,  and,  tlMrtlora,  not  eriailnalljr 
amenable,  the  principal  oaia  ia  that  of  a  mar- 
ried woman,  with  rcaptct  to  whom  the  law 
racogniiaa  certain  praaumptiooa  i  Ihua,  if  a  wife 
commit*  a  felony,  other  than  treaaon  or  homi- 
cide, or,  perhapa,  highway  robbery,  in  company 
with  her  husband,  the  law  preiumea  that  ih« 
acted  under  hit  coercion,  and,  conMqucntly, 
without  any  guilty  intent,  uiileia  the  fact  of 
non-coercion  It  distinctly  proved."  TMs  pre- 
wmption  appean,  on  tome  oo'xsiMia,  to  have 
bean  conclusive,  and  is  still  practtoally  ragarded 
in  no  very  different  light,  mpociuly  where 
the  crime  ia  of  a  flagrant  character ;  but  the 
better  opinion  seems  to  be  that  in  every  cas« 
(he-  presumption  may  be  rtbntted  by  poshiva 
proof  that  the  woman  acted  as  a  firee  agent.* 
And  a  married  woman  cannot  be  convicted 
under  anv  drcamttances  aa  a  receiver  of  stolen 

Roods,  when  the  property  haa  been  taken  by 
er  hnsband,  and  given  to  her  br  him.* 
Whether  the  doctrine  of  ooerdon  extends  to 
any  misdemennor  may  admit  of  aome  doubt ; 
but  the  better  opinion  aeems  to  be  that,  p«v- 
vidad  the  miademeanor  is  of  a  seriona  nature, 
at,  for  exmaple,  the  uttering  of  baa*  coin,  the 
wife  will  be  protacted  in  Uka  manner  aa  in 
caaes  of  felony »  although  it  haa  bam  distinGtly 
held  that  tlM  >pR>ieclion  doea  not  axlend  to 
aisaults  and  batteriea,  or  to  the  offMwtaf  keep- 
ing a  facotbel.*  Itbprahablethatinailinicrior 
inudemaaaoia  tUa  presumption,  if  ndmitted  at 
all,  would  ba  held  liaUa  to  b«  deiMtad  by  far 
lam  stringent  evidence  o4  the  wifa'a  active  oo- 
operatioa  than  would  suffice  in  caeca  of  fclony.* 
For  the  law  upon  the  responsibility  of  married 
women  for  crime.* 

Common  Scold  ia  one  who  bv  paetic«  of 
frequent  acolding  diaturba  ttia  ■mglihoriiood  < 
The  oSmca  of  being  a  common  aeoM  it  oog> 
niaabia  at  common  law.  It  is  a  partianlar  form 
of  naisMKia,  and  waa  punishable  l>y  the  imck- 
ing-ttool  at  GoauMm  law ;  but  this  punishment 
is  aubatitnied  by  fi»«  aitd  imprisojinMnL* 

COMTLAINT  is  an  accusation  made  to  a 
proper  officer  that  some  penon,  whether  known 
or  unknown,  haa  baea  guilty  of  a  designated 
offence,  with  an  offer  to  prove  llw  fiut,  and  a 
re<|Bast  that  the  offiBadar  mmr  ba  miniiked.  It 
is  also  a  technical  term,  daasi^ptim  of  pr»- 
oeadiagt  before  a  magistrate.*  To  banrt  a  legal 
effiwt  aa  coasplaint  must  ba  tnppwrtad  by  audi 
evidence  as  wows  that  an  ooencn  has  been 


iM.<>ad.'Cr.  Cat.  II4I.     -  ..^-..-_ 

Dtalo O.  Cm.  mA.    »•  Lav-  Cr. Cm, Mf  2 1.C. MP. 


ooMunUtad,  and  rendeia  it  cortain  or  prolMhie 
that  it  waa  oomaaittad  bv  tka  ponoM  aaaawl  or 
daacribad  in  the  complaint 

The  general  and  spedie  raqaisHaa  of  « 
complaint  are  stated  at  lamrth  under  tka  tille 
AocutATiON,  above.  8ao  Baminatiom,  be- 
low. 

CoatromrDiNO  A  numt  la  the  act  of  the 
party  immediately  aggrieved,  or  of  the  offiear  in 
chawa  of  the  prosecution,  who  agraas  with  tht 
thief  or  other  felon  that  ha  will  not  ptoaacute 
him,  on  condition  that  ha  ratwn  to  Mm  the 
goods  stolen,  or  who  takaa  n  nmud  not  to 
proaaente.  Thia  is  an  ofcnen  pnabkahia  by 
fine  or  imprisonment,  or  both,  and  at  eomnon 
law  nmHerad  the  parson  ooauiwtbigttaa  neeea- 
sory.*  A  failura  to  pwtocnto  te  aa  aaaault 
witb  an  inUnt  to  kill  li  not  oomBOwMUag  • 
felony.*  The  accepting  of  a  promMMjr  aote, 
signed  by  a  party  gwlty  of  a  lanMqri  •■  •  Mn- 
tidaration  nr  not  proaacntiwg,  b  wffiataiil  to 
constitute  the  olhnce.*  Th«  bmm  rataUag  by 
the  oemer  of  stolen  gocdi  la  ao  oAnoa,  aueiw 
the  oflendar  ia  act  to  bo  piwiaatod.* 

The  cownwandinf  a  Moof  li  aa  iadiolabic 
oAence,  and  ao  actioa  «an  ha  MMWtodIa  any 
contract  of  wUck  sach  cAaea  b  na  eoaaitea- 
tion  in  whola  or  ia  part* 

COMfOONnUtO  O*  MHHMUMfWH  li  alM  a 


pervaiaion  or  dshating  of  aablto  janlca,  aad  in 
in  like  maaaar  aa  Indietabb  olhai 


akooMBon 
law.*  But  Ika  law  will  panait  a  aotoffgowi**! 
of  any  affinea,  though  amda  tka  Mri^Mk  «f  a 
criminal  moaeiBMioa,  fer  whhk  tka  marad 

Siity  might  reoovar  daaMgaa  la  a  ahril  aelion. 
at  if  the  oabaea  tooTa  aablla  aatoa,  ao 
agreement  can  ba  vnM  that  b  fanaiad  oa  the 
consideratioa  of  stiffing  a  yiuiiirtia  l<M  it.' 
A  receipt  in  full  of  audaaMnda  glvaa  oa  con- 
sideratioa of  Biiffitatg  a  erimiaal  Btcaaiillaa  in 
void.* 

CowyPMuaf  b  aa  ig^i—w ii  hi>aaaa  two 
or  more  jpatsoaa  to  do  aa  ankwftil  ast^  or  an 
act  whidi,  thoagk  aot  aalawM  ia  feMlf,  ha- 
coBMa  ao  by  the  ccafidanMf^  Tkatodmbal 
term  nauall^  ea^o^  to  aifBlQr  Ob  dferica  b 
conspifncy, 

Cmtvuiioit.    8aolMcBviDM0%i  ^ 

ComnRACY bacombinall«i( ' 

crimiaal  ofkturiawM 
ij)Uah  acma  pwpoaa,  aot'ia ' 
or  «ahMafy»  by  wiwiaal  cr  aahiwftpl  aaaM.* 
The  tarma  "orimlaal"  aad  "aaiawlU**  am 
used  becaaaa  H  b  amalft*  that  ■aavaobfia 
nalawM  wMaii  ara  act  paablMkh  hf  iadbt- 
meat  or  other  public  ptoaacatiaa,  tad  yet  tkart 


Kitn  It  cwlain  or  pniiM* 

tad  b*  tka  PtnoN  murwI  or 

■pbht 

4   apaciie  MqvWlw  of  « 

id  •!  Iwurtk  imdar  the  tkl« 

•.    8m  Ibamimatiom,  be- 

,  nvomt  li  iIm  Ml  of  Um 
iggriavod,  or  of  iIm  oikar  In 
crndon,  who  ti§nm  wMi  Um 
I  that  ho  will  Ml  pfOMCvle 
that  ho  ntara  to  Mai  Um 
rho  Ukoo  0  nworri  Ml  to 
I  M  oAmo  powhhohlo  by 
nl,otboih,oM  at  ooaMMn 
mon  ooaBMlllui|(  II  OB  oocas* 
(0  Bwaacoto  fcr  aa  oMialt 
kill  la  Ml  oeaiMiiHidiac  • 
ipdnf  01  a  pioaMWwjr  MtCi 
«llt7  of  a  lanaajr*  aa  •  ooo- 
[MOiOBlIm,  ia  aaHnJaiH  to 
BO.*    Tho  BMNNlaUat by 

lu  lia  pmaaatai  " 

If  a  Moajf  la  an  ladloiable 

«•  «ut  ho  auMfladki  any 


aeh 

w  manaaAiiou  ia 


italdrHridlo^HlloOb  audio 


Rdielahlo  oAmo  at  oewBMNi 

M^  nado  Iho  aal()ootof  a 
ao,  fcr  whkh  iho  i^jwrad 
rteMMO  ki  aohril  Miloa 
iaoTa  MhiU  Mim,  ac 
raHd  Aal  bteiAad  o« 
Mbw  a  MOM 
rdTdaoMMh 
f  a  nriilMl  pmaiKlw  it 


the 
faff  It.' 


B  do  aa  MriawM  M^  or  an 

BOC  VMMVral  HI  WMVf  B^* 

iQsfidifMyb  1%#liii|HGtK 
yodtoaifaMyihtooAiooie 

00  iMo  Bmaie^  mli. 

ulMHUpw] 

lateal  Off  vdawMi  MaMM** 
ImI"  Hii  "wkwAd"  are 
■aaital  Aat  aaiHraalavN 
o  Ml  paahhihli  by  ladiei- 
le  ymafiiitkwtaad  yot  ihow 

a. u.  IMS  Meaeaa.  1*. 
HHWiae  n,  Cr>  n|<    ta  w 


LAW. 


49S 


li  M  denht  that  a  combiiuUkm  bf  aumbari  lo 
do  thaaa  to  an  vnlawfal  oonepinwy,  aad  pun- 
ithablo  by  iBdlctiMnl.k  Of  thi*  cbanctar  WM 
•  coMptraoy  tochoat  by  thlm  protmicca  withuut 
r>lto  lohoM^  whan  a  chw  by  falia  prMencet 
only,  by  aelagla  ponon,  wae  not  a  pantohable 
oMaoo.*  So  «  ooabinalioa  to  doMroy  the 
repotadoa  of  aa  Individual  by  verbal  calumny, 
which  to  not  tadielable.«  So.aoon^iiraeytoln- 
•luce  and  panaado  a  ronag  fonalo,  by  Use  pre- 
iinnioaa,  to  lanva  tho  nouaion  of  her  parenu' 
homo.  wMi  a  view  to  fteilitato  her  ptoatkation.* 
So,  a  ooMpiiacy  by  falao  and  franduiant  ropn- 
Kcntallona  that  a  hotaa  bought  by  one  of  the 
iUrendaala  fro*  tho  proaecutor  waa  umound, 
10  indnoo  hfan  to  accept  a  leea  ettm  Ibr  the 
bono  than  tho  agnad  price.'  So,  a  conepiracy 
bv  indan  to  dtopoeo  of  their  goods  In  ooniem- 
piatioa  of  baaknvtcy,  with  intent  to  defraud 
their  endito(B.a 

A  eoaabinaltoa  to  go  into  a  theatra  to  htos  an 
kctori^^to  indiel  far  tho  parpoM  of  ealoMing 
money  |<  to  diaigo  a  penon  with  being  tho 
riuhorof  •  banard  chUdtl  to  coefoo  joameymen 
htdaaasdaUi^Ktoof  wageat"  tochargo 
iitaiaoa with pohoaing another |i  toelectthe 


I  pevBon 
pnoo  of 


loo  of  pnblio  atocka  by  fatoo  raaoni*  to 
prevant  eoaMMiliua  at  aa  anetian  t»  havoeach 
been  hold  iadictaUo. 

Ia  order  to  raador  Iho  oftnoo  ooauiate,  it  to 
not  BOOoaaanOat  any  act  should  be  done  ia 
punaaaoo  of  Iho  nnlawfid  agroemoat  ontorod 
into  iMtwoaa  Iho  pmiee,  or  that  any  ORO  shoald 
have  boaa  deAaaded  or  injured  by  itf  the  coo- 
•pinMy  to  tho  otot  of  tho  crime.* 

A  wUfcl  and  oomnt  ooaqpiracy  to  cast  away, 
bwTi,«rotharwtao  daatroy  any  ahto  or  voaael. 
with  iaiaat  to  ii^ara  aay  underwriter  theroon. 
or  tho  fooda  oa  boaid  tharaai;  or  aay  loader 
ofiaMMwaaaadi  voaaal  oa  bottomry  or  ra- 
fpnaihafr  to  a  Moay,  aad  Iho  oiwder  pun- 
"jwbto  hy  flao^jwt  wcoodlng  lea  thooaaad 


•t  haid  hbor  aot  onooding  tea  yuan.* 

QMnMOloOa  Uaoumm  an  thoao  dtoeaaes 
wUeh  aia  oapahlo  of  baii«  twniarittod  by 
mcdwte  or  laHaadiato  oaaiact  ParMna  sick 
of  hnIi  dhoadon  aHqr  raaMOn  te  their  own 
hooaaM  kat  are  tadieiablo  fcr  expoaiiw  thcM. 
^TSll^a*^  »i5^  "KUniping  tCa  pab- 
lie  Natoaaoaa  which  pmdiMo  aaeh  dtooMaa 
navbaabaMd.* 

CoHfieiMli  kikat  l^praeaadiaffof  raoMd 


M|]>-Mf.Nil 


J9l, 


.Vk 


wMch  atceruina  tho  gnilt  of  the  party  and  upoa 
which  the  sentence  or  Judgment  is  founded. 
Summary  conviction  to  one  that  takesplace  befora 
an  Bulhorisod  magistrate  or  court  without  the  In- 
tervention of  a  Jary.  Conviction  mutt  procedo 
iudgateat  or  lentenee,*  but  is  not  necessarily 
followed  by  It.*  Gonerslly,  when  several  are 
chMTged  ia  the  same  indictment,  a  put  may  bo 
coaWolod  and  tho  others  acquitted.*  but  not 
where  a  Joint  oflbnco  to  ehaiged.*  A  penon 
cannot  bo  convicted  of  part  of  an  offence 
chvgod  in  an  IndictmeLt,  except  by  statute.* 
A  conviction  prevents  a  second  proeecution  for 
tho  same  offmoe.'  Summary  convictions,  being 
obtained  by  proceedings  in  "It!  ixigation  of  the 
common  tow,  mast  be  obtained  strictly  In  par. 
suanco  of  tho  provtoioos  of  KMute-,'  and  tho 
record  mast  show  fully  that  all  the  proper  slepa 
have  been  taken,*  and  eapacially  tlKst  the  oowt 
had  Jurisdiction.!* 

Conviction  of  cortaki  crimes  when  accom. 
panied  by  judgment  dtoqnalifiea  the  person 
convicted  as  a  witoem,*  and  renders  him 
inmpablo  of  hoUUug  «ay  oOoe  of  trust  or 

Cool  BbooD  to  tho  condkton  of  one  who  b« 
Iho  calaa,  daliberato,  aad  uadistnrbed  use  of  his 
jaaaoB.  Ia  caaea  of  homicklo  it  frequently 
boMoaa  asrsssaiy  to  aaaertaia  whether  tho  tJi 

not,  ki 
giiUt.< 

CoouMO  TIMS  to  thottoao  forpasston  tos«b■ 
||idoaBdtkaraaaoatoiBtarpo•e.  Cooling  time 
<toatroya  tko  oAct  of  provocattoa,  leavingliaini. 
ado  murder  die  samo  aa  If  m  paovocatkm  had 
baongivoa.* 

Coama  Duion  (tho  body  of  the  oifencot 
thoaaaaoeo^dMcriaao).    It  to  a  general  mlo 

esttUtokad,  that  to,  nalil  tho  &cl  that  the  crinw 
baa  iMMtt^MtaaUy  parpetrsted  has  been  Ikit 
!*"»•»•  HeM%  on  a  charge  of  homicido  tho 
accnaad  ahoald  not  bo  convicted  unless  the 
death  bo  tot  dktlncUy  proved,  either  by  dkcct 
ovMeaao  of  the  fact,  or  by  Inapacthia  of  the 
body.t  laataneaa  have  occurred  of  a  person 
fa^  oasnicted  of  having  killed  anothcrVwh«v 

IJ*^v^  ??"^  ^^'^  bee  been  pat  tS 
daatkfar  Iho  piopeaed  o«knce,haa  made  hto 
meanaoo  alfra.  Hence  tho  wtodom  of  the 
mlot  bat  k  baa  been  qaaadoned  whether,  in 
it  amy  not  bo  competent  to 


aersmarr  to  

emhUlkigwaa  done  fai  oocl  bl^  or 
order  to  asoerlaki  tko  degrM  of  hto 


«ij.    *.R.M.qMrit.a3s;  <  Cose.  «.rVAAni7io: 


I 

y*^*4i 

m-K 


<i  nMuimb.MjIom.  in;  iGrau.M.    f-A 

^  >>Mdsi;.  wj'vj  «c.  i?>.  .Wr 


Ill    IWTI* 


LAW. 


I 


il 


prove  lh«  baaU  of  tha  tMfta  MUH  by  pn- 
•unptivt  tvidanca.i 

Tim  muunption  witiiif  from  tkc  poMwaion 
of  the  Tniita  of  crim*  nccntly  After  iu  com- 
miMioii,  whidi  in  all  cum  it  one  of  fiKt, 
rather  tlian  of  law,  U  occaaionally  lo  Mrong  ai 
to  rcndtr  anmcanary  an*  dirtct  proof  of  Wnat 
b  eallad  th«  nrfm  dthtti.  Thoa,  if  a  man 
war*  to  go  into  a  wine-cellar  whareiB  much 
wine  waa  Mowed,  qaita  lobet,  and  ihortly  after- 
wards wera  to  be  roand  very  dnrak,  Maoering 
oat  of  auch  cellar,  thia  would  ba  raaaonable 
evidence  that  the  man  had  atolea  aome  of  the 
wine  la  the  cellar,  though  no  proof  were  given 
that  any  particular  vat  htMl  been  bvoacbeil,  and 
that  my  wine  had  actually  been  mimed.' 

COBSirmoN  la  an  act  committed  with  an 
Inteat  to  give  tome  advantage  inoonaktent  with 
official  duty  and  the  rights  of  others.  It  in- 
dodea  bribery,  but  is  bmn*  comprehensive  i 
because  an  act  may  be  cormntlv  done,  though 
the  advantage  to  be  derivca  mm  it  be  not 
ofincd  by  another.' 

CucKiNO  Stool,  called  also  a  trebucket- 
tumbril,  and  caatigatorr,  was  an  engine  or 
machine  for  the  pnnialniient  of  scolds  and 
UB<iuiet  women.  JBakeit  and  brewera  were 
iDtmerhf  also  liable  to  the  same  punishment. 
Being  fastaasd  to  the  machine,  they  were  im- 
mmnsed  over  heed  and  eara  in  some  pooU 

CULnrr  is  a  penoa  guilty,  or  supposed  to 
be  guilty,  of  a  paoUe  offimoe. 

Dead  Body.  To  takeikpadead  body  with- 
out lawful  authoritv,  even  for  the  purpoae  of 
dissection,  ia  a  a^emeanor  for  which  the  of- 
lender  might  be  indicted  at  coouaon  law.* 
This  oteace  is,  in  gen«al,  punishable  by 
statute.  There  caa  be  ao  larceny  of  a  dead 
body/  but  may  be  of  the  clothaa  or  shroud 
upoa  iu*  Reawviag  a  dead  bo^  firoa  ita 
place  of  burial  to  aa  iadictable  oflanoe.    But 


whea  the  master  of  a  woridnwit,  having  aa  such 
'     possession  of  the  bodies  of  poapers 
who  died  taerein,  aad  wImh  tboruigre. 


thelawftil 


thoriaad  by  statute  to  penak  die  bodies  of  each 
paapen  to  nndei|io  unatoBikal  cxamiaatioo, 
aalam  to  his  kaowl«4ge  the  daesaaed  penon 
had  aipremsd  ia  Ua  lUSrtiaM.  ia  tiha  amaaer 
theivia  maatioaad,  his  daalfa  to  te  eeatniy, 
"oraakm  Ae  snrviviaf  hadiaad  or  wife,  or 
angr  kaowa  rriativt  of  the  deceased  penoa, 
shoold  requfate  the  body  to  be  iatomd  without 
sudi  euadadion,"  ia  arte  to  nreventOe 
reiativea  of  the  deoeaaed  aamMfs  mai  audiinf 
thia  rwiuirameat,  aad  to  mmI  Aem  to  brieve 
that  the  bodtaa  ware  buried  wi^»at  daaee- 
tioa,  showed  the  bodiee  to  the  lulMivea  fai 

tobetoae  thnas^, aadWiiv ^T^ ^'"'^ 
pnveated  the  rentives  nnott  aiaiciaf  the  re- 


quireuMat,  then  sold  the  bodies  Cor  dliaection, 
he  was  held  not  lo  he  indictable  at  cumman 
law.*  The  preventing  a  dead  body  from 
being  interred  ia  alao  an  indictable  oAcnce.' 
To  inter  a  dead  body  Tound  in  a  liver  would, 
it  aeema,  render  the  offender  liable  to  indict- 
ment for  a  misdemeanor,  nnlcaa  he  fini  sent 
for  a  coroner.^  The  leaving  unburied  the 
corpae  of  a  person  for  whom  tne  defendant  is 
bound  lo  provide  Chriitian  burial,  as  a  wife  or 
child,  it  an  indictable  niitdcmeanor,  if  he  ia 
ahown  to  have  been  of  ability  to  provide  sueh 
burial.' 

See  Medical  Law(  Dkath.  below,      i 

Dbclaeatiomi.    See  title  EviDtNCK,  ante. 

DtTAULTiMa  A  public  officer  or  any  other 
person  acting  in  a  fiauciary  capacity  becoming 
a  defaulter  is  liable  to  indictment  therefor. 

DiuBEaATioN.  See  AroannouoMT, 
above;  Peimboitation, below. 

DeuETION  is  aa  unlawful  abandonment  of 
the  pubUo  service  in  the  aranr  or  navy  i  the 
unlawftd  abaadonmeat  of  a  wife  or  child. 

DiacEBTiON  ia  the  ability  to  know  aad  dis 
tingulsh  between  good  and  evil,  betweea  what 
is  Ikwfel  aad  uuawful.  The  age  at  which 
childrsa  are  said  to  have  discretion  U  not  very 
accurately  ascertained.  Under  seven  Tears  it 
seems  that  no  dreumstaacea  of  misdiicvotts 
discretioa  caa  be  admitted  to  overthrow  the 
Btrong  preeumptioe  of  innocence  which  is 
raised  by  aa  age  so  tender.*  Between  the 
asea  of  sevea  aad  iburtecn,  the  infeat  is,/rf«i« 
fiuit,  destitate  of  criminal  design;  but  this 
presampdoa  dimiaishea  as  the  age  increases, 
and  evea  dariag  thia  interval  of  youth  may  be 
repelled  by  pontive  evidence  of  vicious  intsn- 
tioa ;  for  teadernom  of  years  will  not  excuse  a 
OMtnrity  ia  crime,  the  aiaxim  being,  **  atalice 
suppUaa  the  want  of  age."  At  faortecn  chil- 
dren are  said  to  have  acquirMl  legal  diacre- 
tioa.' 

DuoEonLV  Howe  ia  a  hooM  the  innrntes 
of  which  bdiave  so  badly  as  to  become  a 
nuisance  to  the  aeighboihood.  The  ke(iper 
of  sud  a  bouse  auy  oe  iadicted  for  aiaiatdn- 
ing  a  public  nuiaaace.' 

DitOKDBELT  Piaioili.  See  Gbmeeal 
STATOTBi. 

DuMrADlMO  a  witaem  from  giviag  erideacc 
uMinat  a  penon  indicted  is  aa  iadictable 
ofleace  at  common  law.*  The  amre  attempt 
to  sliie  evidence  ia  abo  criminal,  aMw^gh  the 
person  sbooM  not  succeed,  on  the  general 
prindpfo  ^at  an  iadtement  to  oooamit  a  crime 
IS  in  ittdferittiaal.' 

DOBLUMO  ia  the  tghting  of  two  panonp,  one 
aniast  the  oAar,  at  aa  appofaitaa  tiaw  aad 
place,  apon  a  preoedent  quarrel.  It  diffeta 
noaaanaftay  tnthiai  that  the  latter  occun  on 

lata  w\.  cr.  aj. 


•■I  Kaa*.  aga^  4-1  Otale  Cr. 

1^' 


I  8.  It  It. 


fc4T.R.ms4 


i<7.t<ft,a.   «.Ha«rk.^l>.lfii; 

qi.at,|ts.  Ii-i ««aii.Cr. 44 !•■■<«•  S.1 
•  SUraaia^fot;  tLaachCr.CiM.9as. 


l,aii«U.4«t,- 


««ii, 


I  Um  bodlM  for  dttMCtion, 
ht  indicUbU  at  common 
iling  a  dead  body  frtim 
1*0  an  Indictable  oifencc.* 
Ijr  found  In  a  iWer  would, 
I  offinder  llabit  to  Indict- 
eanor,  unlcM  h«  (int  atnt 
!°hfl  leavlnf  nnbiiricd  the 
or  whom  tne  defendant  U 
iriillan  burial,  as  a  wife  or 
ble  niiidcmeanor,  if  he  la 
of  ability  to  provide  taeb 

w;  Death,  below,      n 
See  title  EviDBNcm,  ante. 
,  public  officer  or  any  other 
kliiciary  capacity  becoming 
to  indicmcnl  therefor. 

See     AroKBTHOUOHT, 
TioN,  below. 

unlawful  abandonment  of 
In  the  wmy  or  navv  {  the 
mt  of  a  wife  or  ehild. 
e  ability  to  know  and  dis- 
od  and  evil,  between  what 
iwfa).  The  age  at  which 
have  discretion  is  not  vetv 
>d.  Under  seven  veara  it 
iomstancas  of  miadticvovs 
idmitted  to  overthrow  the 
I  of  innocence  which  is 
so  tender.*  Between  the 
mrteen,  the  iniant  ii,  prima 
criminal  design;  bat  this 
ikes  as  Ike  age  increases, 
Is  interval  of  youth  may  be 
I  evidence  of  vidons  intcn- 
I  of  yean  will  not  escase  a 
Ike  maxim  being,  -  malice 
if  age."  At  fcoitecn  chil- 
ave  acquirM  legal  discre- 

WM  is  a  ho«e  (he  inoMtes 

BO  badly  aa  to  becoaia  a 

•igkbochood.    Tke  keeper 

ly  M  indicted  for  maintatn- 

Be.» 

IMONi.      See    GBmkAL 

ItnesafrnB  giviag  evidaoee 

indicted   is  an  indictable 

I  law.1    Tke  mei*  attempt 

abo  trininal,  aidMNti^  the 

snocaad,  on  the  ganarsJ 

idltfOtSK  CO  OQBttlUK  ft  OuBMS 

a 

Iplinf  01  two  [wiiBBPt  one 
at  an  appoint^  tiae  and 
cedent  qnamd.  It  diflsn 
1st  tkatUM  latter occu* on 


Cr.  Cm.  M._  tM  Kale  VI. 
a.  as.    f4HalaPI.Cr.a8.    B- 

I.  Cr.  B.  i,Q|.}*.§t.at  Ate. 
Cr.  19I;  «  WM. %p. Cm.  t|e; 


ffMWH 


IPHMM 


iRMIiplWM 


LAW. 


419 


a  auiMen  quarrel,  while  the  former  la  always 
the  result  of  ilealgn.  When  one  of  the  partioa 
U  killed,  the  survivor  is  guilty  of  murder.' 
Fighting  a  duel,  even  where  there  it  no  fatal 
rraull.  is  of  ilielf  a  miademeanor  ;i  by  statute 
Iti  many  Stales  a  felony. 

EAvnnaorPKts  ore  such  pemons  as  wait 
under  walls  or  windows,  or  the  eaves  of  a 
houte,  to  listen  to  the  discnurses  within  and 
(hereupon  to  frame  mischievous  tale*.  The 
common  law  punishment  for  this  offence  Is  fine 
nnd  a  finding  of  sureties  for  good  behavior.i> 
,    Election.    See  PaAcricE. 

Emiezzlembnt  \%  (he  fraudulently  removing 
and  nitcreting  of  pcmonal  pioperty,  with  which 
the  party  has  lieen  intrunted,  for  the  piirpoM!  of 
applying  it  to  his  own  use.     The  principles  of 
the  common  law  not  being  found  adequate  to 
protect  general  owners  against  the  fraudulent 
conversion  of  property  by  persons  sUnding  in 
certain  fiducianr  relations  to  those  who  were 
the  subject  of  (heir  peculations,  certain  statuten 
have  been  enacted  creating  new  criminal  of- 
fences, and  annexing  to   them    their  proper 
punishment.    A  taking  is  requisite  to  consti- 
tute a  larceny  (  an  embesilement  is  in  sub- 
•tsnce  and  essentially  a  larceny,  aggravated 
rath,  r  than  palliated  br  the  violation  of  a  tru^tt 
or  contract,  instead  of  being,  like  larceny,  a 
trespass.    Tke  administration  of  the  common 
law  has  been  not  a  liitle  embarrassed  in  dis- 
criroiualing  the  two  oflences.    Bnt  they  are  so 
far  distinct  in  their  character  that,  under  an 
indictment  chaining  merely  a  larceny,  evidence 
of  embecslement  is  not  suflicient  to  antkorise  a 
conviction;  and  in  casca  of  embtnilenient  the 
proper  mode  is  to  allege  sufficient  matter  in  the 
Indictment  to  apprise  tke  defendant  tkat  the 
charge  b  for  embeuleroent    Although  tke  stat- 
utes declare  that  a  party  shall  be  daened  to  have 
committed  the  crime  01  simple  larceny ;  yet  it  b 
s  larceny  of  a  peculiar  character,andmust  be  set 
forth  in  ill  requinite  and  distinctive  duuacter.' 
>Vken  embeulement  of  a  part  of  tke  cawo 
takes  dace  on  board  of  a  skip,  eitker  fWmi  the 
fault,  fraud,  connivance,  or  neriigence  of  any 
of  tke  crew,  tkey  are  bound  w  contribute  to 
the  reparation  of  the  lose  in  pn^pottion  to  their 
wages.    When  (he  embeulement  b  fixed  on 
any  individual,  he  b  solely  respmsiblat  when 
It  is  made  by  the  crew,  or  some  of  tke  crew, 
but  the  particular  oAender  b  unknown,  and. 
from  circumitanoes  of  tke  case,  strong  pre- 
«umptie«s  of  guilt  ap^  to  tke  wkole  ciew, 
all  must  contribute.    The  presuaaption  of  inno- 
cence b  always  in  favor  of  tke  crew,  and  the 
guilt  of  the  parties  must  be  estahlbked  beyond 
all  reasonable  doubt  befosv  tkey  can  be  re- 
quired to  contribute." 

l-i  Rust  Cr 
351;  Rasco* 
3d  last.  I 
,Ch.  ji 


•"  StM? '  -•  ^•^.sst.  >8aesCam.  Dig. 

isr:  3  last  «•• :  « Id.  eS*;  Hai4.  KCr.  B. 
,1. 1  SI ;  J  Bidslr.  xni  C«Mt.  t<&:  a  Ala.  «i6: 
Oohaa  4sr:   MSI  ltMa.&.49S>   slWMp<>.X:i 

M7i  0 14.  i3»j  jCuA.  >t4.   na^  lliks.  C.  C.  los j  4 
>«••*' 347  siJohaa.  17;  »BsiiihaUIm.a4n  Oiaa 


Embeulement  of  arms,  munitions,  and  ha- 
bit.ments  of  war,  property  stored  in  the  public 
sinrehnuses,  letters,  precious  metaU,  and  ciiiiii 
frcm  the  mint  are  prohibited  by  acta  of  Con- 
gress under  severe  penalties.* 

EMaaACRRY  is  an  attempt  to  corrupt  or  In- 
fluence a  jury,  or  in  any  way  incline  them  to 
h«)  more  favorable  to  one  side  than  to  the  other, 
l>7  money,  promises,  threats,  or  persuasions, 
whether  the  juror  on  whom  such  attempt  is 
niade  give  any  verdict  or  not,  or  whether  the 
verdict  be  true  or  false.* 

ENoaoasiNO  is  buying  up  suck  large  quanti- 
ties of  an  article  as  to  obtain  a  monopoly  of  it 
for  the  purpose  of  selling  at  an  unreasonable 
price,  especially  provisions.*  Merely  buying 
for  the  purpose  of  selling  again  b  not  neces- 
liarily  engrossing.* 

EjfTRY  is  the  act  of  entering  a  dwelling, 
house,  or  other  building,  vessel,  or  enclosure  in 
order  to  commit  a  crime.     In  cases  of  burglary, 
the  least  entry  of  the  whole,  or  any  part  of  the 
body,  hand,  or  foot,  or  with  any  instrument, 
or  weapon,  introduced  for  the  purpose  of  com- 
niiiiing  a  felony,  b  sufficient  to  complete  the 
offence.'      It    is  an  entry  where  the  person 
descends  a  chimney  but  is  arrested  before  he 
can  gel  low  enough  to  enter  any  room ;  it  is 
an  entry  to  open  a  window  entirely,  but  not  to 
push  it  up  or  down  when  partly  opened ;  put- 
ting a  finger  or  pistol  over  a  threshold  is  an 
entry,  but  not  a  centre-hit  or  crowbar,  these 
instruments  being  intended  for  breaking,  and 
not  for  committing  a  felony.     It  b  not  neces- 
sary in  all  iLses  to  show  an  actual  entry  by  all 
the  prisoners,  there  may  be  a  constructive  entry 
as  well  as  a  constructive  breaking.    A.,  B.,  and 
C.  come  in  the  night,  by  consent,  to  break  and 
enter  the  house  of  D.,  to  commit  a  felony;  A. 
only  actually  breaks  and  enters  the  house;  B. 
stands  near  the  door,  but  does  not  actually 
enter;  C.  stands  at  the  lane's  end,  or  orchard 
rate,  or  field  gate,  or  the  like,  to  watch  that  no 
help  come  to  aid  the  oWner,  or  to  give  notice 
to  the  others  if  help  comes;  thb  b  buigiaiy  in 
all,  and  all  are  principals  though  one  only  did 
actually  enter.'    See  Bukolarv.  above. 

Escape  is  the  departure  of  a  prisoner  firom 
custody  before  he  b  dischaiged  1^  due  course 
of  law.  It  b  the  vtAuntanly  or  negligently 
allowing  any  penon  lawfully  in  ctnfinement  to 
leave  the  place.*  The  deliverance  of  a  person 
who  b  lawfully  imprisoned  out  of  prison  before 
such  penon  b  entitied  to  suck  deliveiance  by 
law.*  Esaupe  takes  place  without  force;  prison 
breach,  with  violence;  rescue  tkrough  tne  in- 
tervention of  third  parties.  Actual  escap: 
takes  place  when  the  prisoner  in  fact  geU  out 
of  the  prison  and  nnlawfiJly  nguns  kb  liberty. 


Abr.  iMkx 
Hamllii, 


Watktlt  Ins. 
sion  U.  's.Lawi  1873-4 


194:  3  Kent  CooBD.  151 1 


Panons'  Mairtt 

AW.  >r*#,  M.  3 :  Co.  U«.  157  4.  |>»  •;  Hl»i.  s»4 : 
l>vtr,84«,pl.  19;  Noy.  ,o.:  ii^tr.S|:  llMod.m 
Ii8;  Coinb.<M:  5C0W.  50JL  •-i  Bm.  143.  ss-i^ 
East.  «><:  IS  Id.  $1. :  «e«  4  Shanw.  Bl.  Cooui.  tM.», 
fcf  AeUwonthhiuWecl.    «|.Co.3d.  lBet.«4.    r-iBali 


gIMWWMjiWMliiliiiwi, 


lirMMIiii>i4»tta»'tni-.r«- 


# 


uxm 


Ntgligant  ctcapt  UkM  ptac«  when  the . 

goM  at  Urge,  unUwrally,  eiihcr  Immmv^Im^ 


CoMlftkciiva  e»cmfm  Uk**  fimc*  wtmitb»pri»- 
on«r  otNaint  inor*  Ubtity  tkMt  lk«  Uw  ** 
nlihoiigk  k«  kitll  rtnukifM  In 
■  ••  ptac« 
rrally,  « 
BvUdinf  or  priMn  ia  wklch  he  to  conAM4  i* 
loo  wMk  to  boM  hiM,  or  bocauM  lk«  kwpor 
by  cMoloMMM  l«ta  kin  go  mil  of  priMMi.  Vol- 
•Ntuy  neapi  UkmpUco  wkon  ih«  priooMr  hat 
|l[ivm  10  hit  TotaMofUyMqplibtrtjr  not  aulhor- 
11*4  hf  Uw.* 

WhM  B  MMii  ia  UnptliaMd  In  a  propw  piaca 
andar  th«  proawi  of  a  oowt  iMvlng  Juriadictlun 
in  tko  caaOfba  ia  kwfally  impHaoMd,  noiwiik- 
Mawdinc  tao  ptocaodtnti  iMjr  bo  iirMutari* 
but  if  tho  eoort  hM  not  iariadkiion  tko  inipria- 
omnant  in  MkwfU.  wWbor  Iho  procoM  ho 
ragntnr  or  olharwiao.'  Lattlne  a  priKmar,  con- 
fiilad  tukter  Unol  procaaa,  out  of  priion  for  any, 
tvon  ibo  iHottoat  tinM.  ia  m  oaaapo,  allhoiigk 
h«  aftanrarda  ratam  t*  and  thia  may  (aa  in  oarA 
of  impriaowBtnt  nndar  tha  eirll  writ  of  e^imt 
(ul  i4M^/M0m^m),  akhoogh  an  oMcar  may 
Accompnny  kirn.*  In  crimiiinl  caaaa  tko  pria- 
«nar  Is  indktablo  for  a  misdomeanor,  wkctbar 
iha  aaoapvbt  aoaligoMt  or  vohmUnrt'  and  tho 
offieorlaalietwIlctiMo.'  If  tho  odencc  of  tho 
prliuaat'A—i  a  fakxy,  a  volantaiy  aacapo  ia  a 
ialony  a»«kpart  of  tho  oAcert*  If  nagllMnt, 
itiaaaMMMaaoroalyiaanycaar*  Nothing 
bat  an  aal  of  God,  or  tho  enonniaa  of  tko  coon- 
iry,  win  «MaM  on  ateapa.*    It  ia  the  dniy  of 


iKo  oOeai^  l»  ranmat  aftat'  aa  aacapo.*  Sao 
GtNiaia.  SMivm. 

ExAOnoir  it  a  wUM  wnng  dona  by  aa  oA* 
car,  or  bf  OM  wIms  aador  eoior  of  Ma  ofllco, 
lakaa  mora  feo  or  pogr  for  hia  aarvieaa  than  tho 
law  aHawiy  Batwooa  oatoftkm  and  oaaction 
ihoro  W  (Ml  ^tknmt,  that  in  tka  femer  coao 
tha  oflkiK  aatorta  mon  tkaa  hk  daa  whoro 
lumaiBmJlii  dao  to  Mm  t  i)i  tba  lattar,  ho  aaactt 
what  ta-jial^  da«^  whmi  ikora  ia  MtMng  dao 
lohlaM«» 

BxAmMAnowt  PtinjiiniABT  Vxamina- 
Tiei^  Sm  tiilo  BVIMMCR,  *lMmiaattoH." 

IncoMttul  HoanoBB  b  dm  MPhm  of  a 
humaa  baiaf  whoa  tha  party  UlUag  is  not 
allugsthor  froa  flraaa  UaaM^  hM  tha  necaaaity 
wMehf  rsadan  it  oxcaaaM*  wqr  bs  arid  to  kavo 
baaa  paidy  ladacod  hgr  Ms  ofwa  act.' 

KxaeinioiT  is  tha  pMm  «f  9  ooavict  to 
doathiapmnwaa<oofhlsia>safs.  J^Whoa* 
Bvar  an  usnw  is  ooadsaHwd  totafwMMatv 
by  haai^  far  any  oiaw  «f  wM«h  1«  thdt 
hsva  baaa  coavktodftlN  psmWnsont  i»|mHr' 
ally  iaiktad  wtthia  tha  walk  or  yard  Sf  Uw 


kU  of  Hm  ooaaly  in  which  ha  i«  convicted  t  ami 
^WpriMMior  coronar  of  Ika  taid  ccwniy  atien))* 
t«Mi(  aaoaalion,  lo  wtiich  k«  invltn  iba  prc*- 

;o  of  a  phy«ician,  iko  proaacuting  attorney 
,«f  Iba  count jr,  antt  twelve  rapataltie  cllixeii!!,  m 
i  Iscled  by  himtelf )  and  tho  iheriiT,  at  Iba  reiiuasl 
•f  tho  criminal,  parmite  tuch  miniatara  of  Ike 
gowpol,  not  ascaeding  Iwo,  as  he  auy  name, 
and  any  of  Ms  immediate  relallvei,  lo  attend 
and  ba  praaont  at  the  eiecutlun,  together  wlili 
auek  officer*  of  the  prlaon,  and  lacb  of  Ike 
•hariff'*  depotie*  a*  the  tboriff  or  coroner,  li« 
bla  dlicrelion,  may  think  it  eipedieni  lo  ka*a 
praaent."  No  penon  under  age  ia  permlltad, 
on  any  account,  to  witneea  the  cMention. 

ExKSUia  or  rcaaoa  i«  lucb  an  Intentkiaal 
espoaura,  In  a  public  place,  of  Iba  naked  body 
aa  ia  calcalalod  to  tbock  ihe  feelinga  of  chaadty 
or  lo  cormpt  tho  moraU.  Thia  ollanco  ia  indict- 
abk  on  Iha  ground  that  every  puMIc  show  and 
aKkibitloa  wklch  oalragaa  decency,  shocki 
humanity,  or  k  contrary  to  good  atorala,  ia  pun- 
ithaUo  at  ooosaMa  law.s  Aa  indaoont  aBpoauro, 
though  h>  a  ptaca  of  paMk  retort,  if  vkibk  by 
only  one  peraon.  is  not  iadktable  as  a  comami 
nuiaance.  An  omaihua  la  a  publk  pkoe  suf- 
ficient to  aupport  an  inJictamnt.* 

EXTSNUATIOH  la  that  which  rtndais  a  crikM 
or  wrong  lam  hnkm  ^  thaa  it  would  anpoar  or 
bo  wilhout  ill  it  i<t  ^jooaedtoaggravatioa.  In 
goaoial,  extenuating  circaasauncoa  go  ia  mitl- 
gatka  of  paaiahBMni  ia  criminal  caaaa,  or  of 
iisinagsi  ia  thoao  of  a  cWil  nniuN. 

EXTMITIOM  It  the  unkwfnl  taking  hf  an 
oAcor,  by  ookr  of  Ma  ofHco,  of  aay  aMMy  or 
iMng  of  vidna  that  is  not  due  to  Mm,  or  more 
thaa  k  daa,  or  before  it  k  due.'  Toeoastltate 
exioitkii,lknta  mast  ho  the  receipt  of  money  or 
BoeselMag  of  value  i  tho  taklngof  aprowiaawy 
note  whlA  k  void,  is  not  sufficknt  to  make  an 
extortion^  It  k  aa  exlortum  aad  oppression 
for  an  ottcer  to  take  money  for  tho  perwrmaace 
of  hkdaty.evanthonrii  it  bainthooaercMaof 
a  diwwakwary  pomer> 

ExnusmoH  I  see  Firan  1  vb  tuom  Jvnxcn, 
bektw^ 

PAiprmmncia  are  fUsa  teprasaatatioB* 
and  stslawuts,  aBade4aiik  a  fraadakat  design 
toohlaia'<ni.  i)r,goods,  wares,  aad  sasrAaa- 
dfaw,"  wkkiataatte  chMt.*  It  is  a  reprss<tits. 
tioa  of  aaaa  foet  or  dreaiaslaaco,  cakaktird 
to  mislead,  wMeh  k  not  tnM."  Tho  pretence 
mast  rskta  to  past  "vonts.  Any  reprsaeotation 
or  aaaaiaaaa  la  rsUtion  to  a  futaia  iransaetaL 
may  ba  a  paonke,  or  a  eovaaaat,  or  wammn 
bat  caaaot  aaaoaat  to  a  statutory  fiilsa  pretenoaP 
It  must  bo  s«di  as  to  impooo  opoa  a  petsoa  a< 


tU:  Cro.  pv.  M«]  f  Caan.  _-^  „  -^  ..  ._ 
IMihop  Cr.  L.  laM.  »«  KawfcFLCr.  Ch.  ie,|«i|. 
I  -»  n;i«hr>|>  Cr.  U  ft}.  «M4  Wwal,  lit ;  •  iiwph. 
jS6.  I  Uf«*.  I4«i  Mwsl«id.|aa;    |W.ft8.4Wi    17 


CoomufMj  iMbm. 
Uti.  iK    iKaKnr. 


R4:  I  Pletuirit 
^v.  lau.  a.  ■agik 
J  T.  R. »!. 


?W.»»»i  4CMCr.C».j|y.   ft 


stiia: 


184.  t.-ivnui.its 


of  IIm  Mtid  cmintjr  aUrniU 
rhlch  ha  invli««  tita  prr*- 
,  lh«  proMcutlng  aUorncy 
clv«  nip«t«bl«  cUImiik,  m- 
hI  ih*  •kariff,  at  Ika  rtquavt 
nlu  tuch  miniilan  of  thr 
ig  iwo,  M  ha  majr  nam*, 
■diata  relailvci,  la  allan<i 
a  amacutlun,  liigathar  wlili 
i  priaon,  and  tach  of  (he 

ina  tbartff  or  coronar,  iit 
hink  il  aapadtani  (o  hava 
n  undar  aga  U  |iamiUwd, 
ItncM  (ha  exa«ii(ioii. 
itoN  i*  luch  an  iMantional 

plitca,  of  (ha  nakad  boiljr 
ock  (ha  faalinga  of  chaallty 
ill.  This  offirtiea  U  imUel- 
bai  avarjr  imhlle  thow  ami 
wingaa  oacancy,  ahockt 
uy  to  good  rnoraia,  U  pan- 
w.t  AaiiKkeanlcipaadra,  . 
p«bll«  rtaoft,  If  vMbIa  hf 

hM  la  a  pabiie  placa  aaf- 
Indktnmt.' 

that  which  laniaii  a  orlkM 
-^  than  It  w«wUl  amwar  or 
(Miad  to  aggravation.  In 
circaaMUncaa  go  In  nltl- 
It  In  ciimittal  caaaa,  or  «C 
a  civil  natttM. 
a  unlawful  taking  bf  an 
lia  oAca,  *A  any  aMiMf  or 
b  not  diM  to  him,  or  man 
I  h  ia  daa.i  To  emMtitnta 
be  the  rtceipt  of  monajr  or 
tho  taking  M  a  promiMory 
a  not  raffiaant  to  maka  an 
astortion  and  oppraatfon 
wonay  for  tha  pwfcrmanca 
•all  it  ba  in  tha  aaerciaa  of 

•  F^KHTivB  num  Jiwnci, 

I  are  Maa  riprmtatlona 
la-arit^  a  frandalant  dwiga 


aods,  warta,  and  I 

ciMat.''  Itiaan, 

r  drcmnatance,  ealralat'^ 
not  traa."  1^  piatance 
ranta*  Any  laptaMntation 
ion  t»  a  fniara  (nmaaMiaii 
»  a  covanaat,  or  wananMl 
)  a  itatntoty  fiilaa  pietcnfl^ 
o  inqpoaa  upon  a  panon  af 

dMiai^.'L.|ul^  iM  0mi  (>. 

mm.  %M» :  t  VaMM.  n  i  taaaik. 
a|»i  4  Cm  Cr.  C».  dU.    L« 


•  !^||iWj|PiJ|||ipMiJM^ 


nmr. 


ontlaary  iifanglh  of  n.lmli*  andihi*  will  doulit 
l»M  lia  lufficiani.r  Out  althoagh  II  may  ba  di/- 
iKul(  (o  rntrain  falM  |>rritncc«  lo  aach  aa  an 
ordinarily  prudvnl  man  may  avoid,  y«t  it  la  nU 
t»ary  abaurd  or  irraiiunal  iirtfcnca  wlikh  will  ba 
•ulllcianl.4  It  la  niK  nrcrwary  ihal  all  Iha  pra- 
Itncaa  ahoald  ba  fal.e,  If  una  »f  ihrm,  Ity  iUalf, 
I*  aufficiant  to  conxliuta  iha  oirenca.*  And 
allkoagh  otkar  ctrcamMance*  may  htiv*  inducad 
Iha  cradll,  or  iha  •Itlivrry  of  ih«  proprrly,  yet 
II  will  ba  mfficiani  If  ih«  falaa  |irtl>ncca  had 
■■iich  an  Infhianca  (hat  wiihuul  ihcm  Iha  cradll 
woold  not  hava  b«cn  given,  or  Iha  prn|>crly  d«- 
'"""^' *  Thr  falv)  |ir»l«ncca  muu  hava  liacn 
u«ad  bawra  Iha  coniract  waa  eamolcied.*  Thcr« 
moat  bo  an  lalani  lo  cheat  or  defraud  aoma  per- 
•on.«  Thia  may  be  Inferred  fnnn  Iha  falae  pro- 
raaantalloa.i  The  Intent  la  all  (hat  la  rvuuitiie  i 
It  la  not  nacaaaarv  Ihat  (ha  party  defrauded 
•hoold  anMahi  anv  loaa.« 

Thia  aftnca  la  modified  in  (ha  dlllcren( 
Statae  /  tka  wonting  of  iha  alaiutca.  which 
rarr  ■<  aaeh  other  allghlly.  The  inlerprela- 
^^  *"  ''*^*  "*^  •"'  ^*^  K>retenct"  in 
*  •V^*"^  •••  •*•'  wherever  a  panon  firaudu- 
jtntly  rtpnaenta  aa  an  0xittmgfa€t  that  which 
a  n«(  an  aaisting  fact,  and  ao  gelt  money,  etc., 
lia  il  gaUty  of  tha  offtnao  embraced  In  tha 
•tatato> 

FALaitT.  The  alteration  <w  making  fafaw  a 
record  ia  paniihabia  at  common  law  and  by 
•taiHia,  both  State  and  federal.* 

FMt  la  aa  emotion  aaaitad  by  an  aapecta- 
iion  of  evil  or  aopreheaaloa  of  danger.  An*- 
*Aj,  dtead,  lolieitada.  Fear  in  a  peraon 
robbed  it  ona  of  tba  ingradienta  laquind  lo 
lonatltata  a  robbtiw  Ihna  the  pqraon.and  with- 
out  tbia  tbe  fokmiAtt*  taking  of  proMrty  ia  a 
■vcany.  Il  ii  not  neceaaary  Ibat  tka  owner  of 
ihepmpaftyibovid  be  in  ^  of  hit  own  per- 
»on I  bnt  fear  of  violence  to  tha  panon  oThia 
child/  or  to  bit  prouerty*  ia  MOebmt.* 

mowiM  are  oAancec  p«Miibabla  by  death, 
or  impriaonment  in  the  Aata  prima  or  peni- 
•fntlary.  They  are  olbnoea  of  groat  giavily. 
At  the  common  faiw  It  occntioMd  a  total  fw. 
leltm  of  fauida  or  gooda,  or  both,  to  wUch 
capit^  or  other  panMimenl  waa  ■ncnidded. 
accordiiigtodM<iegrecofgnilt.»  Ilia  dearly 
defined  by  theitintlea  of  moat  Stataa. 
See  Arrmt  wrmoirr  Paocns.  above. 
FlltM  are  peciintuy  pnnidHnenU  fanpoacd 
by  a  lawlW  tribanal  apon  a  peraoa  oonvlcied 
of  a  criminal  oflance.  The  amoaat  of  the  fine 
it  generally  left  to  the  diaerHioa  of  the  cmiit. 

•.tHMNklaa:  aPMi. 'I*.  »-itWaMl.|5r.  ahSae 
M  IB.  34t  i-»rMl ■" ;  •  laat.  H. Cr.  M;  i  DaaSCr. 
Cat.|»a|,Rtiaa.lka.  1*7.  r-i4WeMl.M;.  n-iiWaad. 


Jji  ^V-MMa.  *  R.  Cr.  Cat.  «t  :  •  Stark. »«.    x-u 

«.  Cr.  «•.     wM.  TSi;  »  Itnaa.  Cr.  ya.    m^ 
"'^-     '■"■1.  Comi -         - 


I  Kaak 


EaM.  ,.. 

iwni'3'   *  '^'gf^j"-!--" 

c7yi.latt.i9«t  ilUMa^!"i4»:*4 


M !  Ca.  Lilt,  ytw'iti^^  ft. Cr. oi.  |»: 


-  Aft.  w. 


T<i  prevent  the  abaaa  of  power  (o  fine,  ihe 
CooaillMtlcm  of  the  Untied  Siiiica  direcu  Ihal 
Meacewive  hail  shall  not  be  rtMiiiired,  nor  ei- 
«CMiva  fines  lm|Mis«d,  nor  cruel  and  anuaual 
puniahmenl  Infliried."'  When,  therefore,  the 
uAenca  rommlltvd,  for  whiih  the  penalty  la  liy 
alalule  eaceaaive  or  cruil,  the  court  will  pro- 
noonce  a  nominal  aenicnca  «mly,  ftjr  Ihe  law 
will  not  suffer  craellv,  l>ul  iein|icr«  iit  punlab* 
mem  with  reason  ami  jMallca. 

Kl,«)MT  is  the  evading  of  the  cnunn  of  jus- 
tice bv  a  man'^  voluntarily  withdrawing,*  and 
(hit,  though  the  withdrawal  be  for  an  hour,  a 
d«v,  a  week,  etc. 

•See  Em-^pb.  above  I  t'uumva  raoM  Jua- 
TiCE,  below. 

FuBiUTALtimi  THB  Habrrt  la  the  buying 
of  victaala  on  their  way  to  market  before  they 
reach  il,  with  Ihe  inieni  to  sell  again  at  a 
liiuhar  price.*  It  ia  every  device  or  practice 
by  act,  cona|>iracy,  word),  or  news,  to  enhance 
Ihe  price  of  victuals  or  other  proviaiona.*  Thaae 
acta  must  be  in  ihemaelvtt  an  nnlawful,  nn- 
reaaonaWe,  nnconaciooaMa,  and  psohibiled  1^ 
Biatutc,  for  a  legltimale  porctme  ia  the  ordi 
narv  cmirse  of  trade,  lo  sell  again  at  raaaonabla 
and  niual  pricea,  ia  at  all  (imaa  lawful. 

FoarBiTVBB  ia  a  puniahment  anaaaad  by 
Uw  lo  tome  illegal  act  or  negl%ence.  It  ia  a 
sum  of  money  paid  by  way  of  penaUy  (or  a 
crime.' 

FoBOBRV  ia  falsely  auking  or  materially  al- 
lering,  with  Intent  to  defraud,  any  wrfting 
which,  if  genuine,  might  apparently  be  of  legal 
efficacy  or  the  foundaiioa  uf  a  legal  liabili^.r 
The  fraodalent  making  and  alleralion  of  a 
writing  to  Ihe  prejudice  of  another  man'i  right.» 
TV  «w*N/  matt  be  to  defraud  aaothert 
but  it  is  not  reqirislle  that  any  one  ahould 
have  been  injured  t  it  ia  aulHcient  that  the  in- 
itruroent  forged  might  have  proved  prejudicial  > 
Moat  Stataa  have  passed  laws  making  certain 
acta  to  be  forgery,  and  thr  aatioaal  Iraialalure 
baa  also  enacted  several  on  thia  subject,  whkh 
are  here  referred  to;  bat  these  statutes  do  nut 
take  away  Uie  character  of  tbe  oflence  as  a 
nUademeanor  at  common  law,  but  only  provide 
additional  punishment  in  ih«  caaea  pattUularly 
enumerated  In  Ihe  tUtutes.J 

^4  mm*iw  •/ m  mtMt  wriutn  mttrmmtmt 
in  the  name  of  another  r^tth  •  fraudulent  intent 
is  a  aallicient  making  I  kM  ■  fnndulent  inaer- 
lioo,  alteration,  or  erasure,  even  of  a  fetter,  in 
any  material  part  of  the  instniment,  whereby  a 
new  operation  is  given  to  it,  will  amoant  to  a 


ijl :   ^wh  M.  Cr.  B.  I.  Ch.  io,  1 1,     r..  Ala.  (S. 


% 


it„^l^lt^t£MA^  ^we^'mmcMSi 


LAW. 


•••ciMMi  hr  •  p«rt<m  i^mirtiil  <if  Ih*  <t«««ti  ' 
TH«  friMidMiMit  HiiitkMtam  oi  m  trii«  wgiMtur* 
Ni  •  falM  inttniwm  for  whkh  W  wm  mit  in 
l«nil«tl.  «w  ti^#  Prrfi*,  »UI  »W>  b«  •  forftry* 
Fof  •iMn|>i«, »  It  fcrg«y  In  ••  lna»via»il  win. 
h  rMUMtwl  10  df«w  •  will  fur  •  nkk  iwmMi  In 

•  nwttcMlM  w«y,  iMlMii  ol  d<i4Nf  •!»,  to  ln»«M 
ItgiiuM  of  kk  ow«  Im^.  Ma  tlMW  p«ooMr«  th« 
#l||niuiif«  oT  mcll  li^  |»«iii  to  »>•  •«»•«'  •" 
llw  uMwr  wiiboMl  rairwiliig  to  kUn  iN  l«f* 
ciM  ikM  fniid«lmily  laMitod.*  A  (wnr 
who  HMkM  •  odsjr  of  •  iMtiift  •Nd  •dii*  lo 
iiurh  c<i|iy  MMwrW  wcwdt  «at  la  tk«  orlfiin*!, 
■nd  IkM  oAm  K  la  tvMMM  on  tha  itrujiia 
that  ika  origiad  kM  Imm  toM.  nuy  Im  pniM 
eai«<l  for  forgery*  U  to  •  Mlkl«nt  nwking 
wkmv,  la  Um  wiWa^  te  fatty  MMiaM*  ik« 
aua*  m4  ekarMMr  of  a  ftnam  la  MhtoaM.' 
Bai  tk«  adofliM  of  a  Mm  dtHrifUm  wA  md- 
iititm  wk««  a  IOm  aaaa  to  a««  aManMd  and 
tkmt  to  am  p«M«  MMwarlag  Jm  dMcriplian.  to 
aot  •  fergwy.*  MidUag  m  laMninMnt  la  • 
(ktiiioa*  aaaia.  or  ika  aana  of  a  non-aainlng 
penoa.  to  m  naA  a  lan|My  m  naklnff  '«  ••« 
ik«  naaia  of  m  aitoling  pOTMa,'  aad  aUlMMig>i 

•  auw  HMty  aMka  tka  butrwaMt  la  kto  own 
rmmm.  If  Im  mwait  It  at  tka  lartmaiMrt  oT 
Moikar  of  dM  laiM  aaiaM.  «a«  la  fact  tbara 
to  ao  Nck  pMMa,  M  wID  ka  a  forgwry  In  ika 
nana  of  a  aon-aatotiaf  paiwin.*  Bat  Iko  cor- 
rtctawa  of  tUm  dacMiMi  kta  bMn  dcii.bttd.< 
Tkoagh,  la  giaaral,  a  party  cannot  ba  gajliy 
oT  fBtMiry  ky  a  Man  mm-fmmnt*,  rtt  If  In 
drawiag  a  wiU  ka  tkoakl  fraadaltnify  omit  a 
Itgaey  vkkh  ka  had  bam  dlractcct  to  intcn. 
aad  l»  dM  Mtoilim  of  vuh  baqa«N  It  would 
caait  a  ■atartal  allaralioa  In  tk«  Uailiailoa  of 
a  baqaaat  to  aaodkar.  at,  wbaia  tba  oaito»lon 
of  a  dovtoa  aT  m  aalata  far  Ufa  to  ^o  caatca 
a  Mn^  of  Um  iaM  laadt  to  anotkar  to  pat* 
a  (Mtaat  atlata  which  Woald  othcrwtoa  have 

'   \  nMMdndar  only,  k  waald  ba  a  for- 

Xr4H  Ikt  Mmg  hrgid,^  m^  ba 
t  It  hM  baaa  hoUca  to  be  forgary 
ai  eomaaa  Uw  limdalaally  to  faltilV  or  fabaly 
■Mha  raaordt  and  odMT  aaltan  of  a  pablic 
natara,'  a  paiWi  rag^atar,*  a  laOar  ia  tka  naata 
of  a  nu^^ana^  or  oT  Om  govaraor  of  •  Wwl 
diradiag  tha  dtoJ^-a  of  a  prtoooar.*  WUk 
ranrd  to  Brivata  willlnys ''a^iHy  "My  IM  coat- 
aTiiad   of  aay  wtittag  wbtci^   If  ■rralne, 

CId  oMrate  at  tha  fc— datk«  ol  ;;.-«Hhar 
'•  U^iiUty  or  the  a«id«Ka  of  hto  righ^- 
ai.alcttar  ort«oomiMBd«ie«ora  patM»  at 


•TK» 


Ai^**^LCT;j£St 


»•• 

So.  C.  fh. 

•m; 

15  _      __ 

M).    P-a  ImI.  Ft.  Cr, 
•  LM^Cr.  Cm.  7B  i  • 

w-jfliiialiifB».|ia>;  eMaM-wo  waM«.ftK. 


1.    f>-alMkPI.Cr.as«:*|*M!lCftaMt,Mt.   a- 


.  .FCr.a**    S-Rjaeoa 


of  impartf  and  pacaaUry  iat|)aaalk<Hl<,' 
*n  iKcaptanta  df  ■  r«»«dlllim«l  iwd«i  l<»f  lh« 
il«tl«ary  ul  g<M«i«^  •  fatoa  laMimontal  i<. 
(h«fac4«f,*  a  railway  paat,*  a  rallruad  Itekat.' 
i>r  fruadalanily  lu  laitliy  or  CiImIv  to  auilia  * 
iloti  xn  will.*  Korg«y  awy  ba  of  a  prtnlad  .« 
oiiuraved  a*  wall  a*  <if  a  wrttian  Inatraaiaal ' 
A  hjrgary  maM  Im>  iif  *a<a«  docaaiaat  m  arril 
lug  I  ikarafiMii  lh«  |innilng  M  ailM'a  aaata  in 
iha  ««fnar  of  a  )i4e«»r».  in  ofdar  falaalv  to  |mm* 
It  (iff  .»  an  urtginal  |iiciara  by  Ikal  a«M.  to  a<i( 
a  fii«|{«-ry.' 

KuaNKATKiN  :•  nnlawAil  raraal  kaowMa* 
hy  an  »nn«arrl«l  (larwMi  of  antukar,  wkathar  lh» 
lailar  be  married  or  Mnmarrlad.  ronikallM  K 
dikilngaiabed  frum  aiialiarv  froai  tha  fee*  ikii 
Ike  gallty  |>arty  to  no!  marrWd.  Foar  eaaea  o( 
aniawfal  latercoarMi  aMy  artoe  I  i.  Wharaboth 
nartlea  are  aiarHed.  i.  Wkete  tha  warn  ooly 
UmarHed.  j.  Where  ike  wonMa  aaly  to  mar 
ried.  4.  Wkara  neliker  to  aMftiad.  Ia  Ike 
Aral  caaa  aack  lalerwMWM  aiaal  ka  adaHaryi  In 
Ika  aacoad  caaa  Ika  criaia  to  foraieadoa  aaly  oa 
Ika  part  of  tha  woaiaa,  bat  adakary  a«  tha  part 
of  tha  mmt  I*  tba  third  oata  k  to  aA^aiy  In 


Ike  woRMM  aad  fgmksallM  (b*  • 
glniea  adallary)  to  iba  Mani  ia  the  toal  aata  it 
to  (ornlcalkNi  omIt  ta  both  partiea.  Ny  ike 
ttalatea  of  nany  of  tha  (kaiea  fonilcailM  to  an 
IndkftMa  oflbooa  by  alalale  j«  and  wbeta  k  U 
ikara  mayba  a  coairlcifcNi  iir  ibto  oAmea  on  an 
IndictMoat  far  adallary.^ 

Frajo  kMhidaa  all  dacekfal  praetleaa  ia  de- 
frawdlag  ar  andaavariag  to  defiaad  aaothar  o( 
kto  kawr*  right  bvaiaaaa  of  io«a  artfal  d. 
vtoia.  coatfary  to  tha  pWa  ralat  «f  coatiaun 
Immlj  In  ooMtdarta«  iwid  in  ka  criminal 
Mpaal  k  to  £fl«ak  to  dotwariaa  whoihar  fa«i> 
ia  atridaaaa  aewtkala  a  fraad,  or  aaMam  lo  a 
falomr.  Ia  fM^ral.  if  tha  ptoparty  oblaiaed. 
whaAar  by  atoaM  of  a  faha  tohw  or  Waa  pre 
toaaa.  ba  partad  *kk  abwiauly,  by  tha  owaer 
U  li  a  ftaadi  bat  if  the  poteeeiio.  v^  be 
partM  with,  aad  «liai  poaafaahM  ba  obtdaad  by 

iVMid.  lit  will  ba  feloBT.'  Eaanqdea  of  gwj. 
fiaada  ara  i  attariag  a  fctltloaa  batJi  MM  4  mII- 
iag  aawhalaaoaaa  provtokmai^  aMJr«.ifiltce  of 
a  pkyakiMi>  ftadarkw  fatoa  acoasta,  aad 
olkar  firaada,  hy  pottoaa  ia  oAdal  akaadoaa  s» 
fabrieatioa  of  anrt  lendbw  to  tha  BudiUa  Ui- 
laiTj'  ehaalt  by  meaaa  oTJiitoa  «a%Mi  and 
Moataiaai*  aad  gcaaraUy,  the  Craadidaat  ob- 
t-Oakig  tha  property  of  aaoihar  by  aaydacakfal 
or  ilkfal  pnuidea  or  lokM  (tkort  of  Mom) 
which  aftctt  or  ntay  elect  1^  pabMc^  at  wilh 

Its- 


UMkcTaTieMi  aKait.#I.Cr,«n.    >«  IUh. 


^fHCCeawkila.     »•• "  ■*?»«M»a- 
Cr.Ctiril,|a.f.laa.    »«  tatl.  PlO.<^  < 


f.li>. 


,1  •  f*lM  IMtlmontaU  I. 
»y  |MtM.*  •  ratlruMl  Itch*!.' 
imltfy  Of  felaaily  (o  HM^a  • 
■gtrf  May  b«  wf  •  |vtiit«d  ix 
M  of  ■  wrttian  liMmMMiiti  * 
if  noMM  (tocmnrai  «r  wni 
|ir«r.lliig  a*  MiM'i  MMM  in 
i«r«,  In  onlar  falMl*  to  paw 
ptiftar*  by  UmI  MtM,  hi  m* 

nnlawfiit  cwtnal  liMwIadi* 
rwMi  uf  amKlMr,  wkatlwr  In* 
r  anmarrtMl.  FaniteallWi  i< 
Mlatiar*  fram  iIm  hi^  lh*i 
hH  marfW4.  Fow  CMM  of 
•  ■MjrariMi  I.  Wkcralnth 
i.  1.  Wh«r«  tiM  MM  «N>lr 
)«r«  (ha  mamM  m)f  U  mar- 
wiilMf  ta  aMitM.  Im  Um 
fvaWM  »«al  ba  aMtMryi  in 
I  cri««  ta  fonitaaltiMi  «*ly  oa 
mh,  InM  adakwy  «i  Um  pMi 
I  Mti  oMa  It  in  lUbitMy  In 
nkallMi  (iw  iMMa  in  tarn* 
llMiMiii  In  iIm  laM  Mac  U 
V  la  bolli  iMitiaa.  Njr  tha 
r  dM  ftaalaa  ContlcallMi  la  an 
bv  Matata  t*  Mid  wliara  U  i'> 
ivtcHo*  iw  llito  offmca  «a  an 

•ei  <I«mIiAi1  prMllaai  la  *l«-- 
i«nag  to  4«Af«Ml  aunt  bar  o( 

Om  platn  nilat  «f  comaun 
MMtag  ktmi  la  in  criatiiul 
It  to  4afrtala>  wiMtlMr  factt 
Mt  a  frwHl.  or  Maoaai  lo  t 

iif  llM  FfOfiMty  otnalawi, 
•  Mm  tehna  or  Mm  pre 
{III,  ahaalat%,  hy  Um  owHtt 
t  tf  tlM  powmtoa  oa^  ba 
utt  poaatwdoK  ba  oblcJaod  by 
raUmy.i  Eaao^ptaa  of  gnm 
«afclitiMwb«t^M!lit  mU 
|)«oviaioM|>  BMlfvjWca  of 
Jarta^  Ikka  acMaatt,  and 
irtooa  la  oAklal  illa1li»M  i" 
n  landlMf  to  tiM  pabUt  In 
HMaa*  oc  Mm  «ai|M>  i""* 
MMfally,  Ik*  fraadMloat  ob- 
r»  of  aaotlMr  by  nay  dMaklBl 
I  or  tokta  (tbort  of  Mony) 
my  aiNt  t^M  pablk/  m  with 

Tana  laa.  *■*  Onmittf  Iv.  I 
I. jfiT  DaaidTCr.  Caa.  ds.    a-t 

a*latt.ll.Cr.«n. 


""■liHP- 


(•^■aM.FL 


UW. 


i)MMaM>  ^  tMM  of  atintilai  pMptity  aa^ 

falaa  pra:     caa. 

rimiTivM  raoM  |vaTH:i ara  iboM  wbo,  ba* 
mg  cuaMHMiad  crtHM,  Haa  fnim  lb*  J«rto<ii«tlo« 
•ilbin  wbicb  ib«   ciffanca   waa   iwaualiiad  to 


aacaoa  paalabaMnl.  A*  ona  Htata  caarna  par 
«ua  Ibaaa  wb«  vlolata  Ma  !•••  tnio  lb«  latrttorlaa 
uf  aaotbat.  aad  a*  It  aoncama  all  ibai  Ibaaa 
l«llty  of  UM  aiara  atroctoaa  crtaaaa  tboakl  not 
go  mpaaiabad,  iba  practka  |iravaila  laiiiag  iba 
mora  MllfblaaaJ  natiuoa  of  mataally  Mr- 
tan4aHag  aacb  riu[Mlv«a  lo  iba  JaaiiM  of  lb« 
in)arad  Wata.  TbU  |k«ciic«  la  louiidad  oa  na- 
iloaal  coaakr  and  convanianca,  or  oa  aipraia 
coapact.  Tba  Unitad  8iataa  racomkMa  lb« 
obllptfloa  aalf  wbaa  it  la  civatad  by  MpiM* 


apMaMai,  aad  kava  oonlnnad  ibia  obllaMfcia 

witb  tavatallbraiM  Staiaa  by  iraatT,  and  wfli  M 

anotbor  by  tbak  ladaral  «»nattiMlo«  aad  lawa. 


Tba  vartow  iraatlM  wiih  furaiga  powan 
aaoMoiala  Ibo  ctlmaa  for  wbicb  paraoaa  aMy 
b«  aattaadMid,  sad  llaali  la  olbar  pantkabn 
(hair  twiMoatloa.  Bafera  aay  paiwa  «m  ba 
aanaadand  a  d— aad  far  kiai  aiaM  ba  aMdo 
npoa  UM  Maaathra  by  tba  aaacadva  wvar  al 
Iba  SiMa  wfcoM  la»a  ba««  bMw  irlnfeii.  tt 
t«  atnal  ta  aMin  tbk  doamad  balora  iadiaial 
iiroaaMUaH  ara  laalttatwl  far  iV  amat  of  tba 
l«C<«Hr«i*  iMt  iMa  to  ao(  raaaitod  bv  aet  oT 
i^Mffiaak*  Tba  anal  aMtbod  oT  aattoa  to  fee 
MOM  paHM  oAeor  or  otiMr  tiHoial  agwrt.  aAar 
ubtaiaiac  tba pniMr  papas  la  bto  ova  MMntry, 
Id  rapair  la  tba  taafaa  aoaatiy,  oarry  tbo  caM 
tbroagb  witkllM  aM  of  bto  ailatalar,  r««ai*a 
iho  AmMm.  aa4  ooardad  btoa  back  lo  tba 
liartodkttoa  oT  tiM  cr4aM.«  Tbo 
« WMM  of  tba  apprabaaakM  aiaal  ba  boraa  and 
•talbyad  by  dM  part*  waUaf  Iba  laqatoilioa. 


'StaMwMi 


-A  panoa  ebai«o4  la  aav  fl 
Many,  or  olbar  crtoM,  i«o 
jutlM  and  bo  fbaMt  (a  aaotbar  Stat*,  tbaii.  on 
deaiaaJ  at  tba  aaacathfo  tatbarky  of  tba  Slata 
fnaa  wMdi  bo  iod.  bo  doUnaad  ap,  aad  to  ba 
nmtmA  to  Mm  giata  kaviiM  iaitodk^  oT  tba 
otaM."*  Oa  i^faad  oT&a  maouiM  aa- 
iborily  or  a  Sttto.  aad  prodaoiioa  of  a  oopy  of 
tbo  ladloiMat  feaad.  or  aa  aflkUvit  aado 
a  wagtoliata  chawing  tha  penoa  da> 
wiib  baaaoa.  Mony,  or  otbor  crtao 
'  eotliod  M  aalb<nMie  Ihr  tbr  /mvaraor  or  ebtof 
■oftolnM  of  tbo  Sieta  ftom  whenM  tbo  p«r«ca 
MdMfgod  ML  dM  tbo  «Mcuti?e  aatkarity  of 
tba  flala  or  Torri^ory  to  wbteb  rack  panoa 
■ban  kMrafsd  ahill  ohho  Ika  pofaan  diM|Ml 
to  bo  orwMd  aai'.  Mcarad,  aad  aodM  of  tbo 
orrMt  to  bo  fivoa  to  tbo  oucadvo  ai^Mrky 
■Mkinc  ndi  dtaMad.  or  to  tba  aaoat  oC  imA 
otMhoriif  appoiatad  lo  rccoivo UiofagMra, aad 
ooaM  tba  ligkiro  to  bo  daUroiad  to  Mdk  agoat 


•rbM  ba  (ball  afipaar;  but  If  laeh  igmi  do  noi 
a^ipaar  vlihia  aia  Mtaataa,  iha  pilaonar  UmII  ba 
<ita«barg«<l  * 

Tba  traaaon.  (aluay,  ur  olbw  criaia^  attaada  ta 
and  ambracaa  all  acu  wbicb  by  iha  Uwa  of 
wbara  ibay  wara  cumaiMiad  ara  aw<la  criminal.' 
1'ba  accaaallun  aiaat  ba  In  lli«  imm  of  an  aA- 
davit,  or  ladiciaMmt  km»4  and  daty  aalhanll- 
caiad.  If  by  aAdaaii.  Ii  akoaid  ba  taAciaally 
full  to  laalliy  atraal  and  coanaaitmant  for  baar 
liig.*  Tba  acciiaad  maai  ba«a  dad  fnm  Iba 
Siala  la  wbicb  Iba  criaM  waa  RMnmlltad  ;  mi 
ol  Ibia  tba  aaa«Mli*a  aatborMy  of  iba  Mala  apon 
wbicb  Iba  daauMd  !«  aMda  aboald  ba  raaaoa- 
ably  aalMad.  Tbia  la  aoniallaiaa  doaa  1^  aft- 
da*li.  la  Ikt  abaanca  of  dirad  avidoaM  aa 
lh«  ipMUloa  of  Nigbi.  If  it  appaar  ttmk  Ibo  la- 
•Ikiiaant  ar  aAdavk  prodaead  ikai  Iko  orkao 
cbargod  to  alrocioaa  ia  lla  aalata.  and  raoaally 
c<iMa»lMod,  aad  ibo  proaacallaa  proaiplly  kMli 
iHiad,  Iba  anaaplniaod  arwaaM  of  tba 
m  aaolbar  Siaia  laaaadktaiy  alW  ika 
tlon  of  Ika  ^aia  laay  ba  rajardad  i 
/*tit  avidaaca  of  li^i,  MMciawt  at  _  ^ 
wamal  aa  ordar  of  arraal.  Tbo  order  of  aar 
rtadar  to  aol  ra«i«^rad,  by  art  of  CoamM,  to 
ba  BMda  at  tba  Muaa  tbaa  wkk  ika  ardor  of 
•rroal,  aad  UaM.  ibarafora.  oaa  bo  takoa  bi 
doabtnd  Maaa.  a/lor  ika  aocaaad  to  iinanJ,  to 
baa*  pniofa  to  aalabliab  or  rsbal  awak  JrlUa 
/i/i(r  ovidonM.* 

Tba  aarraadar  of  Iko  iciMid  vaal  ba  aMdo 
in  aa  agant  of  Iba  aaooatlTa  ratborily  of  Iko 
dt  maadlncSlato,  daly  appo<alad  to  taoaltra  Iko 
fu  ;ki«o.  Tko  pnicoodU«i  of  Iko  onocaMvo 
auiborliy  aro  MMad  to  bo  raviowod  oa  AafaM 
ff^mt  by  Iko  jadklal  powar.  aad  U  hmnd  raid 
iho  priaoaar  aMy  bo  dkckafgod.* 

Aay  poraoa  aottlag  at  llbwly  or  toHMrfiM  a 
fn^ilWo froM  aa  ogont  wklla  HaaaponkMalb- 
C'lvatotka  Slatoor  Tmltory  Awi  wklck  ka 
Cud  to  llabia  to  a  iaa  of  iva  baadrad  dollam 
and  laiprtoonaMat  aol  aacaadi^  mm  w^r» 
Caiiu  Laws.  Sm  Gkhbkal 

UAMiNa  to  aa  agracaMal ,_.  „ 

mora  panuM  to  play  by  ooitaia  laknat  CMfdi, 
d!ca,  or  olbar  ooatrlvaaco  tbal  Iko  laaak  akoli 
daianalaa  tko  oaraor  of  Iko  anwaat  alakod, 
contribalad,  or  ^vagerod  woa  Iko  gaaM.  Ia 
graMol,  at  GomaMa  Uw.  aft  gaaMO  am  towAil, 
nnlaH  aooM  fraad  kM  booa  pradtood,  or  aacb 
camM  ara  coalrary  to  pabtie  policy.  Ettk  of 
(ha  parttoo  to  Ika  oaaMHl  aaat  kavo  a  rigkl  to 
ihaaMMyortfclaanbqradfbr.  Hama«ba«o 
givoa  kto  fall  and  few  ootHMal,  aad  aol  kavo 
been  oalrappad  by  Afaad.  'ntare  aiaat  ba 
oqaalttT  ia  tbo  iday.  Tko  pkqr  «mi  bo  ooa- 
dudod  fairly.  Bat  ovoa  wkca  all  ikoM  lalm 
kava  boaa  oiaonrod,  tba  ooarta  will  aol  ooaa. 
loaaaM  gaatii^  bv  giWag  loo  aoqr  a  roaady 
foriko  lacovofjr  of  annoy  won  at  pfaqr^    ■« 


'ATUni. 
two 


urn. 


I  0—4  ItM  ItMM  p(iii€t4««4,  M  In  nil  n«lMr 
I  tiM  nMMr*<t  I*  «fH4l  t  •'xi  In  «»m«  eau« 
I  IIm  party  tM*  ^w^n  guiliy  ol  elMMtng,  hy 
>«lk  itjM  flti*.  r«|.|a,  •■!<<  ItM  itht,  Im 
■Mf  b«  indic4«<l  •!  ciwitftwMi  Uw.anil  Anaal  mnI 
taifrtHiMA,  MCMrdliig   to  iIm  iMinoMiMM*  of 

FVw  Hm  !««•  Iwlitrfdlng  gMiiia^  m*  IIm 
Obmhal  WTAnrrmt. 

(UMim  NtMftn  ar*  houtm  li«|>l  fur  ika 
|Mr|)nM  of  [MtraiUlIng  iwtaim*  lu  fflmM*  fiir 
•Hin*y  or  i>«b«r  ««IimI>(«  liiln|«.  1lMry  tirn 
nmi—nem  In  liM  •7*  of  Ik*  law.  Mm  ikMrl 
monlal  to  lk«  |Mbltc,  m  iImv  pWMIBH  clMMing 
•ihI  Mhm  cnrtupl  ptacltr«*,* 

(Uot.     Hm  JAII.)  Fiiann.  Mcv. 

(Jooe  BiMAVioa.  H«ir*<)f  far  gwM  IwlMviar 
■k*  Im  4««m4mI  froM  Mf  fmam  wko  Is 

Cllf  wwfi««t<l,  wpmt  wiWiiliiU  mmuM,  of 
•wNiie  to  eoMMlt  •  «H«M  or  mM^mmmnnt. 
N«Mly  far  Mod  Iwliavfar  la  mmmwImu  sImIIm 
•••■NIf  •!  iIm  Mww,  ImI  tiM  rmrogniuuM*  i« 
man  mdlv  forfaliwl,  and  it  oagM  ts  b«  ifa. 
mmMM  wnk  ffraMar  caNiiM.* 

Oncm  AMD  CNAiTtu.  CImmm  In  action, 
•a  Uak  iMl«L  HHfigaga  JtiJi.  ainl  iiMway.  dn 
•Ml  fall  wUMn  iIm  iwtiMlcal  «MlMki«ii  of 
«  Moda  a«d  diallaU  1 "  aad  If  dMcribwi  in  an 
ladtetMaM  m  Modi  «imI  cliaUat^  Umm  word* 
MM*  ba  wjaalai  a*  nrplwHMa.* 

OKAMoLAactiry.  gt«|ila  lawa«y  b4brkl»d 
hMo  fiaad  iMMftf  and  Mill  lammy.  Grand 
lawaiiy  ia  akd*  a  felmijr  1«  wwi  Slaiaa,  wklU 
paM  laraawy  <•  aada  a  mMaaHMwr— (ka  for- 
■Mr  MKhMcaa  larcaniw  fagai  a  praacribtd 
■Mimm  (#.  #.  Ihra  dollam  la  vahM)  to  any 
aMKMiii  In  «anM,  llowavar  gnal  (  tfcw  kMUr  It 
any  •hmnhii  la  «ahM  taa  omm  iIm  praacrthad 
wwhmM  {t.g.  Ava  doOan  in  valwa), 


tkir 


OSAVi. '  IW  vMadoa  af  tlw  gravt.  by 
ffctaif  yjiJaad  kody.  or  aiMllBt  tlw  oolite  or 

pWW  fHHMiy  ■   ft   MWMMMMMMW  Si    CWIWHlOlPi 

linr.<  Hwalllii  far  vtalniaa  (at  lim  grava, 
daMMtfM  «f  filwltala.,«>»  awmid  ki 
■Mai  oCiIm  S^laa. 

8m  D«40  Bmut,  ahoM. 

OviLT  li  oHWMUqpi  dtawi  HiMiqr  to 

I    4  fa  HWii  M  IWOWCI.      I« 

Imbiii  whU 

I A  party  daitoayt 

/faamMtd. 

|o  almw  iIm 

Ina  »tiMf 

-ofikaakto!* 

jA  part  of  HM 

iwlNratbr  pMi- 


gaUt 


J-iK 
■v.dfa 


fa  ocnnnly  pMBniM  wJkuttiwf 
tmA  ■aalMlw,  a»d  fa  gawially 

>.  ftt.  •••  fmmXi.tmt  lUMMOfak 
■v.«fai|  nrfa.  Mt.  iM^lfafk  |lk«i  •  Votm. 
««yt  14  vRk  jMw.  M|  ItaMiwr^Mw.   Aa  m  «ftai 

tllH(fe.lkB.O.0M.«rt|  aAAr.aiW  il«MbCr. 


af  IM  MNM  riMractar       II  M«»  ■ 
«ii«Hm<>«    inilitalttra,    tutK    «•»    iha    wutkinn 
wimmI,  ana««la,  w«a«li^  qaaiTTiiig,  and  llM  Ilk 
wiyluyniiH. 

IUmumu.    fla«  KxactmoM,  afatva. 

liBAatrm.     Hm  lUla,  KviMMOii    Bbami 

MATIiiM,  aa««. 

IIWNWAV  Koaaaav  %m  RoMHHiv.lMfaw 
lloMK  ir>«  I*  iha  liillhig  of  alMtNMN  Mm,* 
Inr  h«m»n  a««ncy  '  KactMMtMa  iMaiMda  wim 
(Jat-r  aiMt^r  Mich  circiMiHaacaa  af  aaaMani 
or  ni'CMMiy  ikai  ih«  party  «an«M<  MfaUy  W 
•atil  u,  lM*«  rnnMtitad  lia  act  adMMly  aiKl 
InlaniMwally,  and  wiMraify  Im  fa  wlla«wl  *<iiii 
Iha  pMaby  annaaad  la  IIm  aaawifaafa*  af  ■ 
(•l«M*i<MM  Wimtctda  ralMlaw  lawiiUi  U 
iku  maiaiUtad  wIMilly  awdif  aaak  afaaaw 
tianva«  aa  lt>  rawkr  ll  mnMmMc.  fwUialiU 
Komlcko  >•  i|Miaa«uaMI*d  willkiyitaMM,b«4 
uwdafMtctidwtMMlaatatattowwdarlfcaartowa 
l<mp«r  i«  ba  paifaMnd.  TIm  dfaltoalfaw  b* 
iwaM  hMMakb  aMi  amMaMa  iMMfaUa  falfcai 
l«  tka  (mmv  Om  Ullli«  fakM  pfaMwdbMt  any 
Mwiaar  a#  favH  M  *•  part  af  IIm  afap«f  I  In  iIm 
I'oiarlkarafaaaaMilfailllMilll  haHMMiaalM 
ttMawr  iiaaaaalila  ami  mmimm  liMiiaidt  linw  la 
afrailaMli|BrtaaHlillBilln.  Paraaiialu 
"If  a pariM  dHttog a  aawfaga  baipia  i»  1UH 
If  kawvwUd  MMlyiiStM«r  dw 

M.kvMM^aMfdari  UImniH^' UMfan 
ib«>  dar^ar,  b«t  4M  Ml  Iffo^  iit^**  Ma,  il 
will  h-<  t-utxilaaglMit  kM  If  'J «  'crkaot  liap- 
|i«i««d  ,;i  Micii  a  aMMNt  I  >'  I  tir'u«i  «>!  d«a 
cara  cowld  ba  laapalad  la  ti.  <  ,  n.  u  wUi  ha 
acc»iti»lal  daalli  $mi  wiimiaM*  wmiA^K."'' 

To  aaMtHiMa  iba  atwiiii  of  brmyJuiiia  *«« 
MNM  be  a  paiUM  fai  aalial  «aM*^.  v  <>  b«l  dM 
dmr««i«n  «f  baBMB  Miiliap  |^«kKl  ailar 
Mrtk  la  kMnlaida,  hawarw  Mir  It  mm  ba  lo 
•iiImUm  faaaa  aay  allMr  aawa.*  Tka  panoN 
killad,  to  aaMdtoM  iba 
miMt  ba<ra  baan  MlMid  to 
TbiM.  a  toMfar  af  IM  faNMy  is  ifaM  af  trw 
baa  no  fifbl  to  Wt.  bM  Mvy  b«  kUM.  A 
(ffintlNai  MMrtawad  to  tlaam  baa  ae  ii|^  to  Ufa ; 
M  M  panM  CM  lalM  Ma  bNl  tbawMliiilMii 
oftcar,  and  la  dw  Maaaar  yainuWiad  by  law. 

8ta  Mvaimi  llAMtLAMitMBi  Sap- 
DsrtNCB. 

HovM  or  CMUcnoM  fa  «a  MyfaHi  or 
pHMd  for  taaorrigiWaa  ar  ihaM  wke  ka*a  aMi- 
■Itted  uiaor  ertiaaa. 

HotMs  or  lu^rAHS  fa  a  boat*  minil  to 
far  dw  parpoaa  of  HaadlMfaa  «a4  Inritaiii ' 
Kaapfan  a  Imm  m  III  hi!  fa  aa  «AiM»  at 
aMaiMaiMr.*  So»ilwltilM«r  ak^iMliA 
w«MMB  of  Ifi-faaM.  kaaarlMlMr  to  la  mk, 
widiiha kitoal dwl k ■kaHba  fat fai  paiBMM 
of  praattartlw,  fa  M  la^cfabl*  «fc»»  at  Mif 
■MM  law.'    If  a  lodgar  kfa  iwr  tnm  far  Iftt 


Cat.  Ml.    41-iKiM, 
atLOiMt^Mk 

id.  af.    Nir 


-yPJH. 


mmmmmm^^ 


Mr     It  «M.  IM  M*  »#  i^< 

«atli    t*   (M    wufliinii   . 
lag.  n— iiji<m,  mhI  iIm  Itk': 

UKVTtM>,  sIMM. 

ml*,  RviMBMai   tbtAtti 

lav    %•»  R« 

c<r««i«iiMMMM  af  aMMatii 
)•  |ia«4y  raaat  Miklly  Iw 
lii««t  Ika  act  wttMhr   mkI 

41  tXiWlllWll  lllll   «f  * 


ubUr 

it  MfiaMMUa.     iwltfcbr* 
taylu4  wMlMI  faMNl. bw 
aa  M  HMMb*  lb*  M«  OM 
TiMiMMteii  IM 

1  Mil— Matirti'ilfiliil  1 


«ailaww<ilMMNaH)r 
IM  fMi  af  tka  ihyar  I  in  Um 
MfMlMlli  hmmmimM. 

il4iillMlM.  ParaaaiMlti 
I  •  «WHMlMffMI  !•  kill 

aM,aa4)r«lii 
4ari  If  lMiiii;''t>  ha««i 
I  Ml  l»'l'  i'-rfv.t«  Ma,  k 
>i  kMtr  'I .'  M-<  i'.  <i«it  it«|»- 

l«4  to  u  <       will  H» 

•».>-><  •^•'.  <*  ImM  Ika 
■a  Mfc  ■*  aajr  ,..,»««<  aHar 

MWVVW  M«r  k  flMVl*  to 
fl<lM»«W«.*     Tktl 
•  dH    fclMllllll 

mirili  ft)  hh 
***MHqriB  <kM«f  war 
t,  kM  W7  to  kUM.  A 
n4MftkaaiMii(gkitoiifct 
ifctilfc  fco  Ito— ikartMil 

MiUWtAMBIHIt     SCLV- 

UKTioai  b  an  ajriun  or 
laa  4M  dMM  «k0  ha««  «u- 

u«  it  ■  koMt  raMMidl  U) 
imitilMiMi  *aA  InimmtJ 
rOMtoM  k  nn  iftiii  ii 

kaMHM^wM  toMMlk 
hikiiMbhtfaipwpmi 

C«r  kit  knr  f»m  fw  Mm 


LAW. 


M 


rHtrpiwa  «l  iMUactlmtttaHi  prw.1««H(m.  ik«  hi 
^.1  1  nl  k»«p«ng  ■  btMtM  <rf  III  fania  ••  Mmli 
M  11  «to  war*  tM  |ir«i|itt«ti>f  <i/  iIm  wh»l« 
lt<i«*«."  A  nuurUit  miouii  irlm  I|*m  •par' 
lr.H«  kar  IimImimI,  au*  N  ImJ1c««^  alona,  4m.J 
)w«>«lia4  fci*  li— ylag  a  knw  irf  lU  fama  «  Tha 
k-iuM  naMi  MtH  ba^apf  far  Ihi  )«  lo  eanMlinia 
ih«  iiAM«a.* 

lluMk  o»  Rawiir  I*  a«  aaylaai  or  prWm 
Iw  )ava«lta  4alln<)ii«iitii. 
1  lliMMMMaA>iiNi  i*  iIm  braalilai  ami  tnif  r. 
kg  Ik*  iwalling  huuM  uT  atxrfhar  by  maKi  nr 
♦T  <**ir.  w*«k  liMam  la  aiMMiiiM  toata  rat.my 
vlikia  Ika  aama,  whaihar  tack  felanloaa  lni»iii 
K  aaacwad  nr  not.  lltMMObnwJiiM  by  ntghi 
M  b«r|lary .  Tbia  crtma  la  o/  ■  kMaT  charatur 
tn<<  Ika  a««<bmc«  ra*pa«tlng  ib«  |»(a««  mutt 
corraapnwa  wUk  ibi  altafMkm  hi  lk«  IMIti 
locnt. 

iMriACMMairr  (a  •  wrillaii  aTuaMion  t>y  iIm 
Hiaia  €K  fadaral  booM  of  irpraaaniallva*  to  Iha 
<ana4a  tkwrmi  agaiwM  a  Huta  or  (  ral  officar. 
Tha  MM*  far,  mmmI«  i>r,  ami  iHat  »,  iMpaach 
Manta  U  provliod  far  by  balk  mu  aad  feilatal 
conadtaWloM. 

iNom  M  ookakkalloii  or  wiiaai  commarca 
hatvom  porwMM  rtlaiad  within  iba  dagraaa 
vbaroki  MarHaM  h  pvblhWatl  liy  ib«  law  »  It 
M  y— hkid  by  Am  or  laipriaouiaiii.  or  buth.  la 
Iha  roipactlva  (kaiaa. 

iHMCwmr  la  Ibat  whkk  hi  anrft  to  ba  taan. 
oikMl**  to  MorfaMy  and  dallcacy*  Tha  t>- 
poaara  by  a  bhui  «f  kit  nabeU  parwMi  on  a  bal- 
coay  lo  MbtU)  viaw,  or  bMking  in  pMblle,'  or 
Iha  aablNilon  oT  bawdv  pictvrta,*  ara  aaamplca 
rf  ladacaNcjr.  Svak  liKi««a«daa  ara  (nmUh- 
(Ma  by  kidlctMrNl. 

iNMCTMnrr  la  a  wriuan  accmatlon  or  lor- 
mat  «k«f|a  of  a  eriaaa  or  mladamoanor  pra- 
ftrred  l»  a  coort  by  a  lawfally  ctinalllatad 
|r«n4  Jwy  «iid«r  oalk.*  Tha  naamtol  r« 
avMMi  of  a  valid  Indlctmant  arai  i.  Thai 
Iha  laMctMcni  to  pcaented  to  loaM  eoort 
ha«ln(J«rladlclhM  of  ito  oitoca  Matad  iktra- 
in.  •.,  Thai  it  amioar  to  tova  btMi  ftMnd  l>y 
»>« jraM  Jury  of  tWpmpIr  mmif  or  dlMrlct. 
i.  1W  ft  to  fomd  a  lra«  kttl,  MMl  rfgaad  to 
Iha  fornaaii  of  tto  graikl  joiy,  and  wIm«  ra- 
qulrad  by  tew  tto  prataeattat  ■ttoriMy.  4. 
That  ba  ItauRad  #ilk  Mftdaat  aattalaty.oon- 
(•inhv  •  daaeripioii  ot  tto  crkM  or  mla- 
t«iaki»j>r  dtanad,  and  of  fluti  cnMilailnf 
Iha  olknca.  Wtotv  tto  ofcaoa  it  cnalad  to 
itatate.  a  daaariprtow  fat  tto  antt  af  tto  ttatata 


ir*^ 


iM.aar«i*«( 


•#*;  • 


f»fiia.i|a]   I 
I  iltor.  «4t  I 


h  ra««laiit.  }.  h  Man  to  In  ika  Kngll.n 
lan(«Mn«  But  anv  iliMamani  In  »  foralipi 
>•"€«"«•.  «  *  Mm),  may  »<«  lal  ,m  In  tha 
•irli^nal  (ongna,  and  than  Iha  iranalalUtn  ah/N* . 
Ing  lU  a|i|>lieail<Ht.*  Tlka  frnmal  r«<^aUtiai  0/ 
an  Imlurtmani  ara  1  I.  Tka  nama,  which.  4I 
C>wnm,m  law.  thoald  alway*  to  laJ«l  In  Iha 
euuniy  whata  iha  •iffroca  ha*  baan  coainiinait, 
allhoagb  iha  charm  to  In  lu  naiara  irtnaiiuf», 
aa  a  ballaiy  •  Tha  *«nue  i«  *»al«.|  In  liia 
aiargtn  («.  ,.,  at  ih«  bagtnning),  iba«  1  Slala 

uf  — .,  coanly  of  ,  ••.,  ,n  cliy  aii>J  v"M.iiy 

«rf ,  to  wit.     Nta  Ilia  ArrirtAvin,  ania  • 

».  Tha  praaammaiil,  whUh  mtat  to  In  iha 
tiraaaiil  lanaa,  and  U  utaally  aapraaaad  aa  ful- 
l«)w»i  "Tha  granil  jury  ol  tha  Niaia  (or  com- 
nionwaahh)  »l  ,  inquiring  in  and  for  iha 

(ciiy  and)  county  of  ,  aforaMld,  uiMtn  'Mr 

oaiha  and  aArmailimt.  {Hranani."    |.  Thar  ,f  a 
oribad*r«ndaat.  4.  Tha  lima  when  tha  offtaaa 
waa  cutnmlila<i.     j .    Ito  jJaca  whara  ito  of 
fanca   wac   eummliiad.     6.  Tha  offence  inu«i 
•>«   Mifllcianlly  d««cril>ad.     If  tto  olfim.e    !.» 
»(alu(4irv,  a   daarrlpliitn   In   Iha   l#im«   of  the 
■laiaia  (»  MAdeiK.     See  AfXViAJum,  atova. 
Imrmmumwr.     Saa  roMruaioNt. 
iNriiaMATioN  la  In  tha  naiiira  of  an  Indlet- 
manl,  with  thia  aiciptlon  1  It  i*  nrafarred  by  Iha 
allomay  <if  iha  Hu  a  Intlaad  of  by  a  gran<l  Jury. 
Tka   pniaacuting   wiincw  or   wllniMe*  maka 
oalh  Ia  wriiinK  ibal  a  public  offanca  ha<  liaai. 
commlitad,  naming  tha  accu*r>l,  and  ttaiing 
Iha  tima  and  olata  of  its  cunir.ilatlon,     l/jion 
Ihia  affidavit  the  (wiMccuiing  attorney  liatea  hi* 
Informaiioa — returning  both   affidavit  and  In- 
formation lo  court. 
Saa  AcxnniATKm,  "  IndlcimcnI.    above. 
Itm^rrioN   l*   aim,   deoign,  determination, 
or  parpoae.     To    r«nd«r    an  act  criminal,   a 
wrongful  int-n»  muat  e«i«.«     And  ihl*  muM  to 
cumMnad  w.th  a  wn>ngful  act)  aa  mere  Intent 
1*  not  punishable,'  but  a  wrongful  inleni  may 
render  an  act  olbcrwiaa  Innocant  criroi.ial.* 

Ganarally,  wtora  any  wrongful  act  it  cow. 
mittad,  Ito  kw  will  infer  conclusively  thai  it 
waa  Intantlonally  committed.*  and  aho  thai  the 
natiirai,  naeaiaary.  and  even  prakalila  conte- 
qaancaa  arara  latanded.^ 

Where  by  Ito  common  law  of  by  the  provl- 
kion  ot  a  alatata,  a  particular  Inlanllon  it  eaten- 
tial  to  an  oAeno.,  or  a  criminal  act  la  attempted 
tot  not  accompllthed.  and  tto  evil  intent  only 
can  to  puaiakad,  It  I*  nacaetary  to  tJHtgt  the 

4141  rldjiHi  alfaaa.  ijt:   aB.  tiM.jiy,   .  |MI 
Aril.  48;    laVl.u];    i  Da*.  It  0.  iii ;   Ollp 


Sit,  O  jaeT '»  pwaih' 

4t,  •./   Kuai.  A  R.  jtl ; . 


Hi/   hMwa  JaMi.(lr  C*; 
lll.ftM.4M:  jLaw.  Cr. 


1' 


I 


It 


UkW. 


Inlmt  with  dittlnctnctn  nnd  prcclilon,  and  to 
tapport  the  •llegation*  with  prouf.  On  th« 
other  huid,  if  tlie  uAleiiuc  doei  nut  rest  merely 
in  teodeacy  or  in  attempt  to  do  a  certain  act 
with  a  wicked  purpote,  but  contiata  ir.  doing 
an  unlawrul  or  criminal  act,  the  evil  intention 
will  be  presumed,  and  need  not  be  alleged,  or, 
If  aUeged,  it  ii  a  mere  formal  averment  which 
need  not  be  proved.* 

Proof  of  intention  may  be  of  external  and 
viiible  act«  and  conduct  from  which  the  jury 
may  infer  the  fact,'  or  it  may  be  by  proof  of  an 
act  committed ;  ai  in  the  caao  of  burglary  wi(h 
intent  to  iiteal  {  proof  of  burglary  and  stealing 
l«  concluiiye.* 

When  I  man  intending  one  wrong  faila,  and 
accidentally  commits  another,  he  will,  except 
where  the  particular  intent  is  a  substantive  part 
of  the  crime,  be  held  to  I  ave  intended  the  act 
he  did  commit  > 

Jail.  County  Jail  is  a  place  provided  for 
the  confinement  of  persons  arrested  uix>n  civil 
or  criminal  process,  and  held  in  custody  of  the 
sheriff.  It  is  the  common  place  of  confine- 
ment for  persona  confined  for  contempt  of  court, 
witnesses,  and  persons  without  bail  awaiting 
trial,  ud  those  convicted  of  lesser  offences. 
It  is  generally  Inhabited  by  the  sheriff  or 
keeper  and  his  family,  and  is  an  inhabited 
dwelUng-lMNise  within  the  statutes  against 
arson.' 

TlorASDV  b  nnwsure  to  danger,  death,  haz- 
ard, or  injttiy.  This  is  the  situation  of  a  pris- 
•ner  when  a  trial  jury  is  impanelled  and  sworn 
to  try  his  case  vpwi'k  valid  Indictment.  Such 
u  jury  has  been  charged  with  Lis  delivcrance<l 
And  should  the  prosecation  be  abandoned  at 
•his  stage  of  the  case,  and  the  jury  be  dis- 
dtaiged,  «r  otherwise,  the  prisoner  cannot  be 
again  pat  upon  his  trial  by  the  same  jnrisdic- 
tioQ.  nakis  this  privilege  b«  waived  bgr  the  de- 
fendaat' 

JiwnvuBLi  HoMiauB.  See  HoMiciiiit, 
slwve. 

KnmAmNO  U  the  act  of  stealing  or  foicible 
abductioa  of  a  hnroan  being  froai  his  own 
home  or  oouutrv."  It  inclndes  fiUse  imprison- 
ment.' A  carryiiwawav  is  not  essential.*  This 
wu  a  capital  cdraoe  by  the  Jewish  law;  and 
is  a  highly  penal  ofliuice  in  all  the  States.  See 
ABOucnoN,  above. 

Knowlbdoi  is  the  power  of  knowing;  it  is 
a  perceptiM  cf  that  which  exisU;  cofnisanee 
ortrnth  and  ftet;  infbrmatioo.  Many  acts  ai« 
perfectly  innocent  when  the  party  petfoiaaing 


_         /.C  J.:  ■Alhm.iloi  sm  <  Staifc.  C  ft  P. 
i«(iS^aitrCr.lU«3s;3tBMl.4Mi«CWh.««.    f- 

SIS!  I  Mm.  (Mass.)  m:  >  O^I- C..CjiSj  tOut.k 

&.  Oa.  (4  Bd.)<9{  •  Kitt.  n.  Cr,  Mao:  •  Co*  Cr. 
^•»L''J"fc».y»'«c4_io,;  4UM^M}.  J- 


Ihem  is  not  aware  of  certain  circumstances  M 
tending  them  t  for  example,  a  man  may  ua^s  .1 
counterfeit  note,  and  )>e  guiltless,  if  he  did  nm 
know  it  wu  so ;  he  may  receive  stolen  goodt, 
if  he  were  not  aware  of  the  fact  that  they  wire 
stolen.  In  these,  and  like  cases,  it  is  the  guiltv 
knowledge  which  makes  the  crime.  Such 
Ruilty  knowledge  is  made  by  the  statuta  a  con- 
srltuent  part  of  the  offence;  and,  therefore,  it 
must  be  avv.ccd  and  proved  as  such.  But  ii  is, 
in  general,  true,  nnd  may  be  considered  as  * 
rule  almost  necessary  lo  the  restraint  and  pun- 
ishment of  crimes,  that  when  a  man  does  that 
which,  by  the  common  law  or  by  statute,  is  un- 
lawful, and,  in  pursuing  his  criminal  purpose, 
does  that  which  constitutes  another  «nd  differ- 
ent oiTence,  he  shall  be  held  responsible  for  ail 
the  legal  consequences  of  such  criminal  act. 
When  a  man,  withoat  justifiable  cause,  intends 
to  wound  or  maim  another,  and  in  doing  it, 
kills  him,  it  is  murder,  though  he  had  no  inten- 
tion to  tako  life.  But,  in  general,  such  bad 
motive  or  criminal  will  and  purpose— thiu  dis- 
position of  the  mind  and  hentt  which  is  des- 
ignated by  the  generic  and  significant  term 
'•  malice ',' — is  implied  irom  the  criminal  act 
itself.  But  if  a  man  does  an  act  which  would 
lie  otherwise  criminal,  through  mistake  or  acci- 
dent, or  by  force  or  Uie  compulsion  t4  otiicn, 
in  which  his  own  will  and  nund  did  not  insti- 
gate him  to  the  act  or  oonrur  in  it,  it  is  a  mat- 
ter of  defence,  to  be  averred  and  proved  en 
his  pert,  if  it  does  not  rise  out  of  toe  circum- 
stances of  the  case  adduced  on  the  part  of  the 
prosecution.* 

Larceny  is  the  unlawful  or  fekmioas  taking 
and  cartTing  away  by  one  penon  of  the  persoDU 
goods  and  chattels  of  another  with  intent  to 
convert  them  to  his  own  use,  and  without  the 
consent  of  the  owner.'  Larceny  k  cither 
grand  or  petit  See  Grand  Larcimy,  above. 
The  property  of  the  owner  taken  may  be  either 
generaH  or  special.'  There  mns^  .be  a  taking 
ngainit  the  consent  of  the  owner,*  and  the 
taking  will  not  be  larcenv  if  consent  be  giv«n, 
thou^  otoiued  tnrfiaud.*  When  ut  posses- 
sion of  an  article  b  intrusted  to  a  {Wtsoo  who 
carries  it  away  and  i4ipref)riatea  it,  thb  U  no 
larceny;*  but  where  the  custodv  b  meieljr 
parted  with,  sueh  misappropriation  ka  larc^y.' 
The  taking  must  he  in  the  county  where  tb« 
criminal  b  to  be  tried,*  but  when  Ae  taking  is 
in  the  county  or  State,  and  the  thief  b  caught 
with  the  stolen  property  in  another  ooonty  thsa 
that  whoro  the  theft  was  eonunitted,  he  may  be 


••4BtCaasai 


,    ••Ffr  Shaw,  C.  j. ; 

As  M  itfMror  guilty  IumMcs,  sm  I 


HmJK  B.  Usi.  Cr.'Cas.  .8y: 
s»t_4  Wash.  C.  C.  »».    «.i 


ld(S,  SM  I 

I  C.  ft  K.  s>(i  s  Denio 
f-^.tSTeTft'^^ 


tft:  C»m,im.   f.isS.ftK. 
fOssCr.  Cas-tti). 


MS  »C.  ft/.Mi :  •«J««v»ll!„rCMt  &  Cas.  189. 
ft»  **•  "^  ft  iq.  ?fe:.4i:.  ft  P.  so:  sId.  ui:  > 

MMT.tia;  il>Mio,iao:  *i9.3.m:  sOsatoCr. 
CBa.sl4.   wtC*P.a|tity:ft]in«. 


iwtre  of  ceriain  circum«lancen  ,il 
I :  for  example,  ■  man  may  i>.iss  i 
ote,  and  i>e  guillleM,  ir  he  did  not 
no ;  he  inny  receive  itolen  goods, 
)t  aware  of  the  fact  (hat  they  were 
bete,  and  like  caset,  it  ix  the  guilty 
irhich  Biakea  the  cHme.  Such 
edge  is  Duuie  by  the  itatuta  a  Con- 
or the  offence;  and,  therefore,  it 
[«d  and  proved  aa  such.  But  it  in, 
rue,  nnd  may  be  coniidered  as  i 
ecestHary  lo  the  restraint  and  pun- 
rimea,  that  when  a  mnn  does  that 
I  common  law  or  by  statute,  is  un- 
In  pursuing  his  criminal  purpoie, 
ich  constitutes  another  «nd  differ- 
le  shall  be  hcM  responsible  for  all 
isequenccs  of  such  criminal  act. 
,  without  justifiable  cause,  intendi 

maim  another,  and  in  doing  it, 
I  murder,  though  he  had  no  inten- 

life.  But,  in  general,  cuch  bad 
ninal  will  and  purpose — (hat  dit- 
M  mind  and  henrt  which  is  dei- 
he  generic  and  significant  term 
I  implied  from  the  criminal  act 
f  a  man  does  an  act  which  would 
criminal,  through  mistake  or  acd- 
irce  or  the  compulsion  c^  otiien, 
awn  will  and  nund  did  not  insti- 
h«  act  or  oonrur  in  it,  it  is  a  mat- 
e,  to  be  aveired  and  proved  on 

does  not  riseontoftbecircum- 
I  case  adduced  on  the  part  of  the 

s  the  unlawfiil  or  felonioas  taking 
way  by  one  person  of  the  persoMU 
lattels  of  another  with  intent  to 
to  his  own  use,  and  without  the 
be  owner.'  Larceny  is  cither 
.  See  GftAMD  LAftcbrr,  above. 
of  the  owner  taken  may  ht  either 
edal.'  There  must  .be  a  taking 
onsent  of  the  owner,*  ami  the 
it  be  larccBV  if  consent  be  givvn, 
ed  fa*  fiancL*  When  Wi  posse*- 
Ide  u  intmsted  to  a  pmon  who 
ly  and  apprafsriates  iC  this  is  no 
where  th«  custody  is  merely 
leh  o^isappropriatioa  ka  hwceny.' 
tust  he  in  tM  conntr  where  the 
be  tried,*  bat  when  tae  taking  is 
or  State,  and  tha  thief  is  caught 
1  Pitnerty  in  another  ooonty  than 
I  theft  was  committed,  ha  may  be 

■MB.  si^.  ••Ftr  Shaw,  C.  J. :  •  Met 
I  to  pfobr  or  giillir  knovMft,  ik  I 
-  c»-  Cas.  .8y-Mi.  »•  East.  PI.  Cr. 
■I  C. «  K.  s>>:   ■  I>cnio 

S4  Mais,  air  J   II Ala. 

T.  (44:  aC.  fkP-44 


'to 

,Sf»!  « 
t 


I'DsiioCr.' 


•  Id.  s«s:  tjSLh.'CmJf: 
Njl:  mMi.(M.8.)4*«;  iSich 


rJrTc'l 


'yCas  Cr.  Cas.  ttf. 


u. « 


(N.  S.)  tm.tfK.  V 
P.a|(lty.atlfri«. 


Id.  tu:  > 


LAW. 


M 


h^ed  in  the  county  where  arrested  with  the 
goods;  as,  by  cunatruction  of  law,  there  is  a 
freah  taking  in  every  county  in  which  the  thief 
carries  the  stolen  properw.'    There  must  be 
an  actual  taking  away  of'^  the  article,*  but  a 
very  slight  removal,  if^it  amounu  to  a  (aking 
into  poaKsaion.  is  sufficient.'    The  property 
must  be  personal,*  and  it  must  be  of  some 
value  though  but  »li)fhi.«    Things  annexed  to 
the  freehold,  as  growing  grain,  grass,  trees,  and 
the  like,  or  lead,  or  fixtures  attached  to  a 
Jiouse,  are  not  (he  subject  of   larceny  until 
severed.*    Nor  can  larceny  be  committed  of 
things  which  are  not  the  subject  of  property, 
such  as  the  dead  body  of  a  human  being. 
Animals  of  a  wild  nature  unreclaimed,  cannot 
be  the  subject  of  larceny,  for  there  is  no  prop- 
erty in  them  absolute  or  Qualified,*  it  is  other- 
wiae  if  they  are  reclaimed  or  confined.*    And 
animals  may  be  of  m  base  a  nature  as  not  to 
be  the  subject  of  larceny,  though  tame  and 
salable,  as  tame  bears,  caU,  dogs,  and  mon- 
keys.* 
LKAOt/x.    See  Conspiracy,  above. 
Levying  War.    See  Teeason,  below. 
Limitation  is  a  time  within  which  an  ac- 
cusation may  be  made,  or  an  indictment  found 
or  an  information  made  against  a  person  for  the 
commission  of  a  crime  or  misdemeanor.  Umi- 
tation  never  expires  during  the  life  of  the  of- 
fender for  treason  or  murder.    Limitalioa  in 
:ascs  of  felony  varies  from  ten  to  two  yean; 
for  misdemeanors  or  the  lesser  offences  it  is 
generally  from  two  yean  to  sixty  days. 

LviNO  IN  WAIT  is  ambuscade  for  tha  par> 
|KMe  of  murder.  Lying  in  wait  te  evidence  of 
iremeditation,  malice,  mtention,  deliberatioo. 
Maim;  see  Mayhkm,  below. 
Maintenamcs  is  an  officious  interference  in 
u  suit  in  which  the  offender  has  no  inteiart,  to 
assist  one  of  the  parties  against  the  other,  with 
money  or  advice,  to  nrawcute  or  defend  dM 
action,  without  am  authority  or  interest,  tt  law.* 
It  is  the  intermeddling  of  a  strangnr  in  a  suit  for 
the  ntrpose  of  stirring  up  strife  and  ""■"■^iiing 
the  litigation.'  There  an  many  ads  la  tta 
nalun  of  maintenance  which  become  jastifiahle 
from  the  circumstances  under  which  they  are 
performed.  They  may  be  justified:  i.  Beeavaa 
the  patty  has  an  interest  in  the  matter  in  vari- 
ance; as,  when  he  has  a  ban  oontingencT  in 
the  lands  in  question,  which  possibly  may  never 
develoD  into  being.*  a.  Becanse  the  party  is 
of  kindred  or  affinitv,  as  litther,  son ;  Mr  u>- 
parent,  husband,  wife,  ete.k  3.  Becaase  & 
relation  of  kndkirri  and  tenant,  master  or  ser- 
vant, etc,  snbaisis  between  the  party  to  the  suit 
and  the  pcnon  who  cuisu  him.    4.  Because 


>.  sse.  wf; „ .  . 

Rollc,a|;  jtTniat.1^.     m^tAS'ut;  iHuHnt. 

Hria,5>t^  «.!  Ruas.,Cr.  i|i.    r*  Pkrfaos'  Comr. 


rBecAkr. 


64Cew.<as.    l-i 


the  money  is  given  out  of  chant).'    5.  Because 
(he  person  sssiating  the  paiiy  u>  the  suit  ii»  an 
adomey  or  counsellor;  the  aiiaistance  to  be 
rendered  must,  however,  l>e  atrictly  professional, 
for  a  lawyer  is  no  more  justified  in  givin«  hi* 
client  money  than  another  manJ   See  title  Con- 
tracts, "  Maintenance,"  ante. 
Malpracticr.    See  Mri>ical  Law,  below. 
Mali<»  is  the  intentional  doing  of  an  un- 
lawful or  felonious  act  without  just  cause  or 
excuse.*    ExpreM  malice  exists  when  the  party 
evinces  an  intention  to  commit  the  crime.    Im- 
plied malice  <8  that  inferred  bf  law  from  (he 
facu  proved.!    Malice  is  implied  in  every  cone 
of  intentional  homicide;  and  the  fact  of  kill- 
ing being  first  proved,  all  tb<t  circumstances  of 
accident,  necessity,  or  infoinnalily  are  to  be 
satisfactorily  established  by  the  party  charged, 
unless  they  trise  out  of  the  evidence  produced 
against  him  to  prove  the  homicide,  and  the  cir- 
cumstances attendins  it.    If  then  be  in  fact 
circumstances  of  justification,  excuse,  or  pallia- 
tion, such  proof  will  naturally  indicate  them. 
But  whan  ttie  (act  of  killbig  is  proved  bf  satis- 
factoijr  evidence,  and  then  an  no  drcum- 
stanees  disdoaed  tending  to  show  justification 
or  eacnse,  then  is  nothing  to  nbut  the  natural 
presamption  of  malice.    It  is  material  to  the 
just  ondersiandlng  of  thin  rule,  that  it  only  ap- 
plies when  the  killing,  and  nothing  fuithei.  is 
shown.     For  if  the  circumstances  disdosed 
tend  to  extenuate  tlie  act,  the  nrisoner  has  the 
Tull  benefit  of  such  facts.'"   It  to  a  general  rule 
that  when  a  man  commits  an  ad  unaccom- 
panied fay  any  circumsttuices  justifying  iu  com- 
missioa,  the  law  presumes  that  he  has  acted 
advisedly,  and  with  an  intent  to  produce  the 
ooasequences  which  have  ensued.    And  there- 
fon  the  intent  to  kill  is  oondusively  inferred 
from  the  deliberate  violent  use  of  a  deadly 
weapon." 

MAUaouB  iHJUKiin  an  those  oommitted 
wiUttlly  and  wantonly  witliont  eause.* 

MAuaoin  muchiiv  is  cnlawful,  wilful, 
wanton,  or  ndUessdaatruction  of  property.  In 
order  to  a  oonviction  of  the  oflimoe  ofmalidous 
mischief,  the  jury  mitit  be  satisfied  that  tlie 
ii^unr  was  done  either  out  of  a  qpirit  of  wanton 
cnieity,*or  wicked  nvenge.' 

MAuaoin  nttsPASt  Is  a  wiUul,  malicious, 
or  mischievous  injwv  of  private  or  public  prop- 
el^, nal  or  personal.'! 

MAMU.AUOirm  ii»  the  nnlawful  killing  of 
me  haman  bdag  by  imother,  without  malice  or 
intention.'  The  distinction  between  man- 
sUnghter  and  maidtur  is,  that  in  the  former, 
though  the  act  whi<di  occasions  the  death  be 

Ball.  401.  J-i  Raaa.  Cr,  i^j 


nrolM.  Abr.  MiMmmmw.    k-r«  B.  *  C.  tas:  .0  Mat. 
Man.  to4.    l-ii  Hwaplw.  ijt;  «  Haekf.  aw;  i  Smi. 

"'•  -'^*'  -■•    *»l««.(ilsaa,)»t:  sDav.*B.i)o; 


•  U.nt-.tM. 
1IIalen.Cr.4M1 


i 


mi 


!■! 


la^ 


506 


LAW. 


ivilawrni,  or  likely  to  he  attended  with  bodily 
ini«chief,  yet  the  malice,  expreie  or  implied, 
which  it  the  very  eiwence  of  murder,  U  pre- 
sumed to  be  wanting  in  mamUagktar.  In 
manilaughtcr  there  can  be  no  acoeaaotiea  be- 
fore the  fact,  liccauae  there  has  bam  no  time 
for  premeditation.*  Involuntary  maaakaglUer 
happtnt  witbstti  intention  to  injure.  Voluntary 
m.inslaughter  happem  from  intention  to  pro- 
duce the  injury.  Homicide  may  become  man- 
ilaughter  in  conaaquence  of  provocation;  by 
mutual  combat;  raektance  to  pnbllc  ofiicen, 
etc.;  killing  in  the  proiccutlon  of  an  nnlawful 
or  w.inton  act;  or  killiiw  in  the  proaeention  of 
a  lawful  act  improoerly  perforMcd,  or  per- 
formed without  Ifiwful  authority.  Tiie  provo- 
otion  which  reduces  the  killing  from  moraer  to 
inanalattghter  it  an  anawer  to  the  pr«Nmptian  of 
malice,  which  the  law  raiaes  in  emy  saa*  of 
homicide ;  k  ia,  ihetdbre,  no  answer  wher*  «x< 
press  malic*  is  provtd.*  And  to  ba  nvallobla 
the  provocatkm  mart  ham  bean  raaioMkb  and 
recent  t  for  no  words  or  slight  nrovoaBlkm  wiU 
lie  suffieient,  and  If  the  putf  has  had  tisM  to 
cool,  malice  will  be  inferred.*  In  cams  of 
mutual  combat  it  is  manslaughter  oiAf  when 
one  of  the  partiea  hi  killed.*  When  daattl  en-> 
Kues  from  duelling  the  rale  is  MSmmti  and 
Huch  killing  is  munler.  The  kUUng  of  an  offi- 
cer bv  resistance  to  Mm  wblla  uedng  wider 
lawful  authority  ia  murder;  bat  if  th«  officer 
he  acting  under  a  void  or  iUmd  aathori^,  or 
out  of  nis  jurisdiction,  the  UlUng  b  man- 
■daughter,  or  excusable  homicide,  accxMNSiag  to 
the  cir^^'  Manoea  of  Ae  case.*  When  dratb 
ensues  ima  tht  perionwuMa  of  a  lawlU  act, 
it  may  in  conscqunca  of  tha  wagUtawca  of 
the  oftndcr  amomt  to  manslanghtar.  For 
instance,  if  the  death  has  baan  occasioned 
hf  negligent  driving.*  Again,  wkan  death 
ensnec  from  the  gross  neg ligenre  of  a  aadi- 
oal  or  snrgical  practitioner,  it  is  manslai^hter. 
it  is  no  crime  for  any  penon  to  adanister 
nediciae,  hut  it  is  a  oriaMi  to  administer  it 
so  nnhhr  and  oarelcariy,  or  widi  audi  oiminal 
inattcnnon,  aa  to  prodnce  death;  and  to  this 
rc^MCt  then  4s  no  dUferaaee  betiram  ^ 
moat  rcfuiar  piactitioi>er  aad  tha  gnatait 
tftMtkJf         *  • 

Mjumi  lAUNO.    Sea  Ktmuanno,'  above. 

MAVmM.  Simnl*  maylMai  consists  to  vio- 
lcal%  aad  mtowfuily  depnvtog  aaodMnr  of  iha 
Bse  of  aay  bodilv  ■ambar,  or  to  «ailawfBlly 
aad  wilfullv  diaabiiaff  Iha  toagae  or  aya;  slit- 
ting or  bitiag  the  aMt,  «ar,  or  Up  of  aamar. 
Midieioaa  auyhan  cullrilti  to  tke  pofemHf, 
and  widi  pfeaMdltatla«,«oaiaiiidag^aqraf  the 
above  acts.    See  GnniAL  STATimB. 

a-i  Ktlm  PI.  Cr.  ait :  rosMr,  sea:  iCmh.  jas.   «4 
BjM.  CTi«tfn  PotMr,  131:  I  ffiMi.-n.  wern.  •  «-s 

Wakja:  pQnuumvt^WkOajtt t  >fcs*(i44;  4 

it.mlt^ss.«a»  - 


At  common  Inw  mayhem  was  an  injury  is 
any  part  of  a  man's  bu<iy  which  miulit  rcmUr 
him,  in  fighting,  Icjw  able  to  defend  nimself,  or 
annoy  his  adversary.*  So,  the  cutting  ofT  tlic 
ear  or  nose  was  not  held  mayhem  at  conimou 
law.* 

MlNACB.  See  Abotb;  AmoNT;  Assault, 
irfiDve. 

MUOBR  b  the  absorption  of  a  lew  oAencr 
in  a  greater.  When  a  man  conaaita  a  grrm 
crime  which  indadea  a  leaser  the  brtter  iamergn  I 
in  the  former.  Marder  when  ooaamitlec!  I»y 
blows  naceasaitly  indadea  the  ataaalt  and  bsi 
tery;  baltaty  nsciaiarUy  indudea  aa  assault ; 
a  miigianr  when  accompanied  with  the  felo- 
nioos  taking  of  paraonal  prwarty  aaeasMrily 
indadas  soca  iareeay.  In  an  Umm  aad  timi- 
lar  cases  the  lesser  criaaa  Is  ■mad  ia  ur  swsl- 
losred  <tp  bv  the  greater.  Bat  alien  one  of- 
fence is  of  the  aaase  charaekar  wkh  Ih*  other, 
there  can  ba  ao  aaifer,  as  to  caae  of  a  con- 
spiracy to  ooauait  a  asisdanaaaar,  aad  the 
sttfaseqnent  caaiailssioB  of  the  miadaBwanor  in 
puisaaac*  of  th*  eootpiraqr;  the  two  arimct 
beii^  of  emal  dqpae,  there  can  be  ao  legal 
merger.*  Whasa  the  idoiatioa  of  a  right 
admits  of  both  a  «M1  aad  criiatoal  rsawdy,  the 
right  to  praaaeale  ia  aot  OMiMd  to  aaothcr. 
Adetedaat  ialhMttoaciva  aetioa  to  the 
poity  fariand  aMwr  Mftar  Us  oomrictlM,*  or 
aoqailtaL* 

HtHBUOAimu  aia  affiawas  patMcfate  by 
fiae,  or  iaiprlsqamiat  to  Aa  oiaaaaaa  Jail,  or 
both.    Thay  an  all  oflHMaa  tofcrier  ta  Mo- 


M  tmont  b  the  act  of  anlnrM^jr  hffliag  a 
hmaan  bdag  viib  pnwiadibtad  mtiita,  hjf  s 
person  of  sooad  bIm  ar  to  ponaaaioa  of  bii 
reason.*   See  Onmui.  ftTATvni. 

MimLAnoM.    Sea  Mayhmi,  item. 

Miminr  b  the  aalawtol  tosawacUoa  ot 
r^'dtcfsoldiaiaoraaiHianagatoitllwaadior- 
itf  of  thdr  ccaiBMiBdcrs;  apca  nrirtaaoe  of 
officen  or  appoaitloii  to  Aair  aalhmte.  A 
awltoy  b  psaperly  the  act  of  aaashnsj'-W  bjr 
statataa  aaid  ordiiiaacai  far  towalag  ■*  anay 
aad  aavv,  the  acta  wUeh  coaftHaia  aMlliny 
an BHdiqflled  aad  dafiaad;  aad  acta  of  todi- 
•vMaab.  aaaoawtiag  ip  a  nabtaaea  af  Hfct  la- 
thoiinr  w i«wfid  iiniiiBiiHili  of  offiiMi^  an  d^ 
dand  wattov.  Officsn  bti^Htfi^' eantoi. 
axeitli^  or  jotaiag  natlay  an  miotr  tt  dM 
offinwe.  Madw  b  fanhkaWa  to  wa  atvy 
by  ftaa  or  jaatbenawt,  or  both.*  Aad  b 
we  anay  fay  doaOi  ar  aadi  adMnr  ambtoaast 
as  a  ooait  aaiithU  ahall  dbacO 

NwHiny  b  that  wUdi  aM 


Si:  sC.ltl|.aM:  ^.JkT.4|Bi  sJMaN|«llX 
-.  Cm.j<^    »4  ■'  0B»  Ma.    '*«'  liMt^Cb. 

ij  I  SmnSt,  m0.  J  lalhei.  ms. 


Ill 


VaLt, 


m 


•^«5ig, 


IWiiiHllllttliM 


HMWilBiMMHlllilUia 


MM 


I  law  m*yheni  wm  an  injury  (• 
mitn'i  body  which  mishl  remit  r 
ig,  l«M  able  to  defend  niiiMelf,  or 
erMiy.*  So,  the  cutting  off  the 
It  not  held  nwybem  al  common 

iM  AMmB{  AmoNTi  AnAuu, 

the  abaorpikm  of  a  Um  offencr 
When  a  man  conmiti  a  grtai 
dadcaa  Icwer  the  latter  iainerf;i-(l 
Harder  whan  ooBimiited  l»y 
ily  inclMlet  the  aMaalt  and  bat 
neoeaarily  inclndea  an  aMault; 
len  accompanied  wMh  the  felo 
if  penooal  pnoeny  nnnmriiy 
Ureeay.  In  alfllHwi  aad  limi' 
Mar  aim»  h  mmigti  ia  or  tw«l 
he  greMer.  Bat  wban  one  of 
MUM  chanMlnr  villi  At  other, 
lo  BMifcr,  M  la  caae  of  a  con- 
nuntt  a  ■Memeanor,  aad  the 
■ualMloa  of  the  laiMlMManor  in 
iha  comfiimeff  the  two  crimei 
1  dagnw,  thcf*  «aa  be  ae  legal 
kait  tkm  ^tUkOaa  td  a  right 
a  cMI  aad  criadaal  leawdy,  the 
cm  k  not  OMiMd  ia  aMtbcr. 
I  IU)l«ia  aflfvil  aolioa  to  the 
hm  Ui  «Mnriatl«B,«  or 


the  act  «f  aalnHU^  hOiag  « 
with  pnawndimad  mliet,  bt  a 
id  Biiador  ia  miwiiiina  «f  hb 

I.    Sao  llAnaw,  dbam. 

the  aaiawftil  iawuiactloa  oi 
■a  or  aaaoMa  agkiait  iIm  aathor- 
MMMUidcfai  opce  iwailHMic  of 
poaitioa  to  their  aalkoiMr.  A 
arljr  the  act  of  a— fcmj'^W  by 
fbf  (ovwaiaf  Iha 


■ad  Jtfaaid ;  aad  acta  of  iadi- 
«ia«  ip  a  wiiitaaua  «£-%»  ta- 
id  OMiOMMda  of  oSaM%  an  de- 
.  OScsn  bcglaaiafc'  naiiag, 
iaiag  Mallay  an  fiMly  *t  the 
m  »  pwrialiable  m  om  aavy 
■meaoMat,  or  hoik«  Aad  in 
MaOi  or  aiadt  oft«r 
HtidialMdlAoctJk 
ith«t«AidiM 


Ml  yd. m.    yvt jMi^Jtm, 

»4M.0fMK'ai».    'iMMM^Ch. 

f  Utk ii£i. •*  -iialfclt. M. 
fw.m.  tMa.'-|d|aa,^j»--4m 


I4> 

s 


LAW. 


f.  P.  imTI.*  H.  c«— .  Mil  Hawk,  ft  -■■"■" 
iWa^.C.C.t<i 


tit' 


tCnuHh. 


^_^^  -.-        li,  If : 


••I*  IVsll.  496: 


be  otkerwiie,  that  which  makea  the  conlraiy 
of  is  thiii|  impotilble.  If  man'*  action*  are 
.lttefm)!>.«d  by  cause*  bevond  hi*  conlrol  be 
«cli  hvm  nece*»ity,  and  1*  not  respoMible^ 
nevertheic**,  no  man  can  plead  nec«m*ity  in 
excuie  for  crime. 

NkOHT  Walkers  are  lho«e  who  sleep  by 
day  a>id  walk  by  night  for  sume  unlawful  pur- 
suit.    They  lire  liable  (o  arrest." 

Obscinity.    See  Indecency,  above. 

OWTRUCTSNG  PROCESS  is  any  act  by  which 
«ie  or  more  persons  attempt  to  prevent,  or  do 
E*'""  ihe  due  execution  of  lawful  procesa. 
Thto  is  an  offence  against  public  justice  of  a  very 
high  aad  presumptive  nature:  and  more  partii 
ttUrly  so  where  the  obstruction  U  upon  crimi 
nal  DTOce**;  a  person  opposing  an  arre*t  upon 
cnminai  process  becomes  thereby  an  accessory 
m  felony,  and  a  principal  ia  high  treason^ 
The  officer  must  be  prtvaalid  bf  actual  vio- 
fence,  or  by  cireatened  violoaoc,  accompanied 
by  tlM  exerciso  of  force,  or  bt  those  having 
capa(%  to  employ  it,  by  which  the  officer  U  pre- 
rented  from  executing  his  writ.    The  officer 
11  not  required  to  expose  his  person  by  a  per- 
ional  conflict  with  the  offender.' 
OwnucnONS  TO  highways;  NAVIOATIOIfi 

Strmm;  RAiLWAva;  «rc.    Sao  GsNuut 

STATOm 

OvMiTAcn  are  those  which  am  open  to 
"sw.Mpafent.  unconcealed.  Tha8.aa  over* 
act  of  traaioa  b  dUtinguished  fttrn  a  sw^et 
«««»  «Jn««»t«»  not  carried  into  eftct;  aad 
even  from  words  spoken.  Aa  overt  act  of 
umoa  to  proof  of  the  intention  of  the  traitor, 
becaaaa  it  opens  his  designs  I  witlioat  aa  overt 
act,  treason  cannot  be  comrnkted.* 

PAaixmisaa  act  of  grace  proceedW  ikom 
the  power  iatnisted  with  the  execotionV  the 
Itws  (or  a  body  having  power  therefor)  which 
exempts  an  individual  !ipoa  whom  U  is  be- 
J">w^ 'nw  ihe  puaishment  .the  law  inificts 
for  a  crUae  he  has  committed."  Abaolate 
P"!S?.-rf*  ^*  CT«minaI  uncooditionatly. 
Condhignal  pudoa  freea  tha  criminal  updo 
1 25!!?  ^  !?•  conditions  annexed,  iind 
'l*^™*'  G«»«»»  Pfrdon  oataads  to  all 
oflmte*  ti  tha  aama  Icind;  aad  to  either  ex- 

SS^ff'jSS*  «7*~'  <fa^'»wHoa  to  made 
tkat  att.  flibaden  of  tt  cnrtaic  dwa  shaU  be 

M^«;^H«i.a.i.c...orth.rn«l 

^ffiJr&s-sStilStftttiS: 

Strt-^aad  ia  boards  Mabltohad  b-lasTto 
MnwStMMaooacarnmco  of  oae  of  the  legto- 


J*7 


lative  bodies  b  raqainid. 
in  the  discretion  of 


It  b  lo  be  exercised 

-  the  power  with  whom  it  is 

lodged.     In  order  to  render  iwrdon  valid,  it 
must  express  with  accuracy  the  crime  intended 
to  be  forgiven.*    In  case  of  a  conditional  par- 
don, if  there  be  a  breach  of   condition,  the 
pardon  b  avoided.*    The  effect  of  pardon  b  t<i 
protect  from  punishment  the  criminal  for  the 
offence  pardoned,  but  for  no  other.'    But  par 
don  for  aa  assauk  and  battery  which  afterward* 
becomes  murder  will  not  operate  u  a  pardon 
of  the  murder.'    In  generaJ.  the  effect  of  a 
full  pardon  b  to  restore  the  convict  to  all  his 
rights;  but  lo  this  there  are  some  exceptions. 
I.  It  does  not  restore  civic  capacity.*    a.  It 
does  not  affect  a  sutus  of  other  persons  which 
has  been  altered,  or  a  right  which  has  accrued, 
in  consaqaeace  of  the  commission  of  the  crime 
or  ito  ranbhment.>    When  pardon  b  general, 
either  by  an  act  of  amnesty,  or  by  the  repeal 
or  a  penal  law,  it  b  not  necessary  to  plead  it; 
because  the  court  b  bound,  r«.t«ri;rr^take 
notice  of  it;»  and  the  criminal  ownot  waive 
suchjardoa.  betaaae  by  hb  admittmice  no  one 
on  rive  ^  court  power  to  paaMi  him  when 
It  ju^ldal^  appears  there  to  ao  law  to  do  it. 

"j*.*'fL*^  'r*«'  ••  ■!>««•>.  to  avail  the 
criiaiaal  it  matt  judicially  appear  that  it  haa 
beea  ucepted.  and  for  thb  reason  U  must  be 
epedaUy  pleaded,-  aad  if  he  bm  obtained  • 
pardon  before  amignment,  and  instead  of 
pleading  it  in  bar  he  pleads  tho  general  baae, 
■•"''•"■•a  ««a  taken  to  have  waived  lha 

J?"  ,,**,'.'•  •■"*  ^  "■»«*  afterwards  avaH 
himself  of  it  in  arrest  of  jndgment.' 

All  eoatractt  made  far  bi^  or  proeariag  a 
pardoaffvasonviGtarovaid!^ 

PnuiTia  an  poowtonr  paahhmmts  for 
jbecommbsioBofpoblicoAacaB.  See  Fima. 

ftPJJWiT  b  ti«  act  or  erfana  of  (wiMhIly  aad 
oorrg^)  makii^  a  Use  oath  wkea  bwfully 
f<taUidjlar«l».in  aay  tadidal  prooaadfaig.*  Thi 
intealioii  mast  ba  wiWalj  the  oath  £nat  be 
td«i»  ««d  tha  Msehood  aaaaited  with  delib- 
mtioa  aad  oonsdousnem  of  Hkt  aaluie  of 
the  statomeat  amdo;  for  if  it  haa  arisenin 
«»«q*wo«  St  iaadvenency,  snifatoa  or  mb. 
tAt  of  tha  import  of  the  qantioa.  thea 
thereto  no  eoinqitaieti»e.»  TIm  oadi  mast  be 
fiUse;  the  party  mast  beliwre  that  wiMt  heb 
sweariag  b  false.  The  pmty  mast  lialawft^ 
sworn;  an  oath  dMmfiN*  takaa  by  a  private 
P«*w»,<f  o«fort  an  officer  baviag  ao  jaibdic- 
uon  will  not  amount  to  aerimy.  "Ae  pro- 
ceedmgs  must  U  jadidal;*  aad  paijtt:^  cannot 
sM  Phnpd.  an !  I  Bait.  4*6.  t*  r  .hs  _...-.. 
Sum,.  .j»sV^.  c;.^  4„:  STP'iTjk."^ 
m' ' 

I 

*1 


"3J  iDw.  JI4J  jDc 


S.)6c».  «-5Mo.  ar 
Huoipli.  Sj:  tjoha*, 


iniK«<s*.ftit.«igk 


i 


LAW. 


\>e  committed  whM  tlM  matter  It  not  regulwly 
before  the  court.*  Th«  asMrtion  mtut  be  ab- 
Holuie ;  but  if  a  man  twean  that  he  believe* 
that  to  be  true  which  he  knowt  is  falne,  it  will 
be  perjury,*  and  it  It  immaterial  whether  the 
testimony  it  given  in  aiMwer  to  a  quortion  or 
voluntarily.'  On  a  quettlon  of  eitimation  of 
the  value  of  a  thing  In  queatioa,  there  can  be 
no  perjury,*  unlcaa  in  toma  caaas  a  falne  itate- 
mcnt  of  opinion  may  become  peiiury.k  The  oath 
muit  be  material  to  the  qaeatlon  depending.' 
Perjury  may  b«  committed  by  making  a  faUe 
affirmation  a»  well  a*  a  (aha  oiath,  by  an  atheiit, 
heathen,  Jew,  etc.,  at  well  aa  a  Chriitian. 

Personation  (faltc)  ii  tht  ataumption  of 
the  character  of  anotha;  without  lawful  author- 
ity, for  the  pnrpoae  of  committing  some  act  to 
the  prejudice  of  bim  pertonatea,  without  hit 
consent.  Thia  waa  a  misdemeanor  at  common 
law  and  panishable  aa  snch<l    See  Gkneral 

STATtJTIIS. 

Pktit  iMtcEtrr.  See  Gkand  Lauckny, 
above. 

Petit  Treasoh.  See  Oveet  Act,  above ; 
Treason,  below. 

Piracy  is  the  unlawful  act,  practice,  or 
crime  of  robbery  or  forcible  depredation  on  the 
high  seas;  a  crime  that  answers  to  robbery  ou 
the  land,*  The  penalty  for  thia  oOence  is 
death.'    See  title  Coptrioht,  above. 

PotYOAMY.    See  Bigamy,  above. 

Premsditation.  See  Intbhtion}  Mal- 
ice, ETC.,  above. 

Prerentment.    See  Indictment,  above. 

PRiNaPAL.    See  Accessory,  above. 

PRorANiTY.    See  General  Statijtbs. 

Pro«k:utoii.    See  Aocusatiom,  above. 

pRotTiTunoN.    See  Mouse  OF  Ill-pamb; 

IJtWDNESSi  NiORT- WALKER,  above. 

Provocation  b  tfiat  which  excitea  anger; 
the  cans*  for  reaentmetit.  No  words,  epithets, 
at  vituperation  whatevec  will  justify  an  assault, 
or  asaaolt  and  battery.  Provocation  simply, 
untcocnpanied  bgr  •  crime  or  misdemeanor, 
will  Botnstiiy  aajr  breech  of  the  p.ia«e.  In 
case  of  homicide,  pravooation  ahowa  to  be 
sufficient  ouf  n^ncm  the  offence  from  murder 
to  mandanrtter.  Bat  when  the  pirrocatioii  is 
given  for  the  purpoae  of  justifying  or  excusing 
an  intended  murder,  and  the  party  provoltcd  fi 
killed,  it  b  00  Justifictfian." 

PtnntHHBrr  Is  sooie  fine,  forfeiture,  or  pen- 
alty prescribed  or  wunmted  bv  law,  inflicted 
upon  and  suAnvd  by  a  person  lor  the  commis- 
sion of  •  publie  offence,  or  for  llie  omhsimi  of 
some  duty  or  fwt  rmjuired  hy  law,  lawfully  im- 
posed by  a  oonpetent  judidal  tribunal.    The 

«-4  HawlM.  tit:  •  Hayw-  S^i  X^!P*^ji-J 
Mt;   tojobat.  li^!  i«M«.j3S  t^^tAlni  sB.  ft 


rMat*.}   r8>d.ii6LiTU»l. 


3  MMpk.  aas  :_4  Hfo.  47 


Mtaa.  tMi  3  Misph-  "3^4 1—  - 
t4|i  •Fna.St.ift;  tCaribti*. 


«V 


J- 


:_6a]>cK 
,11.  Cr. 


■  lU..tD:  oJli«*. 


object  of  punithment  it  two-fold  i  to  rtfnrn 
the  offender.  an<l  dtter  him  and  other*  rrimi 
committing  like  offences;  and  to  protect  mi 
ciely.* 

Punishment*  may  he  owporal  or  otherwise : 
corpiiral  by  death,  whipping,  imprtsonmcnt,  nr 
banishment,  etc.;  othcrwi«e  by  nne,  forfeiture, 
or  other  deprivation  or  penalty  impoaed  upon 
the  goo<i*  01  the  ofT'nder,  etc. 

PuTTiNQ  IN  Ji%.  See  PiRACT,  r,bovei 
Robbery,  below. 

8t;ARREL.  Sec  Appray  ;  DUELLINO,  above. 
APE  i*  the  carnal  knowledge  of  a  woman 
by  a  man,  forcibly  and  against  her  m\U,  The 
knowledge  of  a  woman'*  peraon  must  ni  forcibly 
and  again:)t  her  will;  and  If  her  consent  htii 
not  been  voluntarily  and  freely  given,  tbe  oAmce 
I*  complete ;  nor  will  any  subaequent  aequlei- 
cence  on  h«r  part  do  away  with  the  guilt  of  the 
raviaher.  A  content  obtained  llram  a  woman 
by  actual  violence,  by  confinement,  or  threau 
of  murder,  or  by  the  administration  of  ttupefv- 
ing  drugs,  it  not  tuch  a  consent  as  will  tnleld 
the  offender,  or  turn  his  crime  into  adultery  ot 
fornication  {  and  If  the  connection  took  place 
when  she  was  in  a  state  of  insenlibiUty  from 
liquor,  having  been  made  drunk  by  the  prisoner, 
though  the  liquor  wu  given  only  for  the  pur- 
pose of  exciting  her,  it  '<s  a  rape.*  Having  car- 
nal knowledge  with  a  woman  1^  a  ftaud  which 
induces  her  to  suj^Mse  it  is  her  buabaad  does 
not  amount  to  rape  )Jf  but  the  party  may  be  hi- 
dieted  for  assault.  A  husband  cannot  be  guilly 
of  a  rape  on  the  wife,  lor  hi*  act  ia  not  tmlaw- 
fttl  t  but  he  may  be  a  principal  in  the  second 
degree  of  a  rape  eoramittea  on  bta  wifo,  ai 
where  he  held  her  while  hia  servant  ooinaittetl 
the  nipe.<  As  a  child  under  ten  yenn  of  age 
is  incapable,  at  law,  of  giving  ber  ooaseat,  it 
follows  that  the  offence  may  be  ccwltled  on 
aucb  child  whether  she  consenu  or  not 

A  male  infant  under  fourteen  years  of  age  it 
siipposed  bv  law  incapable  of  eomnitting  the 
offence.'  But  not  only  can  an  InliiiM  nnder 
fourteen  years,  if  of  sufficient  mischievoii*  dis- 
cretion, but  even  a  woman  may  bo  guilty  u 
principal  in  the  tecond  degree. 

Above  the  age  of  fourteeii  veais  n  BMli  it 
always  prcsumM  cipable  of  this  offenen. 

Penetration  alone,  without  emisitoB,  ia  suffi- 
cient.* 

Reprirvs  is  a  withdrawn!  of  Mntenet  for 
aa  interval  of  time,  and  oMntta  in  Mwr  of 
exeeution.*  It  is  grrtnted  by  the  Ivror  «t  the 
pardoning  power.  They  an  gnatnd  Arm  a 
necessity  of  law(  for  exuaple,  when  •  woman 
is  convicted  of  «  capital  oCnoe,  after  Jwignent 

loiei  *RaH.Cr,4t9<     fc-J  Whtal.  fcaj 
»*IJ  jWaSrCCeoji  tTle«»0~ 

(LeA)  »*    ■4je  4.Bfcanw^C9B^  »! 


M.1 


4'S>    4i>  Hsigrava  Si.  Tr.  sM.    It*  Ha 
S  C.  ftT.  jTjt.    tt-AddU,  I4JJ  a  Caaat  jji 


Med.  Jur,  140] 


JtsigravaSl 

tt-Addis,  I4J1  a  CI       „  . 
4  Cbttty  Bt.  Ceoui.  ai|,  a.  t. 


^Ml^ 


mmm 


•hmcnl  ii  two-fold  i  to  rafnnn 
mfl  deter  him  knd  other*  front 
e  offmcMi  aiu!  to  protect  vj 

I  may  Ke  o>rpond  or  otherwinc : 
tth,  whipping,  imprtionmcni,  nr 
c;  oihcrwiie  hjr  nne,  forfeilurr, 
v»liitn  or  penalty  IrapoMHl  upon 
le  otT'ndefi  etc. 
I      JtR.    S««  PiKilCT,    r.bo*«  i 

iW. 

i««  ArrtAYi  DutLLiNO,  above. 

carnal  knowledgt  of  m  woman 
ibiy  and  against  htr  w^l.    The 

woman'*  ponon  mutt  N  forcibly 
it  Willi  and  if  her  conMnt  htx 
arily  and  fratly  giv«ii,  tki  oAbncc 
lor  will  any  MMtqiimt  aoquiet- 
art  do  away  with  taa  goUl  of  the 
onsent  ohtainad  firam  a  woman 
mce,  by  conAnemtnl,  or  thnal* 
by  Iht  adminbtntioa  of  ttnwfv- 
ot  auch  a  oomwnt  at  will  •oleld 
r  turn  hia  crima  Into  advltarv  or 
id  if  th«  connection  took  place 

in  a  Mate  of  inMtitibiUtT  from 
been  made  drunk  by  lh«  praoner, 
uor  was  given  only  for  Um  par- 
g  her,  it  is  a  rape,*    Havteg  car- 

with  ft  woman  bf  a  frand  which 

luppoae  it  ia  her  huabaad  dora 
rapeif  bat  the  party  nay  ba  tii- 
alt.  A  hatband  caaaotDtfHllly 
M  wife,  for  hi*  act  to  not  tmlaw- 
ay  bt  a  principal  in  tht  bbcoimI 
ipe  committM  on  hto  wifc,  at 
ner  whilo  hit  servant  oonmitte)! 
I  a  child  under  ttn  yaan  of  age 
t  law,  of  giving  Imt  cowNat,  U 
B  offence  may  be  ooauaittad  on 
ither  ih«  conienu  or  Mt 
nt  under  foartaen  yaan  of  agt  ii 
kw  ineanabit  of  eoamiltinf  the 

not  only  can  an  iniiiM  nnder 
,  if  of  lamdent  miachlrroot  dii- 
ren  a  woman  may  bo  guilty  at 
•  tocond  degree. 
ige  of  feartetu  tmi«  a  OMk  b 
«d  cupablo  of  thli  offiBMC 
alooa,  without  amiiakaB,  to  Mffi- 


•  a  wlthdnwal  of  swlaiMt  for 
time,  and  optntta  te  4d«r  of 
t  it  grnntod  bf  tlM  Araor  or  the 
ret.  They  an  graatad  fkon  a 
wt  for  exanpiti  wkm  a  woman 
'  a  capital  oflmot,  aftar  JwigmcBi 


Ch. .,. 

3t1l  »C.iF. 


„,  k-iWhaaktwi  s  ld.is). 
,  aof  t  I  K«M  Cawai.  its,  JR-Uwi 
ti.4.|tie^p.n«^  ■MOafantT. 
I  4  HktiMr.M.  Ceawn.  ti  RuHmt- 
Lit.  •>* DwiaCr. Cia.lBi  iC. 
w.  ft  R.  4lfj  •  Con  Cr.Cia.  4>* 


n  I  C.  _ . 
iv*  Si.  Tr.  sM.    - 

n-Addh,  I4J1  a  O „  . 

I  Chiuy  n.  OeaHa.  ai|,  a.  t. 


i^^rCM.1 

•  Gm&.Q».  4>* 

a  Coaat.  %$»  j  i  B*«i. 


LAW. 


So» 


khe  may  allege  pregnancy,  in  delay  of  e«ecu- 
linn."  The  court  I*  alto  bound  to  xrant  a  re- 
prieve when  the  i>i  iioner  become*  iniwine.' 

RBQUMITION.  See  t'UOITIVE  PaOM  Jt»TICK. 

above.  m 

ftmiMAND  i«   cenaur..   pronounced  I7  a 
public  officer  againit  an  offender.    Thi*  tpecics 
of  poniahment  i»  u*ed  by  legi*lative  aaaemblicii  to 
pnnith  members  or  others  guilty  of  impropriety 
of  conduct  toward  them  or  Ihe^reaiding  officer. 
It  ia  usually  delivered  by  the  Speaker. 
RxactJi.    See  Akerst,  Eicapk,  above. 
Rnnrt.    See  Rbpkibvb,  above. 
Riots  are  acts  done  in  a  violent  and  tumultu- 
ous manner,  by  three  or  more  persona,  to  the 
terror  of  the  people,  whether  the  act  intended 
wu  Uwful  or  unlawful."     A  Hot  cannot  be 
committed  by  fewer  than  three  person*;*  a 
iudgment  aninst  one  penon  for  a  riot  would 
be  void.»     It  must  be  proved  1    I.  That  there 
was  an  unlawful  assembling,*  or  a  lawfiil  assem- 
bly converted  into  a  riot.*    a.  That  there  was 
sctufti  violence  and  force  on  the  part  of  the 
riolert,  or  such  a  tendency  to  force  and  violence 
u  to  strike  terror  to  tb«  public  mind.*    3, 
That  tk«  defendants  acted  in  the  riot,  and  were 
paiticipanta  in  the  disturbance.* 

Ronnv  is  the  forcible  and  felooioos  takini;, 
from  the  person  of  another,  goods,  money,  pcr- 
lonal  properhr  or  anr  article  of  value,  by  vio- 
lence or  patting  in  iear.'  The  property  must 
be  taken  oy  force  or  patting  in  fear,*  and  fear 
mutt  be  indnced  from  uiprehension  of  danger.' 
The  knoeking  down  of  a  man  {  the  snatching 
U  an  ear-rii>g  turn  the  car  ;•  palling  out  a 
watch  from  a  fob,  by  the  chain,*  are  examples 
of  violence ;  hot  snatching  property  firom  a 
perton  anawaret  will  not  be  robbery  anlest 
aome  injwy  to  done  to  the  person.'  Piesrating 
a  ptolol  end  demanding  money  {>  threatening 
to  take  and  kill  anotksr  child  t'  to  destroy 
one's  hoase  s>  on  examplet  of  patting  in  fear. 

Obteining  money  by  Use  pretences,  mtorep- 
icscatatkm  or  firand,  anaceompaaied  by  vio- 
lence or  patting  ia  fear,  to  not  robbery. 

If  the  propeity  to  once  taken  it  will  be  no 
defcaoe  thfit  the  robber  delivered  it  back  to 
the  owner." 

If  a  maa  mier  aa  imprettion  that  the  prop- 
erty to  lUs  own  obtain  it  by  threats,  tt  to  merely 
irmaM  and  not  robbery.* 

Root  to  a  cbaMreos  and  tnmahnant  aaacm- 
bly.  It  to  a  dtotariiance  of  the  peace  Iw  per- 
•ons  ssssaiUsJ  to  d«a  tUng  which,  if  execat^, 
wo«M  bavt  BMKie  them  ifotert.    It  generally 

I1.Cr.»!._t,ai.  i,|4;   i^Ugy 


•-•je  Co.  |d  last.  IT :  i  Rate  PI,  &. 


t.;Mfi?i 


14*.  ik  ncSuB.  asirviudw.  q. 


L'!ii^  rtl^T*-  'SS:"*'  w*    t"  ^^ 


agrees  In  all  particulars  with  a  riot,  except 
only  in  this — that  it  may  be  a  complete  offence 
without  the  execution  of  the  intended  purpoae.* 
SuBOKNATioN  Of  I'XKjvuY  is  the  offence  of 
procuring  another  to  commit  legal  perjury, 
who,  in  consequence  of  the  penuaaion,  takes 
the  oath  to  which  he  hat  been  incited.*  To 
complete  the  offence  the  false  oath  mutt  be 
actually  taken,  and  no  abortive  attempt  to 
solicit  will  complete  the  crime.*  But  the 
criminal  solicitation  fo  commit  perjury,  though 
unsuccessful,  is  a  misdemeanor  at  common  law.' 
Surrender  or  Criminal.  See  Ftramvi 
PROM  Justice,  above. 

Swear.  See  Perjury  ;  Subornation  op 
Perjury,  above. 

SwiNDLKR.  See  Fa  UK  PamNCESt 
Fraud,  etc.,  above. 

Smuggling  to  the  unlawful  and  fraudulent 
Uking  into  a  countrv  or  out  of  it  any  aiticlet 
of  merchandise  prohibited  by  law,  or  to  avoid 
the  payment  of  Jui^lcs  up^n  the  some. 

Sodomy  is  a  camaJ  copulation  by  huauui 
beings  with  each  other  ac  unst  nature,  or  with 
a  beast.*    It  may  be  coiuuiiited  between  two 
persons,  both  of  whom  consent,  even  between 
husband  and  wife  ;•  and  both  may  be  indicted.* 
Penetration  of  the  mouth  is  not  sodomy.* 
Stealing.    See  Larceny,  above. 
Seconds.    See  Dveluno,  above. 
Srlp-Dipencb  to  the  act  of  defending  one's 
penon  and  imwerty  from  injury. 

A  man  may  oefend  himself  and  even  com- 
mit a  homicide  for  the  prevention  of  any  forci- 
ble and  atrociooa  crime,  which,  if  completed, 
would  amount  to  a  felony,'  and,  of  course, 
under  like  circumatances,  mayhem,  wounding 
and  battery  would  be  excusable  at  common 
law.s  A  man  may  repel  force  by  force  in 
defence  of  his  person,  propeity,  or  habita- 
tion against  any  one  who  manifests,  intends, 
attempts,  orendeavon,  by  .iolence  or  surfwise, 
to  commit  a  forcible  felony,  such  as  murder, 
rape,  robbery,  arson,  burglory,  and  tbe  like. 
In  these  catet  he  u  not  required  to  retreat, 
but  be  may  resist,  and  even  pursue  hto  adver- 
sary, until  he  hat  tecurt!  hioMMlf  liroia  all 
danger.r 

A  man  may  defend  Ihiniself  when  ao  felony 
hat  been  threatened  or  attempted  t  1.  When 
the  Stsailant  attempts  to  beat  another,  and 
there  to  no  mutual  vombat;  at  where  one 
meets  another  and  attCAipts  to  commit  or  does 
commit  an  asMult  and  haitery  on  him,  the 
person  attacked  may  defend  himself}*  and  in 

♦J-  feSEL'*" '  ^""  ^hi  **"'  '*'  'A.  t):  Com. 
t*|.  FordUa  ftmnr.  «tc    fD.  9).     s-Hawk.  PI.  Cr. 

4*4:  *  C. »  K.  Wto.    T-RiH*rk  R.  Cr.  Css.  331.    As 
w.amiislin,  smj*  Co.  jS  :  i  Vo.  Cos.  |of .    wTit  Ala 


tof.    a-HawC 


:r.Ch.as.|i4:   iRuH.Cr.  ajj 


ft  P,  }i ;  9  Id.  474;  *••  n  Irsd.  114. 


m 


'■mii 


!•• 


LAW. 


ciM  of  an  oiler  or  attampt  to  tirika  anoUiar, 
whan  luffidantlv  near,  lo  that  that*  U  danger, 
lh«  paison  aiaailed  may  »lrike  first,  and  i*  not 
rcQulrad  to  wait  until  he  ha*  been  itruck.*  s. 
Wnen  there  U  a  mutual  combat  upon  a  luddcn 
qaaml.  In  thcM  catct  both  parties  are  ag- 
gratiorai  and  if  in  tite  fight  one  it  killed,  it 
will  be  manslaughter  at  least,  unless  the  sur- 
vivor can  prove  two  things,  vit.,  that  before 
the  mortal  stroke  was  given,  he  had  refused 
any  further  combat,  and  had  retreated  as  far  as 
he  could  with  safety,*  and  that  he  killed  his 
adversary  from  necessity,  to  avoid  his  own 
destruction.* 

A  oiaa  may  defend  himself  against  animals, 
and  b«  may,  daring  tho  attack,  kill  tb«m,  but 
not  afUrwanls.* 

Taking.    See  Auault,  above. 

Tbmlur.  Sea  Arnuvi  Riot(  Rout, 
above. 

Thoiwht.    See  Intkntiom  i  Maucs. 

Tkeason  is  the  actual  levying  war  against 
the  United  States ;  adhering  to  Uicir  enemies 
and  giving  thfin  nid  and  comfort.  la  England 
high  treaaoB  affiscts  th«  sovereign  or  state,  inch 
as  offences  above  enumenUed.  Petit  treason 
affects  only  individuals,  at  breach  of  fidelity. 
Treason  is  the  highest  crime  of  a  dvU  nalnre 
of  which  a  man  can  be  guilty.  It  is  pvtklMblt 
by  death  or  imprisonment  at  hard  labor,  not 
less  than  five  years,  and  fine  not  leia  thaa  ten 
thousand  dollars,  and  dfaaualllkatioa  forany 
office  under  the  United  States.*  No  pmon 
can  be  convicted  of  treaaon  nnlev  on  the  testi- 
mony of  two  witneaaea  to  the  aaoM  overt  act, 
or  on  con^'esaion  In  open  court. 

Trupau.  See  MAuaous  and  Mochibv- 
ous  Tkupah,  above. 

Unlawful  Assembly  is  a  diatwfauicc  of 
the  public  peace  by  three  or  iMra  penona,  who 
meet  together  with  an  intent  mutually  to  aariat 
each  other  In  soum  unlawful  entcipriM  of  a 
private  nature  with  farce  and  violeBM.  If  they 
move  forward  towards  te  eaacutioa  it  is  then  a 
rout;  if  they  actually  execule  their  d«ign  it 
amounts  to  a  riot.' 

VAOkANi*  are  described  aa  folhmrs  t 

1.  "Ail  persons  who  ttnla«#';/  letnm  into 
uiy  district  whence  thejr  have  bam  legally  re- 
moved! without  bringing  m  certificate  mm  the 
pn^per  authoritiea  of  the  dly  or  dlMrict  to 
wh^ch  they  belong,  statiag  that  thiqr  have  a 
settlement  therein?' 

2.  "AU  persons  who  refuse  to  neifarm  the 
work  which  shall  be  allotted  to  thon  bjr  the 
oversceis  of  the  poor,  aa  provided  by  law." 

^B.  N.  V.  IS;  .  KoH.  AW.  «..  M  K.  V^s  4 
T)*v.  ftB.491:  isGa.117;  iyM.4(s;  ilmUtmi 
10  Id.  S14:  idkkt  St.  Mi  I  HaW  SnswagtCPs 

•  R.  Hoe.  4» ;  i<  in,  ty.  d-t  C.  *  F.  ia< :  So  JeUM, 
j«i : ., M. IS.   e-Uw*  1^8.  tM>.  VeL .t. »/Si 


3.  "All  persons  going  about  hoti.  door  In 
door,  or  placing  themselves  in  streets,  high- 
wavs,  or  other  roads,  to  beg  or  gather  alms, 
ana  all  persons  wandering  abroad  and  begging, 
who  have  no  fixeiL  place  of  residence  In  the 
township,  ward,  or  district  in  which  the  vagrant 
is  arrested." 

4.  "All  persons  who  shall  come  ftan  any 
place  without  the  State  or  Commonwealth  to 
any  pUce  within  it  and  shall  be  found  loitering 
or  residing  therein,  and  who  follow  no  labor, 
trade,  occupation,  or  business,  and  have  not 
visible  means  of  subsistence,  and  con  give  no 
reasonable  account  of  themselves  or  tk«r  busi- 
neae  in  such  place." 

The  punishment  for  this  offence  is  labor  upon 
the  poor  farm,  upon  the  roads  or  highways,  or 
connneaeat  in  the  common  jail,  work-house, 
house  of  correction,  or  poor-bouse  for  a  term 
of  (Wm  tm  days  to  sia  months.  See  Gsnual 
STATtrrm 

DOMICIL— LAW  OF. 

DoMiaL  is  that  place  where  a  nan  has  bis 
true,  fiaad,  and  perasanent  home  and  principal 
esuMishaent,  and  to  which,  whenever  he  is 
absent,  he  has  the  iatentloa  of  returning.' 

The  law  of  the  place  of  dcaidl  goverrn  as 
to  all  acts  of  the  partica  when  not  controlled 
by  the  kw  of  the  place  where  the  contract  was 
made  or  law  of  Om  place  where  the  thing  is 
situated.  Faitonal  neperty  of  the  womwi  Tol- 
lowathelawofdoa^dlupmeMfldme.  A  di- 
vorce valid  under  the  Uw  of  donidl  of  both 
pertiaa  k  good  everywhere.'  Bat  there  aiast 
be  m  actaal  doasidl  of  one  party  at  leest«i  and 
peraotial  JariidictioB  over  both  parties  to  ouke 
a  divorce  biadiBg  eatn  tenitorinlly.* 

The  rtate  and  conditim  of  the  peiaoa,  ac- 
ootdiiw  to  the  law  of  hU  doatidl.  wUl  gen- 
erally, thonrii  not  aalveiaally,  be  regarded  in 
other  coaaMea  as  to  acta  done,  righto  acquired, 
or  coatiacto  aiade  in  the  place  of  his  aative 
dooieU;  bat  aa  to  arts,  rights,  md .  coatracU 
done,  aoqaired  or  made  out  of  his  aallve  dcosi- 
dl,  the  law  of  place  will  geaerallv  govern  in 
reepect  to  hie  capacity  and  condition.'  If  a 
penon  foaa  into  a  farcin  couiury  and  eufages 
In  trade  there,  he  is,  by  the  Uw  of  nadoas,  to 
be  cofiiilwed  a  mtirchut  of  that  coaatry,  aad 
subject  for  all  dvil  purpoaes,  whether  that 
coubT  be  hostile  or  neutral,*  and  this  ntelher 
the  ewet  be  to  render  him  hostile  or  naabal  in 
ramd  to  his  AMM/eSr  trade.* 

The  diapotitian  of.  saccoaica  to,  or  dtatriba- 
tim  of  the  penoaal  pmfierty  of  a  decedam^ 
wherever  aitatied,  la  to  be  nade  in  accofdaace 


1}  i4.  III 


rMaa  OkM*;  f  pfm,  liiV  • 

■40.    ■^KaMCSsaun.  jm:  M* 

S  •  *  4J*  *••  'M J  J  Cnteb.  Adai.  m  4  ft.  toy. . 

s»-igiM(;snMB,|»t»».»g.ii»i«Citab.Adm.s4» 


_45r-  •»••%♦ 
.ill  I  sea  a  lit. 

/.    aMT.K. 

i  4  M.  *gli 


mom  going  kboiit  frciiu  «loor  to 
cing  ihemMlvM  in  ttrMti,  high- 
er imd*.  to  b«g  or  gmthar  •Inu, 
M  wandering  aibroad  and  bagging, 
I  fixeiL  place  of  mid«nc«  m  tlie 
rd,  or  dUtrict  in  wbicb  tha  vagrant 

»nonii  who  thall  coma  fhm  aay 
I  th«  State  or  Commonwaallh  to 
hin  it  and  shall  be  found  loitering 
herein,  and  who  follow  no  latwr, 
aion,  or  butiiietw,  and  have  no 
I  of  lubaiotence,  and  can  give  no 
icottiit  of  Ihemiielvea  or  Ihcur  bmi- 
place." 

iment  for  this  o(fcnc«  it  labor  upon 
I,  upon  the  road*  or  highwajrt,  or 
In  the  common  jail,  work-home, 
rection,  or  poor-bouae  for  a  term 
lays  to  aix  moiatba.  SmGinual 

L— uiw  or. 

I  that  place  where  a  nan  haa  bii 
id  penaaMnl  home  and  principal 
;  and  to  wUch,  whenever  be  it 
■  the  intention  of  returning.' 
f  th«  place  of  domicil  governs  m 
t  tka  paitict  when  not  omtrollcd 

the  plaoe  what*  the  contract  waa 
'  of  Om  pUce  when  Iha  tbinf  ii 
iMoal  proMrtjr  of  thn  wflnmn  lot- 
of  doatiidl  apoo  wmrriaga.  A  di- 
Oder  tbe  law  of  doMMil  of  both 
id  avBTTwhan.^  Bnl  thara  aait 
lomicU  of  one  party  at  lenit^  and 
idictfcNi  ovar  bntb  pvtiea  to  make 
dine  extra  tantoorially.* 
and  condition  of  Um  pacMn,  ac- 
w  Uw  of  his  domicU,  wUl  nan- 
I  not  nnivenaUjr,  b*  regardad  in 
N  as  to  acts  dona,  rifhls  ac(|iiirad, 
isada  in  tba  plac*  of  his  native 

as  to  acts, r^kts,  and, oootracu 
d  or  OMde  out  of  his  native  domi- 
i  plac*  will  Mnerallv  govcn  in 
I  capacity  and  condition.>  If  a 
ilo  a  farcliB  Govntiry  and  angages 
I,  h*  is,  bjr  the  law  of  nationa,  to 
1  a  marcfauit  of  that  coutiy,  and 
lU  dvil  purposes,  whether  ihtf 
stil*  or  neutral,"  and  this  wfaaiber 
o  render  him  hcatil«orB*«lnliB 
tMim  jUt  trade.* 
itioa  of,  snccctaion  to,or  distribu> 
•nonal  property  of  a  dacodang 
itad,  to  to  be  made  in  aecoidance 


••f  i  •  N. 


»•» :  J  W, 
«A;Cr.  Co..  «j7:  aLVkf  J  ^S. 
mm.  tfttis  14.  ni :  ij  Wand. jo;. 
Wjw*-  >«• .  r  ttwa,  ill  i  Mia  Ma. 
i»3 J  i CTKak, ^  iii  4*^  wM.  i 

h  M«i  I  ^  C.  CTlS.  ■  OMKlb  U. 


LAW. 


Sll 


u,  the  law  of  his  actual  domicil  at  the  time  of 
hi»  death  t*  the  principle  appliet  equally  to 
coMS  of  voluntary  tranifer,  of  intetlacy,  and 
of  taaiaments.' 

Wills  are  to  be  governed  by  the  law  of  the 
<lomicll  at  to  the  capacity  of  the  partin.t  and 
u  to  their  validity  and  effect  in  relation  to  the 
(rantfer  of  |>erv>nal  property,'  but  by  the  law 
of  the  place  where  the  thing  it  tituated  at  to 
the  trantfer  of  real  property.'  The  formt  and 
wlemnitiea  of  the  place  of  domicil  mutt  be  ob- 
•erved.*  The  local  law  It  to  determine  the 
character  of  property."  The  interpretation  of 
a  will  it  to  be  according  to  the  lav  of  the  place 
of  actual  domicil.*  The  tnccettion  to  the  per- 
tonal  property  of  an  intestate  it  governed  ex- 
clutively  by  the  law  of  hit  actual  domicil  at 
ihc  time  of  hit  death."  Thii  includet  the 
aacertainmenl  of  the  perton  who  it  to  be  their 
heir.«  The  qucttion  as  to  whether  dcbtt  are  to 
he  paid  by  tb*  adminlttralor  from  the  pcrtonalty 
or  realty  is  to  be  decided  by  the  law  of  hit 
domicil.' 

An  atsignment  of  property  for  the  benefit  of 
crediton.  valid  by  the  law  of  the  domlril,  it 
iienenlly  recognised  aa  valid  everywhere,'  in 
the  absence  of  a  positive  tutute  to  the  con- 
trary j«  bat  not  to  tk*  injury  of  citisent  of  the 
foreign  state  in  which  propertv  k  situated.' 
But  a  corapulaofy  assignment  by  force  of  ttatute 
it  not  of  estra  territonal  operation.*    Diitribu- 
lion  of  the  effects  of  insolvent  or  bankrupt 
(iebtois  is  to  be  made  according  to  the  law  of 
the  domicil,  subject  to  the  tame  qualificati*.   i.< 
EX  POST  PACTQ  LAW. 
Exfntfiuta  is,  after  the  act.    An  tx  tost 
fatttltm  is  a  ttatute  which  would  render  an 
act  punishabi*  in  a  manner  in  which  it  wu  not 
punishabi*  wh«t  it  was  committed.*    A  law 
made  to  punish  acts  committed  before   the 
ekistence  of  such  law,  and  which  had  not 
been  declared  crimes  by  preceding  Uwt.'    By 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  Stales  Congieu 
It  forbidden  to  para  m  /«tf  jhtio  Uws.s    And 
by  Section  X.,  Subdiv.  i,  eJ  the  same  inttru- 
menl,  as  well  ss  by  our  own  constitution,  a 
•imilar  restriction  is  placed  upon  tbe  State 

,•*  •^^.J>»!'-  4*9!  ,»  Slai._Ch.  jio;    s  SnwyC 


sij:  I  Maa.'c;  C.  iIj ,. „,  „  , 

!*?-!!». '■''•7*g*.n. 374.    Swcktnv'coarid^rrfM 

Ecd.  fii  II  N.  H 
4«j.   n-i  MMT.  tn 
0%.»»t  4¥t.i 


legitlalure.    Such  law  it  void  at  to  those  catet 
In  which,  if  given  eCect,  it  would  be  tji  pott 
fatio;  but  to  far  only.    In  catet  arising  under 
it.  It  ma;r  have  effect;  for  at  a  rule  for  the 
future  it  It  not  tx  f*tt  fatto     There  it  a  dii- 
tinction  between  tx  fMt  fatto  lawt  and  rtlrt- 
tftctivt  lawt ;    every  «  fott  fatIo  law  mutt 
necetiarily  be  retro«pective,  i>ut  every  retro 
tpective  law  it  not  tx  pott  ftttto  law  >  the  for. 
mer  only   are  prohibited.     It  it  fully  tettlel 
that  the  term  tx  post  fatto,  a<«  iited  In  the  Coi.. 
ititution,  it  to  be  taken  in  a  limited  tente,  ai 
referring  to  criminal  or  penal  ttatutet  alone, 
and  that  the  policy,  the  reason,  and  the  hu- 
niiinity  of  the  urohibition  a^aintt  patting  t.t 
poit  fatto  lawt  do  not  extend  to  civil  catet,  to 
cotet  that  merely  affect  the  private  property  of 
cititent.    Some  o.'  the  most  necettary  acta  of 
legitlation  are,  on  the  contrary,  founded  upoii 
the  principlet  that  private  rights  mutt  yield  to 
public  exigenciet.' 

Lawt  under  the  following  drcumtUnces  are 
to  be  contidered  rjr  fott  fatto  laws  within  the 
wordt  and  intent  of  the  prohibition  i 

I.  Every  law  that  makes  an  act  done  before 
the  pasting  of  the  law,  and  which  was  inno- 
cent  when  done,  criminal,  and  punishes  tuch 
action. 

a.  Every  law  that  aggravates  a  crime,  or  makes 
It  greater  than  it  was  when  it  was  committed. 

3.  Every  law  that  changes  the  punithmcnt, 
and  inflicu  a  greater  punithment  than  the  law 
annexed  to  the  crime  when  committed  { thouKh 
it  would  be  otherwita  of  a  law  mitigating  the 
punithment.* 

4.  Every  law  that  altera  th*  legal  rules  of 
evidence,  and  recdves  less  or  different  tesii- 
mony  than  the  law  required  at  the  time  of  the 
commission  of  the  offence,  in  ordc  So  convict 
the  offender;  though  it  might  be  otherwise  of 
a  law  meraly  motfifying  the  itmedyor  mode 
of  procedure^ 

The  right  to  pass  retrospective  laws,  with 
th*  exceptions  above  mentioned,  become  obli- 
mtory,  unless  prohibited  by  the  constitution  of 
the  .State.'    And  laws  should  never  be  contid- 


xSlory  Coofl.  L.  1 481  j  .  V«.  Ch.  3, ;  .  Has..  Ecd. 

Ch««c.  Piw!.„,j  5  V«.'ft  B.  Cli.^rlii*  .  IC«n. 

T.  R.  183 ; 
'   J<.t96- 

^...„,  ioo;  6 

•■5  1^1.  131 ;  17 


^  »"•  UV??^^-  WJ  J  Curt, 
pj  i  kMir.  JM-  ta  tt«.  jBj;   I 


i  toe  l^x  . .. 
mtt  I  Sim 


tag:* 

t|9:  4  Hag(. 


m;  4/«lM*.  Ch.  iSn  I  Mot.  C.  C  4>«i  if  N.  a. 


•"A-     ■^J'*"»Ch«».»H.  Bl.  40«;4f.  1 

MM  e  Pkk.  «..    a^^inck.  m  i  14  Mantn.  M, 
BIno,  353;  o__  r> — a    •    •    _  '  ..      _•"> 

Murt.  jolt; 

sN.  in; 

•  ^  «  JPJ-J?'«  4«J.  ••  /  »*•  CoHVucr  o 

•  f^  ^•'^y  *3f:  »  lM«»  Co«m.  4!i«. 
^  iSi-  ^•?«:-"?i  'A  ^-  •»;  5l?«t, 


.17!  4  !«*:  iiss; wiB'i;.  c.  c  ;',V:  »lSd!ir  i 

f-V.  S^CoMt.  Art.  1/1  a.  I1.3  Ddl.  SK:  S  « 
%:  irHow. 4(3;  «c«i?h. I7;  •  pS  61  lUd 
tM  I  baoch.  tog;  9  Id.  374J  1  Oall.  C, 


zSl'.lhSSI'  '  '«»nr  Const,  ait;  SemaM  Cowt.  U 
jrf;  tPlck.  its;  ii  Id.  ••:  9 Matt. 3637 •Root. 3<o: 


•»• 


LAW. 


flaraign 


•tmI  h  ^iplytiigto  CMM  vMch  mom  pfwtowly 
lo  ikalT  pMMM.  "nlMi  Iha  ItfMatum   have 
•iMurly  4MlMf4  (Mh  In  b*  ihalr  IMCMlioii.* 
PORBION  LAW. 

FoftMON  LAW!  art  iIm  Uw*  of  •  fordgn 
cotiniry  ,•  Not  iIm  laws  of  tka  dliwml  8<aiM 
of  this  (ouirtrf. 
Tha  cc^ttt  do  MM  jttdldalljr  taka  nnlica  of 
)aw«(  and  Ibay  maal.  iharafora,  ha 
fa«it«.*  Tha  maniMr  of  proof  varia* 
•ccofdtnf  lo  vtrcaiMlaiMaa.  Aa  a  caitaral  rule, 
Um  baal  taaltnwMy  m  proof  ia  raqu&td )  for  no 
proof  will  ba  racalvad  which  |Mraaitppmea  balUr 
taaltRHNMr  Mlaia«l>la  bf  Iha  party  who  ollar*  ii. 
Whaa  the  baM  l^MimoiiT  cannot  ba  oblainad, 
aacondaiy  avkkaM  will  ba  rccaivad  • 

EaaaipMIM  of  awoni  copiaa  of  wriilan  law* 
Mid  Mhar  pablia  docamanta  niaat,  aa  a  ganaral 
Mng,  ba  prodMad,  whan  tkay  can  ba  prwartd ) 
bat  aboald  Ibajr  ba  rafWwd  bf  Iha  comiwlcnt 
aulhoritiaa,  than  infarior  proof  may  ba  adtntltad  .* 
Whara  ow  own  govamatcnl  hi  a  promalgalad  * 
Ibraiga  law  or  onHnanoa  of  a  pablic  naliira  •« 
aalhantie.  that  la  hald  auflciant  avidcnca  of  <> 
esbeasc*.*  Wbea  feraign  law*  eaviwn  )- 
prorad  by  aoMa  Bwda  which  Iha  law  raapr^  i« 
aa  balng  of  aqval  anAarttr  M  aa  oath,  thay  mtut 
ba  varikad  by  tha  aanction  of  an  oath.  Tha 
uraal  modaa  of  aathaaticating  than  ara  by  an 
axamplillcatlan  andar  (ha  graat  aaal  of  tha 
Stata,  or  by  a  aopr  pivfad  by  aath  to  ba  a  tma 
copy,  «r  by  a  caftMeaia  of  an  oAaar  aathorir ed 
by  law.  which  ttaat  Ititlf  ha  daly  aathaaH- 
catad.«  Foratga  aawrtttan  lawa,  eaatoma,  and 
uMgca  nay  ba  provad,  and  ara  ordiaarilv 
proved,  by  paiol  avldaaaai  and  whan  aach 
cvidanaa  k  oljaclad  to  an  Iha  tnwnd  that  tha 
law  in  mMHtioa  h  a  wriaaa  kw,  tha  party  ob- 
iactttag  nan  ihov  thai  h^.'  Wknaiaaa  in 
Cuba,  asanUaad  mdar  a  ooatnlnian  touching 
tha  aaacatlo*  of  a  win,  taatiAed,  In  genatal 
temw,  that  it  WM  wecotad  according  to  Iha 
law  of  that  oomtiyi  and,  k  not  appoaring 
fion  (ha  laadnony  Owl  Ihora  waa  any  wtitum 
law  «pon  tha  aaMact,  tha  nmrf  waa  hold  aafl- 
ciant*  A  Muimt  piaadad  tofanqr  In  an  ac- 
lioa  upon  a  eontract  fovamad  by  (ha  law  of 
lanaicai  htU,  that  tha  law  waa  to  ha  Bcovaa 
aa  a  nattar  of  fact,  and  that  tha  banian  Uy 
apon  hin  to  abow  It.* 

Proof  of  aach  aawriltaa  law  ia  aaaany  mada 
by  tba  taatir-aay  it  witnaaiw  laamad  in  the 
l-»  U.  j|t  I  tN  lamMMa  Itat.  4fL  «. ;  f  JohM. 
ani   t  KMiCwnak  «|f  s7Tl9laia«.  {j.  iMj 
71  BiaMa.  I, 


»93J»» 


■  <nt  i 
M,Bina 


law  and  conpalanl  lo  tiaia  U  coiraclly  umlcr 
«ialh.»  Tha  public  taal  of  -  foreign  •overaiijn 
M  itala  aMitd  In  a  wriiinK,  purponing  lo  ba  i 
wrtiicn  edict,  or  Uw,  or  juil||meni,  It  of  lt»alf 
lh«  hIghMl  •*i(t«nc«,  and  no  farther  proof  i< 
rmulrad  of  luch  public  teal.'  ■«■!  the  teal  lA 
a  foreign 


wilhoMl 


ctHirl 
farther 


it  not,  in  general,  avidciur 
pruof,  and  maal,  therefore,  Iw 


Code. 


eMabiiahed  liy  competent  tetdmonv.* 

The  ecu  of  ihe  legialataraa  of  the  tevenl 
Stale*  thall  be  aulhenlkated  by  having  the  Mil 
of  their  reapeclive  Slain  affiled  thereto.*  Hut 
the  ruiea  preacribed  by  aeu  of  Congran  do  ni>i 
eiclude  every  other  mode  of  aatkaniicalinn, 
and  court*  may  admit  proof  of  the  a«U  of  tli« 
iegialalaraa  of  the  aeveral  Statea,  althoagh  mn 
autheMicated  under  the  act*  of  Coagfon.  Ac 
cordingly,  a  printed  volume,  purporting  on  U« 
face  to  oontain  the  law*  of  a  alaler  State,  ia  ■<! 
miMable  M  jfHmm  huii  avidaaaa  to  ptove  tha 
•tatale  law  of  that  Blale.' 

Tha  ciiict  of  iaralga  law*  whan  proved  \% 
properly  referable  to  tna  court.  The  ohiect  of 
the  proof  of  Ibraign  lawa  ia  to  anabte  the  court 
to  inatnust  Iha  jury  what  la.  In  point  of  law,  ih« 
laault  Cron  foreign  law*  to  ba  applied  to  the 
mattera  In  controvanr  bofofo  than.  The  court 
>  <.  tharalbta,  to  dadda  what  la  tha  proper  evi 
denoa  of  tha  kwa  of  a  foeaign  eoanlryi  and 
when  avklanca  I*  given  of  thoaa  law*,  Iha  ooari 
i*  to  Judge  of  Ihafar  appUcabUiij  to  tha  nattci 
in  imae.* 

pomuM-LAW  or. 

Tha  kw  of  tha  forum  [kst  /^ri)  h  tha  k« 
of  tha  country,  to  Ibairibanal  of  which  appeal 
i*  made,*  or  wiMra  Aa  adkm  or  procaaALx  >*> 
inaiilntad,  or  tha  reandv  taui^ 

Tba  ktmt  of  renedlaa,  nodaa  af  praaaad 
ing,  rmd  axaca^M  of  Jailguiali  an  la  be 
regalatad  lolaly  and  aacMvaly  by  Aa  kwa  ot 
tha  plaea  whan  tha  adka  h  iMirtita&.'  The 
kw  of  tha  tcnm  govama  n  lo  Ae  naiarc. 
aatant,  and  charactar  of  Mm  imOfA  n  in 
cata  of  kaWMMnla  aanatdct-ad  ataMl  where 
mada,  but  not  ia  tha  coantry  tvheia  anad  upon,* 
and  daeidn  M  to  tha  dapirhratlon  of  tha  rem- 
edy. Tha  law  of  tha  fMfanfctt*  dadda  who  are 
proper  panic*  to  a  sak.'  Foraign  «orpantion» 
may  HUt.*  and  ba  aaad^  wMa  iSty  have  po|> 
arty  within  (ha  Juritdictiali^  Anait  and  im 
priMmmaot  may  ba  allowad  hy  tha  kW  of 


ttaia  It  cotractiy  unAti 
I  of  *  ftifaign  M»v«r«tgn 
Mln(,  iwrpanlng  lo  bt  * 
>r  juilgmcnl,  li  of  tlMlf 
kii<i  no  f«rth«r  {iroof  i< 

:  Mai.'       ■tM  tiM  Mai  nl 

I,  III   gt««nil,  •vkkiuc 
•nd  miMl,  ihcraforv,  Iw 
nl  tnttawanv.* 
[Mamraa  of  iIm  Mvtnl 


caWd  bjr  having  tk*  Mil 
■a  afllaad  iharttc*  but 
acu  of  Congwaa  do  n<>< 
noda  of  aNllMtMtcalinn. 
praof  of  iIm  a«U  of  tlie 
ml  Suiaa,  allliMi(h  imk 
a  acta  of  CMgraaa.  Ac 
tItMM,  purporllitt  ON  iu 
a  of  a  aialar  S«aM,  k  a<l 
it  nUmtm  to  |m«v«  th« 
It/ 

{■  kiwa  wlwn  provad  i* 
ta  ooMit.  Th«  oh^ct  of 
wa  ia  lo  anabla  ih«  court 
«  la.  In  potM  of  law,  ihc 
!«■  to  to  ivpiiad  to  (ha 
baferatlMa.  Thoeoun 
I  what  ia  tha  propar  avi- 
a  fanign  eowitryi  aiH) 
n  of  tkoao  law*,  tha  ooan 
pyMcaMHty  lo  tha  aailci 

OF. 

im  (*•*  /kii)  h  Iht  ha 
trftmal  of  which  apfKa: 
I  actkm  or  pnwoMkL^  ik 


rf  todguiaiiH  an  to  be 
■cMvaly  h*  *a  kwa  ol 
etioa  h  iMiititad.'  The 
mnm  h  to  tkc  Miar«, 
r  of  th«  iiiay-P  aa  in 
D0iMUiei'«4  i«aM  whar* 
oratry  wbanaood  apon,* 
daprUatloii  of  ttMiam- 
bram  lit  t*  dtcMa  who  are 
L'  ForcigB  corpontiun^ 
^  yi%atk  tCqr  kava  pro))- 
UdiaHj  Armt  and  tm 
•Uowad  hgr  iba  UW  of 

I  ■Coaa.ts: 

Wewl.  «M : 

I  Co 


um 


Sll 


ik«  forani.  Ihe«gh  Ihay  are  not  bf  Iha  law  of 
the  placa  whera  Iha  cuniract  wa«  made.' 
Whera  Iha  debt  la  dUcharycd  by  ihe  law  of  iha 
place  craaiing  It,  aach  •  diKharg*  will  aauHinl 
(u  •  diacharga  everywhere**  ll  ma»i  lie  a 
'li«ch«rga  from  Ihc  debt,  and  not  an  exemtHlon 
from  Ihe  effect  of  uartkular  meant  of  enforcing 
Ihe  remedy.*  Tha  furm4  of  judgmeiii  and 
rufcallon  art  to  be  delcnnlned  by  Ihe  law  of 
ih«  forum.*  Fur  Iha  Law  or  iNTKaaar, ««  af- 
'rctcd  by  lha  law  of  ihe  forum,  tea  OiNfLlCT  or 
p.AWt,  abova.  For  Damaois,  tea  title,  Dam- 
AiiKS,  ante. 

Siatalaa  of  limitation  affect  lha  remedy  only, 
•ikI,  henca.  tha  law  of  the  fonim  will  lie  the 
K<>vernlng  law.'  But  ihe««  itatute*  restrict  tha 
ri'inedy  tor  citUana  and  Mrangara  alike.*  Tha 
rniriciion  appliaa  lo  a  auit  on  a  (braign  jadg- 

lIKIlt.' 

The  right  of  mI-oITU  lo  ba  datarmined  by 
the  law  of  lha  forum.*  i.iena,  implied  hypoth- 
cceiioni  and  prioriliea  of  claim  gcnatally,  are 
matter*  of  ramady.'  A  pre*cripliva  liila  lo 
iwnonal  praiMrty  acquired  in  a  former  domi- 
ril  will  ba  laapactad  by  tha  law  of  the 
Corum.a 

QuaatioM  ol  tha  admiaaibilliy  and  affect  of 
(viJenca  art  to  ba  datarminad  by  lha  Uw  of 
ihe  foram.* 

Tha  law  of  tha  plaoa  ia  pmaoMd  to  ba  ihat 
>r  tha  foran  liU  tha  contrary  ia  thown,"  and 
il«o  iha  Uw  of  tha  placa  Whara  iba  thing  ia 
■ituated.* 

INTBIINATIONAL  LAW  ia  ihal  ax- 
iMing  aii4  rogulatiiifl  iho  mutual  Inttrcouna 
l^ciwean  dUbrant  ulloaa.  It  i*  diningviiahed 
v>  tha  ri^ita  aaM^  Mllona  and  tha  righu  of 
naiiona.  Tko  MtwaJ  law,  or  lha  doctriaa  of 
risbl*  and  of  Moto,  faeaw  tha  aoiantiiiG  baala 
>(  intaraatioaal  tow  t  Cor  natlona,  iika  lawer 
comnraaMak  wi4  lilw  individual*,  bava  righu 
>nd  can«bth«  oUiaalkMa,  aaonl  claim*,  and 
lutlca.  TKapaitioiIaraoorcaaofinlamational 
law  ara  Jwal  wi4  mond.  Tha  Jwra)  alamanu 
•re:  I.  Tbf  rlghl*arat«|ea  or  natioM  aa  *«cb. 
•Icdadbte  frooi  iu  naiiira  and  it*  oflko  m 
l<rotactar  of  thoaa  who  live  nndar  It*  kw,  a. 
The  right  which  tha  aiata  or  nation  ahare* 
with  individiul*.  and  in  part  with  artificial 
penona,  M  tha  righia  of  proparty,  oonlnct, 
and  ramitation ;  and.  3.  Tha  ri«hia  which  arias 
when  it  ia  wnmoad,  aa  ihoao  of  aalf-pnitaction 
»nd  ndraia.  To  thaaa  hava  boan  ioinad  by 
«ma  the  righta  of  pmialiinonia  and  of  con- 
4uett— th«  tott«r,at  laaat,  without  good raaaooi 


i?"v'r»»_»  maa.  %,,  V^fia.     vf  an*.  *«  v.  ■•:    i 
>^ll«ia<^^i  MV«;«f.  »4l^Fari.dM: 


•  B.»C,4»i'»Aik. 


for  Ihara  i*  and  can  ha  ho  tiahad  right  of  c»n. 
«iur»i,  irreapectlva  «.f  redrvna  and  leU  {iroiec- 
liuit  The  nuirai  alemciiu  are  the  dutia*  of 
humanity,  enmity,  and  mierroiirte. 

Nation*  ar*  voluntarvi  1.  In  deciding  tha 
queiUon  what  InlcrcourM  they  will  hiil<rwith 
each  other)  a.  That  llicy  are  voluntary  in  de- 
fining their  ilghu  and  ubliK*ii«iu,  mural  claim* 
•n<l  duties,  although  thcM  have  an  ob)eciiva 
exi«lenca  Iwt  ind  the  cuiilrul  of  tha  will  of 
naiionjii  and,  j.  1  liat  when  inlernallonal  law 
ha*  arisen  by  th«  liea  aiaeni  of  thuM  who 
enter  into  certain  arrangement*,  obedience  lo 
it*  pruvitinn*  I*  a*  truly  in  accordance  with 
natural  law— which  reuuire*  the  observance  of 
contracts — aa  if  naturni  law  had  lieen  Intuitively 
discerned  or  revealed  from  hcAven  and  no  con* 
sent  had  bean  nece**ary  at  the  outset. 

Aliens.     It  cannot  he  affirmed  that  a  tiata 
is  obligated,  in  Mrict  right,  to  admit  forriuner* 
Into  or  to  allow  them  transit  acn**  it*  territory, 
or  even  to  hold  Intercourse  with  them.  All  Ihi* 
may  ba  iU  duly,  and  perhsp*.  when  it*  territory 
aflorda  tha  only  convenient  uathway  lo  tha  rest 
of  the  world  or  its  commiKiities  are  n«<Te*sary 
lo  other*  of  mankind,  transit  and  Intercourse 
may  ba  enforced.     But,  aside  from  the**  ex- 
treme caaaa,  iittarcovrse  i*  only  a  duly,  and  not 
definable  with  precision,  a*  I*  thown  by  the 
endlc**  variatica  of  commercial  Ireatle*.      It 
c*n  only  be  aaid  that  the  praciicu  of  Christian 
*lalea  l»  growing  mora  and  more  liberal,  Ixxh 
a*  regard*  admitting  (biaigncr*  Into  their  terri- 
torie*,  and  to  the  enjoyment  of  ihoae  right*  of  per- 
eon  and  property  which  the  nativea  poaaoM,  and 
aa  rcgarda  daaiicilUiing  then,  or  even  incorpo- 
rating them,  aArrward*.  if  they  deaire  it,  into  the 
body  politic.    The  aiultlplied  and  very  cloae  re- 
latione which  have  ariaea  between  naiiona  in 
modern  limea,  ihrongh  dooaidlad  or  temporary 
residcnU,  have  given  riae  lo  the  qae*tion,  What 
law.  in  porticalar  caaea  involving  peraonal  aiatut. 
property,  contract*,  fanaily  righta,  and  aacceaaton, 
(ball  control  the  deciaiona  of  the  coviu  7    Shall 
it  be  alwaya  Ihe  iirjr  /or/,  or  aomelimea  aome 
other?  The  amiwcra  to Iheaeqaeations  are  given 
in/rivaA'  imtdmatiomtl  Urn,  or  the  t»mMitl  •f 
Am,  aa  it  is  lomelimea  called,— a  very  intcresl- 
ing  branch  of  law,  aa  thowing  bow  the  Chru- 
tian  nationa  are  cowing  fr^  age  to  age  nearer 
lo  one  another  in  their  view*  of  the  private  rela- 
tion* of  men. 

INTKRCOUKBB  requirca  ita  agenla.  both  thoae 
wboae  office  it  ia  lo  attend  lo  the  lelalion*  of 
atataa  and  the  rigbtt  of  their  oovntrymcn  in 

.  Ho.  L.  I 


»•!*.  (K. £.)  WW,  *•« s  jC.  *  F,  _  ^  _  . 
Ch.  190  J  a  Wend.  47} :  a  Mart.  is«.  I^or  lh« 
diseluiris  by  suoMcs  or  batosdi 


to.  L.  I ;  J  Jcihm. 
For  lh«  (Acl  bf  II 


_ „_  _,^___,,  ^  ..__Joa,  where  they  are  so 


?.'■  V  f  V  ?"*•  •  «!?■••■•  '■  •  "orslio  itsu,  ire  story 
6  Rob.  U.  IS. ,  *-S  Oarkl  r.  Ho.  E.  i-si j    11  P«. 


Ml :  9  How 
La.  An.  sCa; 
8  H«a.  ft  M. 
see  AwM.  113 


Btary  Cant 


|JoIms.s«3.    t-it 
It  Wheat.  361 :  ^t 


37 :   sOsaeb,)}!,    ..  „„„..  j„, 

I.    VMS  j^Aa.410:  a^fhrsdf.  Suiv^Mi 


;J*f' 


•••  Lvtiumcs.    «r-«tM>a.4«si  mM* ...  . 

SJ>    m-xlIa*r.ftJ.%:awFMumi|- 


iI.AWa,aiMa. 


m 


TAW. 


§»mtnl,  mm!  UtOM  mho  look  aAw  iIm  cramMr 
eUl  Inlarmt  of  liidl»ldHsli.  Th«  f<)fm«>  »Har« 
wtlh  (lublic  *•■••>•,  uid  wltli  Mn*r«igiM  lr»««l 
lln|  •brcMii.  ctiimn  •ii*m|i(tfNM  trom  ih«  Uw 
of  lh«  land  U)  which  ihcywa  ••nt.  Th«tr  |wr 
•on*  arc  ordinarily  invlotaiai  lh«v  ar«  ni4  (Ml* 
J«cl  lo  foraign,  civil,  iit  criminal  )uriMliciit>n  i 
ihtj  ar«  ganarallf  «<i«mpi  from  ImputMi  Ihajr 
kava  llhciijr  u(  wrirt>!ilp,  and  a  ctrtain  txiwcr 
ov«r  Ihair  Irainc,  who  llliawia*  ibara  ih«ir  ««• 
CMUiana.  iJnIjr  wlihin  liv«  ctnlHrifa  ka*« 
tmlNU»a<lan  r«*id«d  |Minnan«nlly  abroad — a 
ckanga  which  Hm  had  an  ImpartitM  tAict  <in 
th«  r«lail<>n»  of  HaiM.  C'oMwIa  ha««  aloMMl 
nun«  nf  tba  |«ivtl«||««  of  awhoaaadora,  tactfM 
In  eoanlrtra  licyiMid  th«  pal«  of  Chrtdlantty. 

RlUIIT*  IN  ORNKftAL.  Th«  right*  <>f  ih«  uaffl 
or  natlMfl.  a*  luch,  may  bo  oamiMrM«d  undar 
lh«  tarm  tovertigniy,  or  b«  dlvMad  Into  •<>* 
.  trvignly,  lnil«iwnd«nc«,  and  aqMalllv  I  by  which 
Ultcr  term  t*  intended  e(|«alily  of  rtghu.  8<>v- 
•f«<gnly  and  indtpcndanco  ar«  two  aidaa  of  lh« 
tiuna  property,  and  aqiialiiy  of  rigbU  nocaaanHhr 
balonga  lu  loveracgn  alaiaa,  wkatavar  b«  tbalr 
•iit  or  cnnulluiloni  for  n«  raaaon  ran  b«  ai- 
•tgnMi  whv  all  Btaiaa,  aa  ibay  bava  Ibo  mrm 
power*  ami  dedinalion  In  th«  avatem  of  ihlngt, 
■hould  not  hava  Idmticnlly  IM  mom  rigblt. 
Blaiea  are  ihu*,  aa  fur  M  othtr  alaiaa  an  con- 
canied,  moaterk  ov«r  Ikamaalvoa  and  ovtr  their 
Mliject*,  free  to  mak«  tacb  changaa  In  their 
law*  and  cr>n«(itution*  aa  lh«y  may  choaa«,  and 
yet  incapahia  by  any  change,  wbalhtr  it  b« 
union,  or  aepnratlon,  or  wkalavar  tt««,  of  ca- 
(•ping  cibtlng  obllgalkHM.  With  rtgard  lo 
•rery  elate,  inttmaikmnl  Uw  only  aakt  whaihcr 
it  b«  iuch  in  ranllty,  wbaiber  It  aclwilly  ki  In- 
VMtad  with  lh«  praDUtias  of  n  Matt.  With 
fbrmaof  (av«mm«ntinl«malion«ll*«rhaa  noth- 
ing to  ik>.  All  fomia  of  gwrommmt,  nnder 
whick  a  itata  can  diacbargt  ita  obUgnllona  and 
dutle*  lo  otbens  aro,  to  far  u  lUa  «od«  la  eon- 
ccmed,  aqually  IcgitlNMla.  Tkns,  tb«  nil*  of 
non  liitervemion  in  the  nffkin  of  othor  •talaa  ia 
•  wellitettled  principle  of  inltranllonnl  Uw. 
In  th*  Europraa  eyetem,  kowawr,  tbara  la  an 
acknowledged  escepiiaii  lo  Ihii  tuit,  nml  alio 
a  claim  on  the  part  of  ceiuin  atalw  to  m  alill 
wider  dapnrtHra  ft  am  the  mlo  of  non-intirrcn- 
lion,  whidi  other  ilatea  have  not  aa  Ml  ad- 
miiKd.  It  i«  cuMOMicd  tka«  myfUAmi  ac- 
tion of  any  »l«l«  or  atataa  which  acrionaly 
thrmlena  lb*  ciieienee  or  aafaly  of  ollMm,  any 
ditturbnnon  of  tbe  bnlanco  of  power,  may  b« 
reaiaiedl  and  pat  down.  Thia  oMMt  Iw  ngaraed 
at  an  applieaiion  of  the  nriokavy  priacipla  of 
lelf-preawrvalimi  to  the  ailUn  «f  natUw,  Bnt 
when  certain  tlalea  claim  *  ri||N  lo  lalerfMra  in 
the  internal  afbiia  of  olken  in  onlcr  to  aop- 
prem  comliiniioital  aMvemeBla  and  Om  •etion 
of  a  ,Mople  withoat  lit  own  aphete,  ihti  !•  aa 

San  tinMthariaed  pvmid  of  intcrfeteitce. 
e  p4en  ben  ia,  on  the  part  of  ihoae  tlalefl 
whIdi  have  aaierted  nch  a  right,  eapedaPy  of 
Anuria,  Pnmia,  RmmU,  aa4  at  Haca  of  France, 
that  iMtnal  rcvoivUoM  tn  Um  renit  «f  wide- 


•pr««<l  cnn«|i(raei**,  and  If  inixeaafttt  anywheie 
are  fatal  lo  the  (Mace  •tud  ptrMpertly  of  all  <«t> 
(oiute  or  nrmcoiiiMiuiiuinal  t';<fcmmenli.  Th<- 
right.  If  admitted,  witwld  <j«*lray  hy  an  inln 
nailunal  law  all  power  of  the  penfile  in  *iiv 
>iat«  o»«r  their  gftvcrnmeni,  Ami  wiMild  j'Uir 
the  Mnaller  Male*  uiidrr  the  luttUge  of  two  nt 
three  iif  th«  larger,  KngUml  ha*  alwAy*  |ii<> 
tcMcd  SKiiinM  lhi«  cMlargcmenI  u(  Ihe  ritfhl  .1 
Interference,  ami  France  ha*  mUliliahecrriDM 
lliaii  one  revuiutlonary  governiaeni  in  »|iiii 
of  it. 

TatftiToay.  A*  lu  the  quntlun  of  tarritiirv, 
Internatlcmal  law  i*  tolerably  clear.  Iieiii<l> 
the  land  and  water  Include  i  within  (he  line  nl 
boundary  te|MraJing  one  *k,ae  from  another,  11 
regard*  a*  terriiiiry  the  coati- water  lo  tbe  di« 
lance  of  a  marine  league,  and  Ihe  puillon*  uf 
aea  within  line*  drawn  between  headland*  mi) 
very  remote,  or.  In  other  word*,  ihoec  part*  nf 
Ihe  lea  which  are  cloacly  connected  wiCu  a  pii- 
ticukr  country  when  It  need*  to  d«fen<l  it«clf 
agatnal  attack,  and  it*  law*  arc  exiHMed  lo  «l» 
lallon.  The  high  *aa,  on  the  other  hand,  i> 
free,  and  to  ia  every  avenue  from  u^e  part  of 
the  *en  to  another,  which  i»  nacataarv  for  Ihe 
iniercottiM  of  Ihe  world.  It  haa  been  neld  thai 
riVeie  are  eaelutivelv  under  the  ]uri»diction  nf 
connlrlea  throogh  wnlch  they  flow,  *o  (hat  ihe 
dweller*  on  their  upper  water*  have  nn  aheo 
lute  right  of  pataage  lo  and  hvtm  the  aea  |  Imii 
practically,  at  preacnl,  all  the  river*  which  dl 
vide  or  pin  through  diMcrent  Mate*,  are  free  for 
all  Ihoae  who  live  upon  them,  If  not  for  all 
mankind.  It  haa  been  claimed  that  (blpa  are 
territory  t  l>nt  it  ia  aaier  lu  any  that  they  are  un- 
der the  Jariidictlan  of  their  own  (tale  until  Ihcy 
c«Hne  within  that  of  another  alale.  By  comity, 
public  veaaeht  are  esempt  from  foreign  inrbdic- 
lion,  whether  in  ibreign  oorta  or  eMtwhcrc. 

TtKATin.  Naiiom,  like  iaUivlduala,  have 
Ihe  right*  of  oonlncl,  mA  their  treatlea  are  aub- 
ject  lo  the  aame  rale*  of  intaiwetatioa  at^d  of 
morality  which  govern  in  municipal  Uw.  An 
inlereatiM  tiaicnplion  of  treatiea  are  ihoae  of 
guaranty,^  which  ■omellmea  a  right  of  inter 
venlion  in  we  alEyr*  of  other  Males  ia  aecured 
beforehand,  Bttt  treaties  may  be  broken,  and 
all  other  rights  invaded  i  and  there  I*  n«  eotirt 
of  appeal  where  wran|s  done  by  atalea  can  be 
tried.  The  rights  of  Mlf-ddence  and  of  re 
draaa  now  ariae,  and  are  of  such  hnporouice 
that  bnt  for  ndraaa  by  force  or  war,  and  to  pre- 
vent war,  totemattoml  Uw  wonld  he  n  very 
brief  seienee, 

WARrA»«.  The  Uwt  and  nsaget  of  modern 
warfatn  show  a  great  advanc^  m  the  nation* 
in  hnmanity  since  the  middle  agss.  The  fol- 
lowing at*  aaong  Ike  Undii^  prindpUs  and 
WMceit 

IW  dnekntkma  of  war,  aa  foimerif  prac- 
tiaedt  wt  wnMOcatary  1  the  change  in  tMa  re- 
spect beinc  dne  chielly  to  the  intUMt*  knowl- 
MM  wMoi  natkine  now  have,  thromh  resideirt 
anuNMadon  and  in  other  ways,  of  mA  odMr*! 
m^vemenli  nnd  dispcsiUoai, 


MM 


I,  tiMl  If  •H«-e«nfiil  anywhcrf 
•(•  itiul  |i(rM|i«fll)f  of  all  »\, 
lilHliunal  t';»«nimtn(i.  Thi- 
,  wit«lil  tiMlrtiy  tiy  an  tnlri 
puw«r  uf  (ha  iM<ifti«  In  «n« 
ivvrnmani,  «n<i  «ru«il<l  j>l»ir 
iimi'r  ilia  luiataga  ol  Iwo  it 
r.  Knglanit  has  alw«)f«  |>i" 
tnlar|«man(  uf  Iha  ritfhi  -i 
rranr*  haa  aaUliltahedrMiM. 
lunary  govarmacni   in   iinh 

U  tu  tha  qutvllon  ot  larriinr> 
la  Inlarably  vlaar.     B««i>l< 
r  IfMlada  i  wlihin  ih«  Una  <>f 
nn  ona  »k^a  from  anolliar,  ii 
J  iha  ciMM  waiar  lo  iha  <lt« 
Irague,  and  ihc  porllnnt  of 
rawn  baiwtan  haailjanda  nii< 
I  iMhar  word*,  lh«M  {mcU  nl 
cluaaljr  connacltd  wicii  a  ptr 
«n  It  nacd*  to  dafcml  ItMlf 
i  lla  law*  ara  tanoaad  lo  vlo 
li  *«a,  on  Iha  oihar  hand,  i» 
•ry  avtnuc  from  o^a  iMit  of 
r,  which  l«  naccvaarv  for  tht 
world.    Il  haa  bacn  nald  thai 
valv  undar  lh«  jurMlctlon  of 
wnlch  (hey  (low,  *o  thai  iha 
upper  waien  hava  no  ah*o 
tg»  lo  and  tttmx  Iha  aa«  i  but 
■cnl,  alt  (h«  rivan  whicn  dl 
|li  diflbrani  alatea,  ara  frca  Uvi 
a  apon  tham,  If  not  for  all 
batn  claimed  that  ahlpa  are 
I  ittiar  lu  lay  tiMi  tkay  ara  on- 
a  of  their  own  aiala  until  they 
of  tAoihcr  ateM.    By  imnlty, 
•Mmpl  from  feraign  iurisdic- 
orvign  Mtta  or  tlairwMrt. 
uioM,  lilM  imUvidwkb,  have 
Ml,  amd  Ihair  tiMttn  wn  tub- 
rolct  of  intarpraUtloii  wni  of 
tvani  in  gmniclpal  law.    An 
Mioii  of  imliaa  are  ihoaa  of 
ih  ■ometliiMt  a  right  of  Inter 
tin  of  other  alaica  la  aacared 
traaties  may  ha  brolwa,  and 
wUM ',  and  there  la  99  court 
wronf*  don*  by  atalaa  can  be 
B  of  Mlf'dcCimca  uA  of  re- 
and  art  of  atich  iaipar«iuit.-e 
•  by  fow«  or  war,  aira  to  prr- 
itioMl  law  wotiM  ha  t  very 

M  law*  and  twagii  of  laoden 
|fMt  advanCk  m  tha  nation* 
I  the  middla  agaa.  Tha  (bl- 
I  Iha  landing  |irindpl«i  und 


LAW. 


US 


ma  of  var,  aa  formariy  pmc- 

kngn  In  utia  re- 

ihteky  to  tha  iniunala  knovt- 


■arft  ib«  Chan 


aa  noar  have,  tkroMgk  raatdant 
in  othtr  ways,  of  mA  oAar*! 
litpcaiUow. 


Thai  *i  Iha  opening  of  war  the  *iiti|ert*  of 
•lie  hoMlla  ilaia  wiihtn  Ihe  larrUory  of  amilher 
«ra  protarlaii  In  ihelr  peruma  and  linitierty,  «n«t 
ihi*  iMKwllhxandlng  II  ta  aiocedeiC  ihal  >>y  «irl«.t 
rt^ht  *M<h  pnipariy  i«  liable  (o  conlWallim. 

That  war  U  wagad  betw««n  »t»»ir»,  ami  l>y 
ihe  active  war  ageni*  ut  (he  |iarii««,  but  lb4t 
MoncombalanU  are  lo  he  uninjured  In  |Mr«in 
jnd  propetly  l>y  an  invailing  army.  Cmlrll.M 
lion*  <»r  ret]ul«iit(Mi«,  however,  ara  tlllt  ct>llec(rd 
l">m  a  cunqueroi  <>r  iiccu(>led  lerrilury,  ar.il 
|.r«|irriy  la  taken  for  iha  uae*  of  armiea  al  a 
<<*^ien«#llnn. 

That  cnmbaUni*,  when  lunenderlng  Ihcm- 
^<•l»e•  in  battle,  are  *pared,  and  are  lo  lie 
I  reeled  with  huntanily  during  Ibeir  captWIly, 
•iHlll  exchanged  .w  ranaoired. 
That  even  public  |>r»perty,  when  no!  of  a 
Hillary  character,  i*  laampt  from  the  ordinary 
'  [leralion*  of  war.  unleaa  nece«*il/  require*  (he 
•  jipiiaJta  cnur*e. 

That  In  tha  atnrming  of  inhabited  town* 
ureal  li(cti*e  ha*  hiiherio  l)«en  given  lo  Ihe 
iMleglog  party  I  and  ihl*  I*  one  of  (he  blot*  of 
modem  aa  well  aa  of  ancient  warfare.  Hut 
liumane  cnmmandar*  avoid  Iha  bomtmrdmenl 
•f  fortlSsi!  favHt  a*  f«r  •*  tk«»ib!e  (  while  mere 
f  )rlre»ie*  may  he  aiaalled  in  any  manner. 

Tha  taw*  of  aeawarfara  have  not  a*  yet 
mme  up  to  the  level  of  tho*e  of  land  warfar... 
KtpecUlly  ia  capture  allowed  on  the  tea  in 
rue*  where  il  would  not  occur  on  ihe  land. 
Yet  them  are  Indication*  of  a  change  in  thi* 
re»pect5  privateering  has  been  abandoned  by 
many  •tale*,  and  there  i«  a  growing  demand 
that  all  capture  upon  Iha  sea,  even  from  ene- 
mlaa,  except  for  violation*  of  the  rule*  of  con- 
traband, blockade,  and  search,  (hall  cea*e. 

When  cant  u  re*  are  made  on  Ihe  sea.  the  title. 
I>y  modem  law.  does  not  fully  vest  in  the  cap- 
tor at  Iha  mnmeni,  but  necda  to  pass  under  the 
reviakm  of  a  competent  court.  The  captured 
vesacl  may  ba  ranaomed  on  the  aea,  unlew 
municipal  law  forbid*,  and  tha  ranrom  ia  of  Ihe 
natura  of  a  lafacondact.  If  a  veaaal  ia  recap- 
lurad,  or  reacuad  from  other  perils,  a  compen- 
•alloo  it  dua  to  tha  raacaar.  which  ia  called 
•aleagat  which  aea. 

In  modam  Inlamational  law,  qneationa  of 
nMlnliiy  ptejr  a  mat  pait.  A  neutral  i«  one, 
ttridly,  who  attirdr  aaaUianca  to  mti/JUr  party ; 
for  aaiiatonca  afttrdad  to  iM  tM*t,  in  almost 
emjr  caaa,  wonld  braefit  ona  party  and  ba  of 
iule  aaa  to  the  other.  Tha  neniral  territory,  on 
''"??**  •«t"MMt  be  nnlovchad  by  tha  war) 
Md  for  all  vtofauiona  of  ihia  nila  tha  aa^ral 
con  taha  or  dcnHuid  aatitlaction. 

Tte  prindiml  liabiiitiea  of  neutral  trada  ara 
ibaMlowlnfi 

In  r«anr  to  tha  natkmalily  of  goods  and 
''*^  *•  ««•.  ••  tk*  wMt,  haa  been  that 
enamra  gooda  ware  axpoaad  to  captnrt  on  any 
veiaal.  aMl  »a«fBl't  mfa  on  anv.  and  that  the 
nenbral  tranahwac  not  nilly  for  having  enemy't 
FMxhi  on  board.  Owing  to  tha  declaralion  of 
Iha  paaoa  of  Paris  in  iSs<^  tha  hnamna  rule 


that  (tm  *hlpa  maha  free  gooda  will  no  dnuM 
iMconie  untver  il, 

Oriain  aiikle*  of  eapaclal  use  In  war  ^rt 
called  cuniralMnd.  .ind  ara  Itaiaa  lo  caiiture, 
llul  Iha  ll.i  ha-  Iwan  »trel>.hed  by  Ulllgerenl* 
e<.|i«.ialiy  l.y  Kngland.  to  ai  lo  Includa  naval 
•I1..M  and  piuvimom,  and  then,  lo  cure  the 
hurd.hip  of  Ilia  rule,  another—ihe  rule  ol  pre. 
tiiipd.m-  ha*  been  iniroduced.  The  (rue  di<. 
Irine  with  regard  tn  conlraband  Mama  la  lie 
Ihal  :.cj»hin|/  Clin  ba  so  railed  unleia  nation* 
h«ve  agreed  to  lo  conaider  lit  or,  In  other 
word*,  lh«l  article*  cannot  became  occasionally 
conlraband  owing  to  the  cimvenlence  of  a  bel- 
ligervnt. 

An  attempt  of  a  neutral  shin  ».)  vnicr  a  block- 
aded place  I*  a  grot*  violatiim  of  neutrality  1 
and,  aa  in  ca«e*  of  conlraUnd  trndt  the  goiJ«. 
»o  here  Ihe  gull  .  veisel.  ie  coiitncded.  But 
blockade  muti  exitt  in  fad.  and  not  ulone  uixm 
|>«|)er,  muHt  lie  made  known  lo  neutral*,  and, 
if  dUcontlnued,  muit  b«  reaunied  with  a  new 
notiricAlion, 

To  carry  out  the  right*  of  war,  Ihe  right  of 
search  I*  indi»|ien*alile  1  and  *uch  search  oiighl 
lo  be  tulmiltted  to  without  feslMttme.  Search 
i*  excluaivcly  a  war  right,  excepting  that  ve*- 
tel»  in  peace  can  lie  arretted  near  the  coa«l  on 
«u«|)icion  of  violaling  revirnue  law*,  and  any- 
where on  euipicicm  of  piracy.  The  tlave  trade 
n.il  being  piracy  by  the  law  of  nation*,  vestel* 
of  other  nation*  cannot  l>e  aearched  on  *u*- 
pi^fon  of  being  engaged  In  Ihi*  traffic.  And 
here  come*  in  the  quotion  which  has  agitated 
Ihe  two  leading  commercial  Male*  of  Christen- 
dom I  How  shall  It  be  known  that  a  vessel  It 
of  a  nailonality  which  renders  tearch  unlaw- 
ful r  The  Kiigliiih  claim,  and  juntly,  that  they 
have  a  right  to  a*certain  this  simple  fact  by  de- 
tention and  examiiialiont  the  United  State* 
contend  that  if  In  to  doing  mistake*  are  com- 
mitted, compenaation  ia  due,  and  lo  Ihia  Eng- 
land has  agreed. 
Law  Mkrchant.  See  title  Aoincvi  Bail- 

MKNTJ;    B<)NM.    NOTU,    AND    BlLUl     COM- 

TRAcra,  etc.,  ante. 
Lex  Fori.    Saa  Foat/M— Law  or. 
Litx  Loci.     See  Pukca— Law  op,  Plac« 

OP  IITUATION  OP  THE  TMINO,  below. 

Lut  Rtt  SiTi«.    Sea  Place  op  amiATiON 

OP  THE  TMINO.  below. 

Maeitime  Law.    See  AnmtAiTY,  above. 
Martul  Law.     Sea    Militaev   1.aw, 
below. 

M  BOICAL  LAW  it  that  branch  of  the  law 
which  is  afected  by  mwlical  factt.  and  in 
which  Iha  principles  and  practice  of  medicine 
I*  reqnlred  for  liw  clacidation  and  tatllemcilt 
of  donbtful  quasttons  arising  In  the  conrsa  of 
j»««|^  procc«Mng».  The**  ouc^ions  |u« 
cmbracad  in  five  dHlnent  daises ;  they  arisa  1 
I.  Ftom  Iha  relations  of  sex ;  as,  ^livery, 
hemaphrodittem.  impotancy,  legitimacy,  pra^. 
nancy,  rape,  sterility,  t.  From  injtirlas  ill. 
meted  npon  tha  living  oigantsatian  1  as,  inlhn. 
Ucide.  poiaons,  woiuida,  panoM  fowid  dand. 


IM 


LAW. 


1.  From  ttl«<|MU<y(nr  <tU«WMP«:  m  i<«fcf»m 
fuim*  "<  menial  •il<n«llon  -h  >l«r«ng«m«ni 
4,  I^rom  <l««|i»l»«  |ir»iiUn,  *»,laign»4  <li« 
tMOT.  J  I'Vum  mCM«IUn«i)iM  r«iMM  i  M,  afv, 
MmMH7(  Hf«  ln«Mf«nc*,  |>f«ium|)<ion  of  ^tllUif 
iktB,  •r4  mottcal  cvMani:* 

Aik>tr><tM  !«  iMi  •'.I  «rf  im»««fiyinf  a*  fm> 
duclnii  y<Ning  b«f<if«  lh«  natural  lima,  vt  Nf<i«a 
iha  fnrtua  I*  |»aiffcrify  formatl.  Iha  a«p«il»i<i« 
Af  lh«  AMMi  ilartng  ut«n»'g««lall<in,  and  twdira 
|(  ha*  ((fiiilrtft  Iha  \)omM  of  (uatalnlnn  an  in 
«l»|)fii<1«ni  lift 

Jtt  trtmlmml  «iul  r.mtuthirtti  m*mni  of  pro 
duclng  alHtrtlim  art  >«l  two  lilnili.  Cirmtrt/,  or 
lh<iM  which  M«k  III  |>riwluce  lh«  •■imUicm 
through  ih«  conailitiiton  of  ih«  miMhor,  which 
•r«  cathartic*,*  <tiiir««ic«,*  tmatlia,*  ammana 
giigu**,*  and  »«««»«!tle»n.*  /.«i'4/  rf  nitthttmi 
nJ  mtamt,  whli  h  con«Ut  althar  iif  aaiarnal 
«4ol«ncc  applitd  to  ih«  ab<liim«n  o*  loin*,  or 
of  Inamimaiili  lnirniUu-«<l  Into  tha  utani*  for 
lh«  purpraa  of  rn|jiurln|(  lh«  in<!!iihranc«.  ami 
Ihua  lirinalng  on  pramature  anion  of  lh« 
womb.  Th«a«  local  or  mechanical  maan*  not 
■nfrcoaantlv  prrHlnca  tha  daalk  of  th«  moihar, 
M  well  aa  thai  of  iha  frrtu*. 

71/  immtttmi  «r  m«tt  mi  tmmut  of  prtviucing 
•tjorll<in  are  of  two  hlrU.     Ai  tkt  mmkir,  a* 

Sraal  dabilltjr,  dl*««*«,  axcewiva  venereal  in- 
ulgcnca,  kaliit  o'  tiUcarHagt,  malformallnn 
"f  IM  palvl*,'  p'*ihora,«  or  l;niahla  or  nervf 
mptraiiMiM  in   ktfittmt*  cv  lit  de|ian<Jeni.  i 
utu&lly  dittokit  4Kialing  in  iki  ovum,*  ili«  mcm- 
branaa,  pl^cxiia,)  or  tha  InatiM  Itielf. 
S«*  r'i»»rM,  Iwlow. 

A(  <i>uciiMBi<T  I*  dallvwy  hi  child  bad;  th« 
•ct  of  glvi^^  birth  to  •  chUd.  Winn  It  u 
urcetaarjr !«'  .five  thaftllatlon  of  n  tndtvidual 
b*  Iha  accoaichmeni,  It  majr  W  iwovcn  by  th« 
direct  laaliaionjr  n:  oi^  ivho  wm  pir^m'  aa  • 
|ihy*ician,  midwife,  <,i  other  (icrson  • 

Amrt.nv  and  I*  ^  a  i  ysti  imi  v  an  a/r«c- 
llirfi  of  the  brain ;  sHp|M]«afl|*  be  only  different 
degrraa  of  the  lama  dMJnh.  !n  vpti^%y 
tha  paiient  i«  nid)t«iiiy  4«(Mirwt  of  contcltma- 
naaa  «f>  <   laniibili^,  an  conditUM  for  a 

period  varvini;  ^rom  •  f««  anmn  to  a  few  days, 
when  h«  <ii«i  <>•  t>egl»«  to  racovar.  Th«  raeov- 
«ry  may.  Kowaver,  iw  iiiH^eWlKt,  leaving  soma 
menlid  ImMirairnt.  or  «•  of  powtr  In  tha 
muaclea  of  voluiii.xf  notion,  r«n«ining  for  • 
time,  if  not  for  Itie.  In  pmlytit  tktra  Is  a 
lom  of  power  in  iom«  of  th«  >.  Jantarjr  muMic* 
-— tkoaa  oi  ha  arma,  eyea,  face,  or  lapt  it  may 
b«  th«  >«qa«(  of  aiMiiflexy,  or  It  mav  be  the 
primary  amction ;  occurring  vary  ruicb  like  an 

M-Matfaiaia  ihM  praJaaa  aivlaa  (pwtalataf  m  the 
lower  MIy  ar  (nMsllnm)  4lichar(M,  «r  ■raMmsMtnl 
«IIkI«*mm  af  the  l«u«ilae*.  aurgii,  MtfjpNfveo    piH 
•«       Mfaiiictna*  Otai  projiiM  Mmmum*  «r  oHnr 
lluit  iiiii— *i  tha  (UathaiM  M,  ar  poaaaM  Bw  fewer  1 
^rovalta  ariaa.    ••UtOCamu  Ihal  ar«»hiaa  ar  ffwolie 
vaaiiilBgbr  aadnnt  the  ■leaaiwl  la  iHaolaigi  9  con- 
Ipw  i>wt||>  iw  miftltm^m  <»rj>Jiat[aa<  liaiiiti.    4k- 
BedMMi Jkat  vnidiNa  ar  m^m^  ^.^-mimmk  i«r 

tavity  af  DM 


altarli  of  afmpl^ey.  ApitplMf  h  ike  atmiltlon 
u(  MfM«  and  volMHiaiy  moium,  from  •ii<|wii 
•lo«  of  the  (Mtcilon*  <<  the  certtimm  1*  *|i|mi 
•ni  (Uaihi  tiiviwnded  animaiiam,  a*  Ailnim^, 
awiMmiiig.  faralyd*  l«  an  alKilllkm  of  fun' 
lion,  whether  of  inlellavl,  general  <ir  *ticii>l 
*en*allofl,  *ym|Hilheiic  or  voiuniary  mmloii 

In  caae*  where  will*  are  niaile  In  Ihiil  ei|ulv<i 
1*1  condition  which  tumeilme*  Tollow*  an  ai 
lAcli  of  apotileay  or  paraly*!*,  and  Iheir  vaildur 
i«  ('<mta*ied  on  tlie  (core  of  menial  lnt<ifn|H> 
lency,  iliare  are  generally  two  i|iMnl  im*  •> 
l**ue,  *it,  I  I.  The  ahaoUte  amooni  of  mrniil 
Impairment)  and  1.  Tba  degree  of  foreign  m 
Huence  eierled  U|>im  the  teelelor.  'l'he«e  i|U'^ 
Hon*  rannot  be  considered  inde>,end»nlly  ..I 
each  other  I  neither  of  them  alone  miKhi  Im- 
tafficienl  lo  Invalidate  an  act,  while  lugethrr 
tkejr  might  have  that  eflect. 

In  leailng  (he  mental  capacity  of  paralyilii, 
reference  thould  be  ha4l  to  the  natura  of  the  *•  t 
In  ']iic*llnn.  The  ouealion  I*,  "  Had  ihe  tr<li 
lor  luMclent  mental  ca|wiriiy  to  make  Ihe  will 
In  dlapute?"  and  n<H  "  Had  he  aulHcieiil  c* 
padty  lo  m*ka  a  will  t "  In  onler  lo  arrive  ai 
correct  c<  taeioni  on  IhU  point,  we  mual  rr 
niemhar,  amung  orher  thing*,  that  ihe  power  in 
aitiNeciaie  the  term*  of  a  (troiMMillon  mu«t  not 
be  confounded  with  the  power  to  diacam  lu 
cimar-juenre*  and  relail<m*. 

In  teatlng  the  mental  capacity  of  one  who 
haa  lo*t  the  (lower  of  apeech.  It  i»  diflcuU,  aii>l 
often  lmpo«iit>le,  lo  arrive  at  correct  re*ulii. 
If  the  prrMm  <*  ,tble  and  willing  lo  commum 
caic  hi*  tkougbti  In  writing,  hi*  mental  capacity 
may  be  clearly  revealed.  If  not  di«po*ed  to 
write  he  nutf  communicalc  by  con*iruciing  ten 
lencea  by  the  help  of  the  alphabet,  block  letlen, 
or  dictionary)  falling  In  ihi*,  reiort  mud  be 
had  to  the  eipreeaion  of  aaacnt  or  diaaent  by 
«igni  to  propoaitiona  made  by  other*.  If  the 
act  In  <{««<tioa  la  complicated  In  It*  relation*, 
nnrMaonabU  In  its  dlipoaitiona,  or  bear*  the 
•lighleet  trace  of  foreign  influence,  It  will  be 
regarded  with  aiMpicion  j  for  a  will  thu*  drawn 
i«  not  abaoituely  the  will  of  the  leataior,  since 
every  dlaporillofl  origimtted  in  the  minda  of 
other*." 

AiPHrXT  is  tuqwnded  animatton,  puticu- 
larty  fVom  •ufliacatioA  or  drowning,  or  (Im  in- 
s(rii«li<w  of  IrreapiraMe  gaae*;  *  tei|Rporary 
stttpimsiioi  of  the  motion  of  the  kekn  and 
srterie* ;  eeasatlon  of  breathing  Md  palsalion ; 
fftintHg :  swooning.  Where  ine  cause  of  a»- 
rihyxy  Mcomc*  the  tubiecl  of  legal  inquiry,  it 
n  necessary  to  wcerttln  wbtth«r  the  pefton 

iNYemg  la  ih* 

^MUfl   111 


YWi*uileof  iIm 


•.BWMfag.'MmMMlaf.     f-A 

up  nr  ttUiM  Msvji^w,  er  jmcsmw, 
ghVulaa**  ar  taewa  of  MomI. 
el  Iha  laauaa  body  wbaa  ihcy 


onmk,  Anm  the  lime  h  i*  dlMiasdy    _ 
<  rib.    fclorc  ikia  dtaifncl  fenM^jaa  It  k  bailed  ^iw«r^. 
i  That  bn^r  mmti  by  iha  fcauls,  la  wWsii,  afaer  im 

J-TImmiW 


aanaeet*  UM  evuai  W  ih*  woeik, 
a  soft,  raiMdMi  bm«*  trr  whick  oe  priMHalaeai*  tlea 
I*  aialaielii**  tiaaiwaa  Mm  perwrt  Mrf  tha  MM*.  '  jaa, 
Q«lMy.  It-i  Isiiv.  la**,  n.  jkl  •>Tb*  RMM  and 
k>(*r  part  «r  ihe  hniia.  ■U^fa*  pkeaaniea  and  lapl 
coflsaquMce*  of  paralylle  aflUctlaat.  sea  t  P*^  Cn. 


mmimami»"-'% 


mm 


inMAtjr  m4iiii>n,  from  khiwh 

•  m*  <>f  iM  t«rt(irum  i'  a|i|i>ti 
n<l«<l  •ntiMMNMi,  M  hlninitj, 
)r*l«  I*  an  tliolllki*  ciC  fi4iM 
lni«ll«t'l,  tfcnaral  <if  tfici  >al 

haitc  Of  viiTHnlarjr  m<illi)n. 

•  lilt  «r«  maiU  In  tK«l  t>|ut«>> 
«h  »<ini«(tm««  fnlldw*  an  <i 
tt  |wial]r*i«,  and  ih«lr  vatuliif 
h«  u«if«  of  mtnlal  ln<<im|M' 

g«n«rall7  I  wo  r|iMM  ttn*  •• 
i«  ataolut*  amouitt  of  mtrniiil 
I.  Th«  i1«Krc«  ol  fiircigii  m 
|H>n  Ihf  (Mtalitr  'i'h«<«  ipi'^ 
ciMMtdart'l  iiiil»^n<Unll)r  '>f 
Iff  ot  th«m  at<in«  mi|{ht  Iw 
liilala  an  acl,  whiU  lugvthtr 
hat  affirl. 

mental  capacity  of  |Minilyili'i, 
lie  hail  to  ika  natura  nl  lh«  ai  i 
!  (iiMMlon  U,  ••  Hail  iha  lr>ii 
lal  ca|Mt<ii)r  to  maka  lh«  will 
I  n<i(  "  Had  h«  sallklani  a 
wilt  /  "  In  onlar  to  arriva  at 
na  on  lUs  point,  w«  muat  re 
Khar  things,  that  fh«  |Kiw»r  In 
nv«  of  a  (iffipiniliun  mu»i  not 
rlth  ib«  power  to  diacara  lu 
I  rtlailona. 

mental  capacity  of  on«  who 
r  nf  tpcech,  it  U  dlffcult,  aiul 

to  arrive  at  correct  retulit. 
bl«  and  willing  Id  commum 
In  writing ,  hi*  mental  capacity 
evaaled.  If  nut  drnpoacd  to 
munlcale  by  conilruding  ten 
I  (tf  the  alphabet,  blnck  letten, 
illng  In  thia,  reaort  muat  be 
naion  of  aaaent  or  dliaent  liy 
ioiu  made  by  o(her«.     If  the 

compllcalenl  In  Ua  relation*, 
lit  dispoailloM,  or  baart  the 
'  faraign  Influance,  U  will  be 
ipicton  (  for  a  will  that  drawn 
Iha  will  of  lb*  laatalor,  tince 

originaiad  in  tha  mlnda  of 

ttapanded  animation,  paiticu- 
itton  or  drowning,  or  Ika  in 
iplrabia  gaaaa;  a  tamporary 
a  motion  of  tha  kaart  and 
n  of  breathing  and  pnlaatbn ; 
itg.  Wbara  flia  canaa  of  an- 
te tttbiect  of  legal  Inqalry,  it 
lacenaln  wkathw  tiM  panon 


iMlact  IbraulUm 


■l-V«Mfl 

I*  Ctmied  HMtl 
illtiCAlMnw^. 


Ih« 

iia 


r 


mm,  la  wMetu  after  m 

t  die  MMa  WMa  plw* 

iIm  aewa  m  Ike  vooiIi 


•  Ilea 


f.  laM.  a.  jifc    ■• 

lie.    na^ar  HieaeaMaajHia  lapl 
ahriie  aflnc<loaa.Me  t  rii%e  Oi. 


LAW. 


i«r 


4aprteeil  «f  Ma  aeiMaa  by  aerldani,  by 
ht«  own  act,  or  aa  the  eiciim  of  another.  Nee 
Ubatm.  ImIow. 

HAtatNMtaa.    Mat  ATniutV.  Mmv. 

MtarK  K:  kha  a«t  iif  bringing  ftirib  a  haman 
Ivelttg,  or  of  lia  citing  into  life,  of  lit  twing 
wholly  liorn.  Tha  cotKlillon*  of  ttra  Mtlh  are 
r  M  tatuAed  when  a  iiart  uf  the  hmt*  m  Imm  t 
the  whi*le  iHMly  mu>i  be  timaghi  Into  Ike  world, 
and  d«ta«h«d  from  that  o(  the  mother  (bat  It  U 
not  necewtrv  that  'hvre  •Ixmld  tie  a  *eparattan 
iA  the  umliiltcal  ton* ',  ih«t  may  (till  connert 
ilia  (.hild  with  il<  mother h<*  and  aAer  tkla 
event  the  child  ini4«t  be  alive.*  The  ctrcala 
ling  <y«tem  mmt  alwi  be  ckangeil,  and  the 
chlM  ma«l  have  an  liidc|ienilenl  ilrcutailon.* 

/Iff0ttimg,  though  a  utual  aien  of  Ilia,  la  not 
i:o«clu»lve  that  a  rhild  waa  mt»//y  Imrn  alive, 
a*  iwealhing  may  lake  plate  liefore  tha  whole 
delivery  o(  the  mothvr  I*  complete.' 

/>r/Mvrv  or  child  birth  ( the  act  of  a  woman 
In  giving  htrlh  to  a  child, 

7*r  Maiii/  Hjtnt  »/  /.  Arwy  are  i 

If  ike  female  be  eadmined  within  ihrea  nr 
kmt  day*  after  the  ucmrrence  of  delivery,  the 
following  circumaiancea  will  generally  be  ob- 
served i  greater  or  !«m  wcakneu,  a  dlaht  |ialc 
neaa  of  the  face,  the  eye  a  little  aunken  and 
•urrounded  by  a  purnhih  or  dark-brown  col 
ored  ring,  and  a  whitcnew  <^  the  ikin  like 
that  of  a  penion  convaleacing  from  diaeaae. 
Tha  beilv  I*  toft,  the  ikin  of  the  abdomen  la 
lai.  Ilea  in  folila,  and  it  traverted  In  varioua 
directiunt  by  ahlning  rcddiah  and  whiiith  line*, 
which  cipeciiilly  extend  frrmi  the  groin  and 
pubea  to  tha  navel.  Theae  line*  have  tome 
time*  been  termed  Amat  eMrV-en/rr,  and  are 
l^rticttlarly  ul>aerved  near  the  umbilical  region, 
where  the  alHiomen  baa  experienced  tha  areat- 
e*t  dlatcnaLM.  Itia  braaata  become  tumid  and 
hard,  and,  mt  preaaure,  emit  a  fluid,  which  at 
fir«t  ia  aeroua  and  aftarwarda  mdaally  bacomaa 
whiter  t  and  the  praaanca  of  thia  tacratlon  ia 
gaiiarally  accomnanied  with  a  full  ptilaa  and 
aoft  akin,  covered  with  a  moiiture  of  a  pacattar 
and  aomewhal  acid  odor.  Tha  aiaolK  round 
tha  nipplaa  ara  dark-oolored  Tha  eatamal 
ganiul  organa  and  vagina  an  dilated  and 
tnaaallad  tkirotigiKNit  tha  whole  of  their  cKtant, 
from  tba  praaaura  of  iha  foMua.  Tha  utenia 
may  ba  (el:  thraogh  tba  abdominal  partataa, 
volttniiioua,  Ann,  and  globular,  and  riaing 
nearly  aa  htg-h  aa  the  uMHlicua.  lu  oriAca  ia 
aoA  and  tninid,  and  dilated  ao  aa  to  admit  two 
or  mora  Angen.  Tha  fottrehett*.  or  anterior 
margin  of  tha  parininim,  ia  aomatioMa  l«m.  or 
it  ia laa.  and  appaan  trt  have  lailWed  coMitlar- 
abla  diucnaloA.  A  dbeharga  (termad  tha 
loehtal)  commaacaa  Ihwi  the  utarui,  which  it 
diitlngulahed  finaa  tha  manMa  br  Ita  pala  color, 
ita  pacvliar  and  wM-known  iincll.  and  ita  dara- 
tkm.  Tha  lochia  .ara  at  Ar«t  of  a  red  color, 
MMlBnutHaUf  hacoBM  lighter  imlil  they  oaaae. 
TMea  lifu  may  ganarally  ba  ralied  upon  aa 
IncHoatiag  tha  slata  ot  pragnancyt  yat  it  ra. 

»yC.ftl>.*<4,atd.*f.   ai-sC.ftr.|aai  yid. 


qalree  mark  tiperietiea  hi  i-.i>le'       >    a  ha  4*> 
leivtd  l>y  a|)tiear«nce«. 

I  he  loehW  Awkarge  might  he  mMaken  IW 
m«n«iriiati«i,«r  INor  albna,  were  it  n<e  (or  tta 
iwiuhar  omell ;  and  ihta  it  ha*  lieen  foaml  lm> 
(Hiw>il>l(,  \,y  any  aitiAce.  to  timiroy. 

Kcl.i«aii<ei  of  the  loA  parte  ariaee  aa  frw< 
qaeiiily  ftoni  nMnttraatlnn  a*  fTom  liehveryi 
Imt  ill  th«*e  rate*  lb  «ia  uteri  and  vagina  >ra 
not  Ml  niut  h  tiimalieil,  nor  I*  there  tkei  tender- 
nr«a  ami  »w,..ling  Tke  parte  are  fcmnd  |ialet 
and  llaliiiy  when  all  algna  of  contualon  ili*a|Vl 
par  afirr  delivery  i  and  thia  cirtamttaace  diiav 
not  follow  men>)ruatlnn. 

The  |ireaenre  of  milk,  thnagh  a  uiuat  tign 
of  delivery,  la  mil  alway*  to  be  relied  upon  | 
dit  thia  tecreiiot)  may  take  place  Independent 
of  iirrgnancy 

The  wrinkle*  and  relaialion  of  the  aMomen 
which  follow  delivery  may  he  th«  cona«f|ueiice 
of  dmfaiy,  or  of  lankneaa  following  great  obc- 
•ity  Tnia  itate  of  the  nana  it  alao  teldoni 
alrlking  aOer  the  birth  of  the  Artl  child,  aa  they 
abortly  rraume  their  natural  Hale. 

C»ntt»M  WrMwrf  generally  lake*  place 

when  Iha  woman  cither  ha*  <l*«tniyed  her  oiT- 
>r>ring  tir  It  waa  ImtM  dead.  In  anapected  caaea 
tne  Mtowing  circumatanrea  ihould  i<«  .MIended 
In  I  I.  The  |ironfc  nf  |irrynancy  whirh  ariie  In 
conaeqnence  of  the  etaminatirm  uf  the  n:f'her. 
When  the  ha*  been  pregnant,  and  haa  Iven 
delivered,  the  utual  tign*  of  delivery,  mei<- 
tinned  abova,  will  ba  prewenl.  A  careful  In- 
veatlgatliin  aa  to  the  woman'*  arpeerance  be- 
fore and  tinea  the  delivery  will  have  tome 
weight  1  though  inch  evidence  i*  net  alwaya 
to  be  relied  u|Kin,  a*  «uch  apnearancet  are  not 
unrreaaentty  deceptive,  a.  The  prniift  of  re- 
cent ileiivery.  3.  The  connection  between  the 
ia|>poaed  ttale  of  |Mrtaritlon  and  the  ttate  of 
the  child  that  it  found )  for  if  the  age  of  tha 
child  do  not  corrctpond  to  that  time  It  will  lia 
a  atrang  circumttance  in  favor  of  ib*  mother's 
innocenea.  A  redneta  of  the  akin  and  an  el- 
Urhment  of  the  amUUcal  cord  to  the  navel  in- 
dicate a  recant  birth.  Whether  the -child  wat 
living  at  Its  birth,  belong*  to  tba  subject  of  ii>- 
fanticide,  which  tea  below. 

PrHtndni  dtUvtvy  may  preaant  itaclf  In 

three  poinu  of  view.  I.  when  Iha  female  who 
feigna  haa  never  bean  pregnant,  When  tho- 
roughly Ineestigaterf,  this  mar  always  ba  de- 
tected. There  ara  signs  which  mutt  ba  pres- 
ent and  cannot  be  fngned.  An  enlargement 
of  the  oriAca  of  tha  nteraa,  and  a  lumafaetion 
of  the  organt  of  ganaiation,  should  always  ba 
pr«sc^t,  and  if  absent  arc  crmduthra  against 
tha  fiKt.<  a.  When  tha  pretended  nragnancy 
and  dalirary  bare  been  preceded  ny  «ma  or 
motrs  dalivcnas.  In  this  case  attention  should 
ba  given  to  tha  following  circumstancca  1  the 
mystery.  If  any,  which  haa  been  affected  with 
r<!g(»  J  to  tha  situation  of  tha  female  1  her  age ; 
luil  oi  har  haabaad  \  and  paitkularly,  whether 


-'SJSJ^T^C  TSR^C'^-.^;  l]>f^,VT: ' 


if 


LAW. 


aged  or  decrepit.  3.  When  the  woman  has 
been  actually  delivered,  and  lubatitutet  a  living 
lor  ti  dead  child.  Bui  little  evidence  can  be 
obtained  on  thia  rabject  from  a  physical  ex- 
amination. 

Momttrt.  (Beings  contrary  in  conforma- 
tion to  the  order  of  nature ;  unnatural  crea- 
tions.)* Although  bom  of  women  in  lawful 
wedlock,  cannot  inherit.  Those  who  have, 
however,  the  essential  parts  of  the  human 
firm,  and  have  merely  sonte  defect  of  confor- 
mation, are  capable  of  inheriting  if  otherwise 
qualified.'    See  Dblivkry,  below. 

No  living  human  birth,  however  mnch  it 
may  differ  irom  human  shape,  can  be  lawfully 
dettroved.*  TTu  kiOtmg  of  a  child,  though 
joined  to  its  mother  by  the  umbilical  coid,  is 
murder.* 

Bliuisn  are  injuries  produced  bv  violence 
upon  the  peison  without  breaking  the  contin- 
Niity  of  the  skin.  It  is  nearly  synonymous  widi 
contusion." 

SeeCoNTiwoNst  Wotmnt,  below. 

CoMMON-SB,WM  is  the  Common  association, 
judgment,  and  perception  in  relation  to  per- 
sons and  things  which  agrees  with  that  of  the 
^enerali^  of  mar.icind.  When  a  paiticnlar 
individual  diffen  from  the  generality  of  ntan- 
kind  or  persons  in  these  retpecU,  ne  is  said 
not  to  have  common  sense,  or  not  to  be  in  his 
senses.* 

CoNTunoNs  are  injuries  arising  from  shocks 
of  the  body  with  large  surfaces,  which  presents 
no  loM  of  snbkance  and  no  apparent  wound. 
If  the  skin  be  divided,  Uw  injury  takes  the 
name  of  a  contused  wound.* 

See  Bsuuis,  above;  Wotmu,  below. 

DitlRitm  Fbuilb  is  a  mental  aberration 
incident  to  fevers,  and  sometimes  in  the  last 
stages  of  chrooie  diseases. 

The  abemtion  is  mostly  of  a  subjective 
.character,  maintained  by  the  inward  activity 
fA  the  mind  rather  thai^  b^^  outward  impres- 
sions. "  Regardless  ofpnsons  or  things  around 
him,  -nd  scarcely  casable  of  recwgniring  thcta 
when  aroMed  1^  Us  attendants,  the  patient 
retires  within  himself,  to  dwell  upon  the  scenes 
,  and  events  ti  tba  paal,Vliicti  pass  before  it  in 
.  wild  and  diswrderly  irray,  wMe  the  tongue 
feebly  noorda  the  varying  impressions,  in  the 
form  c<  diriobiied,  incfthatent  discourse,  or  of 
senseless  mapsody."^  It  comes  oa  gradually, 
being  first  maaifealcd'by  talking  while  itsleep, 
and  bv  *  momentary  foi^atfttlness  of  persons 
and  t&bigs  on  -mtMiifg.  I'ttUy  arousea,  hoW" 
ever,  the  mind  becoiiM  dear  and  tranouil, 
andsooontinMaoiitil  Ae  return  of  sleeps  wnen 
the  same  inddeuu  wear.  GiMliiany  the  men< 
tal  disorder  beoomei  more  •intense^  and  the 
intervals  between  Us  returns  of  shorter  durstion, 
uqtil  they  disappear  altogether.  Occasionally 


014  DondtaMn  Rubl  Pkn. 
•4?)   t  »ietlW.Jor.   "     " 


4M.    9*  B.  ColMi. 


i4i  I  Swift  I 


ek  Med.  Jer.jM!  C*  U«  ».|:  Dig.  ij. 
-  _  J§y*M9'!  rM.  Cod*.  Pt.  1,  Ml.  >.  t.  4f  I 
4.  »Ti««  Mad;  Tar,  4»iJM.BriM4  VUU.  U(  Pt.  1. 
b.6.  Art.^,|s:'i  r«Wa«.  M|.|l4«5s.  «-T 
CAP. (14;  9  Id. est  SM  iB«ckilM.JiMr.4ir«:  i 


the  past  is  revived  with  wonderful  vividness 
and  acquirements  are  displayed  which  the  pa- 
tirnt  before  his  illnisss  had  eniirely  forgotten. 
Instancea  are  related  of  persons  speaking  in  a 
language  which,  though  acquired  in  youth, 
had  long  since  passed  from  their  memory. 

The  only  acts  which  can  possibly  be  affected 
by  delirium  are  wills,  which  are  often  made 
in  the  last  illness  during  the  periods  when  the 
mind  is  apparently  dmr.  Under  such  clr- 
cumsunces  it  may  be  questioned  whether  the 
apparent  clearness  was  or  was  not  real ;  and  it 
is  a  questimi  not  alwavs  easily  answered.  In 
the  early  stages  of  delirium  the  mind  may  be 
quite  clear,  no  doubt,  in  the  intervale,  wljile  it 
u  no  lesa  certain  'hat  there  comes  a  perlbd  st 
last  when  no  rea  /  lucid  interval  occurs  and 
the  mind  is  reliable  at  no  time.  The  person 
may  be  still,  and  even  answer  questions  with 
some  degree  of  pertinence,  while  a  cloae  ex- 
amination would  show  the  mind  to  be  in  a 
dreamy  condition  and  unable  to  appreciate 
any  nice  relations.  In  all  these  cases  the 
question  to  be  met  is,  whether  the  delirinm 
which  confessedly  existed  before  the  act  left 
upon  the  mind  no  trace  of  its  influence; 
whether  the  testator,  calm,  quiet,  deisr,  and 
coherent  as  he  seemed,  was  not  quite  nncon- 
adous  of  the  nature  of  the  ad  he  was  perform- 
ing. The  state  of  thinn  fanplied  in  these 
questiona  is  not  fendful.  In  every  case  it  may 
possibly  exist,  and  the  questiona  must  be 
md. 

After  obtaining  all  the  light  which  can  be 
thrown  on  the  mental  oondiuon  of  the  testator 
bv  nurses,  servants,  and  physicians,  then  the 
clMuraGter  of  the  act  itself  and  the  dreumstaaccH 
which  accompany  it  require  a  careful  investi- 
gation. If  it  should  appear  that  the  mind  was 
apparently  dear,  and  that  the  act  was  a  ItMonol 
ad  rationally  done,  consistent  one  part  with 
another,  and  in  aceordance  with  wishes  or 
instructions  previoos^  expressed,  and  wit|iout 
any  apneaiance  of  foreiga  influence,  than  it 
would  M  estaUtsbdd.  A  diflennt  aUle  a* 
things  wonld  to  that  extent  raise  saqpidon  and 
throw  discredit  on  the  ad.  Yd  at  th«  very 
best  it  will  occas^mally  happen,  so  dubknu 
sometimes  are  the  hidieatioas,ihat  the  dedsitju 
will  be  largely  conjcdulral.r 

DsuRlVM  TUMRId  (AfSM£i-«-jMivl  is  a 
mental  disorder  induced  by  the  exoeasive  and 
prolonged  use  of  Intoxicathig  Bquors.  It 
geneniUy  iqipears  as  «  sequd  to  a  few  days 
abetincace. 

The  natara  of  the  ccnaection  bdweea  this 
disease  and  ahetincnee  iti  not  yd  deariy  altder- 
atood.  Where  the  fenner  sacceeds  a  bnken 
limb,  or  any  other  Mvere  ueddent  that  cmrfbes 
the  patfent  ttk  bb  bed  and  dil%[«s  kia  l»  ab- 
stdn,  h  would  seem  as  if  Its  devdefaseat  were 


Chhty  IMi  Jar.  4|l. 
«g.Pr,sit_4CiB 


fi.^SAn!Z|! 


j*«|Jfcd.  M«,|A soe7in?s)td.  Met  s  HTj 


m>- 


LAW. 


5tf 


id  with  wonderful  vividnck^ 
•re  displayed  which  the  (ni- 
llneu  had  enllrely  forgotten. 
ted  of  peiMM  speaking  In  a 

though  acquired  in  youth, 
ised  from  their  ntemory. 
rhich  can  poasibly  be  amcted 
wills,  which  are  often  made 
during  the  periods  when  the 
ily  clear,  under  such  cir- 
y  be  questioned  whether  the 
I  was  or  was  not  real ;  and  it 
always  easily  answered.  In 
f  deliriBm  the  nind  aiav  be 
nbt,  in  the  intervals,  wl^w  it 
that  there  cones  a  peribd  at 

/  Indd  intenral  occurs  and 
>le  at  no  time.    The  person 

eren  answer  questions  with 
ertinence,  while  a  doee  e»- 

show  the  mind  to  be  in  a 
I  and  unable  to  appreciate 
ts.  In  all  these  cases  the 
let  is,  whether  the  delirinm 
r  existed  before  the  act  left 
no  trace  of  it*  influence; 
ttor,  calm,  quiet,  cickr,  and 
«med,  was  not  quite  uncon- 
r«  of  the  act  he  was  perfonn- 
of  things  implied  In  these 
ncifni.  In  every  case  it  may 
nd  the  question*  must  be 

[  an  the  light  which  can  be 
Btal  oonditloa  of  the  testator 
ts,  and  physicians,  then  the 
t  itself  and  the  circumstaaceH 
'  H  require  a  careAil  invcsti- 
did  appear  that  the  mind  w» 
ind  that  the  act  waa  a  ts^onat 
w,  cootiMent  om  part  with 
aceordance  widh  wishes  or 
Doshf  expressed,  and  wit|Kiut 
»f  meifii  inflocnee,  then  it 
Ibed.  A  diflcrait  sUte  v' 
\M  extetrt  rais*  nspidoB  and 
n  the  act  Yet  at  the  very 
•t>HMlly  haplwii,  so  dnbkras 

btdieatioas,ihat  the  dedskjn 
iijcctui«Ly 

iMitMi  tMmia-m-^'t)  is  a 
idiKwd  by  the  exoeasive  and 
sf  Intoxicalhif  BqHon.     It 

•a  «  aeqiid  to  «  few  «bys 

the  cnmecliMi  bdwcea  this 
cnce  iti  not  yet  deariy  Mider- 
«  femer  Mwceeds  »  broken 
'severe  tifddeW  tlwt  confines 
hed  and  (M%ea  lt2a  to  ab- 
m  as  if  its  devdofawat  were 


favored  fay  the  constitutional  disturbance  then 
exiiting.  In  other  cases,  where  the  abstinence 
if  apporentlv  voluntary,  there  is  some  reason 
(o  suppose  that  it  is  really  the  incubation  of  the 
iliMSse,  and  not  its  cause. 

Iti  approach  b  generally  indicated  by  a 
flight  trcRor  and  faltering  of  the  hands  and 
lower  extremities,  a  tremulouaness  of  the  voice, 
a  certain  restleunese  and  sense  of  anxiety 
which  the  patient  linows  not  how  to  desoribe 
or  account  for,  disturbed  sleep,  and  impaired 
appetite.  These  symptoms  having  continued 
two  or  three  days,  at  the  end  of  which  time 
they  have  usually  increased  in  severity,  the 
patient  ceases  to  sleep  altogether,  and  soon  be> 
comes  delirious  at  intervals.  After  a  while 
the  delirinm  becomes  constant,  as  well  u  the 
utter  absence  of  sleep.  This  sut*  of  watchful- 
ness and  delirium  continues  three  or  ibur  days, 
when,  if  the  patient  recover,  it  is  succeeded  1^ 
ileep,  which  at  first  appean  ir.  uneasy  and 
irregular  napa,  and  lastlv  in  long,  sound,  and 
refreshing  slumben.  When  sleep  does  not 
supervene  about  this  time,  the  disease  proves 
fatal.  "^ 

Delirium  tremens  is  marked  by  some  peculiar 
characters.  Almost  invariably  the  patient  mani- 
feiU  feelings  of  fear  and  st<q>icion,  and  labors 
under  continual  apprehension  of  being  made  the 
victim  of  sinuter  designs  and  practices.  He 
imajHnes  that  people  have  conspired  to  robond 
mufder  him,  and  tntisU  that  he  can  hear  them  i»- 
•n  adjoining  room  arranging  their  phuta  and 
preparing  to  rash  upon  him,  or  that  he  ts  forcibly 
detained  and  prevented  from  going  to  his  own 
home.  One  of  the  most  conmon  haliucina- 
lions  in  this  disease  hi  that  of  constantly  seeing 
derib,  snakes,  or  vermin  around  him  and  on 
him.  Under  the  influence  of  the  terrors  in- 
spired  by  these  notions,  the  wretched  patient 
often  enoeavon  to  cut  hia  throat,  or  Jump  out 
of  the  window,  or  murder  hia  wife,  or  som« 
one  dae  whoa  his  diaonierad  Imagiaatton 
identifiea  witli  his  enemies. 

DehriuM  tnmeaa  mast  not  be  codbnnded 
with  other  CnnM  of  mental  derangement  which 
occur  in  oomMCtton  with  intempcnu*  habits. 
Hard  dtiiddaf  mqr  pndoM  a  paromm  of 
maniacal  excitement,  or  «  boat  of  hallaciaationa 
and  delnsiom^  whidi  disappear  after  a  fcw 
days'  abstineae*  froai  drink  and  aro  •aceecded 
by  the  ordiatrf  SMnlal  oonditioa.*  For  in- 
stance, a  pdaoMT  was  <kfcndcd  on  the  pha 
that  the  honieida  forwUdk  be  was  indicted 
waa  committad  in  a  fit  of  dalfarium  tremena. 
Tber;  was  no  doubt  that  be  was  hibariiv  under 
some  iona  of  ianmi^i  1b«t  the  fact.  whi«h  ap- 
peared in  erideiie^  Owt  Ms  mson  retorned 
beftm  the  reemeBce  of  foond  tkmt,  rendered 
it  very  doubtfol  whdhar  Iha  trouble  wmi  <Mi- 
rium  ttemewi,  althouii  te  avery  other  rewact 
it  looked lOBethatd^iMia.  "-r^ 

DeHriam  tMHiaito  aaaob  ramoiihility  tut 
•ny  act  that  aqr  be  coMmittcd  nnder  its 


Influence}  provided,  of  course,  that  the  mental 
condition  can  stand  the  tevU  applied  in  other 
forms  of  insanity.  The  law  does  not  look  l« 
the  remote  causes  of  the  mental  affection  {  and 
the  rule  on  thb  point  is  that  if  the  act  i*  not 
committed  under  the  immediate  influence  of 
intoxicating  f*-inks,  the  plea  of  insanity  is  not 
invalidated  by  the  fac*  that  it  ix  the  resalt  of 
drinking  at  some  previous  lime.  Such  drink- 
ing may  be  morally  wrong;  but  the  same  moy 
be  said  of  other  vicious  indulgences  which  give 
rise  to  much  of  the  insanity  which  exists  in  the 
world.* 

It  was  held  that  delirium  tremens  w«»  net  a 
valid  defence,  because  the  prisoner  knew,  by 
repeated  experience,  that  indulgence  in  drink- 
ing would  probably  bring  on  an  attack  of  the 
disease. 

It  is  not  quite  certain  what  the  rale  of  law  is 
in  England.  Two  cases  are  cited  where  the 
plea  01  delirium  tremens  waa  admitted  in  ex- 
cuse for  crime.^ 

DiATH  is  the  total  and  permanent  cessation 
of  all  the  vital  functions;  when  all  the  organs 
have  not  only  ceased  to  act,  but  have  lost  their 
susceptibility  of  renewed  action.  Actual  death 
is  disiingttidied  from  a|MiareBt  death  by  several 
signs,  tome  more  conclusive  than  the  others. 
I.  Cessation  of  the  circulatior.  a.  Cessation 
of  the  respiration.  3.  The  /meiet  HippttraHf 
—wrinkled  brow,  hollow  eyes,  pointed  nose, 
hollow,  wrinkled  temples,  elev«ted  ears,  re- 
laxed lips,  sunken  cheek  bones,  and  wrinkled 
and  pointed  chin.  4.  Collapsed  and  softened 
state  of  the  eye.  5.  Pallor  and  Iom  of  elasti- 
city of  the  (kin.  6.  InsensiUlitv  and  im- 
movabUity.  7.  Extinction  of  muscular  irrita- 
bility. 8.  Extinction  of  animal  heat.  9. 
MuMular  rigidity)  and  la  The  supervening 
of  putrebction,  which  depends  something  upon 
age,  sex,  conditioa  of  the  body,  and  cause  of 
death)  also  i^on  period,  place,  and  mode  of 
interMent  Tbe  procem  is  hicreased  1^  a  high 
temneratura,  moistura,  and  access  to  air. 

Varitm  htdUtthtu  at  to  wMttAtr  tkt  4»ath 
it  tk*  tt  tf  G9i  tr  11^  rttmM  0/ vi»ltmtt  ttkw 
be  gathered  from  the  poaition  and  circum- 
stances ia  which  the  body  is  found,  and  the 
condition  of  th*  phtce  when  the  body  is  (bund. 
I.  Whether  tt  be  a  cmm  of  honidda^  saidde. 
or  visitation  of  Cktd)  and,  a.  Whether,  if  one 
of  homidde,  the  awrdw  occurred  there,  or 
some  other  jdace,  the  body  having  been  brought 
then  and  Mt.  The  points  to  be  noted  are 
whether  tba  graand  appears  to  have  been  dis- 
turbed ft«m  its  aatand  condition;  whether 
there  an  aay,  and  what,  indications  of  a  strag- 
gb)  whether  tkara  are  any  narks  of  footsteps, 
and,  if  aiiyi  their  aiaa,  nambcr,  the  ditcctkm  to 
whidi  tMgr  iMd,  and  whence  they  came; 
whether  aay  traoea  of  Uood  or  hair  can  be 
found)  aad  whether  any,  or  what,  instraaumts 
or  weapons,  which  ootdd  have  caused  death, 

!?85^^ •■t**!*'  «*!*«•.  Ji^nor  Med.  Jur.  M- 
dwi  ■em  srimnriy  fcllews  ihsfhmse  aheve.   ~'~~~^ 


i\i' 


■-■xf 


uw. 


Mw  fomd  In  tiM  vieiniiY}  and  ali  neh  hitlni. 
menu  tbonld  b«  etnmilly  prwirred,  w  tKat 
ihor  may  be  identified.* 

Ai  lhatD«gh  an   emnlnatlon   u   poeiiUe 
«hottld  be  made  of  tli*  body  befoi*  changing 
iti  position,  or  th«t  of  any  of  th«  Unibi,  or 
varjring  in  anv  raapect  its  icIatloM  witb  nr- 
rounding  bodies.    So,  also,  of  A*  wonnda,  if 
any,  in  order  from  their  nature,  cfaaiaoter,  form, 
and  appearance,  to  deterasin*  the  Inatmnent 
hf  which  thejr  were  inflicted,  and  aho  their 
agency  in  cannng  the  death,  the  diraclioa  tnn 
which  they  were  dealt,  their  extent,  depth, 
vcMela  severed,  etc.    So,  also,  of  tho  clothes 
W071I  by  (he  deceand,  and  any  paito  torn,  or 
presenting  any  nnuswal  apneartince.    A  memo* 
randnm  should  be  mtide  or  the  color  of  the  skin, 
the  (emperatare  of  the  body,  the  existence  and 
extent  of  cadaveric  rigidity  of  the  mnscniar  sys- 
tem, the  state  of  the  ey^  and  sphincter  mtMcks, 
rioting  at  the  same  time  whatever  swelling*, 
ccchymosis,  or  livid,  black,  or  yellow  spots, 
wounds,  alc(*s,  centnsionft,  fractaras,  or  nixa- 
lioa  may  be  present.    The  fluids  which  have 
«xaded  fhm  the  nose,  mouth,  can,  sexual  or- 
^gans,  etc.,  should  be  careAilly  noted;  and  when 
:  tne  deceased  is  a  female,  it  will  be  proper  to 
examine  the  sexual  omana  with  care,  with  a 
•view  of  ascertaining  wMtber  before  death  the 
;  (rime  of  rape  had  or  had  not  been  cenmittcd. 
I  The  amount  of  decootpoaitioa  riwuld  also  be 
luated,  with  a  view  «f  detemiaiag  wham  the 
-  death  took  plarr 

EiMmtn  „;  n  ^*:  fy  VMrnn.    Thia  hi- 

volves  the  inbdh;  at  t»  Ih*  cause  of  death  hi 

all  cases  of  the  inding  of  bodies  divested  of 

.  Ufa  through  unkuowa  agencies.     It  aueka  to 

^gather  all  the  uvidenca  nimisbed  by  tha  body 

and  surrounding  cireumstaacet  beanug  upon 

this  difficult,  and,  at  beat,  donbMhl  lu^t  k 

more  immediate^  eonoeraa  dM  dutiea  of  the 

|cnroner  i  but  k  hMm  to  coom  up  at^aaqueMly 

for  a  moiu  thorowti  and  Mear^ng  iiwcaliga- 

lion.    Hence,  ila  briefMsa  han  Muda  no  oom- 

ment 

The  fitu  point  for  dctermiaatkm  Is,  wlMthef 
the  death  was  the  act  of  0mA,  at  die  nault  of 
vialettce.  Sudden  death  la  gemimllypwduced 
by  a  powurfk!  tavasia*  of  Ot  Uving  fcfoea  dmt 
develapdwmaefves  la  the  heart, hrm,  or  lungs  t 
the  fint  Is  called*  syacoiM!.*  tiw  mooimI,  aao- 
plexy,'andtheddrd.aspliyxla.i  The  two  last 
are  Ae  most  In^Mttaat  to  be  uadcntood  in  eon< 
nection  with  the  subject  of  penons  Ibuad  daad. 
M  AtA/rwm  i^jMfjy,  thu  mMtm  fawrarioa 
nf  (je  brain  destroys  ittBervallon,lif  wMdi  Ihu 
circnhthm  la  amatod,  «adl  aiie  «r  ft*  iMart 
containing  Its  dau-prBporttlBBcffMotk^  and  ttw 
cavitiee  are  dl  dislMdad  frdaa  lest  of  itawar  to 
propel  III  coeteMB.  Death  by  aMfJtsy  M  tfis- 
closed  by  a  eertaia  apopiaiie  auAa,  or  MMi  of 

ortwoMiBK:  •jtujB^M.Of'iaianaptlMialiiMaMSaS 
m,  ♦alMaa.  wSHwiiKr  iiMMisTwSiifclKt 


body,  eoasMnc  of  a  large  hand,  short  a«ck, 
and  plethoric  fraaM.  ftoaa  the  poatnre  la  which 
the  body  is  found,  and  the  appaaranum  revealed 
by  dissaeHon,  pankulariy  hi  the  head. 

D*mtk  k*  m^Ayxi*  \m  mere  faaportaat  to  he 
understood.  It  is  liaritad  to  caaea  where  the 
heart's  action  is  amde  to  caaae  through  the  in- 
tcrruptfon  of  tiM  mapiiatlan.  or  braatMng.  It 
Is  aecompliahod  by  aU  (ha  poasibie  modm  of 
exchidii^  atmaaphaila  air  him  the  lanfi.  The 
anpcannce  la  tha  body  ladicaHag  dcMh  by  «>■ 
phyxia  are:  vioieM diacatarationa,  eyca  pitimi-' 
a«nl.  Arm,  aud  brflllaati  eadavmis  rtgidiiy 
early  and  well  marked  t  vmoua  system  of  the 
brain  hllof  blood  |  lungs  dhtendad  with  thick, 
dark -colored  Ueod ;  Hvwr,  spleen,  aad'Wdneyi 
gorged  t  right  eavitiea  of  the  heart  distaadcd, 
the  left  almoat  emuiy. 

/Vaftt  ty  tmmk^  ptaaents  a  aarrow  white 
line  swrrounding  the  burnt  spot  i  external  lo 
that,  oac  of  a  deep-red  tint,  numihc  by  dcgreci 
into  a  dUTuaed  radnem.  Thfai  Is  sacoeeded  in 
a  Uxm  mimitea  by  Misters  fliled  whh  serum. 

/Va«l  ^  4«Af  leavea  few  traoea  In  liw  system. 
Pale  surface,  general  congestioa  of  iolamal 
oTgana,  sometimca  afltaad  senna  la  tha  treatri 
clcs  of  tha  braia 

/VaM  fy  <ftinw»^  la  caused  by  a^ihyxit 
froui  suMwatioa  by  nervoua,  or  syncopal  at- 
phyxia,  or.  by  a^vxhi  from  eerabral  eonget- 
tion.  la  tha  flm,  besides  othar  Indications  of 
asphyxia,  tha  Imo  Is  pala  or  violet,  a  frathy 


CMm  at  (ha  month,  fretli  in  tha  larymt.  tiacbes, 
and  bnmdil,  water  ta  dw  tnchea.  Md  aome- 
thaea  In  (ha  lamMoationo  of  Oe  bnmcMa,  and 
alsa  la  Iht  stomach.  In  tte  scooad.  tha  free 
and  skia  aia  paia,tka  trachea  ampty,  lungs  and 
hraiaBMH«l,and»ovalarlathaa(a(»aek.  In 
tha  thbd,  dw  nsHd  iadicatloaB  of  death  by  epo- 
ploinrart  fawid  aa  eaaminatioa  of  (hahialn. 

sJtmm  wf  MtuffKif  ia  pfoduced  by  a^lhyxis 
vaspeaoiaf  nsmiatioa  by  coaipraKiiNg  the 
fauyaa,  by  aynplaay  preaaiag  ami  dw  vtim 
and  mevendag  die  Nlimlif  a(  Maad  fka*  the 
haad,  hy  frMtoM  of  dia  oatfvlerit  vMt^ish  lac- 

I'aptaia  of  the 
the 


•widotlof  tai^Nia  or  iwyni,  or  raptaia 

_    **"        '      r  by nnaaiflMlaf 

•^  •««  (adiMllom 


ligam«RiiafdwiMA,oi 

acrreaornlVBadk.  11M 

dcpaad  iqmi  tta  caMa  of  d«di. 
arot  itoaihfid  and iwaHaw,  lips  iliiBitod,«yt- 
Ndi  npoIlM,  ma  icdiairf  pn^oMlM  toagoe 
•ntutfad,  IM<  tomiiiaMea.  ftoth  eSdat  tiw 
Upa  and  aoaOfllB,  a  deap  ctefayiMaed  giMkcd 
oord  abaat  Iko  aadt,  ■uiiiMhteM  aciflyuMtd 
patobea  aa  diWweat  fMitt  af  dw  hady,  timm 
eo^ttraeted  ar  tfaachad,  aad  dw  body  f«ai£ng 
i^  naiawl  kaak  loaair  diaa  la  tidui  aitnln  of 
d«^  ^^ 

i>awd»ilH«»d»  awudiytriftkiacantased 
ar  bHMMMdmmadirtNta  ^  ftkciria  flaid  en- 


fAfUjfiM$  Itaai 


■■'!,, 


9t  •  Im|»  hmA,  ikort  neck, 
M.  AoM  iIm  poalira  la  which 
,  and  Mm  ■pymiiiw  nvMled 
tKiiIarljr  fai  Um  Iwad. 
I'JTM  h  HMi*  tapoilaat  to  he 
it  HmMmI  to  CMM  whtrt  (he 
BM4t  to  CMM  Ihraagk  th*  in- 
mpimian,  or  brMUitng.  It 
bf  til  tlw  poMibl*  ■MdM  of 
■MfteatrArwallMlaBH.    The 

I  bagy  totdte«l<Bg  tfcMk  bjr  m- 

t^  4lftOMQnmNNM|  CVW  pVomi-' 

brilliMtti  eadavcrtB  rigidity 
Mriicd  t  TWMHH  •jrttam  oT  the 

I I  kiii(i  dtem^Ml  with  thick, 
id;  Mvnr,  ■plwn,  •Ml'hMneyt 
iritiM  of  Ibt  k«Mt  diMMded, 


i 


pMMiite  «  iwrraw  white 
.J  burnt  ipoti  «st«m*l  to 
p-red  lint,  niMnlAf  bjr  dcgreci 
HiflM.  Thi«  is  McoMded  in 
Miflen  llkd  with  Mmn. 
MV«  linrtraow  in  th*  iTitam. 
oenl  congestion  of  intamal 
I  «AMd  Mrm  in  the  VMUri- 

wAff  ia  cmsad  b)r  Mphjmia 
bjr  nenroM,  or  wfwtafA  m- 
ihnla  from  Mnbnl  conget- 
,  bmidei  othar  indiofdom  of 
»  hi  mI«  or  vitriet,  «  frothjr 
t,  frotli  in  dw  laf^rm,  Mwbn, 
Br  in  the  tnchca,  and  aonte- 
leationa  of  tha  brancMa,  and 
Kb.  In  ^  aeoond,  tha  face 
F^M  taKha*  ampty,  langa  and 
■owalarinthaalamMii.  In 
d  tadicatioM  of  daalh  fas' apo- 
R  aaaminMioR  of  Ikor  brain. 
hig  ia  pradncad  by  aaiiqrxn 
iwiM  bjT  oaaapMBting  the 


rtc*^ 


ikjr  preiihg  mm  d 
B  Ntamiigar  Mood  fradi  the 
of  dM  oatvled  vMtobnik  bw' 
or  laplaw  of  the 
joammmimg  the 
■^pwaMfndiMttom 
inMa  OTdaani*  AflMavvme 
d-MraoaRi  lipa  wilaNad^  cyt- 
I  icdfaad  iiwi^acttwfc  Maigne 
aainrawad,  Hwth  auMt  dw 
*  wa^  ccdqrsMMd  Madrad 

Ml  iMfH  OT  hm  QOojf y  raMjcn 
ahad,  and  Aa  bndy  latainiiw 


tha  aiaairi*  fnid  en- 


LAW. 


J«l 


tered  and  pa«ed  oat.  Snmetimei  an  extensive 
rcchymoais  appears.^  more  commonly  on  tlie 
lisck,  along  tlie  course  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

Dtttk  fy  tirangulation  presents  much  (he 
ume  appearance  as  death  by  harii(in|;,  the  mark 
of  (he  cord  being  lower  on  the  neck,  more 
horitontal,  «nd  plainer  and  more  distinctly 
ecchyatoaed. 

D*atk  hy  ttarvctitH  produces  general  ema- 
ciation ;  c^es  and  cheeks  sunken ;  bones  pro- 
jecting; fscepale  and  ghastly;  eyes  red  and 
open;  skin,  mouth,  and  fauces  dry;  gall  blad- 
der Uipe  and  distended ;  body  exhalinir  a  fetid 
(Klor ;  heart,  lungs,  and  large  vessels  collapsed ; 
early  commencement  of  putreftctive  procesa. 
DeLivKRY.    See  Biith,  above. 
DtLusioN  ia  a  diseased  sute  c^the  mind,  in 
which  penons  believe  things  to  exist  which 
exist  only,  or  in  the  degree  they  are  conceived 
of  only,  in  their  own  imuginations.  with  a  per- 
suasion so  fixed  and  firm  that  neither  evidence 
nor  argument  can  convince  them  to  the  con- 
trary.   The  individual  is,  of  course,  insane. 
For  esamole,  shonld  a  parent  nniustly  persist, 
without  the  least  ground,  in  attributing  to  bis 
daughter  a  conne  of  vice,  and  use  her  with 
uniform  unkindneM,  there  not  being  the  slight- 
est pretence  or  color  of  reason  for  the  supposi- 
tion, a  just  inference  of  insanity  or  delusion 
would  arise  In  the  minds  of  a  jury ;  because  a 
iuppoaition  long  entertained  and  persisted  In, 
aner  argument  to  the  contrary,  and  aipdnst  tha 
natural  alfectionr  of  a  parent,  suggests  that  he 
must  labor  under  aoane  morbid  mental  deIiMion.< 
Dkmbntia  te  II  fflil<?  form  of  innnity  char- 
acteriiad  bv  mental  wc  Jcneaa  and  decrepitude, 
and  a  toUl  inability  to  reasoa  oonrectlv  or  In- 
correctly.   Tha  mind  dwells  only  hi  the  past, 
and  the  thought!  succeed  one  another  without 
any  obvious  bond  of  asaodation.    Delusions, 
if  thav  exist,  are  traashory,  anr"  lotve  no  perma- 
nent impreasion ;  and  fcr  everything  recent  the 
memory  k  exceedingly  weak.    Ia  manh^,  the 
action  <^  the  miad  is  marked  by  Ibrce,  hurry, 
and  faftimsitv;  in  dementia,  by  slownesa  and 
weakncia.    It  la  aiaatly  tha  leqnal  of  mania, 
of  which,  In  fiia.  it  it  tha  natural  tarmination. 
Oceaaionally  it  ooenra  In  aa  acute  form   in 
vouag  aab^t  and  hera  only  It  ia  enraUe. 
In  old  nan,  in  wboaa  it  oAan  occurs,  it  is  called 
senile  dMHeatia,  and  It  IndicatM  the  breaking 
down  xt  the  awntal  powers  la  advanea  of  the 
bocHW  decay.   It  is  this  Ibrm  of  donentia  only 
which  glvea  rise  to  Ihigation ;  for  in  tha  others 
tha  inconpeiency  la  too  patent  to  admit  of 
queition.    n  cannot  Si4eaaribad  b*  any poai- 
tive  chanMstera,  beetnae  It  diftn  la  the  dffl&ent 
stagea  uf  lis  pragrepn,  Taiyhw  tmn  sfample 
lapae  of  meoMry  to  eonplete  inniHty  to  rceog- 
nlMrneraona  or  Ihin^ii.    And  it  mat  be  borne 
in  mind  that  often  the  menad  inimity  Is  not 
so  aariew  aa  anii^  he  aqppaaed  at  lirtt  sight. 
Many  an  cM  aena  who  aeeoH  to  he  acarody 
eoaadong  ef  what  H  paaii«  arond  him,  aad 
air  VtM  saMs  on  ibc  dda,  cwea- 


ttonsdhyS 

l-Cnaeol|, 


iTi4  MM*  «■  Ac  ikia,  eoea- 


is  guihy  of  frequent  breaches  of  decorum,  needs 
only  to  have  his  attention  aroused  to  a  matter 
in  which  he  is  deeply  interested,  to  show  no 
lack  of  vigor  or  acuteness.  In  olh«r  words, 
the  mind  may  be  damaged  superficially,  while 
it  may  be  sound  at  the  core.  And  therefore  it 
is  (hat  one  may  be  quite  oblivious  of  names  and 
dates,  while  comprehending  perfectly  well  his 
relatione  to  others  and  the  irtcrefitt  in  which 
he  was  concerned.  It  follows  that  the  im- 
pressions made  upon  casual  or  ignorant  ob- 
servers in  regard  to  the  mental  condition  are 
of  far  ten  value  than  those  made  upon  pentons 
who  have  been  well  acqnainted  with  his  habits 
and  have  had  occasion  to  test  the  vigor  of  his 
faculties. 

The  wills  of  old  men  are  oAen  contested  on 
thr  ground  of  senile  dementia,  and  the  conflict- 
in|  testimony  of  observers,  the  proofs  of  foreign 
influence,  and  the  indications  of  mental  ca- 
pacity all  combine  to  render  it  no  etssy  task  to 
arrive  at  a  satisfactory  conclusion.  The  only 
general  rale  of  much  practical  vJue  is  that  - 
competency  mu«t  be  always  measured,  not  by 
any  fancied  standard  of  intellect,  but  solely  Iw 
tlie  reqtiirements  of  the  act  in  question.  A 
small  «nd  fkmiliar  matter  wonld  require  less 
mental  power  than  one  complicated  in  its  de- 
tails and  somewhat  new  to  the  testator's  experi- 
ence. Leas  capacity  would  be  necessary  to 
distribote  an  estate  between  a  wife  and  child 
than  between  a  multitude  of  relatives  with  un- 
equal claims  upon  his  bounty.  Such  is  the 
nrinciple;  and  the  ends  of  justice  cannot  be 
better  served  than  by  ha  correct  and  faithful 
application.  Of  course,  there  will  always  be 
more  or  less  difficulty;  but  generally,  by  dis- 
cat^insr  all  legal  and  metaphysical  subtleties 
and  following  the  leading  of^  common  sense,  it 
will  be  latisfactorily  surmounted. 

The  legal  principlea  by  which  the  courts  are 
governed  are  not  essentially  different  whether 
the  mental  inonnci^  proceed  from  dementia 
or  mania.  If  the  will  coincidea  with  the  pre- 
Tiously  cxpresaed  wishes  of  the  tesutor,  if  it 
recognises  the  ehdma  ijf  those  who  alpod  in 
near  relation  to  him,  if  it  show*  no  indications 
of  andne  infkienefr— if,  in  sLort,  it  is  a  nUional 
act  rationally  done->4t  will  be  esuUMied,  and 
very  properly  so,  though  there  may  have  been 
considerable  Impairment  of  nlnd>  See  In- 
aANiTV,  beh>w. 

DUHiKBNNns  ia  the  condHion  of  a  penon 
who  it  tmdcr  the  immediate  inflnenee  of  in- 
toaicaihig  liqutx*. 

Thfai  oandiiian  nreaenta  Ttriona  degrees  of 
Intensity,  ranghig  from  a  simple  ezfaibmitian  to 
a  atate  of  atler  ttaoonsdoataea  and  inaensi- 
UHty.  In  die  popidar  phraae.  the  term  drunk- 
eanesa  it  i^ed  only  to  thoae  degrees  of  it  in 
which  the  mind  It  manifettly  disturbed  fai  iu 
operaliona.  In  the  eariin'  atages  it  frequently 
happens  thM  the  mind  k  net  onlf  not  distarhed, 

■  419J  i 


p 

SB 


1i' 


•r 


i^BmjHpff 


$•• 


LAW. 


bat  Mit  with  ntnordlnarf  el»*rnnt.  promptl- 
tttde,  and  rigor.  In  th«  lattar  th*  Um<ights 
obvioutljr  raccctd  on*  •notbar  without  much 
ralevanc*  or  coharenre,  lh«  parccptive  AkuIiIm 
•r«  active,  bat  th«  impr«Mioni  are  mitcon- 
ceireO,  a*  if  lh«y  pataea  Ihrongh  a  diMortinu; 
madlttm,  and  the  reifectiva  powan  ccaae  to  act 
with  anv  degree  of  aftciencj.  Some  of  the 
intermediate  wage*  may  be  easily  recognised; 
iHit  it  it  not  always  passible  to  fix  apon  the 
exact  moment  when  tney  sacoecd  one  another. 
In  lome  penoM  peculiarly  oomtituted,  a  fit  of 
intc«icatioa  presents  few  if  any  of  these  suc- 
cessive stMM,  and  the  mind  rapidly  loses  its 
self-control,  and  f(>r  the  time  is  actually  fren- 
lied,  as  if  in  a  maniacal  pamxysm,  though  the 
amount  of  the  drink  may  be  comparatively 
small.  The  same  pbenomemrii  is  observed 
somcUhtM  in  persons  vho  have  had  some  in- 
jury of  the  head,  who  arc  deprived  of  their 
/eascn  by  the  slightest  indulgence. 

The  habikukl  «base  of  intoxicating  drinks  Is 
nsnally  followed  by  a  palholagiGal  condition  of 
the  bnin,  which  is  manifested  by  a  degree  of 
intellectual  obtutcneM.  and  some  insemibilitv 
to  moral  distinctions  once  readily  discerned. 
The  mind  is  more  exposed  to  Uie  force  oi 
foreign  influences,  and  more  readily  induced  to 
regain  things  in  the  light  to  which  others  have 
directed  tham.  In  others  it  produces  a  perma- 
nent mental  derangement,  wnich,  if  the  person 
continues  to  indulge,  is  easily  mistaken  by 
common  observers  for  the  immediate  effects  of 
h4rd  drinking.  These  two  resnltt-— the  me- 
'  diate  and  the  immediate  effects  of  drinking— 
may  co-e>.itt ;  but  It  is  no  less  necessary  to  dis- 
tingnifih  them  from  each  other,  because  Ihe'r 
leml  consequences  may  be  very  diflennt. 
Moved  bv  the  latter,  a  person  goes  into  the 
street  ana  abuses  ot  assaelts  his  neighbors; 
moved  by  the  former,  the  same  pefson  makes 
his  will,  and  cuts  off  those  who  have  the 
strongest  claims  upon  his  bounty  with  a  shil- 
ling. In  a  iudidal  investigation,  oac  class  of 
witnesses  wUl  attribute  all  his  extravagamw  to 
drink,  while  aaother  will  see  BOthing  in  then 
but  Uie  effect  of  insanity.  The  medical  jurist 
should  not  be  misked  pf  cither  paitv,  bnt  b« 
able  to  rcSsr  each  panficular  act  to  its  proper 
source. 

Another  icnaikable  form  of  dmnktancss  is 
called  dipsomania.  Rathar  suddenly,  and 
perhaps  without  much  preliminary  indelgencts, 
a  person  manifests  an  Insatiable  tlunt  for  strong 
drink,  which  no  consideratioRSof  propria^  or 
prudence  can  induce  Um  to  omtrm.  He 
generally  retires  to  soa«  seduded  pbca,  md 
there,  during  a  period  at  afew  d^  nr  w«d(s, 
1»  BWallom  enonoow  quaulities  of  llqnor, 
until  hit  stomadi  refcaes  to  bear  anyaoce. 
Vomitfaig  succeeds,  followed  by  aiduneei,  die- 
presskm,  and  disgust  for  all  Iptoriaaing  drinks. 

tt-Bf4sML  MSL  Mso.  Hj  n  {  ll«*  «s  la  MM.  I{. 

jiumt.  dha^  14.     H  VsfcCll.  ».•   i«  Id.  n.     an- 

'Et.|«)S.    9-Mam.Cr.*.   %4m$0iif,Ui  uCmk. 


This  aflcctioA  Is  often  pcrtedleal,  the  paroxysms 
recurring  at  periods  varying  from  three  montlia 
to  several  veaii.  Sometimes  the  indulgence  ii 
more  continuous  and  limited,  sufficient,  how- 
ever, to  derange  the  mind,  without  producing 
sickness,  and  equally  beyond  control.  Dipso- 
mania mav  result  from  moral  causes,  such  u 
anxiety,  dnappointmenl,  grief,  sense  of  respon- 
sibility ;  or  physical,  consisting  chiefly  of  soma 
anomalous  rondltion  of  the  stomach.' 

The  common  law  shows  but  lltils  dispoaitlon 
to  afford  relief,  either  in  civil  or  criminal  ooaet, 
from  the  Immediate  effects  of  drunkennesa.  It 
hss  never  considered  drunkenness  alone  as 
a  sufficient  reason  for  invalidating  any  act. 
When  carried  so  far  as  to  deprive  the  nait^  of 
all  consdousnass,  strong  presumption  of  frmd  is 
raised;  and  on  that  gronnd  ooartt  may  inter- 
fere.' Drunkennaes  In  such  •  degree  as  to 
render  the  testttor  unconscions  of  what  ka  is 
about,  or  lers  capable  of  resisting  the  influence 
of  others,  avoids  a  will.*  In  action  for  torts, 
(*.ninkennesa  is  not  regarded  as  a  leason  for 
mitigating  damages.*  And  courts  of  amity 
decline  to  Interfere  in  fiivur  of  panics  nieaaing 
inloxicatioa  in  the  performance  «t  a  civil  act.* 
The  law  does,  however,  recognise  two  kinds 
of  inccliMtble  drunkennns.  vis.  i  that  which  is 
producea  by  the  "  anskilialness  of  his  physi- 
cian," and  that  which  is  produced  by  the 
"  contrivance  of  encmlea."*  To  this  may  be 
added  cases  where  a  party  drinks  no  more 
liquor  than  he  haa  hsibitttalty  used  without 
being  intoxicated,  and  which  exerts  an  nnu«u- 
ally  potent  effect  on  the  brain  in  consequence 
of  cerjkin  patholccieal  conditions.* 

EccHVMoaia.   See  Dba.th,  above. 

Emimion  is  the  act  of  siinding  out  or  throw- 
ing from  the  body  any  maUer  woatever,  at  the 
emission  of  urine,  cnisiiao  of  semen,  etc. 
Emisdon  is  not  necessary  in  the  eommlasion 
of  a  rape  to  complete  the  offence.'  It  m, 
however,  eoential  in  the  oflience  of  sodomy.* 

Emmbnaoowis.    See  AaoarioN,  above. 

EMaBMTB.    See  Pkionancv,  above. 

EnucKY  is  the  {riling  rieknaas;  so  eali«(> 
becaioe  the  patient  ialU  snddenW  to  tk<< 
ground ;  it  is  a  disease  dnnwieiiaea  by  gen 
eral  mnscuhr  agitation  ooeasioned  by  elonie 
qiasais  (that  is.  spaMas,tn  which  the  iwades, 
or  mnscuhur  UMea,~coritr«et  and  relax  •Itar- 
tialdyin  qnidt  tuccewlan,  jprodndng  tht  ap- 
pearanoe  of  agitation  withont  aensation  of 
consciousness,  uoA  conwoiily  fWtinritit  at  in- 
tervals.) When  long  oanttnMd  and  vlolmt, 
this  disease  is  veijrrat  to  end  in  denentiai  It 
gradnathr  dattroys  the  aenory,  and  impairs 
the  intact,  as4  it  caw  of  tM  eausea  of  an 
unsound  mind.* 

FonctPB  is  the  act  by  iriiidi  a  criarfnal 
abortian  it  pradneed." 

a-isCo. 36|lNiiaMi«Va.Ciis.|i9.   MVts.qi.w; 

f!  ^-  *%.*5'  l»»'  •'•  «»*»!•    »*•*•  •««•  ^ 
alS:  Cirqr  iM.  Jar.  *i|. 


l«  varying  from  thrt«  monthi 
SomctlmM  tk*  indulganct  U 
•nd  limited,  Miflcitnl,  how- 
he  mind,  wiihovl  jiraducing 
Jljr  bajrond  conuof.  Dipio- 
from  monJ  caiuct,  Mich  u 
kmant,  grief,  khm  of  rtapon- 
a\,  conuMing  chielW  of  tome 
Ml  of  the  ■tonMch." 
w  thowe  but  little  dfaqmeition 
lier  In  civil  or  ctrimlmu  oaMt, 
e  cffecu  of  dmnkeueie.  It 
lered  drunkennem  elone  as 
n  for  invalidatinf  any  Ml. 
ar  at  to  deprive  the  puty  of 
Krong  preaiimptlon  of  fnind  it 
lat  groend  oovna  may  Inltr- 
Ha  in  tttch  a  degitc  aa  to 
r  Mooniwloea  of  what  ke  It 
Ue  of  reaitling  the  inflncnce 
\  will."  In  action  for  toitt, 
It  regarded  at  a  reaion  ibr 
n.*  And  oottita  of  wity 
\  in  fiivgr  of  paitlea  nhmding 
I  perfannanoe  of  a  ctvU  act.* 
wever,  recogniae  t»c  klndt 
ikenMM.  vis.  i  that  which  it 
'•  antkllfnlneia  of  hit  phyii- 
which  it  prodnoed  l^  the 
nemiet."*  To  thia  may  be 
re  a  party  drinki  no  more 
aa  habitually  uted  without 
and  which  eserti  an  unutu- 
m  the  brain  in  cooicquence 
ical  conditioni.< 
Sec  DiA,TH,  above, 
act  of  tonding  out  or  throw- 
any  maUer  wmtever,  n  th« 
B,  emitiloii  of  lemeiiy  etc. 
leceiiaiy  in  the  coamnaiion 
nplata  the  oflenee.'  It  tt, 
in  the  offence  of  aodomy.* 
I.  See  AeoKTioM,  above. 
B  PaaoNANCY,  above. 
i  fidlinc  aickneM)  lo  uJM 
ent  tuL  anddenlv  to  thi* 
aeaae  dMunwtoriaea  by  gen 
tatioa  oecnaioMd  by  donie 
wamatK  wbidi  the  mwKlwt 
a,~coritnet  and  relax  ailer- 
tccemlBn,  jprodMcing  tk*  ap- 
ttloa  witboMt  aamatioa  oi 
I  cMMwmly  reewrrl^f  at  in- 
ong  ooMinMd  and  violnit, 
'  apt  to  end  is  doMenlia.  It 
I  die  memory,  and  fanpirin 
!•  OMof  tM  cattMa  m  an 


M  Mt  by  wUdi  a  crtariml 
sd.» 


jMKabf 


tt  t  Me  I  Hal.  rij 


I  vt.  Cm.  mr. 
«•  >»  4t  I. 


LAW. 


5>3 


F<BTVI  ii  the  haman  being  from  the  lime  iu 
parts  are  dittlnctly  formed  until  Ut  hirth ;  an 
unlxim  child  {  an  infant  in  iu  mother'*  womb. 
Until  about  the  middle  of  the  fourth  month 
it  li  vailed  embryo.  At  that  time  the  <lcyelo(>- 
ineni  of  the  principal  organt  bet{inii  to  l«e 
evident  and  they  pNient  tomclhing  of  their 
iniiiure  form. 

Although  it  It  often  important  to  know  the 
t|{e  of  the  foelut,  there  u  great  difficulty  in 
*»c«trtalning  the  lact  with  the  precision  required 
ill  omrtt  of  law.  Nothing  on  thit  subject  can 
he  learned  tolely  froir  its  weight,  ilie,  or  pro- 
i;ret«  towards  maturity. 

The  great  dlArcnce  between  children  at  birth, 
M  regarda  their  weight  and  tlie,  it  an  indication 
of  their  condition  while  within  the  womb,  and 
iH  a  sulHcient  evidence  that  nothing  can  be  de- 
cided at  to  the  age  of  the  fcitut  uf  itt  weight 
Mill  site  at  diMerenI  periodt  of  iu  eiitlence. 

Thnotanda  of  healthy  infantt  have  been 
weighed  immedEately  alter  birth,  and  the  ex- 
irvmea.  have  been  found  to  be  two  and 
ei)(hteen  pounds.  It  it  very  rare  indeed  to 
lind  any  weighing  m  little  at  two  pounds,  but 
by  no  meant  uncommon  to  find  them  weighing 
four  pounds.  So  it  is  with  the  length,  which 
vsriee  at  much  a*  that  of  the  adult  doea  from 
the  average  height  of  the  race. 

Neither  can  anything  positive  be  learned 
from  the  progress  oil  development;  for  although 
the  condition  of  the  bonea,  cartilages,  and  other 
parts  will  generally  mark  with  tcwraUe  accur- 
acy the  age  of  a  healthy  feetua,  yet  an  ancer- 
lainty  willartoe  when  it  it  found  lo  be  unhealthy. 
It  hat  been  dearly  proved,  fay  nnanerout  dit- 
wctiont  of  new-born  children,  that  the  Hoetut 
is  snbjeet  lo  diseases  which  interfere  with  the 
proper  farmaiion  of  parts,  exhibitiag  traces  of 
prevMMW  departure  from  health,  which  had 
interfered  with  the  proper  formatkm  of  partt 
and  arrested  the  woceaa  of  develimncnt. 

Inlaieatingat  the  different perioM  of  develop- 
ment may  be  to  the  lAikMOBUcal  inquirer,  they 
cannot  be  of  much  value  in  legal  inquirlct,  flrom 
their  eilreme  uncertainty  ia  denoting  prcciaely 
(he  age  of  the  fcMua  by  UBerring  eondiiiont. 

GniTATION  it  the  period  during  which  a 
woman  cairiet  y.-Hti^  in  her  womb,  nom  con- 
vepuoa  to  delivery}  it  It  pregnancy.  This 
directly  involves  the  queitkm  oi  the  duration 
of  prcgnaBcy,  queationa  concerning  which  most 
frequently  ooeur  in  catet  of  contcaled  legiti- 
macy. That  which  is  termed  the  wmmZ/wWa/ 
of  pregnancy  ia  ton  lunar  montha,  forty  weeks, 
two  hundrKi  and  eighty  days,  equal  to  ahottt 
nine  calendar  month*  and  one  week.  One 
queetioa  that  hat  here  been  audi  ditoHted  is 
whether  the  period  of  gcstatiow  bat  a  fixed 
limit,  or  ki  capable  of  being  ctmtracted  or  pro- 
tncted  beyond  the  tttual  term.  Many  have 
ckimed  that  the  laws  of  nature  on  this  subject 
are  imiAiilable,  and  that  the  feetty,  at  a  fixtd 
period,  baa  received  all  the  nowfithment  of 

V-MaeMBMery  Viet.  «•«■    w-Ceka  Uti.  n*  I.    x- 
)ir»wa  Ck.  949;  (Uinkw  Pewati case,  Le  MatchaM 


which  it  it  susceptible  from  the  mother,  and 
becomes  as  it  were  a  foreign  body.  Its  expul- 
sion if,  therefore,  •  physical  ncccully.  Otners 
claim,  and  with  stronger  reaxons,  that  as  all 
the  functions  of  the  human  body  that  have  been 
carefully  observed  are  variable,  and  tometimes 
within  wide  limits,  and  as  many  obnervations 
and  experiments  in  reference  to  the  cow  and 
horse  have  established  the  fact  that  in  the 
period  of  ut<ro-ges(«lion  there  is  more  varia- 
tion with  them  than  in  the  human  species,  there 
should  remain  no  doubt  that  this  period  in  the 
latter  is  always  liable  to  variation.  There  are 
some  w>  Mien  to  whom  it  is  peculiar  always  to 
have  the  normal  time  of  delivery  anUcipalcd 
by  two  or  three  weeks,  so  that  they  never  go 
beyond  the  end  of  the  thirty-seventh  or  thirty- 
eighth  week,  for  several  pregnandes  in  succes- 
sion.* So,  alao,  there  are  many  cases  esub- 
lishing  the  fact  that  the  uaual  period  it  some- 
tlmea  exceeded  by  one,  two,  or  more  weeks, 
the  limits  of  which  it  it  difficult  or  impoMible 
to  determine.  Lord  Coke  seems  inclined  to 
adopt  a  perempioiy  rule  that  forty  weeks  is  the 
longest  time  allowed  by  law  lor  gestation.* 
But  although  the  law  of  tome  countries  pr«- 
icribes  the  lime  from  conception  within  which 
the  child  mutt  be  bom  to  oe  legitimate,  that 
of  England  and  America  fixes  no  precise  limit, 
but  admita  the  poatibility  of  the  birth's  occur- 
ring previona  or  tufaaeqaent  to  the  uiual  time. 
The  lollowiiw  an  catea  in  which  thit  quctiion 
will  be  found ditcoiaed.*    See  Bikth,  above; 

PllEONANCY,  below. 

Coirr  ia  an  inflammation  of  the  fibrQut  and 
ligamentooa  parU  of  the  Joint*  |  it  it  a  chronic 
duease  occurring  by  paroxyaata;  the  parox- 
ysms exacerbating  f  increatins  ita  violence)  and 
remitting.  It  contittt  eesennally  in  a  perfectly 
tpecific  and  topical  f  local)  iafiammation,  hav- 
ing  iu  tegular  aeat  in  the  lantest  joint  of  the 
great  toe;  and  an  equally  apccinc  and  peculiar 
constitutioiul  febrile  (fever)  aflection.  The 
forms  of  thit  dbeaae  are  vcrjr  irregular,  nume»' 
ous,  and  varioua.  In  catea  of  hwunnce  on  lives, 
when  there  ia  warranty  of  death,  a  man  lubject 
to  gout  is  capable  of  being  inaured,  if  he  bna 
no  sickneta  at  the  tine  to  make  it  an  uneqiwl 
contract.' 

HALLUaNATiQM  itUM  Ikolty  teoM  of  errone- 
ous imagination.  Hallndnatumt  of  the  senses 
arise  from  some  defect  ia  the  organs  of  sense, 
or  from  tome  anunul  drcnmstaaces  attending 
the  object  Th^y  are  aometfaaea  symptoms  of 
l^eneral  diieate,  aa  in  feveia.  Maniacal  hallu- 
cinationa  arise  fitoaa  tome  imi^nary  or  mistaken 
idea;  sfaailar  haOudnationa  occur  in  revery. 
Thia  state  of  the  mind  ia  aomelimet  called  delu- 
aion.  or  waking  dttema.  An  attempt  bat  been 
made  to  dialiognith  hallndnationt  iirom  -illu- 
aiona;  the  former  are  taid  to  be  dependent  upon 
the  state  of  the  Intellectual  organs,  and  the  lat- 
ter on  tint  of  acnae.*    An  instance  ia  given 


Report!  OrokaJacMS:  y Haaard,  RaglsMr ef  fMa. 


!••■••).    IsJUTMeiL  J;w. 


4F 


lpp6i 


m 


LAW. 


of  •  temporaiy  halludiMUlon  of  Ben  Jonwm. 
H«  told  •  frimd  thia  h«  had  tpcnl  manv  a  nighl 
in  IooMm  at  hUgrtat  toe,  about  which  h«  had 
IMA  T«ru  and  Taitara,  Romans  and  Carthagt- 
Riani,  fight  in  hit  imagination.*  This  •xampte 
Is  unfair  both  to  Jonson  and  iht  reader,  lor  it 
seems  tortured  out  of  merely  casual  rcAiarks  of 
this  eminent  pa«<.  If,  instead  of  being  tempo- 
rary, (his  affection  is  permanent,  then  it  may  be 
considered  insanity. 

IlKKMAPHRODiTn  are  human  beiiij  who 
have  in  appearance  (he  sexual  organs  oi  tioth 
sexes,  having  the  parts  of  generation  of  boih 
male  and  female.  Hermaphrodites  are  ad- 
judged to  belong  to  that  sex  which  prevails  In 
them.*  The  several  characteristics  of  the  huraar. 
spscies  aire  widely  separated,  and  the  two  sexes 
are  never,  perhapa,  united  in  the  aune  indi- 
vidual.* Cases  of  malformation,  however, 
sometimes  are  found,  iu  which  it  k  rm  difR- 
cult  tp  decide  to  which  sei  the  pefsoa  belongs.* 

HuNGEK.    See  Death  raoM,  above. 

Idiocy  is  a  natural  defect  of  the  undentand- 
Iiigl  a  form  of  insanity  rcanlting  thber  from 
congenital  (natural)  defect  or  some  obstacle  to 
the  development  of  the  facnllics  in  infancy.  It 
always  implies  some  defect  or  disease  of  the 
tvain,  which  is  generally  amaller  thaa  Ike 
^ndard  sise  and  irregular  in  its  shape  and 
proportion*.  Occasionally  the  head  it  unnat- 
uraily  large,  being  distended  by  water.  The 
senses  are  very  imperfect  at  bnt,  and  one  or 
more  are  often  entirely  wanting.  None  can 
articulate  more  than  a  few  words  t  while  many 
utter  only  erica  or  mutterM  aounds.  Some 
mnVe  known  their  wants  by  signi  or  aounds 
which  are  intelligible  to  those  WM  have  charge 
of  them.  The  head,  the  feature*,  the  espres- 
sion,  the  movemetita,  all  convey  the  idea  of 
extreme  mental  deAdcncy.  The  reflcetWe  fac- 
ulties are  entirely  wanting,  whereby  they  are 
utterly  incapable  of  any  effort  of  reasoning. 
The  percer^iva  fecolties  vxiu  in  n  venr  limited 
degree,  and  bene*  they  m*  iMiderea  cwpable 
of  being  improved  Mai9what  by  education,  anj 
redeenied,  in  some  meaatire,  from  tbeir  brntish 
condition.  They  brve  been  led  into  habits  of 
propriety  and  deccitty,  ham  been  tangbt  some 
of  the  elements  of  leaminK,  and  have  teamed 
some  of  the  coaner  inaaatTkl  occupationa. 
The  moral  tentioeats,  avdi  aa  setf'esteem,  love 
of  a].-;>rotMtiaii,  venoratioo,  bvoevolence,  are 
not  unfrequently  BMSifiBalea ',  while  some  pro- 
pensitiss,  tucfa  fif  canninib  doMractiveneaa, 
sexual  impnlse,  treiMurtknliHi/  active. 

In  tome  paru  or  Enn^  »  form  of  idiocy 
pKvaila  asdemicaltv  (In  «  niMaer  peculiar  to 
a  people  cr  MtioDV  wIM  cretiawn.  It  is 
associated  with  diieiiae  or  defective  d^vdop- 
ment  of  other  organa  bciidcs  the  head.  Cretins 
are  short  in  ataXore,  their  limba  aie  attewMtcd, 
the  belly  tuntid,  the  neck  thick.   The  muaoihur 

•^iCoSyertn.  ]#•  VCe.  U(t.«,y  >  Daeisitei*.  Civ. 
Uv.  >,  1. 1,  I  t,  n.  g.  C-i  Dnsi^mmi  Horn.  Phvulol. 
J»«»  »J?**a*iJ?'''»tl'"^  4-9»«  Med.  Exam. 
J14;  I  Brbird  il^L  Vm.  Ch.Ni,  Art.  ;fi»-  ■:  ff^rr 


system  is  feeble,  and  fheir  voluntary  movrmenti 
restrained  and  undecided.  The  power  of  lan- 
■uage  Is  very  imperfect,  If  not  enlirelv  wanting. 
In  the  least  degraded  forms  of  this  disease,  Ihe 
pcrccMtvc  powers  may  be  somewhat  developed, 
and  the  individual  may  evince  some  (iilent  at 
music  or  construction.  In  SwitMrland  Ihey 
make  parts  of  watches.  Unlike  idiocy,  cretin 
ism  is  not  congenital,  W  is  gradually  dttel 
oped  in  the  early  years  of  childhood.  It  is 
owing  chiefly  to  atmtJtphrrical  causes,  and  is 
transmitted  from  one  generation  to  another. 
Both  idiocy  and  cretinism  exhibit  various  de- 
grees of  mental  deficiency,  but  they  never  ap- 
proximate to  any  dencriplion  of  men  supposed 
lo  he  rational,  nor  can  any  amount  of  educa^n 
efface  the  chasm  which  separates  them  frnm 
their  belter-endowed  fellow-men.  The  older 
law-writer*,  whose  observation  of  mental  mani- 
festationa  was  not  very  profound,  thought 
it  necesaarv  to  have  soff.e  lest  of  idiocy; 
and  accordingly  Fiisherbert  says,  "  If  he  have 
sufKcient  nnderslanding  to  know  and  under- 
stand his  letter*,  and  lo  read  by  leaching  or  in- 
formation, he  is  not  an  idiot."*  Again,  he  says, 
"A  man  is  not  an  idiot  if  he  hath  any  glimmer- 
ing of  reason,  so  that  he  can  tell  his  psrenis 
his  age,  or  the  like  common  maiicn."  Ilw 
inference  was,  no  doubt,  that  such  a  man  la  re- 
sponsible for  his  criminal  acts.  At  the  present 
day  such  an  idea  would  not  be  cnlenained  for 
a  moment,  nor  are  we  awar.^  of  iiny  case  on 
record  of  an  Idiot  sttfUering  capital  punfathment. 
Of  course,  they  are  totally  incapable  of  any 
civil  acts;  but  in  this  counlnr — in  some  of  Ihe 
States,  at  least — they  would  not  be  debarred 
from  exerdsing  the  right  of  sullVage.  See  In- 
•ANITY,  below. 

Illusion  is  deceptive  appearance ;  It  Is  a 
species  of  mania,  in  which  lh»  senolbtliiy  of 
the  nervous  system  ii  altercdi  excited,  jcr- 
verted,  or  weakened.  The  patient  is  deceived 
by  the  false  appearance  01  thin^,  and  bis 
reason  is  not  samcienllv  jic^lvc  and  powerful  to 
correct  the  error;  and  this  last  particviBr  k 
what  distinguishes  the  sane  from  th.;  inaane. 
Illusion*  art  not  nnfre^wen^  }n  :  «tnle  of  health, 
but  reason  correctM  the  tn&r  and  d<nipaies 
them.  A  aquare  tower,  Men  from  a  .  lance, 
may  ■ppcar  round,  but  on  approaching  it  the 
error  la  corrected.  A  dittant  mountain  may 
be  taken  for  •  cloud,  but  as  we  api>rt>ach'  we 
diacoyer  the  truth.  To  a  penon  in  the  cabin 
of  a  vessel  under  sail,  the  shore  appesn  to 
moy«;  *j«t  leftection  and  »  closer  eaactinalion 
soon  destroy  thia  ilhisioa.  An  imane  indi- 
vidual ii  mistaken  on  the  qualities,  ccmnectioaa, 
and  cauaea  ^f  th«  inpreaaloas  he  actually  re- 
ceivcs^  and  he  fbnns  wrong  jui^cntt  as  to 
his  internal  and  external  sensftilmis;  and  bia 
reason  doea  not  correct  the  error.'  See  Hal- 
LvaNATiON,  above. 

*»  .-  WlMrtm  ft  8.  M«l.  Inr.  (M  C4.>«o(,Wm. 
••Nawn  Biwrnm,  S«|.  f-i  Bwk.  Med.  jur.  »]$ :  g*. 
qulrtd  MwMlei  Mentala,  mJm.  partl«.  iH,  teae  i,  p. 
«»:    ^*^*<*-  Sclcacf*  IMdicaK  »limimiUi, 


I 

1' 

I' 


l)i«lr  voluntary  movcmenU 
itied.  The  power  of  Ian- 
ct.  If  not  entirely  wanting. 
I  fonni  of  this  dWate,  the 
>y  be  Mimcwhat  developed, 
may  evince  (ome  tHJcnl  at 
iin.  In  Switiertand  they 
i*.  Unlike  idiocy,  cretin 
il,  iMit  U  gradually  dt\f.\ 
fenn  of  cnildhood.  It  ii 
io*|)hrrical  cauick,  and  U 
ic  generation  to  another, 
linitm  exhibit  voriout  de- 
ciency,  but  they  never  ap- 
icription  of  nten  suppuacd 
n  any  amount  of  education 
Kich  tefiaratea  them  from 
I  fellnwmcn.  Ilic  older 
baervaiion  of  mental  mani- 
very  profound,  thought 
«  KM-.a  teat  of  idiocy  ( 
herbert  laya,  "  If  he  have 
ling  to  know  and  under- 
1  to  read  by  teaching  or  in- 
in  idiot."*  Again.heiwya, 
ol  if  he  hath  any  glimmer- 
kt  he  can  tell  hit  parents 

common  mattcn."  1h* 
ubt,  that  such  a  man  i«  rc- 
ninal  acta.  At  the  present 
aid  not  be  entertained  for 
are  awar<j  of  iiny  cas«  on 
llierinjr  capital  punishment. 

totally  incapable  of  any 
I  country — in  some  of  the 
f  would  not  b«  debarred 
ight  of  suffirage.    See  IN- 

|>ttve  b^ip«trance ;  it  ia  a 
which  th«'  sen»lbility  of 
is  allercdi  excited,  jx-r- 
The  patient  is  deceived 
«nce  m  thin^,  end  bb 
itiv  jiicMyc  and  powerful  to 
md  this  last  partic«iar  ia 
he  sane  from  ik.;  insane, 
etiuen^  !n  -  state  of  health, 
the  erro',''  and  dinipaies 
ver,  xtn  from  a ' .  tance, 
lut  on  approachini^  It  the 
\  distant  mountain  may 
,  btit  as  we  u)|>roach'  we 
To  a  person  in  the  cabin 
ail,  the  shore  appeian  to 
and  •  cloaer  esa&^ination 
Ivsion.  An  insane  indi- 
I  the  qiulitics,  ocmnectloaa, 
ipreaaiona  h«  actuaUy  re- 
s  wrong  judiimcnta  as  to 
emal  aensiillons;  and  kia 
Kt  the  error.'    See  Hal- 

M.  ^.  (M  K4.>«o*,/^jM. 

r-i  Bwk.  M«d.  jur.  (3$ :  b- 

•,  tffm.  pant*,  IH,  t«aM  >,  p. 

rs  VCdicalw.  H»limimMf, 


LAW. 


w 


iMaaciLiTT  is  waakiMaai  want  ot  strength) 
ilie   vigor  that   Miuliy  belongs  to  men,  and 


rcrltleneaa  of  body  and 


eat  wai 
■Midi 


not  possesaing 


winch  la  neceaaary  to  tlM  due  parCarmanca  uf 
the  fondiona  of  the  body  and  inieUect.  It  may 
be  natural,  or  induced  bv  violence  or  diseane. 
It  may  be  csogenital  (nataral)  or  resulting 
from  an  obstacle  to  the  development  of  the 
facuhiea,  aapenrening  in  infancy. 

(ienendlr,  il  ia  manifested  both  in  the  intel- 
lectual ana  moral  faculties;  bui  occasionally 
it  il  limited  to  the  latter,  vl>e  former  being  but 
little,  if  at  all,  below  the  ordinary  standard. 
Hence  it  ia  distinguishr  '  into  intellectual  and 
moral.  In  the  former  tlKtw  are  seldom  any  of 
lite  repulaive  fmtures  of  idiocy,  the  head,  Mce, 
limbs,  movements,  being  scarcely  distinguisb- 
il>le,  at  first  sight,  from  thote  of  the  race  at 
Urge.  The  senses  are  not  manifestly  deficient, 
nor  the  power  of  articulation  t  though  the  use 
of  langtiacB  may  be  very  limited.  The  per- 
ceptive Csciiltiea  exhibit  some  activity;  and 
tbuf  (be  more  obviuns  qualities  of  things  are 
observed  and  r*nt«mb«rM.  Sia^ile  industrial 
operalious  are  w  :Jl  Dcrfonaed,  and.  generally, 
whatever  requires  out  littls  intelligence  is 
resdify  acoompiished.  Occasionally  a  solitary 
fculty  is  promiaently,  even  wonderfully  devel- 
oped,-—the  penoa  excdling,  tot  Instance,  in 
music,  in  arithmetical  oalciilations,  or  roe- 
chaaical  riiill,  fcr  Iwyond  the  ordinary  aeasare. 
For  any  piooeaa  of  reaaoning,  or  any  general 
observation  or  abstract  ideu.  imbadlea  are 
toully  incompetent  Of  law,  jualico,  laorality, 
propeity,  tbey  have  hut  a  varr  imperfect  notion. 
Some  or  tbe  affeetive  facoluea  are  nsaally  ac- 
tive, paiticalarly  tboae  which  lead  to  evil 
habits,  tbiering,  incendiarism,  drunkenness, 
homicide,  aaaaults  on  wooaca. 

The  kind  of  mental  defect  ben  Besrtioned 
if  universal  ia  imbecility,  but  it  cxbta  ia  dif- 
ferent degrees  ia  difcrent  imUvidmla,  some 
being  haMly  diitiagaiababU.  at  frst  dgitt.  Awn 
ordinary  tnaa  of  fsebla  aadowmonla,  while 
others  enooacb  tipoa  tbe  liaa  wUcb  aepaiatea 
:hem  from  idiocy. 

The  various  gradet  of  imbecility,  however 
interesting  t  a  pUleiophieal  point  gf  view,  are 
not  very  tiuaely  oonsiderad  by  courts.  They 
sre  govcrnv/l  in  criminal  caaos  solely  Inr  their 
lesu  of  reapoaaibility,  and  ia  dvil  caaca  by  the 
amount  of  capacitir,itt  coanection  with  tbe  act  in 
question,  or  tbe  abatiact  qneatioa  of  soundness 
ur  HMMMndaeas. 

1  -:'£biag  tbe  qaaatian  of  respoatibili^,  the 
law  «akes  no  distisctida  between  imbecility 
and  inaaaitf.* 

Ia  civil  caaea,  the  tOnt  of  imbecility  is  dif- 
ferently catimatad.  In  cases  involving  the 
validity  of  tba  aoatnett  of  imbecile  persons, 
crarta  bava  dedbnd  to  (•■(«  tbe  measure  of 
their  intellects,  the  only  question  with  them 
being  one  of  aotutians  or  ansoundness,  and 

r 

1;.  •tUm- 


Conar..  us ;'  Smiy  Caatr.  |  sf ;  4 


"  no  distinction  being  made  between  iirportant 
and  common  aflkin,  large  or  small  pruuerty."* 
Cc"7tt  of  equity,  aiso,  have  declined  to  in- 
validate the  contracts  of  imbeciles,  exce|it  on 
the  ground  of  frsud.*     Of  lata  years,  however, 
courts  have  been  governed  by  other  considera- 
tions.    If  the  contract  were  for  necesxarie),  or 
showed  no  mark  of  fraud  or  unfair  advantage, 
or  if  the  other  purty,  acting  in  griod  fniih  and 
Ignorant  of  the  other's  mental  Infirmity,  can- 
not be  put  into  Ua/m  ^N«,the  contract  is  valid.* 
The    same  principles    have  governed    the 
courts  in  cases  involving  the  validity  of  the 
marriage  contract.    If  suitsble  to  the  conililion 
and  circuroalanccs  of  the  party,  and  mnnifestlv 
tending  to  his  benefit,  it  has  been  confirmed, 
notwithstanding  a  considerable  dcrrce  of  in- 
competency.    If,  On   the   other   haiid,  it   has 
been  procured  by  im|)roper   influences,  mani- 
festly for  the  advantage  of  the  other  party,  it 
has  been  invalidated.*    The   law  has  always 
showed  more  favor  to  the  wills  of  imbeciles 
than  to  their  contracts.     "  If  a  man  be  of  a 
mean  understand ing,  neither  of  the  wise  sort 
nor  of  tba  foolbh,  but  indifferent,  as  it  were, 
betwixt  a  wise  man  and  a  fool — yea,  though  he 
rather  incline  to  the  foolish  sort,  so  that  for  his 
dull  capacity  he  might  worthily  be  called  ^m- 
mm  ea/tU  (a  dull  pate),  or  a  dunce— such  a 
one  b  not  prohibited  to  make  a  testament."* 
Whether  the  testament  be  established  or  not, 
depends  upon  the  circumstances  of  the  case; 
and   the    English   eccleiiiastical    courts  have 
always  assumed  a  great  deal  of  libertyin  their 
construction  of  these  circumstances.    The  gen- 
eral principle  is  that  if  the  will  cxhibiu  a  wlie 
and  prudent  dbpoaition  of  property,  and  is  un- 
questionably the  wilt  of  the  testator,  and  not 
another's,  it  should  be  established  in  the  face 
of  no  inconsiderable  deficiency.'    Very  differ- 
ent views jnevailed  in  a  celebrated  case  in  New 
York.*    The  mental  capacity  must  be  equal  to 
the  act;  nnd  if  that  fact  be  esuLlished,  and  no 
unfair  advantage  have  been  taken  of  the  men- 
tal deficiency,  tbe  will,  tbe  marriage,  the  con- 
tract, or  whatever  it  may  bfe,  is  beldto  be  valid. 
Tbe  term  moral  imbecility  is  applied  to  a 
claas  of  parsons  who,  without  any  conaiderable, 
or  even  appreciable,  deficiency  of  intellect, 
seem  to  have  never  been  endowed  with  the 
higher  moral  sentiments.    They  are  unable  to 
appreciate  AUly  the  dittinctions  of  right  and 
wrong,  and,  according  to  their  several  oppor- 
tunities and  tastes,  ttev  indulge  in  miKhief  as 
if  by  an  instinct  of  their  nature.    To  vice  and 
crime  tlia^  have  an  irreaistU>le  proclivity,  though 
able  to  discourse  on  the  beauties  of  virtue  and 
the  claims  of  moral  oUigation.    White  young, 
many  of  then  manifeat  a  cruel  and  quarrelsome 
dispasitioo,  which  leads  tbem  to  torture  brutes 
ana  bally  their  companions.    They  set  all  law 
and  admoBitioo  at  defiance,  and  become  a  pest 
and  a  terror  to  the  neighborhood.    It  is  worihy 
of  notice,  because  the  fitct  throws  much  tight 

*»'  V"  ^*'-  J?-  "»•  J*JSl*'?*!r?i  ^*^>  ^«»«i 
s.  4.    ^4  Hogg.  1I4.   g^  Wsad.  N.  Y.  s}«. 


f 


.1  "j 


S^W^S^^llll^ffl 


i&m 


LAW. 


ON  (Im  natura  of  thhi  condltloa.  Itwt  a 
lurM  profMxtion  of  this  clw*  of  panmit  labor 
under  MMM  orgMilc  dtfcct.  1  h«y  tr*  tcrofu- 
lout,  rickflty,  or  •pittptlc,  iir.  If  not  ohviowily 
«uff«ring  froNi  iImhh)  ditMM*  thcmMlves,  ihev 
•rt  horn  of  {wr«nls  who  did.  Th«ir  progcnl- 
(i>r«  may  have  bMn  imana,  or  eccantric,  or 
hliihly  ncrrout,  and  Ihti  morbid  peculiarity  ha« 
hacoma,  unquatUonably,  by  hereditary  tran»- 
miuion,  the  aflkicnt  cauta  of  the  moral  defect 
under  contlderalton.  Thiu  lamentably  conMl- 
tuie<l,  wanting  in  one  of  the  eaaantlal  elcmenu 
of  mural  retponaiblllly,  they  are  certainly  not 
At  objects  of  punlthment  i  for  though  thay  may 
reoigniM  the  dittinctiona  of  right  and  wrong 
in  the  abatraci,  yet  they  have  been  denied  by 
nature  thoaa  facaltiea  which  prompt  men  more 
happilv  endowed  to  punue  the  one  and  avoid 
the  other.  In  pnctiee,  however,  they  have 
|ieen  regarded  with  no  bvor  by  the  couiU.*  Sea 
Inianity,  below. 

Impotbnci  It  th«  incapacity  for  cnpulalion 
or  for  profMgating  the  apeciea.  It  diilcra  from 
tierllity,  Ihotigh  tnata  terma  have  been  uied 
tynonymoasty.  Impotence  may  be  considered 
ai  accidental  or  temporary,  cnrahia  <»  incur- 
able. Abaolute  or  incurable  impotence  i«  that 
fnr  which  there  la  no  known  relief,  principally 
originating  in  torn*  malformation  or  delect  or 
the  genital  oroana.  Where  Ihia  defect  existed 
§f  ha  time  of  marriage  and  waa  incurable,  by 
{it'j  ecclaaiaatical  law  and  the  law  of  many  of 
the  States,  Iht  narriage  may  be  declared  void 
from  the  beginning.'  But  the  partv  naturally 
Impoiant  cannot  allege  that  fiKt  lor  the  parpoae 
of  obtaining  a  divorced 

iNrANnaDB  it  tk«  matder  of  a  new-born 
infant.  It  it  dittingabhed  from  abortion  and 
foeticide,  which  is  iM  daatr^ction  of  life  while 
,n  the  molhar't  womb.  Tba  crlnlnal  modet 
moat  commonly  retorted  to  to  dettroy  the  life 
of  an  infant  are :  I.  anffbcattoni  a,  drowning; 
3,  cold  and eapoavre;  4,  starvation;  5,  woundb, 
iractnrct,  and  injurie*  of  varioua  kinds;  a 
mode  not  nnfteqacntly  retorted  to  la  the  intro- 
duction of  tbarp-poiated  inatnimei.u  in  diffcr- 
ent  parte  of  the  body;  alto,  Inaation  and  frac- 
ture of  the  Aack,  aqeoapliahed  by  forcibly 
twisting  the  head  of  Um  child,  or  pulling  it 
backwards;  6, atiMigiUation ;  7, poiso  ting;  8, 
intentir.)al  ncg^  «o  tit  the  wnbtlical  cord; 
and, '/,  canaii^  tk*  ckild  to  Inhale  air  deprived 
of  it)  oxygen,  nr  gates  poaitively  daleterioa*. 
All  t.wat  atodea  of  detlroying  Ufe,  together 
with  vS*!  aataral  or  accidental  oaet,  will  be 
(ami  hl'f  dlMOBncd  by  the  wrUan  Mi  medi- 
cal Jarii|uiidaoce.' 

SMM.  ThaeriflMof  laitBtkidaeaBbafiOBi- 
mittcdacSyaftartlMchlldiawhollybora.'  Thit 
qiMMion  tavoleaa  an  inqidrri  I.  IntotlM  algna 
of  mataritjr,  tba  data  for  whicli  afl,  th*  tangth 
an4  weight  of  the  ftetvt,  tBa  ralativ*  poaWkoa 

h-Ka*  Mad.  Inr.  ita-iyt.    KSeM.SIi.  Jtw«M««/l 

-r..  3);  laa.  Mr.  Mn-rOgt.ftr.'itL.  j)i  1 IL  Ombw. 


s  Palai Ch.  5S4i  Uarila  Ri^  An. 
lCl«d.r4yi  tltaf.BacL|Bt.   k> 


of  the  centra  of  its  body,  the  proportional  de- 
velupment  of  iu  teveral  parte  aa  comparnl 
with  each  other,  especially  uf  the  head  aa  com 
pared  with  the  rest  of  the  body,  the  degree  uf 
growth  of  the  hair  and  nailt,  the  condulon  of 
the  skin,  the  presence  or  ahMnca  of  the  mtm- 
*ram*  fmfHlmrit,  and,  in  the' male,  the  descent 
or  non -descent  oif  the  teMicIa*.** 

Li/t.  rtt.  1.  Was  it  burn  alive  1  Thia  second 
point  prner.is  an  inouiry  of  great  Interest  both 
tu  the  legal  and  medical  professions  and  to  tht 
communitv  at  large.  In  the  absence  of  all  di- 
rect proof,  what  organic  facte  proclaim  lh«  ex- 
istence of  life  tubaequent  to  birth  ?  These 
facte  are  derived  principally  from  the  circula- 
tory and  respiratory  systems.  From  the  former 
the  proofs  are  gathered— (hom  the  tkartUr  »/ 
tk*  IUmI,  that  which  ia  purely  foetal  being 
wholly  dark,  like  venotu  blood,  deatitula  of 
fibrous  matter,  and  forming  coagula  mach  lest 
firm  and  solid  than  that  wnich  naa  been  tab- 
jecled  to  the  procesa  of  retpiration ;  so,  also, 
the  coloring-matter  ia  darker,  and  containt  no 
photphorio  acid,  and  Ita  pn^wrtion  of  aarum 
and  red  globalea  it  cooiparativaly  small.  /Was 
tktt^mtUtimtflhtktarttmdklttdvttMb.  The 
circuhUion  anterior  and  snbaequent  to  birth 
mast  aeccasarily  be  entirely  different.  That 
anterior,  by  meant  of  the  foetal  openlngs^— the 
ftranuM  tvmk,  the  dtuhu  arltriotm,  and  the 
duthu  twMafM^—is  enabled  to  perform  ite  cir- 
cuit without  tending  the  entire  maaa  of  the 
blood  to  tha  langt  for  the  parposa  of  oaygena- 
tion.  When  the  extra-uterine  lifo  commence*, 
and  tha  double  circalation  it  establiahed,  Iheie 
openings  gradaally  cloae ;  to  that  their  doaare 
ia  contidered  clear  evidence  of  life  tubaaqaant 
to  birth.*  Pr»m  tk*  difftrmet  in  tht  MUr^u- 
Horn  of  the  blood  in  the  different  organa  of  the 
body.  Tha  two  organr  in  which  thit  dillitrance 
la  moat  peicaptibia  are  the  liver  and  the  langt 
— atpaclally  um  latter.  The  circulation  of  the 
wbola  nwia  of  tha  blood  through  the  tonga  dis- 
tenda  and  llllt  them  with  blood,  to  that  their 
relative  weight  wfU  be  nearly  doubled,  and  any 
incision  into  them  will  be  followed  by  a  free 
cfniaion. 

From  the  rtaplratory  ayatem  nnob  of  Ufa 
aubse<|uent  to  Urth  are  derived,  /^wm  Mr 
th0rax.  Ita  iiae,*aipaidty,  and  arch  'an  in- 
created  by  retpiration.  From  tht  ktmgt. ,  They 
are  incremad  in  aim  and  volnme,  are  prajacted 
forward,  becoma  roanded  and  oUate,  of  a 
pinkith-rtd  hae,  aad  their  dentity  ia  invanely 
aa  their  volama.*  Tkefactof  tha  apadfic  grav- 
ity of  tha  Innffi  being  diminbhed  in  pn|Mrtk>n 
to  their  diminatiQ«  In  dantity  givea  rite  to  a 
calebratod  lail~4ha  kydratlatto— tha  rtlative 
weight  of  tha  hrafi  win  water.*  Tba  rata  is, 
that  limfi  wMch  nava  not  taiahrad  are  tpecific- 
ally  baaviwr  than  walar,  aad  if  placad  witliln  it 

I  ••akMed.  M.M.«(«VX  )^  ¥?f  J^fJ^*** 
we.  /  Kyaa  mm.  Jur.  ittt  Dr.  Cumaiiaa,  Freer  aria- 

ftuMMAsOMridsrsd.     f«  Cafr^i>jM,/ ld.j«t. 

■B-Daaa  Mad.  Jar,  ta*.   m-t  Back  MmI. 

ttf.t  DsaalCaoJfnr.  MB.afNf.    ••Osai 

i4f,«f«f    IMlaeklHd.  Jar.  4||,«faif, 


I  hodjr,  tH«  proportion*!  dr 
i«*tnU  part*  M  comparcil 
McUlty  111  the  haad  m  cmn- 
of  lh«  hoAy,  lh«  ilcgrM  u( 
•nd  naiU,  ilia  comtuiun  of 
ic«  Of  ahMtica  of  th«  mfm- 
id,  in  the  mala,  IIm  daacani 
ha  t«i>«icla»." 

itburnaliva?  Thbtacond 
iciulrv  of  oraat  intaraat  hoih 
dical  prnfcaaioiw  and  to  the 
In  the  abMitca  of  all  di- 
lanlc  facta  proclaim  iha  ex- 
M«i)u«nt  to  birth  ?  ThcM 
rincipally  from  tha  circula- 
'  tydcmt.  From  Iha  former 
ircd~fro(n  tha  tkurmtUr  »/ 
ch  ia  nurclv  fatal  baing 
vanova  blood,  daatlluia  of 

forming  coafula  much  laM 
I  that  which  naa  baan  sab- 
CM  of  raapiratlon  t  to,  alao, 

ii  darkar,  and  contains  no 
nd  its  proportion  of  aanim 
comparativaljr  small.  /Vt»M 
\*arl»»dUtiMlvHMb.  The 
r  and  snbaequant  tt*  birth 

•  antircljr  diffcrcnt.  That 
of  the  (ioeial  openings — the 
duftui  »rt*riatm,  and  tha 
enabled  to  perform  its  cir- 

ig  the  entire  maaa  of  the 
nr  the  parpoaa  of  oxygena- 
itra-ulerinc  life  commencet, 
mlation  is  eslabliahed,  Ikeie 
close ;  so  that  their  closnre 
evidence  of  Hfe  subaaqiMnt 
\t  difftrmt*  in  Ikt  MOrtht- 
a  the  dlffierenl  organa  of  the 
|anf  in  which  this  diffiirence 
•re  the  liver  and  the  Inngt 
ler.  The  circulation  of  the 
Mood  through  the  lungs  di»< 
m  with  blood,  so  that  their 
[  be  nearly  doubled,  and  any 
will  be  followed  by  a  free 

«M7  syetem  prooii  of  Ufa 
th  are  derived.  F^rwm  tki 
ttpscity,  and  arch  ar*  in- 
on.    Fvpmtkthmp. ,  They 

•  and  volnnM,  are  pnijaetcd 
ronnded  and  ohitiac,  of  a 
ad  their  density  is  invcnely 
The  fact  of  the  ^McUk  grav- 
ing diminiibed  in  ptoportion 
I  M  demity  gives  riae  to  a 
M  kydiHtatie— the  rafioive 
I  wim  water.'  The  mle  ia, 
avt  not  rasplrad  are  spccific- 
«tar,  and  ff  |4acad  witfcin  it 


LAW. 


76r.^sj5:!'toJh«': 


i»t  Dr.  Cunta 
V%  Carr.  ft  Y 


>.*M.J 


-JSLlr 


«*«f< 


m**m' 


W 


win  sink  to  (he  kittom  of  the  vawal.  If  thty 
h4»a  mpirad,  iheir  increase  In  volume  «n<l  <ie- 
crMse  in  UenMly  render  ihem  ipcclfically  lighlrr 
lh*n  water,  and  when  pieced  wllhm  il  ihcy 
will  float.  There  are  Mveral  ohjectiona  to  the 
•ufRciency  of  IhU  lc«l|  but  l»  ii  fairly  enlilled 


1.1  lU  due  weight  in  the  setllemcnt  of  this  qu«i 
lion.s  Pr»mtk*iM»»/tK*di*^r»gm.  fyior 
i(.  retplration  It  ta  found  hi|h  up  in  the  thorax. 
The  act  of  aapanding  the  Irniga  cnlargea  and 
•rches  the  Ihoraa,  and,  by  neoesMry  conae- 
'(uriice,  the  diaphn^m  deaoenda. 

The  fact  of  life  at  birth  being  eMabli.hed, 
the  neat  Inquiry  la,  how  long  did  the  child  •ur 
Vive  ?     Theproofs  here  are  derived  from  three 
"ourcas.     Th«  fmtal  •ftninfi,  ihcir  partial  or 
toniplele  closure.    The  more  perfect  the  cloaure, 
ihc  longer  the  time.      Tkt  strut  •f.kann,  in 
ilie  umbilical  cord.    These  are  i  \.  'X\\tu>Uhtr 
mg  of  the  cord.     a.  lu  dttktmlUm  or  ilryimg. 
J    Its  tt^rotim  or  dr^ng  «f~oecurring 
u»uall^  four  or  five  day<  after  birth.    4.  Cu»- 
triMtiam  y  ik*  wiwiMnw— occurring  usually 
r.om  ten   to  twelve   days    after  Urth.     Tk* 
•  h,in/^i  m  tk*  skim,  oonaialing  in  the  proceaa  of 
ixfohailon  of  the  epidermis,  which  oommencea 
<  n  (he  abdomen,  and  extends  thence  succea- 
Mvely  to  the  chMt.  grain,  aailln,  interscapular 
I'acc,  limba,  and,  finally,  to  the  hamb  and  feet. 
INSANITY  ia  vnaoundneas  of  the  mind;  de- 
rangement of  the  lr:eilect|   it  U  any  degree 
of  mental  derangement,  from  a  slight  degree 
«r  wandering  lo  distraction.      Thto  term   is 
nrely  used  to  express  slight  temporary  de- 
lirium.     Of  late  years  this  word  h*i  been 
iiied  to  designate  all  mental  impairmenU  and 
ilv.icienciea  formerly  embraced  in  the  terms 
iMHat)/,    Uwey,   and    utummdmtit  0/  mind. 
Kven  lo  the  middle  of  the  last  century  me  law 
rccojfniaed  only  two  duMes  of  person:  reauir- 
inK  lU  protection  on  the  score  of  mcnul  dis- 
order, vi4. 1  ktmmiia  and  Mm//.     The  former 
were  supposed  lo  embraoe  aU  whr  had  loat  the 
reMon  which  thm  once  possessed,  and  their 
•l'«ord«  was  eaM  dtnumtm  tutidtmimlU:  the 
*^^T'^}^7^  "^  "^^  possessed  any  reason, 
«nd  this  dcfkieney  WM  oalled  itmtnHm  mmtu- 
r»lu.    Uinaties  were  supposed  to  be  much  in- 
fluenced bjr  the  ■K>oa(  and  anither  prevalent 
notion  respectinc  th«ii  was  that  in  a  very 
large  praportioa  there  occurred  hiM  imtmmb, 
when  reason  shone  oat,  iir  a  while,  from  be- 
hind the  OaaA  that  obacared  It,  with  iu  natural 

,l."?'?■?^.  ^»  "ff**  V'mOuA,  in  paKing. 
ihot  lucid  {ntermb  are  Cv  less  conn^h£ 
'hey  were  onee  nqipoaad  to  be,  and  that  the 
restoration  b  |M)tM  oMB^eta  as  the  descrtb- 
' ;mi  of  Uw  older  writrnwaoM  lead  as  to  infcV. 
'>  modem  practioe.  tha  Inn  lucid  interval 
H«nifies  Biere^  a  rcflfriaaion  of  the  disease,  an 
»baieinent  of  the  violenca  of  tha  awrbid  action. 
•  period  of  ooMparadva  calm;  and  the  praof 
<rf  lu  onMrrasoa  ta  r^aerally  drawn  fnm  the 
character  of  the  » ,»  in  question.  It  b  hardly 
necMMiy  to  M»  .aat  thb  b  an  nnjastilbble  use 
rf  the  tmrn,  w^Jch  afcouM  b«  confined  to  the 


genuine  lucid  Interval  that  does  occaslnnNlly 
occur,  h  began  to  be  fnund  at  laM  that  a  large 
claia  of  pervm*  r«i|ulred  ihc  protection  of  the 
law,  who  were  not  idioii,  because  they  had 
^asnn  once,  nor  lunatics  in  the  ordinary  aignl- 
ficatitw  of  the  term,  becauie  ihry  were  not 
violent  eihiblied  no  very  niHahle  derange- 
ment of  r»a«oi.,  were  indepemlrnl  of  lunar  in- 
fluence*.  «nd  had  no  lucid  Intervals.  Their 
menial  ini|)airmrni  conslMed  In  »  loss  of  In- 
tellectual  nower,  of  Interest  In  Iheir  usual  pur- 
*uils.  of  the  ability  to  comprehend  Iheir  rala- 
lions  to  pcnon*  and  things.  A  new  term— 
mH,0iMdm*„  ,f  mimtl~m%%,  Iheiefora,  Intro- 
duced  to  meet  thi«  exigency;  but  il  has  never 
been  very  clearly  defined. 

The  law  ha»  never  held  (hat  •//lunatic*  and 
Idiot*  are  ahM>lved  from  all  retpontibiliiy  for 
their  civil  or  criminal  act*.'  Thi»  coni«quence 
waa  attributed  only  to  the  severwi  grade*  of 
these  afleciiona,— to  lunatics  who  have  no  more 
undemanding  than  a  brute,  and  lo  idiot*  who 
cannot  number  twenty  pence  nor  lell  how  old 
they  are.  Theoretically  ihe  law  haa  changed 
but  liiile.  even  to  Ihe  present  dsy  j  but  practi- 
cally  it  exhibiu  considerable  Improvement  1 
thai  is,  while  Ihe  general  doctrine  remains  un- 
changed, il  is  qualified.  In  one  way  or  another, 
by  the  courts,  so  aa  to  (tfuduce  less  practical 
injustice. 

Insanity  implies  ihe  presence  of  disease  or 
congenital  defect  in  the  brain,  and  though  il 
may  be  accompanied  by  disease  in  other  or- 
gans, yet  the  cerebral  affection  is  always  sup- 
posedto  be  |)rimarv  and  predominant.  It  b  to 
be  borne  in  mind,  however,  that  bodily  disesscs 
may  be  accompanied,  in  some  stage  of  their 
P«^Hr«».  by  menial  disorder  which  may  aJecl 
the  legal  relations  of  the  patient. 

For  all  practical  purposes,  however,  a  defi- 
nition b  unnecessary,  because  the  real  question 
at  isaue  always  b,  not  what  constitutes  finanily 
n  general,  bat  wherein  conaists  the   insan- 
ity of  Ihb  or  that  individual.    Neither  sanity 
nor  insanity  can  be  regarded  aa  an  entity  to 
be  handled  and  described,  but  rather  as  a 
condition  to  be  considered  in  reference  toother 
conditions.     Men  vary  in  Ihe  chancier  of 
their  menial    manifestations,    insomach   that 
conduct  and  conversation  perfectly  proper  and 
natural  ia  one  might  in  another,  dilkrenlly 
constituted,  be  indicative  of  insanity.     In  de- 
termining, therefore,  the  menial  condiifcm  of  a 
person,  he  must  not  be  iudged  by  any  arbitrary 
standard  of  sanity  or  InaanHy.  nor  ooapared 
wlih  olW  persons  unquestionably  sane  or  in- 
I?"'  .*     .fS"  P^P^f'y  *»e  compered  onfy  with 
himself.    When  a  person,  without  any  ade- 
quate cause,  adopts  nations  be  once  regarded 
f.??"!"'**  *»««>Htw  to  conduct  oppoaed  to 
all  his  former  habtts  and  principles,  or  changes 
completely  hb  ordinary  temper,  manners,  and 
dispositions— Ihe  man  of  plain  practical  senae 
indulging  ia  speculative  theories  and  proiecu. 
the  mber   becoming  a  spendthrift   ud   tha 
i|-SsaaM*d.Jur.*s4.<«air. 


,^'u* 


LAW. 


UMndttlfiA  •  nlMr  i  Ik*  May,  »«t«(,  •liohlni 
uv«  clliMHl  (MiciMllinf  iuil»y,  rwlUM,  knil  haiU 
|«t«nliit  i  iha  (ay  •iwl  jtiyoiM  bacumlng  iImII  •ml 
<li«c-<inM>lai«  t^wn  lu  tka  v«rg«  ul  (Impair  |  lh« 
caraful,  csMUhi*  mmi  )( Imiinwa  plunging  Into 
hA^-irdoiM  MrhffitiM  of  •uatjiitslton ;  Iha  diacrcct 
aiiti  pioaa  hecoming  «AaiMaf'>ily  raclilavi  mul 
pruHigaia — no  •Inmgcr  \tnMit  of  inaaniljr  can  ha 
M(i.  An'l  yat  no)  one  of  ihaaa  Iralu,  in  and 
by  llMlf  alona,  dlaciw<na<,i<>il  from  tha  nalurul 
iralM  of  obaracur,  coald  ba  ragar<la<l  aa  cun- 
clu»  «  proof  of  inianlty.  In  awiintatica  wlih 
IhU  loi'l,  tha  pHnctplf  haa  baan  laid  down, 
wllk  iba  Mnciion  of  liia  higbaat  lagal  ami 
madical  aittkarltjr  ihal  It  la  Iha  proiongad  dc- 
parturt,  without  any  adaauala  cama,  from  iha 
■tolaa  &I  fci:hng  and  modM  of  thinking  utuil 
to  Iba  individual  wban  in  h«allb,  wbicb  I*  iha 
•wanlial  faatura  of  inaaaity  ' 

IrManUf  in  soma  of  lia  forma  annala  all 
criminal  raaponMMUly.  for  Ibara  can  ba  no 
crima  nor  oflcnca  if  iIm  accuMHi  were  |a  a  Uaia 
at  madncm  m  the  tlma  of  Iba  act,*  and  in 
oitiar  forma  diaqualifica  lia  tutfjat:!  from  tha 
INrfennaao*  of  cartain  civil  righu.  A  kind 
•nd  dagrM  of  ituaniry  which  will  mK  cxcum  a 
partoa  fat  a  Criiui«*l  act  mmf  randFT  bim 
IcgdiT  incowpaiant  to  tlM  maaagamant  of 
bimaalf  or  kia  aialn  • 

Luno  iHTUVAUi  arc  llmaa  intarval*  (xlgkt 
with  II*  natural  radianca  of  tatallact,  not  dark- 
anad  oi  mfbaad  br  dcUriwa  or  madnaw  ^  ihoaa 
iatarvak  mariiad  by  tha  aatnal  and  ragular 
openliona  of  fcaaon.  It  mutt  not  be  a  lupar- 
ikial  trvaqtdlUty,  a  atiadAw  of  rr^ioaa,  >Mit,  >m 
th»  rxfUbnn,  a  profiiand  tranquillity,  *  real 
rtfuii*.  "  It  mutt  not  Ik  a  mara  r*y  <if  reaaon, 
which  makat  iM  abaaiKc  mora  apiMrcat  wkan 
it  ii  goaa — not  a  Ihth  ol  Ughtninf,  which 
piaroa*  tknw^  tk«  dariuicM  only  l«  render  it 
mora  gloomy  aad  dkmal — not  a  gllDkinerIng 
whi^  Mm  tha  nigltt  to  Ike  day,— bat  a  per- 
fact  ligM,  a  Hvaly  nd  eontinued  laitre,  a  full 
and  entira  tlay  inierpoaad  batwaan  lli<-  two 
taparata  oighia  of  the  faiy  wkich  precatltsi  and 
fobowi  k  I  and,  to  mm  aaotker  iiMga,  it  ia  not 
a  dacaMU  aad  faidriaM  ttilliiem  whiek  MJowa 
or  foralxK^aa  a  atorm,  b«k  a  tora  and  ataadfaat 
traaqutttiiy  kr  a  tltiM,  a  rtal  calm,  a  parft'ct 
aerantey.  In  f*  e,  wliiMMit  kwklM  for  ao  many 
matafmort  to  nri-rmaM  our  itiaa,  tt  muat  not  ka 
a  mtra  diminuiioa,  a  lamiaaion  of  tha  «>■>• 
friaint,  but  a  kind  of  tawnoruy  care,  aa  inter- 
miaaion  lo  dearly  mtukad  aa  m  every  reaped 
to  reacmUe  the  reitaraiioii  of  keahh."*  So 
Lord  Tharlow  »«yt,  by  a  pcifcet  interval',  "  I 
do  not  meitn  a  cooler  moeMat,  an  abatement 
of  pain  of  violence,  or  of  a  higker  Itata  of 
tortnre, — a  mind  reliaeed  fram  exoaariea  pre«< 
aare  i  Imt  an  interval  in  which  the  ndntl,  hae- 
iag  thrown  off  tha  diaaaia,  had  reoivered  iu 
gMeral  habit.""  That  there  aonaeiimei  oc^n 
an  iatmmimion  in  which  the  peiaon  appwrs  to 


»*• 


•J4- 


be  parfectiv  rational,  raatorv't.  rn  fa«t,  to  kit 
'ojiar  lalf,  an  un<|i(<nti»ii«bl«  fact.  It  it 
•>i|Mally  true  th«(  ihry  iro  iif  rare  ot'  errencv. 
ih'tt  lh«y  ciintiiiii*  but  for  a  vary  brlal'  petltxl, 
ami  that  with  lh«  aiiparrnt  clcarona  ihara  I*  • 
raai  ltM«  <jf  manlal  (rtrra  and  •ruiaiMnw.  h 
miHl  i:a«M  of  inmnity  thf  ra  may  ha  otjacwtil, 
friim  time  to  lima,  a  ramlHion  uf  tha  lymp- 
imnii,  ia  whkh  eicilamarii:  and  violence  ar« 
replaced  by  qniat  and  cairn,  and,  wlihin  a 
certain  range,  tlie  |Mii«nt  convaraaa  ciirrvtily 
and  |»oparly.  A  luparAcial  oliMrvcr  might  N 
able  to  datrri  no  trace  nf  dt««ts«|  but  a  lllil< 
furiher  examination  woukI  ihnw  a  cimfualon 
i4  litaaa  and  «lngulariiy  of  Mhavlor,  Indicative 
of  t^rinus.  though  latent,  ditaaM.  Ia  thi< 
t'omliiion  tha  patient  ni«y  h<ild  tuma  eorrvii 
niMlona,  even  nn  a  matter  td  bu«ii»cw,  and  ye> 
l>e  ()ulle  incT>mpelcnl  lo  embrace  all  the  reU 
tionii  connecled  with  a  cnnlract  or  a  will,  ev«ii 
ihou^h  no  deluaiMrt  wr««  pretant  to  \ntp  hi« 
judgmeni       Tha  twelaiinr>«  of  patient/  afirr 

•'overy  fnmtah  induMiabIa  proof  th*t  liuring 
I  Ilia  irmiuion  of  the  tymptom*  the  mind  ia  In 
a  male  of  confuaioa  aUeriy  anreliabte  for  any 
b<i*in«-9*  parpoae.* 

Of  *«e  year* — wnatevar  may  have  it^en  the 
earlier  practice— coarti  have  imt  required  that 
proof  of  a  lucid  interval  which  conaiM*  of 
compleW  reetotation  of  reaaun,  aa  deicribeil 
above.  They  have  b««n  tai  lifted  with  auch 
proof  aa  waa  furnished  iiy  the  Itannaction  in 
qaettion.  Tt>ey  cared  lem  to  conaider  the  gen- 
eral itato  of  mind  than  it*  apecial  manifent. 
tiona  on  a  particular  ocraaion.  *'  TIte  Mrongnt 
and  beat  proof  that  can  arite  an  to  a  lucid  In 
vervtti  ii  that  which  aritca  from  the  act  itaelf ;  "  ii 
that  ">•  a  rational  act,  rationally  done,  llie 
whole  cvae  ii  proved ;  ""  "  if  ib*  ul4  con  - 
ytn*  rationally,  that  ia  a  ludd  itH<  i."*  Tliit 
ia  a  ntere  begging  of  the  queatiuu,  which  ii 
whether  tka  act  eo  rational  and  to  rationally 
lioite— aad  not  for  tkat  reaaon  neceaaarihr  ■"- 
compatible  witk  ii»anity  waa  or  waa  not  done 
in  a  laeid  interval.  Persona  very  insane,  vio- 
lent, aad  full  of  diluaiona  frequently  do  and 
■ay  thinga  evincing  no  math  of  dineete.  while 
no  oiM  Mppaaea  that  there  ii  any  lucid  Iniervil 
In  the  caie.  "  It  ia  dr  r  that  pertona  eaaen- 
tlally  inaana  may  be  f^tlm,  may  do  acta,  kold 
convenatiuM,  aad  evet^  pern  in  general  aodeiy, 
AD  perfecUv  lane.  It  often  requirea  clbac  ex- 
«tnin«io!»  by  pereon  ikilled  in  tka  disorder,  tu 
dtaeover  and  «»c«rtain  wliether  or  not  tk«  men- 
tal derangement  k  removed  and  the  mind  be- 
coBM  again  perfectly  toeud.  W1>  »  there  i* 
calmime,  where  there  ta  rationality  m  ordinary 
•«b)ecta,  tb<>;^c  who  aeo  the  party  asually  con- 
dodo  tkat  bia  recoeaty  it  perfect.  .  .  .  when 
there  is  mt  actual  recoveiy,  and  a  raturi^  to 
the  ■anw*"'*"*  ^  hlnnHf  and  riit  eoncenw 
by  dm  aafortttttat^  individud,  the  proof  of  a 
Indd  inlarral  b  extremely  diac«lt."r 

OimptPm  Mai.  Man.  4* ;  Rdd,  Kam  an  Hysethae- 
driaml Mhtlient.ai  tamy :  Cowto Km.  Dwaag.m' 
Kay  Mad.  Jar.  Ma.   «••  PUM.  I.«ct.  90.   x.PMeMr,t 
Cam.atr.4i».   |r-a  Hagg.  41}. 


LAW. 


fit 


mI,  rMtorv'f.  m  htt,  to  lii< 
un<|i*<mMiii«M«  fact.  Il  t< 
■hry  Dia  <if  r*r«  ot'  nrrttur. 
hul  r<>r  •  v«ry  Iwlct  p»(l»<l, 
■iitMrrni  tlc«r«tM«  lh«rt  U  • 
il  frfft*  anil  •cuiarMnw.  In 
nity  th«r«  m»j  h«  o(i««rtpefl, 
I,  •  r««nlMion  uf  ih«  tymp- 
iclicnitrtc  and  vl<ilcnc«    art 

I  and  c«im,  and,  wlihin   • 
|MiU«nl  convtrM*  riirrctilr 

iap«rflcUl  otiMrvtr  might  la 
rac«  nf  diMiM)  bni  •  Itlllr 
>a  wuuid  ihow  •  ciHiftMltm 
lafiiy  ol  b«h«vtar,  ln<licaiU« 

II  lalcnl,  dIaMa*.  I«  Ihit 
CM  nmy  h<>)tl  tum«  wmm 

matlvr  fil  biutneaa,  tnd  yr' 
tnt  lo  amlfaca  ail  lti«  rcU 
itb  a  contract  or  a  will,  •««» 
in  w«rt  prmant  lu  w  arp  hi* 
iTTclationa  of  uAlicnt/  afl»r 
iduUlabI*  pniof  thai  duriBi; 
he  (ymptorn*  t>t«  mind  ia  In 
aa  lUlarly  narehabl*  Cur  any 

wruivTcr  wamy  hava  i»«^n  th« 
otifti  h«»e  rN<  rvquirvd  thai 
Intrrval  which  contita  of 
oa  of  r«««tMi,  aa  dencribad 
m  b«m  taild^ed  with  auch 
ithad  [if  Iha  tranMctiim  in 
ar«d  laaa  lo  conaidar  the  g«n- 
I  than  ita  aptcial  manifcvt 
ar  otraalon.   "  Tha  atrongnt 
at  can  ariM  an  to  a  tucid  in 
aiiiet  from  tha  act  itaelf  s  "  il 
al   nt,  rationally  dotia,  the 
vad;"*  "if  »h«       ukl  con 
atiaalttcidim.       i  "■  Thii 
g  of  the  questioti,  which  ii 

0  ratitmai  and  «o  raiiooaliy 
r  that  raaaon  iMcaaaarih'  in- 
laaniiy     waa  or  waa  not  done 

IVrHtMM  very  iniane,  viu- 
daluaiona  fVMuently  do  and 
g  no  mailt  of^diacaae,  whik 
tat  thera  ia  aay  lucid  Inlarval 
ia  cir  r  that  partona  aaacn 
be  ^irn,  aMjr  do  acta,  hold 
even  paaa  in  gaoaral  aociety, 
It  often  reqnirai  clfaae  ex 
aaa  tkilied  In  th*  diaoirdcr,  tu 
uia  whether  or  not  the  men- 

1  removed  a«d  the  mind  be- 
ctly  MHud.  W1>  *  tkne  i» 
lara  te  rationalitv  m  onlinsry 
o  aaa  the  vt^ny  maaily  con- 
iw«7  is  pcffcd.  .  .  .  When 
J  recoveiv,  and  a  nKun.  to 
of  hlnt»*lf  aiui  ilia  concemn 
J  indivui  dal,  the  proof  of  * 
itremalydiftciUL"' 

a.  4< ;  Raid.  Faaam  en  Myfacboi- 

taaav.:  C0mtolHa.Danat.a4r 
W't  Mill.  t'«ct.  go.    x-PioMar,  < 
"^ill- 


Ill  criminal  eai*».  lh«  nf.i.,f  of  «  i««i,t  im^f, 
fti  miMl  Im  tlill  mora  dlM^ull,  in  Iha  frry  na- 
ture 01  the  (;Ma.  Kor  oUhutigh  the  mantal 
Mianifealatkina  may  be  (Mcrfectiy  right,  il  canmit 
\m  •araoaad  thwl  lli«  brain  haa  returned  lla 
iKirMal  condition.  I«  ita  outward  airreiMlon, 
•itanily,  lilie  many  otUn  nervout  diwaae*.  la 
<  liaraclerifed  by  «  ^eiialn  perliMlicity,  wh«f«l>y 
(he  promtncnl  *\  4oma  dl«a|)|Mi«r  for  a  iime, 
nnlif  to  relarn  »^,m  within  a  ♦ery  limllad 
iwrlud.  An  apilaixic,  in  iha  inlc  vala  between 
hi»  ftl«,  may  evince  to  Ihe  cloaeat  ohaervcr  not 
a  lingle  trace  of  mental  or  <Mlily  diaeaaat  and 
yet,  (or  all  thai,  nolxidy  auppoan^  that  he  haa 
rfco»ered  from  hia  malady.  No  more  doea  a 
lucid  interval  in  a  <  •■»  of  inaanlly  imply  that 
the  diaeaae  haa  diiM|>|Miared  hecaaw  lla  out  ward 
miinlAMtatiiKO*  have  ceaaad.  'I'hcre  amiaea- 
iionabl*  remain*  an  abnormal  condition  of  tho 
l"«in,  by  whatever  name  it  may  be  called, 
whereby  t^«<  |>ower  of  Ihe  mind  to  auntain 
provocailui  tu  reaiat  temptaliona,  ot  wiibiiand 
any  other  ..uMiaaa  al  aa«iteiM»t.  k  greatly 
weilieiwd. 

L«ci<!  :ntervata,  properly  to  callrvt,  ahotild 
not  be  confoumWd  with  th«««>  perl<«i*  of  aii 
parent  recovery  which  occuf  i«iween  two  tac- 
ceaaiva  attaclu  of   mental  diaaMa.  nor  vith 
Ihoaa  traneitiona  firom  otia  phatia  of  Intanity  lo 
•nother,  it,  which  the  indiviaual  acema  lo  be  in 
hit  naiaral  condition.     Tbejr  may  mtt  be  et»»n 
tialtv  diffcrent,  but  the  anddenneae  and  lirevity 
of  the  former  wi.v.ld  be  liiielv  lo  im|MUt  lo  an 
act  a  moral  compleaion  ver»  diStrcnt  from  that 
which  it  wo«ld  bear  if  performed  in  tha  larger 
and  mote  indefinite  intermiiaiona  of  Iha  lailar. 
Still,  great  f<wbearan<:e  stiould  I  «  exerdaed  to- 
wards peraooi  committing  crimtnal  acta  while 
in  any  of  lt'f»«  equivocal  ctmdidoMa.    T1i<jte 
who  Bava  auffiered  repealcit  attacks  of  mental 
ditaaaa  habftaally  labor  under  a  d<^ree  of  ncr 
votu  irriiabiilly,  which  rendeis  them  peculiarly 
lOMM^jlibU  to  many  of  thoaa  iBcidevtB  and  in- 
fluencea  which  lead  to  crime.    The  law  may 
make  no  diaiinction.  but  esecntiva  and  Jadkial 
Iribiuaia  are  gaaeraily  intmated  with  dUcra- 
llonaty  powers,  whereby  shey  are  enabl<!!d  to 
•pportion  tha  paaiahment  according    to  iha 
moral  g«iU  of  the  party.* 

I»  «•  Um  duty  of  tba  party  who  coMan^  for 
a  ladd  Interval,  to  prove  it :  for  a  person  -nee 
inaaaa  la  pmurned  so,  uii'  >)  it  ia  shown  that  ha 
had  n  Indd  inten^l,  or  Ima  raooventd,*  and  yet 
•  war*  thw  to  run  into  nicety,  protrf  might  be 
deBMBdad  of  cme'i  Inaaaity  at  the  precite 
moanent  when  Iba  «^  was  conmiittsd.'^  gee 
l!«SAmTY,  above. 

MALPtACTicx  it  bad  or  uMklUWI  pmctket 
l>fa<tfca  in  a  p!  ytidan.  or  other  ptofeaaioBal 
person,  whaiaby  the  health  or  membera  of  the 
patient  is  Injnred;  practic*  ooniiary  to  calab> 

Cm.  h>l.    a-SwIaV  n; 

441 ;    I  Coott.  80,  C, 

Vfclwett  Malpr.  i««. 

i|ii-  440  <  <i  Maaa.  tu ; 

jCo.  Cr.  Caa.  Jfty. 

Malpr.  *^,*tH^.;   a 


liahed  ralet.     Ignorant  malpractice  ia  1m  a4. 
minl««ratloa  of  me<liciaea  calculated  lo  do  In- 
|ury,  which  do  harm,  and  which  a  well  edw- 
(ale<l  and  tclenllAc  man  woulil  lirum  were  rwA 
fir<>|wr  In  Ihe  caae.»     Thia  <>ff«nce  M  a  mltd*. 
meanor  (whether  It  be  (n.xa«i»ncd  by  variimily 
(ind  ciiwrimcnl,  or  neglect).  lM««uaa  H  braalit 
the  trwat  which  the  paiicni  haa  put  in  •  phy- 
ticlan,  and  tanda  directly  U»  hi*  denrut.llon.* 
Negligent  malpractice  c<ini(>reh«ni|<  lho«»  ca»«a 
where  theta  h  no  ciiminal  or  diahuneot  ubjart. 
Imt  groaa   negllgenre  of  that  alter.) ion   whtih 
Ihf  tllaatlon  of  the  palicnl  re^ulrca,  •»  |(  «  phy. 
aician  thouid  admlnicicr  mr  '    inet  while  In  a 
ttate  of  inloaicatlun  li»m  wduh  Injury  would 
arlac  to  hi*  p«iltni.     Wilful  malpractice  takes 
place  when  the  physician  |MiriHM«iy  a>l4nlni«l<-  r* 
or  performa  an  operation  which  he  kiuiw*  a.. 4 
capecta  wil  reault  in  the  death  lo  the  indi- 
vidual under  hia  care,  a*  in  the  caae  of  a  crim- 
inal abmtitm.*    T.i  the  p«iformance  ui  all  tur. 
glcal  operation*  the  turgeim  it  buund  to  bring 
at   laaa*  ordinary  tklil  and   knowledge.     He 
mutt  apidy  without  mittake  what  ia  leitled  in 
hit  profeeaion      He   mutt   poaaeat   and  |>rac- 
tically  eaercUc    that   degree   and   amount  p' 
knowledge    and    tcience    which   the    leading 
authoritlaa  have  pronounced  aa  the  retull  of 
their  rcaearchea  and  experience  up  to  the  time, 
or  withoi  a  reaaonaUe  lime  before  the  iaaue  or 
queation  to  be  determined  la  made.* 

Betide*  Ihe  criminal  rnmtdy  for  malpractice^ 
the  injured  party  may  in  many  caaea  bring  a 
civil  action  '  Civil  caaea  of  malpractice  are  of 
very  frequent  occurrence  on  Ihoac  oecation* 
where  aurgKal  operationa  are  rendered  necea. 
•arjr,  or  auppoaed  to  be  to,  by  diaeaae  or  injury, 
and  era  ao  performed  aa  either  lo  ihorlen  a  limb 
or  mndor  it  aliff.  or  otherwitc  prevent  the  free, 
natural  uaa  of  it,  l>y  which  the  party  ever  after 
•ufleia  fiaraaget.  Thia  ntty  embrace  aimaat 
every  kind  of  aurgicai  o^^r<%iion;  Init  nine 
lenlha  of  all  such  caae*  arise  an  ampuiatiow 
fractures,  or  ditlocation.a 

Mboical  EviDluNc*.    Sat  Ihia  if.vii«NCB. 

ante. 

Miuwiw  1*  a  Tvoniait  who  aaaisto  other 
women  in  childbirth.  A  midwif..  is  required  to 
perform  the  buainea*  *he  undertakrit  with  proper 
Hkilh  and  <f  tha  b  guilty  of  any  malpracaca 
*he  ia  liable  to  an  action  or  an  faidictment  for 
the  misdemeanor.^ 
MiscABEiAte.  Sea  Abortion,  above.  * 
MOKOMANIA  U  the  derangement  of  a  single 
facttlly,  or  with  ragaii  to  aparticitlar  anhject, 
the  otbar  facultiaa  being  in  thair  natural  and 
regalarexerciaa.  11m  moat  aimpU  form  of  thia 
disonlar  ia  that  in  which  Iba  patient  haa  im- 
bibed aoaw  ringia  notion,  oontraiy  to  common 
Sanaa  and  to  hia  own  eapenae,  and  which  sceins, 

Barh.  ai<.     f^Bwail  Mahw.  u;  tea  I  laat.  lar •  1 
*T  N.  ^4«i>i  I]  B.  Mon.  .ij.     f      >iy.  tasi  aCnan. 


UkW. 


HA  iottlii  rMlty  k,  dammmAtnt  «•  an 

■Mton       ll    la    MuauuMl  %h»t    iIm    m 


c 


••iMMtoa  II  ta  M)ipauMl  thai  iIm  nlitt^  hi 
•tthmf  r«ii|i«<l»  ttt*um  iu  nMmm\  lM«)lMt«al 
pu««r«  I  In  m4mi  In  mrai4  miif  c  ihI  mi  >)iiim,  or 
CrliMinat  rm^MwilMlily  Incitnwl.  i<  niiMt  MMll 
f«*illf  •M"*'  <ha)  ik«  act  in  ^M*iaii  mmt  lli« 
•del  itf  ni.>^<imanlii  *      Mm  tmLUHaN.  aWva. 

MimsTca      Mm  IUith.  ab»v«>. 

FAaTuaiTtiiM.   Mm  Aocuvcmmuit  }  OtarN, 

•llt>V«. 

fATNOLOOV  H  that  iMMck  of  rtM  MMdical 
wtom  whicll  ofiiialna  lS«  natiira  of  dlMata*, 
llMir  caiiaaa.  and  ^mftmrnt ,  nr,  th»  <!••.  rrma 
of  Iha  cwiMa  and  nalaM  of  iliMiaaaa,  «>i  i«v 
V  -^'iK  ailuiiify  (waaaa  at  rfliaaact,  twn.^iiiKy 
(<:«lM«. '  and  iMuittmmt  of  Jlaaaa*i.  ()i«(r  claM, 
•fratM,  4  "^ai,  and  apMla*;,  ■yni|MonMlol<i>(y 
(.'V«W||l«t  -  «f  dIaWMM),  Mtd  Ihafapaullrk  (ha 
r«  b^  «%«  and  of  Matiloinaa).  Soma  daKraa 
'  lh«  '»»>  wlMlfla  III  pathokiKf  i>  of  graat  ctm- 
>  .>v»»H'  ■  M»  Ihc  lagal  jk  ((..liknivr^ 

j'rfVaiCUM  b  •  panuM  ak'IM  ill  tte  art  of 
nitdidiMi  on*  nhtme  <i4e**km  I*  l«  itfaacritM* 
r^madlaa  for  diaaaa**,  ma  -trnMiy  •••(|«K«<t  tn 
Iha  praclUn  jf  laiMaiw  Every  parMin  uho 
iiffan  hia  tci  »ice4  to  th«  puMu  K«tMr«llf  tm- 
tedlf  coMraeu  vrth  th«  csn|4.irjf€;  that  Ik  is 
in  puaHMla*  of  iIm  ordlnarf  (kill  and  axpaii 
ttica  wblcli  ara  paaataaaJ  hy  tlmaa  who  prtc- 
llec  or  prtifeaa  to  HiM>4f«ta«d  tha  an  or  iclvnca, 
and  which  ar«  gWMrmllf  rafardad  bf  llioaa 
moal  cunranwit  wMi  iha  pralaaakm  aa  n«w 
tary  to  ootiUfjr  mm  u>  wigiif*  in  th«  bmiiHr^i 
MKCaatfiilljr.  TMa  ofdinniy  atittt  way  .tiffrr 
Kc<>ntiN|  to  Incnilty  md  MMm  of  Inloraialiitn  ' 
A  phjr^ic-mn't  raapnnalblNlf  ia  Iha  lanM  wlir'< 
Im  i«  n«|lig«n(  M  wtMn  H«  larli*  ordinary  tliil' , 
•llhou|^  tM  iiMaaare  of  IndamriMy  and  pun 
lakment  mav  ba  di(fr.ant.i  AiihooKh  •  My^i 
•ian  la  civllijr  and  crti.iinally  raaiMin^lMa  inr  hi* 
coxittct  wWla  dbdiarfinii  tiia  duiiM  of  hl« 
f»rt><«Mio«,  ha  ia  in  no  tanoc  a  warrantor  or  in- 
•arar  of  a  favoimbla  <  eaull,  without  an  a»pr«>« 
coniratit  I"  ihat  allact.* 

pMiaoM  <«  aay  agant  aapabia  (><  tiffHixcIng  t 
iKtiifbid,  noninut,  or  dangrrout  effect  u\  n  any 
ofajaot  aadowed  wkk  iif«t  of  prorlitvtna  dmuh. 
A  lafaaUMca  k««4iu|  m  inHafml  daMarioua 
pr<>|x;rtv  wM«k  raaAMa  k,  arkan  laltan  into  tba 
•)r«ie:n,  cafatMt  of  4«tR>ria((  life* 

G»Hm$  Mbataiiea  i  arn  ulaaacd  aa  poiaaaa. 

(fritani  fxtiiont,  whan  taltan  In  ertfiaary 
duac*.  'Hicaaion  apaadlHy  violani  vomiliaf  and 
P"Tt''  *>  I»«t«dad,  aaeompanicd,  or  Mlowcd 
hy  Intenaa  paia  ia  tha  «l>.|«a»en.  eommaMins 
in  the  ragian  af  Iha  Momseh.  Tha  ocmMira 
|).>i»oni,  aa-<Hatiafatalia<  fran  rtMae  la  a  nore 

ICrday  rr.Mjd. 
Rav  laa.  •aji  ij  V« 
AM.  M.  al] :    *U   tm.   naaf.  tl     a  iMa.  m,  m, 


Cli. 


Haag.  tl 


liaalwd  aaaaa  lariail  Wrkanl,  ganaraWy  iimtfat^ 
lh«lr  raaull  ni<-  •paadlly.  and  glva  (WtniU.il 
tni4'<^ail<*aa|  htii  c«»«y  entrnaW*  (miaan  aula  a* 
an       tiani  tai  f^a  (cnne  hara  adopiad. 

tmiani  polaoni  arr 

I.  MiMiaALt— AfrM/fKr;  Acidaiathallaaan<l 
tlM4rMli«i  ni<Hi>j||oi>t«     AW«M«aM<  ,- aiaanlt:. 

a.  VaiirTAb,  •  \~-Smrtm 

1.  Animai.1— taai/A«rMV< 

rf*9tHi*  patartoi  act  thlc#y  on  iha  brain  m 
«u4iial  atatraw.  Nrilkar  tnimmllaialv  or  Mmi* 
ibaa  aMar  iha  : tM  '4  ha*  iMan  awaliowad,  l)>a 
fMlianl  aaf^trt  f^  m  ti^i.'kicba,  alddlnaai,  |Mr*l; 
»U,  Mapiit,  daltrvM*,  !'^k)Mtl>tTiiy,and,  Ih  tuma 
Inalantwt,  cuntruUloM. 

Nart'fi<lc  polauna  trai  t 

I    C'KiuSAl.  s~  AfvrMUk 

a.  !^MAL  iSttyr/kmi  -. 

1.  «  «aiii«<v8i>iw*<.i-  finpfa/  «MaHiMM 

Tha  offecta  of  ana  alaw  *r»  bawaver,  aom«- 
llmaa  rnMliMsad  by  iha  oihar  •  %  oro  tHMnmonly 
aa  Mcondt.'vy,  bat  aomatiuiaa  ^f  .n  aa  prlaiary. 
•ya%iit»in». 

'Ina  evidtnca  of  (Hiiionlnf,  aa  darlvad  IWMn 


11,  ia  1(1  ha  lonkad  for  chiefly  In  Mr  iW 
aimiaaw  */  Iktir  »*furrtim ;  ihU  la  perhafi* 
th«  oiui  nllabU  of  all  vrkSmtv  darived  frnm 
■v«iiploma  t*  caaaa  of  rriminal  poiaonjng)* 
tk<wah  aona  of  ihia  claaa  «f  evldtnca  can  ba 
eonaidarad  aa  AimialilMr  anything  better  than  a 
high  degraa  of  arobaMlliy  i  lAt  ngmMtnty  *f 
Iktir  ^ttmtt;  Ihia  fialura  la  not  anlyanal,  ami 
taiaia  In  many  disaaaaai  mmiftrmHy  im  Uttir 
imimv,  i))i*  la  true  In  ihc  caac  ftf  eompnniiivcly 
law  p>i»flna  |  Me  nmftmmt  AqrilM  mwm  a/ttr  a 
m*mi;  bui  alecp,  iha  inaiinar  <M  adiiHnltiraiion, 
or  aortal.,  diaaaaaa,  aMy  alRrot  ihia  rala  in  the 
eaae  of  iima  poiaonti  -,  awleia  tmtraj partmk*  mi 
Mr  Maie  Hi**  if  lk»  Htm*  furmtU/**^,  0lt 
^V  y*»#.  $imUitr  tymfhm$  ,•»  Mr  tymft^mt 
Jfft  mfftmriMr  wMk  tkt  Uify  Ir  M  •  ttmtt 
•f  ftrf,tt  htmkkS 

Afft^rmmtti  wkitk  pmtnl  thtmnhm  ea 
fmt-mtfttm  tMmmimmtUtu  ara  of  importance 
in  ragar4  «•  aooM  claaaes  of  Irritant  poiaona ;' 
Hit  laany  paiaaw  4aava  no  traeaa  wklcii  can  ba 
fc    dlaaa'aafada 

Cleaaifaa/  mmmfytit  ofW  laaalu  in  hnportant 
tvidanca,  fay  diaettvaring  the  praaanea  of  pbia. 
ana,  «fkMi  aMHrt  fliaa  ha  aceoumlatl  fori  bat  a 
Mtera  to  dalact  it  by  tto  Hwaaa  provaa  tlM  it 

MM  Wif^  MMA  MV49fl, 

Tlw  avidanea  dari«ad  fWm  tlrtumilnmtti 
dMm  hi  natMag  In  princMe  (tcmb  that  bi  tMoa 
of  coMariarion  of  awar  crfanca. 

Momicida  \m  poiaoning  h  oanaratl*  acciden- 
tal (and  Ihcrcfera  not  murder),  or  dalibcnHc.* 

fa  Aa.  U.)  it.  Tba  hMary  af  yahiMdaa.  aad  aMmy 
raaiaMiaHa  early  liwiaacaa  of  a  wida-awaad  aaa  of 
Balaam,  ara  ra&MM  la  warka  an  aMdleii  Jurinni- 
TTJ  .^*9^  •&?  •'*•  ••f«*>"y.  Tajrtor  Mmm  ; 
AichbaUCr.  Pr.  (WaieraiaaVed.)  94o7  Wbanoa  It 


StMiMai.  jar.j  ■  BeahaiaaMiii.  Jar.  H^of  aw,    • 

rola.  lor:  Cfcriadaon  Poi».  aa.    »a  ?af<i 

^     »     -  .  Y.B»i  Tmrleri'alawia.if*.    ^-ArabboM 


Saataaier 

&:  ft  (wi 

QuMaaa  Faiaai, «!.  tm. 


•4aaitCaM.|ll7 


% 


•IMatliljr.  •<t<l  g)*«  tiMRilijI 

*n]f  rntrnaW*   (lotaan  At.!*  ■• 

EinM  h«r«  »AopUt4. 

mtr 

Dl*t*mt :  KkS^  \  aHiali**  anil 

aitfci     Ktmmttmitu  :  afaanic. 


'•  act  thiedy  OM  lk«  Iwatn  <« 

^Uhar  tmmmilaMly  or  Mmx 
«  ■  4  kat  twan  awallowad,  il>a 
I  l^^'i'lvka,  gMdinaa*,  partly. 
*(!'»  iMlMMijf.antl,  Ih  mmm 

>ar«i  I 

r|r>4«i(  -, 

na  flaw  tr*    lkaw«*ar,  «<iin«- 

ifca  athar  -   i  orp  commonljr 

MNMNluiaa  «."''.w  aa  ptteary. 

r  |Mi(tonlnf ,  at  darlvad  IWtm 
kiohad  (itr  chla4ly  In  tki  md- 
uiurrtrnft :  ihU  la  parhap 
I  ait  irakSatica  darivad  fnun 
M  of  rrtmlnal  poitoningi* 
lia  chua  of  aiHdanca  can  ba 
iatilnir  anfihing  Miar  (han  • 
nbabilitjr  |  Ih*  rtrmUtriiy  »f 
I  ffwiura  ia  imk  anlvanai.  ami 
Mia*«t|  mmif*rmily  im  Ikiir 
)  In  Ihc  caaa  t4  eomptirativcly 
<ymfl0mt  ttrfn  t»0m  afttr  a 
M  iiMunarof  a<lirNit<Mniii<m, 
,  aiajr  alKtot  lliia  r«la  In  tht 
n« ;  wktin  $nnrmi fartatt  »t 
ik»  MUM  f  %it»t4  /m^,  all 
if  tym^fvmjf ,»  Me  lym/immi 
<Mt  t/it  Mf  it  m  m  UmH 

Mtk  fnumt  Hnmnthm  «n 

limmtinu  arc  of  importanra 

chMaea  of  tnrilani  poiaoM;' 

mn%  nn  Inwaa  whlcii  can  ba 

ii  oftan  taaaiu  in  hnportaat 
variitf  Ike  praacfm  of  pbit* 
ban  M  accQitniatf  fori  mt  a 
t  bjr  no  HNana  pravw  Umi  it 

lartiwd  from  WIrvMMiAuMrj 
n  BTinc^e  ffoaii  that  tn  cwa 

iaoniim  h  Mnanll*  accMen- 
not  murderj.  or  daiibenMa.* 

I  MAlaffy  ai  yoltoatfaii  aad  aiaav 
aaca*  of  a  «Ma-aBiiaa4  aaa  of 
I  la  amto  ea  BMdlcal  Jiulapnt- 
aiaai  MMMiaNy,  Tayka  l^alaaa* ; 
ilaraMUi't  ad.)  94»:  Wbartoa  ft 
■akaiaa  Hhi.  Jar.  74,  al  My.    •- 

ChriMtoea  Pot*.  4ft.  mm  Puk 
avtar  t^alMaa.  lift.  ahAMlibaU 
L^.    r«M  ita  HaUy  Cmm, 

Oiai,  Taylor  raiMoaJ^y,  ^ 
,<B.    •4(aiaG«M.|H. 


LAW. 


tli«ni»«i«rr  It  iM  .lata  of  a  fam«l«  wlut  baa 
fcuMn  bat  uvarir  .w  wmwb  «  ra.Hn<l«ia<l  .arm. 
•»«<«b  gnMl«ali|f  U(.«i«  <ta»aJ.i|Mri)  in  >ba 
Ut«ar  raaMfiiacIa  .•  iha  «laia  .rf  a  UomU  »bu 

rba  *%n(  of  i<«atnaiH.y  •C4atra  a  graai  \m 
l»>naiita  fr<Mn  ih«t>  •..mnadi.Mi  with  iba  tul>^ 
|«<l  ../  ,*m,H»U4l,  .n<i  alMi  .J  f»HnUtJ,  •.,•« 
'•aify.  Iba  ftni  may  .ictar  In  w.lar  (•  avoiit 
■U«gra.a.  an.i  lu  aicmi^i,^  („  ,  ^„^  «anncf 
lha  JaMrurtl.m  .rf  .«i|»tn|{  Tba  Ma.aHi  mar 
l»  Miaai|4a<l  lo  gratify  tba  wlabaa  .if  a  haabanJ 
•If  ralatUm.,  to  .f*,«t,,  ,|„  |,-,|  tttt<m-m  nl 
h»a  )«ai  .l.ln<^  t,,  „«,f-  ,,«;jca  by  a«iunin« 
motiay,  •i„|  ,„  ,y,.4,r  ^  ,f,|,^  •x»cui»«n. 

I  ha«p  »i«M  ,„a  imlkalkona  bav«  a  t.».i*.l.| 
.ll»l«».i.i.     >ifr^,  ituMia  •U»al«t>a<l  Ihruagh  tba 
ganaral   «y«i«ni.  „«|  hawca   larmad   «)n,iiiu 
ii'.nali  .Wmi<  ibma  davalo(iaa  Ibruagb   Iba 
martna  •ysiatn,  iafm«<i  li«aJ  of  MntU)la. 

I  ^"^^  **  CLiMrtitmional.  >«<li«atlant  ra- 
ir.ir.1— I.  Tba  raanial  pban-wnana,  ur  than«a 
wfcHighl  in  Ih,  irmjMiramaBl  .,f  iha  Motltar. 
t"l.^nea«l  by  dr pi •«,.,«,,  ,l„p,mdan4:y.  rn  vUi ' 
1.  4  hai  paavjtb.  IrruaLla,  capfici..««,  and  wa/ 
'••/di  tumalimaa  druar.maH  and  ocfaw.maliv 
'irai*«  a|itiaiii.ii  and  antl|>alhin  ara  prtMnl  ' 
».    Tba  ciiuBiananca   e»hib(ti   langaor.  and 


fH 


»«    <*t   My,  IHNi 

'thi  \w*ii  attn 
•J111U14 
«i«f««. 

"  'aala 


«»ha4  Iba  I'rancb  writan  lam  da«xi«Npoalllnn  of 
iMMraa,  iba  a<»a  tMuuning  abarpar  and  mora 
al<«it«»*<l.  Iha  muiMb  lar||ar,  Iha  ayes  tank  and 
...rnmndad  wiib  a  hr«wni.b  or  U,M  a^atUa. 
and  bating  a  langaid  aaitrMalon. 
J.  Tba  «|ial  action  li  incrwiMdi  a  favari.b 
•?  «*•••,''••  «l«*:Wly  In  (b<»a  ,>(  full  haWl 
«iid  aanMinj  tamparaNtant.  Iba  body.  a«- 
«P<  <ba  braMta  and  aJidoman,  totnatimaa  «,. 
h.t,U.  twacialioii.  Thara  ara  Iraquamly  pMn. 
m  tba  t««b  and  fcca.  baaribam,  liicrWdr 

4.  Tbo  mmmmmrf  tVMnalbiea  giva  enl««. 

"•"  *^ ^■•T*  •* •*•  ^•*^»»  ^  «»»'•  "«y 
•  cani«l  by  olhar  diatnrbancea  of  (b«  aiartw 
-y»t««.  A  mora  certain  imif  ,(«■  io  found  in 
Jm.  amJa.  wbkh  la  lha  dm  ..«>lor«l  cirrular 
•liOt  .urotiiMliiic  ika  nlppi,.  Thi..  by  !« 
gradual  aiilafg««,anl.  ilt  conatanlly  daapanii^ 
c<.lor,  it.  inaraadng  o,g,„tc  action'  aviJawaS 

I  i  •  ^IITT  •Pf*«««««.  •«rga«:ancc.  and  gJan. 
d-iwfeUW^n.  juMly  ra«%ad  MfwniSi,- 
•  »«fy  bigti  dagtea  at  avidanca. 

5-  »nf'taWU«yol«oiii»ch,evi«»a«c«4byaJek. 
"Ma  at  tka  atomMib.  h»««1|,  in  (b  „  .X  J^ 
"I  Iha  day,  '  »^' 

6.  Sopptaaaloii  of  tba  mantai,  .  .oooibly 
,.'.  »*V^''!*.'^^  *  •wralioii  from  tba  in- 
wnd  inrCMO  oTlh*  i«an».     Thi,  MMxircwion. 

vitii^  MMiM  of  Iha  ularin<  *yum, 
Tkt  Mtmtd,  larmad  lotn:  or  uniiklt  liflm 

>nd  indicuioM.  arisa  omu.-v  f,««  ikad«»alo|>. 

maw  of  Ika  iManna  *r         «>ns«quant  oaJn 

"npt^Jloi.     TbUh.  fljl         ^ 

I.  To  ih«  chanse  in  uie  ..lanu  itaelf.     The 


at    it*    AindM,   tMHMM 

laaily  In  u«  iriivli  of  uack 
Manily  diminMbaa  am,.   |i   fc^j  fc«fj  « 
•  b.4ly    itia.wl>ad    In  liir   !>,,»»   ,^4  ,  ^ 
I  b«  m  ulrri  In  lu  anii»«»..^.  >««*•!    .' 
Brm.  »Mb  wall  daltnail  '  •       '  «,    , 
ini|»«gnall<m  tba  laitai  ;» 
anil    mora  ataaiic,  ik«  n*  >,       '..< 
Inalaad  uf  Iranavarta. 

»    To  Iba  Mala  of  tba  anrt-i^vv,,   .  .     ,«  ,* 

Brm  dapraMad,  than  p«ub«  I  our  *.,  »  h,,/,  ^„}, 

•y'"""'*'"i    tnlegumanla,    4n4    ^    ttat» 

lowarda  iba  duaa  of  itta  (wrlod,  nrqii'wlvj'tt  ■  ',*k. 

»td«ra».ly  il>,>va  lha  (urfaca. 

J.  To  lha  anUrgamant  of  iha  ai.i  -man. 
Thia  cominanca.  dually  1^  iha  an.l  of  the 
third  nvjj.lh,and  g,».  o„  lntraa.ing  during  tba 
parl,Hl  of  pragj^ocy.  lb...  how.v.r.  may  ,a. 
lull  from  morbid  cundliioni  mrt  •ffouinii  lha 
marua.  ttich  aa  dUaaw  of  lha  IWar.  .pla.n, 
ovarian  lumor,  or  awita*.  ^       ' 

4  To  qultlianing,  a«  rcndfrad  evidanl »»  the 
fnlal  iwHioM.  My  lha  form.r  wa  un.lar^.nd 
lha  faahnjf  by  ||,,  m.^har  of  iha  talf  Inducad 
motion  of  lha   rcatu*  in  uiaro,  which  occun 

IJul  aa  tba   l..li,„„„y  „Jr  ,h,  «,«Lr  cannit 
be  alaraya  raliwl  uoon.  bar  iniaraM  l«ing  ..,ma. 
Ilmaa  to  conceal  ft.  it  i.  important  lo  Inoul,. 
what  Qibar  maan>  ib-ro  ma*  ba  .if  a-K^Brta.ning 
It.     TTiaaa  mo»ra»an.i  of  lha  fwi  »  may  .oma- 
limea  ^a«cllad  by  a  auddan  tppl.t.iioi  of  ib* 
band,  haying  baan  pra»lou.ly  randtred  coUl  by 
imrimion   Tn  water,  oa   to  the  front  of  ih« 
•bdoiaao.      Another  melbod  ia  lo  a|>|>ly  un« 
hand   v-lnt  Iba  aida  of  iba   ntrrini   tumor, 
aiid    a    be  lame  time  lo  imprcM  tba  opi).«it, 
aide  quickly  with  the  Rngei.  „f  iha  other  Ln.l 
B«t  the  moat  reliabia  meant  conaiM*  iv  <h« 
epplicntioo  of  autcttltatioo,  or  tke  ..a  t*^  the 
MelkoacoM.    ThU  U  raao   ad  to  f^r  lha  wir. 
poM  of  diaeovaring—  •^ 

Air*/.  ITje  toufBe,  or  placaolal  Murni. 
AraW.  The  poiutic..  of  the  fceial  haait. 
Tba  firat  la  a  low.  ■imnoring,  ^  cooing  tound. 
acc«mp«,i«d  by  a  ,  ,,ht  ru.wng  no1»e,  b« 
without  any  j,«uJc..  ^f  im,,u|J:  U  U  i«! 
chronoui  w,ih  the  puUe  ,rf  the  moihe,.  ud 
varic*  not  in  ita  tituaijon  during  the  cour»«  of 
the  same  pregnancy.     lu  seat  in  the  abdomen 


"  "**  **!T  '"  P'™P"«'«» '"  «he  prograesiwa  ad-' 
■ud  it  la  liablo  to 


--  »be  change  in  Uic  „i«ni8  inen.     me 

,i!^i7Wr  '"'~<*««»»  causae  «  detetroina- 
"on  of  biooA  to  tk«|  orgu,  which  devdopa  at  i 


vanca  of  the  pregnaacy 
iiUermiaaions. 

l!^  2:  ^'  *•  '^^  ^  '♦°""«  p«l«iions. 
r^^^l^f^a'*'^  "P**"'  ""•"'"•Hng  from  one 
bundr^  and  twenty  to  one  hundr.d  and  lixiy 

unlil  the  «d  of  the  fifth  month.  wmJ  bacotna 
«ore  -.^«£t  aa  the  pre«M«cy  adv»iw«». 
Their  aomca  being  the  foctj  heart,  t^,;  ►,-, 
wdl  vary  with  iHe  varying  p««ion  r*  i.a. 
fcetofc  AuKultalion.  if  suecaisAU,  w.  wnj' 
5*thi  falSfc  P^nancy.  but  alw  the  ki 

••DwHJIaiun  Mad.  IMct.  /V*. 


!3« 


LAW. 


Si  A 


Then  ii  1(111  another  indication  of  preg- 
Hancyr;  and  that  in  a  bluish  tint  of  the  vagina, 
extending  from  the  ua  externum  to  ths  oa 
uteri.  It  It  a  violet  color,  like  leea  of  wine, 
and  ii  caused  by  the  increased  vascularity 
of  the  genital  system  consei;u<!nt  upon  con- 
ception. But  any  similar  cause  otner  than 
conception  may  produce  the  tiame  appear- 
ance. 

Inde|)endent  of  what  may  be  found  on  this 
^subject  in  works  on  medical  jurisprudence  and 
niiuwifery,  that  of  Dr.  Montgomery  on  the 
"  Signs  and  Indications  of  Pregnancy  "  ii  the 
fullest  and  moat  reliable. 

The  laws  relating  to  prtgnancy  concern  the 
circumstances  under  and  the  manner  in  which 
the  fact  is  ascertained.  Thern  are  two  cases 
where  the  fact  whether  a  woman  is  or  has  been 
pregnant  is  important  to  ascertain.  The  one 
is  when  it  is  supnoted  she  pretends  pregnancy, 
and  the  other  when  she  ia  charged  with  con-^ 
cealing  it. 

Pretended  pregnancy  may  arise  from  two 
causes  i  the  one  when  a  widow  feigns  herself 
with  child  in  order  to  produce  a  suppoAitltiout 
heir  to  the  estate.  The  presumptive  heir  mav 
in  such  case  have  a  writ  dt  vtntrt  insfieiindo 
(of  examining  the  abdomen),  by  which  the 
sheriff  is  commanded  to  have  such  made,  and 
the  fact  determined  whether  pregnancy  exists 
or  not,  by  twelve  matrons,  in  ihe  presence  of 
twelve  knights.  If  the  result  determine  the 
fact  of  pregnancy,  then  she  is  to  be  kept  under 
proper  guard  until  the  i«  delivered.  If  the 
pregnancy  be  negatived,  tne  presujaptive  heii 
IS  admitted  to  the  inheritance.*  A  practice 
quite  similar  prevailed  in  the  civil  law. 

The  second  cause  of  pretended  pregnancy 
occurs  when  a  woman  is  under  sentence  of 
defith  for  the  commission  of  a  crime.  At 
common  law,  in  case  this  plea  bs  made  before 
execution,  the  court  mutt  direct  a  jury  cf 
twelve  matrons,  or  discreet  women,  to  ascertain 
the  fact,  and  if  they  bringin  their  veidict 
OHick  with  child  (fur  barely  vntk  ekiU,  nnisu 
It  be  alive  in  the  womb,  it  npt  tofllicient),  exe- 
cution shall  be  stayed,  generally  till  the  ntxt 
setsioi.  of  the  court,  and  lo  from  acuion  to 
session,  till  either  she  ft  delivered  or  pravet  by 
the  course  of  nature  not  to  have  been  with 
child  at  all.« 

In  Scotland,  all  that  ia  necesaary  to  be 
proved,  to  have  execution  delayed,  is  the  fact 
of  pregnancy,  no  difference  being  made  whe- 
ther she  be  quick  with  child  or  not.  Thia  ia 
iilao  the  provision  of  the  French  penal  code 
upon  this  anUect.  In  thia  countiy,  there  is 
little  doubt  that  dear  proof  that  the  woman 
was  pregnant,  thongli  not  Quick  with  child, 
would  at  common  law  be  nlBdlent  to  obtain  a 
respite  of  execution  nntUaficrdelivety.  Thedif- 
licultv  lies  in  making  the  proof  auficiAitly  clear, 
the  signs  aad  indicatioos  b«^  all  somewliat 

«.t  Shaitweod,  Bhshti,  Coaisa.  4S<:  OoIm  BIi. 
}M:  4Btoii<nai.9o;  tP.  Will. Ch.  191;  CoxCr.Cat. 
■97.   v-4  Sharswoed,  Vidut.  Coant.  394, 395;  1  Bay, 


uncertain,  M>aie  of  them  wanting,  all  liable  t« 
variation,  and  conviction  of  the  fact  onlv  fasten- 
ing upon  \hn  mind  when  a  number  of  them,  in- 
explicable upon  any  other  hypothesis,  concur 
in  that  one  result.  In  New  York  there  is  a  stat- 
ute regulation,*  by  which  the  sheriff'  is  authorized 
to  summon  a  jury  of  six  physicians  when  a  pree- 
nant  I'emale  convict  is  under  sentence  of  death, 
and,  if  the  inquisition  by  them  executed  find 
that  such  convict  is  quick  wi'.h  child,  execution 
shall  be  suspended,  and  the  inquisition  trans- 
mitted to  the  governor;  and  whenever  he  shall 
become  satisfied  that  she  is  no  longer  quick 
with  chlM,  he  shall  issue  his  warrant  for  her 
execution 

Pregnancy  ia  seldom  concealed  except  for 
the  crwiinal  purpose  of  desiroying  the  life  of  the 
foetus  in  utero,  or  of  the  child  immediately 
upon  its  birth.  Infant  lite  ia  easily  extin- 
guished ;  while  ]}roof  of  the  unnatural  crime  is 
hard  to  be  furnished.  This  has  led  to  the 
passage  of  laws,  calculated  to  facilitate  the 
proofed  also  to  punish  the  very  act  of  conceal- 
ment of  pregnancy  and  death  of  the  child,  when, 
if  bom  aUve,  it  would  have  been  illegitimate. 

pKOUcino.  See  FamaDs;  iNrAMTiciDX, 
above. 

Pulsation  ia  the  beating  or  throbbing  of 
the  heart,  or  of  an  aitery  in  process  of  carrying 
on  the  circulation  of  the  blood ;  beating  with- 
out paid,  as  distinguished  from  verberatioo,  or 
beating  with  pain.* 

Qu  ICKSMINO  ia  becoming  alive ;  the  sensation 
a  mother  has  of  the  motion  of  the  child  she 
has  conceived.  The  ]]eriod  when  quickening 
ia  fint  experienced  varies  from  the  tenth  to  the 
twenty-fifth,  but  ia  nsnally  about  the  sixteenth 
week  from  conception.'  It  was  formerly  sup- 
posed that  either  the  child  was  not  alive  nntil 
the  time  of  quickening,  or  that  it  had  acquired 
same  new  kind  of  existence  that  it  did  not  pos- 
sets before;  hence  the  presumption  of  law  that 
dates  the  life  of  the  child  from  that  time.  The 
child  b,  in  &ct,  alive  from  the  first  moment  of 
conception,  anil,  according  to  its  age  and  sute 
of  dcirelqxnent,  has  different  modes  of  mani- 
festing its  life,  and,  dnrirg  a  portion  of  the 
«)eriod  of  MStation,  by  its  notion.  By  the 
growth  of  the  embryo  the  womb  is  Enlarged 
until  ft  becmnes  of  loo  Igreat  a  sise  to  beton- 
tained  in  the  peh-is;  it  then  rises  Into  the  ab- 
domen, when  tne  motion  of  the  feetns  is  fbr  the 
fint  time  felt.  Quickening,  as  indiciuing  a 
distinct  poiTit  in  the  existence  of  the  faetiis,l>as 
no  (bunAoion  in  physiology;  for  it  arises 
merely  from  the  relation  which  the  organs  6f 
pestation  liear  *'a  the  partt  that  snmmnd  them; 
It  may  take  place  early  or  late,  according  to  the 
condition  ol  these  diferent  puts,  bnt  not  fram 
any  Inherent  vitality  for  the  (rst  time  mani- 
fested Inr  the  fcetns. 

Aa  life,  \if  law,  is  said  to  commence  when  a 
woiuaa  &Mt  oeoootes  quick  with  child,  so  pro- 


uk  idtrtea.     x-3  Shanw.  B,  Coo*.  1*9,* 
Lex. /Mmmv.   y-Dtaauui  llidar.  1*9. 


oTdM 


.a.M)WiMa*MM« 


1 


hem  wanting,  all  liable  t« 
:tifln  of  Ihe  fact  only  fasten- 
vhen  a  number  of  them,  in- 
<f  other  hypotheaie,  concur 
n  New  York  there  it  a  ttat- 
hich  the  sheriff  it  authorized 
lis  phytidana  when  a  preg- 
it  under  tentence  of  death, 
ion  by  them  executed  find 
()uic1(  wi'.h  child,  execution 
and  the  inquitltion  trant- 
lor;  and  whenever  he  thall 
U  ihe  is  no  longer  quicic 
.  ittue  hit  wurrant  for  her 

lorn  concealed  except  for 
of  desiroying  the  life  of  the 
of  the  child  immediately 
nfant  lite  ia  easily  eatin- 
>f  of  the  unnatural  crime  it 
ed.  Thit  hat  led  to  the 
alculated  to  facilitate  the 
nish  the  very  act  of  conceaU 
nd  death  of  the  child,  when, 
Id  have  been  illegitimate. 
FamaDB;  iNrANTiciOR, 

e  beating  or  throbbing  of 
Ttery  in  proceaa  of  cariTing 
f  the  blood ;  beating  with- 
ilthed  from  verfacntioB,  or 

learning  tlive;  theientation 
e  motion  of  the  ehild  the 
e  iieriod  when  quickening 
raiiet  from  the  tenth  to  the 
ntnally  about  the  sixteenth 
on.'  It  was  formerly  tup- 
le child  was  not  alive  until 
ing,  or  that  it  had  acquired 
xittcnce  that  it  did  not  pot- 
the  presumption  of  law  that 
child  from  that  time.  The 
«  from  the  fint  moment  of 
Doiding  to  its  age  and  state 
I  different  modes  of  mani- 
I,  duripg  a  portion  of  the 
,  by  its  motion.  By  the 
ryo  the  womb  is  <nhiged 

too  igreat  a  sise  to  bexen- 
1}  it  then  rises  into  the  ab- 
otion  of  the  foetus  is  fbr  the 
lidtening,  as  indicating  a 

existence  of  the  ftetus,lias 
idiytiolc^:  for  it  arises 
jaticm  wbicn  the  organs  6f 
>  parts  that  surround  them ; 
riy  or  late,  ncoording  to  the 
liferent  puts,  but  not  firom 
7  for  the  (lit  time  mani- 

I  said  to  commence  when  a 
a  quick  with  child,  to  pero- 

tcv.  Stat.  <&.  37>  M  aat*  of  the 
raw.  Bl,  Coaiw.  uo,*  OaWaM 
■na  lUdar.  1*9. 


LAW. 


m 


««rfng  an  abortion  after  that  period  is  a  mitde- 
iiHninor.  Before  this  time,  formerly  the  law 
<i;j  not  interfere  to  prevent  a  pregnant  woman 
convicted  of  a  capital  offence  from  lieing  exe- 
cuted.' If,  however,  the  humanity  of  the  law 
of  the  present  day  would  not  allow  a  woman 
10  be  executed  who  itfrwiment  tnctinlt*^  1.  /., 
pregnant,  although  not  quicic,  it  would  be  but 
carrying  out  the  tame  desire  to  interfere  with 
lung-establithed  rules,  to  hold  that  the  penalty 
for  procuring  abortion  should  alto  extend  to 
the  whole  period  of  pregnancy. 

Somnambulism  is  the  act  or  practice  of  walk- 
ing m  sleep  j  sleep-walking.    The  mental  con- 
uition  of  this  affection  it  not  very  unlike  that 
of  dreaming.     Many  of  their  phenomena  are 
the  same ;  und  the  former  differs  from  the  lat- 
ter chiefly  in  the  larger  number  of  the  functions 
involved  iu  the  abnormal  procett.    In  addition 
to  the  mental  activity  common  to  both,  the  tom- 
nambulitt  enjoys  the  use  of  hit  lentea  in  tome 
degree,  and  the  power  of  locomotion.    He  is 
therebv  enabled  to  peiform  manual  operations 
as  well,  frequently,  as  in  hit  wakmg  tUte. 
The  farmer  goet  to  hit  bam  and  threthes  his 
grain;  the  houte-iervant  lighta  a  fire  and  pre- 
pares the  breakfast  for  the  £unily;  and  the 
scholar  goes  to  his  desk  and  writes  or  reads. 
Usually,  however,  the  action  of  the  senses  is 
more  or  leu  imperfect,  many  of  the  impres- 
Mons  being  incorrectly  or  not  at  all  perceived. 
1  he  person  walks  against  a  wall,  or  stumbles 
over  au  object  in  his  path;  he  mistakes  some 
projection  for  a  horse,  ttrides  across  it,  and  im- 
agmet  himself  to  be  riding;  he  hears  the  faint- 
est tound  connected  with  what  he  is  doing, 
while  the  voices  of  persons  near  him,  even  the 
biMt  of  a  trumpet,  are  entirely  unnoticed.    Oc- 
cationally  the  power  of  the  aentet  it  increased 
to  a  degree  tt^known  in  the  waking  sute.    For 
the  most  put  U.e  operations  of  the  somnambu- 
list consist  in  gating  up  while  aaleep,  groping 
about  in  the  daric,  endeavoring  to  make  hU 
way  out  of  the  house  through  doors  or  win- 
dows, making  some  inarticulate  sounds,  per- 
haps, and  all  the  while  unconscious  of  persons 
or  things  around  him.    The  power  of  tht  per- 
ceptive facuUies,  as  well  as  that  of  the  senses. 
It  sometimes  increased  in  a  wonderful  degree. 
The  somnambulist  always  awakes  suddenly, 
aud  hat  but  a  faint  toncepHon,  if  any,  of  what 
he  haa  teen  thinking  and  doing.    If  conscioui 
of  anything,  it  is  ofan  unpleasant  dream  im- 
perfecUv  remembered.    Thi»  fact,  not  being 
generally  known,  will  often  enable  us  to  detect 
simulated  aomnambulimi.    If  the  person  on 
waking  continues  the  saine  train  of  thought 
and  punne.  the  same  pl&ns  and  purposes  which 
he  did  whUe  asleep,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
he  is  feigning  the  affection.    When  a  real  som- 
nanUHilnt,  for  some  criminal  purpose,  under- 
taku  to  simulate  a  puoxysm,  he  is  not  at  all 
lik'sly  to  imitate  one  of  his  ownprarious  parox- 
ysms, for  the  simple  reason  that  he  knows  less 


suwr.  Di«  «jreh«lofto,.«ie.«.^«rti.   •a^OiBy  | 


than  others  how  ha  appeared  while  in  them. 
If,  therefore,  somnambulism  is  alleged  in  any 
given  case,  with  no  other  proof  than  the  occur- 
rence  of  former  pwoxysmt  unquestionably  gen- 
uine, it  must  be  viewed  with  suspicion  irtho 
character  of  the  alleged  paroxysm  differs 
materially  from  that  of  the  genuine  ones.  In 
one  way  or  another,  a  case  of  simulation 
would  generally  be  detected  by  meant  of  a 
dote  and  intelligent  tcrutiny,  to  difficult  it  it  to 
imitate  that  mixture  of  contcioutneu  and  un- 
conKioutnett,  of  dull  aud  tharp  perceptions, 
which  tomnambuliam  presents.  The  history  of 
the  individual  may  throw  some  light  on  the 
matter.  If  he  has  had  an  opportunity  of  wit- 
nessing the  movementt  of  a  tomnambulist  in 
the  course  of  his  life,  thit  fact  alone  would 
route  tuspicion,  which  would  be  greatly  in- 
creased  if  the  alleged  paroxysm  presented 
many  traiu  like  those  of  the  paroxysms  pre- 
viously witnessed. 

The  legal  consequences  of  somnambulism 
should  be  precisely  those  of  insanity,  which  it 
ao  nearly  resembles.  The  party  should  be  ex- 
empt  from  punishment  for  hit  criminal  adt, 
and  be  held  amenable  in  damaget  for  tori*  and 
tretpatses.  The  only  postlble  exception  to 
this  prindpla  is  to  be  found  in  those  cases 
where  the  somnambulist,  by  meditating  long 
on  a  criminal  act  while  awake,  it  therety  led 
to  commit  it  In  hit  next  paroxysm.  Such  being 
generally  the  fact,  too  much  indulgence  ought 
not  to  be  shown  to  the  criminal  acts  of  the 
somnunbulist.*  But  this  is  rather  refined  and 
hasardous  speculation,  and  seems  like  punish- 
ing men  solely  for  bad  intentions,  because  the 
acts,  though  ostensibly  the  ground  of  punish- 
ment, are  actuallythase  of  a  person  deprived 
of  h  s  reason.  The  truth  is,  however,  that 
criminal  acU  have  been  committed  in  a  state 
of  somnambulism  by  persons  of  irreproachable 
character.* 

STttiUTT  Is  barrenness;  unfruitfulness; 
inability  to  produce  young)  inability  to  im- 
pregnate or  conceive.  When  incuraUe  at  the 
time  of  marriage,  and  arising  from  Impotency, 
it  is  a  good  cause  for  dIasolTing  a  marriage.' 
See  IMPOTBNCY,  above. 

St«ciD«  is  self-destruction;  self-murder;  the 
act  of  designedly  destroying  one's  own  life. 
To  constitute  suidde^  the  person  must  be  of 
years  of  discretion,  and  of  sound  mind.*  This 
was  once  remrded  by  the  common  law  as  ex- 
clusively  a  felonious  act;  of  lue,  however,  it 
has  been  often  treated  as  the  result  of  inunity. 
to  be  followed  by  all  the  legal  consequences 
of  that  dUease,  so  far  as  it  is  practicable:  That 
suicide  may  be  cpmmittod  fy  a  person  in  the 
foil  enjoyment  of  his  reason  there  can  be  nc 
doubt)  nor  can  there  be  any  doubt  that  it  is 
often  the  reault  of  unquestionable  insanity 
Between  the  two  kinds  of  suicide  here  indi- 
cated,  the  medical  Jurist  U  obliged  to  dlscrimi- 


i 


Si 


i; 


t1 
I 


IM 


urn. 


nate,  and  In  perfomttng  this  daty  the  flicto  on 
th«  lubjcct  should  b«  carefulljr  coniidcred. 

!%«  iiittinct  of  telf-pretervalion  U  not  m 
Itrnng  m  to  prevent  men  entirely  from  being 
tired  of  life  and  Meicing  their  own  deatniction. 
They  may  have  exheutted  all  their  $ourct»  of 
enjoyment,  their  plans  of  bukinew  or  of  honor 
may  have  been  iruktrated,  poverty  or  diohonor 
may  l>e  staring  them  in  the  face,  the  difficulliea 
before  them  may  icem  utterly  inscrmouutable, 
and,  for  some  reason  like  tkese,  they  calmly 
and  deliberately  resolve  to  avoid  the  evil  t^ 
ending  their  life.  The  act  may  be  unwise  and 
presumptuous,  but  there  is  in  ft  no  element  of 
disease.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  well  known 
that  suicidal  desires  are  a  very  common  trait 
of  insanity— that  a  lai^  proportion  of  the  in- 
sane attempt  or  meditate  self'deatruction.  It 
may  be  prompted  by  a  particular  delusion,  or 
by  a  sense  of  irresistible  necessity.  It  may  be 
•  manifested  in  the  sha|)e  of  a  well-considered, 
persistent  intention  to  seise  upon  the  first  oppor- 
tunity to  terminate  life,  or  of  a  blind,  automatic 
impulse  acting  without  much  regard  to  means 
or  circumstances.  As  the  disease  gives  way 
and  reason  is  restored,  this  propeouty  disap- 
pears, and  the  love  of  life  retnras. 

Besides  these  two  forms  of  tht  suicidal  pro- 
pensity, there  are  other  p>  '  which  cannot 
be  referred  with  tny  d.^,  '  certainty  to 

either  of  them.  Persons,  k  .stance,  in  the 
enjoyment  of  evenrthing  calculated  to  make 
life  happy,  and  exhibiting  no  sign  ot  ipontal 
disease,  deliberately  end  their  days.  Another 
class,  on  approaching  a  precifdce  or  a  body  ^ 
water,  are  seized  with  a  desire,  which  nay  be 
irresistible,  to  uke  the  fatal  plunge.  Many  an 
the  CAses  of  children  who,  aAer  aone  mild  re- 
proof, or  slight  contradiction,  or  trivial  duwp- 
pointment,  have  gone  at  once  to  some  retired 
plac^  and  taken  their  lives.  Every  case  must 
De  judged  bv  the  circumstances  accompanying 
it,  always  allowing  the  benefit  of  the  donbt.  to 
be  given  to  the  side  of  buniMdiy  and  justice. 

By  the  comtaon  law  suicide  was  treated  as  a 
crime,  and  the  person  ibrfeited  all  chattels,  real 
or  personal,  and  various  other  peopetty.'  This 
result  can  be  avoided  fay  ettwlishing  the  in- 
sanity of  the  party;  and  in  England,  of  late 
years,  courts  have  favored  this  course  whenever 
the  legal  effect  oC  suicide  would  operate  as  a 
punishment.  On  the  other  hand,  where  the 
rights  and  interests  of odier  paitietare  involved, 
the  question,  of  inMsnitr  is  more  closeW.  acrutin- 
ized ;  and  ample  proof  is  required  of'^the  party 
on  whom  the  Dardta  of  prxit  lies. 

In  regard  to  wills  maae  just  before  ounmit- 
ting  suicide,  the  prevalent  doctrine  on  this 
point,  both  in  th*  United,  States  and  in  Eng- 
land*  is  that  the  act  of  self-dcstraction  may  not 
necessarily  imply  insanity,  and  th*t  if  the  will 

Hitgg,  ted.  leg 


]?;**;:^d.Ki''-'&=^i'*^; 

llaiin.<tO.«7:  s.Id.e39;  aAO;  Msss.  96;  seeWhar- 
«»a,  Mental  UsMimdiMH't  PIUIUbs  Ins.    I-13  **- 
399;    Ross,  ft  R.(>7Cm.s*3-   J-i  BmV  MM 

193;  CsMSB, Supnfoiatlos ;  iBtuaiUti.Ug. 


J!t: 


is  a  rational  act,  rationally  done,  the  sanity  oi 
the  testator  is  established.* 

In  life-insurance,  in  ev«iy  esse  of  intentionsl 
sulci  ie,  whatever  may  have  been  the  neniol 
condition,  the  policy  becomes  void.* 

In  cases  of  persons  found  defd,  the  cause 
may  not  be  always  perfectly  obvious,  and  it  be- 
comes necessarv  to  detemine  whether  death 
was  an  act  of  saicide,  or  murder.  This  is  often 
one  of  the  roost  diflkult  questions  in  the  whole 
range  of  medical  jurisprudence,  requiring  for 
its  solution  the  most  profound  knowledge  of 
surgery  end  physiology,  and  great  practical  ss- 
nctty.  lo  case  of  diutth  caused  by  wounds, 
the  kind  and  situation  of  the  weapcm,  the  ex- 
tent, direction,  and  situation  of  the  wounds, 
their  connection  with  marks  of  blows,  the  tem- 
per and  disposition  of  the  person,  all  these  and 
many  other  circumstances  must  be  carefully 
and  intelligently  investigated.  The  frequency 
with  which  cases  of  suidde  strongly  resemble, 
in  their  external  characters,  those  of  mnrder, 
renders  ueceesary  the  highest  degree  of  skill 
and  carefiil  discrimination.  If  one  counsel* 
another  to  ooounit  suicide,  and  is  present  at  the 
consumr  stion  of  the  act,  it  is  murder  in  the 
principal.' 

SunanzTATiON  is  the  conception  of  a  child 
by  a  woman  already  pregnant  with  another, 
dutinf  the  time  of  such  pregnancy.  It  is  a 
doctrine  that  seems  to  be  estaUished  by  numer- 
ous casesJ 

VUBKRATION.    See  PiasATioN,  above. 

Wotmn  are  any  lesions  of  the  body  whereby 
blood  is  drawn,  indnding  contusions,  gnnshiH 
wounds,  indsiooB,  UoeraOons,  punctures,  etc. 
To  constitute  a  wound  the  continuity  of  the 
skin  murt  be  broken,^  md  not  merely  the 
cuticle,  but  the  true  skin  miist  be  divided'  If 
the  skin  be  broken  the  meai  by  which  it  wu 
done  are  not  material.  A  kick  may  give  a 
wound."    See  Death,  above. 

Mmcantils  Law.     See  tiUes  Agmcv 
BAiLMum;   Bonos,  Nons,  and   Bills, 

COMTKACTS;  INSUIANCK;  INTUBT,  CTC,, 
nc,  ante. 

MILITARY  LAW  is  a  system  of  regula- 
tions for  the  government  of  aiv  army.>  It  Is  to 
be  distinguiiAed  firooa  martial  law,  wkldi  ex- 
tends to  sll  persons.  Martial  law  snpereades 
and  suspends  all  civil  hw;  butmiliMHy  law 
is  superadded  and  sufaordiaau  to  thi  dvil 
law.* 

MUHICIPAL  LAW  is  that  govcniBg  a 
single  natkM,  state,  district,  city,  town,  00m- 
mnnity,  cftc.  It  is  distingiUshed  from  iattr- 
nationallaw. 

PLAO9-LAW  OP. 

Thehiwof  the  pkce,ierjpAri;  and  is,  in  gen- 
eral, only  used  fer  law  of  the  plsce  wbou  the 
contract  was  m»de,  or  .where  the  act  was  per- 
formed or  to  be  performed. 

C.3t8.  jl^^fSHUi.3l77»a.  ^[les?Ke^!^iasi. 
lo;  34lfS.isS. 


1 


Xi 


ttionally  dona,  th«  lanity  oi 

bliihed.f 

,  in  cv^ty  ctM  of  intenlionil 

n«r  have  been  the  mental 

7  becomea  void.* 

•ona  found  defx),  the  cauM 

perfectly  obvioua,  and  it  l>e- 

0  determine  whether  death 
le,  or  murdsr.  Thb  ia  ofken 
Rcull  quertiona  in  the  whole 
jurlaprudence,  requiring  for 
oat  profound  knowledge  of 
logjr,  and  great  practical  »a- 
if  death  cauaed  bjr  wound«, 
Uon  of  the  weapon,  the  ex- 

1  aitnation  of  the  WMindi, 
ith  marka  of  blowt,  the  tem- 

of  the  person,  all  thcac  and 
naUnccs  muit  be  carefully 
iveatigated.  The  frequency 
f  auidde  strongly  rcaemble, 
lianicters,  those  of  mnrder, 
the  higheat  degree  of  akill 
nlBation.  If  one  counaels 
Hticide,  and  ia  present  at  the 
the  act,  it  ia  murder  in  the 

I  ia  Ifae  conception  of  a  child 
uly  pregnant  with  another, 
f  auch  pregnancy.  It  is  a 
I  tobe  estnUisheaby  numer- 

S«e  PuiMTioN,  above. 

lesions  of  the  body  whereby 
eluding  contusions,  gnnshut 

kcarations,  punctnna,  etc. 
Dund  the  continuity  of  the 
ken,*'  pnd  not  merely  the 
I  akin  most  be  divided.'    If 

the  mear  b*  which  it  was 
trial.  A  iiick  may  give  a 
vtu,  aixnre. 

AW.  See  titlat  Agwcy; 
DB,  Noras,  AMD  Bills; 
JKANCKt   iMTmanr,  »c, 

<AiW  is  n  system  oCragula- 
imettt  of  niv  army.*  It  Is  'to 
•on  martiKl  law,  wUdi  «<■ 
a.  Martial  law  sapareades 
:ivil  law ;  but  miliiMif  law 
1  subordinate  to  tM  dvil 

LAW  ia  that  govemtng  a 
a,  district,  city,  town,  oon- 
I  distinguished  Aooi  ialsr' 

4ace,  A»  Ml  and  is.  In  gen- 
law  ni  the  place  whan  the 
or.whara  tna  act  waa  p«r- 
iormad. 

ai.»7»a.  ltSf|R«K«^rGQai«t. 


LAW. 


JOS 


/h  Coniracti.  It  It  a  general  principle  sp- 
plylng  to  contracts  made,  righu  acquired,  or 
«ct»  done,  relative  tojpcnonal  property,  that  thj 
law  of  the  place  of  making  the  contract  or 
doing  the  net  is  to  govern  it,  and  <lelemiine 
ii»  validity  or  invalidity,  as  well  as  the  rigliis 
of  parties  undt  ■  it  Ih  all  mailers  leaching  the 
mmles  of  execution  and  authentication  o?  the 
form  or  insfrument  of  contract }  and  alto  iii  rp- 
lalion  to  the  use  and  meaning  of  the  language 
in  which  it  is  exprcMed,  iHe  con»truction  ond 
interpreliition  of  it,  the  leg*.!  duties  and  bliga- 
lions  imposed  Iw  if,  and  Ihc  legal  riglits  uml 
immunities  acquired  under  it.»  This  princijiic, 
though  general,  does  not,  however,  apply  where 
the  parties  at  the  time  of  entering  into  the  con- 
tract had  the  law  of  another  kingdom  in  view, 
or  where  the  law  of  place  is  in  iUelf  unjust, 
against  good  morals,  or  contrary  to  the  public 
law  of  the  State,  aa  regarding  the  interests  of 
religion  or  morAlily.  or  the  general  well-being 
of  society.*  And  where  the  place  of  perform- 
ance is  different  fronr  the  place  where  the  con- 
tract is  DMde,  it  is  pre»umed  the  parties  had  the 
law  of  the  former  in  mind. 

The  law  of  place  is  presuqied  to  be  the  umc 
as  that  of  the  forum  unlen  shown  to  be  other- 
wise.* 

Th*  Intnfrttatim,  FormaKtus,  tit. ;  Com- 
ilrutKtn  andObHgatimefContratts,ttt.  The 
interpretation  of  contncts  is  to  be  governed  by 
the  law  of  the  cointry  where  th-;  contract  waa 
made.*  The  law  of  place  governs  as  to  the 
formalities  and  authentication  requisite  to  the 
valid  ekwution  of  contracts.*  But  in  proving 
the  axistenca  of,  or  seeking  remedies  for  the 
breach,  as  well  aa  all  qneations  relating  to  the 
competancgr  qf  witne«scs,  course  of  procedure, 
etc.,  the  law  of  the  fqrum  must  govern.'  The 
law  of  plac^  governs  as  to  the  construction  of 
contracu,B  unless  from  their  tenor  it  must  be 
presumed  tl^^y  were  entered  into  with  a  view  to 
the  laws  of  some  otber  State.^    Thispresump- 


HiBfb.(lI.C.V,M,,»: 
P«-  3»7;^  n  U.  31*.  m;  l  — 

hi.  jii;  <  Vt..io(;  a  IKk.  n.  (9: 


•  OsHt  ft  T.  He.  L. 

■  N.H.Mi   J  Id. 

-  .■ -« i  >  jnui.  n,  (9 :  8  CusH.  3D  ; 

'a.  4ns   14 M.  W;,  M  Byfc  nl:  .,  fna. 


FefBaMaMarr.ftDlv.3R5;  ■Bnrr. 
I  i  0  Pat.,  i^a;  i  H09.  it^;   j  Id 


tma.  4j| :    Story 


e-4«  Jla.  »«!  »J  ta.  An.  ayj;  tj 
«!  ♦'««J.«4;  fc«««*jlpwa.3«|. 
7:  a  B.  ft_Ad.  746;  A  T,  R.  miTi 
i'-'»!   I  B.  ftAd.  04:  to  B.  ft  C. 


u-utiMa.  SOI,  907 : 

9S?*-V.'.'«P>yC«««.  L.|«7J>:   CMtnnKSii.4; 


y»i"f^'a»'   lJ!-**i'a!«    "Wtw!.439; 
Bub.  Ill;  t3lia«l.soa;  14 B. fimi.  sSCi  isMtM.j9t. 


lion  arises  where  the  place  of  performance  ia 
dih'erent  from  the  place  of  making.'  An  obligiv 
lion  mav  be  incurred  under  the  law  of  place 
which  there  is  no  mrnns  of  enforcing  in  that 
country,  and  which  may  be  enforced  in  another 
cuuiih'y.) 

A  lien  or  privilege  created  by  the  law  of  place 
will  generally  be  enforced  wherever  the  property 
may  1)«  IVjund,*  but  not  necessarily  in  preferenve 
to  claims  arising  under  the  law  of  the  forum.* 
A  distharge  from  the  performance  of  a  con- 
tract under  the  law  of  place  is  a  discharge 
everywhere."  A  distinction  is  to  be  taken  be- 
tween discharging  a  contract  and  Uking  away 
the  remedy  for  a  breach." 

CoHiracts  Made  Partly  in  ont  Slalt  and 
Partiy  in  Atutthtr.  Where  a  contract  is  made 
partly  in  one  country  and  partly  in  another,  it 
IS  a  contract  of  the  place  where  the  assent  of 
the  parties  first  concurs  and  becomes  complete,* 
As  between  the  place  of  making  and  the  place 
of  performance.  Where  the  place  of  performance 
is  specified,  the  law  of  the  place  of  perform- 
ance governs  as  to  obligation,  interpretation, 
etc.'  Where  the  contract  is  to  be  performed 
generally,  the  law  of  the  place  of  making  gov- 
emt.a  If  the  contract  is  to  be  performed  partly 
in  one  state  and  ^lartly  in  another,  it  will  be 
affected  by  the  law  of  both  states.''  In  case* 
of  indorsement  of  negotiable  paper,  every  in- 
dorsement is  a  new  contract,  and  the  place  of 
each  indorsement  is  ita  place  of  contract.*  The 
place  of  payment  is  the  place  of  contract,  how- 
ever, as  between  indonee  and  drawer.*  The 
place  of  acceptance  of  a  drafk  ia  regarded  as 
the  place  of  contract." 

Th*  kgaUty  cr  itttgalUy  of  a  tontratt  will 
be  determined  by  the  Ux  loti,  unless  it  aflecta 
injuriously  the  pttblic  morals  or  rights,  contra' 
venea  the  policy,  or  violates  a  public  law  of  th«i 
country  where  it  is  to  be  enforced.*  A  con- 
tract  illegal  by  the  law  of  the  place  of  its  mak. 
ing  and  purformance  will  generally  be  held  so 


k<iaMas«. 
13  Pet 


>.    t-31  W  L.  ft  Kq.  413 :  i;  Johns,  stt  .• 
L.fti-Mi  Story Oiita. LI 571.    k.-tMart 05;  5U. 


J5;  4Wiica(.i«a,aa9;  »  Id.  U3 :  a  Mas.  C.  C.  161:  t 

Bl«ckf.3M;  3C^nes,«4;»4W«id.4i;aKemComm. 

C.  C.  tt :  s Id.  378 i_4 Cona.  47 :  14  Pel. 


'*-?l"5!'y*!  tt**?**"*!:  aKemComm. 

la  Wi«t.  347;  •PieK  i94i  oConn.  314;  .  Biaekf. 
394:  9  N,  H.  478.    •-■  Panons'  Cootr.  94;  17  N.  H. 


r/- 


■•sMa 
rWhf 


117,  t44:  "  I«i$i  303  !VS»KAib.»»:TGr;y.  3361'   ». 

jEaat.  M4i  ■Calact.iM;   i  Gall.  C.  C.  wi ;   .a  \^. 

I  Id.  «s:  !.HW'  ••»:j'P«lg«,  »«i ; 


■a  Pm.  4j«i  II I 
"    I  17  Id. : 


SE_ 
M;-- 

•  Johns.  i8»: '17' 1^.  sit  :'i  McLinCVcT^lit'ifVt! 
8 :  14  AA.  189  J  7  B.llon.  $7. ;  8  Id.  jctf :  9  \d.  56, 
157:  4  Ollm.  04.)  s*i:  ai  Co.  ,j,  j  jTMii.  «j  j  , 
™><o»  VH!  4  MWi.  450:  a  Kent  Comn  4S9:  Sloiy 
Conn.  5iifSJ.'-'*i4  •«5  "  Texas,  54-  •-a^.  ft  h\i. 
«;  i  s  <^Tt  rillo.  L.  1. 1.  •  x'i.  ft  Cl6:  .  Met 
'**"•«.*%/■  <CmBcli,Mi:  «  Ired.  107!  i7Miu.  no 
r.14  B,  Mob.  ««.  m^  Kent  Comm.  4C0:  P«c.  la 
"^••diJTj'"''>»»-S":9B.ftC.  908:  13  Mass,  i; 
as  Ala.  (N.  8^  139 :  10  N. *.  436;  17  Te«M,  loa.  t" 
S*e.9 N.  Y. 43«j,  ni-jWU. «»: « ^. 6. 43 :  >  6.w.  103; 

;o7j_  4D«v.iii4:  «MfcXaui^C.C.6at;  9Cu>h.  4«:  13 


N.  Y.  »9o ;  i8Coan.  138 :  1*  Mha.  no ;  tea  ante,  Boi>a« 
"—-*  *—»"■-     T-aKsatCoBia..  4sS, 


Noraa,  and  Biixe.' 


S3« 


LAW. 


•verywhera.*    A  contnct  legal  by  the  /tx  loti 
will  ba  to  everywhere,*  unlets  i 

I.  It  I*  injurious  to  public  right*  ormorality.' 

a.  It  contravenes  \Y  •  policy,'  and  it  is  gen- 
erally held  that  (he  claims  of  citisens  are  to  b« 
preferred  to  those  of  foreigners  in  case  of  a 
conflict  of  rights.  Aui;{nments  under  the  in- 
solvent laws  of  a  foreign  state  are  usually  held 
inoperative  as  against  claims  in  the  state  in  re- 
gard to  personal  property  in  the  jurisdiction  of 
vhe  Ux  Jori.* 

3.  Or  violates  a  positive  law  of  the  Itxfori. 
The  application  </  the  tix  Uei  it  a  matter  of 
comity,  and  that  law  must,  in  all  cases,  yield  to 
the  positive  law  of  the  place  of  seeicing  the 
remedy.* 

S/a/M/et  of  Nmitatien  apply  to  the  remedy, 
but  do  not  discharge  the  debt,* 

Tht  valiiiily  or  invalidity  of  a  contratt  as 
affected  by  the  Ux  hti  may  depend  upon  the 
capacity  of  the  parties,  or  the  legality  of  the 
act  to  be  done.  The  capacity  of  the  parties  u 
nifected  by  questions  ol  minority  or  majority, 
iptnrdianship  and  other  penonal  qualities  or 
disabilities,  is  to  be  decicied  by  !hr  law  of  the 
place  of  making  the  contract.*  Personal  dis- 
quolifications  not  arising  from  the  law  of  nature, 
bat  from  positive  law,  and  especially  such  as 
are  penal,  are  strictly  territoiial,  and  are  not  to 
be  enforced  in  any  other  country  than  where 
they  originate.*  Natural  disabilities,  such  as 
Insanity,  imbecility,  etc.,  are  everywhere  recog- 
nized, so  that  the  question  whether  they  are 
controlled  by  the  lex  loti  or  Ux  dtmikilli  seenu 
to  be  theoretic  rather  than  practical. 

In  Torts.  Damages  for  the  commiMion  of 
a  tortuous  act  are  to  be  measured  by  the  law  of 
the  place  vk'here  the  act  was  done.' 

PLACB  OP  SITUATION  OP  THE 
THING. 

Ltx  rri  tiUi  is  law  of  the  place  or  situation 
of  the  thing. 

It  is  the  universal  rule  of  the  common  law 
that  any  title  or  interest  in  land,  or  in  other 
real  estate,  can  only  be  acquired  or  lost  agree- 
ably to  the  law  of  the  place  where  the  same  is 
situate,*  and  the  law  is  the  same  in  this  respect 
ill  regard  to  all  methods  whatever  of  transfer, 
and  every  restraint  upon  alienation.^ 

PR08PECTIVB  LAW  is  that  which  is 

w-i  Gt\\.  C.  C. 

^ld.  401 :   •  Ma*. 
«••  J55;   iN?«  .    ., 

*9i,  t*s  i   17  lU.  3i( :   t6  Tcjtu, 
7T.  R.  »7;   •  Kent  Comm.  458 


■  37Si  •  Man.  88,  So;  a  N.  H.  41; 
.  C.  C.  4M ;  13  P<t.  <Si  7> ;  ■  Johns. 
;.  ft  M'Cord,  173;   s  Harr,  ft  J.  193, 


■J/  ">  i   '7  •"•J"" ;   10   » «»•»,  344     •  Burr.  1077  j 

T.  R.  tsr:   •  K«nt  Comm.  4s8;   Henry  Fonign  L. 

37>  so;  Story  Confl.  L.  t!)4J'    An  ntce^on  to  said 


10  utot  in  cue  of  contncu  mod*  in  violstioii  of  th« 
nvemio  laws.  Cas.  <#«•/,  Hardw.  8$;  a  C.  Rob. 
Adrn.  6 :  1  Dot«l.  sjt ;  i  Cowp  mi  j  •  Cr.  M.  ft  R. 
311:  a  Kant  Comm.  4s8.  Xj3La.  An.  117.  jr-sBorr. 
«68:  Oiwp  37:  *  Carr.  ft  t.  347;  4  B.  4  AB.  <so!  t 
goi.  ft  P.  340;  (J  Ma**.  379:  t  Htrr  ftj.  193.  •« 
Bingh.  214:  a  Sim.  CK  194:  i  Turs  S  R.  sgg;  i 
Dowl.  ft  C.  MSi  i«  Johns  438:  $  Hamiw.  31  j  i 
Grata  Ch.  3*6.  17  Ga.  153.  M-i  Ctmii  Cfc.  iA\  % 
Hamw|;.3i.  3*>(n*  <4A:  nLa  An.  •»«;  M  Barb. 
198:  but*oc  It  Md  34 ;  13  Id:  39*.  I»- 13  Mats.  «:  18 
Fick.  193  i    t  Grctn  Cb.  v^i.  *«  Bar^  631  \_  17  Miss. 


t4T:  Mia  io  N.  V.  «.  «-ii  ^Hmu  361 :  9  kc 
toPlelc.  j>ot  II  Id.  36;  »7  Mass.  m:  a  Pail 
437!V»as.C.C.  n«s.iN.H.»s?;  «Vi.i*r;  tPftft. 


•71 
.   ,    tow.  407  i 
.a  Pains  C.  C. 


applicable  to  the  future  |  It  b  used  in  contra- 
distinction  to  retmspectlve.  To  b«  Just  a  law 
ought  always  to  ba  prospective.' 

REPORT  LAW. 

Kei>okts  are  printed  or  written  oollictiont 
of  accounts  or  relations  of  cases  Judicially  aifucd 
and  determined.  Prior  to  the  year  iloo  there 
were  but  one  or  two  American  reports,  while 
in  England  there  were  very  many.  In  the 
Jurisprudence  of  nearly  every  civilised  country, 
the  force  of  adjudicated  precedents  is  to  a 
greater  or  less  degree  acknowledged.  But  in 
no  countries  are  (hey  so  deferentially  listened 
to,  and,  indeed,  so  implicitiv  obeved  as  in  Eng- 
land and  in  those  countries  wnicb,  like  our 
own,  derive  their  systems  of  Judicial  govern- 
ment from  her.  Tne  European  systems  are 
composed,  much  more  than  either  oura  or  the 
English,  of  codes  {  and  their  courts  relv  far 
more  than  oura  upon  the  opinions  of  eminent 
text  writern.  With  us,  w«  pay  no  taiplicit  re- 
spect to  anything  but  a  "  case  in  point,"  and, 
supposing  the  case  to  be  by  an  authoritative 
court,  when  that  is  cited  it  Is  generally  taken  as 
conclusive  on  the  question  In  issue.  Hence 
both  the  English  4nd  American  Jarisprndence 
is  filled  with  bodes  of  reports  |  tnat  is  to  uy, 
with  accounts  of  cases  which  ha«4  arisen,  and 
the  mode  in  which  they  have  bam  presented, 
considered,  argued,  and  decided.  It  is  of  lata 
yean  usual,  in  the  United  Suies  at  least,  for 
the  courU  to  write  out  their  q>ini(MM  and  de- 
liver them  to  the  reporter,  so  that  usnally  the 
opinion  of  the  court  Is  correctly  giTtn.  Noth- 
injg  can  be  so  various,  as  respects  their  grade 
01  merit,  as  the  English  reports  prior  to  about 
the  year  1776,  and  the  lawyer  ahonld  never 
rely  upon  any  <Mie  of  them  without  knowing 
the  character  of  the  volume  which  he  cites. 
Great  Judicial  mistakes  have  arisen,  even  with 
the  most  able  courts,  fv.-m  want  of  attention  to 
the  diffennt  chanctera  of  the  old  reporten.f 

RETROSPBCTIVB  LAW  Istbat hav- 
ing reference  to  mattera  or  things  existing  before 
its  passage.  Laws  which  operate  upon  tome 
suuect,  contract,  or  crima  which  existed  bafbra 
their  passage,  ai*  generally  ut^vst,  and  art  to 
a  certain  extent  forbidden  bjr  that  artlcla  of  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States  which  pro- 
hibits the  passage  of  tMfMl/ktIt  laws,  or  laws 

(Ala.) 84:  buiste 5 Claili  ft  F.  Ho.  L.  1-17:  9  B.  Men. 
]i3 :  a  Texas,  414 ;  sat  tiMiTAVtoiia.    4-S|Bry  Cool. 
L.  1 103 :  I  OnuM  Ca*.  si.    TIm  autsdon  dt  dbai>!litv 
to  aiakf  a  centraM  on  accoMM  of  InluMy  is  M  ba  d«-.>'.^ 
by  the  Iff  It*-    i  Bfp.  ««J,  qyi  It  Mart  w>- 
!' ^      189 :  I  Ofaat.  Cas.  st :  a  Keal  Cenm.  ait.    < 
■ti*>..  ii. »  entracta  made  by  aawrtod  wcaisa.    Xn«>, 
.      t  JobM.  i8»;  ij  r.x  >^!   S  ■<«.  »« «  •  Paisjas' 

CMS!  8torj-r"i«.t.  |ja».    «-i  PRT  '      «  Id. 

»8«i   t,Falr>e<.Mo;  sQble,  ta*i   »:'!>..';  -'.i-'vii  s 


Rote.  Bank,  ^j ; 
«  Madd.  Ch.  K 


eat  Cmms.  4,v    I^i  r.  wsis.  |M  i  ! 

-  _-  8.  Cb.  ijoi  1  v..  ^ 
i^Voung  ■  C.J114 1  yCrAsr*'. 


Wheat,  tot,  4fei  <  Id.  (at; 
Cb.4<0!   id3.i8a>  <%■ 


4Cew.ue,>  . 


le 


^t^isS^SMLm^s 


lagtasDy.Anaagid.'* 


LAW. 


th*  futnr*  I  it  It  «Md  in  conln. 
retmspectivt.    To  b«  Jnit  a  law 

0  b«  DrotpcKdv*.' 

«  printed  or  written  eolt«ctloni 
elationi  of  cmw  judidallx  uwucd 
(1.  Prior  to  the  y—t  IMO  there 
or  two  American  riporti,  witile 
>icre  were  very  many.  In  (he 
of  nearly  tvary  civiliMd  country, 
*djudicat«4  practdanU  is  to  a 
degree  acknowledged.  But  in 
ire  (hey  lu  deferentially  lialened 
,  to  impliciliy  obeyed  as  In  Eng- 
hoee  countriei  which,  like  our 
leir  (vttemt  of  Judielal  govern- 
r.  Tne  European  lytteme  are 
h  more  than  cither  oura  or  (he 
dent  and  their  courts  relv  far 

1  upon  the  opinions  of  eminent 
iViih  ui,  we  pay  no  implir.it  re- 
ng  but  a  ■<  case  in  point,"  and, 
case  to  be  by  an  authoritative 
t  is  cited  it  is  generally  taken  u 
the  question  in  iuue.  Hence 
sh  ind  American  Jnrtspnidence 
ooks  of  reports)  tnat  u  to  say, 
)f  case*  which  havj  arisen,  and 
hich  they  have  been  presented, 
ued,  and  decided.    It  is  of  tale 

the  United  Stales  at  least,  for 
rite  out  their  ofrinions  and  de- 
he  reporter,  so  that  nsoally  the 
court  u  conttctly  given.  Noth- 
various,  as  respects  their  grade 
I  English  reports  prior  to  about 

and  the  lawyer  should  never 
one  of  them  without  knowing 
it  the  volume  which  ha  cite*, 
nistakei  have  arisen,  even  with 
ourts,  fv'vm  want  of  attention  to 
sracters  of  the  old  reporters.) 
'BCTIVB  LAW  isthathav- 
matten  or  things  existing  before 
aws  which  opicmte  tipon  some 
t,  or  crime  which  existed  before 
n  generally  unjust,  and  are  to 

forbidden  by  that  article  of  the 

the  United  States  which 


J37 


pro* 
laws 


ge  of  **p»afcul»  laws,  or 

5  CUrk  ft  r.  He.  L.  i>iy j  a  B.  Mon. 
i  MS  LiMiTATioMS.  tH-SMrv  Cool. 
Cm.  SI.  The  WMMiea  (ff  dbaMHty 
on«ecaiwiariaiiBe)rlsielwd«<.>',<!4 
3  Efp.  i<j,  mg\  It  Mart  »;; 
It  Cm.  ji  i  t  Kent  Cewi 
isnwde 


-_,- , •'Ik 

•s  'a  iMt  s JUm.  11 J  ■  Pmiom' 


■arried' 
SEaM 


<  M. 

^.•;i  • 
'4i 


■.  4,v     Fl  F.  WSM.  IM 

noi  a  (Me.  is«i   ^  >-&. 
Vet.  ft  9.  Ck.  liai  J  i^  _  . 
^Vpin«ftC.  iMt  »C>jK^  .'-jM 

H.  L.  ft  Ig.  y}.    l-t  Mm».  laet.  Ik 
aecoeetwalen  kas  yet  beta  irtven  ei 


Impairing  conlracti.  The  right  to  pats  retro- 
spective laws,  with  the  above  exception,  exiitt 
in  the  teveral  States,  according  to  their  oivn 
>;im>titutionti  and  they  become  obligiiory  if 
Jilt  prohibited  by  luch  conttitutiont.* 

STATUTE   LAW. 

A  Statutk  It  a  law  etiabiithed  by  the  act 
of  (he  Icgi'ilatlve  (x>wer.  An  ac.  of  the  legit- 
Iniure.  The  written  will  of  the  legitlature, 
Kolemnly  expret»ed  according  to  the  forma 
iicce«*a^  to  conitltute  it  the  Uw  of  the  State, 
ihit  word  it  uted  to  detignate  the  written  law 
ii)  contradittinctlon  to  the  unwritten  law.  See 
«nte,  Common  Law.  An  affirmative  statute 
i«  one  which  is  enacted  in  affirmative  terms. 
Such  a  statute  duet  not  necettarily  take  away 
the  common  law.*  If,  for  example,  a  statute 
without  negative  words  declares  that  when 
ceitain  requisites  thall  have  been  complied 
with,  deeds  shall  have  a  certain  effect  at  evi- 
dence, this  does  not  prevent  their  being  used 
in  evidence,  though  the  requitiles  have  not 
been  complied  with,  in  the  tame  manner  at 
they  might  have  been  before  the  ttatutc  was 
pa.ised.'  Nor  doei  such  an  affirmative  ttatute 
repeal  a  precedent  ttatute  if  the  two  can  bolli 
be  given  elfect.*  A  negative  statute  it  one 
txpretsed  in  negative  terms,  and  to  controls 
(he  common  law  thitt  it  has  no  force  in  oppo- 
tition  to  thestatut'.o  A  declaratory  tututj  it 
one  which  is  patted  in  order  to  put  an  end  to 
u  doubt  as  to  what  is  the  common  law  or  the 
meaning  of  another  statute,  and  which  declares 
what  it  is  and  ever  has  beeix.  A  remeaia.' 
Ktatute  is  one  which  is  made  tc  supply  such 
defects  and  abridge  such  tuperfluities  in  the 
common  law  u  may  have  been  discovered. 
The  term  •'  remrdial  statute  "  is  also  applied 
to  those  acts  which  give  the  party  injured  a 
remedy!  >nd  in  some  retpectt  tuch  ttatutes 
arc  penal.i  A  penal  statute  is  one  which  com- 
loands  or  prohibits  a  thing,  under  a  certain 
penalty<l  A  statute  affixing  a  penalty  to  an 
set,  though  it  does  not  in  words  prohibit  it, 
thereby  makes  it  illegal.'  A  perpetual  statute 
is  one  for  the  continuance  of  which  there  is  no 
limited  time,  althouBh*it  be  not  exproslv  de- 
clared to  be  so.  If  a  -ttatute  which  did  not 
itself  oonuin  any  limi?  aion  is  to  be  governed 
by  another  which  is  temporary  only,  the  former 
will  also  be  temporary  and  dependent  upon 
the  flxistenee  of  tne  latter.'  A  temporary  stat- 
ute ia  one  which  is  limited  in  itt  duration  at  , 
the  time  of  itt  enactment.  It  continues  in 
forco  until  the  time  of  its  limitation  has  ex- 
pired, unlen  tootwr  repealed.    A  statute  which 

*4S.ftR.s«4i  |D«».  S9<i  «Bay.»j»!  rJokn. 
m,  •Ce.a(ilcut.saD;D«arriiStal.4T4-  f-iOUna, 
ie».  j»Dwxrrii  Stat.  474.  h-Bse.  Abr.  Stst.  (O).  f. 
Gtp.  Fm.  Ael.  i.  'i-Kif.  Pm.  Aet.  $,  Bac.  Abr. ;  tea 
nMlwHy,  Bse.  Abr.  Coai.  Dig.  Air/Cw.  Vlnv.  Abr. 
Dmn  Aer.  ladta  i  Chitty  Pr. :  i  Kem  Cotsoi.  44I--4M  i 
Barrisgtoa  8la).  Boscawea  Pm.  Stat. ;  Btp.  Pmi.  Act. 
Owarrtt  Stat ;  ^ediw.  Ceatt.  L.  k-i4  Joknt.  %n\  t 
BIwi.  M»:  37 Jtag.  Uftl4.4»:  14  «•  H.  t»«:  4 
l9wa.  4te )  f  lad.  rtx.  I-Bae.  Abr.  Stat.  (D).  ■t-Boo. 
Abrrsiat(l>.)i  i  Bl.  Comai.  Is.M:  Dwwtlt  Sum. 
(m:  4C«.  »4!  I  T.  R.  »t5!  Skin;.  S*»«  aadtteHak. 
HbL  CasMa.  L  (Raatibitlaa'k  Id.)  |:  %  KaatCoaaa. 


|iy  rctton  of  its  nature  hai'  only  a  tingle  and 
temporary  operation— -#.  g.,  an  appropriation 
bill — it  alto  called  a  temporary  ttatute.  Private 
or  tpecial  ttatutes  or  actt  are  thofte  of  which 
will  not  take  notice  without  pItadinKJ  tuch  as 
concern  only  a  particular  Hpeciet  or  Mrton. 
Private  ttatutes  may  be  rendered  public:  by 
being  to  declared  by  the  legiiUture."  Private 
ttaiutet  will  not  bind  ttrangert,  though  they 
should  not  contain  any  taving  of  their  right. 
A  general  taving  clause  uted  to  be  iniertea  is 
all  private  bills ;  but  it  it  settled  that,  even  if 
tuch  taving  clause  be  omit(£<l,  the  act  will 
bind  none  but  the  parties.  IHiblic  or  ^';«neral 
ttatutes  are  thote  ot  which  the  courts  .wiil  take 
judicial  notice  without  pleudlrig  or  proof. 
They  are  either  general  or  locn! — that  h  have 
operation  throughout  the  Stat?  at  largv,  or 
within  a  particular  locality.  It  it  not  easy  to 
say  what  limitation  will  render  an  nc  Jt<.»i, 
Thui,  it  has  been  held  that  a  public  ac'  txX'A- 
ing  to  one  county  oiilv  it  not  Ic/cal  within  the 
mc&ning  of  the  conttitutional  proviaion  which 
forbids  enactments  of  local  bills  embracing 
more  than  one  tuliject.* 

It  is  a  general  rule  that  when  the  provisions 
of  a  statute  is  general,  everything  which  is 
necessary  to  make  such  provision  effectual  is 
tuppjied  by  the  common  law,*  and  when  a 
power  it  given  by  ttatute,  everything  necessary 
for  making  it  effectual  it  given  by  implication.' 

S.  ttatute  which  contravenes  a  provision  of 
the  conttiiution  of  a  State  by  whose  legislature 
it  was  enacted,  or  of  the  Conttitution  of  the 
United  Statet,  is  in  so  far  void.  The  presump- 
tion, however,  is  that  every  Slate  statute,  the 
obieot  and  provision  of  which  are  among  the 
acknowledged  powers  of  the  legislation,  is 
valid  and  constitutional ;  itnd  tuch  presump- 
tion is  not  to  be  overcom*  unless  the  contrary 
is  clearly  demonstrated.s  Where  a  part  only 
of  a  statute  is  unconstitutional,  the  lest  is  not 
void  if  it  can  stand  fay  itself.-" 

A  statute  it  not  to  be  deemed  repealed,  merely 
by  the  enactment  of  another  statute  on  the  same 
subject.  There  must  be  a  positive  repugnancy 
between  the  provisions  of  the  new  law  and  the 
old  to  work  a  repeal  by  implication ;  and  even 
then  the  old  law  is  repealed  only  to  the  extent 
of  such  repugnancy.'  This  rule  is  supported 
by  a  vast  variety  of  cases.  There  is,  however, 
a  qualification  to  \».  observed  in  the  cose  of  a 
Invited  law.  Where  the  new  statute  is  in 
<i\i.iX  a  revision  of  the  old,  it  may  be  treated 
as  superseding  the  former,  though  not  expressly 
to  declared."    A  mere  change  of  phraseology 


iit.  tjs  I   Co.  sd  Jutt.  n* ; 

JtNUNW  Um  mHfiM  canrtdi., 

f*r  twd  dntnkur  odaHud. 


JSS 


4N.    SS-5N.V.t«<:  aSandf. 

"«*•  "M I   Co.  sd  Juit.  SM ;        _  _ 

OtNunlr  Um  mHfiM  canrtdit,  c»meid*rt  yitMmr  gt  U 


I  Hilt,  4(3,    •-To. 
Abr.  Sui.  (B).     |>- 


(Whca  the  law  grants 


J  Pick.  4}..45,  »I4 

«.«,;  ^li-^se* '•"•'"*•• '^= 


7  Mats.  140;  M  Id.  537,  J4Ji  »  Pick.  43. 45,  »S4;  0  Id. 

97 :  10  Id.  30  i  «  Ms.  n ;  31  Id.  u:  4t  Id.  53 ;  i«  Barb. 

.X.  ft  Eq.  5B8  .-37  N.TI.  MS  J  3o^t.  344 ;  I 


% 


5Eeg. 


'uH.<*i  14  lU 


i'l 


but  csfapart  y 


f 
^ 


LAW-LtKNR. 


In  the  .ovliton  doet  no»,  however,  neccsMriljr 
imply  «  change  In  the  law.*  Where  •  new 
Uatute  expretiljr  repeals  the  Tonner  statute, 
and  the  new  and  (he  repeal  of  the  c!d  are  to 
tahe  effect  ai  the  tame  lime,  a  providon  in  the 
old  italute  which  in  embodied  in  the  new  ii 
deemed  to  have  continued  in  force  without 
■ua|)en»ion.'  But  it  ha*  been  held,  that  where 
the  new  law  doei  not  |{o  Into  effect  until  a 
lime  lubtequent  to  that  at  which  the  repeal 
lakes  eflei:t,  such  a  provision  is  to  be  deemed 
Repealed  •.leantime." 

It  is  not  to  be  presumed  in  the  courts  of  any 
State,  that  statutes  which  have  been  enacted  in 
that  Stale  have  also  been  enacted  in  other 
States.  The  courts  assume  that  the  common 
law  still  tirevails,  unleaa  It  is  shown  to  have 
been  modified.' 

CoNiTK'icTiON.     Penal  statutca  ar*  to  be 
strictly  construed.     Remedial  statatea  are  to 
■  b«  liberaHv  construed.* 

The  apparent  object  of  the  legislature  is  to 
ht  souKht  for  as  discloeed  by  the  act  itself,  the 
prcamMe  in  some  cases,  similar  statutes  relat- 
ing to  the  same  subject,  the  consideration  of 
the  mischiefs  of  the  ol«l  law,  and  perhaps  some 
other  circumstances.  All  statutes  are  to  be 
construed  with  reference  to  the  provisions  of 
the  common  law,  and  provbions  in  derogation 
of  the  coenmon  law  are  held  strictly.-  In  con- 
struing statutes  of  the  various  Sutca  or  foreign 
countries,  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  adopts  ine  construction  put  upon  them 
by  the  courts  of  the  Slate  or  country  tw  whose 
legislature  the  statute  waa  enacted;  but  this 
does  not  necessarily  include  subsequent  varia- 
tions of  construction  by  such  courts.* 

Punctuation  is  not  to  be  regarded  in  con- 
struing a  statute.* 

iiMM*.  8m  ConvavAifCH,  "  Lies«." 
l<eg>Hr.  S«a  ConvavAiicBS.  "  WUh." 

£StM*Vni«*r^  Sea  Mombv. 

Ii*C»tM.  Sm  ImmiHATiaMAt.  Law. 

btrnkOmMmm.  See  Ukr.     • 

VtfMtUtwt^  |M  Orncs  amo  Omcaao. 

I.cilU«MM|r.  Sm  CHiuman. 

■«NMw  Sm  BAULMBim,  "Hlrs;"  Comtbacts, 

PayaMMs. 
Bius*^**  •'  Ai«|v«a».  Sm  Bomm.  Nona,  amb 

Y'*^  •*  AUmrmUff.  Sm  Aobmct.  "AltonMy t 

^JteMoir  mt  Cm4«m«.   Sm  IimHuiAnoMAi. 

■«M«r  •€  Cm«H.  Sm  MaacAMnui  Law. 
Ii«x  Mmai^  SmXaw. 


I««x  MmfrU  Sm  Law. 
!«X  fUillllUiu  Sm  Law. 


Ub«l  iMs^lisMsslw.  SmToktb. 
UBH».  Sm  till*  BAiutaNts:  OnmucTs:  wtc 
A  LIEN  ia  a  hold  or  claim  which  oac  person 
has  upon  the  propartv  of  another  aa  »  aeonrity 
for  sone  debt  or  charge.  In  every  case  in 
which  property,  either  real  or  penoniil^  is 
charged  with  the  payment  of  a  debt  or  dnty, 

31»ni:.46|  «T.Ka(bM.    w-iWKAfi 


Wi    3|».  n.ua:    o  laui.  34.     «r-iWU.e««|    ic 

™. »*  .«?«•  U.  Ae.  suTbat.^ I  hi.  jjTyHi 
Mm.    •.D«erri»S«8L«M,«#«M,    •.<!>({.•(«,   hr 


everv  such  charge  may  be  denominated  a  lies 
on  the  property."  It  diffitni  from  an  csiuie  k 
or  title  to  the  property,  as  it  may  be  disclmrgtil 
at  any  time  by  payment  "'  the  sum  for  whi'  h 
the  lien  attachea.  It  differs  from  a  mortei>>;c 
in  the  fact  that  the  mortgage  i*  made,  and  ihc 
property  delivered,  or  otherwise,  for  the  c«- 
press  purpoae  of  security;  while  the  lien  st 
Ucbes  as  incidental  to  the  main  purpose  of  the 
bailment;  or,  as  in  coae  of  a  judgment,  by 
mere  act  of  the  law  without  any  act  of  the 
party.  In  its  more  limited  as  well  aa  com- 
moner senxe,  the  word  lien  indicates  a  mere 
right  to  l.old  the  properiv  of  another  aa  secu- 
rity :  or  it  is  tAt  right  which  one  person  pos- 
sewes,  in  certain  cases,  of  detaining  preperiy 
placed  in  his  paMe«siun  belonging  to  another, 
until  some  demand  which  the  former  has  upon  it, 
i^  satijfied.*  A  qualifted  right  which,  In  certain 
cases,  may  be  exercised  over  the  property  of 
another.!'  A  lien  is  a  right  to  hokl.*  A  lien 
in  rcnrd  to  parsoiMl  property  ia  a  right  to  de- 
tain the  property  till  some  claim  ur  charge  is 
satislied.*  The  rialit  of  retainink  or  continu- 
ing poaoesaion  till  the  price  is  paid.*  Common 
law  lien,  as  distinguished  from  other  clossex. 
consists  in  a  mere  right  to  reuin  possession 
until  the  debt  or  charge  is  paid.  A  general 
lien  is  the  right  to  retain  the  properiv  of  an- 
other on  account  of  a  general  balance  due  froni 
the  owner.*  Of  course  where  a  general  lien 
exists  a  -particular  lien  is  included.  A  partic- 
ular lien  ia  the  right  to  retain  the  property  of 
another  on  aocovnt  of  labor  employed  or 
money  expended  on  that  specific  property.* 
Perticular  Hens  constitute  ttiie  oldest  class  of 
lieiw,  and  the  one  most  favored  by  the  common 
law.*  But  the  courts  ceased  to  originate  liens 
at  an  early  period,'  while  general  liens  have 
been  looked  upon  with  jealousy,  being  con- 
sidered cnsroachmeiila  upon  the  common  law, 
and  founded  solely  in  the  usage  of  and  for  the 
benefit  of  trade.  In  case*  of  a  factor  an  ap 
parent  exception  cxiaU,  aa  he  is  allowed  a  lien 
on  the  prooeeda  of  the  goods  sold,  as  well  %* 
on  the  gooda  themselves.  Bui  this  seems  to 
result  from  the  relation  «f  the  nirlies  and  the 
panpoaca  of  tU  hailmeni ;  to  eflecliutc  which, 
and  at  the  oame  lime  to  give  a  security  to  the 
factor,  thn  law  considers  the  possession,  or 
right  to  poMcasion,  of  the  proceeds  the  same 
tmng  aa  the  puaaession  v£  the  goods  themtel  ves. 
Liena  •either  exist  by  law,  arise  from  usage,  or 
are  eranted  bv  expresa  agreement. 

CcMiMcm  Law  Libns. 

Zmm«  ttAitkitxist  by  tkt  cMnmom  kw  gen- 
erally arise  in  cases  of  bailment.  Thus.  •  par- 
ticuUr  lien  exisU  whenever  goodv  luw  delivered 
to  ft  tnulesoMn  tor  the  sxccutioR  of  the  pur- 
poacs  of  his  mde  upon  them.*  A;kI  so,  where 
a  penMm  is,  from  th«)  mHiHf*  of  Us  cccupaiion, 


«  Bsgu  •«,  M.  •HsCoaiik 
k-TfteM..' Mor-L.  r44.;  (. 
Oun.  SMI :  DeegL  97:  e  B. 

9*;  jM 


9^'  »mmw^mm    e*«w*  a^  *^^i 

Oun.  SMI :  DeegL  97:  e  1 
31*4  rBsskii^ 


,.    t»-M•l.1Uv.S7,«<■ 
Wlil8lMr  Ll«is,  9.    r.4 
-._:P.n«.   sIjiBm  &P 
Boa.  *  p.  4».  c4.  494.     r-p 
ftS.  i«7i  i«r'ck 


t  mny  bo  denamiiMltd  a  llm 
'  It  (Jiffen  rrom  an  cmuie  tv. 
fxitjr,  as  U  niAy  b«  diictiMrgt'ii 
aymcnt  "'  th«  turn  for  whi'  h 
It  diffcn  from  a  mortoniie 
i«  mortgaga  U  made,  and  I  Fie 
d,  or  oiharwUe,  fur  the  cx- 
Mcurily;  while  lh«  lien  ii 
al  to  the  main  purpote  of  the 
in  ca««  of  a  judgment,  hy 
law  without  any  act  of  the 
or*  limited  as  well  aa  corn- 
word  lien  indicates  a  nierr 
property  of  another  ai  (ecu 
r^Ai  which  one  person  p<M- 
cases,  of  detaining  praperiy 
lesiion  belonging  to  another, 
1  which  the  former  has  upon  ii, 
uUi6cd  right  whicht  In  certain 
ercised  over  the  (>top«rty  of 
I  is  a  right  to  hoM.*  A  lien 
>imI  pro}>erly  la  a  right  to  de- 
till  some  claim  ur  charg«  is 
iatit  of  rctainink  or  coi»tinu- 
the  price  is  paiJ>  Common 
ti}>uished  from  other  claases. 
re  right  to  reuin  passession 
:  charge  is  paid.  A  general 
to  retain  the  property  of  an- 
>f  a  general  iMUance  due  froni 
course  wber*  a  general  lien 
r  lien  is  ii^c^uded.  A  partic- 
ght  to  retain  the  property  of 
«nt  of  labor  employed  or 
on  that  ipecific  property.' 
onsiititte  the  oldest  class  of 
most  favored  by  the  common 
urts  ceased  to  origiMte  liens 
1/  while  general  liens  have 
1  with  jeaJJoHsy,  being  con- 
neiita  upon  the  common  law, 
y  in  the  usage  of  and  for  the 
In  casM  of  a  factor  an  ap 
ixists,  aa  he  is  allowed  a  lien 
if  the  goods  sold,  as  well  as 
maelves.  But  this  scemK  to 
lation  «f  tb«  parlies  and  the 
lilmaiM ;  to  effectuate  which, 
im«  to  give  a  security  to  the 
«iMiders  the  posseeaion,  or 
n,  of  the  procfleda  the  same 
sion  of  the  goadathemtelves. 
bf  law,  arise  from  usage,  or 
ress  agreement. 

LlRNi. 

!tt  fyO*  etmmem  Itm  een- 
s  of  bailoicnt.  Thus,  a  par- 
rhenever  goodn  ara  delivered 
r  the  sxecutioic  of  the  pur- 
upon  rhcm.*  K:A  so,  where 
htt  nature  of  hi*  cccvpoUon, 

>44;J«rwUtslMrLI«is.?    e.4 

Fj  Bos.  ft  P.  4*.  c«,  4(4,     ir-) 
lAbr.  9a;  jM.ftS.  i«7i  14  T  ck 


LIENS. 


539 


iinder  a  legal  oMi^tlon  to  receive  and  he  at 
irouWe  or  ex|ien»e  about  the  pergonal  property 
of  another,  in  every  such  case  he  is  entitled  to 
A  partictilar  lien  uixin  li.»  And  someiimra  a 
lien  arises  where  there  is  strictly  no  bailment : 
ihus,  where  a  ship  or  ro<hIs  at  sea  come  into 
|)o»»e«»ion  by  findiiiff,  ond  he  has  been  at  some 
trouble  or  expense  nbout  them,  he  is  entitled  to 
rcinin  the  same  until  reimbursed  his  exiicnies. 
This  applies  only  to  the  salvors  of  a  ship  and 
rirgo  preserved  from  |ieril  at  sea,'  and  in  case 
of  property  on  shore,  where  a  specific  reward 
i<  offered  for  the  restorntion^  and  does  not  ap- 
ply,  generally,  It  Is  said,  to  things  found  upon 
land,*  unle<(»  so  made  by  custom  or  stntute. 

Limt  vikitk  ariu  by  usagt  are  nsuslty  gen- 
eral liens,  and  the  usage  Is  either  the  general 
inoge  of  trade,  or  the  particular  nsage  of 
parties.'  The  usnge  must  be  so  general  that 
the  party  delivering  the  gtwds  mny  he  presumed 
to  have  known  It,  and  to  hnve  made  the  right 
(if  Hen  a  part  of  the  contract."  And  the  lie.i 
must  be  for  a  general  balance  arising  from 
irnnaactions  of  a  similar  character  between  the 
(mrties,  and  that  the  debt  murt  have  accrued  in 
the  bnslneu  of  the  party  claiming  the  Hen,* 
and  it  seems  that  more  decikive  proof  of  gen- 
eral usage  is  required  In  those  occupations  in 
which  the  workmen  are  required  to  receive 
their  employment  when  offered  them,  such 
SI  carrierj,*  Bat  where  a  general  lien  has 
lieen  once  establinhed,  the  courU  will  not  allow 
it  to  be  disturbed.^ 

In  k-egard  to  a  general  lien  arising  from  par- 
ticular usage  between  the  pvties,  proof  of  their 
having  before  dealt  upon  the  basis  of  such  a 
lien  will  be  presumptive  evidence  that  they 
continue  to  deal  upon  the  «ame  terms.*  If  « 
debtor,  who  has  already  pledged  property  to 
secure  a  loan,  borrow  *  further  sum,  it  will  be 
undorstood  that  the  creditor's  lien  b  for  the 
whole  debt.' 

Lims  ukteh  arise  fnm  Exprm  Agretmtnt. 
A  general  or  partlcu'ar  lien  may  be  acquired  in 
any  cose  by  the  express  agreemerit  of  the  parties.* 
This  generally  hap^na  iriten  goods  are  placed 
m  the  hand*  of  a  person  for  the  exetmtion  «>f 
some  pnrtitmlar  parpoae  upon  tbera,  irith  an 
express  contract  thtt  they  shall  be  consideted 
n»  a  pledge  for  the  labor  or  expense  which  the 
execution  of  that  pntpoae  asay  occadon;  or  it 
exists  where  the  property  is  merely  pawned  or 

.   Ld.Raym.Mi>:   «T  R,  «!   ,  B.  ft 
."•'ffi^ii  »r"V?»i  't-tw; 

Atk.Chwj,    >W.BI.6si.     .^  t.  «V,4r6  Eit: 

"f  *  ^- 1.  ..*•**:  R.  14  W-Cto  Car.  in.  W 
MM..  Mj. la ch« abom.  of  .  ^^m, sAowIng li.'li 
««•   II  N.  H.  lesi^iK  Ifhs.  tas  ^.  '  - 


k-i  E*B  nn; 
4*.    l-ilZiL 
16  Fcnn  St  39J. 


P. 


4«SJ 


*>  N.  H.  339:  as  Pick,  an,    1 


'*•*_ —  ^sT"  •■» .  ■•«  *i  Ohio, 
sMm.(Mus.)4s8;    sotarb.^ 


••t. 


M«.  ist 

,  Ydv 
»«T 


'<w* 


'i'S  Vt.  uti  Cm. 


iSelw.N. 


delivered  for  bare  custody  to  another,  for  the 
sole  purpose  of  lieing  a  security  for  a  loan 
mode  to  the  owner  on  the  credit  of  lt.«  And 
If  a  number  of  tradesmen,  not  ubli(;ed  by  taw 
to  receive  the  goo<ls  of  any  one  who  offers  for 
the  pur|imes  of  their  trade,  SKrre  not  to  receive 
goods  unless  they  mav  be  held  subject  to  a  cen- 
ero  lien  for  the  balance  due  them,  and  the 
bailor  knows  this,  and  leaves  the  goods,  the 
Hen  attaches.'  An<l  the  same  is  true,  of 
course,  of  an  individual  under  similar  circum- 
rtances.  But  where  the  tradesman  is  obliged 
to  receive  employment  from  anyone  who  offers, 
a  mere  notice  will  not  be  enough  to  give  -his 
lien  with  Implied  assent,  but  ixprtn  assent 
must  be  shown.' 

I.iins  rukuh  Exist  im  tkt  Aitmt*  ^  a»y 
Sptnal   Agreement.       Among     the    different 
classes  who  have  liens  by  the  common  law,  in 
the  absence  of   any  special  agreement,  are  1 
Aguters  of  cattle  have  no  Hen."    Attomeyt 
and  solicitors  have  a  lien  upon  the  pajicrs  of 
theii   clients,'  and  also  upon   judgments  ob- 
tained  by  them.r     But  this  lien  Is  subject  to 
some  restrictions.'    Baiiijsjor  Aire  generally 
for  work  done  by  |liem.»    Bankers  have  a  lien 
on  all  secti.-:ties  left  with  them  by  their  em- 
ployers.*    Clerks  of  ctmrts  have  a  lien  on  papera 
for  their  fees.*     Common  carriers  for  transtmr- 
tation  of  goods,*  hut  not  if  the  goods  are  taken 
tortuously  from  the  ovmer's  possession,  where 
the  carrier  is  innocent,*  and  on  a  passenger  for 
his  passage-money.'    Part  of  the  goods  may 
be  detained  for  the  whole  freight  of  goods  be- 
^5!"'  '**   "•*  "•"•   person  .•     Factors  and 
brokers  have  a  lien  on  goods  and  papers*  on 
part  of  the  goods  for  the  whole  claim,'  but  only 
for  such  goods  aa  come  to  them  as  factors^ 
Innkeepers  may  detain  a  horse  for  his  keeping* 
If  he  belong  to  a  guest,"  but  not  sell  him"  un- 
less authorised  by  statute,  and  then  in  the  ex- 
press mode  provided;  but  cannot  retake  the 
horse  after  giving  him  up.'    They  may  detain 
the  ^oods  of  a  traveler,  but  not  of  a  boarder.* 
Their  lien  is  a  particular  lien.»    Pawnees  from 
the  veiT  nature  of  their  controct,*  but  only 
where  the  pawner  (or  pledgor)  has  authority  to 
make  such  pledge.'    A  pledge,  even  where  the 
pnwnee  is  innocent,  does  not  bind  the  owner, 
unless  the  pawner  has  authority  to  moke  the 
pledge.*    The  pawnee  does  not  have  u  general 
lien.»    Tmhrs  have  a  particular  lien."     Ven- 


I*;»>«3;  «T.  R.  f&>:  .«  Ml»i.  iSa;  4Weild.  »o»  ft. 
5  T  R  4M :  I  Esp.  « :  3  Gttai.  ( V.  )  ,3"' ,  hX  .iT 
e-3  Aik.  Ch.  7.7;  I  P.  Watt,  46i;  ,  V«.  Ch  .  *  3: 
Ii^JL?'"?-  "»W.*  ^••-  "' :  JL  "  "< :  '  Doug!,  i  ; 
Cu»h.  i3»:  C:omtra.  I  East.  519;  7wh«rt.  418.     f-a 


sCush.  137; 

Campb.  631.  m-t  East.  6ta 
C01.437. «.;  IWhral.  a«8 
l-«  Esat.  6aa ;  34  Ms.  s8a. 
fc-S  Ld.Raym.3W;    I  Mr 

Barb.  41.  aa-P.  Moors,  87 
Mod  173.  SS-S  Mod.  I7i, 
»«Riai.4S3.  l»<EMt  4 
Smith,  19$.  ^-isKlaaa.  40H 
3Me.at9.  »^3AtluCh.44 
Ag.  151 ;    I  Vera.  Ch. 


H-Jl 
18  Vt 


T.  R.  119;  I  johiia. 


- ,    _  . «„.  40 

Ijo:  a  Ma*a.  308 ;  4  lohi 
Mass.  490.    n-Cro.  Cut 


l-'i  Eng.  L.  ft  Kq.  518. 

n-.t^.m.uTr  !■>, 

Bsc.  Abr. /mu  (D.) ;  8 

Hob.  4a;    Mat.  Yelv.67. 

:  Cro.  Car.  aji ;  a  E.  D. 

.,Vt.*D9;  9W«ndj«; 

<  Campb.  336,  a.    a-Filev 

Stark.  «•    1  Ma«.  C.  C 

iii».  103 ;    t  M,  ft  S.  iSo.    t-i] 

a7< :  9  East.  43]. 


UENS. 


^t  ^f  g9»dt  luv*  t  lltn  for  tli«  pric«  to  long 
M  Ihcy  rrl«in  ptMnrwtion.*  Witrik»MitmtH 
luv«  •  particular  Mrn."     So  a  wkarjli*gtr.* 

G*mral  Rt<iHi$%Ut  »f  m  ValtJ  Lttn.  In  all 
lh«a«  canei,  to  siv*  ri*«  to  lh«  lien  ther«  muil 
hav«  been  a  tklTvery  uf  khc  pmperty  \  It  muit 
have  come  into  lh«  po«acuion  of  th«  parly 
claiming  tha  Hen,  or  nU  agent./  A  quetiiun 
may  ariae  by  whom  the  delivery  it  to  be  made. 
Where  a  perton,  in  pursuance  of  the  aulhorily 
and  direciiont  of  the  owner  of  property,  de- 
livtre  it  to  a  tradetroan  iur  the  execution  of  the 
purpoHet  of  hit  trade  upon  it,  the  tradeaman 
will  not  have  a  general  lien  againil  the  owner 
for  a  balance  due  from  the  person  delivering 
it,  IT  he  knew  that  the  one  delivering  wat  not 
the  real  owner.*  Thut,  a  carrier,  who,  by  the 
uagt  of  trade,  it  to  be  paid  by  the  consignor, 
hai  no  lien  for  a  general  bltlance  againit  the 
consignee.*  Nor  can  a  claim  against  the  con- 
■ignee  destroy  the  consignor's  right  of  stoppage 
im  transitu.*  But  a  particular  lien  may  un< 
doubtediv  be  derived  tnrough  the  acts  of  agents 
acting  within  the  scope  of  their  employment.* 
And  the  same  would  be  true  of  a  general  lien 
against  the  owner  for  a  balance  due  from  him.* 

No  lien  exists  where  the  party  claiming  it 
acquires  possession  by  wrong*  or  by  misrepre- 
■entation,' or  by  his  unauthorued  and  voluntary 
act.'  No  lien  exUti  where  the  art  of  the  ser 
vant  or  agent  delivering  the  property  is  totally 
anauthorized,  and  the  pledge  ol  It  is  tortious 
against  the  owner,  wnelher  delivered  as  a 
pledge  or  for  the  execution  of  the  purposes  of  a 
trade  thereupon.^  A  pledge,  even  when  the 
pawnee  is  innocent,  does  not  bind  the  owner 
■niess  the  pasnier  had  authority.' 

A  delivery  by  a  debtor  for  the  purpose  of 
preferring  a  creditor  will  not  be  allowed  to 
operate  as  a  delivery  sufficient  for  a  lien  to 
atucb.^ 

Waivtr  tf  Litn.  Possession  is  a  necessaiv 
element  of  common  law  liens;  and  if  the  credi- 
tor once  knowinglv  parts  with  that  possession 
after  the  lien  attaches,  the  lien  is  gone.'  But 
there  may  be  a  special  agreement  extending 
the  lien,  though  not  to  affect  third  penons!* 
The  delivery  mar  be  constructive"  ana  so  t»Ay 
posseuion.*  A  lien  qmnot  be  transferred,*  but 
property  subject  to  a  lien  may  be  delivered  to 
a  third  person,  as  to  the  creditor's  servant  with 
notice  of  the  lien,  so  as  to  preserve  the  lien  of 

Y-T East.  S74t  >  H.  M.  163 ;  Hob.  41 1  a  Bl.  Cnam, 
"     s  Swaool.  Mi:   6  VklM  "  "" 

m-Wara 

•-I 

•7« 


44l :   s  Swaool.  Mi , 
■M;  54  Eng.  XiWWj^ 
Dm.  Ct.  U4 
•  la.  < 


^••n  C.  C.  47t.  fV-it  III. 
116 :  11  Mtis.  t<i ;  1}  Afk.  4)7. 
y-aT;  R.  119:  6  Cao*. 


■•I  East,  tjs; 

1  Atk.  Ch.  M4./a;i  B.  It  P."«4.    »>-j"B. »  P.  4* 


533 ;  t  Campb.  sit ;  Parka 


I  Cas. 


«-a  Eui.  SI 


irblukOTiilmt. 
C-i  Str.  6st :  S  T. 

;sa«  sj 
4Etp.i74:  sT.R 
407 :  a  Stark,  ti:  i 
loj:  I  M.  ft  S.  I 
II 


3  B.  ft  P. 


IIJI7  i  bultas  f_Biirr.  tail.  I1-: 


t  P.  no:  sEsB.  il 
I.    •-sT.R.  4$. 
,  ]io,  610;  •  H.  Bl 


iBs ;  t  Bast.  S17. 

.    r>i  Campbt  IS. 

BI.S94ilW.  a. 

'S  Ves.Ck.  Ill !  etast.  17: 

>.C.C.44Di  a]|aM.}(li4 Johns. 
m.  J-4  Burr.  M)9 i  3  Vei.  CS.  Is:  • 
Bast.  (16.     kJhr.^stfj^i  Atkt  Ch. 


Doufll.oT:  sObto 
119;  oBdw. 


:wryi 


■54:  Amla.  tu; 

tld.  s:  J T.lt  ii9i"t gdwTOi.  Ill;  $ BlBB.  »»:  3 
iai.L.  Joar.  lot:  4M.  Y.  497!  4D*»to,49«t  ssj**. 
|Bj    II  Cuth.  0)1  {   0  SsnuMt.  j6i ;   t|  Vl.  1*17.     l-|t 


.5,-. 


the  original  creditor.'  But  it  must  not  be  de 
livored  to  the  owner  or  his  agent.o  But  If  th* 
property  he  of  s  |>erishable  nature,  poasessios 
niny  be  given  lu  the  owner  under  proper  ogrer 
mcnis.'  Neglect  to  insist  upon  a  lien  hi  ^u\n^ 
reasons  fur  a  refusal  to  deliver  property  on  de 
mand,  has  been  held  a  waiver.* 

Where  there  Is  a  s|iecial  agreement  made,  or 
act  done,  inconsistent  with  the  existence  ol'  thr 
lien,  such  as  an  agreement  to  give  credit,  <ir 
whete  a  distinct  security  is  taken,  or  the  \ni- 
scssion  of  the  property  Is  acquired  for  anoihi 
distinct  purpose,  and  for  that  only,  or  when 
the  property  Is  attached  by  the  creditor,  no 
lien  arises.*  But  such  agreement  must  be 
clearly  inconsistent  nfith  the  lien.* 

Rigktt,  Usa,  and  Ktmtiiitt  mndtr  d  Liin. 
The  only  remedy  or  use  of  the  lien  at  common 
law  is  to  allow  tne  creditor  to  retain  possession 
of  the  goods,*  etc.  And  this  he  may  do  as 
against  assignees  of  the  debtor.* 

Makitimb  1.IKNS  do  nut  Include  or  require 
poascssion.  The  word  lien  is  used  in  maritime 
law,  not  in  the  strict  legal  tense  in  which  we 
understand  it  in  courts  of  common  law,  in 
which  cose  there  could  be  no  lien  wheic  there 
was  no  possession,  actual  or  cdnslructive ;  but 
to  express,  as  if  l>y  analogy,  the  nature  of  claims 
whicn  neither  presuppose  nor  originate  in  pos- 
seuion.* A  distinction  is  made  Tn  the  United 
States  between  qualified  maritime  liens,  which 
depend  upon  poascssion,  and  absolute  maritime 
lieni,  which  do  not  require  nor  depend  upon 
pob:>cuion.* 

Btuldtrf  Ktn  may  be  placed  on  the  common - 
law  ground  that  a  workman  employing  skill 
and  labor  on  an  article  has  a  lien  upon  it  ;*  and 
a  lien  for  the  purpose  of  finishing  the  ship 
where  payments  are  made  by  iiutalments.*  See 
Material  Men,  below. 

CoUitkn.  In  esse  of  collision  the  injured 
vessel  has  a  lien  upon  the  one  in  fault  for  the 
damage  done;*  and  the  lien  lasts  a  reasofiable 
time.' 

DtposU  tf  tt  bill  0/  lading  gives  a  lien  for 
the  amount  advanced  on  the  strength  of  the 
security.*    See  Part-owner,  below. 

Dnid  Firtigkt.  No  lien  exists  for  dead 
frnight.^  The  lien  atUches  only  for  freight 
earned.*  The  lien  is  lost  by  a  deliveiy  pf  the 
goods^  but  not  if  ihe  delivery  be  invwuntary, 

^  Pkk. 
1. 71,  a.  ; 
i  T.  R. 


t}s.    ■•i.Caa.  IS]    ^ 
'.  J.    ^-Whltaktr  Urns 


WoMi.  4tf7.    ■a-Ambl 

0  easTsta:  4  Jobns.  io]r  p^i  Adi.~Ch.  »n:  IT. 

••I  Caapb.  410,  a. ;   7  Ind.  ai ;   13  Ark.  437:  • 

4's.     A-i*  Vw.  Ch.  S7s;   4  Campb.  1^:   1 

Ml :   iU.i%.  iloi  Met.  Ydv 

17  Pick  140:  isMasa.3l9:  4Vt 

,,j ;  30  Mo.  319.    ».«  Me.  41? ;   > 

C.  C.  119.  W-i  Burr.  4I9.  a-ss  Eni'.  L.  «  Eo. 
MO  IS  Bosl.  Law  Rop.  $j$ j  i«  Id.  1,  sW !  17  •* 
•3,401.  Vt. How.  7tg.  e-tRoso,ai:  4.9ar«ow.  ft 
XKir34i!  iW.  Rob.  Adm.  1;  Wright  Ohio, Mo;  4 
Wheal.  43!  i  I  Stor-  C.  C.  M.  4-i  Panaos'  ICar.  Law, 
73 :  S  Baraew.  ft  Aid.  040.  #-1  Nous  of  Caaot,  M: 
to  Em.  L.  ft  Bg[.  <a :  Cmbb.jlo;   10  Law  gep.  sA|. 


Monh,  no ;  «  Aaitr.  Mi 
67,r.;rirA.44i:  I 

tM.     H-i  Duicb.  443.    „ , 

Mas.  C.  C.  419.    W-i  Burr.  4IQ. 
At i  see  'sBoM.  Law  Rop.  SSSJ 


.  LawRop. 91. 


'mbb,*io; 

(•S  Tauol 


a  Wash.  C 


(vH*--  J»-'»  E§.'s47."s  ilauio  ft  h.  SOS.,   %] 
ra  Dial.  Cu  ■ «» ;  s  Biev.  Mo.  C 


I" 

N. ' 


MauftftS.Ms:  WanT] 
a3).  J.*BUlK.Y.4J. 


JP 


<ip 


Inr.'  But  it  mutt  not  ba  Je 
itr  or  hU  •gcni.i  Bui  If  lh« 
ptrUhAbU  nature,  pouvMioa 
ht  owner  uiuler  nro^wr  •([rcr 
III  intiil  upon  •  lien  m  Kivin|{ 
lal  lo  deliver  property  on  de 
eld  ai  waiver,* 

a  t|)ecial  agreement  made,  nr 
tent  with  the  CMJulcnce  of  the 
agreement  lo  give  credit,  or 
Mcuritv  la  taken,  or  the  ptn 
>\Ktty  it  acquired  for  another 
ind  for  that  only,  or  wherr 
ittachcd  by  the  creditor,  no 
t  tuth  agreement  mutt  be 
It  «(ith  the  lien.* 
W  Ktmtilin  uHiitr  d  Litn. 
or  ute  of  the  lien  at  common 
t  creditor  to  retain  poaacatlon 
And  thli  h«  may  do  m 
af  the  dcMor.* 
MS  do  not  induda  or  require 
word  lien  it  uicd  in  maritime 
rict  legal  tcnte  in  wliich  we 

courtt  of  common  law,  in 
could  be  nu  lien  whric  there 
I,  actual  or  cdnttructive ;  but 

analogy,  the  nature  of  claims 
luppoae  nor  originate  in  mm. 
iclion  it  made  In  the  United 
alilicd  maritime  liena,  which 
rasion,  and  abiiolute  maritime 
lot  require  nor  depend  upon 

lay  be  placed  on  the  coaraon- 
a  wortman  employing  tkill 
tide  hat  a  lien  upon  it;*  and 
irpoae  of  finiahing  the  ihip 
re  made  by  initalmenta.*  See 
below. 

v»M  of  collition  the  injared 
ipon  the  one  in  fault  for  the 
id  the  lien  laata  a  rtaaopable 

'//  »f  lading  give*  a  lien  for 
iced  on  the  itrength  of  the 

IKT-OWNER,  below. 

No  lien  exitta  for  dead 
in  attachei  onW  for  frdght 
n  it  loat  by  a  deliverj  jpf  the 
the  delivery  be  involuntary, 

I.  IS*.  ■•!.  Ga.  IS]  4^  Pick. 
Id.  s.    •i-Whltaktr  Lleaa.  n,  n. : 

lo].  p-i  Atk.  Cb.  *]i:  •  T.  R. 
>,n.;  7lnd.  (i;  ijAn.  07i  • 
'm.  Ch.  arsj  4  Campb.  im:   -i 

Mi:  jlSr.aS.  iSoi  Mm.YcIv 
■7  Pick  i«o;  IS  Met*.  119:  4V1 
1;  3sM«.  JI9.  »•»»€.  4j8:  I 
I  Burr.  4lq.  ••>■  Eii| .  L.  ■  Kq. 
'*«PSJSjL  idlii.tUx  17  I* 
10.  «4  K«M,  01 :  4  aariMw.  m. 
,A,  "-"     -^      -- 


:«H,  01:   4,DarMw. 

dm.  1:   Wrtglit  OKi^.Mo!  4 

;.C.«.    «-iP>iMM'lfar.Uw, 

I.  Mt.     #-1  Noutof  Caaat,  Mi 

Crabk,  do;   le  Law  Rep.  *U. 

>>•    U'i  Taual.  sst ;  •  Watb.  C. 


S47:  J  M«ul«  "ft  8.  •<«.,   »J 
raDlat.  O.  >«ii  •Bnv.Ne.C 


«• 


LTINS. 


S4I 


or  pmciired  by  fi-aud  »  So  It  It  hy  itlpnUlloni 
liicon4iiteni  with  it«  c««rtUe,'  at  liy  an  n^ttt- 
ment  to  receWe  the  freiDht  at  a  doy  tulMei|iiciit 
lo  the  entire  delivery  of  the  gomit— a  di»iinc- 
iiiin  being,  however,  taken  liciwecn  the  uiiioail- 
ing  or  arrival  uf  the  thip,  and  the  delivery  of 
ihe  good*.* 

A  third  penon  cannot  take  advantage  of  the 
(xl«tence  of  luch  lien.»  A  vendor,  beiore  e»- 
(reining  right  of  ttoppage  in  tran«itu,  mutt  dis- 
charge thit  lien  by  payment  of  freight.* 

Miutif't  Litn.  In  England,  the  matter  hat 
no  lien,  at  common  law,  on  the  thip  for  waget, 
nor  ditbunemeni*.' 

But,  bv  Ihe  one  hundred  and  ninely-flrtt 
lection  of  the  Englith  Merchant  Shipping  Act 
of  I8J4,  it  It  provided  that  "  Fvery  matter 
of  a  thip  thall,  to  far  at  the  cate  permits,  have 
Ihe  tame  righia,  lient,  and  remcdiet  for  the 
amount  of  hit  waget,  which,  by  this  act,  or  any 
law  or  cuttom,  any  teaman,  not  being  a  matter, 
hM  for  the  money  of  hit  waget."  Thit  lien  of 
Ihe  matter  on  an  Englith  vettel  may  be  rein- 
forced in  the  admirally  courU  of  the  United 
Stalea.« 

In  the  United  State*,  he  liaa  no  lien  for  hit 
wage*.'  Thit  doe*  not  apply  to  one  not  matter 
in  fact.*  At  lo  lien  for  dliburtehientt.*  He 
mav  be  tubatituted  if  he  dlKharge  a  lien.*  But 
he  naa  a  lien  on  the  freight  for  dUburtementi  / 
for  wage*  in  a  peculiar  case  ;*  and  on  the  cargo, 
whervlt  belong*  to  the  thip-ownert.*  He  may, 
therefore,  detain  good*  against  the  thippcr  or 
contignee,  even  alter  payment  to  owner.  If  the 
matter  give  reaaonable  notice.'  The  mati  er  may 
retain  goodt  till  a  contribution  bond  it  tigned.* 
Mttltrialmm  have  a  lien  by  admirally  Uw. 
They  are  those  whoae  trade  it  i*  lo  build,  re- 
pair, or  equip  ship*,  or  to  fumith  them  with 
tackle  and  pr^/vision*  neceatarv  in  any  kind.* 
In  regard  to  foreign  thip*,  it  lia*  been  lately 
held  tnat  material  men  have  a  lien  on  the  thip 
only  when  the  (upplie*  were  necewiary,  and 
could  be  obtained  <inly  on  the  credit  of  the 
•hip.*  The  lien  for  repair*  continue*  only  a* 
long  a*  thejr  retain  postes*ion,  on  domestic 
thip*  I*  and  u  gone  if  po*tes*ion  i*  left.< 

Pick.  Mats.  148;  4^Bnw».  ft  AM  jo:  4  Maim,  ft  O. 
yw;  4  B«"«h.  7^ ;  J  ■•">•••  ft  AldV 407 ;   j»  Ena.  L. 

i4ir«et.ftW.E«:li.  7»4:  »  Sum».  C.  C  5i» :  J  Miiie 
&S.  itBi  ioMau.sio.  M-iEatl.  Is.  A-i  hrsont' 
Mar.  L.  »• ;  \%  Mt.  |.ji  jlioi.  ft  P.  4*  »^  tM. 
t?iLi'llf*' ***-??•*«"  •Bofnw.ftAia.STS:  S 

^J^^.  5^1  Palaa  C.  C.  <oi ;  •  Sng.  ft  rTPcmi.  i*  ;  i 
«K.  Adai.  sm:  II  Id.  ITS)  j  Mat.  C.  C.  01  x  14  PMo. 

Curt.  C.C.  4*7!  14  Pami.  Si.  jt:  11  P«|.  17s.  n-i 
Pjt  Adai.  taj)  &M,  Altai.  116  i  3  Mat.  C.  C,  t«.  V 
♦»te*»':  "  W  »•»  sW«id.VY.ji,;  .1*11,1. 
^-  X' JC^'t^'  •«»•  JF'«  »»•:"•»•    y-"  Mats. 

C.  m.  4-I4C0JM.  404 :  4  wWt.  4}l ;  A  Wash.  C.  C. 
Curt.  C.  C.  4*1.  .»y  Fit.  M4 :   1  WaB,  Jr.  jjfl  i. 


The  several  Rial**  of  Ihe  United  Stale*  art 
foreign  lo  each  other  In  this  reaped. 

As  tu  the  order  uf  )ir«>cc<lence  of  these  liens.* 
Admiralty  formerly  tiHik  juri«li<;iio5  of  such 
li«ii«,  though  not  itrictly  maritime  liens/  hut 
this  juritdiciiuii  it  now  queiiioned,*  If  nut  de- 
nied.* 

Giving  credit  will  not  be  a  waiver  of  a  lien 
on  a  foreign  ihip,  unless  so  givrn  at  to  be  in- 
consistent  with  the  exercise  of  the  lien.'  Sea 
BUILDKRS,  KTC,  abovt. 

Oumtr  if »  ihip  hii«  a  lien  on  the  cargo  car- 
ried for  freight  earned,  whether  rcterved  by  a 
bill  of  lading  or  nui.J 

Thit  lien  Is,  at  m.il,  only  a  quallAed  mari- 
time lien.*  The  lien  exists  in  case  of  a  <  liar- 
tered  shiii"  to  the  extent  of  the  freight  due 
under  the  bill  of  lading  <■  But  if  the  charterer 
takes  possession  avd  manngrment  of  the  ship, 
he  hat  Ihe  lien.*  No  lien  for  freight  allachei 
liefore  the  thip  has  broken  ground.*  But  see, 
at  to  the  damaget  for  remuvlng  gooda  fro.n  the 
thip  before  the  tailt.' 

A  par*  cwmtr,  merely  aa  tuch,  h«*  no  lien 
whatever,  but  acquire*  tuch  a  lien  when  any 
of  the  element*  of  (lartnershiu  or  agency,  with 
bailment  u|K)n  which  hi*  lien  may  real,  enter 
Into  hit  relation  with  the  other  part-owners.* 

A  part-owner  who  hat  advanced  more  than 
hi*  *hare  toward*  building  a  veiiel  hat  no  lien 
on  her  for  tuch  suri>liis,'  and  none,  it  it  tald, 
for  advance*  on  account  of  a  voyage.* 

That  Ihe  relation  of  partner*  mutt  exitt  to 
give  Ihe  lien.* 

And  part-owners  of  a  ship  may  become  part- 
ner* for  a  |>articular  venture.* 

The  lient  of  part-owner*  and  by  depoalt 
of  a  bill  of  lading  are  not  maritime  lieni, 
howrver,  and  could  not  be  enforced  in  ad- 
miralty. 

Partntrt.  See  Part-ownim,  above  s 
Ship's  Hi'sband,  below. 

Stamtm's  Htn  for  waget  attaches  to  Ihe  thip 
and  freight,  and  the  prtjceedt  of  both,  and  fof- 
low*  them  into  whosoever  hands  they  come  j* 
and  lie*  againat  a  part,  or  the  whole,  of  the 
fundi'  but  not  the  cai^.*    It  applie*  to  |iro- 

i-T.P«.  3*4 »  •  Sumn.  C.  C.  73;  j  Ssndf.  K  Y.  34..  J. 
•  M»t.  «ia :  4  Campb.  398 ;      "^ 


447. ,  .^  ^ 

Bamaw.  ft  Aid.  6>o ;  t  Rrod 


It  Mod 

aPick.liiaM.'alir 
Y.  jij:  iSandfN 
■Mi  iWktM.  6i>s 


,    .  7  Tttunl.  14; 

ft  H.  410;    4  MsM.  91 ! 

»Mni.  N.  V.  157;    jW.nd.  n! 
V.  97;    J  Ohio,  M;  4Wsih.C  C. 
Ware  DI.I.  C«.  i«;  iSiunn.C    C. 
;.  C.  151. 


ft  Aid.  jit ;  J  Id.  <30 :  I  Sumn.  C.  C.  .^31.    M-i  Cnwp. 
»43:  •Cranch,  .w  ;   6  Pick.  Mssi.  14! ;    4  Cow.  N.  Y. 


J'-i  y***  ^'»»'  Ct-  >49:  4  Mann.  &  G.  jm:  36  Ene 
I- ft  »!•.'»••  •■•  ^<"-  *  »*•  *J4 !  iBInn.  Penn.  39»  ; 
sOrayMa*a.M.  |l-sl  Eng.  L.  ft  Eq.  aio;  1  C  B. 
Ml:  aCanr.  ftP.334:  19  Bott.  Law  Rep.  379 :  iGrsy 
Maaa.  9a.    %■%  Panons'  Mar.  Lsw,  loj.    r-«  Pick 

Johaa JN.  Y,  6. ;  4  B.  Monr.  Ky.  4jl :  rSamew.  ft  C. 
•1* :  Ollp.  Disc  Ci.  467 ;  4  }<*»*.  Ch.  N.  Y.  sit .  « 
Pick.  Maaa.  im  ;  j  !k^aan.  ft  R.  ss.    M-i  Vas.  Sm.  Ch. 


4*7:  3  Woodb.  ft  M 


.  c.t 

314 ;  but  H«  14  Pa 
*Pai»o«i'  Mar.  L. 
m-«P*t.6». 


1(3 :   10  Mo.  701 :  9  Pick. 
34.    v-t  Sumn.  C.  C 
vn.     ir-j  Suatn.  C.  C.  yt 


' 


I 


u 


CM^i  of  •  inmmI  »o'  i  m  (tar  •iiMhmmt  of  • 
fhai*  ctMiM  r 

TW*  ll«n  of  •  iMman  to  of  ih«  nai«r«  of  th« 
fHvUtgmm  of  (h«  d«tl  Uw,  Amt  mil  depcml 
«|K>n  p<nt«iMl(in,  and  l*kn  prtctdanc*  of  • 
htMlcwnry  bond  or  hypxhtctlion  •  Taking  fh« 
multr'i  ord«r  dii**  mH  dnlriiy  lh«  li«n.«  r>.h. 
trmtn  on  tharn  have  (t,  by  *urul«.  (Sanarall  y, 
all  iianoni  Mrvlnf  tn  a  wajr  directly  and  mate 
ri«lly  HMful  to  tha  navigation  of  tha  v«mm>I> 
A  woman  baa  It  if  tha  prrfnrmt  taaman'a  »«r- 
»Jea.*  It  lit*  ■fatnil  abipa  owned  hj  priv*^e 
pcraona,  bat  not  ai(ainit  gtivammanl  anipi  am- 
pi€>yrd  in  th«  public  larvlca* 

A  tkit-troitr,  who  obtalna  a  crew,  ha*  bean 
held  to  have  a  llan  for  bit  lervkei,  and  ad 
vancea  for  their  waijea.* 

SAifftr  ffp>*>/i  haa  a  llan  aoon  tha  thip,  for 
^  value  of  the  pxHit  tent,  •which  can  ha  en 
.iireed  in  adminiliyi'  and,  genrrally,  titty  art 
.  of  tha  matter  binds  the  vcmmI,  if  It  be  <!o«e 
within  the  acniia  of  hie  authority,!  where  the 
pn«tewiii)n  of  (he  matter  it  not  tortiout,  but  an- 
Att  a  color  of  rt|fht,»  Thit  doea  not  apply  to 
contract!  of  matrrial  men  with  the  mMter  of  a 
dtimetiie  ihi|i;*  and  the  act  matt  have  been 
within  the  sv.-.t«  of  the  master**  «rapio)rment^ 
Thit  lien  ^lluw*  the  thip  even  in  the  handt  of 
a  archater.  without  notice  before  the  credttor 
ht<i  luid  a  reatonable  oppiirtunlty  to  enforce  hit 
lien.*  If  the  matter  Ixirrow  money  for  the 
■hip'i  neceiaity,  the  lender  hat  a  Hen  cm  the 
■hip  for  the  amaunl.' 

n*  skiff  I  kmitmrnJ,  if  a  partner,  haa  •  pwt- 
ner't  lien;  If  not,  be  may  nave  a  lien  in  the 
proceedt  of  tha  voyase ;"  or  of  tha  thip  Iwrvclf, 
If  told,  or  on  her  dticntmenti,  if  any  of  these 
have  come  into  hie  acliual  piMteiafon.  And  the 
lien  applict  to  all  dltbwrtementi  and  llaNlltiet 
for  the  thip.  Bui  it  it  doubtful  if  hi*  mere 
oAca  givea  mm  a  lien.* 
Stfvnitrtt  have  no  lien.* 
STATtJTo«V  Liv«t.  The  principal  lient  of 
thia  claM  are  Judgment  Hem  and  tlie  Uetu  of 
builder*  and  material  men. 

At  common  Iaw  a  judnwnt  fa>  «  i»*  inon 
fi^i  oropcrty  (jpoHi  tha  ttme  of  fta  "'  •.» 

K  ludgment  it  tawetiiMi,  ttioagli  v :  <  ly, 

4  lien  «(X>n  partomi!  pwyarty. 

Mecha  lie*  and  nutenal  inan  la  Bioat  of  the 

St        have  a  lien  upon  tha  property  on  which 

1^  ^tow  their  labor,  or  eontribtiU  matariah 

f<  or  in  the  t     tion  «f  tmHdingi,  ale. 

KKAL  Stj*       rn, 

tiling  1  N(«A.  Ate.  jn J, 

..^     Wai*  DiN.  Ci.  «M.    •■ 

im.  41 :   »  ihtehr.  C.  C 
^nin.  C  C.  Ill :  t«  Hmw. 


MT^»n  C.  C. 
a-anrtaat'  Mxr 


Gila.  AAm,  5'< 
P<a.  A<)>"  tL 
Adai.-4t      t 

Bl»u  I 
Ol 


na.evt 

I  •»,  JH 


]]«!  A  ?fn~    lit 
i-l  Colli 


CRob 


A4m.  Stie  Enj.  U 

iSttew.  tta;   t*     ^l)>> 
k-Wara  Dltt.  (      m 


••Ali- 


MHKiMtMa>  m  faoii^a, 

•  ItaMr*   re«|^r«|r.  Sm  C'uwiMMt. 

i««-    «•.  »»«  L»w. 
I.Mrali  .  •  '       •«.((.»  iViMvaTAMH- 
I.^«»r.   1         .4iuiwrT*i    "laaa,"    tjuiMiMa 

*«U    I  (MtHr. 

LOST  PAPERS. 

Wiiwi  A(iaaKMiiM-ra.coNVKVAMCu,  o«ax>s 
WILI.I,  and  the  like  have  been  loaf,  and  it  i« 
danired  to  prove  thair  cooitnU,  tha  party  m'  >i 
prove  that  he  haa  made  diligent  learch,  an.' 
good  failh  axhauitad  all  lourca*  <tf  Mr,fxa*' 
accataibla  t"  him.     For  Ihit  pur(yi«r   hi*  p 
affidavit  it  tnfficicnt.*    On  being  •«iitfiail  of 
Ihit,  the  court  will  allow  tccondary  evide   ct 
to  be  given  of  lit  contenu.      Even  «  will 
proved  to  be  loat  may  be  atlmilled  to  probate 
ujion  tecondary  evidence.*     Uui  the  fact  of  ihr 
l<ia«  muni  be  proved  by  the  clearett  evidence, 
liectfuta  it  ma;    have  been  dettruyed  by  the 
testator  with  «h    o'eiuioli  to  revoke.* 

Whkn  a  Iomd  I  ciTHM  Dcan  waa  loat, 
formerly  Ihe  tAllgrr  or  plainlilT  wat  compelled 
1«  go  into  e<juity  to  teck  relief,*  but  taiow  Ihe 
loM  of  any  paper  other  than  a  negotiable  note 
will  not  prevent  the  plaintiff  recovering  at  law 
a*  well  at  In  equity.* 

When  a  nkjotiaiiui  Honm  hai  uin  toar, 
the  claimant  mu»t  tender  an  indemnllv  to  the 
debtor,  and  file  hia  pwlllion  or  complaint  to 
comfwl  payment.' 

LOST  PROPBHTY. 

RiGHTi  AND  Dtrnaa  or  a  Fihuoi.  Tha 
finder  it  entitled  to  certain  right*,  ond  liable  to 
dutie*  which  he  it  obliged  to  perform.  Thi*  li 
a  tpeciet  of  depoail,  which,  at  it  doea  not  ariae 
*x  ttntratlm,  ma*  be  called  a  quttti  depuait, 
and  it  it  govamad  by  the  tame  general  rule*  a* 
common  depoaitt.  The  finder  it  required  to 
talia  the  Mma  reasonable  cara  of  the  property 
found  aa  any  volunUry  depoailarv  **  €»»trm*tu.* 

Tha  finder  is  not  bound  to  take  tha  goods  he 
finds,  yet  when  ha  doe*  undertake  tha  custody, 
ha  ia  required  to  eaercite  reasonable  diligence 
In  preserving  tha  property,  and  ha  wUl  be 
reaponsibia  (or  groaa  negligence.  On  the  other 
hand,  tha  finder  of  an  article  Is  entitled  to  re. 
cover  all  aspensea  which  have  neceaaarily 
occurred  in  praservlng  the  thing  found ;  as,  if 
a  nan  ware  to  find  an  animaC  he  would  be 
entitled  to  I     reimbursed  for  its  keeping,  .^r 

Y*K*at  ran.  jtji !  .,  Oall.  Pmi».  ns!  •!!«  »9«.  ■»- 
I  BuB««.  „  ^.  en :  i6  Comi.  i»,  >);  j  WoorfP.  Ik  M. 
C.  C.  IM.     Iti  P»nKH«t'  Mar.  Law,  io»;  i  Cun.  C  C 

AAa.iw;  iWalLJr.j         »-M«.  VJv.  ir, /.  ,•  Sjw- 

?"^«^- «!!«?.,••«'     ch.4««.  •  omdrTi!. 

M.  «^«M«.Hm*  417:  t  A  AT  Ecu  ni:  <W«ad! 
in;  '.Hub.  SMi  itti  }  PWt.  tij ;  5  B.*»e.  5!;  ■ 
C«rt.J&l.  »•).    4-f  Chaja.  Cat.  „     #.3  JT*.  ,?;    , 

B.  Ch.  fc.  fOliLB.li  C.  »o;  »,.  k  M.  ^  4TaiaN. 
«M;    *Vts.Br.ai.  317:   16  Vc*.  Ch.  «joj  tea  aais. 

sWh«.|M,|Mi  tSelt,  ia|. 


rrtars.  !>«•  <'um«v*HCM, 

M«Kr«. 

«.  »««  Law. 

a,  K<^  I  •wvavAmM, 

•MuiMrHt    "laM,"    UMWlMia 

CHS. 

in*T«,  cotmtvAwru,  wttiw, 
ke  h«v«  b««n  l«»t.  Mid  it  i« 
Ihiir  conttnu.  lh»  party  rni>  't 
mid«  diti|{«nl  ««arch,  tm' 
led  (II  lourcM  «/  lnfnrni«i 

Kitr  ibU  puriKMr  hi*  ' 
»«!.•  ()n  Wing  Mtitfif, 
II  allow  nccondary  avidi  « 
ii«  contanu.  Eva«  «  will 
may  Iw  admiilad  to  probata 
ri<l<nc<>  Uui  Iha  fact  of  the 
td  liy  (he  cleartX  avldcti(«, 
Avf   licen   <t<mlruyed  bjr  the 

iliiih  to  revoke.* 

«  (iTHKK  iiRKn  waa   loal, 

>  or  plainllir  WM  compalUd 
tu  ke«k  relief/  but  t»ow  the 
other  than  a  negotlabU  note 
•  plaintiff  racovtrlng  at  law 

lARLI  NOTt  HAS  MCN  LOTT, 

t  tender  an  Indemnitv  to  iha 
Ilia  petition  or  com|Main(  to 

BllTY. 

trriM  or  a  Fihiim.     Th« 

>  certain  right*,  ond  liable  to 
obliged  to  perform.  Thia  is 
it,  which,  aa  it  doe*  not  ariae 

be  called  a  fiati  dcpuait, 
by  th«  s«m«  general  nilM  ta 
Tha  finder  ia  required  to 
lonable  cars  of  lh«  property 
lary  depoaitary  **  t*mtrmttm.* 
t  bound  to  taka  th«  gooda  he 
doe*  undertake  tk«  cuatody, 
serciitt  reanonable  dllinnct 

property,  and  ha  will  b« 
M  negligtnct.  On  tb«  othtr 
'  an  tittcla  i«  entitled  to  ra. 
»  wlick  have  neceaaarily 
ving  the  thing  found ;  aa,  if 
id  an  animal,  he  would  be 
nbuned  for  |U  keeping,  ..7 

>an.  Pmw.  nj!  IMe  .Ml.  m- 
i«Cw»n.  u.iji  iWoodfTlkir 
m'  M»r,  Law,  loa:  1  Cun.  C.  C. 

k>I  i\       C*.  44« :    1  CrMiiif.  t». 

It    jPtek.  67:    }B.Vm.  5l;l 


lARKlAOK  ANU  OIVORCI. 


Ml 


•  Iverttaing  ia  a  rwuonable  manner  that  he  had 
I    lad  It,  and  Xn  any  reward  which  ni*y  h.i»« 
■  pen  offered  by  ih«      vner  U\t  Ike  recuvery'of 
mich  Itiet  thing  *    AikI  when  the  owner  due*  ii<i< 
icclalm  the  gu<Ml«  Imt,  (hny  lieiong  to  the  Amler.* 
Cbiminai.  KupiiNKittitirv  or  a  FiNtiRB. 
A«  to  the  criminal  rv«|Km*ibilliy  iif  a  ^nder. 
ihe  re«ult  nf  the  aiithorlilM  \%  that  If  a  man 
find*  good*  that  have  been  actunlly  loat.  or  are 
'^uoaatily  <u|v|Hiaed  by  htm  In  hii»e  been  lu«i, 
tn'l  appronriiuei  them,  with  inieitt  to  taka  en- 
ure (lominW  orer  them,  really  Iwlleving  wh»n 
ht  takaa  than  Ihat  lh«  owner  caiimit  be  Ibuiol, 
ia  not  larcen)  ;  but  it'  he  take*  lh<-m  with  the 
ke  Intent,  though  l<Mt,  or  reaaonahly  au^ipiMicd 
be  loat,  but  rea*oii«bly  iHrlieving  that  the 
>ner  can  lie  found,  it  h  larceny.* 
(.weM  latorvMla.  %—  Miimcai.  r    ^ 
L"*!?**-  ^**  «*""■»"•,   'Oam,      Cuftwa." 

^MfMrw**.  Km  OroK  a  AMD  Oevicn*. 
ll*["**aMM«e.  Hm  I :»mt«*i  t»  ,  c:aiMia4v  Law, 

HAlier.  M«  RuNu*.  Ni>rn,  akm  lliue> 
JwlpmaeUee.  %••  Maron  *l  Law. 
llallew.  KmC  ■iMiKAi.  l.*w, 
M«llei««M     Ii0«r]r  1      UiUhUtx 
9»mm\  •««.  Km  <  iiiMinAL  Ijiw 
IwMMiMwr.  %*r  1  •)«■«>•*  nuaa. 
Miki»4eM**we.  HM  Fniti  tica. 
IfMafat*.  Sm  HAiLMaimi  PaAcrtcu, 
SMitA.  S**  MauicAL  t.AW,  ■'  iManliy/' 


Tre*- 


M*H«laMliter.  Sm  CaiMiitAL  Law, 

Snmmmmmimwmw,  Km  PArairrs. 
MMMeetpt.  Sm  O.rvaKurra. 
•»«■•.  8m  lMw;aAm.'a. 
Jl*rll4al.  Sm  M*aRi«oa. 
ll«ri«lNi«  Vmmtrmmt.  8m  ConraAcr*. 

■ABMIACIH   AMB    »■▼•■«■.   8m  Co*. 

'■ACTa. 

MARtiAOK  ia  •  contract,  made  in  due  form 

if  law,  by  which  a  man  and  woman  reclpro- 

illy  engage  to  live  with  each  other  during 

heir  Joint  Uvea,  and  to  dincharge  tnwardt  each 

■iher  th*  liuiie*  imioaed  Ijy  law  on  the  relation 

if  hu»band  and  wiff. 

CONTRACT   or   MARRIAOB. 

The  marriage  contract  i«  in  law  a  civil  cow- 

irart,  to  which  the  content  of  the  parties  i* 

r^tential.    The  marriage  relation  can  only  be 

<-niered  into,  maintained,  and    abrogated  aa 

irovidcd  bv  law.     It  i*  dissolved  by  death  or 

livorce.     A  marriage  which  is   valid   by  the 

Uwa  of  the  country  In  which  it  is  contrarted  is 

valid  in  this  State.    To  make  a  valid  marriage 

Ihe  parties  muse  be  wiiUmg  to  contract,  akif  to 

contract,  and  have  sttnalfy  contracted. 

Alt  persona  are  able  to  contract  marriage 
nnleaa  they  are  under  the  legal  age,  or  unless 
ihere  be  other  diaabilily  j  the  age  of  consent  at 
o'jmmon  law  is  fourteen  in  males  and  twelve 
m  fcmalcn.*  When  a  person  under  this 
marries,  auch  peison  can,  when  he  or  ...^ 
arrivea  at  tLe  age  above  specified,  avoid  the 

.  ^-^T"  ''  •''•  »•  »•  ».  *•  •!.•*•  Slory  Ballm.  I15. 

cqaUJUoB  oTuwrara  Inr  lU flmlct  „  evMeaUyfeumled 
11.  the  niic  ikal  what  IkIimik*  to  none  naturally  become* 
'.  '^'^!?L?'**  ■'»•  »««"P""' ;  rfi  mm/UumalmnH. 
"trfttrimi  tttmfmmH:  4  .  Dcnlo  Cr.  Cm.  jjs- 
'87 :  •  W  jM :  •  l«r»  H.  Led.  Cr.  Ca*.  il :  DtiML 
</  Cm.  doi    BdlCr  Cm   ./J    .  Carr  *  K.  »4i  :    « 

o»  Cr.  Ca*.  tl7i jr  M   *  W.  «*3;  ,  HIU.  94  ;  .sConn. 

5 J.    ••KHve;    Oom.  K«l.  tj/tt-.    •  Kent  Comn.  (Mi 

85 


she 


nurrUgo.  or  •lah  (lerton  or  Itoih  ms'y.  If  Iha 
■Ml,.,  ,.  ,,(  Iryil  a,..,  confirm  It  i  if  ciilur  ••( 
ihr  imriir,  i«  uiidcr  seven,  the  msrrisge  Isviiiil.k 
If  either  party  I*  m,ii«  .tmf>»t  tmmtU  at  In- 
sane,* or  has  a  huslitin.l  <ir  »ife  Id  n^**  ih^ 
marriage  Is  v.ii.l.  Coiitanguinlty  aiut  aMnlty 
within  the  rule*  (ireacribed  by  law  render  tlie 
marrliiga  void. 

Ihe  (lartlf*  mutt  each  Iw  willing  to  marry 
Ihe  other.  If  alih«r  parly  «it*  nilrr  comiMil. 
•inn,  or  i*  under  dure**,  the  marriage  I*  vih»|- 
able.*  Where  one  of  the  parties  is  niidakan 
in  the  iwrion  of  the  other,  thi*  re<|Hi«ite  ia 
wanting)  but  a  mlMake  as  to  the  <|u«lii,««  or' 
th«r«4.ter  of  ih»  other  party  will  not  avoid  the 
marri.ig«.»  If  the  *t>p«reiit  willingnesa  Is  wo- 
(liued  by  fraud,  the  marriage  will  be  valid 
until  let  aside  by  n,couft  of  oimiietent  iuriadic- 
li»n,  or  by  a  decree  of  .li  rcc.s  Fraud  i* 
xwiietirors  laid  to  render  a  carriage  void,  but 
ihi*  ii  incorrect,  aa  It  n  competent  lor  Ihe  party 
injured  to  waive  the  tort,  and  aAirm  Ihe  mur- 
riage,  ImtMiieiicy  in  one  of  the  parties  ii 
•«m«times  luid  down  as  rendering  ihe  marriage 
voiil,  as  »>eing  a  *|)«-cies  of  fraud  on  the  other 
party  i  but  it  is  only  a  ground  for  annulling 
the  contract  by  a  court  or  for  a  divorce. 

Th«  (Mrties  mimt  actually  make  a  contract 
of  marriage ;  the  form  and  requisites  are  here- 
inafter *lnte<l. 

At  common  taw  no  particular  form  of  words 
oreercmorw  Is  necessary;  mutual  assent  to  the 
relation   of   hutband   and    wife   ia  sufficient. 
Any   words   im|iorting  a    previous   a»*enl    to 
lieing  married  to  each  other  are  sufficient  evi- 
ilence  of  Ihe  contract,  if  legally  coni.ummated. 
Marriage   is   proved,  in  the   alMcnce   of  a 
license  and  certificate  of  the  |)erson  authorUed 
to  perform   the  ceremony   or   proved    copies 
thereof,  from  Ihe  sul>«e(|uent  acknowledgment 
of  Ihe  parties,  or  from  proof  of  cohabitaiion,  or 
of  general  reputation  resulting  from  the  con- 
duct of  the  i»rtie*.»     In  civil  cases  a  marriage 
can  generally  be  proved  by  showing  that  the 
pi«rtiea  have  held  themselves  out  as  husband 
and  wife,  and  by  general  reputation  founded 
on  their  conduct.     There  is    an  esception, 
however,  in  the  cnse  of  luch  civil  suits  as  me 
founded    on  the  marriage   relation,  such  as 
ndiona  for  the  seduction  of  the  wile,  where 
general  reputation  and  cohabitation  wilt  not  be 
sufiicient.i 

The  ciril  eflfects  of  marriage  are  the  fol- 
lowing I 

I.  It  confirms  all  matrimoniaJ  agreeraenu 
between  the  parties; 

3-  It  ereatea  the  civil  affinity  which  each 
contracta  towards  the  relstlons  of  the  other; 

Ed.)7l:  iN.  Chip  *«; 
•M  so  Ohio,  I.  k-t  Sha 
i:    5«i«d.  ftq.  *87.     «■*■  N.H.'ii";   .i'ld:  „,     « 

1r.2-.1i     *V,°1;.'"":    ••Ala.NS.'M     ? 
Ik.  «o;  I  Shanw.  iTl   Comm.  438.    «.,  Ham  Cona. 
M>4,  t4#.    f-PoynMr  Marr.  ft  Div.  e.  a.    *■•  Kin  a, 

NH  t^'""-  h  -■    *  J."*"»-  B  =    '  ^"^  *^^  •» 
tfn.M;    4  Burr.  »jl:    1  Mow.  .,3.  ,,4  /  ,  Cray. 

..9;   siM*.  IM      1.4  ii,  Y.  .y,;   J  6««  Surr  3«9- 

ilii  «  Conn.  44«:  S9  M*.  3.3;  14  K.  H.  4J0.         ^ 


'P  »;■«;  >o  Humph.  01 ;  1  Gray,  iia- 
►•I  Shartw,  Bl.  Comm.  436,  aiid  iim* 


mm. 


mmmmmm 


MAKKIACSR  AND  PIVORCB. 


W  IhuImiuI  I 

Uln  (•n«ral  tM  wrf«  Wluw*  IM  c«>«dlll€m 

5.  T1i«  wtf*  "«  Mf  m«f?(H«  '«""  h«»  «!"■»'• 
#1  wmI  •c<|ulrt«  thm  i>f  hf  r  hM>*«n<l  j 

A.  T)i«  chlMran  aoiitlra  lli«  dMRtcU  J 
UmU  ruhM  t 

7.  Il  givM  iIm  cklUIrm,  wha  ar*  tht  rmlK 
•r  ilw  marTtag*.  Iha  HfhM  of  klnd»«d,  n«H 
mly  of  lk«  faibar  an<l  motliar,  but  ait  Ihalr 
km  I 

S.  Il  mahw  all  Ik*  l«u>   Ifftllmata. 

InccMuuwt  marrlafca  arc  tkoa«  pruhlhilcit 
hf  Iha  kw  of  naiiira.  Thtf  m  graanliy 
prollltiilad  hy  alatiita. 

Tha  marr  ac«  (•rawonjr  majr  ha  f»gar<l#<< 
•ilkar  M  •  ctviT  caramonjr  or  a  rallgiou*  Mcra- 


HUWAND't  OttlOATIOM,  il*  la  houiul  to 
r*e«Wa  ht»  wtfa  at  li«»ma.  an*!  ahould  furnUh 
har  with  all  ika  nacaaaarlca  and  cnnvanlancca 
mhi'-.h  kla  forluiM  tnalilaa  kim  lo  do,  and 
which  Imt  almailon  rv<(alr«ai  but  Ihia  doaa  not 
tncloda  auch  luiurtca  as,  accortling  lo  h*r 
fancy  she  d#«i»»  n«c»"»rl««-  H«  U  wmnd  (o 
k>v«  hl«  wlfa  and  to  bmr  with  h«r  fanlu,  and, 
if  poMibla.  by  mild  NNans.  lo  rorfct  tham  1 
•nd  h«  la  raqulred  lo  faKil  towards  h«r  his 
marital  prfWiisa  of  Adality,  and  cm,  Iharafurt, 
liava  no  carnal  eonntciioa  wllh  anY  other 
woMM,  wIthuiH  •  vlulation  of  hia  obti|attons. 
A*  Im  U  biwnd  to  lovam  hIa  home  propctly, 
k*  !•  liabla  for  IM  mi«cr>*am««nl,  UHl  ho  may 
b«  ponishtd  for  kaotilng  a  diaordarhr  housa, 
•van  whara  his  wlfa  katflka  principal  agri  y, 
Mid  ka  Is  liabla  for  bar  tortt,  twlasa  oIlMiwiaa 
provided  by  alatMla. 

RinH-n.     Baing  ih«  kead  of  tht  fkmily. 

tk«  ku^OMUid  hm  •  rtgUt  lo  aaubliah  bimaalf 
wharavar  h«  may  p)»'>«,  nnd  In  this  ho  cannot 
b«  oontrolM  by  kla  fife  1  b«  m*y  maiMM  hia 
•IUr«  la  Ma  own  way,  b«y  utd  atll  »11  kinds 
ot  pcraMUkl  proparty,  wUbnU  kcr  control,  and 
b*  mtr  buy  any  ratU  aaiala  ha  may  datm 
proparj  t<ul  aa  tha  wifa  acqairaa  a  right  in  Ika 
latttr,  he  cannot  tall  It  diackargad  of  kar  in- 
t«r«at,  tice\*  bf  kar  oonaanl,  aspraaaad  la  iha 
mannat-  pnmeribad  ky  ika  law*  of  tka  Slaia 
whara  sock  land*  Na. 

Winfs  OauoATIONS.  A  wlfr  i»  under 
obligalton  to  l9«e,  kooor,  and  obey  her  hus- 
tiand,  and  ia  koaad  la  follow  kim  wkerevar  In 
(ha  country  ka  may  ckooaa  to  go  aod  aataklisk 
himaalf,  providad  it  ia  aot,  for  otkar  cauaea. 
unraaaonabla.  Ska  ia  aadar  obUgatioR  lo  ba 
Mtkfoi  in  chaality  lo  kar  BHurriiM  vow  J 

RiaHTH.    Awlfckaaarlgkltolkakrra 

and  protecting  caia  of  kar  kMsband  1  ska  kaa  a 
rif  kt  to  akara  kla  bad  and  board  {  aka  cna  call 
upon  kar  kusbaad  to  pmrida  bar  witk  aacca- 
aaiy  food  and  clotkiag  acoirding  to  kar  poai- 
lion  ia  life,  aad  If  ka  aeglacts  or  reftuaa  to  do 
J-»  MaMB  (K.  »>  fc.    fc-*«h«l«  Marr.  •  Wt.  | 

s  B.  Maa.  MS!   a  rt^TtSTti   u  U  M.     m^  Mo. 


to,  she  aaa  nmcara  ik*m  <•«  'nM  aceoaal.  Ai 
lo  h«f  rl||hu,  on  iImcdm  of  k«r  kusbaad,  in 
nil  aMau.  ate.,  *««  tirMKaAt.  HfATcriUI. 

Any  wtwiaa  wk>i  thail  have  lioan  marrlatt 
uai  of  ikts  ('<iinm<m«ir««lih,  If  h«r  h«sl«iii<l 
sAerwanl  boctmia  a  r#«ii>i«nl  lh«r«<>f,  anj«y«  til 
the  rights  aa  to  pr<i|i«n¥,  whuh  the  nwy  ha>< 
aM|ulrad  by  lh<»  law*  <»<  any  "ther  Hiaia,  T«fii 
l4iry,  or  covniry,  or  which  she  may  have  *r 
>{uir«d  l>v  virtue  of  any  nisrrliige  etintracl  or 
>«ltl«m«>>t  niiiils  cHit  itf  itku  Miale. 

OIVORCK  U  the  di*a«iluli<Ml  or  BartUI 
«iii|>an<i<»i  by  law  i>f  Ike  marriage  ral.ilioi 
It  Is  ragulaled  by  the  ilalutcs  nf  the  dtAersnt 
Stataa,  and  the  var«<f>it  statutes  are  bv  n<i 
meana  anlfonn.  Divorces  are  alUiWWif  lot 
sfluliery,  cruelly,  desertion  for  a  suefiAnl 
perUMt,  dranhfnness  If  habitual,  and  o«h«r 
caaaaa.  In  some  Hiaies  dlvifvcea  are  aol  si- 
lowed,  %n  allowed  for  sdulisry  only,  and  in 
uihar*  i  ir  any  ol  the  alwiva  or  other  causct. 
I'lir  •{.ecllk  infonnalloa  racoarse  ntiM  be  had 
lo  the  |tcn«r«l  Maiuiea  of  the  panliuUr  Hlate. 

AUMOMr,  Of  ihnaa  con*e<)aence«  which 
result  fr<in  th*  direrlion  or  order  of  the  court, 
the  moat  lni|M>rtani  are — Alimtmf,  »■'  the  aHow- 
ance  which  a  huiliaml,  i>y  order  of  cuait,  pay« 
lo  hia  wife,  living  seinraia  from  him,  for  htr 
mainlenanct.  The  allowance  mav  b«i  for  her 
use  cither  during  t!ie  pendency  of  a  Stilt, — In 
which  case  II  U  cail«-i  alto  <ny  ftntlnUt  litt,~ 
or  aAcT  Its  termination,  vuUil  permanent  all 
mony.*  Alimony  Is  an  aUowtmt*,  not  a  sum 
of  money  nor  a  siircific  prriiH)rtii/n  of  the  hu« 
hand's  estate,  given  a'laolutely  to  the  wife  1  it  U 
a  continuous  allrimcnt  of  sums  payable  at  reg 
alar  intervala  for  her  suprxji-t  from  year  \n 
year.*  Alimony /ns^M/r  M*  ia  grant*'  very 
much  as  a  matter  of  course,  unlers  the  wile 
has  sufficiant  separate  property,  upon  tha  in- 
stltulioa  of  a  tuil,"  ailkar  'or  the  porp^ae  of 
obtaining  a  divorce  fhaa  tka  bonds  of  matri- 
mony,* a  acnlenca  of  nallilv,  01-  a  separation 
from  bed  aad  board,*  and  wiMtker  the  wifo  be 
plaiatiff  or  dafendaiU  \  tot  \i  \,%  impropar  for 
tka  partlaa  to  live  in  autrimoaial  cokaoilaiion 
daring  tka  pendancy  of  sack  a  salt,  wkatcvet 
may  ba  its  raaate/  aiad  Ikerafort,  Ika  kaaband 
wko  kaa  all  tka  HKNiay,  and  Ika  wiAi  none,  i« 
boand  lo  fkraiidi  ka»,  wkctker  plaintilf  or  de- 
fendant, wilk  BMaaa  to  dafrav  ker  ripaasas  in 
tka  saitt  otkarwiaa  aka  migat  be  daaied  jut- 
tica.t  Alimony,  aapadally  parataaaat  alimony, 
pcrtaiaa  ratkar  to  a  Mparalian  tnm  bad  and 
board  ikaa  to  a  dlvorca  frani  tka  koad  of  matrl 
BMny.  Indeed,  It  ia  gaaaially  allowed  in  the 
hMar  caaa  only  in  panaaaca  of  itatnlofy  (jro- 
visions.'  It  ia  pnividad  by  statata  in  saversi 
Siataa  ikat,  in  caia  of  tUtrorca,  tka  coait  may 
order  tka  kuaband  lo  raitora  lo  tka  wifc,  when 
aka  is  tka  innocent  party,  and  aaaMtfaaaa  even 
wkcn  ska  (a  not,  a  part  or  Ika  wkola  of  the 
property  wkick  ke  received  ky  tka  marriage 

smi  ■•  Ma.  jot;  I  Band  Ck.  im.  ••i  Bdw.  Ch.  isv 
|M  Ikmdf.  CtT^i.  «4  Baik.  ija;  Walk.  Ck.  mi  :  • 
Hd.  Ck.  us,]n!  seal  JoaasN.C.  ss*i  BhkspMsit 


•".  «~«4>  ■< 


tiw^fl    for 


ira  iii«m  ofi   ^im  mcowM.     Ai 
ilM*««it  ai  ti<r   kuabMld,  in 

)ki  ihall  k«v«  tiMn  ■Mn<«<l 
iM<Miwi>Allh,  tf  ktr  hMtxtnil 
I  •  r#>i>l«nl  thttftf,  tit|o)r«  tU 
trtitwHT,  Mhuh  *k»  m*f  h«»< 
••«  <>(  tny  1)1  h«r  Hi«i«,  T«ni 
or  whicli  tk«  may  K«v«  ar 
nf  anjr  mariiag*  ciHilrecl  m 
rial  <if  lilM  Hiaia. 
I«  ih«  diaaolutiiMi  M  Mrtlil 
iw  tif  tka  marriaga  ral.tiioi 
f  tha  tialHlc*  of  iba  dtltarani 

r>W<ircM  ara  alti 
r,  da»*nltin  (or  •  tuMtAc<t 
Maa  if  kaMiual,  and  oihtf 
a  Hialaa  dlvufvaa  ara  «<•(  «l' 
'a«i  ftM  «<1ullary  only,  aii'i  in 
t  iha  alxiva  uf  irthar  cauMt 
watioN  raconna  nt  >»i  ha  haJ 
ituiaa  of  iha  partlruUr  Htalt. 
)f  ihnaa  cima««|aanc««  wlilch 
)ra(l*<>n  or  ofdar  erf  Iha  court, 
nt  ara — AlimHtf,  or  Iha  allow- 
t^Mnil,  iiy  urdar  of  ciiurt,  pay* 
If  aamraia  from  liim,  for  har 
'n«  alluwnnca  mar  bv  for  bar 
I  Iha  |)«ri<l«n«:y  of  •  wit, — in 
railx'l  aliii  ^ny  f*ndtmtt  Ittt,—- 
iiiaiinn,  Cbilad  parmanam  iJi 
y  la  an  aJ/mvumt,  not  •  turn 
iprcifu:  proi>orli«,n  of  th«  hin 
en  a^wolulaly  lu  Iha  wifa ;  it  it 
(mani  uf  turn*  payalila  at  rag 
IT  h«r  aupr<oil  frnm  ye«r  tn 
pmdtntt  hit  la  granlt'  veiy 
tar  of  courta,  unlars  the  wii'v 
iMirala  pronarly,  upon  tb«  in 
ft,"  althcr  'or  the  pnr}x««  of 
)rc«  from  tb«  bond*  (Mf  outH' 
ice  of  ii«llitv,  or  •  tapMvtloo 
Mrd,*  and  whether  (ha  wift  be 
ndanl;  for  it  It  improp«r  for 
e  In  BMtrlmoaial  coMMlalion 
lency  of  rach  •  suit,  whataver 
1^  aad  tlwrafor*,  the  baabanil 
I  noaey,  and  the  wUt  none,  i< 
I  Imv,  wbctlMr  plaintiff  or  de- 
MM  to  d«frav  har  rxprniM  in 
riM  she  MigBl  b«  dmied  jut- 
,  Mpadally  pcrauuNiit  •Umony, 
to  a  M|Minlkm  froai  bad  and 
ItvoK*  fnM  lb*  bond  of  aaH 

k  la  ganflfaliy  allowed  in  the 
In  pwnOTC*  of  Malttlory  |jro- 
pravided  byttattite  In  Mvcnu 
aaa  of  divoiv*,  the  cowt  miy 
id  to  natora  to  the  wife,  when 
hM  pwttjr,  and  aomallaiea  even 
It,  a  pak  or  iba  whole  oi'  the 
1m  received  by  Iba  marriagf 

■aad  Ch.  iM.    %i  Idw.  Ch.  iss 

aaa  •  JaMf  N.  C.  s>*  i  BMMpMaii 
9-wJCtUmn.  *  n*.  |j^ 


MAHHIAiiK  AND  UiVURCI. 


la  MMMe  eaaaa,  alao,  Iba  eo«H  la  aaihoriiad  to 
-iivldo  lh«  prttpari^  hatwaan  lh»  |)artt«<,  Ihia 
l>atn«  a  (HliaiHuia  ftir  the  alloarama  o/  alimony, 
tor  rarthar  |Mrttciil«r«,  racuurae  mval  b«  had 
i>>  the  (iaiMiaa  in  (|u««iloii.' 

To  anillla  a  wife  lo  |M>rm«n*ni  alimony,  Iha 

l>tlla«rlng  rnn<lltioii«  ara  r«<|ul«ila  i    |.    IVaif  of 

«  lagai  and  valid  nuiiiaija  *     I,  A  iut»l*lan<:e 

•f  Iba  ralailon  of  hutliand  and  wifai*  t.ui  Ihia 

iai|Hl*lta  la    nol    {{anaially  indlaiMiwabla"     j, 

Iha  wifa  mu«l  Iw  M-iMiaiad  from  the  Iwd  and 

Kiarti  of  har  hutluiml  by  judliial  dacrae,   a« 

voluntary  Miwralion,  for  wbitcrar  cauaa,  la  In* 

^iiffi<  iant.     l*armai)#iii  alimony  miiai,  a*  a  gan- 

•^ral  rale,  he  awardnl  by  Iha  tama  dairaa  that 

uranta  the  taparaiion,  or  at  la^ai  in  iha  tame 

<ult,  for  It  ia  not,  in  gaiiaral,  lomiialant  to  main- 

i-iln  aa  ladepandaiu  or  «uln«><tuant  auit  for  Ih4t 

ptirpoae.*    4.  The  wifa  muit  nut  be  tha  (ulliy 

j-artr.' 

1m  amount  to  ha  awarded  for  alimony  de- 
i«nda  apun  a  jraai  vniitiv  of  connidarationt, 
«nd   la   aovamad    by   no   flicd    rule*."      The 
ibilliy  of  Iha   hiiabind   ia  a  circumnlanca  of 
mora  importance  than  tha  nc>  nuity  of  lh<i  wife, 
ropcclally  in   re»p»t!   to   jierns.>i»*nt   alimony; 
uid  in  aaiimallng  hi*  abitily,  hi*  antira  iiuome, 
wbaihar  daHved  from  hi«  jwoparly  or  p«r»oiial 
'xeriiona,  will  lie  laken  into  coi)«i<leralion.f  If 
iha  wife  haa  teiia  »la  pio|«i  ,  ,•  jr  darlvet  In- 
come from  her  p«r«onal  aii«riion*,  IhU  will  alao 
lie  cciaidarad.     Tha  methuii  of  comiMilutlon 
I*  to  add  the  wife'*  annual  liu-rHne  to  har  baa- 
Und'ti   con»lder    what,    undar    the    drcnm- 
'Uncea,   thoiild   he    allowed   her  out   ol    the 
'«»{"»••«.  than,  from  iba  kum  to  delrrmlned, 
induct  her  icparata  Incomr,  and  tha  remainder 
will  be  khn  annual  allowant-a  to  be  made  her. 
!  bare  are  variou*  other  circtimstance*  I*ii1ea 
>  abllitv  of  the  huiband ,  an,   whether  the 
ulk  of  tlifl  pro[>crty  ccme  from  the  wife,  or 
•elongcd  nriginallv  to  the   hui>l)And,*  or   wra 
.iccumalalad  by  the  joint    exeiiiona  of  both 
I'lUaouent  to  tha  marrinirc.*    W  briber  there 
are  children  to  be  educat.;U  and  luiifjortrd,  and 
iipmi  whom  their  kup|Mirt  and  education  de- 
volve*.*   The  condition  in  life,  employmani, 
health,  and  place  of  residence  of  the  hu»liand, 
u  demanding  a  larger  or  tmaller  *um  fur  his 
own  laoporti*  Iba  circumilance,  condition  in 
life,  health,  necaaaary  expenditure*,  and  place 
of  reiideBca  of  tha  wllei*  the  ccpduct  and 
demeanor  of  the  wife  townrd*  the  hu*band 
who  deairea  cohabitation,'  and  hi*  aa  well  \  the 
eataat  and  nature  of  the  bu»band'*«  or  wife'i 

r-8aa  aba  BUhon  Marr  ft  DIv  cc.  it-m.  a-t  Rrh. 
End.  ala  1  a  Add.  Eccl.  4^4 ;  4  H  ft  M.  wt;  m  Oa. 
mj  fcaa.  Caa.  (N.  S.)  uSI.    »-i  U<  fc.i.1.  0<i    1 


Piak.  aafi  1  II.I.  aia.  -  a-a  Phlll 
laaLi.   »« UN. (17)4 Huavhr. 


49« 
Clll,  105:  7 

Moo.  jTo;  5 

.   Eccl.  40;  f  Ad<l. 
)•<>.    Ik-ii  A2.t.  (N. 


w^ssmm. 


MS 


I  the  aggravation  or  e« 
tha  cauae  of  taiwiaiion  by  ai't< 
ever  othar  eircamataiii;**  or  cm    .  ;.  1- 

dr*M  Ihrnmclva*  lo  lb»  diacretlon  ttf  (Jw  »K,-i>«l. 
Tha  iirot»Nrii<H)  n(  Iha  louN  Iftamiie  »«   ^ 
awaMle<l   for   |«rinanaitl   a'inxmy  ra>i^c 
ona  ihird  lo  una  half.   In  alimony  fwndeiu.-  li. 
it  \*  not  M*ual  lo  allow  mora  inan  about  on: 
fifth  *     ttonarally,  a  la»»  iirn^Kuium  will  be  ai 
lowad  out  uf  a  large  eaUla  than  a  amall  (ma 
where  the  t|ua«ii<in  I*  on  alimony  diirtng  the 
tull,  for  than  ihe  wife  thoiild   live  in  taclutlon, 
and   warn*   only   a    comfonable    aulwlata  icc* 
Tha  amminl  uf  alimony  I4  llalila  at  any  lima  to 
be  diminUhad  ur  incit aaed  at  the  dlicraiion  of 
the  ctiurti 

Alimony  muat  lecure  to  the  wife  a*  wife,  • 
maliiienaiice  aaiwrale  from  har  hutbandi  an 
aliMdiiUe  iitia  in  i|i«ci(ic  |>io|i«riy,  or  a  *«la  of  a 
imrt  of  Iha  hii*baii<l'i  antaia  for  her  u*e,  cannot 
be  dacrccd  or  cunfirmrd  to  her  a*  alimony* 
N<ir  I*  alimony  rat;arded,  in  any  general  aenrte, 
84  Ihe  *a|Hirata  |>rti|ieny  of  the  wifa  i  hence  ibe 
can  neither  alienate  nor  cbarge  il  j'  if  ib<<  auffrr* 
I  it  to  remain  In  arraan  for  more  than  one  year, 
I  ;h«  cannot  generally  rewovar  iiicli  arreani"  if 
•he  lavai  up  aiiythini;  fr»m  har  annual  allow- 
ance, upon  her  dcjih  it  will  go  to  her  hii4 
band  i«  if  there  are  any  arrear*  at  tha  time  of 
her  death,  thay  cannot  he  recovered  by  her 
executor*.*  Her  right  to  alimony  cea«e«  uixm 
the  death  of  her  hutband,'  he  being  bound  lu 
•upport  har  only  during  hi*  lire;  it  ceuea  al*a 
U|Kin  reconciliation  and  cobablialion. 

The  eilent,  Incident*,  and  nature  of  alimony 
ia  largely  regulated  by  *talute,  and  all  oliacrvn- 
lion*  concerning  them  ihould  be  very  carefully 
received  in  conjunction  with  the  tialule*  of 
the  particular  State  where  the  tubject  Is  to  ba 
con*ldered,* 

Child«cm— Cottody  or.  The  Irihunnl 
bearing  a  divorce  cauae  i*  generally  authorixed 
\n  itaiule  to  direct,  during  iu  pendency  and 
allerward*,  with  which  of  the  partie*,  or  with 
what  other  per*on,  Ihe  children  iball  remain, 
and  io  maka  pruviolon  out  of  the  huiband'a  fo- 
late for  their  nii)inlennnt«.  There  are  f«.w 
jxwillve  rule*  upon  Ihe  *ubj«ct,  the  mailer  being 
left  to  the  di*crellon  of  the  court,  lo  be  exer- 
cl»ed  aecfirdliig  to  the  circuniHtancc*  of  each 
c<we.  1  ho  general  principle  i*  to  con*ull  the 
welfare  of  the  child,  rather  than  any  aunpiMed 
right*  of  the  parent*,  and  a*  between  the  pa- 
rent* to  prefer  the  innoceni  to  the  guilty.     In 

8-)  7*3  L  3  Harr.  (Dal.)  14*.    •-)  Palg*  Ch.  tOy .-  4  Jd. 
O41;  lOnan.  ■;■;  .  Lllf.  3J7;  laliit.  477.    ri  1  H«f 


"11,  iwrwn.  171;  ■  i-i".  3J7i  loi.n.  477.  «.i  Han. 
Eccl.  |i<,Jji.  a-t  Pick.  417;  4  Gill.  Kit;  II  A1«,(T7. 
«.)«73-     rj  Hill  (N.  y.)  iii;   .   II.     *  ^ 

■4V    ir-3  H,ia(-  Eccl.  637 ;  1   In 


S  Dan.    499:    i.lll. 
ohm  t  h.  S4I ;  4  D« 


*  l!li?*i/U  i  MdTlii  489.    ai-Sea  lo  fiifc  ch.  a' 

I  Hill  (N:V.)  aoyi   Biihop  Ifarr.  ft  D.  Kioo-ioea, 

*IS»  ^-431.  ' 


J46 


MARRIAGE  AND  DIVORCE. 


^1 


n 


Ihe  alxence  of  «  controlling  neceisity  or  verf 
itrong  propriety  ariting  from  the  circumitance* 
of  the  case,  the  father's  claim  ia  to  be  pre- 
ferred.' 

The  conse(]VINCbs  of  dlTorce  are  such  as 
flow  from  the  sentence  by  operation  of  law,  or 
flow  from  either  the  sentence  or  the  proceeding 
by  reason  of  their  being  directly  ordered  by  the 
court  and  set  down  of  record.*  In  regard  to 
the  former,  they  are  chiefly  such  as  result  im- 
mediately and  necesMriiy  from  the  definition 
and  nature  of  a  divorce.  Being  a  dissolution 
of  the  marriage  relation,  the  parties  have  no 
longer  an^  of  the  rights,  nor  are  subject  to  any 
of  the  duties,  pertaining  to  that  relation.  They 
are  henceforth  single  persons  to  all  intents  and 
puirposes.  It  is  true  that  the  statute*  of  some 
of  the  States  contain  provisions  disabling  the 
guilty  party  from  marrying  again;  but  these 
are  ijn  mt  nature  of  penal  regulations,  collateral 
to  the  divorce,  and  which  leave  the  latter  in 
full  force.* 

Depencis.  Some  of  the  principal  deferices 
in  suits  for  divorce  are:  ComHtvtmet,  or  the  coi^ 
rapt  consent  of  a  party  to  the  conduct  in  the 
other  party  whereof  ha  afterwards  complains. 
This  bars  the  right  of  divorce,  1)ecauae  no  injury 
was  received }  for  what  a  roan  has  consented 
to  he  cannot  say  was  an  injury.*  ColluiioH. 
This  is  an  agreemeat  between  husband  and 
wife  for  one  of  them  to  commit,  or  appear  to 
commit,  a  breach  of  matrimonial  duty,  for  the 
purpose  of  enabling  the  -other  to  obtain  the 
leKal  remedy  of  divorce,  Vs  fpr  a  real  injury. 
Where  the  act  has  not  Wen  done,  collusion  is 
a  real  or  attempted  frtud  upon  the  court; 
where  it  has,  it  is  also  a  species  of  conuivance ; 
in  either  case  it  is  a  bar  to  anv  claim  for  di- 
vorce.* ComdMutHom  applies  chieilv,  though 
not  exdnsively,  to  the  offence  of  adttltesry;  it 
is  the  conditional  forgivenen  or  remission  by 
the  husband  or  wife  of  a  matrimonial  oAmcc 
which  the  other  has  oommitte4.  While  the 
condition  remains  unb-'iken,  c<mdonation,  on 
whatever  motive  it  proceeded,  is  an  absolute 
bar  to  the  remedy  for  the  pmrticular  injury 
condoned.*  JR!eerim<i»Mti^.  This  is  a  de- 
fence arising  fronk  the  complainanf  *  being  in 
like  guilt  w'*h  the  one  of  whom  he  com- 
plains. It  is  incompetent  for  one  of  the  parties 
to  a  marriage  to  come  into  court  and  complain 
of  the  other's  violation  of  nMtrinonial  duties, 
if  the  party  complaining  Is  guilty  likewise. 
When  the  defendant  sets  up  rach  violation  in 
answer  to  the  plaintiff's  raft;  this  is  called,  in 
ihe  matrimonial  law,  recrimination.* 

The  foregoing  defences,  though  available  in 
■11  divorce  causes,  are  more  frequently  applic- 
■Ue  where  a  divorce  is  loiasbt  on  the  ground 
of  adultery. 

r.lUe»«I><s:n.  Rd.  M  Bd.Wsj:  4s  M.  H.  •»!  «« 

Pick.  Mm.  x^;   3  H>U  N- V..W!  »t"">*i.**Ay- 

8t]  t*  Id.  o,  and  CMc*  dttd;  BIthap  Mirr.  h.  DIv. 

iblinlllarrTftlDiv.ij^e.  VCi«hop  Marr' ft  niv.  | 
lu.  B-R<ihap.M Arr.  ft  DKr.  |  jto.  y-Ulthop  Murr. 
itHv. I fiioj i; Mi>it. «jo. «37 :  iiTlf oTlr iiUA.r^, 


PaoPKRTY.  In  regard  to  rights  of  property 
as  between  husband  and  wife,  a  sentence  of 
divorce  leaves  them  as  it  finds  them.  Conse- 
quently, all  transfers  of  property  which  were 
actually  executed,  either  in  law  or  fact,  continue 
undisturbed ;  for  example,  the  personal  estate 
of  the  wife,  reduced  to  possession  by  the  hus- 
band, remains  his  after  the  divorce  Ihe  ume  as 
before.  But  it  puts  an  end  to  all  rights  de- 
pending upon  the  marriage  and  not  actually 
vested  I  as,  dower  in  the  wire,  all  rights  of  tbt;. 
husband  in  Ihe  real  estate  of  the  wile,  and  his 
right  to  reduce  to  possession  her  choses  in  ac-t 
tion.'  In  respect  to  dower,  however,  it  should  be' 
observed  that  a  contrary  doctrine  has  been  settled 
in  New  York,  it  beip.g  there  held  that  immedi- 
ately upon  the  marriage  being  solemnised  the 
wife's  right  to  dower  twcomes  perfect,  provided 
only  she  survives  aer  husband.' 

Vaudity  op  Divorce.  Numerous  and  dif- 
ficult questions  are  constantly  arising  in  regard 
to  the  f/slidity  in  one  State  of  divorces  granted 
bv  the  courts  or  legislature  of  another  State. 
The  following  propositions  require  the  highest 
consideration  :*  i.  The  tribunals  of  a  country 
have  no  jurisdiction  over  *.  cause  of  divorce, 
wherever  the  offence  may  have  occurred,  if 
neither  of  the  parties  has  an  actual  ionafidt 
domicil  widiin  its  territory,  a.  To  entitle  the. 
court  to  take  jurisdiction,  it  is  sufficient  for  one 
of  the  parties  to  be  domiciled  in  the  country ; 
both  need  not  be,  neither  need  the  citation, 
when  the  domiciled  party  is  plaintiff,  be  served 
personally  on  the  defendant,  if  such  personal 
service  cannot  be  made.  3.  The  place  where 
the  offence  was  committed,  whether  in  Ihe 
country  in  which  the  suit  is  K  .^ght  or  a  foreien 
country,  is  immaterial.  4.  The  domicil  of  the 
parties  at  the  time  of  the  offence  committed  is 
of  no  consequence,  the  jurisdiction  depending 
on  their  domicil  when  the  proceeding  is  insti- 
tuted and  the '  -dgment  is  rendered.  ^.  It  is 
immaterial  to  tdis  avestion  of  jurisdiction  in 
what  country  or  unoer  what  system  of  divorce 
laws  the  marriage  was  celebrated.  It  should 
be  observM,  however,  that  the  l^t  proposition 
but  one  is  not  sustained  by  o^ithori^  in  Fenn- 
sylvania  and  New  Hampshire,  it  beii%  held  in 
those  States  that  the  tnbunais  of  the  country 
alone  where  the  parties -were  domiciled  when 
the  dtUelum  (famt  or  offence)  occorted  have 
jurisdiction  to  grant  a  divorce.^  And  in  regard 
to  the  second  proposition,  it  U  to  be  ofaservci; 
that,  without  peiaonal  citation  within  thit  5utt« 
the  divorce  is  not  of  binding  effect  in  any  othe^ 
State.  ^ 

SMtor.  Set  Amunmcnair. 
tmtmw  mt  Skip.  Sm  BAiutanTSi  Coma«cn. 
Nistmilll  MM*-  S««  UmM. 
MayiMMm*  Sm  Gbimimai.  Law. 


6  Watts  ft  8.  P«n-.  Is.  <•  i  iHorr.  Dd.  440i.  *  Com. 
•■i:  sMd.  4*9;  • 

.    ., N.  Y.  4SO. 4»4:  S  Biatiir  lad.  joo! 

Ky.  ■S42  6  Watts  PmL  131.    SM  Burtt.  N.  Y 


S4I ;  to  Id.  mil  •  Md.  4*9 ;  •»«**.  w . 
K.lis  Ch.  N..T.  4«>.  4*4:  i  BUtkr  lid. 


N 

ft  THy.  cn.  ».     -  .„ 

Penn.  *si ;  8  Pcnn.  St.  449 

34  fS.  H.Si8,«iide«i«ithrf  .„ 

tile  law  of  Lonisiaaa  «m  9  La.  Aaa.  31^1 


lo  Id.  Me;  10 
sDao- 

tl-BUiorMarr. 
Ptaui.  349 :  8  Watts  ft  S. 
see  30  Ptnn.  St.  41*,  t 


y. Vil  « l>o.  N.  Y.  loa,  ««,  >S3. 
-     Ctk.at^  fc-fJWatto,  Ptam.  34, . 

:  see  30  Ptnn.  St.  41*,  4<6 ; 
rr«  cii«d ;  33  Id.  474 ;  and  for 


'•^■tiiiiilMiiw 


liwiwnijw 


■Hami 


mm 


i  to  rights  of  propertT 
d  wife,  a  sentence  of 
it  finds  them.    G>n9e- 

property  which  were 
in  law  or  fact,  continue 
le,  the  personal  e«tate 
possession  by  the  hus- 
he  divorce  the  same  as 

end  to  all  rights  de- 
iage  and  not  actually 

wife,  all  rights  of  th^ 
:e  of  the  wile,  and  his 
Mion  her  choses  in  »c-'. 
r,  however,  it  should  be' 
octrine  has  been  settled 
wre  held  that  immedi- 
!  being  solemnised  the 
omes  perfect,  provided 
sband.' 

:e.  Numerous  and  dif- 
tactly  arising  in  regard 
tte  of  divorces  granted 
ture  of  another  State. 
sns  require  the  highest 

tribunals  of  •  country 
er  Ik  cause  of  divorce, 
nay  have  occurred,' if 
las  an  actual  bona  jidt 
ory.  2.  To  entitle  the. 
I,  it  is  sufficient  for  one 
liciled  in  the  country ; 
Iter  need  the  citation, 
ty  is  plaintiff,  be  served 
idant,  if  such  personal 
3.  The  place  where 
titted,  whether  in  the 
t  is  bk  .^ht  or  a  foreign 

4.  The  domicil  of  the 
le  offence  committed  is 
jurisdiction  depending 
he  proceeding  is  insti- 
t  is  rendexed.  5.  It  is 
kticn  of  jurisdiction  in 
what  system  of  divorce 
celebrated.  It  should 
hat  the  Ifst  proposition 
1  by  «i<sith(»i^  in  Feni>- 
ipsbire,  it  being  held  in 
nbttoals  of  the  country 
-we^e  domiciled  when 
offence)  occomd  have 
Ivorce.^  And  in  regard 
IB,  it  is  to  be  observed; 
Itation  within  this  Stat(« 
iding  effisct  in  any  othef 

casnir. 

•  BMLMBm*;  CoMtBAcn. 

uaiis. 
UU.LAW. 

4  Hsrr.  Dd.  44«;  ICon. 
;  S  Han.  go ;  1 

5  Blackr.  lad.  300: 


NECESSARl  ES~NOV  A  riON. 


10  Id.  *6oi  10 
SDu. 

inn.  «49 :  *  Watts  ft  S. 
.  .^  aolKnn.  Si,  411, 4)6: 
PD  cited :  3)  Id.  474  i  and  for 
3«*- 


,  P«ni 


H***"'*'  Sj«  WaiOMTS  AND  Mbasuris. 
5^il!?  J'.?*"**^'  S««  Damaois. 
McdlMl  I«w.  Sea  Law. 

■•■••'■■•■•■.  S«CoNTaACT»;  CorVIIGMT 

■•wr.  S^CaiMirAi.  Law;  FstXtm 
Mllltevy  l4|«r.  See  Law 
MlsMMrrt*c«.  S«e  M.DicAL  Law. 
■iM«HBMli.«r.  See  Chiminal  Law. 

5!l!r*f  •^•'•i?**'*"-  S«>  COMTaACTS. 

■latek*.  See  Contracts. 
■IUmSIoii.  See  Damagu. 
■•anicaMON.  See  Contracts. 

mS^l^  "e  "7?  ^'*^«»  STATirras  at  Uaoa. 
■•'•■••••S"  See  CoNvBVANcas. 
■•naUUa.  See  Cohporations. 
.  ™i?*''  ■•*>i*»^»n.U»w.  See  PBasoHS;  Ra- 

LA  I'lUM. 

Timf "******  ©•iVorsMona.    8e«  Cobwra. 
XMNlclMl  Law.  See  Law. 
SR'"?"'*  §~  Crimina  l  Law. 
Wkim,  Sm  Pbrsohs. 

SlI'lS*BiJ"'c*^"'.""'*'-  ^*"'  "Maybem." 
nmVM  lAW.  See  Admiralty  ;  MARrriMs  Law 

TM^^.^"'*^  ^*  Awbbnticbshii.;  Coh. 
NBcrasARiKS.  The  term  "necessaries"  is 
not  confined  merely  to  what  is  requisite  barely 
to  support  life,  but  includes  many  of  the  con- 
venience 01  refined  society.  It  is  a  relative 
term,  which  must  be  applied  to  the  circum- 
stances and  conditions  of^  the  parties.*  Orna- 
ments and  superfluities  of  dress,  such  as  are 
usually  worn  by  the  party's  rank  and  situation 
in  li»e,»  some  degree  of  education,'  lodginB 
«nd  house-rent,*  horses,  saddles,  bridles,  liquors. 
pistols,  powder,  whips,  and  fiddles  have  been 
held  not  to  be  necessaries.* 

The  rule  for  deteimining  what  ate  neces 
sanes  is  that  whether  articles  of  a  certain  kind 
or  certain  subjeett  of  expenditure  are,  or  are 
not  such  necessaries  as  an  infant  may  contract 
for,  IS  a  matter  of  law,  and  for  iiistraction  by 
Ne  court;  but  the  question  whether  any  par- 
ticular things  come  under  these  classes,  and  the 
question  also  as  to  the  quantity,  are  generallv 
matters  for  the  jury  to  determine.' 

Infants  may  contract  for  neces8aries,s  but  ore 
not  liaWe  for  borrowed  money,  though  ex- 
pended  for  necessaries.^  Necessaries  for  the 
infants  wife  aiid  children  are  necessaries  for 
himself.*  A  wife  u  allowed  to  make  contracts 
for  necessaries,  and  her  husband  is  generally 
responsible  upon  them,  because  his  assent  is 
presumed;  and  even  if  notice  be  given  not  to 
trust  hor,  MiU  he  would  be  liable  Tor  .11  wch 
necessuic*  as  she  stood  In  need  of,  but  in  this 


^ii-tS.  ftR.t, 
&P.St;   «  H 


k-tCampb.  itoi 
S«i   •  T.  R.  sTS.- 


Sld.  3t«;   7C. 

Ldfc.  n:p. 

10 


:  t  U.  ft  O.  *5sc 

»^  M.  ft  w.  m 

M. 


[M«M.)  jt»  •  I,  N.  H.  SI :  »  BtM.  S19:  »  Humph,  n; 

.37«;   t  U.  ft  0.  5  JO  J   6  ft.'ft  W.4.J  6C: 

-•   i3,Id.  tsa.    h-^  Salk. 

«i:    I   Bibb,  sia;    « 

Noli  ft!??"J"  ^K^y^J^^:  sJp;*^; 


"»*    l»^  "•  «t  w.  7»»j   13 

*•&  S.»3,rt:   10  Vt  »ts:  mT 
Esp.tSi   ,  N.Bf.jM.   .ItlllfS. 


547 

case  the  creditor  would  be  required  to  show 
she  did  stand  in  need  of  the  articles  furnished) 
But  if  the  wife  eloper,  though  it  be  not  with 
an  auuiterer,  he  is  not  chargeable  even  for 
necessaries ;  the  very  fact  of  the  elopement  and 
separation  is  sufficient  to  put  penons  on  inquiry, 
and  whoever  gives  credit  to  the  wife  afterwards 
gives  it  at  his  peril.^ 

T.?,5fM£!l"**     ^  A"»i    BAimBNTs;   Con- 

TRACTW:   ETC. 

^Wj»bI1«.»b»  liMWpo.  See  Cruhmal  Law,  "Ar- 

NS:f!t!r^i'tt,.  ■■••'"— •••     S-    '^"~. 

WjjstnslUy.  S«e  Intbrnationai.  Law. 
raNrSr  I'Mltal   ■■vewtloM.  Sea  Pa- 

»a??«T^      ^•"•'^   ■»!*•.••.   See  Evi- 
SlE^/  ^"Jft*"^  S*«  Criminal  Law. 

wJ2I1?'o"*'d^^  ComravANCBs,  "  Wills." 

wSJiSI'w'J*'"?*'  *'°I"'  *•"»  Bills. 
Bau         •'  "••«**•  S««  B»»«»».  Notbs.  and 

IN»TATIOIir.  See  Contracts,  arc. 
NOVATION  is  the  substitution  of  a  new  obli- 
gation  for  an  old  one,  which  is  thereby  ex- 
tinguished. A  transaction,  whereby  a  debtor 
is  discharged  from  his  liability  to  his  original 
creditor,  by  contracting  a  new  obligation  in 
favor  of  a  new  creditor,  by  the  order  of  his 
original  creditor.  The  term  novation  is  rarely 
employed.  The  usual  common  law  equivalent 
IS  assignmunt  and  sometimes  merger.  Still 
this  form  of  contract  found  its  way  into  com- 
mon law  treatises  as  earty  as  Fleta's  day.  by 
whom  it  was  called  innavatie*      • 

If  A.  owes  B.  fifty  dollars ;  B.  owes  C.  the 

same  sum,  and,  at  the  request  of  C,  orders  A 

to  pajr  that  sum.  when  it  shall  fall  due,  to  C. : 

«     lV^-  f"""""*.  'nd  B.  discharges  A.  from 

all  obligation  to  him.*    And  if  A.  owes  B 

■"I®" ?^^9' .'"?  " »  "F<«<*  '>y  «»>««  rtire^ 
parties  that  A.  shall  pay  this  debt  to  C,  and 

!?•  J*.  ?,''"* .■?1T?"*''^'  discharged  from  his 
debt  to  B.,  and  B.  is  also  discharged  from  his 
debt  to  C,  then  there  is  an  obligation  created 
from  A.  to  C,  and  C.  may  bring  an  pction  in 
hU  own  luune.*  The  mutual  assent  of  all 
three  parUes  is  neceuary  to  make  en  effectual 
novauon,  or  substitution.*    This  new  promise 

i??sJf  "..a^; lS'b''*^'^!!)'  "T 'iM.ft  w. .5.. 
J-i  salk.  118 ;  t  Ld,  Raym,  lood.    k-i  &Uk.  no  •  Sir 

siii  "i"-  '^v^j  ♦! '» Johns.  .«iri.  Id.  »3.; 

Pm  t.,  ■SAuJ;m?''**iJ".«'"^,t  Hammond 
L//i2;  "^t^"  *««<>»  we  have  n»pnium*m  for  mnt 
ow^' 1.1;  ..ifjL  !!*"«'**•  ^f."^  B.  £100,  and  B. 

mirted  i.Ar^'*''  ^-  ""  f'*'  B'»  *?bri.  .]I7n" 
R^»fvi.?/5''  •^ff'J'"'  •"»  MBlnst  A."  I 
rAnoiM  COBtr.  Ch.  »«:  tBari>.  eifi     m^Zr  It   ..... 


vmmmm0mmmma^- 


m 


S4S 


NOVATION— NUISANCE. 


is  not  within  *be  praviiiom  of  the  itatute  of 
fraudii,  relating  to  a  promise  to  pay  the  debt 
uf  another;*  for  here  the  debtor  contracts  an 
entirely  new  debt  of  his  own,  the  roniideration 
of  which  is  the  sbnolute  discharge  of  the 
old  debt.  But  there  must  alwavs  be  a  debt 
once  existing  and  now  cancelled,  to  serve  as 
ft  (tmsideration  for  the  new  liability.  The  action 
in  all  cases  is  brought  on  the  new  a^een^ent. 
But  in  order  to  give  a  right  of  action  there 
utdst  be  ah  extinguishment  of  the  original  debt.r 

.    Sm  CoxmuxTS,  "Naked 


AKraemenu." 

nlaU  MMd  V*M.  Sec  CoHTBACTt,  rrc, 

MdMAMCE.  Sec  Damaoui;  Crimikal  Law. 

A  Njisance  is  that  which  incommodes  or 
annoys;  sontething  that  produces  inconvenience 
or  damage.  Nuisances  are  either  private  or 
public.  Private  when  it  affects  individuals,  as 
whon  one  man  erects  a  house  so  near  his 
neighbor  as  to  throw  the  water  off  the  roof 
upon  his  neighbor'*  land  or  house,  or  to  inter- 
cept the  light  that  his  neighbor  before  enjoved. 
Public,  when  it  annoys  cittxens  in  gener^,  as 
obstructions  of  the  highway.* 

It  is  diffiijult  to  say  what  degree  of  annoy- 
ance constitutes  a  nuisance.  If  a  thing  is 
calculated  to  interfere  with  the  comfortuble 
enjoyment  of  a  wan's  house,  it  i*  a  nuisance.* 
In  relation  io  »ffens5ve  trades,  it  seems  that 
when  such  a  tr«d«  renders  the  enjoyment  of 
life  and  property  uncomfortable  it  »  a  nui 
•tance,*  for  the  neighborhood  have  a  right  to 
pure  and  f'»-A  air.* 

A  thing  may  W  a  nuisance  in  one  place 
which  is  no)  so  in  another;  therefore  the  situ- 
ation or  locality  of  the  ni  isauce  musf  be  con 
wdered.  A  tallow-chandler  aetnng  <ip  hi'; 
business  among  other  Utilow  chandlers,  aiid 
increasing  the  noxious  smells  of  .*»«  neighbor- 
hood, is  not  guilty  of  setting  vf  a  n-'uonce 
unless  the  annoyance  is  much Increiwed  hf  the 
new  manufactory.*  Scdi  an  establishmtnt 
migh^  Irft  a  nuisance  in  a  tttickly-p'jpaiated 
town  (/  MMtrohants  ftnd  meetianics  where  no 
such  imAmtm  was  carried  on.  Carryu.g  tm  an 
oftmiy  bade  for  twenty  years  in  a  place  re- 
mote f«)m  buildings  and  public  roatfte  doe»  not 
entitle  the  owner  to  continue  it  m  tJh*  same 

Jilace  after  h^rtises  have  been  built  an^  roads 
aid  out  in  ti»e  n«;ghl»'*rhood,  to  the  oc«upaRts 
of  and  r/avellers  upon  which  it  is  a  nuisance/ 
The  trade  maybe  oflensive  for  mHse/OT*Bell,* 
•r  for  other  reasoM.' 

Private  nuisances  m»y  be  '■■:■  corporeftl  inh«^s- 

e.3Binrf>.(N.C.)Mi:  »B«rt>.»o9;  iT.  R.  174.  i-4 
H.&C.tij:  iM.&W  lav,  14  IB  34 ,  4 1*- An.  9p8i  i  ij 
N.H.  iTO.   «  ?BI.  Omm.  i66,»ii    1  Hawk.  1*1.  Cr.  197. 

I  F  4«5;  6  Ror  N    V    0..    iftiA'.ai.    t-6  Gray, 

UrM.  473;    »<»e  7  ti\M.k(  iv^A.  534;    i  C»n.  &  P.  ^3. 

m-i  3*iow.  397;  aa  Vt.  391      6  Cush.  Met«    80.     M'i 

Carr.  k  P.  48^:  15  Mete.  Ma*5.  36J;  1  Dsn,  N.  V,  s»4. 

l-i  JohM.  N.  Y.  78 :  1  S»i»B,  Tenn.  »i3;  ThacJi.  CjSai. 

C«*.  Ma«.  J4 :  J  Vmt, 

fa«f»<ert   Nat.  Brftv.  184. 

bum,  K»»<-men,       |.«  Co'^^,  58. 


C«*T  Ma«.  J4:  j'F«»t,  Jja;   a  Jur.  H.'S.  570.    irt\tf- 
-     -        -■  -       fc-j  Coke,  38 :  but  »ee  Wasb 


B«v.  )83 ,  «  RoiU«,  Abr.  X40.    f 


,  „     WKaee^ 

•M-fltAerhert,  Kai 
Campb.  461,  «E»»t 


tancci ;  as,  for  example,  if  a  man  should  buiU 
his  house  so  as  to  throw  the  rain-water  which 
fell  on  it  on  my  land  ;>  or  erect  his  building, 
without  right,  so  as  to  obstruct  my  ancient 
light!!  ;*  keep  hogs  or  other  animals  so  as  to 
incommode  his  neiehlmr  and  render  the  air 
unwholesome;'  or  to  incorporeal  hereditaments : 
as,  for  example,  obstructing  a  right  of  way  by 
ploughing  it  up,  or  laying  logs  across  U,  and 
the  like;*  or  obstructing  aspiring;*  interfering 
with  ft  franchise,  as  a  ferry  or  railroad,  by  a 
similar  erection  unlawfully  made." 

To  constitute  a  public  nuisance,  there  must 
be  such  ft  number  of  persons  annoyed  that  the 
offence  ctin  no  longer  be  considered  a  private 
nuisance;  this  is  a  fact,  generally,  to  be  judged 
of  by  the  jur^.*  PubUc  nuisances  arise  ia 
consequence  oi'^  following  particular  trades,  by 
which  the  air  ia  rendered  offtnsive  and  P'X- 
ious :»  from  acts  cf  public  indecency,  as  bath- 
ing in  a  public  river  in  sip;ht  of  the  neighboring 
houses i*  or  f::>r  acts  tending  to  a  breach  cf  the 
public  peace,  as  f<»r  drawing  a  number  of  per- 
sons into  ft  field  for  the  purpose  of  pigeon- 
shooting,  to  the  dli5turbar.ce  of  the  neign.jr 
hof»d;'  or  keeping  a  disorderly  house  j*  or  a 
gaming  house;'  or  a  bawdy  house;*  or  a  dan- 
serous  animal,  known  to  be  such,  and  suffering 
him  to  go  at  large,  as  a  large  bulldog  accus- 
tomed to  bite  people ;»  or  exposirg  a  person 
having  a  contagious  disea.se,  u  the  smallpox 
in  public;*  and  the  like.  The  bringing  a 
horse  infected  with  the  glanders  into  a  public 
place,  to  the  d.-nger  of  infecting  the  citiatens,  is 
a  misdemeanor  at  common  iaw."  The  leaving 
unburied  the  corjMe  of  a  iwison  for  whom  the 
defendant  wm  bound  !o  provide  Christian 
burial,  aa  a  wife  or  child,  is  an  indictable 
nuiwwce,  if  he  is  shown  to  have  been  of  ability 
to  provide  such  burial  .»^ 

The  remedies  are  by  an  action  for  the  dam- 
«g6  done,  by  the  owner,  in  the  case  of  a  privai? 
nuisance  ;•  or  by  any  party  suffering  specia! 
damage,  /n  the  tut  of  a  public  nuisance  ;»  by 
it^ement  by  th*  ow.  aer,  when  Ate  nuisance  is 
private  J*  and  in  some  cases  when  it  is  public, 
if  no  riot  is  committed  ;•  by  injunction  or  by 
indictment  for  a  publK'  nuisance.* 

WMjjnpmtlTii     WIH.     Sea    ConvwrAMcn, 

•mMiv  SmEviosmcb. 
MI%»«l*Ha.  Sm  Coimuc  rs. 

•il«i«  aatm  •«•#■•.  S««  Gbm««ai.  Statotw; 
Vnrtma  Status  SrATvraa  at  Lakos. 
fttmibmta*.  Se«  Acts. 

fcy,  B-  B-Cfoiw  Cta.  «o;  Hawkim  n  Cr  b. «.  c  75, 
ho:  a  lA.  Rayaa,  tiij;  i  Burr  ui.  i  Straaat,  .^0 
a-^  RMsdK  Crime*,  . Ja ;  s  Carapb  89 :  Sid  )W.  > 
3  hmrM9  X  Aid.  184.  •-'  Ruei.ell,  Crim<».  198.  t-i 
Itiawsll,  Oimes,  S99;  Hawklno,,  PI.  Cr.  b.  i,c  75,!^ 
■-Uavkina  i^-  Cr.  b.  1,  e  74. 1 » :  Bacun,  Abr.  Ar»i 
iait;t(A.);  9  Corn.  jjo.  ir-4  Burn.  Just.  578.  W« 
Mwdtt  ft  S.  n,  ty*.  X-marsl.  Cr.  Cm.  14 :  a  Huritt. 
ft  N.  »aeh.  •»  #■*  IS*"-  Cf.  C»».  3*}  .  •« J.J"' 
K.  S.  S7D.    m-3  BUckitone,  CoaiB!.   »>u.    |*.4  Wend. 

N.  y         "'  ~      " 


WasliMrn.  Ea»ee«e»u.    tf-i  Buir.  337 .  4 
tttf.  «•;    I  Stnuge,  616,  704 1   a  Chiuy,  Crim.  Law, 


570.     *-3   ._».~.~,  ^ ..—  •    « -,    

"•  «.9i    I  *<   5*9i    •   rtnti.  St.  309:     Jarib,   194; 
V«a«h:  J41 :  J  Maide  ft  S.  15*;    a  Wi^n  lii:  i  &jp- 
!   ,4«       tfiMtoAbr.  5«5.    KofW,  J94  :     «  Bsnalr.  19J; 
xe  1  Bowl,  ft  R.  5$6     '-^  f^ok«.  -" :    ^  Salk.  458 ; 
BUckslOtte  Comm  5.    4-a  Uabuy.  Ci    i.. .  Sj6. 


OWNER-PARTNERSHIP. 


e,  if  a  man  should  build 
}w  the  rain-water  which 
•^  or  erect  his  building, 
to  obstruct  my  ancient 

other  animals  so  a*  to 
lx>r  and  render  the  air 
corporeal  hereditaments : 
icling  a  right  of  way  by 
lying  logs  across  <t,  and 
ng  a  spring;"  interfering 

ferty  or  railroad,  by  a 
'ally  made." 

!c  nuisance,  there  must 
ersons  annoyed  that  the 
be  considered  a  private 
,  generally,  to  b«  judged 
blic  nuisances  aiise  ia 
ing  particular  trades,  by 
?red  oiftnsive  and  p-x- 
blic  indecency,  as  baih- 

sightof  the  neighboring 
(iding  to  a  breads  c<f  the 
ftwing  a  number  of  per- 
the  purpose  of  pigeon- 
bance  Jf  the  neignL  jr- 
disorderly  house;*  or  a 
iswdy  house  ;•  or  a  dan- 
to  be  such,  and  suflering 

a  large  bulldog  accus- 
»  or  exposipg  a  person 
iseiue,  t»  the  small-pox 
like.  The  bringing  a 
e  glanders  into  a  public 
■  infecting  the  citizens,  is 
mon  law."  The  leaving 
'  a  pnton  for  whom  the 
1    to  provide   '..Christian 

child,  is  an  indictable 
n  to  have  been  of  ability 
r 

f  an  action  for  the  dam- 
r,  in  the  case  of  a  privait? 
'  party  suffering  special 
'  a  public  nuisance  ;*  by 
ler,  when  A*-  nuisance  is 

cases  «rhen  it  is  public, 
i  i'  by  injunction  or  by 
:  nuisance.* 
m.     See     CoHvwr&Hca*, 


«inrR*(  rs. 

MM.  Her-  Criminal  Ltm 
'.  Sm  Gknbkal  STATwras: 
I  AT  L.Aaoa. 


.•Hiwkim  n  Cr  b.  i.  c  75. 
I  Burr  jij .  >  SiraB(«,  ?». 

iCampi)  8ci:  Si'J  !«*.  > 
'I  Ruci«ll,  Crim.».  igt.  t-i 
wklrio,,  PI.  Cr.  b.  i.  c.  7S,|6 
.  li.ii :   Bacon.  Alir.  Jfiti- 

»-i  Burn.  Ju««.  J78.  W-* 
ogni.  0.  Ct^i.  >4 :  «  Hiarht. 
IB.  Cf.  C»».  3*5  ;  l—i  J"' 
w,  Comin.  itu.  l»-4  Wend. 
Penc.  St.  J09;  Ztrih.  194; 
3.  4}a:  a  Bii^n.  aty,  1  Sm. 
:  liMe.  394 :  1  B«tlair.  19}, 
^  Cok«,  m  :    a  Sulk.  45S ; 


M 


«>pinl«is.  Sm  EvtDBMCK. 
Op«lin»nc«ii.  Set  GviDSNca. 
Ordinary  Dtoill.  See CoimiAm. 
OrlciMM  Bn(irl4Mk  Sm  Accouut*. 
OWNKM.  SMAaaioMMRirT:  BAiutairTs;  Saum 

ITC  ,  KTi:. 

An  owner  is  be  who  has  dominion  of  a 
ihing,  real  or  p-nonalj  corporeal  or  incorporeal, 
which  he  has  a  right  to  enjoy  and  do  witu  u 
hi;  pleases — even  to  .jioil  or  destroy  it,  aa  fai  as 
the  law  permiu,  unless  he  be  prevented  by 
some  agreement  or  covenant,  whrch  restrains 
his  right.     Although  thtf  caa  be  but  one  ab- 
solute owner  of  a  fl»ing,  (here  may  be  a  quali- 
/icd  ownership  of  the  same  thing  by  mwjy. 
Thus,  a  bailor  has  the  general  ownership  in  the 
thing  bailed,  the  bailee  the  «|;«cia!  ownet-jhip. 
The  right  of  the  abiolure  o .  ner  is  more  es- 
tcnded  than  that  of  him  wha  has  only  &  qyall. 
lied  ownership;  as,  for  example,  the  nse  of  the 
ihing.    Thus,  the  absolute  ownta'  of  the  estate, 
tb?'  is,  an  owner  in  fee,  may  rut  the  wood,  de- 
molush  the  buildings,  build  new  ones,  and  dig 
wherever  h«  may  deem  proper  for  Biineral*, 
stone,  plaster,  and  similar  thinga,  which  would 
be  considered  actionable  and  would  aot  be 
allowed  in  a  qualified  owner  of  the  e«4ate,  as  a 
lessee  "    a  tenant  for  life.    The  word  owner, 
when  used  alone,  importt  an  abaolnte  owner.* 
When  there  are  several  joint  owners  of  « 
(hmg— as,  fof  ttxample,  of  a  ship— the  maionty 
■)l  ihcm  have  a  rigfe  to  make  contract*  ui  re- 
jKct  to  such  thing  in  the  usual  t:oune  of  btwU 
ntss  or  repair,  arid  iUa  iikc,  «ind  the  Siiftority 
will  be  bound  by  such  raatracU.' 
**anl*B.  Sm  CniMiMAt.  Law. 
Pnrewto.  Sm  Pkasons;  RautiOMk 
Parol.  S«  Kifucsaca;  1  sAaas, 
PMrt^»Wtt«vtu  Sm  Owwim. 
FarUHi  pMm.  S<e  In»tn«Ai»c«. 

P*r«|«s.  Sm  ISe^m,  Nw«,  am»  Stua:  Cow 

TKACTS,  *ltT, 

r*rt»mtm.  Sm  pAvvrnmntu  Mtuntam 

vAmTMmmsum.  a«  AM,mu£»m:  muA, 

^M09,  Awa  Srot»;  CoOTiwcrs .;  0«w«Ai«^  ms^l 
Fot  foftisa,  um  CowwMcir  Voaits,  waia. 

GEHRltAL  PARTNERSHIP. 

PAaxMiwsMss'  '■•  &¥olu«Jaryco?!tir*ta  between 
!wo  or  more  perat^a  for  jailing  iijgeiher  their 
noney,  g^jod*,  labor,  and  skill,  or  aay  or  all  of 
them,  its  amui  iawfut  coromera'!!  ar  bttfiincta, 
uader  an  understanding,  expcvM,  or  impiied 
from  the  nature  of  the  entefpriac,  that  there 
shall  be  a  communion  of  profit  and  loss  between 
them.*  Tiielawofpartner»hip,ai»admsui«ered 
■n  bngiand  and  the  Uniic-i  State*,  rests  on  a 
foundation  contposed  of  three  materials—the  ; 
common  htw,  the  law  of  merduuts,  and  tlMi 
Roman  taw.* 


4«Sj  5  Ark.  »jt      it-CoUysi-  Partn.  i  t.     i^. 

:  «  Mat.  (Ky. )  *s8.    H-j  B.  &  C.  lofl ;  5  Bck.  is' 

C.tti:ilM.Aa.jij.    »-Colly«-P«rtn  I56.   f- 

"JP"'-.^'  ^X:  I  *•«"  Comm.  30 ;  Stury  Fwtn. 

fc-S  M .  »  W  asr     »■«  JC.  B.  «» :   &«.  cTl. 
**'    '•kiw   5»^»*3     J-»o  B,  &  c!i4oj   6 


A  {wrt»er«hiR  eaistn  when  two  or  mitjr«  per- 
sons cutnbii.  J  their  property,  skill,  an  t  labor,  or 
one  or  more  of  them,  in  the  transaction  of  busi- 
ness, foi^  their  common  p/ofii."  'When  a  p»ft- 
nenhip  is  fbrmed  by  written  articles,  it  is  con- 
sidered ai  beginning  at  the  date  of  the  articles, 
unlets  they  coR!a.in  a  siipufwioii  to  the  ccn- 
traiy.* 

As  a  p«neral  rule,  a  partnership  may  exist  ia 
any  business  or  transaction  which  is  not  a  mere 
pei«;?nsl   office,  and   foj  tlie  p«rformanke  «( 
which  payinent  may  be  enforced.*    It  may  \m 
cieated  for  a  special  purpose,  -.w  confined  by  the 
parties  to  a  particular  line  of  business,  or  even 
a  »ingf<j  transaction.'    Qne  pannsr  may  iwn- 
tribute  all  the  money  or  all  the  stock,  or  all  thif 
liikir  or  skill  necessary  for  ihe  purposes  of  the 
firm;  }f»t  iw  ftrder  to  make  peopii'  liable  as 
partsssn  t«  each  other,  it  is  necessary  that  there 
should  be   a  community  of  profits,*  although 
one  of  them  may  stipaltte  10  ije  indemnifi^ 
against  3»>in.*     This,  however,  respecU  theii' 
mutual  claims,  fo'  however  they  may  stipulate 
with  each  other,  all  who  take  a  share  m  the 
profits,*  and  aU  who  allow  thcmselvfes  to  hn  d<  > 
scribed  and  held  out  as  partners,  are  liable  as 
such  to  ihota  to  whom  they  have  so  held  the-n- 
selves  out.i    Supposing  the  paniea  to  have  be- 
come j«utner»,  the  result  is  that  each  11663. 
vldual  ixutner  constitutes  the  others  his  agenU 
fos'  ihe  purpoje  cf  eiitering  into  all  contracts 
(m  blm  in  the  sro|ie  of  the  pattncrship  convent, 
and  consequently,  thsu  he  isiiable  to  the  perform- 
ance s4m  auch  contnicts  in  the  same  manner 
as  if  entered  into  personalty  by  hiniself.^    It  is 
not  o^sentSal  to  the  existtnoe  of  a  pannershin 
ihU  tLere  should  be  any  joint  capital  or  stocl: 
SomMimcts  «  pannership  exists  lietwee.i  parties 
^  m*reJy  as  the  managers  *nd  dispoters  of  the 
I  goods  of  fthtrs,"    A  partnenhLp  is  presumed 
I  la  be  g^nernl  when  there  is  no  stipulations,  or 
!  no  evidence,  from  the  course  of  business,  to  the 
conlw.TT.a   There  nuy  be  a  pMinership  10  ttade 
in  land.*    A  ship  as  well  as  any  other  chaUelj 
may  be  held  in  sCrirt  putnerehtp.*    But  shiyv 
e.m  generally  r  -f^ed  by  parUes  as  tenants  sn 
common ;  sad  uiey  are  not,  in  oonsfiqnenee  of 
such  ownsiship,  to  be  DiMU|i4er«d  as  partners.^ 
The  sas>e  is  t»»e  oJ'  any  otheir  spedes  of  prop- 
erty  ic  wk^ch  «h«  ponies  Jum  only  a  coea< 
munity  of  inf.trest.' 

COKTRACT.  The  formation  of  a  cm. 
tritct  of  partnership  does  not  reqciiro  tay  par- 
ticular fmrtnxlsm.  It  is,  in  s<enttial,  st^omt 
ihat  it  h  fortaed  by  the  vdnntaiy  consent  of  thk 
partie»,  whether  that  be  exuros  or  implied; 
whether  it  be  i,y  written  articles,  taci«  a!^t^t». 

jit>rPMtt.9t;; 
»'i4  How. 


*JiL%Tu'i^t:^m'.'*'- 


i4«>, 


4»'i;   Vat.'WtJXjtmi  jrmt7%u  tif;   10  Ci^.' 
f  Pui     -  -    - 

ta. 

4a7.    ^-Cotly«rnrtB7| 


«* :  4  -Jcua.  vM;   Sttajr  1 

Oamtvi.  m:  CoByw  Fana. JiiljT 
Ftntt  ' 


irtn.  USi.fj.     ^3  K«.t 
,  .  J nlj.  »  kaw.  *4(  «  Ma. 

n.ssU.  487.    «-Cotly«r  ArtB.  luSs:  iWt.nii 

14  r«nn.  St.  'i,  jS ;  T  Ruym.  t^  S  Gui,  «.  r-)M. 
Pm«.  In.  .  r  S««/ P«^to.  f  1 ;  j  L»„<JUy  Parts.  «,, H 
c'i  (N  3  *'  '  *^'   »<"•••»;  a 


fW.>.W    •■..■,n.i.^..^.,|.y,,j,^^.j^.^^^^^^ 


i; 


hi 


S50 


PARTNERSHIP. 


tion,  &r  by  parol  contr«ct,  or  even  by  inere 
ucU.*  Although  ordinary  partiienhip*  may  be 
formed  without  any  written  cnntrpti,  nnd  the 
acts  and  wurds  of  the  potties  ore  ordinhrily  suf- 
ficient for  that  purpoM,  yet,  if  the  object  of  the 
company  he  to  (peculate  in  the  purchase  and 
tale  of  land,  the  posUive  rule*  of  law  and  the 
statute  of  frauds  require  the  partnership  agree- 
ment to  be  in  writing.'  But  this  applies  only 
to  the  contract  between  the  parties,  for  as  to 
third  persons  the  partnership  may  be  proved 
like  any  other."  A  ^^rtnership,  in  general,  i;i 
constituted  between  individuals,  by  an  agree- 
ment to  enter  together,  into  a  general  or  a  par- 
ticular business,  and  share  the  profiu  and  losses 
thereof."  The  criterion  of  a  partnership  it, 
whether  the  oorlies  are  to  participate  in  profit. 
If  the  actual  contract  give  a  claim  upon  the 
profits,  or  the  application  of  them,  that  is  a  part- 
nership." A  participation  in  the  uncertain 
profits  of  trade  renders  one  a  copartner  in  re- 
spect to  the  liabilities  of  the  concern  tf>  third 
piersons.*  But  the  mere  sharing  of  profits,  with- 
out any  connection  whatever  in  the  business,  is 
not  enough  to  eoRititute  a  partnership.'  Thus, 
if  one  firm  agrees  with  another,  that  each  shall 
continue  and  carry  on  its  business  independ- 
ently, but  that  the  profits  and  losses  of  each 
firm  shall  be  divided  between  the  two,  the  two 
firms  do  not  enter  into  partnership,  nor  dc  the 
members  of  one  firm  h^come  partner*  with  the 
members  of  the  other."  There  need  not,  how- 
ever, be  a  community  of  interests  in  the  prop- 
erty, if  there  be  in  the  profits  and  some  con- 
nection in  the  business.*  But  a  setting  apart  a 
portion  of  the  profito  to  pay  the  debt  of  a  third 
person,  does  not  make  htm  a  partner.*  .So,  too, 
a  joint  purchase,  but  for  the  purpo(«  of  distinct 
and  separate  sales  by  each  party  on  hia  own  ac- 
count, does  not  constitute  the  purchasen  part- 
ners.* There  are  but  few  case*  where  a  wnting 
is  necessary.  Under  the  statute  of  frauds, 
where  there  is  an  agreement  that  a  partnership 
shall  commence  at  some  time  more  than  a  year 
from  the  makine  of  the  agreement,  a  writinff  is 
necessary.*  With  respect  to  that  part  of  the 
'  statute  of  frauds  relating  to  lands,  it  has  been 
held  that  a  psurtnenhip  may  be  constitnted  with- 
out writing,*  and  that  if  a  partnership  is  proved 
to  exist  it  may  be  shown  that  iU  proper^  con- 
sists of  laod,  although  there  is  no  signed  OjRiree- 
ment  between  the  parties,*  So  it  han  been  held, 
that  an  agreement  to  form  a  partnenhip  for  the 
purpose  of  having  and  selling  land  tmy  be 
pror-ed  by  parol.*   SInt  this  latter  propointion  is 

«-$)tory  Parts.  |86j   3  Kwt  Ccmm.  fy ;   Oav.  Dist. 
Ct.  3w;    4  Conn.  568 :  7  £.  U  ft  E.  jos:  •  Hub.  Ch. 

B6.  t-3  Sunrner, «« ;  1  Munf.  j>o ;  15  Pena.  177,  ■- 
»»(«,  j«o.  ».i8  Vm.  joo.  W17  Ve«.  «oj  (Snsu.«r'y 
Ed.) andnoM,  p.  404 ;  10  Hill.  ja^T ;  t  t<»trt  (N.  H .) 
its;  14  ^u*.  «4.  «.9  Sandf,  1 ;  15  Conn.  6;;  j  Hill, 
jio;  ^  Ji.  ft  Set.  *4o;  t  B,  ft  C.  401:  4  Eijt,  144 ; 
4  B.  ft  C.  »t:  6  Co&D.  Mii  6  QnaA.  ;«•  6  m. 
...     -  ..  ,^  ^ 

.,—'-'■     --J.--**'!  f9*,      wi-s  i>.4il  \..  *o».      v-W  B<9IV, 
Rolls  44p.    f-l  VdS.  Cb,  rja :  lo  Cu«h,  458.    g-i  Hlu» 


not  generally  conceded.    The  contrary 
trine  iias  the  weight  of  leamtfd  opinion.' 

Persons  may  be  copartners  us  i<i  third  partid 
and  brought  within  all  the  liabilitie*  of  part- 
nership as  to  ehem,  who  are  not  partner*  be- 
tween themselves.'  For  \theiher  they  are 
partners  is  determined  chiefly  by  their  own  in- 
tention !  but  whether  they  are  partnen  In  re- 
sj)ect  to  third  parlies,  is  deterinuied  by  a  eon 
Kideraiion  of  this  intention,  and  also  of  timi 
actual  partici{<ation  of  profits  which  is  held  t.> 
require  them  to  participiite  in  the  losses.  becauHi 
it  diminishes  the  fund  from  which  the  lostsis 
are  to  be  paid  i  and  also  of  the  way  and  de- 
gree in  which  the  person  sought  to  m  chargeil 
as  partner  has  hetn  held  out  to  -he  world  ih 
such,  so  that  the  penon  seeking  to  charge  him 
had  good  reason  to  believe  tne  debt  of  thr 
partnership  carried  wiih  it  his  responsibilily.J 
Though  a  man  really  have  no  interest  in  the 
firm,  yet  if  he  suffer  himself  to  be  held  out  tn 
the  world  as  a  member  of  it,  he  thereby  author 
izes  those  to  who.-n  he  has  been  held  out  tc 
treat  him  as  a  contracting  party.'  To  loake  a 
man  liable  as  nominal  partner,  he  must  havr 
been  held  out  as  such  /o  Iht  phintijf}  A  con- 
tract to  pay  one  employed  in  certain  business  a 
salary  tqual  in  amount  to  a  certain  propot  tion 
of  the  profits,  will  not  make  such  a  person  s 
partner.  The  <]ttestion  of  profits  is  of  impor- 
Unce  only  in  determining  the  amount  of  the 
salary.  Neither  will  a  certain  wtlary,  together 
with  a  certain  per  cent,  u|)on  the  profits,  make 
the  receiver  a  partner."  An  agreement  by 
which  u  person  it  to  receive  a  c»lain  ptt' 
tion  of  tk*  pri^ti  ft>r  his  salary,  doe*  not  con- 
stitute a  putnership,  such  pcrkon  having  no 
special  interest  a  t!ie  prohU  themselves,  as 
profits.*  Kor  do  factors  and  broken  for  a 
commission  on  t'ae  profits,  nor  a  master  of  veatei 
engaging  for  the  snare  of  the  profits,*  become 
portnerf,  and  are  not,  theiefore,  liable  for  the 
debts,  as  a  partner  is,  Jt  is  sometimes  difficuit 
to  (iistinguish  between  partnership  and  tenanty 
in  common.  In  general,  if  the  property  owned 
jointly  is  so  owned  for  the  purpose  of  a  joint 
business,  and  is  so  used,  and  the  profits  result 
ing  firom  a  common  fund,  it  is  jarwershtjj 
property ;  otherwise  not,P 

Though  partn-rehips  are  tiiiually  formed  by 
participation  in  profits  and  losses,  partners  ii^gy 
Tgrec  as  to  any  way  of  dividing  the  ioaies , 
that  a  p&rther  shall  have  his  sh*  a  of  thfl  pr<.- 
fits  and  not  be  liable  f<»r  losses.    And   (hii 

Citt.  Ct.  jap;    Stnrjr  Parfli. 


M 


S40!    ^  P«nn.  St.  30.    J-»»  V( 


rf »..  I  »3  J   J  S«!Bn.  C.  C  «»• 
<-«  S.  k  H,  JJ3 ,  4  tmx,  M4 . 


4  H*rr!r.g 


,_,  .1  HuBiph.  aji.    E«  «o  8,  S  C.  WJ,    |.«o  B.  1 

C.tMx;  I  M.  ft  R.  ta4  S.  C  i»-i3  S.  ft  R.  .37  j  4  K 
t-  ft  2.  67;  X  B«nr.  »jj  ;  «  M««.  tu ;  13  gitri>.  — -  ' 
W,  !»B*.    a-tii  Conn,  ifij ;  >  D«nlo,  ijy ;  8.  C.  3 


a 


»B*.    a-tii  Conn,  ifij ;  >  D«nlo.  ijy ;  8.  C.  3  Cojsut 

iioW«ud   ?o;   4S»ndir.  3Jt;    1  Fo«(»<N,  H.JMi 

G/e«n«,  «'/4 ;  jo  Tcxu,  1193 ;  »  Mi  s ;    j  9.\iA  \, 

sS|n>bb,4n:  «Ai*,  »/s;   jteSgh.  iij;  jC  B. 

jil*n.  &  Joiuis   ><>«;    ft  Coon.  354,    «-jj  Mju*. 

*  «*Ul,  «!♦;  »5  W«td.  3K.,    »4  J?i«k.  jp*  i    ws  Vl 
-,,    It  Ohi<?,  -8*4;    BO  Al»    HI*;    j  MsuusB,  138;   < 


'''^HgBifi 


'mmmmmgigtmHltm* 


mmmmm 


mmmmm 


PARTNERSHIP. 


sy 


«d.  The  conlrm 
f  leainvd  opinion.* 
artnerK  ih  i>i  third  partiti 
II  the  liabiiitiei  of  put 
he  tre  not  ptrtnen  be- 
For  whether  they  are 
chiefly  by  their  own  in- 
they  are  Mrtnen  in  re- 
is  deleninned  hy  «  con 
ention,  and  olso  of  that 
r  profits  which  it  held  t,i 
[xite  in  the  louet,  becnuHi- 
1  from  which  the  Iohsis 
alio  of  the  way  and  lU  ■ 
ion  sought  to  lie  charaeil 
leld  out  to  *he  world  as 
n  seeking  to  charge  him 
believe  the  debt  of  \h^ 
iih  It  his  responsibililv.4 
have  no  interest  in  ihi- 
intself  to  be  held  out  to 
r  of  it,  he  thereby  author 
e  has  been  held  out  tc 
ling  party.*  To  Make  n 
I  partner,  he  must  have 
to  tht plaintijfy  A  con- 
yed  in  certain  business  n 
/  to  a  certain  propoiiion 
make  such  a  persou  » 
n  of  profita  is  of  impor- 
ning  the  amount  of  the 
1  certain  Nitinry,  together 
t.  u|>on  the  profits,  make 
ir."  An  agreement  by 
I  receive  a  cttMn  p»r- 
bis  salary,  does  not  con- 
such  pcrhon  having  no 
!  prohts  themselvca,  as 
tors  and  brokers  for  a 
its,  nor  a  master  of  vessel 
\  of  the  profits,*  become 
tbeiefore,  liable  for  the 
\t  is  sometimes  ditficuit 
partnership  and  tenancy 
u,  if  the  property  owneil 
the  purpose  oi  a  joint . 
d,  ana  the  profits  result 
fund,  (t  it  laftnershtp 

s  are  utualiy  fomed  by 
and  losseit,  prtners  w^ny 
of  dividing  the  iouieis; 
ve  his  ah#  i  of  thfl  prv;- 
\  for  Icmes.    And  dstt 

h.  I  «3 1  J  Swnn.  C.  C  45?~ 
•«S.  «  B  333.  *  •£«»».  114, 
.  jas'Vi.jti,  4  Hwriri- 
Eii  to  8.  %  C.  «o,    l-toB.  « 


•  .«.»      ■•••,*aru«i     UMl      lU      (lie      1 

,  #r  nom  bis  uarticipation  in  the  busi- 
d  iti  profit  or  loan.     If  these  two  cases 


flgrcement  Is  valid  as  between  thcmnelven. 
Ani  this  agreement  will  be  etjuclly  efficacious, 
whether  stated  in  articles,  or  proved  by  circum- 
siances,  or  otherwise.  For  partners  among 
themsdiva  may  make  whatever  bargain  they 
choose.  But  no  such  agreement  will  prevent 
such  i^rtner  from  being  liable  for  the  debts  of 
the  partnership,  unless  the  creditor  knew  of 
ihi«  bargain  between  the  partners,  and  with 
thin  knowledge  gave  the  eredit  to  the  other 
(uirtners  only.' 

The  liabilitir  of  a  partner  springs  titktr  from 
his  holding  himself  out  to  the  world  as 
(•artner,  #r  nom  h ' 
iiess  and  iti  profit 

meet,  ai  is  usually  the  case,  they  strengthen 
caeli  other;  but  either  of  them  abne  is.  in 
general,  sufficient  to  create  this  liability.* 
I'here  is  no  liability  as  a  partner,  whore  there 
14  (leither  a  participation  in  the  profits,  nor  any 
••iich  use  of  the  defendant's  name  permitted  by 
him  at  justifies  the  piaintifT  in  selling  to  others 
nn  his  credit,  although  there  may  be  in  some 
VAy  or  measure  a  community  of  interest.' 

f^eof  a/  tiditme*.      Whtlher  a  partner. 
hip  exists  or  not  in  a  particular  case  is  not  a 
inrre  question  of  fact,  but  one  of  mixed  law 
nml  fact.     It  ii,  nevertheless,  generally  to  be 
decided  by  a  jury.*    The  existence  of  a  part- 
nership muf  be  proved  by  shewing— i.    A 
liHtinct  agreement  for  a  partnersnip ;  or,  a.  An 
irreement  to  sh.-\re  profit  and  lost}  cither  of 
ihc^e  will  be  conclusive-,  or,  3.  An  agreement 
1"  share  profits— which  will  be  stix»ng  evidence 
"f  !i  putnwihip:  or,  4.  Circumstances  saf- 
haent  to  esubllsh  a  f*«rf.partner»hip  which, 
'■eing  proved,  Is  held  to  be  /nitma  jhcit  evi- 
lence  of  a  real  partnership. 

Where  thert  is  no  wntten  agreement,  ths 
fvidenct  general^  relied  upon  to  prove  a  part- 
iieiNhip  is  the  conduct  of  the  parties,  the  mode 
111  which  they  hvfts  dealt  with  each  other,  and 
ihi  mode  in  wWch  each  has,  with  ;he 
knowledjre  of  the  otlwrs,  deuJt  with  oUwr  per- 
1 1»,  thU  can  be  shown  by  the  books  of  ac- 
count, by  the  tesUmony  of  cferks,  agents,  and 
ther  pofsont.  by  \m*m  mi  admiasiona,  and, 
11  short,  by  any  of  the  modes  a  which  facts 
'  >u  hi..  estAblished,* 

aigsoLJTJOM.    A  pwtnenbip  -nay  be  dis- 
'  lived  in  either  of  the  following  srodes  1 
BytkfMtitf  tkiparHea,  as  by  their  mutual 

i;  i 

8 

*  iT'  "^iJ^  Conn.  »4»:    »  Him.  h 

n"^  *^'n»  fro®  w  J*>'»«  miUiiw  if  toJteleon,  »««  m> 

Bm»  RJJ",  jl;    J  C„fi3K  M.  X  a,  «» ;    J  VL^  Ck. 

^SKlfc^'S^ a«»».u>»w*^  s« .  feu»  Ch. -.^1 : 
i™'*?-,-.'^:.'-}  ■"* !    I  *«i*8  Pari.  Ca».  «4S..   5 la, 


rrNottlfclNCConi. 

I  C._m:  i  Oinm,  j«<,ls  iha.  S4«:  <»C  S.  «s7, 


\iv;   I  Swrk,  #1; 


i-ii  »*»,  -i^mm.  s«j«;  J  K««t  Cavm.  »,  j   f  Cow. 


li'fi*.  w.  .i4s^    -v^Sct*. 


:«if-^l2^'^^i^K£^ 


consent.*  And  where  Bo  specified  period  in 
limited  for  the  continuance  of  the  partnership, 
either  parly  mty  dissolve  it  at  hts  pleasure.'  If 
the  partnership  be  for  a  time  certain,  one  part- 
ner may  maintain  an  action  ngainst  the  other 
for  a  breach  of  the  articles  in  dissolving  liefore 
the  period  therein  limtled.  And  the  action 
may  be  brought  before  the  expiration  of  the 
time  for  which  the  partnership  was  limited. 
I  he  damages  would  be  the  profits  which  would 
havi  accroed  to  the  plainliff  from  the  con- 
tinuation of  the  business."  When  a  partner 
I  shin  is  not  to  endure  for  a  time  certain  by  the 
articles  of  co{>artner»hip,  or  where  that  time 
has  expired,  it  may  undoubtedly  be  dissolved 
at  the  pleasure  of  either  partner.*  But  notice 
shou  d  be  given  to  the  other  partner.r  This 
should  be  a  reasonable  notibe  where  the  articles 
are  toully  silent  upon  the  subject,  and  wher' 
without  such  notice,  injury  would' be  inflicted! 
or  fraud  indicated.*  The  duration  may  be 
gathered  from  the  terms  of  'he  articles,  al- 
though not  expressly  provided  for.*  As  against 
third  personi  a  partner  may  withdraw  from  the 
partnership  at  wiii.^ 

Bv  lA*  aet  of  Goi.,  as  by  thj  death  of  one 
of  the  partners;   and  this  operates  from  the 
time  of  the  death.*    In  such  case  the  dissolu 
tion  Ukes  place  from  the  time  of  the  death, 
however  numerous  the  association,  and  this  not 
only  to  the  deceased  partner,  but  also  as  to  all 
the  survivors.*    And  the  same  mle  applies  to 
a  silent  partner,*  unless  there  be  an  exptess 
stipulation  to  the  contrary.'    Although  death 
of  a  partner  operates  a  dissolution  of  the  part- 
nership, the   articles  of  copartnership  may  pro- 
vide for  Its  continuance,  by  an  agreement  that 
the  executors,  administrators,  heire,  or  other 
designated  persons,  shall  take  the  place  of  the 
ier-iaed  partner.*    And  such  express  agree- 
me-  ■  for  th-!  contipuance  of  the  partnership 
mit  the  dessii  ef  oat;  partner  is  neces,sary  ai- 
lisoash  the  partuereLip  is  for  a  term  of  years.* 
Absolute  insanity,  or  any    q«ivalent  disabiliry, 
opiates  at  once,  and  ipso  fatto,  a  dissolution.' 
BySAtattef  tht  law,  as  by  the  bankruptcy 
of  one  cf  the  partnere.i    Bankruptcy  of  the 
Km, -or  of  one  f«rtncr,  operates  an  immediate 
jjssolution  *     An  act  of  bankruptcy  docs   not 
dissolve  the  .Mulnersliip  imstanUr.     The-  adjn- 
dic4ti(m  that  he  is  a  bankrupt  is  what  severs 

JTM  Rww.  i-«c ;  16  Vm.  50.  M-s  Ark.  *8o.  «,..  \w. 
tin.  jjVm.mts  iSwwist.  480;  jyPlclc.  513;   18  Vs. 

Vf  '•  /m2  f •'^"-  .5-  .!*♦  •  i  ^^^'^-  »«4 ;  »  Knw.  «&. ;  J 

S9#;  aJtty  Ojatr  E^.  ttL  ,«5.  note/  ».,,  bfckf 
S**  r-3  Msikl,  Ch.  js! ;  iHow,  («y.  V.I  8wamt 
^i'  ."=  k  i  l^  •  "  ^""l  ^-  "  19  Vet.  500 :    3  Dowi;- 

!»• ,    M  ad,  &  Y.  $7S.     iS^ty  P«no.  )  Ml :    t  M.  k 

K    iss:  Js  Jnhiw.  w;  >a  N.  M.  <£.  ;  i  Vei.fc  E,  w, 

(n>m.Vm.  iff.     J.4  Bwr.  «,7j^^.    Cowp.  448;   6V«" 


Ch.  j»6:    5  M.  &  ' 


-.J.—-,  fc-Cuwp.  448;    . 

J.t  Id  9i8:  «i  M.  j;    I-  U, 


^ :  1  Doig.  '.Uiidi.)  »v6 
Ssorw  Van.  |  ^1^ 


Swmtt. 
Cdl  Part.  B.  X,  Ch.a.|5. 


H^gjl 


»s» 


PARTNERSHIP. 


the  uarlncnhip.i  Iniotvency  under  the  liutute 
would  have  the  (ante  effect."  And  bankruptcy 
(leiitroyt  the  right  of  a  (rartner  to  bind  the  Arm 
tiy  an  acknowled^pne.it  of  debt.*  But  either  of 
the  solvent  and  competent  partners  may  collect, 
adjust,  and  receipt  fur  |.iartnenhip  accounts.* 

Hy  a  valid  astignmtnl  uf  all  tlui  ptrtnerthip 
effects  fur  the  benefit  of  creditun,  either  under 
inwivent  acts*  or  othcrwiite,^  and  by  a  sale  of 
p.irtnership  effects  under  a  separate  execution 
agniniit  one  partner.'  Uut  the  mere  insolvency 
of  one  or  all  the  members  of  a  partnership 
does  not  itself  operate  a  dissolution.* 

By  tkt  assignmtnt  of  tk*  vthol*  of  on*  purt- 
Htr'i  inUrtst  either  to  hit  copartner  or  to  a 
stranger.'  Where  it  doe*  not  appear  that  the 
assignee  act*  in  the  concern  after  the  aiaign- 
ment.*  Where  it  wm  held  that  this  would  not 
ipto  facto  work  a  dissolution.  Any  a»*ign- 
meQt  of  a  copartner'*  interest  in  the  partner- 
ship's funds  operates,  ipm  facto,  a  dissolution. 
So,  the  assignment  of  the  whole  of  a  copart- 
ner's interest.*  And  an  assignment  by  one 
partner  of  his  share  of  the  futurs  profiu  to  an- 
other partner  is  a  dissolution  of  the  partner- 
ship, because  the  essence  of  that  is  a  participa- 
tion of  the  profits.* 

By  tkt  award  of  arbitratort  appointed  under 
a  clause  in  the  partnership  article*  to  that  effect.' 

By  tk*  civil  dealk  of  on*  of  Ik*  partners  ;' 
\iMt  the  absconding  of  a  party  from  the  State 
doe*  not  of  itself  operate  a  dissolution.* 

By  tk*  extinction  of  tk*  m6j*(t-matt*r  of 
the  joint  business  or  undertaking,*  and  by  the 
Completion  of  the  business  or  adventure  for 
whkh  tf^e  p»sitir-,';  i'p  waa  formed.* 

By  la*  t/ffmf'iMt^  if  :\iC  fitriod  for  which 
a  panr.:jr«?  '■>  lia;  «  i-erun.  tim«  was  formed.* 
If  the  p»  uiei,  •»'?  be  co  Unuei,  by  express  or 
tacit  const,.,;  '  n,  -  that  p«rto<i,  »k  Will  be  pre- 
sumed to  COR'  >  \<  o«  'Jem  old  term*,*  bat  a*  a 
partnership  at  >■'•., 

By  tk*  ir*aking  out  of  a  war  two  State*  in 
which  the  partners  are  domiciled  and  carrying 
on  trade.* 

A  partntrsk^  for  a  t*rm  may  6*  diuofved 

■  k*fore  tk*  *xpirati(m  of  tk*  term,  by  the  decree 

of  a  court  of  equity  founded  on  the   wilful 

fraud  or  other  groM  miiconduct  of  one  of  the 


1-Coll.  Tartn.  }  iti ;  sVct.  t95  ; 
■S-i  Bland.  418;   a  AsRm. 


Story  Partii.  f  JI4. 
'oii(.  (Mich.) 


Story] 

l-a  Do 


«o«.    •■Cowp.  44;:  sM.  &M  336;  II  III.'m:  It  Id 
w  P(   "     " 


198.    |»-C<>Uy«r  Partn.  {  iit. 

ysr.Pann.  {i»;  Cowp.  445:  a 

3  keni  Conn.  39.     m-tt  Pick. 
*;   t  Ashn.  305;    Poth.  PcrtnT  «.  148.     t-CoUysr 
'artn.  I « »o,  note ;  3  Kent  Comm.  99 ;    Story  P»rtn.  "" 


•-41  Me.  373.    rColl- 

4S;  «  "«.  &  B.  Ch.  Ir.  300; 

Pick.  89;   see  I  filan.J  Ch. 


1o(;  t  Ashn.  305;   Pot) 
'artn,  1 1 10,  note ;  a  Kent  Comm.  99 ;    Story  P»rtn:  M 
y^>  y*i.»  ?•  *  Ad.  17s  :  17  John*.  5»r ;  j  Freem.  CS. 


•31 ;  S  W.  ft  S.  tfti.  a-17  Johns.  5«5 :  «  Wend.  44a , 
'  %?? •  •»>;  ■  *•»«"«•  381 ;  «  Dev.  Eq.  481 ;  ImiI  m« 
uPfck.  3n.  T-13  Penn.  St.  67;  i  Blalcb.  488;  /j 
Jonn».  5»«;  1  FrMm.  Ch.  (Miu.)  an  ;  5  Dana,  »ij ;  8 
W.&S.aea;  l4Pick. 3»;  CollyerPam>  |i>a:aDev. 
Eq.481:  17V1  «ap.  W-4B  &Ad.  I7<.  m-SeeBlH- 
tet  ftirtn  87:  I  W.  Bl.  475 ;  4  B.  4  Ad.  17a.  y-Coll- 
yer  Pann.  1 114 ;  Path  Fartn.  «.  147,  m^^  PJik.  B^ ; 
kcc  btory  ftfta.  laga.  a-ie  Johns.  401,  4aa,-  Poth. 
Paitn  00.3,140-143 !  CollyerParin.  ;iig.  b  Poth 
Parto.  n.  143  :  Story  Pann.  »  s8o.  e-Col!yer  Parin  I 
119;  Path.  Pana.  M.  139.  rt-ijS.  &  R.  i«<;  Chiuy 
ilautr.(Ed.  i(fe}a8s.  ••lejohu.  438;  3  Kent  Comm 
K«;   StutyPartn.il  SIS,  316;    3  Bkuid  ^4     r-C»l!r«r 


partner*;'  «o  on  his  gross  carelessnesa  ami 
waste  in  the  administration  of  the  partnership, 
and  hilt  eicliuion  of  the  other  partners  from 
their  just  share  of  the  management  ;•  10  on  Ihr 
existence  of  a  violent  and  lasting  dissension 
between  the  partners,^  where  these  are  of  such 
a  character  as  to  prevent  the  liusiness  from 
being  conducted  upon  the  stipulated  termt.' 
and  to  destroy  the  mutual  confidence  of  llir 
partner*  in  each  other.)  But  a  partner  cannoi, 
by  misconducting  himielf  and  rendering  it 
impossible  for  his  copartner*  to  act  in  harmony 
with  him,  obtain  a  disaoluliun  on  the  ground 
of  impoasibility  «o  created  by  hii^iserf.^  .\ 
partnership  mav  be  dissolved  by  decree  when 
Its  bu»incss  is  in  a  hopeless  state,  Its  continu- 
ance impracticable,  and  itt  property  liable  to 
be  wasted  and  lost.' 

The  confirmed  lunacy  of  an  active  partner  is 
sufficient  to  induce  a  court  of  equity  to  decree 
a  dissolution,  not  only  for  the  purpose  of  pro 
tecting  the  lunatic,  but  also  to  relieve  his  co- 
partners from  the  difficult  position  in  which  the 
lunacy  phvce*  them.*'  The  same  may  be  said 
of  every  other  tnveterate  infirmity,  such  as 
palsv,  or  (he  like,  which  has  seised  upon  one 
of  the  partner*,  and  rendered  him  incompetent 
to  act  where  hi*  pertonal  labor  and  skill  were 
contracted  for." 

But  lunacy  does  not  itself  dissolve  the  firm, 
nor  do  other  infirmities.*  Ths  c«uri  do«*  not 
decree  a  dissolution  on  the  grownd  cf  lunacy, 
except  upon  clear  evivience  that  the  inalaidy 
cxiKts,  and  is  incurable."  A  temporary  illn<.^<i 
is  not  Mifilicient.*  A  di««o!*4tion  by  the  cuari, 
o'l  the  ground  of  Insanity,  date*  from  the  d« 
r/ee,  and  not  from  a  prioi  <ky,' 

Dissolution  witk  mftci  to  TTkird  Penmu. 
1  he  partnership  as  to  third  persons,  that  t»,  the 
liability  of  partners  with  re*p«ct  to  third  per 
»ons,  cannot  be  di.siiolvcd  without  notice  to 
them  that  the  partnership  no  longer  v%m\. 
Actual  notice  must  be  brought  home  to  pentonn 
who  have  been  m  the  habit  of  deahng  with 
I  lie  firm;  but  u  to  all  persons  who  have 
li:id  no  previous  dealing*  with  the  firm,  itotice 
t.iirly  given  in  the  public  ncrwipapeni  \% 
deeme<r  sufficient.*     'this    notice    is    nece* 

Partn.  {ag«;  Ctiflty  Contr.  (E#.  iWbt  r%}:  4  Bwv 
Roll*,  so*;  mid.  ^;  «  V«s,  ft  B.  On  Ir:  190  s- 
Collyw  Partn,  *a!»7;  a  j«-  aW.Cn.wa;  ttiTiioe's 
Aril.  178,  a  Aihm.  300,  3i«> :  »Vr».  O),  74.  Js-i  Jar 
man  Conv.  ti;  Cow.  Part».  (-yk  Ed,)  »s7  .  1  !<»>*,  jj? 
CoUytr  Paitn.  {  »9t  ■  te«  4  STan.  Ch  u  ;  Story  V*ku 
l»88;  aBcav.  Solfa,  saj;  14  Ohio,  jj5  |.j  Km! 
Comm. 00, «i ,  Cofiyer  PaKn.l mf}.  J-B«ey.  Kotia  -^ , 
ai  Id.  48e:  iLiodltty  Pann,  11V4,  ilS«  fe-as  Blejiv  RsjUs 
«Ji«4;  3H»rt!Ch3«7  I  <:<>%» f  Partn  t  *,« ;  3 
Kent  Canm  «o ;  t  Cox,  »»« ;  s  V»ii.  &  16  Ch  li .  apu  . 
16  Johns.  49t ;  Go*  PaHB.  (3<f  E«S.  1  «»<;.  tut ;  j  Lind 
ley  Pann.  180,  t8< ;  3  K«y  «  J  j8.  ij  :^im  C>i  «s 
m-S«e  i  Co*  Cfe.  J07;  i  Sw»o»«,  J14,  !H)!«  »  Myfrw 
?;  K,  tas  •  «  Bim<r.  .RoiU,  M4 :  t  0«  CWa  **.  h  >',.,  ij! 
J  Kay  &  J.  441 ;  CoUy«r  Partjj  4  saa,  1  Kcni  t  ttaax 
53;  UfataoB  Krtr,  jJtj  3  Ywwut*  *  C.  .«4  ,   »i.~-«i 

toHyM 
Parti  ■ 
&C. 


.  PaA 


)9t.*>««ft.  "Pano.  e   >S3~   3  Kent  Cowi.;.  ,•> 
^  995,    w.^  Kenf  Cfwni    jS.    »■«. 


Pa«tn  iimil  Jw  3S* ;  Sits**  Pavtji.  Sj.   ■^'■lyojott 


&  J    <4«.     ^-j    Vc^.^t*   Ch    K 
ty  P»r«n   .«».  tlj.     Vn  ViA.  f7» 
t-oli.  •ij^:  5  K.«./  jti:     -      -  *- 
y«i  Partn.  M  sja-j^j. 


.SaaCh 


grot*  carelcMncM  and 
ition  of  the  p«rtncnhip, 
the  other  partnen  from 
nanigement i*  won  ihi' 

and  laMing  dltucniiioii 
where  these  are  of  juch 
ivent  the  liu«lnew  from 
1  the  stipulated  term-i,' 
ulual  confidence  of  tlir 
I  But  a  oartner  cannot, 
nielf  and  rendering  it 
rtners  to  act  in  harmuny 
ioiution  on  the  ground 
rrated  by  himMrf.'  A 
ttolved  by  decree  when 
pclcM  Mate,  it»  coniimi- 
id  itt  property  liable  to 

ly  of  an  active  partner  in 
ouil  of  equity  to  decree 
for  the  puipoae  of  prii- 

el»o  to  relieve  hit  co- 
Lilt  position  in  which  the 

The  tame  may  be  said 
rate  infimiily.  (uch  as 
:h  hai  acized  upon  one 
iidered  him  incompeitnt 
tal  labor  and  tkill  were 

itteir  diiaolve  the  firm, 
!-•    The  court  do«  not 

the  f^rownd  cf  lunacy, 
i)«nce  that  the  waMy 
.''  A  tempnrAiy  iili»<=<is 
UaoSution  oy  the  »,x>«irt, 
ikity,  t!at««  hrom  tb«  dt- 
ior  day.' 

'sftci  to  "nird  Ptrttm. 
bird  penoni,  that  m,  the 
Ih  re«p«ct  to  third  pcr- 
Ived  without  notice  to 
^hip  no  longer  tulws. 
)r')U«ht  home  to  pcnions 

habit  of  deal.ng  witk 
all  penons  who  have 
g«  wnh  the  f<mt,  notice 
public  nrw«paper«  \t 
tixu   notice    at    Rec«» 

r.  (M,  iiSSo)  »»j;  *  B«a* 
V«».  ft  B.  CJv   fr.  too      u- 

t;    31  V'M,  Cn,  74.    h-i  ,(»r 

.  (id  I^,)  «eji ,  ir  \tm%,  jj» 
Sim.  trh  n  ;    Siory  ftir«» 

«4  Ohio,  J15      J.;}  Keiti 

>l4,  >''3     ]&->!  Sil«»v   $!«!!« 
l-CcOyff  P«r»n  #  *»•  ;    3 

»;eV^.  SB  Ch  l/upo. 
.  f  j<J  K4.>  s»fi,  ftw ;  !  Und 

i;  I  DoO 


»  Myfmr 


>»  M.  _.. 
«r*»  I  sjp ,  J  KeiM 

*  »S3 .  3  iSans  Coior,  * ■  ■ 

•  «>.  tlr_     !(■.«  Vjjii.  sjn  i  s 

i.tadt.>MUi  ti[|.   fr-CaR- 


PARTNERSHIP. 


5SJ 


lary  to  terminntt  the  agency  of  each  part- 
nur,  and,  uonaequently,  hit  power  to  bind  the 
linn.' 

It  ii  not  necesHnry  to  give  notice  of  the  re- 
tirement of  a  ilornfant  partner  from  the  firm, 
if  the  fact  of  hi»  beiii)/  a  partner  be  unknown 
to  all  the  creditor*  of  tlie  hrni ;  if  it  be  known 
to  some,  notice  to  ihote  mutt  be  given,  but 
ihut  will  be  tufficient.* 

Notice  of  the  distolution  it  not  necessary  in 
case  of  the  death  of  one  of  the  partner),  to  free 
the  estate  of  the  deceased  partner  from  further 
liability;'  nor  is  notice,  in  fact,  necessary  in 
any  ca.se  where  the  dissolution  takes  place  by 
operation  of  law.* 

EcrECT  or  DissoLimoN.  The  effect  of 
dissolution  as  between  partners  is  to  terminate 
all  transactions  between  them  as  partners,  ex- 
cept for  the'  purpose  of  taking  a  genenil 
iccount,  and  winding  up  the  concern."  At  to 
lliird  persons,  the  effect  of  a  dissolution  it  to 
•ihsolve  the  partners  from  all  liability  for  future 
truiisactioas,  but  not  fur  pjsl  transactions  of  the 
firm.'  Distoluticn,  however  it  takes  place, 
terminates  altogfihei  the  power  of  a  partner  to 
carry  an  the  buHiness  concerns  of  the  partner- 
ship, in  a  way  to  bind  former  partners  by  any 
contract  whatever.  The  former  partners  are 
p.-.rtners  no  lonj{or,  but  tenants  in  common ; 
nntJ  where  there  is  no  agreement-  to  the  con 
Irary,  each  partner,  after  dissolution,  possesses 
ihe  same  authority  to  adjust  the  affairs  of  the 
firm,  by  collecting  its  debts,  and  dis()o«ing  of 
its  property,  an  before  diiisolution ;  but  they 
can  no  longer  bind  each  other,  even  by  vary- 
mg  the  form  of  existing  obligation*.*  No 
partner  can  indorse  «  note  of  the  firm,  even  to 
psv  a  prior  debt  of  the  firm.*  When  a  part.ier 
'i*^.  ihe  pannershij>  property  goes  to  the  sur- 
nv.>t»  for  the  (impose  of  settlement,  and  the> 
all  have  the  power  necesitary  for  that  purpose, 
and  no  more.*  Anil  the  survivot*  can  charge 
notliiiif  for  their  triiuble  or  labor  In  settling  f.be 
cjncem.*  Noi  it  a  pti'tner  entitled  to  eom- 
wu  uUion  ibf  extra  service*  in  the  ahaenc«  i)f 
nn  exjxt'Bt  contra^:!,  and  there  \%  no  prnciple 
of  tb«  law  which  authorizes  an  inquiry  into  the 
inctjuality  af  the  services  oif  partnetn,  unless 

t-i    Ua'Mky  Vvnn,.  a««,  334;    i  Youofs  A  J.  «iif ; 
1  3t»rk.  xt^ ,    J  Pric«,  «o« ,    <  Cunipb.  4U11 ;  10  East! 


tliire  he  an  express  stipulation  to  that  effect.' 
I'hey  are  tenants  in  common  with  the  reprc- 
nenlaiive*  of  the  deceased,  as  to  the  chotcs  in 
possession ;  and  they  have  a  lien  on  them  to 
kettle  the  afTairs  of  the  concern,  and  pay  itt 
debts.*  Proper  notice  should  l>e  given  of  a 
dissolution,  for  a  firm  may  lie  bound  by  a  con- 
tract made  after  the  dissolution,  or  retirement 
of  one  or  more,  by  a  former  partner,  in  the 
usual  course  of  business,  with  a  person  who 
had  no  notice  or  knowledge  of  the  dissolu- 
tion.' 

The  power  of  the  partners  sulxitsts  for  many 
purposes  after  dis-  olution  ;  among  these  are :« 

I.  The  completion  of  all  the  unfinished  en- 
gagement* of  tne  partnership. 

a.  The  conversion  of  all  the  property,  means, 
and  assets  of  the  partnership  existing  at  the 
time  of  the  dissolution,  fur  the  benefit  of  those 
who  were  partners,  according  to  their  respective 
sham. 

3.  The  application  of  partnership  funds  to 
the  payment  of  the  partnership  debts. 

But  although,  for  the  purposes  of  winding 
up  the  concern,  and  fulfilling  eng;i);cments 
that  could  not  be  fulfilled  during  its  existence, 
the  power  of  partners'  subsist*  even  «jter  dis- 
solution, yet,  legally,  and  strictly  «peaktng,  it 
subsists  for  those  piirpr>ses  only.^ 

Rights  or  CaKDiroRS  CoNCEiiNiNr!  Part- 
KCRSHiP  Fvvm.  The  propcity  of  a  partner- 
ship it  boniid  to  the  payment  of  the  partnership 
debts,  sind  the  right  of  a  private  creditor  of  onu 
copartner  to  that  pcirtiier's  interest  in  the  prop- 
erly of  the  firm,  is  post!>oned  to  the  right  of  tho 
nartnei^hip  creditor.*  Wb«re  s.i  atiuchnienf 
bv  mesne  proceta  existr,  »uch  «.tf«chmcnt  is 
ailowdd;  but  it  U  g«ncr*l3y  made  subject  to 
the  paramount  riahU  of  the  partnership  cred- 
i^orsJ  It  is  weU  settled  that  if  partnership 
tffcctj  can  be  taken  by  altacl.rAenl  or  on  execu- 
tion to  secure  or  satisfy  the  debts  of  one  of  the 
partncni,  this  can  be  »ton«!  only  to  the  extent  of 
that  partner**  interest,  and  subject  to  the  set- 
tlement .^f  all  partnership  account*.*  The  jren- 
eral  rule  of  law  Is,  that  In  levyivig  in  execution 
against  on':  partner  frit  his  separate  debt,  the 
officer  ir,i^^  suk*  |>iM«c8«ion  of  all  the  joint 

Sj'Wy  f«T»,  i  J**;  Chl«y  CoitjT    (td.  llKio)  tU;  t 
,,.,„,.  .  .  .    >C»n«  C«»mm.  S7;  Ji  Pick.  «(".    If-Collyer  Pavt;;, ;  i><,- 

t»rf.  k  K  A,     ,  Mer.  tMsM.  >  19  •    i  B.  *  A<f  j, ;       l^p.  ro*;  .  M.  *  V  4«..  4,^.     .VH«re  Ch   4,3  :%'DJ 
^Id.  im;    1  B,  Man.  170;    Chldy  ronw,  (Ed.   ilfiuj       ■-— "    A  ><    .         «,,.  .v  :•  .  ,  sjj  •  *     * 


i  M.  IMS     1 

.167,  atirc!  note ;  >  Cnw.  «14 ;  i  Linilley  Piytt&,  jaft.  * 
C.'ollyar  Parm.  {  no;  S?<;^  yarln.  {(^  »«,  jj6,  341  ■  j 
KfntConiia,  «j;  $  Mer  Ch,  814.  17  Pitsk.  j,,;  fiUiej 
p-nn.  loj,  .<u.  w  Coi'/ei  .Piirtjv.  }  jji ;  3  Ktvt  Comm. 
«-^,  *7;  n  Johw.  5j:  i«  Id.  494^.  jc-i  P«no  St  »j« 
!  K-.m  C>mm.  6».  ti  trf.  jr-Collymr  Pattn.  J  i»-. 
"-isiry  Ptitm.  Ck.  s.s :  j  K«nr  Comm.  6»,  tt  *«»..■  9  Cmh. 

; :  Po<h.  Pai^.  «•   i  ss :  i  M'Cont,  jjS ;  4  Mimf,  j,, ; 

\l«.  C.  C.  ■!«.  tisi'pw,  ifo:  4  lukne  *«4:  6  Cow. 
n  ;  41  M«.  376.  M.«3  Vt.  .nt:  Ii.  5«»  .  .14  N.  V.  fio 
-mithjSTu,  *.sGi.  iftft;  »5  Ak.  4M  J3  N.  H,  jj«; 
.  Uish.  <4&.  >>  Id.  3U.  IM  V«»,  tn,  1*4:  II  Id.  i: 
.,S  H.  •!«;  <6  W.  48.  5r  ^  M.  &**!.  3s6;  31  K.  L.  * 
Ii  Jai!  3  HftTT.  «  1.  49$  ;  SCiwwo,  441  .  i«  PIcis  na; 
!  B«S>.  £4,  (H.  C.U77:  <  W»-  '■<•*.'  S.  *  %  jo«':  ,«5 
i•^■  30 ,:  WW.  fm.    •■m  f^rxa,  St  5»*;  t  Kmra.  >yf 

tj  '/<««*.«»  m-K*   •^  '^"«-  "9   !'  Id.  5.  r-t* 

B.  U«a.  VfSit  mmm%,  uSsl  >  O  Ora»M,  \M,  13  Mo. 
sis.  14  Pmm.  9^-  464;  IX  Bash.  ^    rt  Ctwa.  1,    m. 


Whether  »  (,i««o(iiiton  of  »  iMirtiMr- 
irMch  nf  k  conlrui  by  the  firm  to  em- 


uhtf  k/rt-  .  _  __,.,- 

pi'iy  B  (vHSon  tn  lh«lr  >crvice  U  qtMstf.inabi*  ;  3  Hiirljt 
ft  S.  Ml.  I-Si  Ha».  414:6  Mmo-  »43 :  j  Ht  H.  190 :  4 
Cobb.  1.^;  9  Oreenl.  k?  ;  to  Me.  19;  13AU.  (K.  S) 
"(» :  ?S Conn  KM  •  «  B.  Mm  »sg;  7  Id  no;  3  Md.  1 , 
iS  ^(,-1.  t8t,  -o  Pmn.  St.  j<S;  i  r<*Mer,  46* .  k,  Vi 
*».  >  Barb.  Ch.4*-  «J  AU.  jtj;  7  Humph.  )o«;  1 
Bark.  Ch  46,  jo;  *;  Vt.  ik>.  K  Id,  *9a:  19  Id  »7l:  liT 
99a;  4fi  Me  »jt>.  J-«  Mus  «4i;  "  t<l.  t48:  16  Pick 
,sy»  ;  in  Id.  4*3.  «4  Id.  .>«>;  9  Gr«enl  ag;  i  Fnlrf.  4j«; 
.-  Me.  «9i  5  N  H.  joo;  j  Show.  169;  1  S»)lc,  jm;  s 
Cooyn».  »rr:  ;  N,  H,  »j»;  JO  Id.  77:  >*  Id.  t%  4 
Conn,  s^B ;  if  Vt  Hft ;  ,6  Johns.  101 :  «  !»)>».  Cji 
,*»;  »iC«l  fti6  h-Coww.  44$,  8>oui.«jo;  .iVte. 
^?;,Ti  '  ^*?,-  -f"^  *•*=  * '^  «*:  •5vl».,r,7;  1/^5, 

*  .T  *t!  »'!  ^"*'  '5!'=  ■»  GntcSTja.  I  F«>.»^i.  ,V 

J  |4I«.(N.  E.)iaQ;  Sto»yP»,:n.  ft««,  CM)  P»«5.,  i 
»»»,  «. ;  I  Wwrf.  jii ;  J  K.  H.  :»» .  5  Bluckf.  jjf* 
Pnot/.J. 


i'iW««Wi»»l»<»».- 


fr'ARTNeRMhir. 


pwtaanliin  gutid^*  t««n  tn  lh«  cm*  of  •  pur- 

tictllM   aifvcnliir*,*     This  principl*   A<m*   no« 

Mitnd  to  ih«  cue  •>(  •  jotni  torrhM*  or  lub 

[Nirch*>*  '     Th«  rtu»il  of  «  |      iii«r  to  dli(w«t 

of  tht  iimi-^ily  "f  Im  fif'"'  •»ten<l«  »<>  wwifit 

menl*  of  ii  »«  ■  -'s 

will  at  far  (IvSi 

nccouni  of  the  hi 

for  lh<  iHcnelU  of  iin« 

of  all  itic  joint  cri-Uii 

lo  Ml  aqual  |mri 

tUil  oi«e  |)«nn«i   !iii> 

knowlrcluc  nf  ht»  co| 

goodn  of  the  firm  lo 

ilor  of  lh«  ftrro,'    T 

Hliipote  of  lh«  (Mrii 

tvcr,  conAi««d  Mricil) 


«nl«c«(l«nl   ''tMi,  M 

'  Im  contnt<^t«(l  '^n 

nmctit  iMtv  im 

'(  ««vtrMl,  or 

-  ikdinlutd 

ticen  h«ld 

cufiKnt  or 

•  tM(«  nil  tha 

••iilicttlar  crtd- 

>t  oi  ana  pannar  to 

I  pi  perty  i>,  how 

^nonal  ailbctf,  ami 


doat  not  axtand  lo  r«ai  ettf  held  by  ih«  pMt- 
nanhlp.* 

w4  p»rlmtr  mmy  ttfmw,  ntttft,  and  i»dtrtt 
Utli,  Mttts,  amdckftks  in  the  name  and  for  iha 
a«  of  th«  hrm,*  and  a  ntota  or  bill  executed  by 
m9  partner  in  the  nante  of  the  (inK  \t  frimm 
fntit  evidence  that  it  waa  executed  f<«f  portner- 
»hip  purpoAC*.*  Hut  if  a  partnerthip  be  vtrriad 
on  under  a  alngle  name,  i(  haa  been  held  that 
the  legal  presumption  in  regard  to  a  note  signed 
by  thai  name,  ia,  that  it  waa  a  pmonal  and  not 
a  partnerthip  note.'  One  ptrtitcr  may  effect 
insurance,*  and  receive  money  for  tiM  firai/ 
ma*  compromise  with  its  deUon  or  croditi  e  ,f 
•no  rclaaac  debu  dec  to  it,*  and  inch  utt  and 
dealings,  if  th«y  fall  within  lh«  ordinary  busi- 
ness M  the  Arm,*  will  Mnd«ll  Ikt  other  pan- 
ncn.    A  warranty  of  a  bonw  upon  sale  thereof 

Sr  one  of  sciraral  liorsa-dcalcir  nirtnen  wosild 
nd  the  others.*    Upon  tht  prfticiple  that  the 
act  and  aasurance  of^one  partrer,  made   ■  tlh 


reference  to  buitineia  traoMClrd  l>y  the  fim 
will  bind  all  t)i«  partners;  tbe  acknowledg 
ment,  promise,  or  undertaking  of  one  partner 
with  reference  to  the  contracts  of  Ihe  partner- 
ship, is  >i«ld '    lie  the  achn^/wledgmen'  •*>  ^mise, 
or  undent '    .g  of  all.* 

Ptim        :  tnttrfirt  wkk,  *r  Diuml  fivm 

fhHtr      imiratU,  tk.    One  partner  may  intrr- 

fere,  and,  by  his  ditacnt  from  rotor*  contracts  by 

hki  copartner,  or  fWitB  closing  of  contracti  with 

■n-Bani. Ml i  t  KeatCman. at :  Caffyer HrtB. I«« ; 


rid. t4|.   M-i  Mm.  (Maaa.)  s>t,si|;  fKr*  Pi^nX' ! 


j«Ba>» 


Vm»  I  loa.   i.fWt.  434 ; 
.      _  .  '-J  «»S!    |W'«j  R'c«> 

sfi.   me%  KeiK  C''.'«uR. .«::  CMn)>  Ommt.  (m.  )Mu) 
tM ;  Cagrar  Paitn.  |  «n  and  aeia ;  pi$,  Mir.  Kthmtt 


him  which  have  not  become  binding  ubom  ih« 
(lrta,he  may,  upon  ciprrM  notice  (hereof,  atrmil 
ail;/  liability  <i<iSi«(|ueoily  ■rising  upon  such  <'>>n 
tisi:ts  If  sii^ red  ii'li),  unlens  the  diiaenling 
partner  aftcrwitrds  ii**cn(»  lo  and  r*t)flea  thf 
iran*»£tii>ii.*  But  il  M>cm*  that  ih*  liitseniiii)- 
{mrtncr  «'>uld  not  be  Hahle  iiivrcly  on  the 
ground  tlidl  the  gofHli  (lurt  based,  or  Ihe  ftuiu 
of  the  cnnlract,  tame  to  the  nte  of  the  fltni,* 
unless  they  were  of  some  i>i(i<-(i(  i  the  firm.' 
It  has,  however,  been  qumitonvd  whether  ihr 
dissent  of  one  partner  where  the  partneuhiji 
comiits  of  more  than  two,  will  affrct  the  vali'l- 
ity  of  partncnhip  contract*  made  ly  th<!  majdi 
lly  of  Ihe  lirm  in  the  usual  course  of  buitiir«-, 
and  within  the  sctvpe  of  Ihe  concern.*  In  |i 
absence  of  an  eipres*  itifiulallon,  a  mojorny 
maat  decide  as  to  (he  disposal  of  the  parinrr 
ship  prj|>etiy,*  but  lh«  power  of  the  majotiiy 
must  M  connned  lo  the  ordlih«ry  huHin«M  of  ihr 
parttieiship.i  tt  does  nut  cvtcnd  to  the  tight 
to  chsfge  any  of  the  arliclri  thereof^  nor  In 
engage  th#  parlhrtiihin  in  Irnntactions  for  which 
it  was  never  intende<l.*  Where  a  majority  ii  au 
thorised  lo  act.  It  must  be  fairly  conslUuted,  and 
mtast  proceed  with  Ihe  m<itl  entire  good  failh  > 

Ptwr  lo  fiimdtkt  firm  im  Smimitiiim,  j4rH- 
traH»m,  Cem/tttioH  a/  'ludgmtnl,  lit.  One  |>nii 
ner  cannot  bind  the  htm  by  tulimitting  any  of 
th»  sflairs  of  the  firm  lo  arbitration,  whether 
by  deed  or  jmrol."  The  principle  is  th«'  there 
Is  no  implied  authority,  escefiting  so  far  as  il  in 
neccaaaiy  to  carry  on  the  business  of  the  firm.' 
It  might  abu)  affect  Ihe  rights  ot  the  other  part 
ners  to  resort  to  Ihe  ordinary  course  of  Justice." 
Still,  in  scmie  Stales,  one  partnei'mjty  sabinii 
pertuctihip  matters  to  arbitration.' 

One  partitcr  cannat,  bv  confessing  a  volui 
tary  iadgmenl,  bind  his  copartners,  unlo^^ 
ectnafly  nrought  iiilo  court  by  regular  serviic 
of  process  against  him  and  hia  prtner;  ajudx- 
ment  so  confessed  will  bind  lh«  partners  who 
did  it  only.<  Nor  can  one  partner,  hv  enter- 
ing an  appeariMice  for  another,  biiMl  him  pet- 
suhally  and  individually,  wheic  the  latter  is  not 
within  the  jurisdiclion,  and  has  not  been  ttrv«l 
with  prtioen.' 

OiM  fmrimtr  wHI  Ar  kmnJ  fy  Ikt  fr»t»d  {/ 
|4*a.    s|-f  Ssarfc.  i<4:  *.  Kml  Coaim.  4):  «  CJoaua, 
I  QuMpb._4oii  i«.Viii^Abr._t44i    iSNa.191, 


/M.  m-.  ^n&ML  iSV.^;  >  SSki'w^  -.  c^^VSna. 


Ceflyer  I^Mta.  tt  ^,  jtf ;  |)oth.  Partu.  a.  as. 
ila.  lA  lit :  iTonn.  144 ;  M  ttiSt.  804 ;  1  Tm 
J.  «ef,a90.     #f  S«srli.  im;  is  Ma. 

Pai«s.lta|}  I  iakM.  Ca.  400  js  Id. 
■  *•  CI.  4«*.}>7.  in  .>-i^»'| 


,»-l 


I 


aadaM;^^ 
|sr.  i. 

Lm*i  l^rtonr%i  1^       JelMsi  Cl 

«  fl.  1 B.  4l|i  I  TauM.  »4i :  I  Slai.  ft  8.  Ca.  ii.  I- 
Tam.  ■  K.  Ca.  MS :  ><^  Hare  Ok  «•) !  J  Da  Oas.  It 
S.  sia.     H^s  Kim  ^anm.«a:  Story  nMi^JLiit, 


Sqrar 


"mam 


KM 


■Ma- 


i 


I  h«com«  bliwUng  upon  ih* 
i|>r«w  millet)  lh>rvol,avt>iil 
tni\y  •riling  uiMin  (Uch  xn 
MO,  unlcM  lh«  dlMtnlinij 
MNtnt*  lo  and  r«tiflm  ilu 
it  unm*  ihal  lh»  .wtMnliii); 
be  llal)l«  iiivrrljr  on  ihi< 
hU  pufkhiMil,  ur  ib«  ftuii'i 
«•  to  Ihe  Uk«  of  the  Irni,* 
r  Miin*  bt'ttrtil  I  Ibf  fitni.' 
en  qu«»tii>n«d  whtlh«r  the 
ncr  where  ih«  (Mrin«r>hiii 
in  two,  will  •ITrtl  the  valiil' 
mlracu  mxit  l>y  the  major 
r  uiual  coaraa  of  buiinro*. 
e  of  (Imi  concern.*  In  li- 
reaa  iltftulatiun,  a  majoniy 
he  dii|MiMl  of  the  partnrr 
the  power  of  Ihe  majiiriiy 
ihe  ofdiiMry  biwiiMwa  of  ihe 
ea  nut  emtend  to  the  right 
he  artlcira  thereof^  nur  In 
'tin  in  (raniaciiona  for  which 
d.»  Where  a  majority  Uau- 
u&t  tie  fairly  conaliluted,  and 
ihe  miMt  entire  gixMl  f»iih  ' 
*  Firm  im  Smhmtuion,  Arhi- 
f'ludgmtnlftlt,  Onepnil 
>  him  by  tutimltting  any  of 
irm  tu  arbitration,  whelhd 
The  principle  ia  th«'  there 
rity,  eicepling  lo  far  as  it  in 
>n  the  buiinrM  of  the  finn* 
the  rtghta  ot  the  other  part- 
ordinary  courae  of  Justice.' 
M,  one  parinermjiy  attbtnit 
to  arbitration.' 
n^,  bv  confeuing  a  vohn 
id  hia  copartners,  unltM) 
to  cobft  by  regular  serviu^ 
im  and  hia  {nrtner ;  a  Judif- 
will  bind  \\\*  (wr'ncrt  who 
can  one  jMiitn-r,  by  enter- 
for  another,  bind  him  pet- 
iially,  wheic  the  latter  U  mit 
on,  and  hu  not  been  tcrvrti 

'/  ht  tcftfiJ  fy  tk*  fratMl  oj 

;  X  Kent  CoRini.  4$;  1  Caaua. 
i«  Vin.  Abr.  (44:  IS  Ma.  tfl, 
jlyi  IMh.  Pana.  a.  oa.    i»-m 

:  a  nin.  740!  <4  amf.  Molfe. 
I  O.  4«i  }  SiaaN ft  0.  i|«.  J- 

M.  »4i :  I  Si«.  It  8.  Ot.  M.  I- 
!«,  Hare  Ol  «}!  s  DaQei.ft 


■ew.  nute 


T 


PAKTNERSHIP. 


SJ7 


kit  ttpmrtmir  (n  contraeU  relailng  to  the  affair* 
nf  the  cop«/lner«hlp  made  with  innocenl  third 
l»ni.m».«     Thia   doctrine   proceedt   upon   the 
yiuund  that,  where  one  of  two  lnn«K:ent  (terxina 
tniitl  kuffier  by  the  act  of  a  third  pervm,  he  (hall 
«ii(f«r  whi>  haa  been  Ihe  cauia  or  occnalcn  of 
ill*  icmfUlrnca  and  iredil  re|ipicd  in  auch  third 
|wrM.n.«     The    ilahilliy,   ihcrefiire,    due*    not 
nilHC   when   there    ia    Golluai-in   between    Ihe 
fraudulent  partner*  and  the  (larty  with  whom 
b«  il«alt,«  or  the  Utter  have  reaaon  lo  (uptime 
(hit  Ihe  partner  i»  acting  on  hl(  own  acciiuni.' 
A  partner  may  Iw  made  liable  for  other  wr.mg» 
mmmllled  in  reference  lo  Ihe  parlnenhip  Ikim 
lieu  by  hi*  copartner*  i  a*,  where  a  |Niiiner  In- 
|ur**  a  third  petaon  by  negligence  in  driving  a 
coach,  the  property  ot  the  firm  aiid  employed 
on  their  bualneaa.*     A  Joint  ronvenion  may  he 
raiaed  in  point  of  law,  by  the  a((en(  of  the 
partner  to  the  acU  of  hia  co|i«rtner.*    Demand 
"f,  and   ref^aal   by  one  partner  lo  deliver  up 
iwoperty  i«  evidence  of  •  converalon  by  both.r 
Hut  the  wilful  tort  of  one  partner  aeema  not  In 
({enenU  lo  be  impu  thle  to  the  tirm.* 

Prhmtt  Arram^  .itntt  bttmm  Parimtrt,  tU. 
No  arrangements  tM!iween  the  partners  them- 
lelve*  can  limit  tw  prevent  iheir  ordinary  re- 
•po  liilitie*  to  third  persona,  unless  Ihe  latter 
tsieni  to  such  arraiigemonts.*  But  where  the 
creditor  h.M  evpreaa  notice  of  a  private  arrange- 
ment betw««n  the  nirti.en,  by  which  either  the 
power  of  one  to  bind  the  firm,  or  his  liability 
on  partnership  contracts  i*  qualified  or  defeated, 
•uch  creditor  will  be  bound  by  the  arrange- 
ment.* Th«  act  Of  contract  of  one  partner, 
•«ea  In  •  tntnsaction  purely  of  a  partnership 
v^tttfw,  doe*  not  bind  the  firm,  if  the  creditor 
iiu  eKprcas  notice  from  the  other  partners  that 
Xhtil  will  not  consider  themselves  r«*ponslble,« 
for  list  uthority  of  one  partner  to  bind  the 
fina  is  nniy  implied ;  and  no  one  can  become 
the  creditor  of  a«niher  against  hia  express  and 
decUfid  will.* 

TktfartmtrMpprvftrfy  consists  of  the  orig- 
inal stock  and  the  additiont  made  to  it  in  the 
coane  of  trade.  All  real  «tat«  porchaaed  for 
the  partnership,  paid  for  out  of  tha  fund*  thereof, 
and  dcvotod  to  pwtnersMp  ssea  and  trusts, 
whether  the  legal  titlt*  is  in  on«  or  till  cf  the 
(Kirtncrs,  is  treated  in  equity  in  the  same  man- 
ner ai  other  partnership  property  nntU  the  part- 


»Ca«Mr  raiw.  1 441^  •  B.  Vt  Aid.  mj :  Cowp.  .,4 


lit; 


Pana.  |jk    t^Hof  y 


(EiI.iHaIf«ll»,aaMai  CoOver  ParM.ijitj  is  N.  H. 
™^J  '<?-,  jr-jHta.  j»  J  «4  Wend,  itof^  Rawie, 
l3Mi  iAikAtd.«i9i  sK*mCoa(«.4i|  sMaa^C. 


ii«rr«hlp  acrminl  ia  settled,  and  Ihe  partnenhlp 
deiMs  are  |>«lil.»  I.eaae*  of  real  estate  taken 
by  (me  penner  for  parln«r«hip  ptir|KMei,  mine*, 
and  trade  marks,  are  held  to  be  parlnershla 
property.' 

A  (wculiar  species  of  iniered,  calle<t  gnntl- 
will  of  the  lra<le  or  bu*in*M,  t«  often  treated  as 
In  some  sort  a  part  of  the  |Nirinenh<p  property* 
U  Is  considn<r*d  lo  enhmice  Ihe  value  of  ihe 
effWcts  OH  it,  U  attendant,  and  will,  therefore,  U 
iiiclu.le<!  In  a  decr«e  for  Ihe  sale  of  ihme 
e(T«ct(.»  The  good  will  of  a  pror«uional  (lart- 
iiership  belongs,  in  the  alisence  of  c(|)re«a  stipu- 
lation, escluaively  lo  Iho  survivon.' 

yVr<Swr«  at  %.»/  7h,amti,  »md  Digtring 
Am*  Tmmmit  m  Ctmmon,  He.  Partners  are 
•aid  lo  be  Joint  tenant*  of  the  partnership  prop^ 
erty,  without  benefit  of  survivorship  tm/tr  1*) 
Hut  In  additlim  to  ihe  ordinary  right  of  Joint 
tananis,  each  iiariner  ha«  slso  a  power,  singly, 
io  diapoae  of  Ihe  entire  right  of  all  ihe  |»rtners 
in  the  partner(hlr,>  effecu,  for  the  punxKie*  of 
partnership,  and  »n  Ihe  name  af  the  firm.' 

Piirtr<enthip  aiso  differ*  from  a  tenancy  Ir: 
common  in  referrnce  lo  the  power  o(  disnueal 
and  beca'ise,  inur  ti,  each  paiiner  has  >%  « lain.' 
not  to  any  specific  share  or  Inierest  in  Ihir  f »  j, 
erty  in  tfttu,  a*  a  tenant  in  common  has,  ot; 
to  the  proportion  of  Ihe  residue  which  shall  b« 
found  lo  be  due  to  him  upon  the  final  balance 
of  their  accounta,  after  the  conversion  of  tht 
•ssets,  and  the  liquidation  thereoiA  of  all  the 
claim*  upon  the  partnemhips  and,  therefore, 
each  portner  has  a  right  to  have  the  same  ap- 
plied to  the  discharge  and  payment  of  all  such 
claims  befors  any  one  of  the  priner*,  or  his 
parsonal  rer  resentatives,  or  his  individual  cred- 
itors, can  claim  any  right  or  title  thereto.) 

If  a  Partn*r  kas  lakm  tht  wkolg  or  any  pati 
6/  kit  ikartwti  of  the  pnrlnetship  dock,  Ihe 
stock  so  taken,  if  identified,  is  applicable  to  the 
payment  of  what,  upon  an  account  taken,  shall 
be  found  10  bo  due  from  him  to  the  partner- 
ship, before  it  can  b«  applied  to  the  payment 
of  his  separate  crediion."  The  same  rale  will 
appiy  to  any  other  property  into  which  Ihe 
partnership  property  may  have  been  converted, 
so  far  and  so  long  as  iu  original  character  and 
ideniily  can  be  distinctly  Uaced,»  and  hence 
no  separate  creditor  of  any  partner  can  merely 


iMjj. Ch. «s. 4}j ;  rffoir. Oi  ei-  , V... oT^. 

CoUyw  Parm.  }  i6j.  JhBntM  Pann.  «.  4s  j  .  jTr. 
8?"  Co«»-  *»L  Coei.  Bit.  *irrr*«/t  (JS.T-   (folly,. 

I?^ sii"i.5?Tr '^•^"r.* •»•  *^  »HiiMt P.,?;; 

K*lJ^"v*"«^rJ''-i->»»»-  **»;  •  V"  Sen 
»  t.  Wnn  ilo  CoUysr  POMa.  |  mo:  Siory  Pmm  1 
97.    SS.4  Hm.  ft  M'fc.  i«y]  8my  Pwui,  |,,  ' 


If! 


fMLIr  ■  «SffiK 


M  tacb  rrttliinr,  takt  my  pnrtkn  t)t  ttt*  p«H 
n«r*h)p  atfct;!*,  bf  ^irucm*  ur  v>ih<rwi*#,  ttcept 
fot  M)  mttih  M  boiv>ng»  la  ihM  |j«r1fl«i,  ftnd  hi* 
•hsf*  <)t  b*lsni'«  afliir  alt  itHur  cUInm  llMmm 
an  il«(u(i«<l  •it<t  Mii«itc<l.* 

Ai><4  I'ttitrntr  Ann  «/i«  «  tftti/lt  Htm  on  lK« 
|ir«Mnt  «Ln>l  fu)iii«  uru|j«>(y  of  th«  imrlnanihip, 
th«  ilocli  bruuKhl  In,  anu  avcrirthing  romiiiK 
in  lien,  durinK  lh«  itrntlnuanr*  •n<l  afltr  iho 
U«i«riMia«iioii  >if  lh«  i«rin*rihl|>,  not  cmljr  fur 
ih«  paymaiit  of  <I«Ik«  (Iu«  lo  Ihlrd  mraon*.  tiul 
■Iho  for  ih«  Miutunl  <if  htt  own  tWt  of  ih« 
i>»ftn«nhl|i  •l»cli,«nii  rnrall  moncyi  »ilvanc«<l 
uy  htm  brjroiui  that  «aiininl  fur  tk«  um  of  lh« 
Mr*n«nhl|),  ••  alio  for  numeyi  abitrtctod  by 
hi*  i:utj«iin«ri<  tteyond  the  Mnount  of  hU  ■h^ucD 
Thta  flan  aiiachca  on  raal  Mlata  held  by  th« 
|iar(n«rihl|>  fcii  parliicrnhlp  pur|MWC«,  ••  wall  a« 
upon  Iha  |mii»<>iuiI  a<Ulc,<  and  U  co-c)it«n*iv« 
wltk  (h«  traniaciionii  un  Joint  ac^ouni.' 
■  Bath  Partner  ii  tMl*  t.  pay  Ik*  wk0U  Pttrf- 
ntftkif  Dtiti.  In  what  |>r(>{i<inion  (he  (larlnvra 
•hall  conii'bala  U  a  matter  merely  among 
(h«niaelv«!t.*  UniverMJty  whatever  agreement 
may  %%\A  among  the  pnrtnerk  lhem»«lvet, 
WifraUtii  41  for  a  realricted  retfMirMibility,  and 
ll^avei  Hmiled  may  be  th«  extent  of  hit  own 
ttparalB  beneficial  intereat  in,  and  however 
itaoMroiii  the  memt)er«  of  the  ptutnenhip,each 
individual  memlwr  In  liable  for  (he  joint  debt 
ta  Um  whole  extent  uf  hi»  pniperty.' 

7%*  mit  er  mJmimoH  ont  paHntr  im  kg»l 
frttttdim^i,  mt  aUt  mo/nr  to  or  bv  one  partner, 
aa  a  pneral  rule,  ii  held  to  b«  binding  on  the 
finn.*  In  an  action  auaiiwl  partner*,  one  may 
enter  an  appearance  (or  ih«  re«l,'  but  not  to 
Nnd  ibain  penonally  and  individually  when 
not  within  the  juriidiction,  and  not  tcrved  with 
proceia.*  Where  one  partner  relaaaed  an  ac- 
tion aAer  the  firm  had  int(ructe<<  their  attorney 
to  proceed  to  trial,  the  court  refuted  to  inter 
flit.'  And  it  teem*  that  one  partner  haa  alto 
tha  power  of  auaptndiny  proctrJiii  ^  In  an  ac- 
tion^ One  MUttMir  may  bive  rKnict  of  aban- 
danmanl  undW  a  polhy  ol  ln«(!M,W9i«  frr  rM.' 
No»c«  of  (liahonor  i'  one  of  »trt:.ii-  r«uin«ra, 
}<jint  indoric.^  of  a  bill  «»  nal%  ia  aotioe  tr 
all.*  On*  t>arti;ej-  may  act  for  Ik*  olban  in 
pro«,««dlngt  ttnd«r  the  bankrnpl  lawi,*  mc«p( 
In  tk«  caac  of  a  ^tion  for  a  tat* 


toOiit^  J,  iiji  toVt  471,1  t.Cata 


I&: 


9I1  u 


n  UBdlay  Parto.  sfe :  1  Vm.  8aa.  bib  1 
an;  ae  Id.  ao)  af  Id.  afc;  j  MwM.  0. 

r,|5.  t.?  X  tv.  '<^if^v.*h: 

1 1  ^  ft  R.  Mti  I  LtadlfT  l^w**'  H'^.'^CK^nr 
:  aCMM 


1!^ 


BB.  lyA. 


n « 

M  a 

a.     W;*  T.  *.  a^r:  IT  V«.  »MJ  »  i  »- 
W%Cmm. jih)  5 J  Haw.  {&.    «..f  J.  W. 

jr-MM;  rirtk.  nu  <|aw.  Kiw.  H,  aoi  <■ 

♦S  Q.  0.  Iji.  4  i 


fc»».  H  44>.  ♦)«•  44ii  J»  Ut*.  441  B  wA.  C7c. 
MMn 


(tag.  Id.)|e.    ••IWMii'* 


i4^  IVmmmftumi,  Hie.  K  partner  derive*  iki 
authority  frtim  tha  m«ia  relation  of  (mrlnerthip 
to  bnd  (h«  film  a»  the  guaranluf  of  the  daU  of  | 
another,*  ar  aa  a  ^(y  !•  a  b41l  or  n«<a  for  ih« 
accommo4«(lM  «,  or  aa  a  mere  and  avowal 
•urelv  ftir  anofhar  *  In  •'Mher  of  thr»«  ni»r, 
can  ina  act  of  one  |iartnar  t>ind  the  firm,  anltM 
there  b«  a  *|ir.-i*l  authority  for  the  purpnae,  <  1 
one  to  b«  implied  from  the  common  cunrae  u( 
liuiine**,  or  the  iireviotta  cour««  and  habit  uf 
<l«nling,  with  the  knowledge  and  coniMit  of  lie 
firm,  or  unlcH  the  Iraniactiim  I*  auhaeiiuenil^ 
a-lopted  by  the  firm.'  Whether  It  appear*  tt|»>ii 
<h«  inilrument  or  in  cime  other  way,  that  th« 
<  wtiacl  I*  one  of  guaranty,  •uretythlp,  or  actom 
RKKitliun,  the  burden  of  proof  l«  upon  the  laanv 
hoUlinMi  it,  if  he  took  it,  knowing  «ch  to  be  lln 
character  of  the  contract,  to  ihow  the  fact*  nrrr« 
««ry  to  tender  it  available  agtinat  the  Arm  • 
Direct  or  poallive  proof  ia  not  Rccvaaarv )  thv 
authority  or  ralifkatiun  may  b«  lnferr«cl  '.-oni 
ti  icui)Miancc*> 

/»,f  /4t/  »f  »  Pai^mtr  wk»tly  iimt«mm»tH^ 
with  iki  kfM$ntst  ef  lk0  Partntrthifi  doe*  nu 
bind  tha  firm.'  Still  a  partner  may  bitui  Ihi- 
firm  In  matter*  out  of  the  usual  ti.une  of  (he 
bu»ine*a  of  the  lirro,  if  Ihoae  matter*  arM  out 
of,  and  are  connected  with,  the  rrgulnr  tranMii 
tiun*  of  the  firm  J  If  one  partner  ia  a  (ruatrr, 
and  he  iiviproiMrly  employ*  the  tniat  fund*  in 
the  partrierthin  Imnineca,  hi*  knowledge  that 
he  i*  doing  *o  I*  not  imputable  to  the  firm.* 

If  a  partner  appliea  partnerahip  fund*  to  the 
(Miyment  of  hi*  own  debt*  thi*  act  la  void,  al- 
though Iha  creditor  did  nti)t  know  that  the 
funda  belonged  to  the  partnership.*  And 
where  any  creditor  of  one  ix^mlMr  of  the  Arai 
lAk«a  from  him  either  Iv  p  «r).,  or  *«<nir<iy 
fur  hi*  debt  the  paper  of  •*  i  ^ rat,,  he  Ukea  it  \% 
fraud  f>'  thr  firm,  and  tha  &  »  will  not  (unlcMi 
their  intereat.  or  a**ent  an'*.  lUtboriiy  betrtiowa) 
be  J.f.!«l  • 

Conir^vtli  in.  Ctftmy  Jt«*J  J*Mt.  fyr  '. .  •■« 
*r  /^f,  **<■  One  jiartncr  without  t<f*«sr.,- 
expreii*  or  implied,  from  lircttnalanc: .  t^'  M> 
HnA  ih<!  (tvn  by  a  root/act  to  convey  cat  aatale 
of  the  partnerahip  unlMa  there  be  a  ."baaqneal 
ratification  or  adoptioa  of  tb*  oonlract.o    One 

Baeli.  teji  (Xtyer  Pam.  J  4*1:  Ckltly  C^a'^.  fU. 
""  "     "  Blery  Parrn.  |  1 

irr.  *4 :  >  Aia.  1. 
foa  I  a  f;u*ii.  y:^.    •-•  UaA.  jettCell.  Pan*,  k  ^1 » 
19  Jeka*.  I'M    -  ^         *'   i  I  Ceaa.  sm,  *i  W*>, 


iMe)*74,  try,  and  tmua  ;  Stery  Partn.  |  la*.  tMN 
CoauB.  4e,  41  Ircct  Ml ;  a  Marr.  *4:  >  Ala.  (II.  t.) 
foai  aOitb.  31:9.    4ha  Cutk.  jaft  Call.  Paitw. k^t 

iNdi 


KealCr 

W«aC      .. :  I  *  .si 
Mitt.  II      ^'i  i.t.  i  ■ 

T,;    «i  .... 

i.  ti*.     .      ,■  \    . 

<l.ftAU.t  nu     .. 


r. 


4W4nd;tn,  t|lt4' 

I  ati.andBaet;  ) 

td.iMa)t|«,*n; 

«-i»Jdin(.  rMir 

<%M   St.  i»t  at 

M.  454-    b-e^JHh. 


\  41X  111  t  a  Utitit  41 1  n 

Mat  »  MB.  wo  i  «ij?'*<(  ayp 

ICBBB    na,    «  .IJI.BSiSMr9pM«>.'M..v4.W0t 

^  ^^  }ri:.  m,jykii%*Jn 


—    ia  >.j« 


. ij«ij»j« ;  r 


#;A. 


^^ii^ 


^rjk' 


3  mm,  ifB.  aa-ia  Waaa.  11;  1 
»MM.«tB(  tiCBdi.«B|  4SaU. 
)iay. 


4al.  n^Him 


'  ^i^ssi- 


tt.     A  |Mrln«r  d*fl»<>«  im 
i«r«  raUilon  of  iMrtnanhin  i 
ic  guaranlur  of  lh«  dibl  >■<  { 
t|  lu  •  UtI  or  !■■«•  for  lh« 
»r  "  •  iiwtn  uiA  »»owril 

In  i.i-MlMrr  of  thr*e  nur, 
Mn«r  bind  lh«  tirm,  anil « 
ilhtirily  fur  lh«  (nirpuM,  1 1 
rxn  Iha  cimtmun  cuiir**  oi 
vlout  courM  ami  babil  ti( 
.i«I<«Ik«  *n<l  cotiMtti  of  lU 
raiMti'ium  U  auhaafittanily 
'    W  h«(  h«r  tt  apfMara  u  i*  ><  ■ 

Kioia  cxhar  way,  thai  the 
raiil)r,*ur«iyil<l|>,  or  acroni 

I  of  iwoof  )•  upon  lh«  |Mriy 
it,  knowing  tii'li  tu  ba  ilu 

■cl,  io  ihow  ih«  factt  niFcri 
'altalila  aK«intt  tha  ^im  • 
roof  is  not  nacaaaary  i  ih« 
Ion  may  be  tnfarnd  .'."oni 

rtiur  mhaily  mmftmrnttM 
'  Ikt  P*rln*rihip  do««  nM 

II  a  partner  majr  Idiut  thi 
f  (he  utual  cdurM  of  Ih' 
if  thoaa  matter*  artaa  oui 

I  with,  the  rc|{uliir  tninMi 
f  one  iwrtner  it  a  truntrr, 
mployi  the  trust  Ainds  in 
inets,  his  knowledge  that 
im()uiaM«  to  the  firm.* 

w  (tartncrahip  funds  to  the 
debts  Ihia  act  to  void,  «!■ 
did  no«  know  that  ih« 
Ibe  paitnanhip.'  And 
f  oiw  f-wh^r  of  the  firm 
•r  I:  ^  .  <•:•■>»  or  security 
r  o(  '*  1  ' -TT,  he  lakca  it  m 
<1  ih4  fi  m  will  not  (aalcsii 
It  au''.  ittlbority  b«  uiowb) 

partner  without  c«t*t«r' ; 
rom  i.lrcumalanc^ .  ^-  M. 
tUfuct  tu  oonvey  aal  «slat« 
Um  (hare  b«  ■  .^bsaqMeat 
M  of  tb«  oonlnct.*    Om 

t».  J  4*1  jCWtlir  C«au.  MM. 

«i ,  i  Harr.  m:  i  Ala.  \m.  8.) 

Zmh.  1*91  CaU.  Pan*.  )r;*i, 

••   :  »  Catsn.  im.  sillta*. 

•4  W«ad.  in,  i|«H  ' 

I  4*1, aailfia** i  ] 

Id.  itla)*f<.ani 

1fi9Jsf*M.  iMir 

,    .  ^aaa    K.  int  ** 

ii  M.  *u.    b-*  OMb. 

,  V  4iX  111  I  *  Uuailt  «i  I  in 

II.  «)i  S«o>y  ruM. If  ,.1,4,  i»tij 

II  »  w-«4     -^    - 
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Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


L 


PARTNERSHIP. 


u» 


IMrtner  hu  no  implied  authority  to  bind  iiin 
.opartnen  by  deed,*  but  •  deed  made  by  one 
l>artner  in  tne  name  and  for  the  use  of  the 
mcmbera  of  the  firm  will  bind  the  other  part- 
litre,  if  they  assent  to  it  or  subsequently  adopl 
i'.  1  and  this  consent  or  adoption  may  be  by 
p,irol.»  So  one  partner  may  bind  the  firm  to  a 
conveyance  bv  deed  of  the  effects  of  the  firm 
which  he  might  have  conveyed  without  deed. 
The.  mere  circumstance  of  annexing  a  seal  to 
the  instrument  in  such  a  case  does  not  annul 
i  transfer  so  consummnt  id.*  A  deed  of  as- 
Mgnment  of  the  partnership  property,  executed 
liy  one  partner  as  his  deed  only,  passes  his 
inlereat  In  the  property.'  The  rule  that  one 
r>arlner  cannot  bind  his  copartners  by  deed 
does  not  extend  to  rt/tases;'  as  a  release  by  one 
partner  is  a  release  by  all,  so  a  release  to  one 
partner  is  a  release  to  all.* 

The  power  of  a  partner  to  dispose  of  the 
property  of  the  firm  does  not  extend  to  real 
estate  held  by  the  partnership;  one  partner  con- 
not  convey  nway  real  estate  of  the  firm  without 
special  authority.* 

6}»<»«»  /Ae  dteeate  of  one  of  sewralpartntn  his 
ptrsonal  representatives  become  tenants  in  com- 
mon with  the  surviving  partners.*'  Still,  as  the 
surviving  partner  stands  chargeable  with  the 
whole  of  the  partnership  debts,  he  takes  the 
partnership  property  by  survivorship,  for  all 
purposes  of  holding  and  administering  the 
estate,  until  the  effects  are  reduced  to  money, 
and  the  debte  paid.'  The  debts  of  the  part- 
neriihip  roust  be  collected  in  the  name  of  the 
lurviving  partner.* 

»e«ft,  Distributiim  of.  As  between  the 
partners,  they  may  by  agreement  stipulate  for 
equal  or  uaeqaal  shares  in  the  profit  and  loss 
of  the  partnership/  but  in  the  absence  of  any 
express  agreement  or  stipuktion  between  them, 
and  of  all  controlling  evidence  and  circum- 
stances, the  presumption  is  held  to  be  that  they 
I  are  interested  in  equal  shares.*  And  the  cir- 
cumstance that  each  partner  has  brought  an 
unequal  amount  of  capital  into  the  common 
stock,  or  that  one  or  more  have  hronght  in  the 
I  whole  ca|>ital,  and  the  other*  have  on^  brought 
indostijr,  skill,  and  experience,  would  not  seem 
to  furnish  any  subatantial  ground  of  difference 


••J  Kent  Comai.  47,  ^t:  Story  Pjirtn.  |  n*.  h 
•jr.;  CoBmt  Ram.  4<j.  »->«  Pick.  400:  4  Met. 
(Mui.)  S4|.:.f«  OWo.ttj:  Gllty  Conlr.  (Ed.  iSfc) 


I  Brock.  45«:  I  Met.  5«s:  7  W.  •44.ThhI.  lo;:^ 
Ulgh.  4IS-  .r-ti  M.  ft  W.  tat:  but  M  17  l^ss/Ch. 

4  T.  R.  5«9:  3  BlaA.  loi :  j  Johmi.  «9;  4  Gdlk  J. 
310 :  3  KoU  Comoi.  48.  (-Marai,  aoa ;  >  Co.  136;  n 
c^-  *J>'  '  *5B?-  VJ  S  Om  ft  J.  3«4 :  m  Pick.  3o«7 
Chitw^o»».nM.i«i5o).7^,.  i-t  Sl«t.  (Mass.)  M» 
jlj9i,SloiT  Ptoa.  I  toi:  i  lirock,  45«;,4«8;  3  Mcliu! 


V    i  _»"■.  ■»!:  ■••  •  BJtcn.  104;  ¥«ar  a.  »  bow. 

\./.  3,  t.  Aee»$i^.    x-4  Cow.  441 ;  Stiwy  F«rtn.  f 

«:  3  *»"«  Comm.  37 j  aMcI.  fMsM.)  540.    jr-Stnry 

I  »■"*"•  l»5-    ■■'<'•  I  M:  Ktuet  Paftn.  «<,57:  Collyer 

I  Putt.  }  187;  I  Moid.  i.  R.  597:  6  'WtiA.A^i  9  AU.  | 


as  to  the  distribution.*  Whether  a  pai.nership 
includes  the  capital  stock,  or  is  limited  to  the 
profit  and  loss,  must  be  determined  from  the 
ngreement  and  intention  of  the  porties.* 

A  bonafidt  sale,  for  a  valuable  consideration, 
bv  one  partner  to  anothcf,  of  all  the  partner- 
ship effects,  is  valid,  and  the  property  so  con- 
veyed becomes  the  separate  estate  of  the  pur- 
chaser,  although  the  firm  and  both  partners  ar« 
at  the  time  insolvent.* 

Mutual  Rigklt—ObHgaHims.     Good  faith, 
reasonable  diligence,  and  skill,  and  the  exei^ 
cise  of  a  sound  judgment  and  discretion,  lie  at 
the  veiyfoundation  of  the  relation  of  partner- 
ship.   The  same  rules  and  testa  are  to  be  ap- 
plied to  the  conduct  of  partners  as  are  ortU- 
narily  applied  to  that  of  trustees.     Inueed,  the 
functions,  rights,  and  duties  of  partners  in  a 
great  measure  couprehend  both  those  of  trus- 
tees and  agenU.«     If  the  partnership  suflfen 
loas  uo»:i  the  groas  negligence,  unskilfulness, 
fraud,  or  other  wanton  misconduct  of  a  prtner 
in  the  portnerahip  business,  or  from  a  known 
deviation  from  the  partnership  artic'es,  he  is 
ordinarily  responsible  over  to  the  other  partners 
for  all  losses  and  damages  sustained  thereby.* 
A  party  withdrawing  the  funds  of  the  concern, 
thereby  diminishing  the  stock,  and  applying  it 
to  his  own  use,  shall  account  to  the  others  for 
the  injury.'    But  if  one  partner,  acting  fairiy, 
and  for  the  best  in  his  judgment,  causes  a  loss, 
he  is  not  answerable  to  the  others.*    Not  only 
gross  frauds,  but  intrigues  for  private  benefit, 
are  clearly  offences  against  the  partnership  at 
large,  and,  as  such,  are  relieval)le.i> 

As  it  is  the  duty  of  the  partners  to  devote 
themselTet  to  the  interests  of  the  concern,  to 
exercise  due  diligence  and  skill  for  the  promo- 
tion pf  the  common  benefit  of  the  partnership, 
it  follows  that  they  must  do  it  without  any  re- 
ward or  compensation,  although  the  services 
perfonned  by  the  partners  are  very  unequal  in 
ainount  and  yalue,  unless  there  is  an  express 
stipulation  for  remuneration.'  So  no  partner 
has  a  right  to  engage  in  any  business  or  specu- 
lation which  must  necessarily  deprive  the  pett- 
nerthip  of  a  portion  of  his  skill,  industry,  or 
capital^  nor  to  place  himself  in  a  position  whidt 

(W.  S.)$7Si  jsld.  7ss:   *MurJ,y,  jo;    5  D,n«.«i 


-  —  — ,,    I  ana.  33a:    11.     .  ^,,_..__ 

Partt.  sn;  "o  B«av.  ftoila,  96 ;  7  IMJex  M.  &G.  aso' 
eL^'iS:^-  7  Hare.  130;  i  Mood,  ft  R.  «,.  \. 
Slorr  Farto.  |  ai ;    3  Kent  Comm.  »8, 19 ;    ai  Me.  117. 

X:?'.  B*»  r'^""'^  ^*'^-  *  '.*?:''':  «*  »  Taunt 
JL*i.*  "'^  *'•  *!^ '  Swry  Piutn.  |  a6.     tM  Cu»h.  s»»  • 

£:i-  I'V**'-  e*C#"  *«""•  «  "iS.  «8i  i   Story 

»•  '"'«'./•■"•  Ch-.V^J    »o  Hare  Ch.  jaa,  .36;    14 

4t9j  I  Lindtey Paitti. 4»>«493-    •i  Sim. Ch  89 :  P»th. 

Fartn.  m.  133;    3  Kent  Comm.  sa.  n. :    Story  Partn.  I 

«<.  anil  nato,     f-t  r    T   M._l.    ....   .  o U     '     '' * 


ver  Partn.  f  183.    J.3  Kent  Comm.  st.  5a:   d^yer 


88 


'»«"^^^'pnr"P"wri"i7'j'iTj<A'iU*ch.'^;" 


Sim'ft 


»«M> 


56» 


PARTNERSHIP. 


£ 


JItm  l^im  «  Um  agdnit  th«  diicham  of  his 
utj,*  nor  to  m«k«  um  of  th«  partnenhlp  uock 
fcr  hU  own  privBU  bmefit.'  nor  to  introduce 
a  itnuiMT  into  tk*  ooncerq.**  Each  partner 
■hmil'l  EMD  pradM  tGcoanU,  and  havt  Ibcm 
always  raaify  far  iMpaction.' 

In  all  ordinary  mattart  relating  to  the  part- 
MTtkip,  the  powaia  of  the  partnen  are  co-ex- 
taneive,  and  neither  haa  a  right  to  exclude  an- 
other firaea  an  equal  thare  in  the  nanagement 
of  the  oonoam,  or  Araaa  the  pceaaaian  of  the 
paitnendiip  efftcH.*  A  partimr  oeaht  not  to 
transoend  the  ofdinwry  privilegea  of  a  partner 
by  inonrriag  extravagant  and  unweceiiary  ex- 
peaae  in  the  management  of  the  ooncem,  though 
for  paitaenhlp  pvrpoaea.'  Tho  weight  of  au- 
thority it  in  favor  of  Iha  power  of  a  maiarily 
of  the  firm  acting  in  good  feilh,  to  bind  the 
minority  in  the  ordiaary  traoMcdoM  of  thepart- 
aonhip,  and  when  all  have  been  eoasnlted.< 

It  to  tho  dnty  of  thoae  upon  whom,  by  m- 
poiatment  or  otherwtoe,  it  devotee^  after  the 
dtoaolution  of  a  firm,  to  wind  np  the  aflkira  of 
the  paitnenhlp,  to  act  for  the  bert  advantag* 
of  UM  concern,  to  make  no  inconainteiit  ns<  of 
dM  propertjr,  and  to  seeic  no  private  advantage 
in  the  oompoaition  of  debtt,  or  in  any  other 
tramaetion  in  the  perfarmance  of  this  buineM.' 
Nor,  in  thto  erne,  can  any  partner  claim  any 
oommtmkm  Car  getting  in  die  debts,  or,  in  any 
other  partiealar.  reward  or  oompeaiatioa  far 
Ustroable.* 

Jtifkt^AetlmMmtn.  A  part.  «r^  way  sue 
a  copartner  on  an  exprew  agrcenumt  >fi  io  any 
act  not  involving  a  conaideratioa  iif  the  part- 
aerdiip  accounU?  And  if  partners  fiaaUy  bal- 
ance aU  their  acooonts,  or  a  distinct  part  thereof 
to  entirely  severed  bv  them  from  the  rest,  a  suit 
to  maintainable  far  the  balance.*  BntttM  part- 
ner cannot  soe  a  cttpartner  at  law  in  'aspect  to 
any  matter  growing  out  of  dm  traasactiaos  of 
tbepartnersUp^and  Snvdtvingaa  enmiaatian 
ofpartaenUpaeoonnts."  If  ooa  of  a  partner- 
ship  who  an  plainti&  be  nba  oae  of  a  partner- 
ship  who  an  defiendaals,  dw  adiea  oaaaot  be 
mi^itaiaedi  for , the  same  party  cannot  be 
plaintiff  and  defendaat  of  leoord  ia  tha  same 
action.* 

IIAMB. 

FkMi  totbe  penonaecaspoalnga  partaeiship, 


8.»IL«i.4l:ir 


taken  colUctively.  The  name,  style  or  title 
under  which  the  members  of  a  partnership 
traiinact  butincM. 

The  word  is  used  as  synonymous  with  part 
ncnhip.  The  words  "houae,"  "concern," 
and  "company,"  an  also  nsed  in  the  same 
sense.  This' name  to  in  point  of  law  conven- 
tional, and  applicable  only  to  the  persons  who, 
on  each  pertieular  occasion  when  the  name  u 
used,  an  members  of  the  firm.  A  firm  i> 
usually  described  in  legal  proceedings  aa  cer- 
tain persons  trading  or  carrying  on  basincu 
under,  and  using  the  name,  style,  aad  firm  of, 
etc.* 

It  amy  bethat  the  naaMs  of  all  the  BHaaben 
of  the  nurUMiship  appear  in  the  naam  or  style 
of  the  arm,  or  that  IM  names  of  only  a  part 
appear,  with  the  addition  of  "  and  company  " 
(»  &  Co."),  or  other  worda  (ndicatiag  a  par- 
tidpatioa  of  oOers,  aa  partners  in  the  bnstnem,* 
or  that  the  name  of  only  one  of  the  paitaen*, 
withoat  such  addition,  to  the  name  of  tbe  firm. 
It  sometimes  happens  that  the  naam  of  Beitbei 
of  the  partners  appears  in  the  style  of  the  firm. 
The  proper  style  of  the  Srm  to  fre^ently 
agreed  npoa  ia  the  paitaerahip  artide»i  and 
when  thto  to  the  eaae,  it  becomes  the  daiy  of 
every  partner,  in  signing  papcA  far  tha  film,  to 
employ  the  exact  naaM  agreed  apo«.*  Thin 
may  be  accessary,  not  only  to  bind  the  firm 
itself,*  bat  also  to  prevent  the  paztaer  signini; 
from  incurring  a  petaonal  liability  both  to  third 
persona  and  to  his  copartners.*  So,  the  aamc 
which  a  partnership  assume,  ncogntoe,  and 

apuUiclT  nse.  becomes  the  legitimate  aame  and, 
le  of  the  firm,  not  lem  so  tbaa  if  it  bad  been 
gpted  by  the  articles  of  copaitaership,' and 
the  partner  haa  no  implied  aathority  to  Und 
the  firm  by  any  other  than  tha  fina-aame  thut 
acquired.*  whenfon,  when  a  fan  eoaaiated 
of  J.  B.  and  C.  H.,the  partnciahip  aaom  being 
J.  B.  only,  and  C.  H.  aoonted  a  bUl  in  the 
name  of  j.  B.  &  Co.,  it  was  held  that  J.  B.  was 
not  booad  thenby.' 

No  nxBD  Namb.  If  a  firm  have  ao  fixed 
name,  a  signing  bv  one,  in  the  name  of  Wmeelf 
and  campa<iy,  will  bind  the  partaenhto,'  aad  « 
note  in  the  name  of  one,  and  aigaed  by  him 
"  for  the  firm,"  etc.,- wiH  Uad  tbk  eaaqpmy.| 
When  the  barinem  of  a  firm  to  to  be  c|Ufried 

Vt  fcijB  lartaw  wha  psAnned  asrvlsm  itssBlNl  «p 


"*Bi%'.J 


,*Sf**' 


-•^^••»i;»:' a^^)»ss.Ti.  »%• "' 


iQ,a.|lh| 


a;T?»rii 


J. 

J-s 


,  ft  C.  MS:  «TMBt.mt;  a  B- 


TIm  name,  MjrW  or  title 
MmiMn  of  •  paitnmhip 

u  lynonynMMH  with  part 
di  "hooM,"  "ooncern," 
re  also  wad  in  the  tame 
«  in  point  of  law  conven 
e  only  to  the  pmoas  who, 
iccaiion  when  the  name  in 
of  the  finn.  A  fim  is 
legal  proceedingi  aa  cer- 
(  or  canying  on  bvaincu 
a  name,  itjrle,  and  im  of, 

namca  of  all  lk«  aiwabtn 
ppear  in  the  name  or  atyle 
IM  naaMB  of  oolj  a  part 
ditlon  of  "  and  oonpanjr " 
r  worda  (odicatlnK  a  pnr- 
M  partnera  in  the  biuineia  j* 

only  on*  of  the  paitnen, 
«,  ia  the  name  of  the  firm, 
ta  that  the  name  of  neitbei 
an  in  tha  atjda  of  the  firm. 
)f  the  Srm  ia  firaqoently 
I  paitnenhip  aitidevt  and 
lae,  it  baoomea  the  diiy  of 
ining  papci*  tat  tha  firm,  to 
laiM  Mi«ad  npon.*  Thi» 
not  only  to  bind  tha  firm 
prevent  tha  partner  ligning 
raonal  liability  both  to  third 
oopaitnera.*  So,  the  name 
ip  airama,  noogniie,  and 
ea  the  lecitiaaate  naiM  and 
t  lam  to  than  if  it  had  been 
idea  of  copnitiMnhip,'and 

implied  Mrthority  to  bind 
erthan  tha  fim-namathn* 
'ore,  wh««  n  firm  ooaaiited 
the  paitnenhip  name  being 

H.  aocept(Bd  a  bUl  in  the 
.,itwaBh«ldthatJ.  B.WU 

I.  If  a  finn  ham  no  fixed 
one.  in  tha  name  of  himmlf 
bind  the  pwtaanhh>,>  and  a 
af  one,  ud  ^inod  by  him 
'..,-wm  bind  ifia  eoaqiMy^ 
a  of  afirmia  toba«ptied 

■wwrtam  aar»iee§  ■•  iii^PB  ap 
Aw  (iMoMan  waaaM 


<imt,  tn^jTMaSk  imsllA 

oriXla.)  M9LJ*  ■•«»•"»! 
i  M.  4  KTaMt -sir-  - — -L 


PARTNERSHIP. 


SOI 


on  in  tha  name  of  B.  k  D.,  a  tlgnatore  of  a 
note  by  the  name*  and  tumamei  of  the  reiiiec- 
live  partie*  is  a  sufficient  signature  to  chartjc  the 
paitnenhip.^  Where  a  written  contract  is  made 
m  the  name  of  one,  and  another  is  •  surtt 
partner  with  him,  both  may  Ix  Hued  upun  it.' 

iNDlviDUAL'i  Name  csku,  etc.  Where 
INurtnera  agree  that  their  btuiness  shall  be  con- 
ilucted  in  the  name  of  one  periun,  whether 
himself  interested  in  the  partnership  bu^inens 
ur  not,  that  is  the  partnership  name,  and  the 
partnen  are  bound  bv  it.*  Where  that  name 
u  the  name  of  one  of  the  partncn,  and  he  does 
busineaa  also  on  hia  own  private  account,  a 
contract  signed  by  that  name  will  not  bind  the 
firm,  nnleu  it  afnean  to  have  been  entered 
into  for  the  firm ;  b  .t,  if  there  be  no  proof  that 
the  contract  wu  made  for  the  firm,  the  pre- 
sumption will  be  that  it  wu  made  by  the  part- 
ner en  hia  own  separate  account,  and  the  firm 
will  not  be  reaponsible.* 

IDVNTITV  OP  Namb.  Th^  !  UM  of  tha  firm 
should  be  distinct  from  the  ^ .  .ea  of  all  other 
firms.  When  there  is  confusion  in  thia  respect, 
the  partnen  compoaing  one  firm  may,  in  some 
cases,  be  nude  raqMosiUe  for  the  debts  of 
another.*  Merchanta  and  lawyen  have  diflTer- 
ent  notiona  respecting  the  nature  of  a  fL'm. 
Merc  wjuta  are  in  tha  habit  of  looking  upon  a 
firm  aa  a  bodydiatinct  from  the  members  com- 
posing h.'  The  law  looks  to.  the  par-  -s 
themaaltrca ;  a^iy  changa  among  them  d  ^ 
the  idantitjf  of  tha  firm;  what  is  calle...  . 
propor^  of  the  firm  ia  their  property,  and  wha> 
are  called  the  debta  and  Uabilitiea  nf  the  firm 
are  their  dobta  and  their  UaUUtiea.  In  point 
of  law,  a  partner  rimy  be  the  debtor  or  creditor 
of  hia  oopaitnen;  bat  he  cannot  be  either 
debtor  or  creditor  of  tha  firm  of  which  he  it 
himaelf  a  aaamber.* 

SMt  ia  Mm  Nmnu.  A  firm  can  neither  aue 
nor  be  aaed  otherwise  than  in  the  name  of  the 
portnan  compoaing  it.  Consequently,  no  ac- 
tion can  be  bronriit  by  the  firm  against  one  of 
iu  partnera,  nor  bv  one  of  ita  partnen  againtt 
it;  for  in  any  mch  action  one  penon  at  leatt 
would  appear  both  aa  nlahitiff  and  defendant, 
and  it  ia  oonaiderad  aoaord  for  any  person  to 
sue  himadf  avtm  in  fona.'  For  tha  aame  rea- 
soa,  on*  fina  cannot  bring  an  action  against 
another  if  thert  he  one  or  more  partnen  in 
both  firma.*  Wheaavar  a  firm  ia  apoken  of  by 
itt  name  or  aqrta,  the  cootU  admit  evidence  to 
show  what  pataona  djid  in  faxx  conttitute  the 
firm  at  the  time  in  question.* 


„-  .  -     >•  }<••    l-«  Ala.  t|4i   S  Watts.  414.     stt-ft 
Hin,  ^j   I  ^toio.  e>s,  471  (  481.     ts-8wry  Pan.  ) 


lin,    JM:      •    uwwv.    ^#9.    «7«.   9«i, 

■39!  CoUyw  Pan.  f  4X1,  oad  aoM;    s  ft^"-  »i_9 
Id.  ■74:   s  Diisr,  4M I   17  S.  *  R.  i«s:   5  Mas.  C.  C. 
5:  J  Par.  js);  •_Bqav,  " 


ory  I 
iJc. 


i;«!  J  Par.  jMt  ■  Bbav.  lost.  m.  ti^Httf.  n-Sc 
fooka  Cat.  t>:  7  Boat,  sio;  ■  Boil  <^oauB.lsdi  Ed. 
670;  )JiaitlaN.8.jf.    Aa  la  <ha  riglht  of  a  suivivia 


muuisr  ta  eony  oa  tha  basinwt  la  tlM 


n-Sce 

.-      ~  1.) 

suiviviag 

of  tha  finn, 


i^eli.  3>o;3*t  i  s  <MI.  ft  J.  4S7 :  Cottjor  Part.  {  ii;n. 
•4  TaaM-  1072  a  Bua.  «  F.  i        -  "  — 


laa,    t4  Tauat.  is;  4 


CkaMgt  im  Nam*,  ttt.  If  persona  trade  or 
cnrry  on  a  business  under  a  name,  style  or 
firm,  whatever  may  be  done  by  them  under 
lh.it  nnine  is  binding  as  much  as  if  real  names 
had  l>?en  used.*  Any  change  of  the  persons 
compooirig  a  firm  is  productive  of  a  new  lig- 
iiificution  of  the  name.  If,  therefore,  a  legacy 
\*  lel't  to  a  firm, -that  ia  a  legacy  to  those  who 
compose  it  at  the  time  the  legacy  veitta;*  and  if 
a  legacy  is  left  to  the  represeiaatives  bf  an  old 
firm,  it  will  be  payable  to  the  cxecuton  or  the 
survivon  of  the  partnen  constituting  the  firm 
alluded  to,  and  not  to  iti  successors  in  busi- 
ness.* Again,  en  authoriiy  given  to  a  firm  of 
two  partnen  canntjt,  it  wouk\  neem,  be  exer- 
cised by  them  and  a  third  penon  afterwards 
taken  into  partnership  with  them."  A  r.iine 
may  be  a  tiade-ma.x ;  and,  if  it  is,  the  use  of 
it  by  othen  wi)l  be  illegal,  if  they  pass  ihein- 
selvea  or  their  own  goods  for  the  firm  or  the 
goods  of  the  firm  whoae  name  is  made  use  uf.r 
Moreover,  if  thi.".  is  done  intentionally,  the 
illegality  will  not  be  affected  by  the  circum- 
stance that  the  imitators  of  the  trade-mark  are 
themselves  of  the  same  name  as  those  whose 
mark  they  imitate.* 

LIMITED  PARTNERSHIP. 

The  purpose  of  limited  partnership  is  to. 
enable  a  party  to  put  into  the  stock  of  a  firm  a 
definite  sum  of  mone^,  and  abide  a  responsi. 
bi'ity  and  share  a  profit  which  shall  be  in  pro- 
portion to  the  money  thus  contributed,  and  no 
more.*  Partnerships  of  this  kind  are  wholly 
unknown  to  the  common  law,  and  are  author- 
ized and  regulated  only  by  statute.  See  Gen- 
eral Statutes. 

I.  Tile  name  or  firm  under  which  the  part- 
nenhip  business  is  to  be  conducted. 

a.  The  general  nature  of  the  businem  to  b« 
transacted. 

3.  The  namea  of  all  the  general  and  spe- 
cial partnen  interetted  therein;  distinguishing 
whicli  are  general  partnen  and  which  are  tpe. 
ciai  partnen,  and  their  respective  placca  of 
residence. 

4.  The  amount  of  the  ca|rital  stock  whicK 
each  apecial  partner  shall  have  contributed  to 
the  common  stock. 

5.  The  period  at  which  the  ^tnenhip  it  to 
commence,  and  the  period  when  it  will  termi- 
nate. 

Such  certificate  must  be  acknowledged  by 
the  tevenl  persons  signing  the  same,  before 
some  officer  authorised  l^  law  to  take  the 


Maub  ft  S.  M  i  ■  Kota.  Rolls,  a«, 
•.7:3C.|*.«6  -  "^  "- 
Ir.  4*.    srSee  t  Ke 


s  Compb.  $4S: 


_  -  CMlty  Baitm. 
Hay*  ft  S.  Exch. 


Keen  Rolls,  ass ;  aMylne  ft  C.  jot  ,  7 

iBtitfi.  N.  ft  C.  aoi;  set  4  Ad.  &  E 
a.  ui.  Ill :  7  Hars  Ch.  jst ;  4  Vat.  CI    ' 
Rolls.tMi4KayftJ.Ci1.  747.    n-is 

i  ponatnhlp,  ha  who  had  any  iattntt 


De  (ita.  M.  ft  < 

Partn.  i<6.    x-4 1  

48a;  t«  8iin.  Ch,  iai7  7  Hart  Ch.  ■ 
y-aKetnT  -      .  .  j 

KolU.  aof:  )  m  uu.  aa.  ft  u.  B90.  w^ttt  tilt  com- 
BMM  law  of  paitanshlp,  ha  who  had  any  iattntt  ia  tht 
stoek  aad  raotivtd  any  aroDoitloB  of  dMs  proCta,  ia  a 
panntr,  and  m  ladi  U  Habit,  «a  MAUa.  far  lh«  wliolt 
aebtt  of  iha  arm.  And  awn  Jetnl  atock  companict, 
Withoat  incorporation,  are,  aa  to  all  purposta  of  liaUlity, 
like  coawMi  MitatnUpa.  »  Mai"*,  jotj  t  Uuk« 
(Iowa)  9<9;  7>tad.  54a:  4S.  ft  R. »«. 


,:;,! 


S<fl 


PARTNKRSniP— PATENTS. 


ftcknowlMlgment  of  iltada ;  and  luch  acknowl- 
cdgmcnt  muiit  be  mada  and  certified  In  I  he 
manner  provided  by  law  for  (ha  acknowleilg- 
mcnl  of  decdi  for  the  conveyance  of  land.  See 
Ukniral  Statutu. 
FMrtaanlily  CortlflMU*  mMI  A«ka*«l> 

We,  the  un4eraigna4,  A.  B.,  C.  D.,  and  B.  F., 
and  O.  M.,  aa  aartnera  under  the  pama  (*r  Arm) 

af  B.  A  D.,  will,  an  the  4ay  ef ' ,  com- 

anancalhe  bualnaaaef  (t«r# «**/«« ^m«rit/iM/«># 

»^  tik*  huintii  I*  t*  IrmHtaeUd),  and  on  the 

day  of ,  aald  partMrablp  will  terminate. 

The  namea  of  tha  gonaral  partners,  and  their 
reapeetlve  plaeea  af  realdanca,  are  aa  followa  i  A. 

B., , •aunti',  ttata  of ;  C.  D.,  — , 

'—  county,  State  or-^— . 

Tha  namea  of  tha  apaaiat  partnare.  and  their 
reapeetlve  plaeaa  of  raaldenae,  are  aa  followa :  B. 

F.,  — ,  —  couaty,  Btata  of (  and  O.  H., 

— ,  —  county.  Btata  of—. 

Tha  amount  of  aapltal  which  each  of  aald  apa> 
elal  partnera  haa  aentributad  to  tha  common 
ttoeh  of  aald  partaarahip  la  aa  feUowat  B.  F., 
-  —  dollara. aaSo.  H.. --- dolIatB.  A.  B. 

CD. 

n. 

For  fona  of  AcKMOwiaaammr,  les  dwi  tide,  aau. 
AflktotrM. 

r#  t*  tiUtrttd  M  </!«  AkA  Y  ^>*'*iM'^  ¥  f»r*»*r- 

Itate  of—,  —  aonaty,  aa. 

A.  B. ,  halng  duty  awora,  aaya,  that  ka  la  ana  of 
tha  aeneral  partaara  af  the  wlthln-namad  part- 
nerahlp,  and  that  tha  aaieuBt  af  money  eoatrlb- 
nted  by  aaah  af  the  wtthUMUMiad  apairial  part- 
aara ta  tha  Mmmaaalaak  tharaof  la  aa  faliewai 

B.  F., 4Suara,0.H., dallarai  which  aaM 

ameunta  have  baea  oetnalbr  and  ta  food  ftdth 
coatrlbutad  and  appHad  to  tbe  aama.        A.  B. 

■ubacribad  Md  awof*  la  baltra  aM,thla— - 
day  of  — ,  A.  D.  — — . 

J.  r.,  >lMw  ¥tk$  Ptmcr. 
PMr«iM««lil|K-Xw«l«»  mt  Ti>—  t. 

Notlaa  ta haraby throiitiiat  A.  B., a D., and  B. 

J'.,  and  O.  H.,  aa  partaara,  <    4ar  tlM  name  («r 
rai)of  B.  A_D.tWlU,«M|tba-— da^oC— ^,eom- 

w 


nnn/ wi  ^.  ai  «#*fl  WIN, aa  tha  '  —     _^ 

maaea  tha  huilneaa  ar  •—  — .  aM  an  tha 
r  af — aaldaaiwuiablpwUI  lanalnau. 
I  af  tha  geaara 


and  their 


raapaetlva  plaaaa  af  laaltfaaaa.  ora  aa  mUawtt  A. 
B.,  — ,  — -  aoaater,  Mata  if  —-%  C.  D.,  — — , 
.— eaaaty,  BliM  af — . 
Tha  aaaaaa  rf  t^  njilal  fartaataj^ffd  Mi^r 

raapactsva  plaaaa  ai  faMaaaaa,  ara  aa  aMawa  x  B. 
P.,  — -•  -—  eaaaty,  t^ta  m  •p>—i  as4  •.  H., 


,      * caaatyiBtata at  >     • 

Tha  anMMat. ail'SaeafHal wMak aaek <*r aaid 
apaeial  uitrfaara  baa  aaambttlad  y»  tha  aanataa 
atoab  a?  aaM  (partaeeaUp  to  aa  nUowai  B.  F., 
—  dellara,  and  O.  H.,       deMara. 

Date .  JO^^ii/itraaAtM  MtfdML] 

XPmUUk  ttx  wfiki  «ac(aMAw4'-J 

p.  p.,  betaa  duly  a«Mn»,-aMa,  that  ha  to  tba 

g later  of  (fr,  Is  ia  the  employ  ofP.  P.,  Om  printer  of) 
1  — >•  ——.a  newapaaar  pttbHahad  la  aad  af 
fanaratdretdatfon  InaaMoaaatyi  aM  that  tba 
natleit,  af  whieh  tha  aaaaaad  to  a  traa  aany,  waa 
pabHahad  fcr  —  uaaaaamWa  wartd  tt  aald 
atiwapapar,  aaauaaadag  aa  tha  — >  dap  ^--— • 


J?.». 


dayaf . 


■wvni  w  o^mv  ■■■*  bhiv 


SIptdtmn  mmdSmi.] 
•ffMaaaiat 


Tha  pattaaiahlp  haralaMMa  « 
aanta  af  B.  ft  O.,  wbaralB  A. 
county.  Btata  af  — ,  aad  0.      . 
aavnty,  Blala  af -^,  wara  naaral  aartaara,  at.d 
B.  P.,  of  — «  —  caafttFi  atata  or  •— %aad  O. 

b-34  Bsr^ 
M  Peon.  St.  144. 


Sti.   •^jKentCoaua.i*]  |DMto,435: 


M. ,  nf . eaunty,  Btata  af - 

psrintrs,  Is,  this day  mi  — 

eoivsd  by  mutual  coaaent. 


— ,wereapoclat 
A.  D.  --Tdls 
A.  B. 


L-; 


The  atrclrn  ef  the  Arm  wtll  ba  a^luatad  by  C. 

D.,at ,  etc. 

[/WAfA  tU  w*ki  imttfiiimtf.l 

For  a  debt  owing  by  all  the  partnan,  general 
and  Rpccial,  in  a  limited  partnanhip,  a  luit  i> 
well  brought  againat  tha  general  partnera  alone  \ 
and  a  judgment  and  execution  in  tuch  euii. 
levied  upon  the  partnership  property,  will  bind 
tha  cntira  intereai  of  all  the  partner*.* 

Actions  ry  and  against  a  Limitio  Pabt- 
NMSiitp.  bjiecial  partners  ar«  nat  \\M(t  fox 
the  debts  of  the  partnership  beyond  the  amount 
of  funds  contributed  bv  them  ranactively  to 
tha  common  stock,  and  all  snma  vt  them  re- 
ceived, withdrawn,  or  divided,  wiu  intarast 
thereon  from  tha  lima  when  thay  ware  so  with- 
drawn or  divided,  if  they  comply  with  tha  re- 
strictions of  the  law.  If  tbay  do  not  thay  be- 
came general  partners,  and,  as  such,  ara  liable, 
M  ulult,  for  the  whole  debts  of  tha  Arm.* 


Munirra,  ' 


Konat  CoM- 


Gs^ 


VavtaHMMs.  Sa«  UaaicAi  tAw. 
rartjr.  Saa  Biua,  Boma.     «o  Ki 
TaAcrs.  arc. 
9ma%w  W*lla.  Sas  Raat.  FaonoRT. 

faaa  aaali.  Baa  Accouwia. 
Paaaaaoaea.   Sas  Baiuni 
Hen  of." 

PaattsMM.  See  Ka*i.  PaoraaTT. 
PATBBTB.  SeaCorvBioMTaiCoiinucTaiCoM- 

VBVAMCaS. 

Any  parson  who  has  invtnted  or  diaoovared 
any  new  and  aseAtt  art,  machina,  maaafactnre, 
or  compoaitioB  of  matter,  or  any  new  and  use- 
ful improvemant  thereof,  not  kaoim  nor  iHcd 
by  others  in  this  conntir,  dad  not  pataatad  or 
described  in  any  printed  pnhUcatioii  fa  tfak  or 
any  foreign  cooatrr,  belbra  Ml  invantioo  or  dis- 
covery thereof  ana  not  fa  pnbUe  nsa  or  on  sale 
for  more  than  two  yaais  pnor  to  Ul  «|)|dioalion 

i unless  tha  same  u  prowd  to  hava  Mea  abaa- 
oncd),  mmr,  upon  paymat  of  tha  ftas  raqnircd 
by  law,  and  oUiar  one  ptooaadiiigs  had,  obtain 
a  patent  therafer.  Sea  ^tkXVtU,  and  Ruus 
or  PkAcncB,  balow. 

Rtvittd  SmuIu  mtlMijftfArtfhtMMOmfmi, 
Affrtvtd  frnu  n,  1S74.  {At  AmmJu  h 
Att  tf  Cmgrm  Afpmti  Amgmit  x^Uffi.) 

Abandaanseat  hfAdnr  af  tara  fam 
averted  wbaa  Cemmlaatoasr  to  aalla. 

dSM 


ntoelaaerfaii 
aaavaMahla 


•edttatdalMfWi        <  .       -. 
ef  appMaOaa  by  dalap  af  twa 

Actlan  far  telHaBaasaat .       .       .      '. 


Admtatotntar  or  eaeai 

aath,wliea 
AHen  may  Bta  eaaoat  after 


asaka 

psar'a 

Ameadmeat fai ileaae  sJkdl aat iirtral 
daee  aew  aaatier         .... 
Aaaual  reMtt,snaa  asada  aad  what 

tacaamft       -      • 

Appeal  Hwm  beard 

«5ef .      ... 

faim  oggjinlaei  af 

made  of  procsedtng 

twenty  asqra  allowed  ta  caaa  of  ia> 

terfwaBce 


mi 


m^X^ 


^1 


Ijr,  Mat*  mt'—,^f  mmUI 

-  day  of ,  A.  D.  — iTdU 

•■Mat  A.  >• 

D. 

r. 

H. 

Ilnii  win  k«  a^uMM  by  C. 

I  hf  ail  ihe  pMtncn,  general 
Billed  pMtnenblp,  a  lull  i» 
t  the  general  pMlnim  alone , 
ind  execution  in  tuch  tuii, 
rtnetnhip  property,  will  binU 
>f  all  Ihe  putnen.* 

I  AOAINST  A  LiMITID  PART- 

parlnen  are  n«t  Ub^b  for 
Inenhipbeyood  the  amount 
td  bv  them  rapectivclir  to 
,  ana  all  taiiM  DV  them  re- 
,  or  divided,  wita  ialeratl 
■M  when  thejr  were  to  with- 

if  they  oomHy  with  the  re- 
r.  If  they  do  not  they  be- 
er*, and,  aa  rach,  are  luUc, 
hole  debu  of  the  fan.* 

a,  Bonaa.     >«i>  Menai  Com- 


Im  Rbml  r»onBTV. 

Aocoume. 
H  B*iun» 


lumRS,  "CeaMaa  Car- 

■At  Paoramr. 

CoraaoMTai  Cownueiat  Con- 

haa  invented  or  diaoovared 
i  art,  raschine,  m«wfactare, 
matter,  or  any  new  and  me- 
liereof,  not  kaown  aor  mcd 
»uan,tmA  Botpaltaled  or 
rinted  pHhUeatioa  b  Ob  or 
,  befcte  Ua  iaventioo  or  db- 
Bot  in  Mbik  «aa  or  oa  lale 
reait  prior  to  hk  BppUeatkm 
I  proved  to  have  baea  afaan- 
paymaat  of  the  feea  raqaircd 
sue  proooediagi  had,  obtain 
See  STATtrm,  aad  Rtnjts 

IV. 

la,  1S74.    (At  AmmJMl  tf 

Affifimi  Auftut  i  J,  wyo.) 

•lay  ef  wv  yeata 
iwfaalaaarjaaalla» 
auaavoMaHa 
by  4afa^oJr  twa 


a  aMke 

at  after  mam  jmt'u 
latallna  . 
Mawluiaait 


I  of 


)( latarfcfencee 

ting  .      . 

>wa4  ia  caae  of  la> 


4P« 


mi 


^xt 


mmmtm'mm 


mmmm 


^mm 


PATSNT8. 


Apaeal  f  CemmlMlonar  from  eaam> 
iiMre-in-cnl«r  . 
to    •Mniln«ra>ln-ahief    from    •■! 

amlnef  of  lattrfareiiaea 
to  •■•mlnara-ln-chiaf  after  aacend 


Bw. 


to  fcprame  Court,  Diotfiet  of  Co^ 

Appljcaat.  eath  of,  bororo  whom  taken 

ahall  be  neilAad  of  iaierfWronee     . 

ApDilcalteo,  abaadonmanl  of,  by  tfaiay 

Of  two  yoar*  ■       .       .       . 

for  patant,  what  lo  contain    . 

raay  be  made  by  •aocuter  or  ad- 

mlnlatrator 
w.uat  be  cempUtad   within  two 
jrtara 

"■•IfS  ^  "^"^  *•  *y  Inventor,  1^ 


Su^KI 


OT 


Uvlaa 
or 

-HOI-..., .___.     . 

IcU  patantad  moat  be  a*  marked 


right  oTpare'haaer  bofere 
rtntmenta,  bow  made 


Aaalcoment  by  laatrumont  In  wriUna' 
muat  be    re*«rdad  witbia  three 
mentha 

^"SSL*    Cem'"ilarton«,  bow' apl 


aalar^  of 

■^••-•i&cUr^!'  •"'"  •'-'•• 

CMreat,  eny  ettlian  who  deelrae  time 
ehall  be  tied  la  eoaUentlal  ar- 


chive 
when  laterfbrln 


maat  be  com^ 


when  laterfbrlnc  maat  be  ( 
Certtfcate  of  eopyrlght  (Chapter 
?g!!i!l»'**^  Irade^maiii     ." 

of  trade  mark  fa  be  eWdoiioa 
-     ha   Aumlahed   to   Supreme 
"taappeala    .       .      .      . 
MMd  la  the  clerk'e  oMce  of 
___J  Watee  courta 

<m  f—d  to  evidonea     .      .      . 

CWgdwfcaatonref 

SSiftJSWtoejwef 
^Siii&f.i'lSSLZS^  may  «mi: 
"-^TmlaSSaaSr  aiinaaf  *****  * 

"  Cmwt,  netrlet  ef  & 

la  Interibnaeo 
•      •      •      • 


-•-— -      .j^d  deelde  la  irtenaloa 


-=i?**  '!!?!4  *•»•«•  which  oaai 
aatbaa.lawIM  trado^mark .      . 
Jjltatratioa  of  labala 

:--■  pateuta 
kremflattana   .      . 
k  nflea  Ibr  taUng  teeH. 
•      •      .      .      . 

or'attkookatreeMdal 

of  eeOaetlona  of  eal 
mien .... 


^ 


4aes 

477 
4tiS 

47t 


CommlMlenar  to  nraacribcraguiatlona 
in  fliinc  traoa-mariia 
to  report  annually  10  Congraaa 
10  auparlntand  grant  of  palania  un- 
dar  diraetlon  of  toeratary  of  the 
Interior     ... 
Compoaltlon  of  matter,  apaclmana  of 
4*»N|i4      .  ingradlanta  may  be  raqulrtd 

Contravta     for     llthographlni,     how 

awarded  .... 

Copyright,  artlclaa  protactad  by,  muat 

b«  marked  (Chapter  joi,  1174 ,    . 

conauuetlon  of  atatuta  (Chapter 

301,  it74)   ....". 

fea  for  recording (Cheptar  joi,  iIti) 

what  may  be  proteetea  by  (Chapter 

Sei.ilM)  ■       .       .       .       .       . 

Countarfaitlng  trada-marh,  penalUee 
(act  Attguat  14,  il}«)      .... 
Damagaa  cannot  be  receverad  unleae 
derandaat  haa  bean  aotlAed  of  In- 
fringemeat      .... 
far  InMngemant,  how  obtained     . 
Deelalen  of  Commlaalenar,  appeal  from  ami 
I>eeignpattnta,aatanalonor:       .       .  "^ 
aubjeet  to  aame  prevleioae  ea  ether 

patenm 

(or  what  granted       .... 
Oe^ne,  term  of  patent  for  .       . 
DtoburaemanM,  by  diaburaing  clerk  o^ 

Interior  Depertment,  all 
Dlaclalmer,abctof       .       .       . 
how  Alad 
muat  bo  aied  liialbre  co'mmencel 

^_      meoiefettlt 

Divteloa  of  patent  en  relaaue . 
Draftamaa,  akiUed,  aaUry  of  . 
Drawlac  aad  apedftcation  ahall  ba 

attaehed  to  patent  aa'part'of  apecW 

Acatiea     ....       . 
how  algned  and  wltneeaed 
In  relaaue  ehall  net  be  amende  ea- 

^       cept  by  model 

Drawlnge  and  epMiacatioae,  bow  eup. 
piled  to  pubUc  Hbrartee       .      .      , 
to  be  printed 

eomtoiof.ealary      .... 

■"•"[■•tt^Jlppllcaot  ehai  ka  ao. 

tlAedof  N^leetion  OB    .... 

jareieeaaapplleattoaa     .      .      . 

laa^tfeatloB*«Ke>teBeUa  .       . 

tewmade  of  alleged  laventloa    . 

Biamiaer,  BrM  ueletant.  ealary  of     . 

In  eliarga  of  laterfcreaeea      . 

duty  or. 

of  trado-marha,  ealary  af.      . 
Pfioelpal.  ealary  of   .      .      .       . 
to  report  la  eateaeloa  eaaee    . 
eecondaaeletaat,  ealary  or     . 
.    tbMaeei8teBt.Mlaryor'      .       . 
Baamlnera-la^bier.dtttieeo/      .       . 
howappoiated  .... 

IffiJy'S?"^-*'^''*''      • 
B>»mlaafa  aaay  be  eumaaoaed  aa'witii 


Ut 


4*i 


4«I9 


4MI 
4M3 

4ni 


4917 

4*17 

4t«; 

4a» 


9 

4fi7 

xiS 

4 

4|i> 

440 

4» 


47« 

dfs 


dsf 

X 


440 


4fr7 


<n 

4«« 

4M 

la 


Bxam^ary  damagee* 
■jf^Jg^'MVttwttoo  Ibr.  maet  be 

appHeattMi  Ifer.  reflMTOi' to  avlal 

Maaloaamlner       .... 

•_Jfl?****?L'!f' ••»»  be  nmorded 

Bateaatoa,  evldeace  for  and  againet. 

■Iwll  be  heardby  CemmlaaioMr     .' 

of  patent,  eakct  of    ... 

iB****  """^^  ''tor  to  March  e, 
efbrade^ma^k    '.'.'.'.', 

"oMiarTaSrrs'r- ?••"*•"* 
.  ■SJSicSiJS'a?*  •!  ■««"»,p"^ 

Foefcr  regtalerlag  label  (Chapter  sai; 
••wi  • 


"12 

47» 

49*1 
4919. 49*t 

49*4 

49*e 

49»7 

49*7 
49*7 

49*4 
S 


fATENTS. 


V«M.  ainount  af 

hew  paid 

lo  wlta«M  In  laMrfartnca  catas     . 

rinal  taa.ir  nal  paid  within  ■!■  meniha, 

patani  wlihhaM  '.  -      .' 

Poraign  aalant,  ta  glva  data  to  Amari- 

can  pabnl,  whao  .  . 

irada-aaarh,  ta  limit  duratian  •! 

Amarlaan 

uaa  na  bar  ta  f  rant  af  patant . 
Porfallad  apaUaaUan,  raoawal  of . 
l.irrlnaamaBl.aatloaror.       . 
ortrada-mark.  paaaHy  for 
plaa  and  apaatal  mattara  to   ba 

lijunctiaaa  mw  ka'irontad  by  caurt 
having  Juriadiatloa       .  _,  .       .  ,   • 

I  ntarfaroaaa,  appUaut  ahall  ba  noUAad 
of ., 

I  ntarfaring  Mtaaia.  how  aat  aaldtt 

Labal,  Am  iSr  roflialratlon  of  (Chaptar 

Labala  ^kMtar  tat ,  il74i 

Laborar,  akOM,  aalarf  af  • 

Librarian,  aali«y  af 

Mbtary       .      . 

MaahlBlat,aalaryor  .    ^. 

Marina  anglaaa,  patantad,  mual  ba  rac- 
ammaiMladbyboarJof  anglnaara    . 
Maaaancar  and  pwahaalng  elarb,  aal- 

MoSaUa  raiaana  ahail  not  ba  amandad 


4W1 


aaeapt  by  drawing       , 
lodal^ooaa,  attandaaia  w 


4tit 
T 


4fM 


n: 

44» 

>S37 


49i« 


Priority  of  Invanllon   datarmlnad  kf 
ptlinaiy  «ii«mlii»r  .     •  ■    .  ^ 

Public   Ubrarlaa,  hew   auppllad   with 
coplaa  of  apaclflcallona  and  drawlnga 

PurchaMr  not  llabia  for  Infrlngamanl 
on  artlcia  mada  prior  ta  applUallon  . 

Purchaaing  elarb  and  maaaangar,  aal- 
ary  of 

Racorda  of  patanta    .  .        ■ 

Ra-aavmlnallon  to  bo  mada  alwr  Arat 
rajactlon.  If  daalrad       .... 

Ralaauo  application  muat  ba  aworn  '.a 

by  Invantor  In  paUnu  granlad  ainct 

Julyl,il70      .  ... 

by  raaaon  of  dafactlvo  apaalAcallon 

for    unaaplrad    tarm    af    original 

patant  .        . 

Ralaaua  may  ba  grantad  ta  aaaignaa, 
whan 

Ralaaua  patant  ta  cantaln  no  naw  mat- 
tar     ,     • 

Ralactad  appllaallona,  raaawal  af        . 

Reaction,  apfUaant  ahaU  ba  ootiaa^ 
af  raaaona  far 

Ranawal  of  farfattad  appllaaUan  . 

Raport  to  Coograaa,  wbaa  and  what 
ta  contain 

RavUad  tututaa,  acamad  rigbia  n- 

aarvad  undar 

acta  af  Umlutlan  not  alTaetad  by  . 
arrangamant  and  claaalAsatlaa  of . 
do  not  rapaal  acta  paaaad  ainaa 


4WIS 

1 


4»» 


Modal-toom 

tobabaptopfL 

Medal  ahalllM  nrnlahad  If  raqnlrad    . 

Madala  In  daaign  eaaaa  may  ba  dla- 

panaadwith   ..'... 

In  rajactad  appUeatlona  may  ba  ro> 

turaad 

rajaetad,  may  ba  dlapoaad  of  . 

apaeimaaa,  aw.,  haw  arraogad      ^ 

Manay  paid  by  mlauha,  haw  rafkmdad 

racaivad  to  ^  paid  lata  Traaaury  . 

Oath,  In  trada-maru      .... 

mada  by  aaacutor  or  admlBlatrawr 

In  eaaa  af  dacaaaa  af  lavantar    . 

of  applicant,  bafora  wl^om  takaa  . 

what  to  cevar  and  by  whom  ad- 

mtnlatarad 

omeara  and  amptayaaa  n«t  to  acqolro 

lataraat  in  patantt        .... 

Papara,  badly  wrttton,  prlnlad  at  coal 

of  party  AUng  •.     •    .  • 

PaMnt*agaot,  punlahmant  by  Cammla- 

•Conar  au^act  to  approval  of  Ratra 

PaMM,'a  Mlntad  daacripiloa'bafa  tha 

grant  of 

Patont,  dnratloa  of 

far  what  grantad       .... 
Ibr^ga  iiaa  no  )Mr  to  |f«M  of 
OAca,  la  DaMurtmaafaf  Intarlor  . 
M  ba  wlihhald  (or  Daa-paqrmaat  of 

aaalfaa 

to  baar  dato,  whan  .... 
to  aaplf*  at  aama  tima  wHh  fctaiga 
what  to  contain .  ■      •_  • 

Patanta,  amployaaa  of  Patoat  Oflka 
not  to  aoqiOra  mtaraat  la     .      .      .  ala 

haw  laauad,  attaaiad  and  tacordad  4M1 

may  ba  grantad  to  aaalfnaa    .  4IM 

ahall  baeeuntaraicBad  by  tha  Co0i*  „ 

miaatoaar 4N1 

ahaU  ba  alaiMd  1^  tha  Ragratary  of  „ 

/       tbabitMfcir «••■ 

Patontad  articla  muat  ba  markad . 
Pataataa  ahall  ba  netiaad  of  latarfer- 

aaea ■ 

Penalty  tot  dneeptiva  marking  af  «n- 

pataotad  artlala 

fbr  fUaa  ragiatratlaa  of  tmda-mark 
Prlntodiataimaefearrantiaaaaamaybo 
lawa.  daciaiana,  ragulatidna,  and 
elrralam  may  ba  .... 
papara  not  lagtMX  wqritlaB  to  ba  . 
"--■*-"• Idnwiaai  may  ba 


4ra 


4MS 

4M7 


1» 


Docambair  1,  itn 

tunwhi 


imanto  undar  . 


panaltlaa  and  pua 
rapoal  pravlatooa 
what  to  ambraea  ... 

Royalty  aot  to  ba  paid  to  United  Stotoa 
omcOTO  (or  uaa  of  tprlngftald  brooch- 
loading  eyatom      .       .       •       .       • 
Rulaa  for  tohlng  uatlmony,  Cammla- 

ataner  to  aataMlah 
Real  of  PaWBt  Ofltea  .    ^. 

•pacUteatlaa  and  drawlnf  ahall  be 

partafpatoBt 

4elbenve,  reiaaue  to  correct    . 
In  lelaaaa  may  ba  amaAded  on  mil- 

flelent  proof 

ehall  be  Migned  and  wltoaeeed 
•peciAeatiane  and  drawlnge,  bow  eup- 
pSadto  pubHe  Ubrarlaa       .       .       . 
and  drawlnga,  aale  of 
acl  drawlaia  to  be  pttated    . 
and  drawlnga,  unceMRed,  priea  of 

aiclmena,  may  be  re^^red  wbea     . 
tuto.  caaatnwtlaa  of,  ia  aopyrigbl 
(Chapter  gM,  i>74)        .... 
RtotutM,  Reytaad.  what  to  embrace    . 
■ttpreme  Court.  DIatrlet  mt  Cotambia. 

appeal  to 

may  raviae  decliiOBa  of  Caaiml»- 

afonef 

•arrender  of  old  patent  to  take  aRbel 

OH  mImim        ..■•*# 

Trade-aMrk,  certittcato  f«««Hr«d  la  Rl* 

ccrtMed  e«ptaa  ta  be  cMdMa** 
Commlaalaaer  to  preawlba  fK 

tiane  far  Ming  ... 
duration  af 

flMi-almile  to  be  teglaloreA 
Ibelnllwf  .  •     ^ 

former  righto  nt  law  preaaryed 
fraudutenUy  leglatorad,  to  loa 

liable  lor  daiMgea  .... 
bow  eatondad     ■       •   .  •      •    . 
In  «ae  viider  act  July  t.  i«|a,  aMy  h* 

tecordatf  free  under  preaaatrslaa 
paaattylbrcajmtorMttac  .  . 
preteciian  allarda^by  ■  ...._: 
rtghwatcammao  law  BalabsMCas 

IwetaMto 
unuwftti  or  fraadulaitt,  aot  pi*> 

tected  .... 

what  may  be  a  lawAil       .   _.       • 

wba  may  obtain  pretectloa  ftr 

Trade-marka,  accampawylag     " 

tiaa  nadar  a** 


4ti 


440 

47J 
4*>3 


4*«] 
49>« 

«'• 

4«W 

X 

4t4 
SM7 

SMS 

1*73 

::» 

4«i 
4fi 
4f> 


W-W* 


.    » 
4 

I 

S 

I 

I 

II 


) 

II 

I 

! 


ffmh 


4«<*rnilna4  ky 

'  tH^plM  with 
in*  and  drawings 
tor  Infrlngcmant 
t  M  appllcalton . 
maaaangar,  aal> 


mada  ^ttM  ArM 

luai  ba  aworn  ^o 
lUgraatad  ainct 

Ufa  apaaillcatlon 
irm    «f    original 


lad  to  I 

lalM  no  Jmw  mux- 

,  ranawal  of       > 
ahaU  k*  noUfta^ 

araltcotiloo  • 
whaa  and  what 

aniad  rlgbw  ro^ 

■•t  affiMtad  by  . 

ClMSlAsatlOB  of . 

Bto  fmnA  aloaa 
Ukmtata  u»4or  . 


ItoUnltadStatas 
^Bgftald  brooab- 

liBionjr,  Commla- 

mwing  'ab*l>  bo 

to  corroct    • 
MBsMod  OB  aul- 


•winft,  bow  vt.f' 

irfaw 

loof      .       .       . 

iMMM,  «rliM  of 
•«|iilro4  wBOM 
I  of,  la  cofyrlgbl 

boitooMbrMO   '. 
rtet  of  Cohimbte. 

doM  of  CoMnilo^ 

Mat  to  ttko  oilMt 

Mo  n«tt*ro4  ia  IW 

1m«M4om*' 
Vrowriho 

)|tot«r«4* 
■wprooMVotf 


4«> 

4H« 

440 
471 

4»>3 

4NJ 
4«i6 

«"• 

4«W 

% 

4t4 
SM7 

3£S 

ski 

SM* 
MM 

••73 


JS 


4tl«-««« 


•lyl.ityo,aMybo 
Mar  MMU 


sdar  MMooti 


raloa 

itew'iioiobvUtai 

Bdttiam,  'oot'pm^ 
.      •      • 
iwftil  • 

protactloB  Ibc 
ivaayiag   — * 


PATINTS. 


4*47 
4fil 


t«7» 

4l»i 

4»^ 


fliiMitt. 
rfada-fiiarh*,MnaltlaaWaooaur<MV 
ing,  ata.  (aaf  Mai<h  %,  iMi) 
rulaa  far  traaafar  M  aoalatai  lo  law 

•f  aofvrlgliia 

Unltad  Stalaa  aourta  may  graat  la- 

Junalloaa 

la  hava  aartMad  aoftoo  of  ail  ao*- 

ants 

Unllad  Mala*  oMcara  aal  in  raaalv* 
royalty  for  tprlogftaUl  braaab-load- 

Ing  ayatam  

Unpalantad  artlala,  oaaaity  fer  daaap- 

llvamarb  .       . 

Wtinaaa,  fao*  of,  in  intarfaranca  caaoo 
io  latarfcranaa  aummonad  by  aiarh 

of  Ualtad  Stalaa  aourta 
wbaa  la  aootampt     .... 

oMtAwiBATi**  mw  rmM  rATwrr 

Tillo  XI.  Rav.  8UI.,  •.  440^  p.  74. 

Thora  (hall  bo  In  Ibo  dopartmont  of  tht  In- 
iirior — In  tho  palent-oflico  1 

Una  chlof  clark,  at  a  aalwry  uf  two  thouMnd 
two  hundrtd  and  fifty  dollan  a  vaar. 

Ono  OMUbiner  in  dMno  of  InlorCnmcot,  at 

•  (alary  of  two  thooMiMl  ttvo  handrad  doUan  a 
year. 

Ono  oumincr  in  chargo  of  tnulo-nMurlw,  at  a 
(alary  of  two  ihouMnd  tiro  kwodrod  and  filiy 
dollan  a  year. 

Twontv-two  princi|wl  aaaaiaan,  at  a  lalary 
nf  two  thoasand  fivo  hnadrod  dollan  a  yaar 
each. 

TwatUy-two  knU.  awiatant  •saminoia,  at  a 
(alary  of  on*  ihouaand  ol^t  haadred  dollan 

•  year  aaih. 

Twcnwtwo  4«oond  aaaistaat  exaainor*,  at  a 
•&lary  of^ont  thouaaad  lis  hundrod  dollan  a 
year  each. 

Twaniy-two  third  aaaiMant  txaaincn,  at  a 
(alary  of  ono  IkoHMad  four  handrad  dollan  a 
year  oach. 

One  Hbrarian,  at  a  lalary  of  cm  dMMaad 
eight  handrtd  dollan  a  yaar. 

Ona  nacbiniM,  at  a  Mlary  of  ona  dMuaad 
(ix  hundrad  dollan  a  yaar. 

Thna  akilM  diaathtMaan.  at  a  lalary  of 
nae  thooM^id  two  handrad  dollan  a  yaar  «ach. 

Thirty-llva  coniita  of  drawings,  at  a  lalary 
»f  ona  thooaand  doUan  a  yaar  aadi. 

Ona  mananMr  and  pardiadag  ehrli,  at  a 
(alary  of  ona  thoaand  doUan  a  yaar. 

Ona  ikillad  laborar,  at  a  aalary  of  ooa  thou- 
sand two  handrad  doDan  a  yaar. 

Ei|)it  attendant!  in  tht  nodel-RmB,  at  a 
(alaiy  of  one  thonaand  dollan  a  year  eadi. 

Eight  attendants  in  the  nMdcl-iwM,  at  a 
(alaryof  nine  handrad  d<4lan  a  yaar  each.* 

Sk.  473/ Ttwi*  ihnU  beinWdepHt- 
ment  of  the  interior  an  oOce  known  as  the 
patent  oAee,  whera  all  records,  bodis,  models, 
drawings,  ipeciRcatiocs,  and  other  papan  and 
things  pntaining  lo  patents  shall  ha  saMy  kept 

and  DnaaarvMl.S 


Sac.  f ySri^m  shall  be  CiOM^Itent  office 
a  commisslower  of  patents,  one  siristanT  com- 


r.(w.  o-id. 


mlwlonar,  and  Ihrto  aiamlnon-in-chlef,  who 
(hall  b«  amxiinlad  by  Iha  |>rcalilanl,  l>y  and 
Milh  Ihn  aJvica  and  con(«nlol'  ih*  (onala.  All 
iHher  officara,  cl*rk(,  and  employaaa  aulhorl«Ki 
l>y  law  for  the  offico  ihall  bo  afipolniad  by  tho 
tecreiary  of  ihe  inierlor,  upon  tn«  nomination 
of  th*  cominiaaioncr  of  patanK.*  Soo  sac.  169) 
alto  act  of  Auguat  M,  1876. 

Sir.  477.  Tho  aalarias  of  Iho  officon  man* 
linnad  in  the  preceding  (octlon  (halt  bo  as 
follows  I 

The  commiaaionor  of  patents,  four  thousand 
five  hundred  dollara  a  veur. 

The  axnUiant  commiaaionor  of  patants,  threa 
thouaaad  dollan  a  year. 

Threa  eaanin«n-in-chief,  three  thousand 
dollan  a  yaar  each.* 


Sac.  47t.  The  aeal  heretofora  provided  Ibr 
ihc  patent  office  shall  be  the  aeal  of  the  office, 
with  which  lottan  patent  and  papen  iisaed 
friimiha  office  shall  be  authenileaied.* 

SasSr*** 

Stc.  499.  The  commiaaloner  of  patents  and 
Ihe  chief  clerk,  before  entering  apon  their 
duiiea,  (hall  severally  vivo  bond,  with  sureties, 
to  the  ireaaurer  of  the  United  Statea,  the  former 
in  Ihe  sun  of  ten  thousand  dollan,  and  the 
laiter  in  Ihe  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  con- 
diiioned  for  the  fsithfel  discharge  of  their 
rifxpective  duties,  and  that  they  shall  rsnder  to 
the  prooer  officcn  of  the  treasury  a  true  ac- 
count of  all  money  received  by  virtue  of  their 
offices,' 


'  tPn.  All  offioen  and  employees  of  the 
r>aiu.iv  office  shall  be  faioupable,  dasiag  the 
l?«riod  i'cr  wUch  Ihev  hold  their  appfiintmants. 
io  acquire  or  take,  directly  or  indircrtiy,  except 
by  inheritance  or  beqnest,  any  right  or  interest 
in  any  patent  fanned  by  the  office.* 

■mttna  f  CSflasiiSBiiib 
Sk.  4lt.  TIm  commissioner  of  patams, 
under  the  dhredfam  of  the  secratary  of  the  In- 
terior, shall  superintend  or  paribrm  all  dirties 
respecting  tha  grantiM  and  issuing  of  patents 
directed  by  law;  and  hs  shall  hava  chuM  of 
all  books,  roeotds,  papen,  models,  madUnea, 
and  other  thfaifi  behmging  to  the  p^cnt  oflloe.* 
»«rtan  af  B»nMlsiesa  !■  c>lef- 
Sac.  4iii.  The  esaminers-in-chlaf'sJiall  be 
of  Gompment   l^gal  knowlc^  and 


Mientifie  ability,  whose  duty  it  shall  be,  on  A* 
written  palltioB  of  tha  aMMlant,  to  revise  and 
determine  apon  Iha  validity  of  the  advena  de- 
cisions of  eaamiaan  upon  applicattone  far  pat- 
ents, snd  for  rsimuw  of  patents,  and  in  fatter- 
fereace  caaesi  and,  whan  required  by  the  eoai^- 
missionar,  they  shall  hear  and  report  imon 
claims  for  axteasions,  and  perform  such  ouar 


lika  daties  as  he  may  assign  them.' 
^  ■ntnhltslMSisal  •QlegiilnMBi 

S«c  4^.   The  eommissioner  of 

M.|ri»>i9»-    MjMly,tS)o,e.a)n.fsatv.i<,p.i||^ 


SM 


PATKNTt. 


Mhjtet  to  Ik*  AfiiMmval  nf  th«  Mcrtlxiy  i>(  ih« 
inltriof,  may  frum  Uma  to  llm«  ««ubii<li  fg\x- 
UU<m*,  not  incofiilttanl  with  law,  for  Iha  cun- 
<iuci  of  jiriMeeiliiiK*  In  lh«  iMtriit  offircl 
AvMMiC«ai*«t   •■<    ■■ili>ltt««   ml 

Hat;.  4S4.  The  conimiMUincr  of  iMlanta  thai  I 
c«UM  to  Im  cImmIHciI  anil  arranged  In  luitttlile 
caMn,  In  Iha  roomi  ami  gallenei  |iru*l<U«J  fur 
iKat  |Mir)M)M,  riimUIii,  upcclmafi*  uf  compiMl' 
linn,  faiwica,  manufacturn,  wiirka  of  nrt,  aii<l 
ikaittni,  which  havs  Iwcn  or  thall  ba  d«|HMii«il 
In  Iha  patani  offica;  and  th«  rvoma  and  gal- 
laria*  thall  Im  kepi  iiuan  during  luilabla  hours 
fur  iHihllc  impaction.* 
mn^wmmkt  mt  ■•««to  •«  miit«Ni*«0  Anpll- 

Su.  4ti.  Th«  cnmniiiuiioncr  of  palania  may 
rmiort  to  Ine  rcapactlva  applicant*  luch  of  th« 
mtxIaU  belonging  to  reJactM  applications  as  ha 
shall  not  think  necessary  to  bo  orasaivcd,  or  he 
-m^y  tall  or  otherwisa  dUr<M«  of  them  after  tht 
application  has  been  finally  rejected  for  ona 
year,  paying  th(i  proceeds  Into  Iha  treasurv,  •• 
othtr  patent  mone'^s  ar«  diracied  to  b«  paid.' 

Sec  4S6.  Thara  shall  oa  parchaaad  for  the 
use  of  Iha  patent  office  a  library  of  such  scien- 
tific works  and  pariodicals,  both  foreign  and 
American,  as  may  aid  tha  officers  in  ina  dis- 
eharga  of  thair  duties,  not  exceeding  the 
amount  annually  api>ropri«t«d  for  that  purpose.* 
Sea  act  of  August  15.  |8t6. 

Sbc.  4tj.  For  gioaa  misconduct  the  com- 
missioner of  patenu  may  refuse  to  rccogniie 
any  person  as  a  natent-agent,  either  generally 
or  In  ainr  partionutr  CMe  t  but  the  reanons  for 
sach  refusal  shall  b*  duly  recorded,  tnd  be 
subject  to  the  approral  of  the  secreury  of  the 
Interior." 

PvtaMav  mt  Vmmum  VUeC 

Sbc.  4M.  The  commisuoner  of  patenlH  msv 
require  aU  papers  filed  In  the  patent  office,  if 
not  correctlv,  legibly,  and  cleulv  written,  to  he 

Brinted  at  the  coet  of  the  iMurty  nUnf  them.* 
*wtmUwm  0»>»e«  mt  Olaoaa*  mmw,  »— 


Sk.  4IC.  Th«  comntwalower  of  natenu  may 
print,  or  canae  to  be  printed,  oopiea  « the  claims 
of  current  issues,  and  copies  01  so^  laws,  deri- 
sions, regttlstkms,  and  circulars  as  may  be  nect^- 
sary  for  the  information  of  the  public.* 
niaiSlav  ■■eeia— Uo—  iHi4l  pmwl««ii. 

Sac.  4M.  The  commissioner  of  patents  is 
mthoriiea  to  have  printed,  from  time  to  time. 
fot  mtttitoos  distrlMtioa,  not  to  exceed  one 
hundred  and  &fkf  copies  of  the  complete  speci- 
ficatioM  and  drawings  of  each  patent  hereafter 
iisvad,  together  with  avitable  indexes,  one  copy 
to  be  riaced  for  free  public  inspectioD  in  each 
capital  of  erery  State  and  Territory,  one  for  the 
like  parpose  in  the  clerk's  oiSee  of  the  district 
court  of  each  Judicial  dbittlot  of  the  Uitited 
Slatea,  except  when  snch  oOces  are  located  in 

l-fd. 1 1(. e..aK>.     aa-a.Ytr.li.  sea.     tfUlftj.p. 


iiM^laV  Ms4  ■■■*•▼!««. 
ha  lithographing  and  engraving 
I  two  preceoing  sections  shall  be 


Mala  or  tsrritnrlal  cspilols,  an4  one  m  il>' 
liltrsry  of  congrt  m,  which  copies  thall  l>«  1  • 
ilAed  under  the  hand  of  tha  commlMlon*r  ml 
M>al  of  tha  |iaicni  office,  ami  thall  not  Im  IiiI>>  h 
from  the  dc|Mwltort«<i  for  any  nlhar  purim.^ 
than  til  Iw  u««d  »^  rvlilrme.l 
AtMltltta*!   ai|M«tll*«(l«it«   AMi^l   Br«w- 

inara- 

Sec.  4fi.  The  coniniiuloner  of  patent*  n 
aitlhorlied  lo  have  printrd  tuch  addlilnii.il 
niimiMn  o'  fopic«i  of"  ■|Mt!Acaiionti  and  drs* 
tn^*,  certlAed  as  provided  In  the  prccrdlng  tri 
l:on,  at  n  price  not  to  cRcec<l  the  contract  prii  r 
for  tuch  drawings,  for  tale,  at  may  be  wsrrnninl 
l>v  the  actual  demand  fitr  the  same ;  and  he  11 
«lt<>  authoilted  to  lumlih  a  complete  fct  of 
tuch  ipecificailons  and  drawings  In  any  puhlu 
library  which  will  pay  for  binding  the  tame  into 
volumes  lo  corretpoml  wtib  thote  in  the  patrni 
office,  and  for  Ihe  Irsntportallon  of  the  samr, 
and  which  thall  alto  provide  for  |>roper  cutlmly 
for  tha  tame,  with  convrnlcnt  accrti  for  the 
public  thereto,  under  such  regulations  as  th« 
commissioner  shnll  deem  reasonable.' 
MSlMittrAi 

Sac.  4M.  TF 
required  by  tha  two  preceding  1 
awarded  lo  the  lowest  and  best  bidders  (or  the 
tnlcmtt  of  the  government,  due  regard  being 

Kid  lo  Ihe  execution  of  the  work,  the  work  lo 
done  under  Ihe  supervision  of  Ihe  commit- 
tioner  of  patents,  who  shall  receive  ctanpelllivs 
bids  therefor.*    Act  of  August  15,  1876. 

>>l—  •{  o»|»l«M  •t  ■■eeWe»ii—  mmI 

0r««lave. 
Sec.  403.  The  price  to  be  paid  for  tincer- 
tiricd  printed  copies  of  snecifications  and  draw- 
ings of  patents  snail  be  oeiermined  by  the  com- 
mittioner  of  paients,  within  the  limits  of  ten 
cents  as  the  minimum  and  fifty  ccnta  as  the 
maximum  price.* 

AsiMSMl  iloMvS  mt  tko  C—sl— lower. 
Sec.  404.  The  commissioner  of  patents  shall 
lay  before  Tongreas,  in  the  month  of  January, 
annually,  a  report,  giving  a  detailed  statrmeni 
of  all  moneys  received  for  paients,  for  .opici 
of  records  or  drawings,  or  firoai  any  oilier 
source  whatever;  a  detailed  statement  of  all 
expenditures  for  contintwnt  snd  mlKellnneoui 
cxpensesi  a  list  of  an  patents  which  were 
granted  daring  the  preceding  year,  deaignatlni 
under  proper  heads  the  subjects  of  such  palcnit ; 
an  alphabetical  list  of  all  the  patented,  with 
their  places  of  residence;  a  list  of  all  patcniH 
which  have  been  extended  during  the  year: 
and  each  other  information  of  the  oonditloii  of 
th4  patent  office  as  may  be  useful  to  Coogrets 
or  the  public.*  See  ||  195, 196. 
CmtMir  mt  €^n9mUflfm_mt  BB|»l«ir«ac 

Sic.  4M.  The  collections  of  the  exploring 
expedition,  now  in  the  patent  ofBce,  shall  be 
under  the  care  and  management  of  the 
missioner  of  patents.* 


««Ti,  Res.  Ho.  s.  V.  i«,p.  sf*., 
«»T».  e-  S.  I  *,  V.  ly, p.  1.     <• 
tSfo,  e.  ssa,  1 9,  T,  t«,  p.  IM. 
I,  V.  io,  p.  f  }■. 


T-4  Aag.itS4.«-a4i|,| 


,—.   .  —    ^ld.t  as  Mar., 
t-td.  |s.p.  s.     Mjriy. 


I   capltitU,  and   on«   in   i\< 
,  wlik'h  copiM  thill  )>«  I ' 
ml  i>f  iha  conimlHltmcr  niMi 
ifflc«,  anit  ihull  not  \m  uki  „ 
riei  fur   ^ity  irfhar   puiiHir 
rviilrm  «.'• 

Draw- 


tiinimiuUmcr  of  palcnU  ii 
t  print>-<l  •ui'h  •diilllnn.il 
of  ipcciAcAlionH  and  draw 
>>vl<l«tl  in  Iha  prrcrdlng  %ri 
to  exceed  Ihe  conlraci  |>rt(  r 
fur  Ml*,  a*  may  b«  warrnninl 
iiul  far  iIm  Mm« ;  and  h«  n 
lurt>lih  •  cnmplrU  ffi  of 
a/id  tlrawln|«  In  any  publu 
wy  for  Nndlnglht  lanir  iniu 
nnil  will)  ihoM  in  ihr  palrni 
IraniportalUin  of  lh«  aamr, 

0  provide  for  proper  cuttudy 

1  convenient  acceu  for  Ihe 
icr  luch  regulatlona  M  the 

deem  reaaonable.' 
InC  Mi4  BavravlMV 
Ithographing  and  engraving 
}  preceding  •ccllons  iihall  he 
real  and  beat  bidden  for  lh« 
vemment,  due  regard  being 
on  of  the  work,  ine  work  lo 

tupcrvioiun  of  the  commii- 
rho  thall  receive  competitive 
t  of  August  15,  1876. 

I  •€  mpmHtttmUmmm  mMI 

vmwtmtptm 

price  to  b«  mIJ  (or  nncer- 
I  of  aneclficatlont  «nd  draw- 
I  be  deiennincd  by  th*  com- 
U,  within  the  limits  of  ten 
num  and  fifty  cents  M  the 

t  •€  (li«  CmmumHrntmrnmr. 

ommiaaioncr  of  patents  thall 
«,  in  lh«  month  of  Janunry, 
giving  »  detailed  ttairmeni 
lived  lor  patents,  for  topics 
iwlngt,  or  firooi  any  otBcr 
a  detailed  slatenflnt  of  all 
antfaiMnt  and  miKtllnneoui 
of  an  patents  which  were 
preceding  year,  designating 
I  the  subjects  of  such  paienu; 
t  of  all  the  patented,  with 
dence;  a  list  of  all  pateni* 
extended  during  tha  year; 
>rBialion  of  tha  oonditiob  of 
I  may  b«  ineful  to  CoBgNx 

KpWBIIWWM 

Mllcctioiis  of  the  aspioring 
I  the  patent  olBce,  anall  be 
d  management  of  tha  oon- 


Kp.9l^    r-U.    »Id.;  salfar., 
P-if*-    V-4  Aag.ilf4.e.s4«,| 


FATltNTS. 


r<<|ulreii  by   law,  shall  have   caniA< 


Ing  Ihe  fee 
letT  couiet 


ttlafcwe— wfwf  Miv  l>is—si«  4 

Nil .  4ft,  All  'luliiiiMmenti  Tiir  Ihe  |Mlenl 
ciHua  tiMll  be  ma<le  by  Ihe  dithurving  clerk  uf 
ih«  inlertor  deiMrlmonl. 

<'«H|l4w  mt  Mm  •Mia.  mf, 

liriK  XIII..  H*«.  Slat.,  |i.  iM. 

'•■ft.  Ifa.  WrIiiKri  ur  printed  cnplea  of  any 
rr>i*riU,  hooks,  pa|wr«,  ur  drawings  lieliiiigiiiK 
lo  ihe  patent  •rfKce,  and  of  letUrs  iMleni  au' 
ihKniicalad  by  ihe  laal  and  ceriiAed  by  ihc 
I  iimmtwiloner  or  acling  commlwluner  ihcreuf, 
Oiiill  be  evidence  in  all  casea  wherein  Ihe 
originals  (inild  he  evidences  and  any  uvrmin 
mAing  a^lcailon  Ihereior,  and  paying  Ihe  fee 
rnjulreil 
thereof." 

«!*»lea«rrwv«l«w  !.•««•*•  f*taM«. 
Skc,  IfS.  Cotiiei  of  ihe  •pectlitaliDiis  and 
ilrawings  of  foreign  lellars  patent,  certified  as 
provided  in  Ihe  |Hrecefling  section,  shall  tie 
^rimM  fmti*  evidence  of  Ihe  fact  of  ihe  grant- 
ing uf  such  Icltrrs  pileni,  and  of  Ihe  dale  and 
ciiiiicnts  thereof,' 
mated  CJaylMtsr  ■paefeaMewa  mmftk 

Sac.  I«4.  The  primed  coptea  of  speciflca- 
liuni  and  drawings  of  patenu,  which  the  com- 
miiiloner  of  patents  is  authorised  to  print  for 
graiuiiotts  disiributlon.  and  lo  depoalt  in  the 
ca|iiiultof  Ihe  Stataa  and  Terriloriaa,  and  in  the 
clerk's  offices  of  the  district  courts,  shall,  when 
certiAed  by  him  and  authenticated  by  the  seal 
uf  his  oflce,  be  received  in  all  courts  as  evl- 
•Irnce  of  all  matters  therein  contained.* 
raie««e«  Arttolea  e«feeea<  wMk  ■•• 
HaeBssctae*. 

TiTLi  XV.,  Rev.  Sui..  p.  a4i  1 

Sic.  luy.  No  patented  article  connected 
with  marine  engines  shall  hereafVer  be  pur- 
chased or  aael  in  connection  with  any  steam 
vcMcls  of  war  until  the  same  shall  have  been 
lubmltted  to  -  'nnpetant  board  of  naval  engi- 
neers, and  >  mended  by  such  board,  in 
writing,  for  V.  rf:ia»e  and  use.* 

NiMea  *•  Ma  tiMaisa lla»  rMM|«  mm< 

iMrsaek-laadlBB  lysisai. ) 
TiTXJ  XVn.rRev.  Stat.,  p.  a9a> 
Sic.  1673.  hfo  royalty  shall  be  paid  by  the 
United  Stataa  to  anv  one  of  its  oAcen  or  em- 
ployees for  the  me  01  any  pa(ent  for  tha  system, 
or  any  put  thereof,  mentioned  in  the  preced- 
ing section,  nor  for  any  saeh  patent  in  which 
Mid  officers  or  employees  may  bt  directly  or  j 
indirectly  interasteo.*  ' 


WalLjsyt  A.Ce.e».  J.  y  Wsh,  |Sji 


JPATRWTNk 

■•■M*4(.  4is«e«e4,  aa4l  ■•• 
e«r<l«<l. 

Tin. a  LX.,  K«v.  Sui  ,  (  h«|i  1,  p.  9t|i 
Hk<'.  4M].  All  (Mlenu  thall  lie  iwiueti  In  the 
name  of  Ihe  Unlled  iiutea  of  America,  under 
the  teal  <if  Ihe  patent  offiot,  and  thall  ii« 
tlgned  by  the  tecretary  of  the  Interior  and 
cuunlrrtlgned  by  Ihe  commlwluner  of  patanu, 
and  they  thall  be  recwded,  liytiher  with  Ihe 
ilicciAcaliunt,  In  Ihe  paleni  ofike,  in  buokt  to 
bis  kept  forlhal  |Hiqiiia«.< 

4'«iit<«Mla  •««  DaratUa. 
Sic.  4M4.  Kvrry  (mikiu  <ihali  contain  a 
thort  title  or  'letcriuiuo  of  the  invention  ur 
ilKcovery,  correctly  indirallng  lit  nature  and 
d»ign,  and  a  grunt  lo  llie  |>«tenlei>,  hit  heirt 
ot  astigni,  (or  the  term  of  teventeen  years,  of 
Ihe  esclutive  right  to  make,  u«(,  and  vend  the 
iiivrntlon  or  ditcovery  Ihrotighoul  Ihe  United 
.SiAiet,  and  Ihe  Tcrrilorlet  Ihercof,  referring  to 
Hie  t|Miclftcaiion  for  the  particulara  thereof.  A 
copy  of  Ihe  spaeitcation  and  drawings  shall  be 
aiiiiesed  to  the  patent  and  be  a  part  thereof,* 
•a<e  ar  IHslea*. 
Sbc.  4lts.  Every  patent  shall  bear  date  as 
of  a  day  not  later  Ihan  six  months  from  the 
lime  at  which  it  was  oassed  and  allowed  and 
notice  thereof  was  leiit  ti>  the  applicant  ur  his 
agent  t  and  If  the  final  fee  is  not  paid  within 
that  period  the  patent  shall  be  withheld.* 

^WkaMstvaaSlatsa  ara  l*a«a«taMa. 

Sic.  4IM.  Any  person  who  has  invented  or 
discovered  any  new  and  useful  art,  machine, 
manufacture  or  composition  of  mailer,  or  any 
new  and  useful  iinurfivement  thereof,  not 
known  nor  used  by  others  In  this  cuunirv,  and 
not  patented  or  described  in  any  printed  pub- 
lication in  this  or  any  foreign  country,  before 
his  invention  or  ditcovery  thereof,  and  not  in 
public  use  or  on  sale  for  more  than  two  years 
prior  to  his  application,  anlesa  the  same  is 
proved  to  have  been  abandoned,  may,  upon 
payment  of  the  feea  reoaired  by  law,  and  other 
due  proceedings  had,  obtain  a  patent  therefor.' 


Sic  4Mv.  No  person  shaU  he  debarred 
firom  receiving  a  patent  for  his  invention  01 
discovery,  nor  shall  anv  patent  be  declared 
invalid,  by  reason  of  Its  having  been  first 
patented  or  eansed  to  be  patented  in  a  foreign 
country,  imleaa  the  same  has  been  introduced 
into  pnblic  use  in  the  United  States  for  more 
than  two  years  prior  to  the  application.    But 


W.  10 


^ .  10  Will.  117 1   <).  Co.  •«.  W.  It  WaH.  iiVy  M.  m 
W.  14  Wsa.  «soi  Cm.  1. 1*  Wall,  ^x  X..  w.  C 
Wall,  isoi  iTse.  K-i*  Waif  tfyo:  W?...  P.  •  Oi 

rt  ti.  t«.  W.  a  Oana,  « 1  A.  w.  H.  1  Seam,  i 
iw,  O.  J  Suiaa,  si<i  H,  tw.  A.  s  Story,  194 ;   B, 


8,  sjMorv.  411  tt-m.  B.  Manuf.  Co.  •  Story,  4jt:  M. 
t«.  8.  J  Wood.  k\Lti  1  F.  •».  8.  I  Hatak.  i^j/V.  se. 
K.  I  jnuch.  491 ,  H.  »,.  W.  (  Btaich.  i94.0MfcC.  •». 
8,  I  Blaich.  taoi  t  ee.  B.  4  Blacch.  m;  M.  •».  Ttit 
If .  Y.  Bye  I^S  BMcb.  ii<i  H.  m.  S.  7  Bbuih.  ^ ; 
R.  w.  If.  ft  O.  1  IVWin  >  P.  m.  t.  »  W.  1  wJh 
io«  f  K.  •*.  Tha  Seluqdkdl  knk,  4  WaA.  1. .'  W.  •». 
iTBaMw.  ti4i  O.  •e.^niejuilniad,  tWall.Ar..  }Sai 
8.  •'  P-  •M'Um.  iyti  Jl.  se.  B.  ft  D.  4.)llcLan 
»7i  H.  •*.  0.  ft  W.  aM(LMa,>i  j  8.  m.^^  - 
Wu.  Caa.  47Si  P.  se.  I. }  rkhTm  Gas.  4; 


.THTt  fish. 
4I«. 


^j 


rATRNTH. 


(Htcli 

„      ^_ .    —  -. „  -  '  WMM* 

iim*"wtlh  IM  iiiiiramn  ;i«l«nl,'or,  W  «b«r«  U 
muf*  ih«n  .Hi«.  •«  il»«  •*"»•  IIumi  wUh  ih« 
on*  h«*iiif  lh«  tburt«ii  i»im,  wi*!  In  •«  ««^ 
iImII   U    ba    In    Ibfva    mur«    ihM   MvanDNin 

Su;  4tM.  IUif<>r«i>nxtnv«nlor<>r  tiiacnvarcr 
thsll  r«t«t»«  «  |«ten«  fo*  !>'•  lriv«nti'«  or  Ji». 
covtry,  ha  ihall  m*h«  •p|»ll««ii'>«  HMtcfiw.  In 
writing,  to  «h«  coiiiml»»l«ii"  of  |>«««nu,  anil  •h«ll 
Hl«  In  lh«  i«ltnl  <i*c«  •  w  'tH«n  «le»crl|)«U»n  of 
lh«  Mim«,  »n<i  o(  (h#  mannci  *m\  pT«x«M  of  mak- 
ing, coi^ruitlng,  c«»mp«»un<ling,  •««!  u«lng  It, 
in  lack  fall,  cl«M,  coMcUe,  and  «i«cl  Itrina  aa 
to  ana^tU  an*  iiarwm  tkillad  In  Iha  art  or 
tdanc*  io  which  It  appertain*.  «»f  with  which 
It  l«  moat  naarlv  connaclad.  U>  maka,  conatract, 
tompoHiMi,  and  uw  iha  »ama  j  and  In  cmo  .»f  * 
machlna.ha  thall  captain  th«  princlpla  theraof, 
and  tSa  bMl  nuMlt  in  which  h«  haa  cwiicm- 
pUtad  anplrlni  ^^tA  vrlncInU,  ao  aa  to  dlatin- 
gulsb  it  (ram  othar  Invaiiitontt  and  ha  ahall 
partlotlarly  point  out  and  dlmlnctljr  claim  (ha 
pait,  laiproirainani,  or  combination  which  ha 
clainw  aa  hi*  invantion  or  diacovcry.  Tha 
•paciAcallon  and  claim  thall  h«  signed  hf  tha 
Inyantor  and  attaaiad  by  two  wl(na*aaa> 
»■■»!■■■■  mmtm  Wa^natalfi 

Sw.  4Mf.  Wban  tha  muara  of  tha  caaa 
admlta  of  dnwlnga,  Iba  applicant  thall  famith 
ona  copy  alcnad  1^  tha  Invantoro*  hU  atlomev 
in  tact,  and  attaatcd  by  two  witnaaaaa,  which 
thall  ba  ftlad  In  tha  patent  officai  and  a  copy 
of  tlM  drawing,  to  ba  fumlthad  by  tha  patent 
offica,  bImU  ba  attaahad  to  tha  patant  aa  a  part 
oftbaapaciiaatian.'  ^ ^ 

Sao^ltB-  Whan  tbalnvantion  or  dlacovary 
ki  of  a  wmtr"-'"'^  of  matter,  tba  apriicmit,  if 
raqairad  by  tba  ooouniaiionar,  thaU  ftimlah 
ipacimana  of  Ingradiantt  and  of  tha  oompoai- 
tloo,  anAclant  in  qnanUty  for  Iha  pwpoaa  of 
cipariaMDt^ 

Sac.  4te.  In  aU  CMM  wS^adiHit  of  rap- 


conranWi>i  "ttae  lo"a»hlhto  advaati^aoailv  Iha 
■avaral  paiu  of  hia  tovantjon  or  dtawary.* 


8»c.  4N*^«  appUeant  rtSujSC 
that  ha  doai  yarily  baliava  hiMalf  to  ba  tha 
original  and  fint  iwrantor  «r  diacovarar  or  tha 
art,  maehlna,  maanfactHra,  oooapoakiM,  or  ia- 

Pravamaal  foe  which  ha  tdiciu  a  palaali  that 
I  doaa  not  know  and  doat  Ml  boUeva  Oat  Iha 


tama  waa  e»ar  hafora  known  nt  •»ed  i  an-l  »li  > ; ' 
Ual*  of  kal  cuunlrv  li«  )•  a  cllltan.  Su'<i 
oalh  m*>  »>a  ma«l«  imi-tf  anjr  (>«r«H»  wiilm, 
Iha  Unllad  S<al««  aulliocltad  by  law  lu  a<tni<n 
iaiar  oaiha,  or  when  iha  appikani  laaid**  >ii  < 
furaign  i;<mnlry.  batwa  any  mlnlMar.  cHjik. 
d'altalraa,  viNMul,  or  eoiiimaftUl  tgani,  li.i  I  ",; 
lommlwlon  un«Ur  l^«  g.>»»fninanl  »  ih. 
(Iiiilad  HIalaa,  or  h»for«  any  nolmy  public  m( 
Ih*  Ibtaign  coaniry  in  otiKh  ih*  a|»|>licanl  nuy 

ba.* 

■maMlaMttoa  aiMt  laMila«  rmtmmt. 

Sat;.  4*1).  On  lh«  blmK  <>(  any  tuch  ap|il> 
cation  andih*  paymani  o<  ih*  f**»  r*<|ulr*il  I.) 
law,  lh«  commUaionar  of  palanl*  *halk  can*' 
an  axamlnailon  lo  l>*  mj<l*  ol  Iha  allaged  new 
Invanilon  or  dl*eo»*ry  i  and  If  on  aucfi  •aann 
nation  It  ahall  ajnwar  that  Ih*  claimant  n 
)u»«ly  entitled  'o  a  iialanl  und'  r  ih*  law,  aiwl 
thai  Iha  tame  U  tumeienilr  uaeftil  and  lin(>.>r 
lanl,  the  commliMloner  thall  iatu*  a  pai«ni 
Iharefor." 

IJinBltntlMi  MPMi  TIMI*  mt  CMm»l««lng 
A99llattaiaNta. 

Sic.  4t94<  A"  •|>|*ll*^**'°'**  '"'  pat«n<*  *h*l< 
be  completed  and  prepared  for  eaaminalitm 
wiihln  iwo  yeart  after  the  ftling  of  ihe  applut 
lUm,  and  In  default  thereof,  or  upon  the  fallutt 
of  Iha  apjilUaiit  lo  pro*ec"ta  Ihe  tame  wUlii.i 
iwo  yeart  after  any  actUm  therrln,  of  which 
n.Mlea  thall  ha»a  been  gl»en  to  the  applle.nt, 
they  thall  be  rcgaided  aa  ahaiidoocd  by  ihc 
tMrtlea  thereto,  nnleai  It  be  thown  to  the  latlt 
union  of  tha  commiMltmar  of  patanu  that 
tueh  ilalay  waa  unavuldabla.* 

■Nkto««n  ••mai»#<i  *m  4aat— y 

Sac.  4Nfl>  Patanu  may  b*  granted  and  It- 
tued  or  rmaned  to  the  aaaignea  of  the  in- 
ventor or  diacoverert  bui  tha  aaalgnatant  muii 
iint  ba  anterad  of  record  In  Iha  patent  ofKce. 
And  la  all  eaaaa  of  »n  application  by  an  u- 
tlgnaa  (or  tha  taaue  >i  a  paiaal,  tha  applict. 
lion  ihaU  ba  mada  and  tha  apacUkation  twom 
to  by  Iha  Invaator  or  dkcoearari  and  In  all 
caaaa  of  an  applicallon  for  a  rakwna  of  any 
pntoat,  Iha  ap^eation  mmt  ba  made  and  iht 
comelad  apatiAoaiion  aignad  fav  tha  Invaniut 
or  diacovanr,  if  kn  te  living'  *>"1«m  tha  pateni 
waaiatnad  aad  Iha  aaignfMni  nada  bafora  tha 
^(hth  dqr  of   Jaly,  ai^itaan   hnndrad  and 

8lKr4lpl'  When  any  paraon,  having  madt 
any  naw  bwatioa  or  diaoovary  for  w^lch  t 
pataatail|hlhnvabean  r>alad,diaa  baforct 
nuaat  U  granlad.  tha  right  of  applyiaf  for  and 
obldlnlag  Iha  pat«nt  thiUl  davolva  on  hia  ex 
•CHtor  or  adaainlatrator,  la  Imit  for  tha  bain  ti 


'.  I  w»»a,  H* ;    H.  h  M 
af».     i-W.  |»7.  P-»»»i  9* 

6^ 


}  McLaan, 
im.f.  W. 


To.  7«tf7J'v3-  "J^  J"'»'5'!:«k*'«'  LSI ';«' 

•.toai  B.  *»ro.  I  Bona.  tit.     tMa.  |  ja, ».  am :  3 
4711  ft  w.  W.  I  fflih.  Fat.  Cm.  Ml- 


on  kturmn  of  HM^ |  mm!  •Kii' 
iiniiv  h»  M  •  (illMM.  Hu.  I 
il*  twior*  any  |wrMin  «iili>.< 

•ulluiflM<l  l»y  Uw  iu  ximm 
•n  ih«  a|>|>ll<:*nl  i—t4n  In  « 
lM<»f«  any  mtiiMM',  dMig* 
Of  ciaiinMti  i«l  tfanl.  hoWinu 
tf    lit*     gii*«tnm«nl    •><     lh« 

kcliNc  »n)r  nutmjr  piihlic  .rf 
ry  III  »hl«:ll  iha  tlvlillcanl  mjy 

W  BMI  IWMla*  PlMMt. 

Ih«  tiling  *it  any  (UcH  a|i|>li 
ijrmani  ul  iha  (aat  rti|uir«l  lif 
laionar  of  paianti  *halk  < :a>M' 
t  Im  m^la  of  Iha  alUgtiJ  n<<» 
j««ry  I  and  If  on  auch  aianii 
■|i|w«r    ItMt  Iha   claimant  i« 

a  iwiant  ond'  r  iha  law,  ami 
•ufficlcnll*  uaaful  and  tui|M>f 
nlonar    ahall    la*«i«  •    palrni 

mm  TIM*  mt  CMM»l«M«a 

I  a|itiltcaiion*  for  patcnia  ahall 
td  (HapMrad  for  aiammallon 
after  Iha  filing  of  ihe  a|i|>llca 
lit  Ihcraof,  or  upon  th«  falluri 
to  protacxta  iha  lama  within 
any  actuHi  iharcln,  of  whlih 
I  bacn  gi*an  to  Iha  anpllcanl, 
g«iil«d  aa  ahaiidoeail  by  lh< 
iilcu  II  b«  ihown  to  ika  laiu 
:ominiwl<inar  of  patatito  that 
iiMvuldabla.* 

lanU  may  ba  granlad  Md  i* 
I  lo  Iha  Maicnat  of  lh«  In 
irtri  btti  tiM  WNlfiimant  miui 
4  racord  la  tka  p«tmt  oftca. 
•  of  '■<  •ppllcallMi  by  Ml  a>- 
Imuc  '(  •  |»lMtjl  dM  appllcii- 
If  and  ItM  •fMdAcftltoii  awom 
lor  or  dtocovaiari  mmI  la  all 
illcMion  for  •  rtiaaiio  of  any 
ullon  mitu  b«  mad*  ui4  the 
«Miaa  alfawi  br  ih«  tavwiui 
kn  it  living,  tiitUHa  lh«  palani 
Im  •oiKnvMiil  rimI«  bafcin  Iba 
Jaly,  ti^iUM   bamlrtd  and 

fhm  any  pcnoa,  baving  m««lt 
ka  or  diaoortty  far  w^ich  a 
v«  bam  cnwtad,  diat  before  • 
I,  tha  rMt  ol  apfiying  for  and 
■iMit  riwll  davwva  on  hia  ex- 
iMralor,  ia  trait  for  tha  Mn  ti 

I  B.  ftM.  t«.  B.  ftj.  |M«Latn, 
api:  Q'».  aa.  M.  isW.  •• 

36.  ai|.M.|ii,».M.  ■-U.ljt. 
iBaad.ai«.  a-M-lu,*.  aaa:  ) 
•.».i«.p.  |»li  O.aa.X  M  Maa. 
1^.  Pat.  Caa.  nt- 


W. 

«.  i«. 

417: 


rATCNTf. 


$*% 


law  of  iW  4«raa«ad,  In  rata  k«  ihall  }>»**  diad 
iniaalaiaj  or  If  ha  (hall  hara  laft  a  will,  dt« 
|Kwinf  uf  iha  *am«,  than  In  iruM  for  hi*  davi- 
<«*•,  )n  an  full  mannar  and  on  iha  aama  larm* 
and  Cimdlll<Hia  aa  iha  Mma  might  ha«a  l>««ii 
tUlmad  or  anjoytd  try  him  In  hU  lifatlmai 
mil  whan  Iha  amiltiallon  I*  maila  liytuch  lagal 
t^iiraMrnlatl***,  Iha  oalh  or  affirmalUm  rr  iilrad 
111  Iw  mada  (hall  tia  to  varlad  In  form  .al  II 
<  in  ba  mada  liy  Ihain  * 

••■•wal   •!  AMMllaatlMi    t«    <-nMa    mt 
Vallar*  !•  Vmw  V**m  Im  AtWiMa. 

^Ki  4497.  Ally  (MrvM)  who  I**  an  lnlar««t 
III  an  Invaniion  or  dtacovary.  whathar  Aa  in- 
vrnior,  diMovrrar,  or  aaatgnaa,  for  whUh  a 
|Mlenl  waa  ordered  to  iaaua  u|M>n  Iha  |iaymrnl 
.>(  Iha  hnal  ht,  IhiI  who  fall*  lo  maka  (layniaiil 
ihrraof  wtlhin  da  monOu  friim  Iha  lima  at 
which  It  waa  (MK'^vd  iiihI  nllowad,  and  nolita 
lh*r«of  wan  »anl  lo  lli«  ajitiliiiiiii  or  hit  aarnt, 
«hall  hava  a  rinht  to  makt  mi  ii|>pli<.atlan  for  a 
(laianl  for  «uch  liivvniton  or  dU<.ovrry  Iba  aama 
u  In  tba  ca*a  of  an  utiginal  aii|ili(i>ilun.  But 
<uch  aa«ond  a|i|>licailon  muM  U  niaJa  within 
two  yaara  aftai  iha  allowanaa  of  tha  original 
application.  Hut  nu  |icnMm  (hall  ha  held  ra- 
<|)onalbl«  In  damagaa  foi  iha  manufaciuta  or  naa 
of  any  arilcia  or  thing  for  which  a  |iaiant  waa 
iirdarad  to  i**ua  U'utar  tuch  reiiewad  auplica' 
lion  iirlor  to  Iha  Utiia  of  tha  iiaicnt.  And  upon 
Iha  haaring  of  ranawcd  applicaii<<n«  piefcrrad 
andrr  thia  aacllon,  abandonment  shall  ba  con- 
tldaivd  B«  •  auaaiion  of  fact. a 

B         AMjImiai****  mt  ra(«iai«. 

Skc.  fHt.  l.*ary  patrnt  or  iiny  int<-t««t 
ilierain  afcall  ba  aaalgnalila  In  law  by  an  innlrtt- 
nient  In  writing  (  and  iha  paiciitea  or  hia  a* 
Mgn»  or  Irgal  rapreicniallvct  may,  In  Ilka  man- 
ner,  grant  and  convey  an  axclutiva  riRhl  under 
hw  patani  lo  tha  wbola  or  any  specified  part  of 
iha  linllad  $kalas.  An  aailgnnient,  grant,  or 
convayaacc  ahall  b«  void  aa  agninat  any  suUe- 
quenl  parchaiM  or  morlgaga*  for  a  valualila 
conaidaralion,  without  nolicr,  unlaaa  it  la  re- 
curdad  ia  Iha  patent  offica  within  thraa  montha 
frnm  lh«  dale  thereof,' 

w,*rVaa •» gall tSa •riil»«  VS^XmiSl' 

S«C.  4BM.  Every  pcraon  who  purchasea  of 
tha  Inwnlor,  or  diacovcrar,  or  with  hia  knowl- 
edga  and  eoniani  conttructs  any  newly  invented 
or  discovtrad  machine,  or  other  palentablt 
article,  prior  to  Iha  application  by  tha  inventor 
or  discoverer  for  a  patent,  or  who  aclla  or  usea 
one  to  coniiiucted,  shall  hava  the  right  lo  r-^, 
and  vend  to  other*  lo  be  used,  tha  apccific 
tiling  to  mada  or  purchaaad,  without  liability 
theiafor.* 

Pata*la4l  ArtlakNs  Mm«  »a  ■•alia«  •• 
■fiali. 
Sk.  4000.  I'  :>hall  be  the  duly  of  all  pal- 
entect,  and  their  Mtaignt  and  legal  reprcacnta- 

.MJ"!/' ••»"•«  .V*!*  34.  V    16,  p.  tM!    B.  Co.  •*. 

W.  •,  W.  4  How.  fit .  W.  w  %  j^  How.  io9f  O.  ti. 
w  10  Hew  404:  B.  M.  Met"       ■•  ■' 


r.  w.  %  a 
1.  10 Wan.  aly;  N.  P.Co.a« 


It.  w.  p. 


..  _  .,  — t.  4Ui  A.  . 
aWaB.  4Mi  O.ta.C 


D.  >e  How.  til  i  "iT'R.  Co'  si. 


Hi    R 
WtB. 


A.  *>. 


H«*«,  and  nf  all  nertont  making  or  otnding  any 
iiaKiiied  a>iu  la  fur  or  uiular  iham,  to  gi»a  tut 
Kilaiti  notice  lo  tha  jwtille  thai  iha  lama  It 
|Ml«iiltd|  alihor  by  fiaing  tharaon  ihe  word 
••  ,<ii»iilad."  logaihar  with  tha  day  anil  yaur 
Iha  paiani  waa  gr«nla«l  j  or  whan,  flruin  Ihe 
character  of  the  arikia,  ihlt  rannoi  U  d<me,  by 
Hiiiig  to  II,  or  to  the  |wtk4ge  wharain  one  >ir 
more  of  them  It  amioaeti,  a  laliet  conia»nlng  ihe 
Ilka  n44Uei  and  In  any  tult  (ir  Inlrtnganianl, 
liy  Ihe  parly  falling  to  to  mark,  nu  damaitrt 
shiill  he  racovtr«d  by  the  plaintiff,  a««»|il  on 
priMif  thai  Ihe  dafandani  wna  duly  notified  of 
Iha  infriiigvnient.  and  cunllnuad,  after  tutih 
notice,  lo  make,  iiae,  or  vend  Ihe  article  m 
iMlenleil.* 

rattaH*  Atr  rakieljr  ««£lllai«  ar  Utkal. 
llNv  Artlelea  aa  ^(*«ImI. 

Sac.  4001.  I'.vrry  fierton  who.  In  »ny  mtii 
ner,  mariit  upon  thing  marie,  uteil,  m  sold 
t»y  him  for  which  He  hat  not  obtained  a  |>alrni, 
the  name  or  any  imiiuilim  of  the  name  of  any 
person  who  baa  obtained  a  patent  therefor, 
Mriihoiit  the  content  of  tu<h  |)alcntee,  or  hia 
amiiitiia  or  legal  refiretenlallvea;  or 

VVho.  ir4  any  mannar,  markt  upon  or  afliiaa 
to  any  luch  patanlr  I  article  Ihe  word  ••  patent" 
or  "  paientae,"  or  Ihe  words  "  laiiera  patent," 
or  any  word  of  like  lm|Hirt,  wiih  Intent  lo 
Imitate  or  counterfeit  ihe  mark  or  device  of  Ihe 
ritiientee,  without  having  the  llccnte  or  conaent 
of  tuch  pateniea  or  hia  aaalgna  or  legal  repre- 
leiilalivcaj  or 

Who,  In  any  manner,  markt  upon  or  afllxea 
to  any  unfialriiied  article  Ihe  word  "  (lalent "  or 
any  wbrd  importing  thai  Ihe  tame  is  patented, 
foi  Ihe  purpote  of  deceiving  Ihe  public, 

Shul/  ''e  liable,  for  every  tuch  oflence,  lo  a 
penally  01  not  Icta  than  one  hundred  dollars, 
wllhi..i-.taj  one  half  of  said  penally  lo  the  ficrson 
who  shall  sue  for  Ihe  same,  and  Ihe  other  to  Ihe 
u.e  of  Ihe  United  Statoa,  lo  be  recovered  liy 
suit  in  any  district  cnuil  of  the  United  SUtea 
within  whoae  Jurisdiction  such  offcaca  RMy 
have  been  committed.* 

rtllas  aei«  Ml^mt  ml  fVaaaia. 

Sic.  4goa.  Any  ciiiien  of  tl  'ailed  Stalaa 
who  makea  any  new  Invention  discovery, 
and  dealrae  further  lime  to  matuic  the  aame, 
may,  on  payment  of  ihe  feet  required  by  law, 
:i!e  in  Ihe  patent  office  a  caveat  iciting  forth 
tha  deaJgn  thereof,  and  of  its  distinguishing 
characteriatica,  and  praying  protection  of  his 
right  nntil  he  ahall  have  matured  his  invention. 
Such  caveat  ahall  be  filed  in  the  confidential 
archive*  of  tha  office  and  preserved  in  aecrecy, 
and  thall  be  operative  for  the  term  of  one  year 
from  Ihe  filing  thereof;  and  if  application  is. 
made  within  the  year  bv  any  other  peraon  for  a 
patent  with  which  luch  caveat  would  in  any 
niniiner  interfere,  the  commiuionek'  thall  de- 


m 


PATENTS. 


I; 


potil  the  detcription,  •pecification,  drawing*, 
aitd  model  of  luch  application  in  like  manner 
in  the  confidential  archive*  of  the  office,  and 
give  notice  thereof,  by  mail,  to  the  peiaon  liy 
whom  the  caveat  was  filed.  If  auch  penwn 
de*ires  to  avail  himfclf  of  hit  caveat,  '.«  shall 
file  hit  deicription,  tpecificatfoni,  drawings, 
and  model  within  three  months  from  the  iime 
of  placing  the  notice  in  the  pott-ofRce  in  Wash- 
ington, with  the  usual  time  required  for  trans- 
mitting it  to  the  caveator  added  thereto;  which 
time  shall  be  indorsed  on  the  uotice.  An  alien 
Khali  have  the  privilege  herein  granted,  if  he 
has  resided  in  Ac  United  States  one  year  next 
preceding  the  filing  of  his  caveat,  and  has 
made  oath  of  hit  intention  to  become  a  cititen.* 

••  >eTaiT—  ••  AM*ii***i*< 
Sic  4903.  Whii&«v«r,  on  examination,  any 
claim  for  a  patent  it  rejected,  the  committloner 
shall  aotUy  the  applicant  thereof,  giving  him 
briefly  the  rtatont  for  tuch  rmection,  together 
with  mch  iafomatioc  and  reierencet  at  may 
be  utefel  hi  judging  of  the  propriety  of  renew- 
ing hit  an^oaliMi  or  of  altering  hit  specifica- 
tion} and  if,  after  receiving  such  notice,  the 
applicant  pnsistt  in  hit  claim  for  a  patent, 
with  or  withont  altering  hit  tpecifications,  the 
oomnUtaioncr  shall  order  •  n-examination  of 
the  case.* 

tmtiJMtUfmtm. 
Sk.  4904.  Whenever  an  apniication  it 
made  for  a  patent  which,  in  the  opinion  of  the 
committioner,  would  interfere  with  any  pend- 
ing appUcatkm,  or  with  >ny  unexpired  patent, 
he  duU  give  notice  thoeof  to  the  appKcanU, 
or  appUomt  and  patentee,  aa  the  cate  may  be, 
and  tnall  direct  me  priniuy  examiner  to  pro- 
ceed to  determine  the  queation  of  priority  of 
invention.  And  the  oonmiaaianer  nwT  itsue  a 
pateitf  to  tl>.«  party  who  la  adjudged  the  prior 
inventor,  uateaa  the  advene  party  appeals  from 
the  dedtioD  of  the  primair  cumin^r«  or  of  the 
board  of  eiamincra-ls-chlef,  aa  the  cate  nay 
be,  w<thin  lueh  time,  not  lei4  than  twenty  days, 
at  the  oommivioner  thallmacribe.* 

Sw.  4gos«  The  coinmiMonnof  patents 
may  ettMiah'nilea  fiic  taking  alEdavitt  and 
depotitiona  reqnirad  la  caiea  pendiiw  in  the 
patent  oOoe,  and  aodi  afidaifita  and  depoti- 
tiom  mi^be  fkm  before  any  oHoer  authoriied 
by  law  to  lake  dcpoaMona  to  be  used  in  the 
cootta  of  the  United  Statea,  or  of  the  State 
where  the  officer  retidea.r 

flvfeBOMUM  to  Wlttosoaooo* 

Sk.  4906rHie~  elcfk  of  any  court  of  the 
United  Statea,  ibr  any  diatriet  or  Ttrritory 
wherein  tetdmony  it  to  lie  taken  for  uae  in  any 
contested  caa«  pendfaig  ia  the  patent  office, 
shall,  upon  the  appHoatton  of  any  paitythere- 
to,  or  of  hit  agent  or  attoner,  iicttc  a  atuipoena 
for  aiqr  witnes  retidiivor  Mng  w&hh)  mch 
dialrict  or  Territory,  ooBimawdlHg  Mm  to  ap- 
pear and  iuaifhihn  'tbf  officer  in  luch  dit- 

v4jalr,itfete.nk|4e^v.i^».m:  ».»i.a 

jr4  jSfy,  Of",  e.  t}s*l  43.  ▼•  «^  »•  ■»»■    •^■-  Mm, 


trict  or  Territory  atilhorited  to  lake  dcpoaitlnm 
and  aifRdavili,  at  any  time  and  place  in  ilii! 
subpoena  stated.  Rut  no  wilne««  shall  be  re- 
quired to  attend  at  any  place  more  than  forty 
miles  from  the  place  where  the  sub|XKna  it 
served  upon  him.* 

WItaeeo  Vmiu 
Sic.  4907.  Every  witness  duly  tubpoenned 
and  in  attendance  shall  be  allowed  the  tame 
fees  as  are  allowed  to  witnesses  a'tcnding  the 
courts  of  the  United  Sutes.' 

r«aalty  ftar  Fnlllav  t*  AMms4I  •w  ■•• 
AsolM*  US  TwsUey. 

Sec.  4908.  Whenever  any  witneu,  after 
being  duly  served  with  such  subpoena,  neglects 
or  reluset  to  appear,  or  after  appearing  refuses 
to  teatifv,  the  judge  of  the  wurt  whole  clerk 
iuued  tne  subpoena  may,  on  proof  of  tuch 
neglect  or  refusal,  enforce  obedience  to  ihe 
procett,  or  punith  the  ditobedienco,  aa  in 
other  like  catei.  But  no  witnett  shall  be 
guilty  of  contempt  for  disobeying  such  sub- 
poena, unless  hit  feet  and  travelling  expeniet  in 
going  to,  returning  from,  and  one  day't  attend- 
ance at  the  pUco  of  examination,  are  paid  or 
tendered  him  at  the  time  of  the  service  of  the  , 
subpoena;  nor  for  refuting  to  diKlose  any 
secret  invention  or  discovery  made  or  owned 
by  himself.* 
AMNsd*  tfm  FHasMfT  r.xMiaiBi«n  «• 


BMMtl«onklsi«C*«lef: 

Sk.  4009.  Every  ^>pUcant  for  a  patent  or 
for  the  r^ne  for  a  patent,  ai^  of  the  claims 
of  which  have  been  twice  rejected,  and  every 
party  to  aa  interference,  may  appeal  iiram  the 
decision  of  the  primarv  examiner,  or  <tf  the 
examiner  ia  charge  of  faiterferencct  in  tuch 
case,  to  the  board  of  examiaerfc-in-chief; 
having  once  paid  the  fee  for  auch  appeal.* 


Sbc.  4910.  If  inch  party  ia  distatinfied  with 
the  dedaioB  of  the  examinera-ia-ehiei;  he  auy, 


on 
to  the 


the  payment  of  th«  fee  pratttibed,  appeal 
to  oommittioa<v  la  peiaoa.* 


C  4911.  If  tncS^arty.  e;uwpt  «  paity  to 
an  interfaence,  It  diatatiiged  with  dte  decision 
of  the  coamittioBer,  he  ntay  appeal  to  the 
auprema  court  of  tlM  Diitriet  of  Cohaihft, 
litting  ia  banc* 


Stc.  491*.  When  an  appeaTia  tidcha  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  Dbtricl  of  Cohuabia, 
the  appdhmt  thall  give  aotloe  thereof  to  the 
commieioner,  and  file  hi  the  patent  office, 
within  mch  time  aa  the  comadMfamer  thall 
•ppoinf,  bia  reaiOM  of  appeal,  apedfioal^  act 
forth  ia  writfaig.' 


8k.  4911.  The  court  ahall.  before  hearing 
audi  vaum,  give  Jtotice  to  the  comaiarioaer 
of  the  m»  aad  place  of  the  haatiag^  nd  on 
receivii^  audi  aodce  dw  coaMniiaWiaiir  ahall 

49,  V.  t^,  [^  see. 


aiithnrlied  to  tnke  dcpmltiom 
t  any  titn*  and  place  in  the 
Rut  no  wilne^ii  ihull  b«  re- 
al any  place  more  than  foriy 
place  wnere  the  tub|xzna  ii 
,1 

mvf  witneaa  duly  tubpoenued 
:e  vhall  be  allowed  the  same 
gd  to  witnetact  amending  the 
ited  Sute*.* 

MIlM   f   At«MMl   W    U»- 

IMS  M  TmmUeg. 

Whenever  any  witnesa,  after 
1  with  auch  aubpoena,  neglects 
ear,  or  alter  appearing  nfutet 
dge  of  th«  wurt  whole  cleric 
xna  may,  on  proof  of  such 
«],  cnrorce  obedience  to  ihe 
lah  the  diaobedicnce,  M  in 
Bat  no  witneu  ahsU  be 
for  diaobeving  luch  anb- 
land  travelling  expeiuea  in 
ig  from,  Mid  one  day'a  attend- 
0  of  eMmiiuttion,  are  paid  or 
the  time  of  the  service  of  the  , 
br  refnaing  to  discloae  any 
or  discovery  made  or  owned 


lee 


rery  appUcmnt  for  a  patent  or 
r  a  patent,  any  of  the  claims 
een  twice  rejected,  and  every 
rfsrence,  may  appeal  (ram  the 
primanr  examiner,  or  of  the 
urge  01  Interferences  in  auch 
aard  of  examiaenb-in-chiefi 
1  the  fee  for  nich  appeal.* 
Mn4a<CM«ff«* 


'  such  party  is  dhwiHtfed  with 
lie  esaminen-in-chiel^  be  may, 
:  of  the  fee  preMribed,  ivpeal 
mat  la  penoa.* 


'  racfTpiuty.  tuept  •  party  to 
Ii  dimaOaied  whh  the  deeiiion 
loner,  be  laay  appeal  to  the 
of  the  DiKtrid  of  Gotamb^, 


•  cfliBek  AmmO. 

lien  an  appeaTi*  tana  ts  the 
of  the  IXMrict  of  Colombia, 
all  i^ve  notloe  thereof  to  the 
md  file  in  the  patent  oOee, 
ne  a*  the  commtmioner  ihall 
lonaof  appeal,  ^edfioalfy  Mt 

*  "^wSC**  **  *"***** 

he  court  wall,  befora  bearing 

re  iMtice  to  the  oomadaaiaMr 

piece  (tf  the  hearif^and  on 

tMNice  the  commlMiownr  iball 


,it|«.e.e|kkl 


rATEMTS. 


S7« 


live  notloe  of  luch  time  and  place  in  inch 
manner  aa  the  court  may  prescribe,  to  all  par- 
ties who  appear  to  be  interested  therein.  The 
party  appealing  shall  lay  befon  the  t-ourt  cer- 
tified copies  oTall  the  original  papers  and  evi- 
dence in  the  case,  and  the  commtaaioner  shall 
furnish  the  court  with  the  grounds  of  his  de- 
cixion,  fully  set  forth  in  writing,  touching  all 
the  points  involved  by  the  reosona  of  appeal. 
And  at  the  request  of  anv  party  interested,  cr 
of  the  court,  the  commissioner  and  the  exami- 
ners may  be  examined  under  oath,  in  explana- 
tion of  the  principles  of  the  thing  for  which  a 
mtent  is  demanded.' 
DelevisUawStoBs  mt  mieli  Aspeal  ■■#  l«« 


Sk.  4914.  The  court,  on  petition,  shall  hear 
and  determine  s'<'-h  appeal,  and  revise  the 
decision  apoeale  «n  in  a  summary  way,  on 
the  evidence  ptv,.dced  before  the  commis- 
lioner,  at  snrh  early  and  convmiient  time  a<i 
the  court  may  appoint ;  and  the  revision  shall 
be  confined  to  the  points  set  forth  in  the  reasons 
of  appeal.  After  hearing  the  case  the  court 
ihall  return  to  the  commissioner  a  certificate 
of  iis  proceedings  and  decision,  which  shall 
be  entered  of  record  in  the  pattat  oflice,  and 
Rhall  govern  the  further  proceedinjp  in  the 
case.  But  no  opinion  or  decision  oflhe  court 
in  any  sueh  case  shall  preclude  any  person 
interested  from  the  right  to  contest  the  validity 
of  such  patent  is  any  court  whercia  the  same 
may  be  called  in  question.' 
PntMstn  •MniMskl*  tgr  Mil  fas  Bval^. 

Sic.  4015.  Whenever  a  patent  on  applica- 
tion is  refused,  either  by  the  commissioner  of 
patents  or  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  District 
of  Columbia  upon  appeal  firam  the  commis- 
sioner, the  applicant  may  have  remedy  by  bill 
in  equity)  and  the  cowt  having  ccgaisuice 
thereof,  on  notice  to  adverse  noma  and  other 
due  proceedings  had,  may  aqjadge  that  such 
applicant  is  entitled,  acoording  to  law,  to  re- 
ceive a  patent  for  his  invenlioo,  aa  ^ecued  in 
his  claim,  or  fer  any  part  thereof  ea  the  facts 
in  the  case  may  appear.  And  smIi  adjudica- 
tion, if  it  be  in  favor  of  the  right  of  the  appli- 
cant, shall  aitfhoriae  the  comBuaaioner  to  nave 
such  patent  on  the  mlicant  filing  in  the  pa'ent 
office  a  copy  cf  the  aajndieiticii,  and  otherwise 
complying  with  the  requiremeata  of  law.  In 
all  caaas,  aHbert  ibere  m  ao  oppeaing  party,  a 
copy  of  the  bill  shall  be  served  ea  the  commis- 
sionert  »d  all  the  expenses  of  the  proceeding 
shall  be  paid  bv  the  applicaat,  whether  the 
final  dedsioa  is  la  Mt  nvcr  or  iwU  .  {Sat  I 

Sic.  4918.'  Whenever  any  patmtis  iaopera- 


covetT  more  than  he  had  a  right  to  claim  as 
new,  if  the  enor  has  arisen  1^  inadvertence, 
accident,  or  mistake,  and  without  any  fraudu- 
lent or  deceptive  intention,  the  commissioner 
shall,  on  the  surrender  of  such  patent  and  the 
pnyment  of  the  duty  required  by  law,  cause  a 
new  patent  for  the  same  invei'k.ion,  and  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  corrected  specification,  to  be 
iaued  to  the  patentee,  or,  in  case  of  his  death 
or  of  an  assignment  of  the  whole  or  any  undi- 
vided part  of  the  original  patent,  then  to  h\% 
executors,  administraton,  or  auigns,  for  the 
unexpired  part  of  the  term  of  the  original 
patent.  Such  surrender  shall  take  eillect  upon 
the  issue  of  the  amended  patent.  The  com- 
missioner may,  in  his  discretion,  cause  several 
patents  to  be  luued  for  distinct  and  separate 
parts  of  the  thing  patented,  upon  demand  of 
the  applicant,  and  upon  payment  of  the  re- 
quired  fee  for  a  reimue  for  each  of  auch  reis- 
sued letters  patent.  The  specifications  and 
claim  in  every  such  case  shall  be  subject  to 
revision  and  reatrictioa  in  the  same  manner  as 
original  applications  are.  Every  patent  so 
reiuued,  together  with  the  corrected  specifica- 
tion, shall  have  the  same  effitct  and  operation 
in  law,  on  the  trial  of  all  actions  for  causes 
therealwr  arising,  as  if  the  same  baa  been  orig- 
inally filed  in  such  oorrscted  form;  but  no 
new  matter  shall  be  intrc  need  into  the  speci- 
fication, nor  in  case  of  a  machine  patent  shall 
the  model  or  drawings  be  amended,  except 
each  by  the  other ;  but  when  there  is  neither 
model  aor  drawing,  amendments  may  be  made 
upon  proof  satislal'tory  to  the  commissioner 
that  soch  new  matter  or  aiaendment  was  a  part 
of  the  original  invention,  and  was  omitted  from 
the  specification  fav  inadvertence,  accident,  or 
■«i«^l>a  as  afcnmld.'' 


Sic.  4917.  Wlienever,  through  inadvertence, 
acoideat,  or  mistake,  and  withoot  any  firaudu- 
lent  or  deceptive  iatenttoa,  a  patmitee  has 
daiaied  more  than  that  of  which  he  was  the 
original  or  fint  iavaator  or  discoverer,  his 
patent  shall  be  valid  for  all  that  nait  which  is 
truly  and  lastly  his  own,  provided  the  same  is 
a  material  or  sabstaatial  part  of  the  Uiing 
patented  t  «ad  any  soch  patentee,  his  hein  or 
assigns,  whether  of  the  whole  or  any  secthwal 
interest  tbereia,  ^n  on  pavmeat  of  the  fee 
required  by  law,  niake  disclaimer  cf  snch  parts 
of  the  thii^  pat^ated  as  he  shall  aot  choose  to 
clafaa  or  to  hoM  by  virtue  of  the  patent  or  as- 
signment, statlag  therrin  the  extent  of  his 
Interest  In  sadi  pateat  Sach  disclaiawr  shall 
be  la  wrWag,  attaited  by  one  cr  laore  wit- 
Besses,  and  leended  in  the  patent  ofice;  and 
it  shall  thereaftar  be  considered  as  part  of  die 
original  apeeilcatioa  to  the  extent  of  the.  inter- 
est poaaessed  by  the  cfadmant  and  by 


S.M.W.aM«Laaa.|ti 


m 


PATENTS. 


cldnlac  on'*'  '■I'"  *^**  '^  record  tliereor. 
But  no  Mch  diMlaimar  •ball  •i.>ct  any  «ciiun 
pending  at  the  time  ot  iti  being  filed,  except 
•o  far  M  majr  relate  to  tke  aueMlon  of  anrea- 

■onable  neglect  or  deUy  In  filing  it.« 

•alia  IVMflklaff  tmtmtturimm  WtAamU. 
Sk.  40iI.  WheMver  there  are  interfering 
patenU,  aar  perMo  Intererted  in  anr  one  of 
Uwm.  or  in  tkt  working  of  the  invent  on 
claimed  under  either  oT  them,  may  hai«  relief 
•gaiMt  the  interfcring  pmenlee,  and  aU  paitiet 
imeiviMd  under  him,  by  rait  in  equity  againrt 
the  owneit  of  the  interfcring  patent;  and  the 
court,  oa  notice  to  advene  Piutiee,  and  other 
due  pnweedinge  had  acMfdittg  to  the  coune 
of  equity,  may  adjudge  and  declare  either  of 
the  pateMi  voW  &  whole  or  la  part,  or  inop- 
erative, or  lavaBd  ia  any  particuUr  part  of  the 
Unitdl  States  acoordlng  to  the  latereat  of  the 
partiea  ia  die  patntt  or  the  iavcatioa  jpateitfed. 
But  ao  ladiJadgBMat  or  adiudtoathw  ehall 
a«ect  the  right  of  any  Benon,  OKoept  the  partie. 
to  the  luit  and  thoe*  deriving  tUle  under  them 
•ttbaeqnent  to  the  readitioa  of  auch  judg- 

Bient."  ,    .^      

—Ha  mt  Wmt^%mw*mnU  fawa«ie 
Sm.  4010.  Damages  m  the  iafnngemeat  of 
aay  patent  may  be  lecovoied  by  actioa  oa  the 
caae,  to  the  aame  of  the  party  interaited,  either 
m  patentee.  aMlgnee,  or  grurtee.  Aad  when- 
evOT  ia  aay  rach  aotka  a  verdkk  la  r*adere<l 
for  the  ptalatiff,  the  court  mar  enter  Jndmaent 
thereoa  for  any  mm  above  the  aaioaat  foand 
by  the  veidtet  aa  the  actual  damagaa  mataiaed, 
aocordiM  to  tha  drcametaacea  of  the  case,  not 
exoeediag  three  times  the  amount  of  wch  ver- 
diet,  together  with^eeosto.* 


4.  That  he  was  not  the  orijcinal  and  firrt  in 
ventor  or  diicovcrer  of  any  material  and  tub- 
■Untial  part  of  the  thinR  patented ;  or, 

5.  That  it  had  been  in  public  uae  or  on  mIc 
in  this  country  for  more  than  two  veaia  bei'ort; 
his  amplication  for  a  patent,  or  had  been  aban 
donea  to  the  public. 

And  in  notices  as  to  proof  of  previous  in 
ventioa.knowledse.or  use  of  the  thing  patenled, 
the  ddrnndant  shall  stete  the  nsmes  of  pai 
entees  and  the  dates  of  their  patents,  sml 
when  granted,  and  the  names  and  residences 
of  the  penons  alleged  to  have  invented,  or  to 
have  had  the  prior  knowledge  of  the  thing 
pateated.  and  where  and  by  whom  it  hfd  been 
used)  aad  if  any  one  or  mom  of  the  special 
mattan  alleged  shall  be  found  for  the  defend- 
ant, Jadgmeat  shall  be  rendered  for  hfan  with 
coats.  Aad  the  like  defences  may  be  pleaded 
in  any  suit  in  equi^  for  relief  against  aa  alleged 
infringement  t  and  proofc  of  the  same  may  be 
given  upoa  like  aotlce  ia  the  aaswer  of  the  de- 
fendant,  aad  with  the  like  eilect.* 
«•««»•  la 


la  tmr'iadmfm  lathigemewt 
:  mar  plMd  tka  feaeralissM,  and 
Bodhwte  writioctotha  plalatiff 


Sic.4guo. 

kaviMgivea  M%t  fai  writing  M^  |daiat 
«f  hto  attoniey,  tWr^r  <tay»  bAr^  ■ffipww, 
oa  trial,  any  one  or  mbw  of  the  foOowiag 
iHSfiial  matteni 

I.  That  for  the  pwpose  o'^^'S^'^Sr*^ 
pnbUc  the  deseriadoa  tad  SMdficalkm  fiM  by 

Se  patentee  lb  &  t>«^  ««« '»r"^*«> 
ooauda  1cm  thaa  the  urtMle  truth  relative  to  hn 

inveatioa  oc  dboovery ,  or  mm  ihaa  la  Moes- 

fl.  T£t  ha  had  sauayHHiMsly  «  nMy 
obtdtoadthepitaatfiiir  t£Jl  wWA  wae  to  fcct 

tavealad  by  another,  wba  »«•■*«•  '»-'>■■'''« 
dtUgaaoa  to  adapiiag  aad  iMrfccttog  tht  amae -, 

" V  Thtf  it  had  beta  ftieatad  or  dMilbad  In 
io£t  printed  pahHeaOaa  prior  la  hh  aapilascd 
iaveaiioo  or  Mturmf  theraof  1  or. 


aeeal 
of  ao 


Sac.  <Mti.  The  several  courts  vested  with 

Srisdicttoa  of  eases  arising  under  the  patent 
ws  shaU  have  power  to  mnt  ininnctions  ac- 
cording to  the  couna  aad  princi|ries  of  omirt* 
of  eqmty,  to  prevent  dw  violaiUm  of  any  right 
aeeucd  by  patent,  oa  rach  terms  as  the  court 
Btay  deem  reasonable;  and  upon  a  decree  being 
rendered  in  aay  such  case  for  an  infringement, 
the  eoairiatnf«t  shall  be  entitled  to  recover,  in 
addUoa  to  the  profits  to  be  accounted  for  by 
the  defeadaat,  tbs  damagm  the  complainant 
has  sartaiaed  therebyt  aad  the  court  shall 
assem  the  saam  or  cause  the  same  to  be  ss- 
aessedaaderitsdiiaclion.  And  the  coart  shall 
have  tbe  saaM  power  to  increase  ra<A  damages, 
In  its  diaeratioe.  as  b  given  to  increase  the  dam- 
m  fouad  1^  verdicts  in  actions  in  tae  aaturs 
actioat  of  trespam  vpoe  t)w  a»^ 

iaaaSleatl  ■  — .— ■  rr — t-^ 
Sk.  aSnTWheaevMr.tiuoagh  inadvcrteac^ 
aoddeal,  or  aUatake,  aad  without  any  wUfnl 
dcfcalt  or  taiaat  to  deiiraud  or  aiislead  the  pub- 
Ik,  i  palwlW  b",  to  his  specificatton,  dafaned 
to  be  &  original  ami  fiist  toveator  «»  disetjr- 
eitr  oTaayaMMtWar  aabstaadalpmt  of  Uie 
tWBf  pal«rtad,ofwiilchhe  waa  aot<tha  orig^ 
iaatmdiitt  tovmlor  or  discomrer,  every  aa^ 
patmtat,  hb  eaecators.  adndaistntors,  and 
Sgp.  whether  of  the  whola  or  anr  sacdoad 
Sewrt  to  the  pulMt.  may  matotato  a  salt  St 
tow  or  to  aipity,  fcr  the  lafhagnMat  of  any 
part  AotaoCwMdi  waa  itimjUt  Ids  owa,  if 

ijS:  W.  M.  S.  I  Mateh.  SJ<i  O-  se.  t>.  • 


XTi-W-  MmmCXo.  jWaliA-  >9<:  B.  ■» 
Um.ssi:  H.«t.W.tBaad,4e]r. 


;.4Wa*k. 
tI.tUc 


r,-'^  .*  jr 


IM*  tht  original  »nd  <!r»t  in 
r«r  of  any  m»l«rl«l  and  lub- 
B  thinf(  patented ;  or, 
been  In  public  um  or  on  mIc 
r  more  than  two  vean  beJbro 
r  a  patent,  or  had  been  aban- 
Ic. 

aa  to  proof  of  prerioui  in 
le.or  UM  of  the  thing  p«i«ntcrl, 
all  lUto  th«  namm  of  pat- 
dates  of  their  patenta,  ami 
d  the  naraet  and  reaidencei 
leged  to  have  invented,  or  to 
rior  knowlcdM  of  the  thing 
ere  and  by  whom  it  hfd  been 
r  one  or  more  of  the  apecinl 
thall  be  found  for  the  defend- 
all  be  rendered  fior  him  wiih 
like  defence!  OMjr  be  pleaded 

yfor  relief  againit  an  allesrd 
procfc  of  the  tame  may  be 
Mtfce  in  the  MHwer  of  the  de- 

I  the  like  effect.* 
I*  la 


le  aeveml  coutta  veaud  with 
uea  arising  under  the  patent 
power  to  mnt  injonctions  ac- 
Nine  and  principlas  of  court* 
rent  the  vidbtUm  of  any  right 
it,  on  such  terms  as  the  court 
1^;  and  upon ■  decree beine 
ind>  case  for  an  infringement, 
•hall  be  entitled  to  recover,  in 
profits  to  be  accounted  for  by 
M  damages  the  complainant 
hereby)  nnd  the  court  shall 
or  cause  the  same  to  be  as- 
Unction.  And  the  court  shall 
>wer  to  increase  such  damages, 
as  is  given  to  increase  the  dam- 
Rdicli  in  actions  in  the  anture 
wp»m  upon  the  ease.' 


benever,  through  inadvertence, 
■take,  and  without  any  wilftd 
to  defraud  or  mislead  the  pub- 
is, i«  bis  specification,  daimcd 
a  aad  tot  inventor  ev^  Aaeov- 
ntlia^or  substantial  part  of  the 
of  wliidi  he  «w  Mt'dM  orig 
nmtor  or  d]M»*«rer,  every  iudi 
ntecutois.  ndministratora,  und 
r  of  the  wboteorauf  secdonal 
patent,  may  mainlria  «  salt  at 
y,  far  the  Iniiriagement  of  •»: 
licli  was  hmmJUi  Ms  ( 


H 


•.'s.  t  MmA.  iJt:  O-  •••  !>■  ■ 


PATENIS— IJESIGN9. 


S7S 


it  i»  a  material  and  lubatantial  part  of  the 
thing  patentea,  and  definitely  distinguishable 
from  tne  parts  clalnned  without  right,  notwith- 
itanding  the  specifications  may  embrace  more 
than  that  of  which  the  patentee  was  tEie  fint 
inventor  or  discoverer.  But  in  every  such  cane 
in  which  a  judgment  or  decree  nhM  be  ren- 
dered for  the  plaintiff',  no  costs  shall  be  recov- 
ered unlets  tne  proper  disclaimer  lias  been 
entered  at  the  patent  office  before  the  com- 
mencement of  the  suit.  But  no  patentee  shall 
be  entitled  to  the  benefiu  of  this  section  if  he 
has  uimasonably  ne^ected  or  delayed  to  enter 
a  disclaimer.' 

mtMit  ■•«  TvM  •■  AMMiMt  t  rwmwUnm 
Va*  ta  r«Mil||«  CMiatay. 

Sbc.  49t3.  Whenever  it  appears  that  a  pat- 
entee, at  the  time  of  making  his  applicaiion 
for  the  putent,  believed  himself  to  be  tne  orig- 
inal ana  first  invenlar  or  diaooverer  of  the  thing 
patented,  the  seme  shall  not  be  held  to  be  void 
on  account  of  the  invention  or  discovery,  or 
any  part  thereof,  having  been  known  or  used 
in  a  foreign  country,  before  his  invention  or  dis- 
coverv  thereof,  if  it  had  not  been  putented  or 
described  in  a  printed  publication.* 

■aiwsaiam  •rvataata  Waaata*  rrlar 
ia  Maiali  M,  IMl. 

Sk.  4«aA.  Where  the  patentee  of  any  in- 
vention or  discovery,  dw  patent  for  which  was 
granted  prior  to  the  aeoond  day  of  March, 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixtv-ooe,  shall  desire  an 
extension  uf  this  patent  beyond  the  original 
term  of  its  limitatum,  he  shall  make  applica* 
lion  therefor  in  writing  to  the  commissioner  of 
patents,  setting  forth  the  reasons  why  such  ex- 
tension  should  be  granted  t  end  he  ahall  also  ' 
rumish  a  written  statement  under  oath  of  the 
ucertidned  value  of  the  invention  ordteoovery, 
and  of  his  receipts  and  expenditures  on  account 
thereof,  sufficiently  in  detail  to  exhibit  a  true 
and  fanhfol  aeconnt  of  the  loss  and  profft  in 
any  auuuer  accruing  to  him  fay  reasoa  of  the 
inveatioa  or  discovery.  Such  ap|dicatioB  sh.tll 
be  filad  act  BMire  than  sbt  numths  nor  lew  than 
ninety  days  before  the  expiration  of  the  orig- 
inal teifai  of  the  pateat;  and  no  extension  shall 
be  graalad  after  the  expintioa  of  the  original 
lerai.* 


Sac.  4ias.  Upon  the  receipt  of  auch  appli- 
catioa  aad  Oka  payment  of  the  fcea  required  by 
law,  dm  ooanunHoaer  ahall  cause  to  be  pub- 
lished ia  oaa  aawapiqMr  in  the  city  of  Wash- 
ingiaa,  aad  in  nidi  other  papers  pnUiihed  in 
the  seelioa  of  tka  CMmtrr  aMSt  interested  ad- 
vena^  to  (ha  aitan^  of  the  pteat  as  ha  may 

■       >the 

such 

sppUeidoB,  aad  (7  the  time'  and  place  when 


deem  paper,  for  at  least  stxty  4^r>  prior  to ) 
day  aet  for  kaariaa  the  caM,a aoiica  cf  su 
sppUeidoB,  aad  (7  the  time  and  place  wt 


•^..-^Ul^hJ:^ 


•^•^^rw.'tM'fe 


and  where  the  tame  will  be  considered,  that 
any  person  may  appear  and  show  cause  why  the 
exteniion  should  not  be  granted.* 
ApplleaSlaMa  tor  Katleanlaa,  <•  WtMna 


Sec.  4010.  Upon  the  publication  of  the 
notice  of  an  application  for  an  extension,  the 
commiuiolier  shall  refer  the  cose  to  the  prin- 
cipal examiner  having  charge  of  the  class  of 
inventions  to  which  it  belongs,  who  shall  make 
the  commissioner  a  full  report  of  the  case, 
stating  particularly  whether  the  invention  or 
discovery  was  new  and  patentable  when  the 
original  patent  was  granted.' 

CaiMMiaalawaa  *•  Hear  aa4  l>aei<e  tka 
^aaatlaa  aff  Bmtaaalaa. 

Sac  4aa7.  The  commissioner  shall,  at  the 
time  and  place  designated  in  the  published 
notice,  hear  and  decide  upon  the  evidence  pro- 
duced both  for  and  against  the  extension;  and 
if  it  ahall  appear  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  com- 
missioner that  the  patentee,  without  neglect  or 
fault  on  hia  pan,  has  failed  to  obtain  from  the 
use  aad  ssle  <  r  his  invention  or  discovery  a 
reasonable  renin neration  for  the  time,  ingeno- 
ity,  and  expense  bestowed  upon  it,  and  the  in- 
troductkm  of  it  into  use,  ana  that  it  is  just  and 
proper,  having  due  regard  to  the  public  in- 
terest, that  the  term  of  the  patent  should  be 
extended,  the  commimioner  snail  make  a  c<r- 
tificate  thereon,  renewing  and  ext<!nding  tlia 
patent  for  the  term  of  seven  years  from  the  «(• 
piratioB  of  the  first  term.  Such  certificate  shall 
lie  recorded  in  the  patent  cffice ;  and  thereupon 
such  patent  shall  nave  the  same  cfiiect  in  law 
as  though  It  hod  been  originally  granted  fo 
twenty-one  years.' 

•tparatlaa  af  Kataaalaaa. 

Sic  41^.  The  benefit  of  the  extension  of 
a  patent  shall  extend  to  the  assignees  and 
grantees  of  the  right  to  use  the  thing  patented, 
to  the  extent  of  their  interest  therein.* 

raracim. 

^Patamla  ffw  IkeaivM  Amtt»mwim»*. 

Sic  4gaa.  Any  person  who,  by  his  own  in* 
dustry,  genus,  cfforU,  and  expense,  has  in- 
vented and  produced  any  new  aad  (Hrigina- 
design  for  a  manufacture,  bust,  etatue,  alto-rel 
lievo,  or  bas-relief;  any  new  and  original  de< 
sign  for  the  printing  of  woollen,  silk,  cotton,  or 
otner  fabrics;  any  new  and  original  impression, 
onuunent,  petent  [pattern],  print,  or  picture  to 
be  printed,  painted,  cast,  or  otherwise  placed . 
oa  or  worked  into  any  article  of  manu&ctare; 
or  any  new.  useful,  and  original  shape  or  con- 
figuration «t  any  article  or  manufiicture,  the 
same  not  having  been  known  or  used  by  clheis 
before  his  invention  or^  production  thmof,  or 
patented  or  described  in  any  printed  publica 
lion,  may,  upon  payment  of  the  fee  prncribed, 
and  other  due  prooBedinga  had  the  samaas  ia 

M.  H.satsU!k,>tf)r:  C««-Y:*natch.47i-  x-M. 
ift,  p.  sot  J  W.  «».  R.  4  How.  646 :  B.  M.  MeQ.  m 
How.  MD ;  C.  w.  Tka  B.  B.  Co.  m  How. an;  g.  gy, 
M.  I  im.  S4o:  N.  P.  C.  M.J.  »  WoM  4Si  B.  M. 
D.  il  Wall.  414:  O.  •».  C.  •  A»A.  146:  i.  w.  W.  • 
Kaleh.y>7:  6.  ••.  R.  Co.  3  BUlch.  4N ;  P.s«.C.4 
McUaa.)U. 


■wjj A  .  "'vK'  mi  s^um^^^mu),  ^ 


174 


PATENTS— OEttlONS  AND  TKADK-MARKS. 


of  iDvention.   or  ditcoveriw,  obtain  • 
palMt  tharafor.*  _ 

SK.  MSO.  Th«  commiMioncr  rim  dlapcDM 
with  Modt*!  of  dMignt  when  the  datign  can  ba 
luffidantly  rapraaentcd  by  drawing!  or  photo- 
grapha.'  _ . 

Sic.    M|I.    Patanta   for   deaigna   mar  ba 

granted  tor  the  tann  of  three  veara  aiwl  aix 

ip.oatha,  or  tot  leren  yeait,  or  ferfourtaeB  yean, 

an  the  applicant  may.  in  hia  applicalion,  elect.* 

Sm«MMlMa  •€  riMMiM  fcr  •g'kff^ 

Sk.  40St.  Patenteea  of  deaigna  Uaued  prior 

to  the  aecond  day  of  March,  ei^iteen  hoadred 

and  aixty-ona,  ahall  ba  entitled  to  eztenalon  of 

their  reapccUve  pateaU  for  the  term  of  aeren 

ycar^  in  the  same  manner  and  wider  the  aame 

reatrieUona  aa  are  provided  for  the  extanaion 

of  patenu  for  invealioaa  or  diaeoreriea,  iaaued 

'  prior  to  the  aecond  day  of  March,  eightaaa 

hundred  and  aitty  —  ~ 


Sic.  4M3.  AU  the  raginationa  and  paovi- 
iton*  whiX  apfdy  to  obtaining  or  protecting 
catcnU  for  inventiooa  or  diaoovariea  not  incon- 
littent  with  the  proviriaaa  of  thia  title,  ahall 
tfl»y  to  pateata  for  daaigta.* 


iwSwffi* 


iiatea 


commiiaionar  of  patenia,  or  to  the  treaawer  nr 
any  of  the  aMiatant  trcaaurera  of  the  United 
Statea,  or  to  any  of  the  deaignatad  danaaitarie», 
national  banlu,  or  raceivera  of  pnbiw  money, 
deaignatad  by  the  accretary  of  the  treaanry  for 
that  purpoaet  and  such  o^oer  shall  give  (hi' 
depoeitor  a  receipt  or  certiftcata  of  dcpoiii 
therefor.  All  money  received  at  tha  patei.t 
office,  for  any  purpoac,  or  from  any  aounc 
whatever,  ahall  ba  paid  into  tha  treasury  as  re 
ceived,  without  any  deduction  whatever.* 

Sk.  4B30.  The  trcaanrcr  of,  tha  United 
Statea  ia  authoriied  to  pay  back  any  aum  or 
auBU  of  money  to  any  penMn  who  haa  thrau|[h 
mistake  jpaid  the  aame  into  tha  treasury;  or  to 
any  raoaiver  or  depositary,  to  tha  credit  of  th<- 
traaavry,  aa  for  feea  accruing  at  tha  patent 
oAce,  Bpon  a  certiAcata  thereof  being  maHa  tu 
tha  traaaurer  hytim  oomniaaiooer  of  pattnu.* 


ifSOi 


1A»»MAMK. 


Sic.  40M< 
for  patent  feeat 

On  filing  each  original  anplicatUm  for  a 
patent,  except  fan  deaign  cama,  fifteen  doHaia. 

On  iiauii^  Mch  ori<|iaal  patent,  except  in 
design  caaea,  twenty  doUan. 

In  deaign  caaaai  For  three  yaan  and  six 
months,  ten  dolUuai  for  seven  yeaia,  fifteen 
dollatat  for  fomtecn  yeata,  thknr  doUara. 

On  lUing  aadi  caveat,  ten  doUaia. 

On  every  apnUcadon  for  the  leiaaiM  of  a 
patent,  thlr^  dcllaia. 

Ob  filing  each  diacUimer,  ten  dolhot. 

Ob  every  apiriicathNt  for^tha  axtcnsioB  of  a 
patent,  fifty  doUara. 

On  tha  granting  of  every  exteniioB  of  a 
patent,  fifty  doUaia. 

On  an  appeal  far  the  fint  time  from  the 
primarv  examineia  to  the  examinera-in-chief, 

ten .  oliaii.  .        .     . .  , 

On  every  appeal  ham  the  examinata'in-chier 
to  the  comroiwMier,  twenty  d<dlan. 

For  certified  copiaa  of  patenia  and  other 
pepera,  including  ceitifiad  printed  copica,  ten 
cenia  per  hundred  worda. 

For  laoording  every  earignment,  agreement, 
power  of  attoraey,  or  other  paper,  of  three 
hundrad  worda  «r  aadef,  one  dollar)  of  over 
thviM  hundred  and  under  one  thoosaad  words, 
twodoUata;  of  iaveroaetiboaaandirardi, three 
doUaia. 

For  oopiea  of  dnwiam  0*  leawimhle  coat 
cir  making  them.* 


Sk.  ^nh  Pwant  foaa  may  be  paid  to  tha 
B-WJ  n;  p. aoa:  C ^-  ■•J? ^A  »»9 'Jf-p^J*- 


^  -  marW  iv  tkt  Htmmtt  amd  Hmt*  »f 
tMmml»livt$  tf  Ik*  Vnit*d  StmUt  m  Cut 
giiu  tutmkM,  That  ownera  of  irada-mariit 
Med  in  commerce  with  foreign  natioMi  or  anth 
tfM  Indian  tnbes,  provided  auch  ownera  thall 
ba  domiciled  in  the  United  Statea  or  k>catcd 
in  any  ftiraign  conniry  or  tnbea,  which,  by 
traaty,  convention,  or  law,  aflonto  amilar  priv- 
Utgas  to  cituena  of  the  United  SUtea,  may  ob- 
Ma  nfistralion  of  such  trade-marks  by  com- 
plyuMt  wMh  the  following  requircmenlai 

Fint.  By  causing  to  be  recorded  in  the 
)  Patent  Offiea  a  Hatemcnt  qiedifyina  naaM. 
domicile,  location,  and  ciOaenihip  of  the  party 
applyingitheclamofBicrckandiie.aiidthepai- 
ttoAir  deaeripiion  of  goeda  comprised  in  each 
claasto  which  the  particttlaruadcmark  haaheen 
appiopnalcd;  a dcacriptwa of  the  tiademarfc 
ilaalf,  with  be  sumles  thereof,  and  a  statement 
of  the  mode  in  which  the  tame  ia  applied  and 
affixed  to  gooda,  and  tha  length  of  time  during 
which  the  traia-maik  has  been  used. 

Second.  %i  payii«  into  the  Treaaury  of  Ike 
United  States  the  sum  of  twenty-five  dollars, 
and  complying  with  such  rcguktiona  aa  may  be 
iireacribad  by  the  Coaamnaioncr  of  PlMila. 

Sk.  t.  Thatthe'apfilicatioaprcacnbedlathc 
foregmng  sectian  amat.  ia  order  to  onifrta  any 
right  whatever  la  fiivor  of  the  parly  filing  U,  be 
accompanied  hva  wTittea  dadatation  veriiled  fay 
the  pertM.  or  by  •  ■»«ab«r  af  a  firm,  or  tar  an 
officer  of  aeorpiwHtoa  anplyinf,  to  the  eUaci 
that  such  party  haa  at  tlie  ttme  a  right  to  the 
uae  of  thctid|c-awrkMm|htloberegiaierad. 
and  thai  no  other  ntnoa,  firm  or  corpomten 
has  the  nght  to  aacfc  «aa,  cither  in  tha  identkal 
fem  or  IB  aay  aadi  aaar  reeaflihlance  thanip 
aa  aridrt  be  cslcalaud  to  deceive;  that  Mch 
tiademaric it  aaad in  commcree  with ^for*i« 
ladiaa  Iribe8,aa  above  iadicalidt 


w. ., , 

HalMa^ala. 


L.,  «.  w.  O.  t  Bbtdi.  m:  R.  •*.  B.  4 


patmlt,  or  to  the  (fwrir  or 
int  trcMunn  of  tk«  United 
if  th«  dMignatad  daptMitwrieii, 
r  rtceiven  of  pablw  WBonty, 
■ccretuy  of  tM  ttmmty  fi)i 
1  such  o^ccr  nhall  girt  the 
ipt  or  c«rtifiaU<i  of  dcpoaii 
Mirf  received  at  the  patcht 
lurpoM,  or  from  any  aounir 
9  paid  into  the  trcuury  as  re- 
ny  deduction  whatever.* 


ba  treatarer  of,  Iha  Uniiol 
i«d  to  pay  bacic  any  tarn  or 
>  any  pciaon  wlio  hat  thfough 
una  into  tba  treaiary;  or  to 
lepoeitaiy,  to  the  credit  of  the 
(m*  accmiag  at  the  patent 
tiflcata  thareof  being  maHe  iu 
be  «oamiMioaer  of  patenu.* 

Sy  ikt  Sttuit  »nd  Hmi*  y 
/  ik»  IMMtd  SlmUi  m  C»it 
TiMtt  ownera  of  tradc-markt 
9  with  ibreign  naliona  or  w:ih 
,  provided  inch  owners  ihall 
the  United  Suics  or  located 
Dowiiry  or  tribes,  which,  by 
I,  or  law,  ailonto  stinilar  priv- 
of  the  Unitad  SUtes,  nay  ob 
of  aach  trade-marlu  by  ooan- 
allowing  reqairementoi 
Bs(ng  to  be  recorded  in  the 

alaltniaiit  spadfying  rmm, 
n.  and  ettitanship  of  Um  party 
IB  of  nerdiandut,  and  the  pat- 
m  of  gooda  oompnsad  in  Mch 
I  paitlcttlaruadcmark  haabeen 
description  of  the  tnde-«aric 
mles  thereof,  and  a  stateasent 
irUch  the  aama  is  applied  and 
and  the  length  of  lime  during 
iMik  has  been  used, 
paying  into  the  Treasvry  of  the 
ke  swn  of  twenty-five  dollars. 
rMh  such  regulations  as  may  be 
■  Conunnaioncr  of  Pli^nlt* 
he'apiiUcation  ptctentid  in  the 
I  nHMT.  in  order  to  craple  any 
I  bvor  of  the  party  fiHiig  it,  be 
a  written  declaration  vcrflled  by 
f  a  HMmber  of  a  firm,  or  by  an 
oration  apphmg,  to  the  diact 

has  at  the  nme  a  right  to  the 
i-nMik  touf  ht  to  be  regiHarad. 
ir  penon.&nn  or  corpenlion 
RM&  iM,  ckhcr  in  the  identkal 
andinear  icaMnblance thetelo 
lodaled  to  deceive;  that  *ich 
Md  in  oommcree  with  forein 
an  ttibea^as  above  indteatiit 

(J*  *."••«*.  •J*-t«..»-«fl 


PATENTS— TRADEMARKS. 


m 


and  dm!  the  deserlpHon  and  fac  flmik*  pre 
siiitad  for  registry  truly  represent  ihe  trade - 
auric  sought  lo  be  registered. 

Sac.  %.  That  ihe  lime  of  the  receipt  of  any 
inch  application  shall  be  noted  and  recortied. 
But  no  alleged  irade-mark  shall  be  registered 
nnless  the  same  appear  lo  be  lawfully  used  at 
rach  by  the  applicant  in  foreign  commerce  or 
commerce  with  Indian  tribes,  as  above  men- 
tioned, or  is  within  the  provision  of  a  treaty, 
convention,  or  declaration  with  a  foreign 
power;  nor  which  is  merely  Ihe  name  of  the 
ipplicanti  nor  which  is  identical  with  a  regis- 
leied  or  known  trade-mark  owned  by  another, 
snd  appropriate  to  the  aama  class  of  mercban- 
diie,  or  which  ao  nearly  resembles  some  other 
person's  lawAil  trademark  as  to  be  likely  to 
cinse  confusion  or  misuke  in  the  mind  of  the 
public,  or  to  deceive  purchaaeta.  In  an  appli- 
cation for  registration  the  Commissioner  of 
Psients  shall  decide  the  preaumplive  lawfubieM 
of  claim  to  Ihe  alleged  trade-mark  t  and  in 
sny  dispute  between  an  applicant  and  a  pre- 
vious registrant,  or  between  applicants,  he  shall 
follow,  so  fw  at  the  same  may  be  applicable, 
the  pradiee  of  ooarta  of  equity  of  the  United 
Stales  in  analogous  eases. 

Sic  4.  That  certifieatca  t^regialry  of  trade- 
marks  ihall  be  iseued  in  the  name  of  the 
United  Statca  of  Ametiea.  under  lite  seal  of 
Ike  Dcnaitmcnt  of  the  Interior,  and  shall  be 
■gncd  by  the  Commissioner  of  Patents,  and  a 
record  thereof,  together  with  printed  copiea  of 
the  specifications,  shall  be  kept  in  books  for 
that  pnrpoae.  Copiea  of  trade-marks  and  of 
<«teasentt  and  dcelaraUona  filed  therewith, 
ud  cntifioataa  of  registry  so  signed  and  sealed, 
ifcail  be  evidenee  in  any  auit  in  which  such 
Inde-marfca  shall  be  brought  in  controveny. 

Sk.  s.  That  n  oeitiflcato  of  registry  shall 
icmain  In  force  for  thirty  years  from  thu  date, 
except  in  cases  where  the  trade-mark  is  claimed 
for  and  applied  to  aitielea  not  manufectuied  in 
this  comtnr,  and  in  which  it  teeei  vea  protection 
inder  the  laws  of  a  fonton  country  for  a  shorter 
peitod,  in  which  caaa  it  shall  cease  to  have  any 
force  in  Ihia  oonntry  by  virtue  of  this  act  at  the 
bme  that  anch  trudamark  ceaseato  be  exdusive 
property  elsewhere.  At  any  time  during  the 
n  months  prior  to  the  expiration  of  the  term 
rf  thirty  years  each  registnuion  nay  be 
renewed  on  the  sane  terns  and  for  a  like 
period. 

.J"*^v?:  ""^  ..■«*«■«•  S»  reglrtratlon 
«nder  thia  a«t  shaU  be  credited  for  My  foe  or 

T,^  ?,!!fJr!?*^'»*»  paid  Into  Ihe  iWnry 
M  the  Uttiled  States  with  intent  to  nrocniv 
FntedhMforlheMunolnMle-maik. 

Sk,  7.  That  ragialniion  of  a  trade-naik 
A.II  be  j»rA« /!«<,  «Wence  of  ownenhip. 
Aay  person  who  ahaU  itprodnoe,  oounterfctL 

entered  mder  tlii  net.  and  aflfa  the  aa»e  to 
MrchandiM  of  BufaatantMly  the  aaaw  deaerip- 
IIS'*'?CSri?Vte"  •'-"'had  in  the  la^ 
Mion,  ihall  be  Unbie  taan  action  on  the  m 
w  dawMB  for  the'  umeagfel  «m  of  taki  j 


and  the  party  aggrieved  shall  also  have  his 
remedy  according  to  Ihe  course  of  eauily  to 
enjoin  ihe  wrongrul  uim  of  such  trade  mark 
used  in  foreign  commerce  or  commerce  with 
Indian  tribet,  as  aforesaid,  an<l  lo  recover  com- 
pensation therefor  in  any  court  having  jurisdic- 
tion over  Ihe  person  guilty  of  such  wrongful 
act  I  and  courts  of  the  United  Stale*  shall  have 
original  and  appellate  juntdiction  in  tuch  cases 
without  renrd  lo  the  amount  in  controversy. 

Sic.  S.  Thai  no  action  or  suit  shall  be  main- 
tained under  the  provisions  of  this  act  in  any 
case  when  the  trademark  is  used  in  any  un- 
lawful business  or  upon  any  article  injurious 
in  itself,  or  which  mark  has  been  used  with 
the  design  of  deceiving  the  public  in  the 
purchase  of  merchandise,  or  under  any  certifi- 
cate of  registry  fraudulently  obtainH. 

Sic.  o.  That  any  person  who  shall  procure 
the  registry  of  a  trade-mark,  or  of  himself  as 
the  owner  of  a  trade-mark,  or  an  entry  respect- 
ing a  trade-mark,  in  the  office  of  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Patents,  by  a  false  or  fraudulent 
representation  or  declaration,  orally  or  in  writ 
mg,  or  by  any  fraudulent  means,  shall  be 
liable  lo  pay  any  damages  susuined  in  conse- 
quence thereof  to  tha  iiuured  party,  lo  be 
recovered  in  an  action  on  the  case. 

Sw.  10.  That  nothing  in  thu  act  shall  pre- 
vent, lessen,  impfsach,  or  avoid  any  rerae^  at 
law  or  in  eouity  which  any  party  aggrieved  by 
any  wrongful  use  of  any  irade-mark  might 
have  had  if  the  pravisiens  of  this  act  had  not 
been  passed. 

Sk.  II.  That  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be 
construed  as  unfavorably  affecting  a  claim  to  a 
trade-mark  after  the  term  of  registration  shall 
have  eipired;  nor  to  give  cognisance  to  any 
court  of  the  United  Sutes  in  an  action  or  suit 
betweeta  eititcns  of  the  same  Sute,  unlets  ihe 
trade -mark  in  controversr  it  used  on  goods 
intended  to  be  transported  to  a  (Dieign  coun- 
try, or  In  hiwfiil  commercial  intercourse  with 
an  Indian  tribe. 

Sic.  ta.  That  the  Cbmmissioncr  of  PMenu 
is  authorised  to  make  rulea  and  regulations  and 
prescribe  forms  for  the  transfer  of  the  nght  \m 
use  trade-marks  and  for  recording  such  tran» 
fers  in  his  office. 

Sic.  ig.  That  citisens  and  residentt  of  this 
country  wishing  the  protection  of  trade  marks 
in  any  foreign  counby  the  lawa  of  which  re- 
quire registration  here  as  a  condition  precedent 
to  getting  such  protection  there  may  register 
Iheir  tnidensarks  for  that  pnrpoae  as  is  above 
Mlowed  to  fotewners,  and  have  certificate 
thereof  ftom  the  ntent  Office. 

Aa  AM  An»M»v«e  ABKUrt  ■,  ■•••. 
Btil  ttuutHl  ty  tht  Smote  ami  Kmim  (/ 
MtpriMtimtiimofllutMUidSlaHffAmtrUa 
M  Cm^n$  tumNtd,  That  nothing  contained 
in  the  law  entitled  "An  act  to  authonte  the 
registration  of  trade-marks  and  protect  the 
Htoe,"  approved  Match  3. 1881.  shall  prtvent 
Ihe  rwislry  of  am  Uwfel  trademark  rightfol^ 
naed  fy  the  applicant  in  foreign  oomraerec  or 

itoene  with  ladlrn  tribe*  at  the  liM  of  Uw 


r' 


"A 


JT« 


PATENTS. 


Vo  ptfMMi  umU  maknuin  aa  KUon  for  IM 
InlHagimiM  of  hit  coujrright  unlcM  k«  »h«ll 
giv*  notlc*  tiMraof  by  iiiMrting  in  the  Mveral 
GOpiw  of  avtry  tdUioo  publUhad,  on  the  lilla 
{MM  <r  lb*  p«g«  imuMdialdy  following,  if 
Itbt  •  book }  or  if  «  nup.  oUrt.  miuic*! 
compodUoa,  print,  cut,  •ngmvlng.  piMXogra|di, 
painUng,  dimwinf ,  okromo.  iialM,  ■tatuary.  or 
modal  or  daaign  TnUnd«4  to  bt  perfected  and 
tomplalad  aa  a  work  of  the  fine  arti.  by  in- 
■criUng  epon  tome  viaible  portion  tbereof.  or 
of  tka  Mbaunoa  o«  wkich  Ike  Ma»e  ahall  be 
mounted.  «be  following  wordt.»lt.  i  "  Entered 

according  to  act  of  Con|peaa,  In  Ike  year ■. 

1»  A.  B.,  in  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of 
Congraw,  at  Waabington  ( "  or,  at  hia  option, 
the  word  ••  Copyright,"  together  with  the  year 
the  eopyright  waa  entered,  and  the  name  of 
the  patty  fay  whom  k  waa  taken  «mti  thi»— 
"Copyiilght.  i»-.hyA.B." 

8k.  a.  ThirtlBr'  recor«ngan4  certifying 
•ay  Inttrameet  of  wHliaf  ki  the  aaaignment 
of  a  eopvrighl.  the  lihraiftn  of  Coii|reM  ahall 
receive  fto*  the  perKma  to  who*  the  aarvice 
to  rendered,  o»w  dollar  t  and  fcr  every  copy  of 
an  aaaignment,  one  dollar;  aald  fee  to  cover,  in 
either^aae,  a  certifioatp  of  the  record,  under 
aeal  ofthellbvartoa  of  Coagrawi  and  aU  few 
80  received  ahnU  be  paid  Into  the  Ueauur  of 
the  United  fltalet. 


I  of  thieved 


? 

ninttiationa 

•nd  no 


••nit,"and''priat; 


pictiniai 
Mi»iMC(a4  with  the  BM  art*,  tnd  no 

liM*  d«(rif«cd  to  b«  oMd  fcr  mr 

a|)Mr#^a»of  iiMn^raGtwt  ahaQ  he  miered 
Saitr  *e  cppwjA  Jmt.  htt  p»y  bt  f^ghterri 
iatlMptfwioBoe,ind[tkf  emmif^mm  <J 
patenta  ia  hereby  (A«fe4  with  the  wpcnrWoa 
andcMrttol  of  tht  •«l*7  * '3lr7  "^  «?"* 

OMdiag  the  tkle  oTanyp^  or  JdM»not  • 
mSwSke aeir^f^tUwilMliliiltf  of  P«MM» 


hundred  and  tevenlythree,  aa  rtvitcd  anrf 
conitolidaled  by  commi»»ioner«  appointed  ander 
an  act  of  CongrcM,  and  the  tame  thai!  b«  detiK 
naicd  and  cilcd,  aa  the  Revlicd  Sialulea  of  Ihu 
United  Suten. 

•e*Ml  mt  Ae«a  BmM«m«  la  KevtolM. 
SIC.  gS0>-  All  acta  of  Congrcaa  paiacd  prior 
to  taid  nnl  day  of  December,  one  tbouiand 
eight  hundred  and  ■eveniy-lhree,  any  portion 
of  which  ia  embraced  in  any  taction  of  aaiil 
revition,  are  hereby  repealed,  and  the  aection 
applicable  thereto  ahall  be  bfi  iorce  in  lien 
thereof;  all  parte  of  inch  acta,  not  contained 
in  inch  reviaion.  having  been  repealed  or 
•uperaeded  by  aubeequent  acta,  or  not  bciiiK 
general  and  permanent  in  their  aatura  i  /Vo 
viM,  That  the  iaeorporation  into  taid  levitiun 
of  any  general  and  permanent  proviaion,  taken 
from  an  act  making  appeoDrialiona.  or  from  an 
act  containing  other  proviaiona  of  a  private, 
local,  cr  tempMtary  character,  ahall  not  repeal, 
ce  in  any  way  aflect  aay  apprcprialion,  or  any 
proviilo*  of  a  private,  local,  or  tamiwrary  char- 
acter, eonlaiacd  ia  any  of  taid  acU,  but  the  tame 
ahall  reeaain  in  fcrce;  and  all  acU  of  CoitgreM 
paaaed  prior  to  mid  kat-naaaed  dav.  no  part  of 
which  are  embraced  ia  aaid  reviaion,  ahall  not 
be  afccted  or  char^  ^y Jta^"?^""**- 

Sac.  giigr.  The  wtpST  of  the  leveml  acU 
Mabrao^TTa  aaid  revMoa  ahall  not  aiict  any 
act  doaiK,  or  any  riaht  accruing  or  acipmed,  or 
aay  auit  or  proceefliiw  h«d  or  comMBMd  m 
aay  civil  cauae  befon  the  aaid  repeal,  bat  all 
righto  and  liafalUliae  under  taid  acto  ahall  coo- 
tiatta,  aMl  m^  be  enforced  ia  the  lemc  «»ncr, 
aaifaaMfflMlMMlwitbMnmadei  nor  ahall 
a«i4  i«|*ll  In  tny  iwuiner  atect  the  light  to  any 

penaldcToir  forMtvrw  incvrnd  i«4«r  wy 
elataM  aaliracad  ia  laM  mrWau  mior  t9  wd 
repeal,  9»y  bt  prowoted  Mid  punUted  to  »h« 
^-^mfaner  and  with  «lto  Mmt  cftct  w  if  aaid 


J^%3:^_!^f"^ 


nqiMllMid  not  htenBi|{d»^ 

Sic.  m^  m^  m>U^  ^^^ 
apBlicahIt  to  dvil  caaaea  and  proceedingt,  or 
to  the  proaecntion  of  oSencea,  or  far  the  re- 
eoverytf  peaaltioa  or  farfeitarea.  embraced  in 
mU  hfUSm  tad  advered  bf  aaid  repeal,  th^l 
not  ha  Acted  dmicby.  bat  all  aaita^  pnceed 
lap  oRprotiecutioaa,  whether  dyU  or  crhnhwl. 
uTcSA^  aiMnfOf  tcto  *me  or  «omitt«d 
prior  t«i  aaid  \mM,  may  baeopinwtai  «m» 
pnaeemad  withft  Op  aaoM  tfafw  aa  if  aaid  n- 
teal  had  not  hct^"  made. 
r-T    ^ CTnartHwm  H»  f 


ttonofntaf 


.  __  and  claaaifrv 

, iMtalawlidMofthcimrtokMihaM 

btw  mdk  fcr  te  panpoaa  flf  a  iiai*  floavca- 
toirt  and  Mdarty  anangnnaat  of  tim  aHBe.  and 
teifCM*  ••  tofcrfawe  or  manmplion  of  « 
rtriahtltt  OPMtenction  to  toTm  *fawn  hy  rea- 
mToT  thn  tide  under  whieh  aiqr  faOmbt 
— — *»—  to  ^"^^^ 


t^fr"i-imimjj 


MludiimaHiHHiiHMn 


inljr-lhree,  m  rrHted  md 
nmlMlonera  tppolnletl  under 
,  and  th«  lame  ihall  b«  dmig' 
\  th«  Rcviacd  SltlulM  of  the 


!■  ■•vlal«a. 

•cit  of  CongrcM  pMMti  prior 
4  D«ce«b«ir,  on*  Ihoutaml 
d  tcvcniy-lhrtc,  any  portion 
■ccd  in  any  Mction  of  aaiil 

bjr  rei 


paaW,  and  iha  section 
ahail   lie  in   force   in   lieu 


of  luch  acta,  Mt  contained 
,  having  been  repealed  or 
Meqiient  acts,  or  not  beinx 
sncirt  in  their  natani  /V« 
eofpofmtion  into  laid  Icvision 
1  permanent  provision,  taken 
If  appvopriations,  or  from  sn 
iMf  provMioos  of  a  privato, 
y  ciMMractcr,  alull  not  repeal, 
Mt  any  apprcprialion,  or  anjr 
rata,  local,  or  temporary  char- 
I  any  of  said  BcU,  bat  the  same 
reat  aad  ail  acts  of  Congreu 
Id  last-named  day.  no  part  of 
«d  in  said  revision,  smII  not 
MMd  by  its^cnactment, 


PATENTS. 


in 


*  nnwl  of  ihe  sevetal  acU 
I  revUiMi  ahall  wtt  aiect  any 
riobt  wcnsioi  or  Ufmi,  or 
iedli«  M  Of  commfSGcd  in 
«ftm  tb*  Mid  npaal.  b«t  all 
tiaa  uidtr  a«M  acts  sbaU  coo- 
I  miftiKad  ia  lb«  s«m«  maancr, 
bad  Mit  ba«i»  madai  nor  shall 
wuHMNr  afMt  Iha  licbt  10  any 

tlw  twaii  g  twtn  mufof' 

rsffle'mSnruSi  all 

Uxvm  incwnd  wdar  any 
I  in  laid  vmrWen  prior  to  nid 
itMonfd  ai»o  ptinidNtd  to  th* 

*    awttlbetAattiaid 


wbelhcr 
il  caasaa  and  procaodtngs,  or 
M  of  oSiMas,  or  far  dm  re- 
laa  or  farfeitarcs.  endmcad  in 
I  ctivcted  bf  aaH  rapaal,  shall 
AMiafay,  halt  all  saiMi,  prooaed- 
4Ma,  wbatbar  dtril  or  eikaintl. 
m  or  aeta  4(hm  or  ooaiMlttcd 


and 
said  n- 


n  mi 


>4«C 

■I  aaatia**  of  tba  rawiiia*  bam 
ba  pgmaaa  of  a  Mra  aaovcs- 
aiMWUMOt  of  tha  MBt.  and 
Cmnea  or  iiiiiiaanitliwi  of  • 
laodoa  is  to  ba  dbsmfcvns- 
uider  mUafa  ai^  pmcoio 


*!■••  Do— ■■»♦»  1.  lots. 


Aaaa 


Sic.  stei.  The  enactment  of  the  taid  re- 
»i«ion  is  not  to  affect  or  repeal  any  act  of  Con- 
pew  pamed  since  Ihe  HI  day  of  Decemlicr, 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  snd  teveniy-lhree, 
in<l  all  act)  paused  since  that  dale  are  to  have 
full  effitct  as  if  oAuted  after  Ihe  enactment  of 
this  revision,  and  so  far  as  such  acU  vary  from, 
or  conflict  with,  any  provision  contained  in  said 
revision,  thev  are  to  have  effect  as  sutweouent 
itsiutes,  ana  as  repealing  any  portion  of  the 
revision  inconsistent  therewith. 

Approved  Jane  aa,  1874. 

Kverv  person  who  shall  with  intent  to  de- 
fraud, deal  in  or  sell,  or  keep  or  offer  for  sale, 
or  cause  or  procure  the  sale  of.  any  goods  of 
•ubstantially  the  same  descriptive  properties  as 
ihose  referred  to  in  the  registration  of  any 
trade-mark,  pursuant  to  the  statute*  of  Ihe 
United  States,  to  which,  or  to  the  package  in 
which  the  same  are  put  up,  is  rraudulenily 
stfixed  said  trade-mark,  or  any  colorable  imiia- 
tioit  thereof,  calculated  tu  deceive  the  public, 
knowing  the  same  to  be  counterfeit  or  not  Ihe 
genuine  goods  referrwl  to  ir.  said  registration, 
ihsll,  on  conviction  thereof,  be  panished  fay  fine 
not  exceeding  one  thousand  dollars,  or  im- 
prisonment not  mora  than  two  years,  or  both 
•uch  fine  and  imprisonmeiM. 

SiC.  a.  That  every  person  who  fraudulently 
sflbes,  or  causa*  or  proeuras  to  be  fraudulently 
affixed,  any  trade-mark  registered  pursuant  to 
the  statmes  of  the  United  States,  or  any  color- 
sble  imitation  tbareof,  calculated  to  deceive 
the  publie,  to  any  goods,  of  Mbstantially  ihe 
same  descriptive  properties  as  those  referred  to 
ia  said  registration,  or  to  tb*  package  in 
which  Ibay  art  put  ap,  knowing  the  same  to  be 
counterfeit,  or  not  the  genuine  goods,  referred 
to  in  said  ragistiatiam  aball,  on  conviction 
thereof,  ba  panished  aa  prescribed  in  the  first 
nection  of  tUs  act 


„  S«c.  S.  That  every  person  who  fraudulently 
fi  «,  or  caaaaa  or  promiraa  to  be  fraudulently 
filled,  any  packag*  to  which  is  affixed  any 
tnde-m«k,  rcgiatarad  pnnaant  to  the  statutes 
of  the  United  States,  or  any  oolorabla  imita- 
tion tharaof,  calculated  to  dccdve  tba  public, 
with  any  gooda  of  anbatantially  tba  aame  de- 
Knjptiva  propeHiea  aatbosa  referred  to  in  said 
registration,  knowing  the>aame  to  ba  coanl<r- 
feii,  or  not  the  gaaaina  goods  rafimed  to  in 
uid  rHistralioa,  shall,  oa  eoaviction  thereof, 
be  pon&had  m  pnaotibod  in  the  first  section  of 
ton  ad. 

riPMMiaaoaa  ivmIo. 


L^.f*^f'^T^  •"'  person  or  persons  who 
wall,  with  intent  to  defraud  any  person  or  per- 
Mns.  Inwadngly  and  wUAiIfy  cast,  engrave,  or 
sisnulactnr*,  or  bAva.  id  Us,  her,  or  their  poe- 


sesslon,  or  buy,  sell,  offer  for  sale,  or  deal  In, 
any  die  or  dieit,  pl^te  or  pinles,  brand  or  brands, 
engraving  or  engravings,  on  wo<Mi,  stone,  metal, 
or  other  sulwtaiice,  moulds,  or  any  false  repre- 
senlstion,  likeness,  copy,  or  colorable  imiuilon 
of  any  die,  plate,  brand,  engraving,  or  mould 
of  any  private  label,  brand,  stamp,  wraptter, 
engraving  on  paper  ur  other  substance,  or  trade- 
mark, registered  pursuant  to  ihe  statutes  of  th« 
United  Slates,  shall,  upon  conviction  thereof, 
lie  punished  as  prescribed  in  the  first  section  of 
this  act. 
I^llac  In  rra*4siUaa  Ttrndo-Mavk. 
Site.  ^.   1  hat  any  person   or  pers<iiis   wha 
shall,  with  intent  tu  defraud  any  p«rson  or  |>er- 
sons,  knowii:gly  and  wilfully  make,  forge,  or 
counterfeit,  or  have  in  his,  her,  or  Iheir  posses- 
sion, or  buy,  sell,  offer  for  sale,  or  deal  in,  any 
representation,  likeness,  similitude,   copy,   or 
colorable  imitation  of  any  private  label,  brand, 
stamp,  wrapper,  engraving,  mould,  or  trode- 
i...irk,  re|istcred  pursuant  to  the  statutes  of  Ihe 
United  Stales,  shall,  upon  conviction  thereof, 
be  punished  as  prescribed  in  the  first  section  of 
this  act. 

If  aaeert»i  »f  mmpf  M*v  w  Pnehnire 
HnvlM  BevletorM  TrMlo-Mnrk. 
.Sue,  0.  That  any  person  who  shall,  with  in- 
tent to  injure  or  defraud  Ihe  owner  of  any  trade- 
mark, or  any  other  person  lawfully  entitled  to 
use  or  protect  the  s^me,  buy,  sell,  offer  for  sale, 
deal  in  or  luve  in  his  possession  any  used  or 
empty  box,  envelope,  wrapper,  case,  bottle,  or 
other  package,  to  which  is  affixed,  so  that  the 
same  may  Be  obliterated  without  substantial 
injury  to  such  box  or  other  thing  aforesaid,  any 
trade-matk,  registered  pursuant  to  the  statutes 
of  the  United  States,  not  so  defaced,  erased, 
obliterated,  and  destroyed  as  to  prevent  its 
fiwudulent  use,  shall,  on  conviction  thereof,  be 
punished  as  pvascribed  in  the  first  section  of 
this  act; 

•ffSSSSai'"'*^*****"  •'  ''■'•^ 

Sbg.  7.  Thfit  if  the  owner  of  any  trade-mark, 
registered  pursuant  to  the  statutes  of  the  United 
States,  or  his  agent,  make  oalh,  in  writing,  that 
he  has  reason  to  believe,  and  doea  believe,  that 
any  counterfeit  dies,  plates,  brands,  engravings 
on  wood,  stone,  metal,  or  other  substance,  or 
moulds  of  his  said  registered  trade-mark,  are 
in  Iha  possession  of  any  person,  with  intent  to 
OS*  the  Mune  for  the  purpose  of  deception  and 
fraud,  or  makes  such  oaths  that  any  counter- 
feito  or  colorable  imitations  of  bis  said  trade- 
mark, label,  brand,  stamp,  wrapper,  engraving 
on  paper  or  other  substance,  or  empty  box, 
envelope,  wrapper,  case,  bottle,  or  other  pack- 
age, to  which  is  affixed  said  registered  trade- 
mark not  so  defaced,  erased,  obliterated,  and 
destroyed  1^  to  prevent  its  fraudulent  us<>,.are 
in  the  possassion  of  any  person,  with  intent  to 
use  the  same  for  the  purpose  of  deception  and 
fraud,  then  the  several  judges  of  the  circuit  and 
district  couru  of  tba  United  States  and  the 
cmnmissionaiB  of  the  eircait  courts  may,  within 
tl»^  respective  jariiidictions,  proceed  under  the 


lyf  PATENTS. 

Uw  nUltiig  »«  •e«reSw«fT««J«.  tn^  m»^  Imu« 
k  (Mrch-warranl  aulhorUinK  and  direcling  th« 
manthal  of  tha    Unitca   HiatM  for  tha  proper 
ditirlct  tu  March  for  and  taiie  all  taid  counter- 
fait  dkaa,  plaica,  brandt,  anKraving*  on  woo«l, 
Uona,  itialal,  or  olher  lulMtance,  moulds,  and 
laid  counlerfait   tradcmarki,  colorabia  Imlla- 
llon*  thereof,  label*,  Iwanda,  ttampa,  wrappen, 
en((ravin^  on  paper,  or  other  «uliatance,  and 
■aid  empty  boxet,  envelope*,  wrapficn,  caici, 
iKMtlea,  or  other  package*  that  can  b«  found ; 
■nd  upon  Mlitfa'tory  proof  tielng  made  that 
Mid  counterfeit  diet,  plate*,  brand*,  engraving* 
on    wood,  »tone,  metal,  or  other    »ul»iance, 
mould*,  counterfeit  Irade-marki,  colorable  tmi- 
taiion*  thereof,  lalieli,  lirand*,  atampa,  wrap- 
per*, engraving*  on  poper  or  other  luhatance, 
empty  bone*,  envelope*,  wrapper*,  cb»«*,  bot- 
tle*, or  other  package*,  ure  to  be  u*«d  by  the 
.  holder  or  owner  for  tha  p»iri>n*ea  of  deception 
and  fraud,  that  any  of  aaid  judge*  ahall  have 
full  power  to  order  all  »aid  counterfeit  die*, 
plates,  brands,  engraving*   on   wood,    stone, 
meUl,  or  other  subslanct,  mould*,  counterfeit 
tnute-mark*,  colorabia  Imitation*  Iheraof,  label*, 
brands,  itampa,  wrappers,  engravings  on  paper 
or  other  tuMance,  empty  bo»e»,  enveIoj>e*, 
wrappen,  cases,  bottles,  or  other  packages,  to 
be  pnlilicly  destroyed. 

Sic.  S.  That  wiy  person  who  shall,  with  in- 


tent to  defraud  any  ptraon  or  persons,  know 
'  igly  Hid  wUfttUy  dd  or  abet  in  the  violatioi 
fany  oT  the  provisioat  of  thU  act,  shall,  upon 


ingly 
of  an 


conviction  theieof,  bt  minished  by  a  fine  not 
esceading  ftva  hnndrsd  dollars,  or  Imprison- 
nant  not  more  thaa  om  year,  or  both  sach 
fine  and  impriannmont. 
Approved  Aagust  14, 1876. 

wpg«i  •»  raACTMW^.^.^ 
to  OM  Vb1«««  mtmunrmtmrn^  *iu!% 

AW.4«i-«- jJa^jJkjjJIy^jT-^  ,.„..., 

4*>m 


"by MbNiis fctMl faa .    ^. 

reeet^ed  •■»  aa  to  ■taitlaaMljy       . 

imumtmuum,  wbaajbay  Myba  mate 

•atr  aa  OaasMlaMaar'a  MMr  anw 

aes— d  wdaatUa 
aad  ieaaiaiiaa4a1 


itabo 


'^    ^X 


Apfaala,  ta  what  eataal  tha  4a*ia<aa 
may  ka  ravlsad  .        ■   .    ■       ■  . 
ta  aaamlnar»-tn-alilaf   In   Intarfar- 

ante  aaaaa 

raaaana  of  aMtaal  an^  twtaf  ra^ulra^ 
la    Cammlaalonar   tin    preliminary 

?|u«atlana  fram  asamlnar 
ram  eaamliiar  af  Irada-marka 

fram   saamlnara-la-ahiaf,  ragula- 
tlana 

en  metlona  In  can«aata4  saaaa 
IVam     Cammlsalonar    lo    auprama 

aaurt  af  tha  Dtalrtct  af  Calurobta, 

r«f  ulallona  ta  ba  abaarvad 
whaa  ta  ba  heard         .... 
nana  la  intarftranea  aaaaa . 
AppllaaUana,  /aquMtaa  ta  Ullnf     . 
whaa  appMcaUan  tabaa  data     . 
by  wham  to  ba  ma4a  .... 
la  aaaaa  af  rateauaa     .... 
haw  ta  ba  written  and  si(nad  . 
altaratiaaa  In  them,  how  notad 
la  santain  but  aaa  lavantlaa,  unlaaa 

saaaaeted  ...... 

If  mare,  awah  ta  be  atnish  out  aa 

applicant  aleata 
may  ba  praaacnud  by  carreepenC* 

anaa  ar  attaraay       .       .       .       . 
ar  byaaatanaa 

" " ~  taned 


Wa.  af 

Par*(nii>h 


■laal  latradaaa  fa.-...-  ---•  ^ 


•M  CMMiihNMaer'a  ardar 
ta  wmatoamMiMMar  la  a 

wSSalb^maybstaliaa  ;  ^'.^     '. 

:»sifi:^rSsurrt^a.: 

nSi£3af^«aba'|M.al«bat 


v 

II 


4S 

4*144 
4« 


abandan 


if 


_  __   __  complatad  ar 

proaaautad  (br  two  ylara  .  7,  j 

baw  laag  aanaidarad  pending  . 
kept  aacrel  wbU*  pcadlag 
aicapt  as  raaulrati  by  other  bualiieae 
whaa  pateoted  or  abaadoaed.  in- 


u 

.4« 

1" 

w 

7 
1 

9 
t 

IS 


,"7 
"7 
'M 


feraiailon  givaa  raKpaetlai  them 
when  patented  or  abaudoaad,  mod- 
ale  open  Ibr  general  laepeatlen     . 
apeallteatloaa   aad  drawloga  alaa 
whaa  aallad  Ibr  .  ^    . 

■ay  ba  pal  la  taterfcreaee  whea 


may  be  dlvldad  when  ia  laterfbreaaa 

npaa  what  eoaditlena 

far  raiaaaa.  what  muet  aecompaay . 


far  reclatraKon  of  trada-BMurk 
ArgameaH,  oral,  whaa  beard,  aad 


at 


belbta  eaamlaar  la 


whatleagtli 
aot  permitted 

eataaataa  aai^. 

■gaiaat  aataoalaaa  fram  partlaa  aal 

rameaatraata    .      •      • 

Aaalgaea,pataat,wlMalMmadta  .       . 

iw  araaaaata  appMaattaajoiat^rwitb 

iavMtar,  ar  aa«oraliy,  aseaidlag 

ta  tataraat  .  .      .      -.^^ 

wkaa  «a  baM  ssiieapaadsass  with 

tbaaiiaa 

Aaatcaasaata.  what  to  ra«atoite  «a  make 

them  valid  •    ,•      •      • 

af  Iba  srtMto  hiteraat  af  aa  aadl* 


IS), 117 

llA 
lit 

14 

4Si44 


71 
S,  icii 


«-^£S»:3^*Skap;t«.i 


mUsr 


'^•■^.SSW^ia-lba 


i4aaaa  ta  ba  wMb 


tapaM 

earrsaaat 

arMa 


i^Sa^Kflgbtaaat 
lleiMie.a' 

MdMtSa 


af  V«twl»M^trada«Mrka.  wkaa 

ffaaaid'a  ... 


1*0 


IM 
ICJ 

liu 
100 

lai, 1*0 
•o« 


labai 


ISSR^ 


ia,Ma,ioj 

a  •* 

■   P 
*v 

IS 
IS* 


riiiiii  iiiiiiiiii 


atMl  Um  dMMan 

■•hi*/  In   Inurftr- 

I  andl  brUr  ra^ulrad 
ir   uii   prallmtnary 

I  •umlnar 

•r  Ira4*-inarli« 
r»-l»-«lil«r,  r«gul*i 

con«rat«<l  caMa 
lonar    to    auprama 
•Irtcl  af  Calumbta, 
b«  abaarvad 

n«a  aaaaa  . 

Ilaa  la  Allng     .       • 

II  Ukaa  4aM 

Ba4a  .... 
»aa     . 

m  and  alf  nad  , 
■ai,baw  notad 
■a  Invaailaiit  milaaa 

•  ka  Hruek  viit  M 
ta  ,  .  .  . 
ilad  by  aerraafoac- 

■y      .       .       .      . 

Ml  comptatad  ar 
r  iwa  yiara 
larad  pandlng  . 

•dbyo^arbu^nata' 
•r  abaadonad,  in- 
laraieyaatlMtham 
»r  abaudaaad,  mad> 
inarai  intMpactlaa 
ind  dimWlnga  alaa 
IT  ...  . 
laurfaraaea  wban 

wMa  in  ipMrlbranaa 


No    nt 

Piiri|ri>|ih 


U 


4«.|i 


il  lattat  aaaempaay . 
•r  trada-oMurh . 
wkan  kaard.  wid  at 

hi 


4* 

*; 

7 

I 
•i 

9 
« 

IS 

i« 

JO 

J" 

1i  M>  "7 
nj 

IM 

n.j 

ltS« i>7 

lie 
lit 

•i 
«. 
U 

4«<44 

Tt 

71 
t,  iw 


FATENTS. 


>,  — wdUg 

WtlMIMMMlMMM  Wltli 

ila'ra««ial««t*Mka 

laMfaat  aTu  iiadl^ 
I 


arMfirtM 
MiiadlaflMraiant 


»> 

IM 

•8 
S« 

IbJ 


riffhtaMtaaatMlm, 


I 


t»k«t*Hk 


IC3 

icu 

leo 
Ml,  1*0 

lo« 

IW 

M 

|.IM,IO) 

I* 
>>> 
tfl 
m 


Miarnaya,  II  ihal  la  ••«  aallafbatary. 

powar  la  ba  ravahad       .       .       .       . 

apaaarlng   far   eonflUlInf  parllaa, 

intv  ara  la  ba  nollAad 
may  ba  raalrlclad,  ar  aaaladad  far 

miaaanduci 

Hrlch,  ra<|ulr«d  In  Intarfaranca  aaaaa    . 
Cavaal,  haw  Alad,  and  by  wham    . 
muat  tmbraaa  but  ona  Invanllan 
haw  fully  li  mual  badaacrlbad  . 
la   ba   aecampanlad    by  drawlnga 
whan  praeltcabia      .        .        .        . 
ealh  raaulrad,  what  It  muat  aantain 
cannat  ba  withdrawn  ar  altarad 
addltlanal  pap*'*  raatrlatad  la  arlg- 
Inal  Invanllan    .       .       ,       .       . 
aaplaa  af  It  will  ba  fUrnlahad    . 
may  ba  ranawad  .... 

natlaa  af  aanlliellnf  appllcatlan 
eauntar  application  to  ba  Alad  in 

thraa  montha 

Inlarfaranca  to  ba  daclarad 

muat  ba  Alad,  ar  a  capy,  If  raliad  en 

aa  proof I 

llalm  in  diatlnat  form  muat  fallow  apa- 

clAenlton 

not  In  aonfllel  in  Intarfaranaa  may 

bawltiidrawn    .        .       .       .       . 

Commlaaianar,  appaala  to,  f^om  aaam- 

Inara    .  

a«afflinara-in.«hlaf   . 
aaaminara  of  tmda-marha 
appaala  to,  on  contaatad  motlona    . 
appaala  fittm,  te  tha  auprama  court 
of  Diatrict  of  Columbia   . 
Compoaltlon  of  mattar,  apaalmana  whan 

rtqutrad 

Coplaa  of  daalgna  muat  acaompany  ap> 
pllcntiona  .       .       .       .       '     .       . 

trada-marha  alao 

will  ba  ftemlahad  of  papara  to  b« 

■niandad 

cavani  papam  to  tha  party     . 
of  apaatAcationa,  drawlnga,  and 

paiania 

mada  on  paralimant  if  raquirad    . 
Ik«m  worha  In  tiia  llbrafy 
of  what  will  ba  tVimiahad  In  intar* 

faranca  caaaa 

taatlmony  in  intarfbranca  and  aa- 


Na.  af 

Faragnpli. 


ordan  Ak,  anat  afaciiy  partiaalani 
Corraapandanea  auttciaat  for  praaaaut- 

Ing  appllantiana 

rafHlnttaaa  Car  conduating  it   . 
mnat  ka  addraaaad  tn  tha  Commit 

atonar  af  Fntanta    .... 
a  aapnmta  iattar  raqnlrad  for  a«ch 

diaKnat  mattar 

(MBaa  wlU  act  only  m  wrtttan  com- 

■aitntanttona 
tobawMi  aitkar  party,  aMlgnaa  or 

attaraayonly    .       ,   ^^  . 
poatMO  muat  ba  prapnM  altar  Jnly 

raealrt^bf  aaalciiaiantt  nir  raaoN 
nMnaknnwMgod   ....  lai 

DitaofMlmit 3 

DcpoaiMM.  kitw  to  ta  drawn  m  .     »«,  iis-iii 
to  ka  aartiftad  ky  tha  MMgbtrar 
nndbnw     , 


iti 

•u 

•Jl 

9S 
M 

•7 

M 

!■ 
!• 

•,  II] 


•l 

47, 4t 


ff 

it 

ltd 
it« 

m 
•i 

Hi 

107 

S» 
iif-iaa 

"t 

119 

«3» 
101, lao 


in 


hewin  ka 
tha  patettnc  nf 


Ditignfc 
erantwl 


mnA  aant  tn  tba^ 
raq'airaii 
•  «»  WkMi 


.,  j^^;^- 1  rawtoad .  whan 
"iSfiS'S*  V  '     -^apharaa- 

tf^^wyWtiJM*— fcf  to  rata* 
aac«|Mtai 


'  1.  Mt 
Kf 

e 
•i 

It 


.n 


I9f 

N«  af 
Pwiaraph. 


Il 
■• 

IS 

•1 

•t 
•t 


Dla«lalmara,  fbr  what  mada,  and 

wham 

haw  praparad,  and  tha  allbat  Ihay 

hava 

Drawing*  in  bo  furnUhod  with  appllaa- 
lion  whan  pracllcabla    .... 
n«w,  whan  r«<|ulr«d  on  ralaauaa 
muat  ba  rafar-ad  ta  In  tha  apaclAca- 

tlon 

having  tdam  praparad  by  arllala  ad- 

vlaad 

thraa  adillana  to  ba  prinlad  and  pub- 

llahad  by  tha  OIRca  .... 
procaaa  by  which  ihay  ara  praparad 
original  drawlnga  muat  ba  adaptad 

10  tha  pracaiia 

quality  af  paper  and  Ink  raqulrad    , 
dimanalana    and    arrangamant   af 

Aguraa 

arllallc  cbaractar  of  work . 

rulaa  lo  ba  obaatvad    .... 

acaUa , 

rafaranca  latlara,  rulaa  aa  to      . 
Illla,  algnalurca,  and  arrangamant  . 
Agura  for  tha  Offlelil  Oaialta    , 
to  bear  no  Irralavant  Agura  or  in- 

acrlptian 

thaaa  rulaa  to  ba  alrlclly  anforcad, 

and  bow 

aacaptlona  aa  to  daalgna  and  Irada 

marka 

apacimao  drawlnga  fUrnlahad  an  ra> 

ouaat 

to  Da  amandad  on  raiaaua  by  modal 

enlyi  aacaptlon 
Bvldanca,  OIHea  racorda,    and   booba 
may  ba  uaad  on  baarlng.  Be..  .,  ... 

nolica  of  uaing  tham  to  ka  givan     Sac.  d,  i  ig 
printing  of  taallmony  and  argumant 

racommandad 

Baamlnatloa  of  appUcatlona,  in  what 

ordar  purauad 

ranawad  aflar  flrat  rajactloa,  if  ra- 

3uaatad 
acUona  to  form  to  ba  Arat  conald- 

arad 

of  original  claim  ranawad  an  appU< 
cation  fbr  raiaaua 


*.  *.  i» 
f.^if 

/»t 
f.«t 
S,  If 

'.it 

ao 

at 
•4 

•••Ig 

•  ••a 
lit 


of  paMra  not  jt«rrolttad  te  atto'may 
without  pOWCY 


•9 


>>* 


il« 

ltd 
ltd 


Baamlnara,  appaati  (iron  .  .    4*-^,  aA,  is 

Bacaptiena  to  laaMnony,  whan  to  ka 
taken  ........ 

nntlca  te  ka  given  to  OAca  and  nd- 

varaaparty 

_    what  wUlka  allowed  .       .       . 
Baecutore  and  ndminlatratora,  whan  to 
aignappUeation  and  oath 
whan  patent  ahall  toaua  to  them 
BatenalOtte,  whan  patlUon  moat  ba  Alad 
an  applkaUan  required  for  each  dl> 
vMen  of  patent        .... 

cannot  he  granted  aflar  patent  kaa 

aaolrad       .       .       ,    "      . 
what  atatamanta  mnat  accompany 
paUtlon       ....       .       . 

when  they  mnat  fee  fkimtahad  . 
qaaatlona  to  bo  eonaldarad  on  the 
healing       ..... 

praof  reapaeting  them  required 
oppoeitlon,  how  mada  and   what 

moat  aaaonpany  It  . 
netleo  of  h,  and  ranaona  to  ha  fkir- 


7« 
73 

n 


aiahad  natiL. 

and  Alad  In  tha  Ofltoe . 

taatlmo  r  y  la  centeatad  caaaa    . 

BoUca  ci  ubing  taaUmony 

time  of  doalBg,  how  daur mined     . 

how  to  ka  aarved  . 

whan  aa  parte  wiU  he 'received'       Sac 

raibrred  to  asamlnar,  and  hla  report 

no  hearing  kafara  him 

hearing 

hearimi  ndvarao  sartiaa  who  hnra 

not  glad  oppeaiaoii .... 
hnva  pr«aad»*aa  la  awmlantloa     . 


7«.7S 

7«.g 

74, 7i 
74 


IS 


FATRNTS. 


%m  Im  f«l4  la  rndfrntm  .        ,        .       . 
la  wMt  m«<i<y  ■       • 

t«  what  aMctat  ih«y  mar  ba  aaM    . 
1/  aaal  ky  mall,  at  lit*  •«•«•?'•  rUk 


I.  ■>..•*.  ~  »— , 

an  araaal  la  iha  aupftma  caufi  af 

Uia  Dtatrtal  af  Calumbta 
Naal,  an  graal  af  ^Mnt.  wkaa  %•  kt 
aaMl      ...!•■• 
canaa^aaaaa  af  4«ik«lt 
flaal  fea  aa  irant  af  paMat. 
kaiMM 
•anaaaoanaa  af  Jafkalt 
Fafataa  ^a*****-  aMbal  af,   ...    _  . 
•utaa  ^<««l  Hr  aania  Invanttaa 


N*.  of 
iia 

\1X 


L'lV  a«  UaiW 
wtmtmw  >»>•••  iw.  Jama  Invanttaa 
aratlaaUaa  kara  akaaM  Maatlaa  It 

aiMllta4ala 

kaa  praaadaaaa  la  ar4ar  af  •mM< 

laailaa 

ra^uMtaaafaatkla  awak  ayyHaatfan 

Naarln«a  f  aaaraltir 

kafaraaaaMlaara-ln-«hlaf  aa  ra^aaat 
kafara  lalartkraaaa  aaamlnar 
kafera  Ika  awfwama  aaart  af  tka  Oto- 
trtai  af  CahtaiMa     ... 
Informatlaa  fkririal»a4  a«  ra|a«tlaM 

la  Intarntaaaaa 

nat  aa  ta  faiiMim  afytkattana 
aaaaytlaa  wkaa  aaaaaaary  fbr 


aa  la  rala«ta4  ait4  abaa4aiM4  ayfll- 

aatlatia 

■at  aa  ta  martt  of  lovaatiaaa  mr  aa 
law  yadita  .  ■  ^  ■ 

laaaaatkNi  af  faaara  raatriatad  altar  mp- 

•Haailaa  r«|aata4    .       .  _  . 
lataraatwaa  katwaaa  tka  OM«a  aa4  Mi 
auHara  akavM  ka  la  wrtMng . 
■araaaal  with  anartkara  <Haaawr 

am*4 

latarfaraaaaa,  la  what  «aaaa  «a«lmtf  . 
aaly  wkaa  tka  an^aat  la  totmt  ipaV 

tkaataUM ikiiat Iw aaiaylata  lir hh 

anlacpMmt 
tka  taawa  aiaat  ka  alaarljr  «afta«4     . 
■My  ka  4«alara4  la  aa«art«t«  akMi> 

4aaaM«i     .       ,  ■    .  -^   • 

ft aMwIiiair  w  >»  ■»*«  ^tttw*-  (■•• 

"^-"-■laarjrtNatawaata.)      . 
M    (•   4atealt  tfeataar  «r 

. -!••  ♦SI  HP  ••! 


4t 

ia« 
ia< 

::: 

H 
f* 
•• 

5 

M 

lit 

itt-i*T 

*H 

IM 

...'3 

N 

s 

4«-ti 


•I 


W  ika  gt«a«i 
•aanaw  ..      •«.•__  •  _«■  ^ 

ytaawnnt—  la  &«•*  af  «•(  Mfw- 
aaat     .......  W 

•rtar  af  taklag  taatlaiaay .       .       .  U 

aaaaal  ta  ani8laaf»iB.«kter  aatf 
(^aiauaataaat 4*>  ■■•  If 


Sf  fbrTwlMai  matlaa  ta  «iaaaiira  la 
haar<  ...  .       .      . 

•aaalAaattaaa,  kaw  (w  a»aa  t«  la> 

•Unaaat  la' aaaktet  aMy  ka 

ifawa,  alt. 
aaaaa4.  an  wkat  aiiawliw  ira 


Jalat  tavaataia.  wkat  ^taaia  Ikay  oaqr 
t,akal-cif««U»  te  fatattoir 


.aaaa.) 


r,f«laafw 


aacMt*- 


N 
•l 
ll 


>l> 


Ha  af 

Ma4ala  af  <aatrw.  wkaa  «aa>aaa4  witk  It 

'-iM«ltaa  la 


1  M> 


IS? 


I,aa«  haw  m  M 


III 

«».3 


la*.  la*,!!* 
iia 
III 


m 


iia 

I* 


aaaa  «a  (tnaral  lnap««l. —  . 
aata<i  an4  aban4aa«tl  taaaa 
Maaaya,  kaw    ta    ka    fU,  m 

waaai 

la  wkat  . 

aal4  ky  mlataka,  wkaa  t«tnnitti 
if  aaat  ky  attU,  a*»  at  ika  amaar'a 
riak 
Matlana  la  can«*ata4  aaaaa,  ragulatlaaa 
kafefa  w$)om  Ii«ar4 
appaal  lu  Curnrolaatanar 
la  poalpan*  Alitia  prallmlaary  atata- 

t..*n%  II 

kaattac  la  aalanataa  aaaaa  n 

Uklag  laaltatany  la  Iha  aaaia  1* 

la  Inlaf (afaaaa  aaaaa    ■        ■        •  1* 

gMtatally  ^        ■     ^  \^    •••.».  nj 

Matlaa  ta  4laaalva  latar«iraa«a,  kafkra 

waaai  kaat4 N 

Maw  triala  la  latatfaraaaa  aaaaa.  aa 

wkatal)awlafj|Mata4  ■       •       ■       i  •• 

NMUa  •!  aafMria  aapraaia  aaaH  af 
tNaoiat  af  CaluaiMa      ....  IT 

matlaaa  la  aaataatatf  aaaaa  m 

IntaHkvaaaaa         .  P 

ta  aavaata*  af  aa«*latta«  aB|ril«atlaa  at, « 
aaaaaltlaa  ta  aataaataa  aM  aarvlaa  yi,  f| 
Ublafl  laattaMay  la  aataaaiaa  aaaaa 

aa«Mf«i«a  .    _.       . 

lablag  taatlaiaay  gaaafaOy  aa4  aar 

whaiBtaafafMt«lMlaraattir«4  taa.  •.  iii 
aa4  pM  af  aarNaa  ta  ka  attaakai 

taSa^ifaaWHa      .      ■      .      aM.!,!!] 
aatayWaaa  ta  taatlaiaay    ,       .       .  ii* 

ta  aaKbattaf  fatHaa  wka  kava  tka 
ka  attanwy  . 


w.n 


Oatk  ta  a^llaatlpa.  ky  wkaai  aia«a 
aa4  kateta  wkaai    . 
m»tttmimi%d  ta  a»aa4aiaal  ^^ 
laaataaalaa  aaaaa,  wkat  rM<rira« 
wkaa  lavanttaa  ia  yataatad  alraa4 

'^^:5ia»i..:  : 

la  aaaa  af  |aiat  lavaaMn 


.•.ear"  .  . 

I  aatian<  aktaatf  _     . 
A».«^raMai  ar  IimI 


af^arigtoalMm.      . 

wkaa  ttiqr  «•»*>•.  ia  aaaa  af  teraica 

a,  wiai  ata  awHi 

kdhMW  lir  aalitn 


«»l 

•.ia,ti 

II 

n 

1 

i,ia8 
H 


»r4i'«j{ 


n^3 


d* 


*5 

It? 

i» 
» 

B 

SI 


SI 

n 

ss 

•.US 
.••lis 

ss 
»« 

M 


If*  •< 

faracnyk 
wilk  !• 

\(H»p»*\tm»  In  M*' 
lrf«M4«MM  lit 

.    •••,  i«»,  II* 

■  !• 

,  wMn  r«f'iRi*d  Ml 

M»  HI  llM  •milM'* 


I  •••••,  r«tvtlatt«iM 

n*      . 

iMtanar 

I  ^•nmlnary  •<•<•• 

inaUn  •■■•• 
i«y  ta  th«  MM* 
■•  «•<•■    . 

■i 
IniwMifCM*,  kafbr* 

irf«r«M«  MM*.  M 

MtMl    '  '  '  1 

M       ■       .       •       • 


II* 

I* 
l» 
i* 

I 


4r 

If 


nAt«ttii«Mtnc«U«ii        fi.M 
Mnataii  aM  Mrvto*       yi>  n 

*  ••  MtMMlMI  (MM 

«  gaMf^By  Mi  Mr- 
'"    .        .        .        |M.  I.lll 
irviM  la  r««i>(r«4    •*«.•,  iit 
nHaa  tabaaiiMMi 

•.  Ill 
III 


1*1 

•,  ia,t* 
II 

n 
i» 

.9 

•,iaa 
«-< 


Httaa  wka  hava  tka 
«,  ky  'wbMM  Mwla 


Z';;^jtsss:l 


■Mata.' 

wtatilaa 


tavaai 


iflra«ta4< 

iliala.     ^^  _.. 
MtaAtac  aafaas       • 
■■  yy  aat  af  ImI 


i«'lMr«ba.. 

lUarM. 

laMMa 

taaOaalMW.) 

■AaiSMrMflrada* 

rawaa  la  «afMa«    . 

MiMaMaailbvalga 

M«aa«aii 

Maf* 


'tml'tmm 


2?' 


8 


"5 

•»7 


mmwHtpm     . 

jESuBiiTtlBgay 

irtrSittMi»ta 


ka 


S 

8 


It 

n 
n 


M«.*»tlt 
» 

/.«t 
M 


FATBHTIb 


■«»na*«a.  ir  fi—%»4  (••••,  all  a««4l>il 

iiifafMailaa(<V*a 
li«h«aftiif   •!   intarfafaM**,  ••    wkal 

•hawlai  araniai 
a«i*a«iaa,  <•  wkaNi  tr«Ma4,  M4  to 
wlial  *aaaa  .        >       • 

whan  tk«  lavaalar  •*  a*ai«a««  mtial 

•tea  apalMattaa 
whM  moM  a««amM"y  *!••  p««)tl«a 
Ik*  Mtylaai  *•••"*  •"*•**  ^  awrraa- 

*»fi ^. 

laaa  a?   attftaal    ■alanl    muM   M 

•liawa,  aal  a  •mff  f^niafcaa 
yaNai  ma*  Im  r*«ura«4  ir  aay  «lalm 
la  r*AM*4    .  .... 

whal  may  aa  •mkra«*4 
a«  aaw  mallaf  la  IM  Inlra4liaa4  lata 

irawtMa  aa4  ma4*i  la  k*  am«n4*4 

aaly  m  aaak  alh*r  i  •■••atian* 
uka  atattfiaia  la  af^ar  af  aaaml- 

aatM« .       .  .... 

aflglaal  atalaM  aaklaat  la  ra^aam^ 

aallaa  . 
may  ka  ta  tavatal  4l«laU«a 
a*  4tvMa«  la  ka  Iaa«ia4  Ml  ail  ara 

«a«Ma« 

wkaa  Ika  ntaavai  yaMnia  aaytra    , 
••]••«•«  aaaaa,  kaw  r«n*w*4 
RtlaaAJl^  ayyltaatlaa,  ayyllaaal  %a 

Il«aawa4  ayyilia'rtaaa 

Wvlaa  af  aatlaaa  J*iT*i^i 

OgMWwaa  ta  fviMMk  aiiC«y*w««*' 

<paa5Uaila«a,wkal  la  r«|«lra4  la  iham 
MMTMrtal  aut  aaw  Uayravamaalt 

awl  iUMlk««iali  katwaMwhirt  ki 

maai  kaMawai  ky  a  4ladiMi  alata 
ka«»  Mgaaci  aai  wmaaaa4 


If*  •/ 
P*f«af«^ 


If  MfaTaSS  la  ka  alraak  a«l  aa  ay- 
la  MmmSm  aa«  utlaa/aimmi^ 
w^aal  ka  ralarMt'fkr  ikat'yar-' 


mIn4. 


lakatwaiiky 

aattfM     . 

. ,  ma4a  aalyky 

^jy3ialiSftwafC«iiUMaI 

19        .         .         ,        .  ^  ,^     . 

iMf  S^ttM  hw  UI  iMMfVM'WMV 

TaalMHi«r^   ijumjwwwa  aaaaa.  hi 

*'m«CSmm  arSStkC.  kW  alC 

li  4<HB<k*  aiaak.  ••••  p  ijmMWB 
iHiMlkkt  


•t 
•» 

•» 

•4 

•4 

••••I 

M 

#.  If 
•4 

\x 

•I 
•I 
I* 

I* 

IT 

If 

5 

IS* 
n 

•« 

i«» 

«aa 

4T 
47 

4l 


ija 

•MMl 


&Hm7i'/iffiffiir^Tf 


■Sal  a,  iif 


T*a«lmaay  maai  ka  aiia*ka4  la  tka  4a 
yaaiiiaa  .  i 

4aya*lil«aa  ta  ka  ««rtlM4  ky  ma«ta- 

IraM,  aii4  naw  . 
Iiaw  la  ka  «l«a«4  aa4  (Wrwa*4a4 
ryl*«  Ht  4rawlaf  ikain  ay 


I   Ml 
•4. ••» 


If  y««««al«4  ifr\  kalaa  labaa,  yr*- 

(•Mllata  f»f  i«lMf  laa.  |,  lt| 

•av«ai  mtiai  ka  fll«4,  If  r*H«4  aa  ar 


raaat^t  af  ****  OIlUa  aa4  kaaka  li 


«.  US 

«af4a  ar  IM  CMIaa  aa4  kaaka  la 

Ika  llkvary  ma4a  avl^aaaa  laa.  f,  iii 

Mtaa  maai  ka  |lvaa  yravMaaly      laa.  4,  iij 

ii4 

ii4 
ii4 

III 


4*yaatMaaa    aal   aatkaaai  la  ika 

ralaa  laaimlaalkM    .       .       .       . 
aaMMlaaa  la  4«yaaitla«a,  wkaa  tA- 

whan  ikav  maai  ka  laka*  . 

aailaa  af  th*m  la  ka  glvaa  Imma4l- 

alaly    ,  . 

wkaa  »mMk  *m  laayaaUan,  an4  «aylaa 

tarafikaf 
I  af  II 


Tra4a  matka,  wka  may  aMala  aaaki- 
dvailitf  la 

akiala  It    . 
will  aatfuta 
•karaalarlallaa   aaaaallal    ta 


•4 
II 

f 
f 


•"1 


"» 


yftailM  •*  Iham  M^alrai  In  aaaaral 
aitaa4aiMa  af  wliaaaaaa,  kaw  ••• 

•«ra4 

»4a  matka,  wka  ma 
Iva  tlita  ta 
wkai  ha  aifR  4a  la 
kaw  laaa  lia  rigki  \ 
haraalarlallaa   aaw  _ 

aMM  iHaairaiaJl  ky ykal'agiayka^ 

taw  aalwi  mtifim^  ra^ulrai  In  iiaah 

ta  Mlaw  Ika  aama  riuaa  aa  la  4a^ 

ateii  aaaaa 

dartwa  ajiaayllaM^   .... 

BflM|pWiRvniV  AM  IV^V     ■  •  ■  a 

wkaa  M  ka  fatar4a4  .... 

WlikS|a«>r&**>  aiua4anaa,  kaVr  aa^ 
ikia<  

Th«  following  information  and  ragulationi, 
de«lgii«d  to  ba  In  Urict  a<cordhn«a  with  Iha 
rrrlMd,  conaoildalad,  and  amamlad  law  ralat. 
htg  ki  Mianta  for  invanliona  asd  daaignt,  and 
to  trada-kurka,  ara  piiblblMd  lor  gralaitoua 
dUiribalioM, 

CopioM  form*  lo  which  InTaniora  and  altor- 
iM7«  aia  f««amm«nd«d  to  oonfom  aa  iHwrljr  aa 
poMibU,  will  ba  found  In  an  appandlx. 

Printad  wflM  of  tha  ravlaad  and  amandad 
law  may  alio  b«  oblainad  bf  apflying  to  th« 
patant  offica. 

WW  MAT  •MTAiif  A  PAvnnr. 

I.  Any  panon,  whathar  citiian  or  allan, 
bainff  Um  anginal  and  lint  Invanioc  or  diacov- 
arar  of  anjr  naw  and  naafnl  ait,  machine, 
mannbctnra,  or  eooipotMon  of  maltar,  or  anf 
ntw  ud  klanl  imMtovcmant  thareof,  may  ob- 
tain k  pattnt  ten  lis  invantton  or  diMovary, 
•uhjact  to  Um  condltloni  at  lo  jwUic  naa  and 
•LatndamnaM  kartinaAtr  nMnadl. 

t.  Ik eiM oHSt dStT? %iiny«Mo^ tha 
pntant  mky  b«  ^"{4t«d  fcr  bgf,  ind  «U1  (mm 
to,  Ma  CMCktor  or  adnliktitnteir.  In  c«m  of 
•n  ikdgnnMk  of  th4  whole  lnl«r«itf  in  tli* 
li(TmMn,  or  or  UU  wholo  Intanat  In  ih«  pntant 
if  gnMa4,  tlHi  pnimt  vUl  ttana  to  lit  a»- 
ligMa,  kpM  (M  r4oMtt  of  UM  hM4r,  or  hb 
aiaimori  Mrf  k^  iTdM  wMgMI  UMl  ■• 
nndWUM  Mrt  laiwttt,  Um  ntlMt  #itt,  ipwi  n 
itanihr  itt^Mi,  iaiii  yiMSfibiim  taSlu 


VATIirTt. 


l«l««IIWi     ^<  iIm  •Mlfitnuml  MM<  ^rt*  Kar« 
lM««  Mke  **^  iyl  titttmi.  Slid  •!  •  tUf  n»«   Ulur 

MkI  iIm  uifiiicall'M  •»«•<  t**  <l«l7  miMU.MMl  llM 
MMcUkatkMt  *warii  lu  bv  IIm  iairmtur. 

}.  JiitiM  lnir«ii<un  M«  •ultlJ«U  l«  •  |enit 
|ni<nM  I  natikar  cm  aUlm  im*  Mf«r«t«ly  |  ImI 
iM  ln<l«twn<l*«(  lnv«nli>n  <■/  mymiMt  •ml  In 
a«|»n<t«nl  tnn>r<»*«B«ntt  In  ll»«  tMiM  bi*"  hlrwi 
Mnn<i(  iililaln  •  Juinl  p«Miil  (ot  th«lr  MfMrM* 
|n*<inltan*|  nor  ilow  tiM  f«ct  thai  on*  m«n 
furnlakM  iIm  ca^Mtftt  and  lk«  other  makM  iK« 
Invvnllon  «niMl«  ikani  to  Uk«  o«il  •  |oittl  pnianl. 


4.  A  pM«til  wlU  moTm  grMM«<l  lo  Mt  •M>ll- 
CM*  If  viMi  Im  cUlnM  M  iMw  IkM  hMn,  baror* 
III*  InvmtfaM,  ptUamail  or  dmcritiwl  In  nnr 
^lni*il  pMblicntbtr  In  Ihki  or  tny  tanitn 
connlry,  or  tM«n  ln««M«Mt  or  dU«o«*r«d  In  lhl« 
coanlry,  nor  If  Im  Imm  one*  ntMmloiMd  kl«  Iti 
vtnllon,  nor  if  It  kna  brtan  In  mililie  a  m  or  on 
•ttl*  nar*  iImm  Iwu  jmn  pravlona  lo  Mi  nijpil- 
cation. 

Wk«M  ■■Mvto^M  •fJmw^mOmm  AkMMMI 

5.  If  It  MiMM*  innt  iIm  lnv«mtor,  «l  lk«  llm* 
of  making  hU  a{i|>iiv«l>c>n,  Ultsvm  himwif  to 
ba  tb«  Kr  ii.rantor  or  diacovtrar,  a  palrni  will 
not  li«  rifitaad  on  account  of  tk«  InrraiUm  m 
dlKorary,  ot  an*  part  llMrwif,  having  b««n 
known  or  wmnI  In  any  Inrcign  cotintfy  bafora 
hi*  Invantion  or  dUcovary  tMraof,  it  not  ap- 
iMariM  thai  lb«  msm.  of  any  tabaunllal  nart 
Iharaof.  Md  bafera  baan  |wtantad  or  dcKribad 
in  any  prtnlad  MbtUatkm. 

•riMM*  HMMtMlMWirM. 

§.  Marrly  aoncdvlnc  tka  Idaa  of  an  im- 
mvamant  or  ■M«hln«Iil  not  an  "invantion" 
or  "  diaeovary."    TtM  invantioa   mmt  ha«a 
baan  radncad  lo  a  fwactlcal  fortn,  aithar  by  tka 
conrtrMliati  of  tka  WMshiM  toalf,  or  of  a 
modal  tbaraof,  or  by  makinf  a  drawing  of  li, 
or  by  NGk  dlacloaara  of  ita  auol  clMn«44T  Ikal 
a  mackaalc.  or  oiia  •killad  la  tba  ar*    »  t  At-  U 
M  ralalaa,  1   1  and  doaa,  from  tha  d«Mi    ' 
(ivan,  contract  tha  Improvamant,  •>       '  . 
ikaraor,  bafoni  itwtU  pr««nl  a  ant 
vantor  froai  obuining  a  patant, 
■•»■  •W 


y.  No appUcMionfor a famlcM ^^bwad 
vpon  the  Uaa  for  aaaminaikMi  «mU  the  Im  ki 
paid,  tha  ■pacUlcation  and  the  pattlkM  ami 
oath  art  Slad,  ami  th*  drawimp  aad  a  modal 
or  ipaetaMNM  (when  rvqtamdf  art  fwraialMd. 
rha  applicatlim  m«at  bt  etimplalad  mid  pra- 
HMd  for  MMkiMrtkM  wlthia  two  rmim  afUr 
ilM  ai«f  of  tha  iwtMkmt  and  In  dtCnlt 
thafwT,  or  npon  failnN  of  tha  apptkuH  to 
Moaaeate  tbo  lama  witliiii  lira  ytait  allw  ftay 
•eUni  (lMt«on,or  which  aotloa  idwU  havo  hoan 
MtM  I*  hBii  or  hto  anM,k  ahaU  ha  rofardad 
ai  ahMrioMd.  aalam  ft  ba  tkowa  to  Hhm  aatia- 
fiwti««  of  ikaoiapMloMr.thtt  MKk  ddagr  was 
naavokUbU. 


mot*  M«  m^umH^m  t»m^*  tktuU  tt  d*P*f 

wtM,  a  laiiar  ihiwld  a^oNniiany  Muh  |m«i, 
Maitng  In  «rk«t  aiiiilicatUMi  It  bal'mg*,  and  gi* 
ing  llta  iUla  ikarcuf. 

F<ir  all  inir|ii«««  of  oMko  jir»  •!(« ,  Iti  Ul* 
of  an  aiifillcaiUin  fur  a  «n  will  ^  >  ^  <i  «i 
lh«  tInM  wlMNt  lk«  /Inl  ,  .  Af<  iim  f»U,  <•• 

if*,t/krmn4m,  p  f^'h  Hgn*fi.  .  i/«r«W,  *•./ 
ftMTM  *»,  >fW.  W/*^»  wtk  <1«*«.  •"<*  dnriMK 
lh«  p««<l«n«v  <•)  >i>it  a|i|iilca>tt<>n.  aitkar  ih« 
drawing  or  hmI«I  (bat  n<i(  butk  al  tka  tama 
llM«),  ••»  b*  withdrawn  for  eorTactl.»«,  but 
Iha  tMclAeaikm  will  not  ba  fwrmteiad  to  ba 
withdrawn  for  any  jMrp>iaa  whai«»«r. 


any  DW 


AcmMoMImimM  •Mk.Hy  WkaaaH 

1.  Tha  a|»itcatloa  aad  oath  muat  ba  m«la 
l>y  Iha  actual  inventor,  If  alira.  a*«n  if  tha 
patant  U  bi  itanv  tu  an  amignea  >  but  whara  il>.' 
invaniur  U  daad,  tha  applicaiion  and  with  muit 
ba  mada  by  hia  aaacnlur  or  admtnUlralor. 
t  »a«iwl««  AmMtotMlMM. 
«.  Tha  appiicatUm  mud  ba  In  writing.  In  Iha 
Kngiiah  langaaga,  aad  addraaaad  lo  Iha  cum 
miwionar  of  palante.  Tha  patHion  and  tpan 
ficaiion  muat  ba  aapanUaly  algnad  by  tha  ai^ 
plicant.  Tha  •pat.iHcation,  claiaM,  and  all 
■mandmanta  mnal  f  1  wHiian  in  a  fair,  lagibla 
hand)  olhrrwiaa.  tha  oIKca  may  raquira  tham  to 
Iw  prinladi  and  all  tntartfnaaiUma  or  araaum 
tkould  ba  claariy  markad  In  a  margiaal  ur 
fmitnota  wriuan  on  tha  lama  rhaat  of  papar. 
All  tha  papan  conMiluting  lh«  iqjiplication 
tkould  ba  Mlachad  togaihar.  Lagal-cap  paiwr 
la  daamad  prafarabia,  and  a  wida  margin 
thould  always  ba  laA  npoo  tha  lafk-haad  lida 
of  Ibapaga. 

10.  Tha  appncant.  If  ihainvantor,  rnwrt 
n:aka  oath  «r  attrmailoa  that  ha  doaa  varily 
baliara  Mmaalf  lo  ba  tha  original  and  lr«  In- 
<  vnlor  or  diaccx'araf  of  tha  a'^,  maahina,  manu- 

nart,  oamo  ^Ui  -'.,  or  ^.MprwvanMnt  Ibr  which 
laolldtaai  >  >.i|  thai  ha  doaa  not  know  and 
.o«a  not  balimra  that  tha  mim  waa  avar  bafore 
known  or  aaadi  and  ihaU  atalo  of  what  conn 
try  ho  la  a  dtiion.  aad  of  what  a  raaidant.    It 
Iha  appllcatioa  ho  madfe  hjr  ■■  aMcator  or  «a 
mlaiatralor,  tha  form  of  Iha  oath  will  ha  cor 
rwipoaAai^  ehaaMd.    The  oath  or  ailrma 
lion  mvi  bo  mada  bafoft  any  Mrwrn  within  the 
Unitad  Blalaa,  authoriaad  by  hw  lo  adminiMer 
oaiha,  or,  whan  tha  applicant  raaidaa  in  »  for 
etgn   oonairi,   hafcra   any   mlnlMor,   chanrt 
d'afhirab,  eowml.  or  eammaidal  acant.  hokl- 
ii«  cwnmimian  andar  tha  govmunant  of  the 
Unllad  Stataa,  or  hafora  any  notary  mablto  of 
Iha  fata%n  conntiy  in  whitdi  tha  appllcaat  may 
ba,  tha  oath  boinf  attaatad  in  aU  tiasaa.  in  thii 
and  othar  eonn^.  by  tha  propar  oAeial  laal 
of  Midk  notary. 

11.  In  caM  tha  appiieaat  by  UMadaMni 
tatfu  to  iatradnca  aay  olaim  or  datma,  not 


Ikt  nm4  Itm*.      If  olk*r 


111  «<**«  («» 'It. ,  ih     '<!' 

t   •    '       «•!     »>ll    *  '    •!    41 

(Trir  /  .**»««•  *•«</.  <•" 
«r  •   >^  <     **¥*i,  4tmU  * 

.  V  Mcli  «i«i*,  mm!  4«ri«K 
1  aiiftllcaiMMi,  flith«r  th* 
(W  iitrt  bu«li  •!  «h«  Mm* 
almvn  fn*  corrvrtloa,  bill 
II  na(  b«  p*rinUi«a  to  b« 
mr^iM  wMiavM . 


m  mhI  (Mill  ««M<  M  ni«<l* 
MM,  If  •11*«,  t»«ii  If  lb* 

M  MilciKM  I  W  wlMf*  ll  ' 

I  •pplkaiion  tnd  «Uh  MU«( 
mun  Of  admlnMrMur. 

m  mimM  b«  In  wrUInc,  In  IM 
m4  MktnMMd  to  IK*  um 
\.  Th«  p«ii*ion  wul  tfwii' 
ifMnltIf  tlcnctt  b)r  tK«  ■!> 
t,irit*Uon,  cUImm,  Mtt  (ll 
f  1  wriii«n  In  •  fair,  Ugibl* 
M  olRc*  may  raqulra  iMro  i<i 
I  ImtrlliMalUMM  M  truurn 
■wriMd  In  •  RMfiiMt  ur 
I  th«  MMM  tltMl  <M  |»P*r. 
NMlllMling  ih«  aiipltoktum 
lag«(h«r.  L«g*l-cap  p«|)«r 
U«,  Mi4  *  «I4«  iMrain 
i«ft  «|K«  tiM  l«f|-hM4  Mik 

ml,  If  iha'iiTvMlar,  ««rt 
nallM  that  Im  doM  vwilr 
be  Um  origliwl  MMl  Cm  In- 
r  of  iIm  n-^,  WMdilM,  mtnu- 
',  or  i^pn/VMB«nt  for  wtikh 
i  thai  k«4o«  not  kaowMid 
It  Ik*  iMBa  waa  tvar  baforc 
id  ihaU  iUt*  of  what  eoan 
utd  of  wkat  a  NMmt.  K 
nadttiivaa  OMnMoror  ad 
n  of  tfco  oMh  will  ba  oor- 
(ed.  Tlie  oatk  or  «llrnui* 
iMfuic  any  penoM  wMiin  ih« 
mriaad  by  WW  to  admimiter 
t  apptlcmt  rtakloa  in  »  tot- 
bra  any  minialar,  thanrt 
K  eoauMfdal  acMt,  Iwid- 
id«r  IIm  go««rB«aat  of  <bc 
haibro  aay  Mtary  miUio  of 
fai  wMck  Um  applicant  may 
•ttaatod  ia  all  caaaa,  ia  this 
I,  bgr  Um  propw  oAcmI  aaal 

I  appiioMit  by  aMaadflMnt 
I  aay  elala  or  clauU(  wA 


PATVMTIk 


Mhaiaiituiiy  «mlif«««4  In  iKr  ^iflnal  «fMavil, 
h*  •III  »»•  r«<|iili«l  »<»  ftU  •  *  ,-(>l«i««ti(«l  »4tt 
i«l*llir«  to  IM  lii««n)l<Hl  M  (ovarwl  li*  »u.  h 
n«w  or  •nUrgad  cUim  »f  cUlUMi  and  in  h 
•ii|ifil«mantal  iMlh  miMt  ba  u(iiM«  Iha  Mm* 
|id|wr  «h««.ll  ciHiUliM  lh«  pffifiiiMtl  amanilnMii  I 

•rM'irii-ATlfll. 

■^••(•MlttMM,  •»•«»  Maivalattoa. 

It.  TtM  •(WcHtaMUm  I*  awruian  ilmi  ilptton 
uf  Ika  Invanilon  im  >ll*i'ovtry,  ami  of  lh«  man- 
ner anil  |imecM  of  mtklnf,  cnntlrucllng,  ««mi- 
jnHiniling,  anil  it*lng  ili«  Mm«,  anil  l«  r«)ii(ra«l 
III  ba  In  such  fWII,  cUar,  cunctMi,  an  I  aiaci 
irrma,  aroiiling  unnacaaaary  (inillili]r.  aa  lt> 
•inabia  any  panon  ikillad  In  Iha  %t\  ur  *clanca 
i<>  which  U  a|i|>aHaln«,  or  wlih  which  ll  la  m<Ml 
nearly  co«na<:iail,  In  maka,  ciMMinicl,  cum- 
iiouikI,  ami  WM  Iha  •ama.  It  mutt  ti«  fullowail 
Ity  a  a|MclAe  and  walldaAnail  claim  uf  iha 
|Murt,  lm|irovemant,  or  comtiiiialUm  which  Iha 
•|i|ilic4«M(  raganla  a*  hia  Invantlon  ur  tllacovary. 
Varaliar  ■•^■Inltaw. 

I).  Whara  Ihaia  *ra  ilrawini;*,  Iha  i|iaclAt-a- 

linn  ahould  rafar  by  laliara  ami  Aijuraa  lu  iha 

ilidarant  parti)  and  It  miwl  lat  furth  (ha  pra- 

cIm  InvaniUm  for  which  a  patant  U  clalmad, 

taplalning  li.o  p.lnclpla  iharaiif  and  Iha  lieat 

niiMla  In  which  i>a  a|<pllcanl  baa  <  MiiemiiUiril 

«|iplylng  that  pri  lelpla,  ao  aa  to  a.«(ingul»h  ll 

from  otnar  Invantlona. 

■■■■**'■««»■'*  ■■^  rolat  •«•  tan* 
irvvwaaoaia. 

14,  la  all  ap|<  oailona  lur  natanla  apon  BMra 
Imiimvamania  tha  i|tacilicallim  muat  particu- 
larly imlnt  Mttt  tha  pait  or  parta  to  which  Iha 
improvanMnI  ralalaa,  and  muat  bv  axptlcil 
langwafa  diallnguiah  batwaan  what  la  old  and 
what  la  claimed  aa  Iha  Improvcmanl,  to  that 
Iha  oAca  and  tha  public  laay  undantand  aa- 
telly  far  what  tha  patant  ia  graniad  t  and  In 
tucB  OMOa  tha  daacrtnliaQ  and  tha  drawingt,  a* 
wall  aa  tha  claim*,  awwld  ha  oonfiiMd  to  tha 
■paoMe  imprwramaat  and  aacli  parta  aa  nacaa- 
•arlly  eo-an«rata  with  It. 
AppUaMtom  Mm*  BMlbMMw  k«i«  aito  ■•• 

1%.  Two  or  mora  a«p<irata  and  independent 
invenllona  cannot  be  claimed  In  one  appllca- 
tiun ',  but  where  Mveral  invenliona  relating  to 
the  taoM  tttbiect  aro  «m'#w«'^  connected  each 
wiib  the  otbcr,  they  nuiy  be  so  claimed. 

U  ■•*•.  atM  HMt  %m  mmmU*. 

t6.  If  mora  than  one  Invention  is  claimed 
in  single  appHcation,  and  they  are  foaad  to 
lie  of  such  a  nataro  that  a  single  patent  may 
not  be  iaaaed  to  cover  the  whole,  tha  ottce 
will  require  the  inventor  to  coiiAm  tha  deacrip- 
tion  and  claim  of  the  peadiag  apptieatlon  to 
wblchcTitT  invantkui  ha  may  elect  t  the  other 
inventi<mf  may  be  luada  the  sabjact  of  separata 
applicationa. 

waaaiaNMai#iaaf  ag^aw  Bagnaav  am4i 
WWisaaaad. 

ty.  The  spedficAtion  muat  be  signed  by  the 
invaMor,  or  by  bis  exacutor  or  aomlnistrator, 
and  maat  ba  attaated  by  two  witnaiaea.  Fnll 
namaa  miat  be  given,  a«Nf  mUH^mti,  wkHktr  0/ 
tfffHtMttM  er  wiimmts,  mml  ti  bgUfy  writUm. 


mmWtHm  *•  h*  vSeatotiMl. 
it.  Tika  i^tk'--'-  )>•'  a  |Nti»i>i  i«  iminimA 
liy  Uw  III  fuiRtah  •  drawing  of  hia  InvaiMMl) 
whore  iha  luilNre  of  Iha  tMa  ailtnil*  of  it. 
rHaaa  MtMaaM  J'wkttolMMl  ky  Um 


1^   Three   u^vurai  iMiiuhw  «I       'ent    Iraw- 
Inga  are  iir'iitad  and  p«blUh«il  ^  r«.ir  >^nie 

uaa,  eertlnad  ctipiea,  ate.,  af  tha  •«<«  and  cAmm • 
aaier  of  thoae  attaM^  la  paienM,  the  w<  °k 
being  atxMM  6  by  9)^  laakea  1  one  raduead  ' 
hair  that  scale,  or  oaa  •fbufth  the  lurfMe.oi 
which  four  will  be  printed  on  a  pui^e  t«  lAuk 
Ir  «la  ihe  vulumea  •lietribuled  to  the  c<>  >4tli,  •(«.  i 
aiiftl  line  ratluciiiia—to  abaMl  ihe  tan  scal«-«- 
iif  a  Mlar^atl  iiortaon  af  taiih  drawin,{.  to  lllua> 
irtiaiha      Offl  ut  niialte  " 

m»   Wliitt  rrwe«««  W9»fmn>*. 

Thi«  \\  '^  will  all  tie  itoiie  by  Ihe  phntn- 
lithogi'ipli  ur  other  analogiNi*  (iniceM,  ami  in 
cimM<|ii'  I)  -  Ihe  character  of  each  origin  it 
drawing  mn  1  be  brought  at  n<.arly  aa  pnaatUe 
til  a  uniform  ■>Undard  of  cicelleni.a,  tull«ii  lo 
the  rc'iairciii  .l»  uf  the  proi-eaa,  and  calcuUled 
til  give  the  t  t  re«ulit.  In  the  inlartatt  of  In- 
veiilora,  of  tli  office,  and  "t  tha  uuUlc  gen- 
erally. The  I  <U)wing  rules  will  thr>  fore  be 
ilt(idly  enforce!'  tnd  any  departure  froin  them 
will  be  certain  >  caute  deUy  in  the  aimnilna- 
lloii  of  an  amilli  illon  fur  lellem  jiateiit. 
raiMtvaael  In*(  KMaailrwtf  n»r  OrlKiaala. 

HlUllI 


be   made  u^mm     iia^ter 

ml  in  the  piMtfnIlo*,  ili«  sur< 

(i«  caleniiared  and  tmoitih, 

il-buard,  or  thacii  cut  from 

•ited  drawing-paper,  "anil- 

•commended, 

I  (juality,  to  the  eaclution 

ink  or  color,  muM  be  cm. 

fctly  black  and  solid  work. 


a.  Drawingt 
tlllT  enough  to  ii 
face  of  which  mu 
"Two-iUet"  bii 
Whatman's  hal-|ii 
i|uartan  "  site,  ari 

Indian  ink  of  k^ 
of  all  other  kinds  < 
ployed,  to  secure  pr 


t.  Tha  sU«  of  a  ^eet  on  which  a  drawing 
it  made  should  be  'xactlv  to  by  15  inches. 
One  inch  from  ita  adt  <rt  a  single  marginal  line 
it  to  be  drawn,  leavli'    tha  "  sight"  precisely  8 


this  margin  all  work 

included.    One  of  the 

ft  Is  regarded  as  it^top, 

ard  from  the  marginal 

<•  than  I U  inch  is  to  be 


itle,  I 


by  1}  inches.     With 
and  signatures  must  I 
smaller  sides  of  the  sli 
and,  meaauring  down" 
line,  a  space  oT  not  Ic 

left  blanV  for  th«  Insert  nt  of  title,  name,  num- 
ber, and  date.  The  siH^natures  will  be  placed 
in  a  space  left  at  Iha  boi  »m  of  Ihe  sheet. 
mmmUtr  o  Wavk. 
t.  All  drawings  must  «  made  with  the  peti 
only,  asing  the  blacken  Indian  Ink.  Every 
line  and  letter  (signalui  >  included|  muat  be 
0ti*AUtfy  kU*k,  This  (iMrection  appllea  to  all 
lines,  however  fine,  to  sUiading,  and  to  lines 
representing  cut  surfaces  in  irectional  views. 
All  lines  must  be  clean,  sharp,  and  solid,  and 
they  mutt  not  be  too  fine  or  crowded.  Surface 
shading,  when  used,  should  be  left  very  open. 
Sectional  shading  should  be  b/  oblique  parallel 
lines,  which  may  be  ahoat  one-twentieth  of  an 
inch  apart  Tha  uawJ  reduction  will  bring 
them  to  about  one-aixticth  of  an  inch  diatanca 


r-..i^;«T*:-i?i«Ei  i'-iz} 


*r.T;"!-'.r^t::ET9;'''SEf-'."-'-T^ii  • 


Patents. 


d.  Drawings  •houid  b«  mad*  with  ih«  fewest 
^ne«.poMibl«  conintent  with  clearneM.  By 
ebMrving  this  rule  the  cffectivcneM  of  th« 
work  after  reduction  will  be  much  increaaed. 
Shading  (except  on  aectioniJ  views)  ihcMild  be 
used  only  on  convex  and  concave  surfaces, 
where  it  should  be  used  sparingly,  and  mov 
even  there  be  dispensed  with  if  tne  drawing  (s 
otherwise  well  executed.  Th«  plane  upon 
which  a  sectional  view  is  taken  shoald  be  indi- 
cated on  the  general  view  by  a  broken  or  dotted 
line.  Heavy  line*  on  the  shade  sides  of  objects 
should  b«  UMd,  except  where  they  tend  to 
thicken  the  work  and  obscure  letters  #f  refer- 
ence. Th«  light  is  always  supposed  to  come 
fr  jm  the  upper  left-hand  comer,  at  an  angle  of 
forty-five  degrees. 

Imitatiom  of  wood  or  surface-graiiiiHg  ninst 
never  be  attempted. 

A  The  acale  to  which  a  drawing  Is  mad<^ 
ought  to  be  large  enough  to  show  the  mechan- 
ism without  crowding,  and  two  or  more  ihaeta 
should  be  used  if  one  do«s  not  give  Mfflcient 
room  to  accomplish  thi*  end;  but  the  number 
of  aheet*  ttiutt  ncvw  be  increased  tttllcM  It  ii 
absolutely  necenary.  On  the  other  band,  when 
an  invenncn  is  simple  and  easily  ttnderttood,  it 
should  be  shown  on  a  small  scale,  and  un- 
necessary space  shoold  not  be  occupied,  even 
on  a  single  sheet. 

It  often  happens  that  an  invcnflon,  altliongh 
constitoUng  but  a  small  part  of  a  nachine,  has 
yet  to  be  represented  in  ci»nection  w^tk  oliicr 
and  much  larger  parts.  In  such  cases  a  gen- 
eral view  on  a  small  scale  h  recommended, 
with  one  or  more  of  tbe  invention  itself  on  n 
much  larger  scale. 

/.  Letter*  of  referetiee  must  be  i»M  igM 
carefully  foraed;  thejf  are  of  tka  first  ipinor- 
unce.  When  at  nil  possible,  lio  letter  of  rner- 
cnce  shoald  measure  lek(  thm  one<4icblh  of  an 
inch  in  height,  tint  it  tiM  hittt  fedtterilml  to 
one-twenty-fonrth  of  an  inch,  and  the^  tiutf  be 
much  laijgb  when  there  is  (ufficiMf  roboi. 

Reference  letters  mutt  be  so  nleccd  ifi  the 
dose  and  conplek  jkarU  of  drmHtqp  as  tuit  to 
interfere  wfth  a  thorough  coapttehlfnrioft'of  ft* 
same,  and  tothi*  end  shonld  ttcMf  tAm  or 
mingle  wfth  the  line*.  When  rleee«MHIy 
grouped  around  a  cenahi  jMtt,  they  should  be 
placed  at  a  little  distance,  v^hei^  the(%  b  avett- 
able  >pece,  Ahd  connected  b)f  short  broken 
lines  with  the  parts  to  which  they  lefet'.  T)iey 
must  never  emear  upon  shaded  itvfllc^  and, 
when  it  hi  difficult  to  avoi4  thii^  a  blani!  space 
must  be  left  in  the  shitdiitg  wher^  th«  letter 
occurs,  so  C-M  it  iAall  ajppettf  perfe^^y^  dtiUnet 
and  s«nante  from  the  WOnt. 

If  the  same  bart  of  an  Inventfott  aplMM  in 
more  than  one  l%ure,  it  should  always  be  tiip- 
resented  bv  the  same  lettet. 

When  it  is  n«ceitiwiy  to  tui^  a  dn[#iit|g  npM 
its  aide  in  readtiUr  a  ceitaln  |igHie,  its  number 
and  referance  Imm  dSiMld  N  made  ttt  conn- 


spend,  and  should  be  so  placed  that  the  sheet 
will  be  turned  to  the  right. 

M(VSsnlisp"M  Ms4  f  ltl«>. 

g.  The  tignaturf  of  the  inventor  is  to  be 
placed  at  the  lower  right-ha'ttd  Corner  of  the 
sheet,  and  the  signatures  of  the  witnesses  at 
the  lower  left-hand  Corner,  ell  within  the  mar- 
ginal line.  (See  specimen  <heet.)  The  title 
should  be  written  with  pencil  on  the  l>ack  of 
the  sheet.  The  permanent  names  and  title 
will  l)e  supplied  eubsequently  by  the  oftice  in 
uniform  styki. 

Armssat**— *  •#  Wtffmwmit  *tm. 

vSlien  figures  ere  larger  tnlui  the  Width  of 
the  sheet,  the  ktieV  te  turned  on  its  side,  and 
the  sMce  for  heeding  will  be  left  «t  the  right, 
and  that  tot  the  sighature*  at  th<l  left,  ocApy- 
ing  the  Mune  space  end  position  ea  hi  the  up- 
<Hi7bt  subjects,  so  fhat  the  heading  and  names 
will  readTright  when  the  dnWing li  held  hi  an 
upright  posttion. 

i»eei>l  Vta»«  A»s>  Oilelnt  4UtMU. 

4.  As  a  nile,  mie  view  only  ei  each'inven- 
tion  eatt  be  showil  In  (he  Gafette  iU«itra- 
tions.  The  selection  of  that  nottioa  of  a 
drawing  best  calciilated  to  ei^aiii  (h^  liatan 
of  the  spedfic  biiptovemettt  Would  b4  fttcili- 
tated,  and  the  final  result  tatapt^oved,  by  the 
jtfdicioas  eiteMtioA  M  a  figure  with  mress 
reference  to  th4  GaMtte,  but  Whtdk  m^tht,  at 
the  same  time,  act  as  one  of  the  llgurea  re- 
ferred to  in  the  specification.  ]Mt1iiii]terpase, 
the  fignre  wmfm  a  plan,  elevation,  section,  or 
perspective  view,  acMrding  to  the  jndgBMnt  of 
the  dratiglMamaik  It  asust  Mot  cover  a  space 
exceeding  tiatecw  sdnnre  indiea.  All  its  parts 
should  be  eepeckaiy  open  and  dlMinct,  with 
veiy  littl*  or  no  shading,  and  it  must  illnslrate 
the  hiveatMn  dafascd  Oohr,  to  ih«  eaduahm  of 
all  other  deiailb    (See  Fk.  I., 


opttesiM 
41.)  When  wen  exeenicd.  It  wtil  he  iscd 
wiilKMt  CMtttdhnead  tk  change  t  bntany  aiMapt 
at  eacessivo  fineiiai&  esowoMic  or  nnneeeesBiv 
elaboratenese  of  detail,  WUI  inson  ks  it^aetion 

I  DMWU^ehohMbenHM'ftsrtfMiBiMiao 
to  flii  djaHj  libt  IMMeii. 

No  i(gi(Mit  nor  antMi^s  mtutp,mt  tny 
written  Mum  «^  b*  peiMUted  unAi  the 
face  a  i  dMtlaC  tHdblfi  er  withsnrif  tM„aMr- 
gfaiallteK 

sIgMs  tHA  tMd»>m«frk«,  Kt  the  ofilcit  «<lct  net 
deWciM  theae.  (^  Ridee  fol*  SeiigM  mid 
'Mde.MMa;) 

la  The  fti^iingnilcvMlmim  to  drawings 
win  be  i1|Mly  enforced'!  and  alldnnrhlg  not 
aroamauy  etNoenw  n  eonona^y  UMNWiia 
will  be  retwmed  ttt'SNrtlilhilftive  applicants,  or, 
attM  mt(M^  dtHU^^a  M,  M  dke 


*fii 


PATENTS. 


5«S 


ment,  style,  and  quality  of  work,  win  be  ftir- 
nithed  upon  request. 

Mow  DrnwlMN  WIS  ■slaawsa^ 
as.  All  reissue  appncations  muiti  be  accom- 
panied Inr  new  thick  paper  drawings,  as  in  orig- 
inal applicaiions. 

knawtoylsi*  AMtseii  A«vlMei. 
as.  AmHicants  are  advised  to  employ  com- 
petent artists  to  make  their  drawings. 

Menan. 

Ma«olt  WbMi  ■«M|ISFe«~Wlwa  tkoir 

■  iWtlNMW. 

a4.  A  model  will  be  required  in  every  case 
where  the  nature  of  the  invention  admits  of 
luch  illustration,  except  in  applications  upon 
dusigns.  It  must  clearlv  exhibit  every  feature 
of  the  BMchine  which  forms  the  subject  of  a 
claim  of  invention,  Imt  should  not  include 
other  matter  than  that  eovered  by  the  actual  in- 
vention or  inmovement,  nnlesa  it  is  necessary 
10  the  exhibition  of  a  worlihtg  model.  When 
the  invention  is  a  composition  of  matter,  a 
specimen  of  each  of  the  ingredHenta  and  of  the 
composition,  properly  marked,  must  acoonapany 
the  application. 

V*w  MMte. 

•5.  The  model  must  be  neativ  and  substan- 
tially made  of  duraUe  matcriai,  metal  bdng 
deemed  preferable)  and  should  not  in  any  caae 
Iw  mora  than  one  Coot  in  length,  width,  or 
height.  If  asade  of  pine  or  other  soft  wOod.  it 
•houM  be  painted,  stained,  or  varnished.  Qlne 
muHt  not  M  used,  but  the  parts  should  be  so 
connected  aa  to  lesiat  the  aelion  of  heat  or 
moisture. 


aO.  A  working  model  is  always  desirable,  in 
order  to  enable  the  office  fully  and  readily 
to  understand  the  pradae  operatian  of  the 
machine. 

KOEalnMlSI^  aKMMIISa 

ay.  The  model,  unless  it  is  deemed  neees- 
lary  that  It  be  preserved  in  the  oOke,  or  anlcss 
it  M  otherwise  disposed  of,  may  be  returned  to 
the  applicant  upon  demand,  and  at  his  expense, 
in  all  cases  where  an  m>pliGation  has  helm  re- 
jected more  than  two  veaiat  and  the  model, 
in  any  pending  caae  of  lem  than  two  veaa' 
'  *  to  the  applicAnt 


be  retnmed 


standini 

upon  the  filing  of  a  fonaal  abandoninent  of 


mg,  amy 
the  filtni, 
tHe  appHcatlow,  si(pierf  byapniicant  in  peraon. 

•I.  Modenfited  aa  exhibits,  in  interference 
and  other  eas«li;  muf  be  nMunied  to  the  appli- 
cant or  otherwWl  ttpeaedof  at  Adi  ^ftscretion 
of  the  connlaiimier. 

MM  tmikmanikMmsf. 

•Mesp  wf  aMinsc  ■xaastaMtMn. 
•9.  Al^ensan  In  the  pnleM  oftee  ate  classi- 
fied avfi  isKMi  wtf  Cm*  stmnlMNloai  in  regular 
Older  t  titise  Ih  BM  «HMe  dnM  bMnr  eMWned 
and  dbpeaed  ot  «i.ftr  tm  pDaedciiMe,  l«  Mm 
order  in  whidi  iim  neapedivti  ^tpMcatioia  are 
compMietB  WMn,  iwwever,  nw  invennon  m 
ueenMQ'O*  peemiar  mpnimmw  so  soom  iwancn 
of  thn  |MMwwM*ieei  mill  whM,  <brth«  raaaotH 
the  head  of  soaae  diMMMMM'of  the  mwem- 
iienr  Midril^ieMMM  tei|Mdhd«  neOon,  the 
^aa»«itK*lhhMVoM«rillFotfiar.    Thise» 


with  applications  fbr  extensions,  for  reissue, 
and  for  letters  patent  for  inventions  fur  which 
a  foreign  patent  has  already  been  obtained, 
which  oases  have  precedence  over  all  others, 
are  the  only  exceptions  to  the  above  rule  in 
relation  to  the  onlcr  of  examination.  If  an 
application  is  found  to  conflict  with  a  caveat, 
its  examination  will  be  suspended  as  herein- 
after provided. 

The  first  step  in  the  examination  of  any 
ap|rfication  will  be  to  determine  whether  it  is, 
in  all  res|)ects,  in  proper  form.  If,  however, 
an  objection  as  to  form  is  not  vital,  the  exami- 
ner may  proceed  to  the  consideration  of  the 
application  on  its  merits ;  but  in  such  cose  he 
must,  in  hb  first  letter  to  applicant,  stats  all  his 
objections,  whether  formal  or  otherwise. 
AMessgwsiee  mt  AMille«a<s  Va  jsoeeeMirir. 

SO.  The  personal  attendance  of  the  appli- 
cant at  the  patent  office  is  unnecessary.  The 
business  can  be  d«>ne  by  correspondence  or  by 
attorney  {  and  if  there  has  been  an  assignment 
of  the  whole  or  of  an  undivided  part  of  the 
invention,  the  asdgnee,  or,  in  the  latter  case, 
the  amisnce  and  Uie  inventor  jointly,  will  be 
recognixeU  as  the  proper  party  to  prosecute  the 
apt^ioilion. 

virttnB  AHSom^MMiimi  BKAV  ho  Kn^hSk 

31.  The  applicant  has  a  right  to  amend  after 
the  fitrt  rejection ;  and  he  may  amend  as  often 
as  the  examiner  presents  any  new  references. 
After  a  second  rejection,  and  at  any  time  before 
the  issue  of  a  patent,  special  amendments  may 
be  made  on  approval  by  the  commissioner,  if 
sufficient  reason  therefor  be  shown.  But  such 
anMndmenis  must  fint  be  submitted  to  the 
I  tribunal  last  acting  on  the  case,  for  recommen- 
dation olr  objection.  Affidavits  in  support  of 
applications  will  not  be  reoeived  at  any  stage 
a  the  examinatfon,  nnlesa  the  oflke  deniea 
that  the  device  is  operative. 


$t.  All  amendaaenla  of  the  model,  drawings, 
or  spedficaiiori,  in  the  caae  of  origiiml  applica- 
tions which  ara  eqiaUe  of  illustration  by  draw- 
ing or  model,  must  conform  to  at  least  one  of 
them  as  they  were  at  the  time  of  the  filfaig  of  the 
application  \  further  change*  than  this  can  only 
be  made  bv  filing  *  new  i^jdication.  If  (he 
invention  doca  nO(  admit  e«  illnstratton  by 
drawing,  amentbneat  of  (he  ipecification  May 
be  m*«w  upon  pTo^f  satMactory  to  (he  commis- 
sioner that  the  propoMid  aaendment  is  a  part 
of  the  original  faiventiofk 

■•w.tkor  i|M«  If  ikMkWB. 

AH  amerfdHfitnta  at  spedfioatioils  or  claims 
must  be  made  on  aBiaBale  sheets  of  paper  from 
theror^nal,  Md  meet  be  filed  In  the  maimer 
above  directed.  Even  when  the  aaaendment 
conatste  in  etrikinf  oat  a  poitlon  of  the  snedfi- 
calion  or  oAier  paper,  the  saMe  eoutse  mumld 
be  obeerved.  No  emaare  moat  be  made  by 
dw  ^ipUcant.  In  every  case  of  aaMadanwnt 
the  emtct  woro  or  nMMs  to  bo  tlillihen'  oti  or 
imeited  should  b«  ehtttly  specMedi  and  die 
nredae  point  kitncaftd  t»h«w  the 
Inseition  il  to  be  mate 


til 
Wl 


T^m- 


Mr..^.ftti  — '    ^ — 


J 


PATENTS. 


13.  'Wktntvcr,  on  tsualaailoa,  uv  clidn 
for  A  {Mitnt  b  rtJMUd  for  ainr  NMon  wbatCTOT, 
the  applicuit  will  b«  nalia«l  dMNor,  md  lb* 
rMMiM  for  nek  rcjwiloii.wUI  b«j|iv«n,  to- 
gather  wit'.,  luch  ialormaHM  uul  r>(M«nc«  m 
m».j  b*  SMfttl  in  Judging  of  tiM  pnpriotjr  of 

rowcttting  hi*  (.pDliration  or  of  altering  his 
i^pecificction  (  and  if,  after  reotivlng  rach  notice, 
ho  ihall  penin  in  bit  claim  for  a  patent,  with 
or  wilhont  alteriAR  hit  ipj^ciiicatioa,  tho  caM 
will  be  re>e««min«d. 


'■'■**€au2Rffi:*S 

94.  UpontM  rtj'iction  of  an  apfJicatkHi  for 
want  of  novelty,  the  emaiiner  anit  ti'M  the 
best  riferencet  at  hit  coaaaand,  and  tho  appli- 
cant will,  if  he  dcmandt  it,  bo  entitled  to  a 
necific  nteence  {bj  nasM,  date,  and  daat,  w 
tto  oqaivaleM  thereof)  to  Ike  aitido  or  articlat 
bf  which  it  it  anticipated.  If  he  detiret  a 
otm  of  the  coiet  to  rtferred  to,  or  of  tho  pkrtea 
or  drawing*  ooanocted  with  them,  they  will  be 
foTfnurded  to  him,  if  in  the  pwtemioa  of  tho 
office,  on  payment  of  the  ooat  of  maUag  Nch 
capita. 

95.  Wkca  the  n^ection  of  an  apniication  fo 
fbnndod  npon  another  cato  jprtviowiy  .-^cctcd, 
but  not  witkdrawn  or  abanooMd,  tho  applicant 
will  be  lnmi*ked  with  all  inlbrmalio*  in  rela- 
tion to  the  prevloiialy  njectod  ea*e  whidi  i* 
neoe*aBiy  for  tbo  pioper  «nd*r*taadiag  and 
managrment  of  hit  own.  Bnt  this  <nil«  doM 
not  an^oriae  <ho  dtatio*.  of  pending  applicao 
tlon*  a*  rewrencet. 

gt.  The  apcdfteation,  eqweially  If  the  daim 
be  amended,  mnat  be  amended  and  Mvited,  if 
rcqnirad  by  tho  oumi<le^  far  tho  nnrpot*  of 
correcting  inacouraciet  of  detoription  or  rni- 
ncceatary  pnUaily,  and  of  Mcnriai  corrctpond- 
•nco  between  tho  atatMnrnt  and  oetcription  of 
the  invention  and  the  mbai;  Mere  enron  of 
ortbograpky  w  of  gmmniatioal  eoaatmctioB 
will  becorwcted  by  jo  eimminwr  in  diaip. 

gy.  Th«  ottco  will  tfot  Nina  »pcd<ea<iona 
for  ameadinent;  and  ia  no  case  wOl  my  pe^ 
ion  bo  allowed  to  tnho  my  pma>»  drawiim, 
modela,  or  aaaqilea  froia  A»  offiee.  If  ap^i- 
cant*  have  not  pruetred  oopic*  of  aneh  papei* 
as  they  with  to  amend,  the  office  wW  nmiih 
them  on  the  nmal  term*. 
•AM     ' 


V^^^ 


gt.  Evar  palcM  wiS~bi*r  data  at  of  a  da^ 
not  later  tarn  tix  moMhi  fton  dto  tiam  at 
whidt  die  anpMcalioa  waa  saisad  aaa  a&iMrod 
and  aotiee  tMioof  waa  muled  to  Hw  amliaat 
or  U*  agent,  aa4  if  At!  ftlal  fiw  (or,  to  «*■« 
tbo  fto  haa  baen  paid  to  tht  iicaaator  or  any  of 
t  tnaMBin,  or  any  of  tho  deafapialad 
I  of  tho  IMMd  ScMca,  tha  ca^cM* 


I ba aot neHved  at dmoAce iMiin 
,  tho  patent  will  be  wllidMM.   Tho 


patty  mar,  however,  obtain  a  patent  npm  a 
new  application,  at  hereinafter  provided. 
A  patent  will  not  be  antedated. 

wmi»BAWfr  aw*  muBcnui  Ar. 

ri.lCATfl«JI«. 

WoMOflwg  ApftlianHomai 

99.  When  an  i^icaUan  for  a  patent  has 
been  rejected  and  the  applicant  bil*  to  renew 
ihe  same,  nr  to  file  a  new  one  within  two  yean 
after  the  date  when  cotice  of  the  laat  official 
action  was  mailed  to  him  or  to  hi*  agent,  liis 
application  will  be  held  to  have  been  aban- 
doned. 

Any  act  which  call*  todi  rejected  andica- 
tion  np  for  farther  oonaideration,  within  Ihe 
time  mentioned,  will  bo  regarded  at  cow|itnt- 
ing  a  renewal. 
roM  mmmmtw9*  wtUi : 


40.  When  K  n«%  application  it  iWd  in  nUce 
of  an  d4  oii«»  «>  new  liio  will  invariabfy  be 
required. 

Mtay  Mh^  tM  »a1otomMy  Aaaamwttd 

41.  Upon  tho  heamg  of  applicationt  at- 
tempted to  be  renewed  after  the  expiration  of 
\ha  two  yoara  after  any  aetioa  iher«m,  it  m«*t 
be  ahown  to  tho  latMaotiow  of  tho  comaUt- 
aiandr  titat  taeh  dehy  waa  anavoidable. 

Agmmia  toijSiSamota  teCfctofe   , 

4a.  Every  applicant  tor  a  patent  or  the 
of  a  potent,  aay  of  the  daimt  of 


whidt  have  twiee  bete  rejected,  waj  apneal 
firoat  the  doddM  of  tho  priaMiy  onamer 
in  andi  eaie  to  the  board  of  exaadnen-in- 
chief,  having  onco  paid  a  fee  of  tee  dollan. 
For  ui*  pnipoto  a  petition  ia  writing  aMit  be 
filed,  (igned  by  the  party,  or  hit  aathoriud 
agent  or  attotnoy,  pnying  m  appeal,  and  tet- 
ting  liiitli  the  raaaoai  npoa  which  the  i^peal  it 
taken. 

Thia  ttatetoaat  oT^ffio  reaioni  of  aMnal 
thottld  poiat  oni  dittiactly  and  naciikally  the 
tnppetod  mttn  of  tho  oxamincra  action,  and 
tbottli  oowdtato  a  brief  of  the  argament  npoa 
which  the  applicant  will  tdy  ia  n^port  oibi* 
appeal.  Udom  tho  qipoal  ia  ontntdned  by 
the  board,  thit  atateiMat  will  bo  tabmiitcd  to 
thn  priamy  examiner,  who  wiQ  make  amwer 
ia  writiag  toaddaf  att  the  pointt  iavdved 
tlierda.  ; 

If  the  appellant  dedrai  to  be  heard'onlly 
bcfapo  the  board,  he  abaald  to  indicate  when 
ho  filea  hit  ttpped}  a  day  of  hearing  wOt  then 
befixod,aaaaiia  aolicoof  the  tamo  beghwn 
-Wai. 

ffiraaeail^ga  mi  Awpaal. 

49.  Ilw  maiwimra  tn-fhW  will  ooaplder 
the  cats  aa  it  waa  whm  lait  pattetf  lutoa  by 
the  piiAianr  oxaaBfaiar,  aHH4y  toddag  iia  de- 
ddma  to  mr  aa  they  worn  advene  to  the  ap- 
pellaat  If,  htMravar*  thqr  dbcover  aiqr  naton 

not  #rm  by  tbo  oaaaiiaer,  WI9  a  pataat  dtoi'l^ 
not  latBai,  tb^riiho^todco  a  ataiamni  to  thai 

ofltct  to  tiM  coanalMioacr. 

If  affidavita  aia  rccdved  andar  Ka)*  31, 
afiar  dwoaaa  hM  hem  mmded,  dto  ma^i^ 


PATENTS. 


Ky 


tlon  will  be  remanded  to  the  exomiiMr  for  re- 
consideration. 

rrovo^alolloo  ••  Aftp^mM. 

44.  There  mutt  be  two  rejection*  upon  ibe 
claim*  a*  originally  filed,  or,  i<  imeitded  in  a 
mailer  of  tuboiance,  upon  the  amended  claim* ; 
and  all  the  claim*  must  be  paaaed  upon  anil  all 
preliminary  and  intermediate  queation*  must  be 
settled  before  the  case  i*  appealed  to  Ihe  iMiard. 

AMNal  trmmt  ■aaaslaor  t*  Conaaale* 
rimaor. 
<  Decision*  of  examiner*  upon  preliminary  or 
intermediate  aue*tion*,  or  refu*al*  to  act,  once 
repeated,  will  ue  re-examined,  by  the  commi*- 
tioncr  in  per*on,  upon  written  application  *et- 
ting  forth  the  ground*  of  Ihe  appeal,  and 
annwor  therdo  Of  the  examiner  a*  in  other  ap- 
peal*. For  appeal*  of  thi*  dam  no  fee  is 
required. 

45.  Ca*e*  which  havoDcenhcard  and  de- 
cided on  apped  will  not  be  reopened  by  the 
examiner  wiihout  Ibe  wrktcn  authority  of  the 
commiidoner;  and  caaea  which  have  been 
dedded  Inr  the  examiner*-in-cbief  will  not 
be  niicard  by -them,  except  upon  the  lame 
authority. 

Caee*  whidi  have  been  deliberately  dedded 
hy  one  oommfadpner  will  not  be  reconsidered 
\j  hi*  anccemor  npon  tho  aame  date  of  focu. 
They  may,  however,  be  reopened  in  accord- 
ance with  tho  oenerd  priacipua  which  govern 
Ibe  granting  of  new  trial*. 

AMoato  l^aaa  ■aaMmtarafaOaMMtei: 

46.  All  ca*e*  which  have  been  acted  on  by 
the  board  of  examiner*-in -chief  may  be  bcongiit 
before  the  coamdmioner  in  penoo,  upon  a  writ- 
ten reqaeit  to  thd  eflect,  and  npon  the  payment 
of  the  fee  of  twemy  dollan  requirad  by  law. 

Aawmto  f  ■awrema  Caint  r»aeae<i 


4y.  Fn»  aa  advene  deddoa  apoa  Ibe 
ddmt  of  m  applicatioa  m  appeal  amy  bo 
taken  to  the  anproBO  oooit  of  ue  Diatrict  of 
Columbia  dtting  im  tmme.  Ia  taking  tach  ap- 
peak  tho  applicant  ia  roqoired,  under  the  idea 
of  tho  oonit,  to  pqr  to  wo  elerk  of  tho  conit 
a  doek4l-fee  of  tea  ddlan,  and  ho  ia  aho  re- 
quired fav  law  to  hiv  befH*  the  coatt  certified 
capita  or  dl  the  orlgind  papen  and  evidence 
in  the  caae.'  The  petition  ahould  be  filed  and 
the  fee  paid.at  lead  tea  dm  befera  the  com- 
menceawnt  of  the  tern  of  orjart  at  which  the 
apped  i*  to  be  beard. 

Immodialdy  npoa  laklaf|  m  apped  the  ap- 
pellaat  mad  give  notice  ttimof  to  we  conwii*- 
sioner  of  patent*ijiid  file  to  tho  patent  office 
hi*  rcaaeaa  of  apptol,  apaiifiedly  td  ferth  ia 
writing. 

The  dodid  ibr  the  trid  vf  cataa  appeded 
from  Ae  deddon  rftho  eototdtdooer  of  pat- 
enu  will  b«  cdled  oa  ttw  I1.4  dav  of  each 
session  of  tho  auprcnM  coed  of  i>e  District  of 
Columbia  ia  geaeni  tern.  Theae  ^-emion*  are 
held  Area  In  each  year,  and  bcgia  »kjiadivdy 
on  the  fini  Mondqr  in  Imaary,  the  ttarvi  M«ni- 
day  ia  April,  and  tbt  toorth  Monday  ia  dtp- 


a  iMtoHlwoaoo  Ca 

•waroaso  C*«r«. 

4*.  In  caae*  of  interference  panic*  have  the 
lame  remedy  by  appeal  to  Ihe  examiners-in- 
chief,  and  to  the  crmimlssioner,  as  in  tx-farti 
canes ;  but  no  appeal  lie*  in  such  cases  from 
the  decision  of  the  conimissiuner.  Appeals  in 
interference  case*  should  be  accompanied  wiih 
a  brief  statement  of  the  reasons  therefor }  and 
both  parties  will  be  required  to  file  brief*  of 
their  argument*  at  least  five  day*  before  the 
day  of  hearing.  Printed  brief*  are  in  dl  ca*c* 
preferred. 

■BAMXCML 
HourlMso,  RovalatlMM  lk#. 

40.  All  cases  pending  before  the  commU- 
doner,  the  board  of  esamincr*-in-chicf,  or  the 
examiner  in  charge  of  interference*,  will  stand 
for  argument  at  13  o'clock  on  Ihe  day  of 
hearing,  ndem  aome  other  hour  be  *pecially 
deahpuited.  If  dther  party  in  a  cante*ted  ca*e, 
or  the  appellant  in  an  tji-fartt  caie,  appear*  at 
thd  time,  he  'vill  be  heard,  but  a  coateated 
ca*ewill  not  be  taken  up  for  ord  argument 
after  the  day  of  hearing,  except  by  the  consent 
of  both  nartiet.  If  the  engagement*  of  the 
tribond  before  whoaa  the  caae  i*  pending  are 
*ach  at  to  prevent  it  frtmi  being  taken  up  r 
tho  ilay  of^  hearing,  a  new  amignment  wiU  tf 
made,  or  the  ca*e  will  be  oootTnued  from  . 
to  day  natil  heard.  Unlcm  otherwlae  ord' 
before  the  bearing  begin*,  ord  aigumentr  A 
be  limited  to  one  Aoar  for  each  connaeb  <4fter 
any  cato  bat  been  aigacd,  aothing  further  le- 
laitng  thereto  will  be  heard  Bn..ja  tequcttad 
by  the  tribnnd  hadng  the  dedaionof  the  ca*e; 
and  jU  interdewa  for  thi*  parpoae,  with  partie* 
in  iMortd  or  tbdr  attoraeyt,  will  be  invariably 
denied. 

Mwimm  ni  o*MTnrnn»  casbb. 

ge.  In  coateated  catca  rtaoonaUe  notice  of 
dl  motiont,  and  copiea  of  the  motion,  papen, 
and  affidavitik  mtut  be  *erved  npon  the  of^xv 
die  party  or  ait  attorney.  Prmi  of  tuch  *er'' 
vice  mud  be  asade  before  the  motion  will  be 
entertained  by  the  office)  and  motion*  will  not 
be  heard  ia  toe  abaenoe  of  dther  party  except 
npon  defedt  after  dne  aoticf.  Motion*  will 
be  heard  ia  the  fiid  imtaace  by  the  officer  or 
tribond  before  whom  the  particniar  caae  may 
be  pending;  but  an  Kfffuu.  ftom  tibe  deciuon 
rendered  amy  be.idten  to  the  OQB8ii**ioner  in 
pcnoo. 


SI.  An  *•  intermcnce  "tea  proceeding  in- 
*tiluled  Cdt  the  paifpcae  of  determining  the 
question  *A  primrtfy  ^  mvnUiom  between  two 
or  mote  parties  claiming  the  tame  patentable 
tvbject-mattet.  It  may  abo  be  retorted  to  for 
the  purpose  of  procunng  evidence  relating  to 
the  allt^ted  abandonment  or  the  public  use  of 
an  hivention. 

Before  the  declaration  of  an  interference  all 
ptdiminaiy  question*  must  be  settled  by  the 
primary  examiner,  md  the  iwue  dearly  de- 
nned ;  the  invcntioa  which  it  to  form  the  id>- 
jed  of  the  toatiweity  mnt  b«  dadd«d  to  ba 


will  be  cowwod  bv  Hw  muuaiiMr  ta  dMm. 


?; 


K 


PATENTS. 


S).,  WhcMvcr,  on  tsaniiwloai  uv  cliim 
fori  jpatmt  it  nJMted  for  mv  iwioa  whattrtr, 
llM  appliauit  will  be  nolifiad  thamA,  and  tht 
KuoM  for  nch  rejection  .will  b«j|iv«n,  to- 
gether wit'.,  luch  informntion  and  ie(eimcee  at 
mvf  be  omTuI  in  Judging  of  tbo  profviely  of 
,  roMculing  hie  dpplintioB  or  of  tltering  hit 
Apedficalion  |  nnd  ii,  after  receiving  mch  notice, 
he  ihall  penitt  in  bit  claim  for  a  patent,  with 
or  without  altering  bit  a|t«cification,  the  ~ 
will  be  re-e«tmin«a. 


rar 


94.  Upon  the  rcj'iction  of  an  application  for 
want  of  noreltjr,  the  examiner  mmt  ti'M  the 
bett  references  at  ha  command,  and  the  apfdi- 
cant  will,  if  be  demands  it,  be  entitled  to  a 
specific  reftrence  {hj  naoM,  date,  and  daat,  or 
the  equivalent  thereof)  to  the  article  or  articles 
bjr  wbidi  it  is  anticipated.  If  he  desires  a 
cmv  of  the  cases  to  rtferred  10,  or  of  the  plates 
or  diswings  connected  with  them,  they  will  be 
forwarded  to  him,  If  in  the  powemion  of  the 
office,  on  paymeirt  of  the  coat  of  making  mch 
ftmias 
^^ifttsniii  sf  l*BnfiiiiitTniiT 

3S.  wSm  the  rei«ction  of  an  apniicatian  fe 
founded  span  another  case  nevlawff  '.^^ected. 
but  not  withdrawn  or  abandoMd,  the  applicaitt 
will  be  fiimiilMd  with  all  infbrmaliM  in  rehi- 
tioB  to  the  pvevloHsljr  njocted  case  iihidk  k 
neoetsnjp  Car  th«  proper  understanding  and 
BunagenMnt  of  his  own.  But  this  rale  docs 
not  andMrise  flw  dtatkm.  of  pcndtag  appUca- 
tions  at  rewrences. 

|g.  The  specification,  eqMciallj  if  the  daim 
be  aamnded,  mast  be  ameiided  and  revised,  if 
reqnirsd  by  tht  uumiiier.  fat  the  pvpote  of 
correcting  inacoKacies  of  deteriptioa  or  un 


ortbograplnr  or  of  grammatical 
wiUr 


of 
contmctian 


37.  The  ofic*  wUI  pot  letnn  lyecifieaHons 
ibr  amendmen^i  and  u  no  eaie  wQl  rnjr  per- 
ton  be  allowed  to  tako  luqr  fptih  drawinn, 
models,  or  saoqiles  firan  the  omee.  If  appii* 
cants  have  not  preserved  oopiet  of  such  papets 
a*  thejr  wbh  to  amend,  dte  office  will  fumiih 
(hem  on  the  oraal  terms. 

»A«s  «r  r A< 


9!.  Even  patcM  wffl  b^  date  as  of  a  di^ 
not  lata  mm  rix  nontte  from  ^  time  at 
whidi  the  aoplicalkM  was  paMed  $ni  alfawed 
and  notice  nicsiof  was  MMled  to  llw  anttcmt 
or  Us  agent,  ««4  if  th«  fiiiiltM  («r. »  em 
th«  fee  hia  been  paid  to  the  Ireaswfr  or  any  of 

dBWstoriMi  of  the  Uiriled  States,  #1  oeilMcMe 
cTdMaaiO  i"  Mtieedved  at  Ae:dke  mfOiin 
SttpMte^thepitentwmbewttUidd.   The 


petty  may,  however,  obtain  a  patent  npeA  a 
new  application,  as  hereinafter  provided. 
A  patent  will  not  be  antedated. 

wrrnvBAWw  aii»  mmMmonm  Ar. 

_       rMCA-WMfc 

39.  When  an  i^icaUon  for  a  patent  hat 
been  rejedsd  and  the  applicant  bils  to  renew 
ihe  tame,  fv  to  file  a  new  one  within  two  veen 
after  the  date  when  cotice  of  the  latt  official 
action  WM  mailed  to  him  or  to  hte  agent,  his 
application  will  be  held  to  have  hem  sInui- 
doned. 

Any  act  which  callt  tndi  rejected  applic*. 
tion  up  fw  farther  conaideration,  within  the 
lime  mentioned,  will  be  regarded  as  co«Bi|itnt- 
ing  a  renewal. 
roan  BoMUMtl  wttti : 


40.  Whes  k  neit  application  is  filed  in  place 
of  an  ol4  on«i  it.  new  fee  will  invariably  be 
requited. 

»«tay  m^Afi.  %>»  ■■frtemtty  Atmatwle* 

41.  Upon  the  hearing  of  qiptications  at- 
tempted to  be  ranewtd  afl»r  llw  expiratkm  of 


the  two  yeats  after  any  action  ihet«m,  it  1 
be  shown  to  the  istisfiwttpn  at  the  cosBmis- 
skwir  tiMt  smli  dejwrwaa  unavoidable. 

Anmla  ««lSKMUiBMm4sNCIito& 

4*.  Bvsiy  appUcaat  fiir  a  patent  or  the 
reiasae  of  •  patent,  vtj  tX  the  dafans  of 
whidi  have  twiee  beee  rejected,  atay  apoeal 

in  sndi  case  to  the  board  of  examineiB-in- 
chief,  having  once  paid  a  fee  of  ten  ddiais. 
For  diia  puipeee  a  petition  in  writing  aMit  be 
filed,  signed  by  the  patty,  or  his  aathotiied 
agent  or  attorney,  pmyiiig  an  appeal,  and  set- 
ting liotdi  the  naaoos  upon  wUcb  tha  appeal  b 
taken. 

This  statemont  oTthe  reaioni  of  annal 
should  point  oni  distinctly  and  ipoeifiGally  the 
auppoeed  dTCf*  of  the  cxandncra  action,  and 
shoQli  cowetitnto  a  brief  of  the  atgnment  upon 
which  the  aw^MeMit  wQl  rely  te  siqppott  of  hit 
appeaL  Iwmo  the  appeal  la  entertained  by 
the  board,  this  statement  will  be  submitted  to 
thn  primsiy  examiner,  whs  wiQ  maka  answer 
in  writing  tondmng  a^  tha  pointt  invdvcd 
therdn. 

If  tke  antellant  destres  to  be  heard'ordly 
before  the  ooard,  he  dionid  so  indictrte  when 
he  files  his  (wpeal;  a  day  of  hearing  wHl  then 
be  fixed,  ana  diw  n^ticcaf  the  tamo  be|^vea 
him. 

4g.  The "oMiiwfiSnKin-chirf'wM  cowldtr 
the  catft  aa  tt  was  irimn  lait  ptmed  mun  \tj 
the  primaiT  exaariner,  «vdy  rerisiag  fell  de- 
dtioM  so  Mr  as  they  vera  advene  to  the  ap- 


If,  however,  tiMy  discover  WKjf  1 
not  givan  by  tito  exaaiiner,  w^  a  paMnt  dwutd 

mil  Tmnm  lliat  Aanid  ■■■lii  ■  MaltMi— t  l&lhKl 


aimcc  SB  wu  001 

tfiiiiilMlil  m»  wiaAviA  mdar  Ktil  ji, 
^arttn  aaan  has  been  ammded.  tta  aaama. 


,  obtai*  •  patent  apM  « 
iMfrinaftcr  providad. 
ba  antadatad. 

mm  mutmonat  Ar. 

I^ATIAJIlk 

r  amimhmimm. 

pUcauon  for  a  patant  bai 
la  appllcaiii  bill  to  ranaw 
naw  ona  within  two  yaan 
coticc  of  tha  Uit  official 
>  him  or  to  hit  agant,  his 
hald  to  hava  baan  aban- 

ills  audi  rajactad  upplic*- 
ooMidaratioa,  withia  the 
1  ha  ragardad  aa  Goai|itnt- 


tUi 


aiipUcatio0  ia  filad  to  slaca 
;w  fae  will  invarialHy  be 


earing  of  applkationa  at- 
wad  aftar  tha  axpirtikm  of 
ujr  aetkoo  thcf«M,  it  nraat 
[tiifiwtlpin  of  tha  opnadi- 
v9*voidabla. 


a  patant  or  tha 
It,  wf  of  the  daisM  of 
bMB  ra{«etcd,  bmjt  appaal 
of  tha  primatjr  auanar 
a  hoard  of  axamia«n-in- 
pald  n  fea  of  tae  dolhua. 
patitioB  la  writtag  SMMt  be 
k  paity,  or  hit  aathodiad 
mying  an  aniaal,«ndBet- 
M  opoa  wbicB  tha  appaal  b 


reatoat  of  app^ 
■tlncUy  and  ipeeifleally  the 
tha  axaadnera  action,  and 
bitaf  of  tba  atgwnant  apon 
will  rrijr  in  '"ppat  oi^hit 
I  appeal  ia  entertained  bjr 
!«Mnt  will  be  tabmUted  to 
lar,  who  will  aialta  answer 
f  att  tha  point!  iandved 

detiraB  to  be  heard'onlly 
M  thonld  ao  indicate  when 
a  day  of  bearing  will  ttoi 
lOticaof  tba  aauM  begKrca 


^irddtTwIr 
I  «4mhi  latt  paMed  lUioit  by 
Mr,  aavgdy  ravitiag  bia  da- 
tf  warn  adnsiae  to  the  ap- 
tr,  thajr  discover  any  naion 
uaiaer,  wfcjra  patMtthoilild 

iM  mulkm  a italMiilt  talWt 

twtaivad  mdar  'XaKi  91, 
been  aBoaded^  tta  ■«mJI''»- 


PATENTS. 


S«7 


tion  will  ba  remanded  to  the  examiner  for  re- 
consideration. 

■■vMro^alaltoa  ••  Ap|wi. 

44.  There  mutt  be  two  rejections  upon  ilia 
claims  a*  originally  filed,  or,  i*  smeitdcd  in  a 
matter  of  substance,  upon  tha  amended  claims ; 
and  all  the  claims  must  ba  passed  upon  and  all 
preliminanr  and  intermediate  questions  must  be 
teiiled  before  the  case  ia  appealed  to  the  iKiard. 
AMMnI  flwm  BaMmiaor  <•  Caml»> 


<  Decisiont  of  examiners  upon  preliminary  or 
intermediate  question*,  or  refusals  to  act,  once 
repeated,  will  lie  re-examined,  by  the  commis- 
lioner  in  person,  upon  written  application  set- 
ling  forth  tha  gronnda  of  the  appeal,  and 
answer  thereto  ay  the  examiner  as  in  other  ap- 
peals. For  appeals  of  this  data  no  fee  it 
required. 


Iiw  af  Amm#nla4  l 
4S.  Caaea  whicn  haveMenhieard  and  de- 
cided on  appeal  will  not  be  reopened  by  the 
examiner  without  tha  written  authority  of  the 
commisaioner;  and  cases  which  have  been 
deddcd  Inr  the  cxaminers-in-chief  will  not 
be  rtiieard  by -them,  except  upon  the  tame 
antbority. 

Catea  which  have  been  deliberately  dedded 
hy  one  oommiasioncr  will  not  ba  reconsidered 
mr  his  sacceitor  upon  tha  aama  state  of  facta. 
They  may,  however,  ba  reopened  in  accord- 
ance with  tha  gcnerd  principiaa  which  govern 
the  granting  of  new  trials. 
AMaala  ftwaa  BBMBitaava-te<<]kla& 
4f.  All  catai  which  have  been  acted  on  by 
the  board  of  examin«a-in-chief  mmj  ba  bvongiit 
before  the  comndwionar  ia  penon,apon  awri^ 
ten  reqaait  to  that  eCnt,  and  apon  the  pavment 
of  the  (ea  of  twenty  doQart  required  fay  law. 
Appotila  t*  ■■Mwaa  Cmu*  fa^aaa* 


47.  Froaa  an  advwaa  dadtion  upon  the 
claima  of  an  application  an  appaal  may  be 
taken  to  the  snprema  ooort  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  sitting  in  kmr.  In  tdiing  tach  ap- 
peals tba  ap^icant  ia  ratraired,  uader  tba  ralea 
of  the  ooart,  to  pay  to  um  deilt  of  tha  court 
a  dockat-feci  of  tan  dothua,  and  ha  it  also  re- 
quired bw  law  to  kv  befcira  tha  coart  certified 
capita  of  all  the  or^(indl  pwpart  aad  evidence 
in  tha  cate.'  Tha  petitian  ihottld  be  filed  and 
the  fee  paid.at  leatt  ten  dm  bdbre  the  com- 
mencemcM  of  the  tcna  of  crjart  at  which  the 
apped  is  to  be  beard. 

Immcdiatdy  upon  takiari  an  apped  tha  ap- 
pelbat  mast  |pve  notice  tbiticaf  to  the  commis- 
sioner of  patents^  and  ile  in  tha  patent  office 
his  rcaiana  of  appttit  qpft4(tedly  aet  forth  in 
writing. 

The  dodiet  Ibv  tlw  trid  if  eaaaa  appealed 
from  the  dactsion  <rf''ibe  eomsusnoncr  of  pat- 
cnu  will  b«  cdled  on  die  it.4  day  of  each 
session  of  tba  aaprcma  eeoit  of  i>c  District  of 
Columbia  ia  general  term.  These  n^saions  are 
held  dMraa  in  cacb  yaur,_and  b^n  nhpcetivdy 

OS  uiS  inai  SiiSuSi^  iB  JiuiSSi/,  tB«  Bmivv  jn.'-fi- 

day  hi  Apdl,  wd  tb*  Ibnrtb  lioadiy  to  dip- 


ApyanI  !■  IiirarOsraaoa  Ca 
•«|»r«w«  VmmrU 

4f .  In  cases  of  interference  parties  have  the 
same  remedy  by  appeal  to  the  cxsmineri-in- 
chief,  and  to  the  commissioner,  as  in  txpart* 
cawes ;  but  no  appeal  lies  In  Kuch  cases  from 
the  decision  of  the  commiuioner.  Appeals  in 
interference  cases  should  be  accompanied  with 
a  brief  statement  of  the  reasons  therefor;  and 
both  parties  will  be  required  to  file  briefs  of 
their  arguments  at  least  five  days  before  the 
day  of  hearing.  Printed  briefs  are  in  all  cases 
preferred. 

■■AKIKCM. 
■•us>lnan,  Hastilattossa  Iter. 

40.  All  cases  pending  before  the  commis- 
sioner, the  board  of  examiners-in-chicf,  or  the 
examiner  in  charge  of  interferences,  will  stand 
for  argument  at  la  o'clock  on  the  day  of 
hearing,  nnlem  some  other  hoar  be  specially 
designated.  If  diher  party  in  a  contcMed  case, 
or  the  appellant  in  an  tjc-fartt  case,  appears  at 
that  time,  he  rrill  be  heard,  but  a  contested 
case  will  not  be  taken  up  for  ord  argument 
after  the  day  of  hearing,  except  by  the  consent 
of  both  partiea.  If  the  engagements  of  the 
tribond  DeCore  whom  the  case  ia  pending  are 
sacb  aa  to  prevent  it  from  being  taken  up  r 
the  9ay  oi^ bearing,  a  new  assignment  wiU  .f 
made,  or  the  case  will  be  oootinucd  from  , 
to  day  antil  Iward.  Unless  otherwise  ord/ 
before  the  bearing  begins,  ord  argnmentr 
ba  limited  to  ona  noor  for  each  oonnaab 
anr  cata  baa  been  argaed,  nothing  further  re- 
lating thereto  will  ba  heard  an-^sa  requested 
by  the  tribund  having  tha  decbion  of  tha  caset 
and  aU  iaterviawa  for  thia  paipoaa,  with  parties 
in  threat  or  tbdr  attoneyt,  will  be  invarid>|y 
denied. 

»m  nr  c*vrnm»  oAua. 


it 
.fier 


SB*  I"  coateated  catea  leaaonable  notice  of 
dl  motions,  and  copiea  of  tha  motion,  papers, 
and  affidavitL  mast  be  served  apon  the  opfiy 
dta  party  or  bia  attorney.  Proof  of  tuch  ser* 
vice  matt  be  made  before  the  motion  will  be 
enuttaiaed  by  the  office;  and  motiont  will  not 
be  heard  in  tbe  abaenoe  of  dthcr  narty  except 
upon  defiialt  after  due  notice.  Motiont  will 
be  heard  in  the  first  instance  by  the  officer  or 
tribund  before  whom  the  jparticalar  case  may 
be  pending;  but  an  appeal  from  the  decision 
rendered  may  be  tdtcn  to  the  ecmmissioncr  in 
person. 


51.  An  "  interference "  ia  a  proceeding  in- 
stituted for  the  pairpoae  of  determining  the 
question  <A  primrffy  if  mvm/itm  between  two 
or  more  partiea  ddming  die  same  patentable 
avfaject-mattet.  It  may  abo  ba  resorted  to  for 
the  purpose  of  procuring  evidence  relating  to 
the  alleged  abandonment  or  the  public  use  of 
an  invention.^ 

Before  the  declantion  of  an  interference  all 
pieliminaiy  questioaa  must  be  settled  by  tbe 
uttiiiaiy  cjuuuiiicr,  mh!  ine  issue  cieariy  de- 
nned; tha  ittventioa  which  it  to  form  the  tub- 
Jact  of  dw  <«attwti«y  mtiat  b«  decided  to  ba 


PATEKTS. 


pwtica  «Mt  ba  Dttl  in  Mwb  condition  thai  they 
will  Dot  Mantra  alimUion  nfter  th«  lnl«rfer«ac« 
Iws  bncn  ftnnUy  <tocid«d,  nnim  th«  iMtlmoay 
•dducwl  npo*  tbn  trial  khould  nnctMltnto  inch 
Chang..     (S.J,4;.)  ^. 

An  inlariWrmca  will  h«  decland  in  th«  fol- 
lowing CMWi 

Firtl.  Whtn  two  or  nor*  pmIIm  h«v«  ap- 
plfcationa  pmding  bafora  Iha  olRca  at  th«  mhi« 
liiM.  auKi  Ibdr  rwfitcav*  claiaM  conflict  In 
whole  or  in  part. 

St€md.  When  two  or  mora  ■ppllcatiana  an 
iwndinc  at  the  aamt  tine,  in  each  of  which  a 
lilcc  patcntahb  invention  ia  ahown  or  daacribed, 
and  claiiped  in  one  thoogh  Mt  qwdficaUy 
claimed  in  all  of  then. 

Tkinl.  When  an  npplicMrt,  having  hnm  re- 
Jecud  «WQ  w  nnexpirad  petmt,  claimi  to 
law  made  the  InvenUoii  beforethejntentee. 

S*.  %  bS  tSSkoM  ofMM  paitiee  has  al- 
raady  obtained  a  patent  «IU  not  prevent  an 
liue^rancei  for,  elthonglt  the  commiwioner 
hat  no  power  to  cancel  a  patent  ah««(l^  imncd, 
he  nHiy,  if  he  Andt  that  another  perion  waa  the 
prior  Inventor,  give  him  a  potent  nho,  and  ihne 
pinee  both  partiea  on  en  eqoal  footing  before 
the  cowta  and  the  public. 


gg^  Befora  the  deehiraitot  of  an  interference 
nraper  n  praliminaiy  hMMfoMnee  will  he  de- 
dand,  fai  which  the  primMT  eaaariner  will  no- 
6ft  the  reapecllve  pnrtiec  when  the  applieatloas 
of  the  ether  paitia*  vera  filed,  loMther^with 
ibek  namee  and  rcaidertcee.  Each  party  to 
the  taiterierencc  will  be  required  to  file  *  itate- 
ment  under  oath.riviMt  detalM  liatary  of 
the  invcntiim.  ahoifbg  ^  daw  of  the  original 
eonoeptioo.  and  iKu  data  (hat  th«  Livration 
waa  reduced  to  dmwinfi  «r  nodeUand  the 
date  of  Us  eompletlan,  »nA  Om  ««lent  ead 
charactar  of  Vi*.  Tbft  paiUce  will  be  «trictly 
held  ia  their  proof  tothe^Xea  a^tlipis  their 
pre&minsty  iiMei|M|ita.  thte  auMeaMnt  mnat 
be  oMled  ttp  Mgm  Ptpf  (ta  be  uMncd  only 
fa*  the  ewmivar  of  ,i»i«(forenG^),  and  the 
nam*  of  taut  Mur^niag  it  and  t)m  eutjiect  of 
thetaventiowiiidbMlfMtefmdope. 

ThoMt  |li>mirit»  4m  mU  «*•»„*•«'? 
InMMctkm  of  the  opfjaetni  P***>**  "»^  ^'^ 
have  been  fi|f4,«iv  fl^  A*  Mif  focfiling  both 
hM  enpiradt  m*  Umh.  WtO  Oe*  have  been 
evunkied  Iqr  A*  pro*"' «<iMt  and  found  to  be 
Mtitfiwtanr.  At  tht  tfane  of  Um  «Miirinat{9n 
of  the  pirtimbwiiy  MMwawm  the  cMmincraf 
■lnt»(i«f«MM  will  dio  «mIw  nn  eianlnatiM 
of  the  pielimiMtnr  dednntian  (ilMtilnlad  by 
the  prtaaiy  eMoiner),  im.  order  to  eMertnin 
wheUier  oi  not  the  imne  hatwcen  tibe  jpntiai 
hal  bean  clearly  defined.    If  it  be  found,  upon 


iriha  parly  upon  whom  ratU  the  burden  «4 
proof  (iUbto  file  a  pnliminary  itataaeni,  or  if 
hit  •talement  iaiia  to  ovarooma  ti«/riM«  /»tu 
caae  atade  by  the  raapactivea  data*  of  appiica- 
lion,  or  if  it  ihowtf  that  ho  hea  abandoned  hit 
invention,  or  that  it  baa  been  in  public  we 
mora  than  two  vaars  bafora  hi*  applica:ion.  the 
other  party  will  be  entitled  to  an  immediate 
adjudication  of  the  case  upon  the  record  t  un- 
lam  a  prcMimplion  ia  created  that  hi*  right  to  a 
patent  ie  afiactcd  by  the  allagud  public  u«a  of 
the  Invention,  in  which  gcm  lh«  intarfarance 
may  be  proceeded  with. 

If  the  earilar  applicant  foilt  to  file  a  prallmi- 
naiy  Matcment,  no  lastiaanny  will  tuhaeauapitly 
be  received  frum  him  going  to  prove  that  ha 
made  the  invention  at  a  date  prior  to  hia  appli- 
eation.  The  pnliminary  •Uiemmt  can  in  no 
erne  be  need  m  evidence  in  behalf  of  the  perty 
making  It.  Ila  uie  it  to  determine  whether 
the  interference  ihall  he  proceeded  with,  and 
to  aerve  at  a  besit  of  craet-cawnination  for  the 
other  purty. 

If  either  perty  nofAn*  a  pQetponenent  ol 
the  time  for  filing  the  pnliminary  ttatemenu, 
he  muttpremnl  hto  reaaon*  therefor,  in  the  form 
of  an  aMavit,  prior  to  the  day  previontly  fixed 
upon. 

■^•^'••'.'•-^iKr^the 


eudt  esaanination,  that  the  nrdimiMtty  decki*' 
tfon  la  nmbigHout  in  dde  particdar,  Ike  intcr- 
tawM  win  »e  tntpeirfnd  and  the  caae  rutuned 


34.  VnMra  no  tattlmony  it  < 
licant  upon  whom  raata  the 


taken  by  tne  ap- 
plicant upon  %fhom  teata  the  burden  of  proof, 
or  when  Icatimony  haa  been  taken  bv  each  ap- 
plicant, but  not  by  the  other  party  duriM  the 
lime  amigncd  to  the  kner.  the  caae  will  be 
coneidered  ckmd,  und  upon  motion  diily  made 
at  the  aspiration  of  the  tfane  attignied  to  tuch 
partiea,  n^ectivelv,  miy  bt  eet  far  JMUitag  at 
any  tii«e  Mt  l«ie  than  tea  4»y*  tWnuMr. 


any 

Sg. 

taken 


ef  IntertemMM^peen  may  be 


the  eiaminert4n  chief  and  to' the 
',  fai  the  mnmer  provided  in  Rule 


na 


iHrtlfn  •#  lav 
farterfatenee 


r.  When  minterfennee  it  declared,  notice 
he  jrivmi  to  both  paitiea  or  to  their  altor- 
neya.  When  cm  ef  the  nortiw  haa  received 
a  petont.  dapUeato  p«iiicea  wiU  be  aeal  to  the 
patentwndtobbaitanwvnficeQid.  Wten 
Sm  of  dw  pnitiM  leridea  ahitwd  and  bit  no 
kwnnii«Mrt  in  the  Ui^  Stalea.  fai  addition 
to  the  nc'lce  aent  by  mail  notice  an^  be  #ven 
fay  nabHaMtea  ia  «  aewweper  of  geMinl  Arcu^ 
hStioaia  dw  city  of  Waidbinitaa  unae  ta  a  wetk 
far  Ibeai  aaenativa  weeha. 


gy.  In  catca  or  mterierenoe  the  p«ty  who 
fint  filed  a»  madi  af  hie  ^vtMioM  for  n  pat- 
ent ne  it  inquired  by  Kule  y.  «iM  be  deemid 
the  fiiflt  hivcator  in  OM  nhaenoc  of  an  peoaf  to 
theeoMrary.  A  tiaw  mill  be  aarigaed  ia  wWch 
the  atber  prty  aball  compMe  hii  dfaaet  taiti- 
mony;  end  a  farther  tima  In  which  the  nd- 
veree  party  ebaH  oompMe  tbi  laitiiHMy  ««  W< 
tide}  W  a  forthet  time  ia  erhidi  the  party 
who  fint  took  tattiBMiqr  laaf  taka  itbaMtag 


ifMwr 

irnom  r 


irliom  rastt  i)m  burdan  d 
ralimiiwrjr  itaUaMnt,  or  if 
owoaiM  \k.tprimm  fitti* 
iptcUvM  d«(M  of  •ppllc*- 
Mt  k*  hu  abMidoiwd  hii 
luM  b««i  in  publto  mm 
IwfaM  kit  applicaciM,  th« 
•ntilltd  tP  M  IminvdUle 
»M  upon  th*  record  |  un- 
crtalad  that  tik  right  to  » 
the  allegitd  public  ttta  of 
•Icli  caM  tb«  iaitrfarmioa 
ith. 
icut  tUla  to  fiU  %  prellmi- 

MlMOay  Wilt  RttlMMUMItly 

m  going  to  prove  that  m 
u  •  date  prior  to  kia  appli- 
inary  iUtMnmH  oua  in  no 
met  in  bekatfef  the  party 
ia  te  determine  whether 
U  be  proceeded  with,  and 
r  cnwa-eMnlaalion  for  the 

qalrw  a  podponeaent  o( 
he  preliminary  ttatcmenu, 
eaiona  therefor,  ia  the  form 
to  the  diqr  pnvtooalr  &ud 

ff|9(MPite«aMM. 

ttimony  ia  taken  bf  the  ap< 
reMa  the  harden  of  proof, 
ha*  been  taken  bv  Mch  ap- 
the  other  party  wAim  the 
he  htuer.  the  «m«  wiu  be 
tki  apoa  aMstioa  dtily  iMde 
the  ihM  awigiMMl  to  »ach 
,  may  be  aet  for  haariag  at 
aa  tea  (tay*  dwnamr. 

nierferenoo  aopeaia  imy  he 
ilacfa4B  eWef  and  «e  the 
e  aaaiMr  pravUed  fai  Role 


PATENTS. 


Sl» 


itienNMa  ia  dedarcd,  notice 
tknartiea  or  ta  their  attor- 
rf  UM  partiM  haa  raaeiead 
fMiicea  win  be  MM  to  the 
aUoraajrafMConl.  Vttere 
leaidei  afaitiad  a»4  iMb  bo 
I  UflMd  fitalea,  ia  ai^dilion 
If  nail  aoUca  anqr  ba  |^vea 
aeWKwpar  of  gewNal  «re»^ 
Wadingtoa 


laa 

weeka.' 

MerlmiiMtbe  pwt^  who 
af  hia  appUcMioN  for  a  pal- 
|»Kala7.«illbadca«cd 
the  afaeaocc  of  all  peoaf  to 
■i  adll  b*  aiiiBM^  ia  wWch 
ill  cenplale  \Sk  dfaael  loHi- 
bertfaao  in  whieb  the  ad- 
MBpleta  t)at  taMiaOKr  M  W« 
It  thaa  im  wMcb  the  p»ity 
tiaMiqr  wagr  tab!  NMIbig 


ttitiaMay,  bat  shall  take  no  other.  If  there 
■re  more  than  two  paitiee,  the  timea  for  takin<r 
tfttiaMunr  wiU  he  lo  arraiued  that  each  aball 
have  a  like  opportnnttv  ia  fcl#tam,  each  being 
held  to  go  forward  ana  prove  hia  caM  against 
ihoM  wIk>  filed  their  application  before  him, 
Paatpawlwy  TmI«v  TaoUaMMiy. 

$1.  It  It  becomes  neceaaarjr  for  cither  party 
t«  have  the  Ihae  for  lakiag  Die  testimony,  or 
for  the  hearing,  poatpoaed,  he  mnst  make  ap- 
plication for  sachpoalponemeal,  and  mnst  shinr 
luffiiilent  reaaoo  far  te  by  aflMavlt  aa  provided 
in  Kale  iij,  Med  before  the  time  previoiuly 
appoimed  MS  elapsed,  If  precticahfo,  aad  must 
sIm  furaiab  his  ooponent  with  copies  of  his 
sflidavita  aad  with  reasonable  notice  of  the 
time  of  bearing  his  aiotion. 

rMvo«al|IM>  tf,  vmH  MaoolvlM 
IjHoriairasiaaai 

59.  An  iaterfercnca  will  not  be  declared 
until  the  subject-nnatter  involved  is  decided  lo 
be  palenlablc.  If  after  being  declared  It  ia 
foand  lh«t  no  laltrforenca  in  iact  ecists,  or  that 
there  hat  h^en  such  inregalarity  la  declaring 
the  tamt  aa  iriU  precladt  |h<D  DToper  determr 
nation  of  the  4|aestioB  oif  rignt  between  tfie 
parties,  UwiUktdititMk  mdw  ^tfimilMjf 

Ciaiiatltpa  oT  Mvlte. 

If,  datiag  the  coatmaanca  of  aa  iaterftreaee, 
it  shall  meat  that  aeithtr  party  it  coiilicd  to 
a  patmtt  ay  leasoa  o|  ahaadonnient,  Dublie  ase, 
or  any  other  ttatuiory  bar,  the  ewminer  «f  in- 
tcrfertncea,  or  tMunineta-ia-chief,  at  the  caae 
may  be,  will  ^Mm\  the  ttteniioa  of  the  com- 
miisloaer  to  thf  foctt,  either  by  a  report,  if 
before  the  hta^tag,  or  in  tbo  decision  of  the 
qoestiflii  of  priority.  If  Iba  fastarierenee  comes 
to  a  rcgalar  hearing,  Tha  ogmmttsioner,  if  ia 
Us  jndgment  it  it  necttsaiy,  wili  then  tatpand 
the  IntarfMwaea  and  rctMiniil  the  casct  to  (he 
principal  cxamijMv  far  th«  4«Mfi|MMa«  of  any 
of  these  qaestiont. 

If  iaiment  ba  heaad  npon  a  aoncemion  of 
priortty  hf  either  of  Ae  parties,  sacb  conces- 
sion aMU  be  ia  wviting,  aad  aader  the  signs- 
tart  of  ^  inventor  b£eaif  t  aad  if  there  haa 
beea  na  amigamtnt,  Iba  atsigata  mast  joia  in 

Aj 


•0.  IVo  "piiindylnji|p'  ^  tba'|i|if^dPtfon»  vDl 
he  laowMl  4i»iiii  the  nndtii^  of  m  inter- 

iccoMi  mneraRORoa  wui  aoi  aa  aeciaica  ppo^ 

17  eitlicr  pMf  dafWfihf  IWWW  W  W  IP- 
terfawB*-  kt  frnmrnm,  Mr  •  nbtoring 
be  gr«iM,  HlflMt  a  bi  tikfim  M  'l^  VtfW*!- 
tion  of  m  ci7t«ailpion«r  Oa  pmm)  UHH  Iba 

not  b«vf  ff^imm  i«  t«iMi  fiir  ibt  brnfing.  or 
nniftn  qdM*  wmUmmmm  ba  ikiemn,  mMi- 
ndon  to  m  awpmimiqimr. 


•t.  fl^MI 


fat  a^adged  to 


interfere  with  a  part  only  of  another  pending 
application,  tha  interCsring  parties  will  be  |>cr-  - 
milted  to  see  or  oiMain  copies  of  so  much  only 
of  the  specifications  as  refers  to  the  inter- 
fering  claims.  And  either  party  may,  if  he  *o 
elect,  wiihilraw  from  his  application  the  claim* 
adjudged  not  lo  interferr,  and  file  a  new  appli- 
cation therefor :  ProvUttI,  That  the  claims  so 
withdrawn  cover  inventiona  which  do  not  in- 
volve the  devices  in  interference ;  And  frt- 
vidtd  »U0,  That  the  devices  in  interference  are 
eliminated  from  the  new  application.  In  such 
case  the  latter  will  be  examined  without  refer- 
ence to  the  interference  from  which  it  was 
withdrawn. 

WKUmVVM. 
Wko  Majr  Ajppljr  for  Iteloaao. 

Sa.  A  reissue  is  granted  to  the  original 
patentee,  his  legal  representatives,  or  the  ss- 
signecs  of  the  entire  interest,  when,  by  reason 
oTa  defective  or  insufficient  specification,  or  by 
reason  of  the  patentee  claiming  as  his  invention 
or  discovery  more  than  he  had  a  right  (o  claim 
at  new,  the  original  patent  is  inoperative  or 
invalid,  provided  the  error  has  arisen  from 
inadvertence,  accident,  or  mistake,  and  with- 
Q«t  any  fraudulent  or  deceptive  intention.  In 
the  caact  of  patenu  issued  and  amigned  prior 
to  July  8, 1870,  the  application  for  reiuue  may 
ba  madf  by  tha  assignee ;  but,  in  the  co-ie  of 
pnlenu  isttied  or  assigned  since  that  date,  the 
application  must  be  made  and  the  specification 
twom  to  bythe  inventor,  if  he  be  living. 
WkM  miiat  AoMsssiNSsijr  rotltlati. 

gg.  The  petition  for  a  reissue  roust  be  ac- 
companied with  a  certified  copy  of  the  abstract 
of  liUe,  giving  the  names  of  all  assignees  own- 
ing any  andivided  interest  in  the  patent ;  and 
in  caae  the  applioarion  it  made  by  the  inventor, 
h  must  h*  accompanied  with  the  written  assent 
of  such  astignaea.  In  applicationa  for  reissue, 
aader  acveral  diflierent  divisions,  a  petition, 
oathf  drawing  and  specification  mast  accom- 
pady  each  divbion. 

inMt  AasfMasomta  Anoared. 

•4.  The  geaeral  rulo  is,  that  whatever  is 
really  einhraoed  in  the  original  invention,  and 
so  described  or  shown  that  it  might  have  been 
eintiraccd  ia  the  original  patent,  may  Im  the 
sttbitct  of  a  reisane}  hut  no  new  matter  shall 
he  Introdnced  into  the  specification,  nor  shall 
tlic  modtl  or  drawing  be  amended  except  each 
by  the  o|her;  but,  when  there  is  neither  model 
nor  drawfaig^  amendm^ta  mav  be  made  upon 
proof  aalisn^qiy  to  the  commissioner  that  such 
new  matter  or  amendment  was  a  part  of  the 
origimi  Invention,  and  wat  omitted  from  the 
spoq^nlion  by  inadvertence,  accident,  or  mis- 
ttfce,  at  aforfsaid. 


e^ 


10  yhfasyilffsoa  Us  lB*a«alMM4sis. 
xeitstted  pawnu  expire  at  Oie  end  of 


the  term  for  which  the  original  patenu  were 
|raated.    I'hr  this  reason  amdicattons  for  reis- 
9!»  will  taka  precedence,  in  examination,  of 
t4lginal  appliei«ont^ 
^    /^iMvlolMafViitatita. 

00.  A  patantae  ia  reissnfog  may,  at  his  op- 
tioa,  brnro  a  taparate  patent  for  each  distlact 


■^^SggngjQg 


PATEHTS. 


«n4  MfMrat*  put  of  Dm  IfiTtnlkm 
kMMkd  i"  >>>•  oriiind  fMrtant.  by  |wyin|  Um 
rc^vlrad  dM  in  •■ck  caM,  mmI  emnplying  with 
th«  otbar  i«qntr«mmi«  of  tht  taw,  m  in  ori|i- 
nal  iq)pllGiUiMM.  EmH  <ii«(»iwi  of  n  nImm 
coMlilviM  lh«  MibJMl  of  •  ttpwata  •ptcjBc*. 
lion  dtMriptivt  (/  lh«  pMt  or  pMts  of  tho 
invantion  claimed  in  luch  divitlont  and  tk« 
drawinf  may  reprananl  owly  •■«•»  I»«*  «  p*rt»- 
All  tha  dIvMon*  of  a  ralwrna  will  liana  hmuI- 
tanaottnly.  If  thtrt  ba  contrwrtiajr  aa  lo  ona, 
tha  olhara  will  ba  wHbhatd  tnm  Iwm  «n(U  tha 
aontrevany  ia  andad. 
09UitmiaCtm»m  «•  »•  ■■•a»l»n«  Aii«w. 

•t.  In  all  canaa  of  applicationa  for  raiMuaa. 
tha  original  claim,  if  raprodncad  in  iha  anandad 
apacifiealion,  ia  ■■bject  to  ra-aaaminatlen,  and 
nay  ba  raviMd  and  rartriciad  in  lha  lama 
mannar  al  in  original  applicaiiont.  Thau>- 
^cation  for  a  raia«ua  mmt  ba  acconpaniod  by 
a  Mmnder  of  lha  original  paianJ,  or,  If  loat. 
than  by  an  aftdavit  lo  that  aflact  and  a  eattlAad 
copy  of  tha  catcQti  but  if  any  ralaaaa  ba  t«- 
fuMd,  lha  ortoinal  patent  wUI.  upon  raqvaat,  ba 
ratunad  to  tha  applicant. 

wtmctJLtWMmM. 

6t.  WhenawT,  1^  lnadvtrt«nea,  aecldant,  or 
miaiaka,  tha  claim  of  inranlion  in  any  patent  ia 
too  broad,  aaabradng  morr  than  that  of  which 
tha  patanlaa  was  tha  original  or  fint  inTmtor, 
■ona  material  or  aafaalMitial  part  of  the  thing 
paiented  being  traly  and  JwiUy  hU  own,  tha 
HUentec,  hia  bain  or  aiaigna,  whether  of  a 
whole  or  of,  a  sectioma  tnietert,  my,  upon 
payment  of  the  dnty  niqnited  bv  law,  make 
Skclaimer  of  lodi  pane  of  the  thing  patented 
ae  the  ditfleliwfi^  iball  not  chooae  to  claim 
or  to  hold  by  virtue  of  the  patent  or  aiaign- 
ment,  itiaiM|  Oerein  the  extent  of  hie  intoiaat 
ia  each  patent}  which  diaclaiaMr  ihall  be  In 
wriUng,  auealed  by  one  or  mora  wMneaaeij 
ahaU  be  recorded  in  the  peieat  oAoe.  and  ahall 
thereafter  be  coMiderod  at  part  of  the  orii^nal 
weciicadoR,  to  Ae  esttel  of  Ike  iatormt  poa- 
wmti  by  the  daimaat  and  by  Ihoae  ctaimiBg 
mder  him  altorUMfacMdOMraoC 

«7%lSlf^r?£  eoHSSSS^  to 
mteod  any  patoat  gnmtod  prior  to  Umk*, 
lS6i,  for  ocvmi  ytnt  A«a  dw  wqplnlkm  of  the 
oririaal  temt  bM  m  ptfeirt  anmiad  rinea 
MarA  a,  1161.  eaa  be  extoiklad.  Vlkm  » 
— "^htobeearelmned  la  tiro  or  more  divi- 

"    Ibr 


eale  signed  befara  the  palefit  evpireai  other- 
wire,  tstanttoa  will  be  denied. 

IHM*^  WkWl  to  ■•ei«iv«« 


^ft.  Any  perwm  who  iniends  to  oppose  an 
applicsllon  lor  extension  must  give  notice  of 
such  iniention  to  the  applicant  or  his  auomcy 
of  record  wMbin  the  time  hereafter  named,  and 
furnish  him  with  a  staiemeni  of  his  reasons  of 
opposition.  After  this  he  will  be  regsrded  ss 
a  party  in  the  omc.  and  wHI  be  enlilled  to 
notice  of  the  time  and  place  of  taking  testi- 
mony, to  a  list  of  the  nsmes  snd  residences  of 
the  wkaeaaea  whose  testimony  ouiy  have  been 
taken  prevkms  to  his  service  of  tMMice  of  oppo- 
sition, and  to  a  copy  of  the  application  Md  of 
any  other  pepers  on  Ale,  upon  paying  th*  «ost 
of  copying.  He  must  also  immedtalely  ftle  s 
copy  of  snch  notice  and  reaMms  of  OMOsilion, 
with  pivof  of  service  of  the  same,  in  the  patent 
offce.    (See  sec.  75.) 

If  the  eatension  ta  opposed  on  the  groond 
of  lack  of  novelty  in  the  invention,  the  reasons 
of  oppoeitioa  ihoold  contain  a  spscillc  state- 
ment of  aay  and  all  mauer  relied  npoa  for  this 


aton,  separM  eppUcttiaM  matt  ha 

the  eJrtensloB  of  eedi  dlvWoa.  _^ 

y?^li«  appi^antfer aa exieaikm taSna 
hia  petUioa  and  pay  la  tht  tetfiMto  Ae  act 
aHN«  thaa  ill  mealht  aor  lem  Ihaa  aiaoly 
days  prior  to  the  eapirattoa  of  his  Meat. 

No  orrtMkate  of  eitcaakm  iHO  be  rigaed 
after  the  explMioa  of  the  poieal.  Fhrtkp  art 
dMiionad  to  mafca  timirappttattioa  far  extea. 
itoa  in  lima  to  allow  tha  tmlimoBnr  tobe  lakoa. 
dm  kMUtag  tobe  bad,  aad  dedstea  awda.^ 
OMlke  Cad  ft*  aHqrbapddaad  iht  «artli- 


'W|M«  la  ■e<1ee<i  af  ra«ltl«pw>. 

va.  The  epplicant  for  an  exieasion  mast  fur- 
nish to  lha  dice  a  statement  ia  writing,  andcr 
oath,  of  the  aaoMtalned  valae  of  the  invention, 
and  of  hk  reoeipta  and  capenditarM  on  aceouri 
thenof.  both  in  iMs  and  fereign  coantriet. 
Thh  atatemoat  mast  be  made  partieular  and  in 
detail,  aniem  saflkient  reasoa  is  set  forth  why 
sadi  a  atatemoat  canaot  be  finmkkcd.  It  must 
te  a^TAMM  ha  fled  with  the  pelitioa.  Noes- 
ceptloaa  wUI  he  made  to  this  rale. 

Sack  stateflMBt  mast  abo  be  aeeeaipanied 
with  a  tfrtifitdrntHraet^HOfmid  a  dectara- 
Uon,  aader  oeth.  aetting  iordi  the  teteat  of  ap- 
pUcani'a  iaieraat  ia  the  eiteaeion  soaght. 


73.  Tfce  qassrione  which  arise  oa  eadi  ap- 
plicattooforanextcastonarei 

I.  Was  the  tavaalioa  mw  aad  mtt/U  when 
naleated? 

a.Uk  vttmtUi  aad  kK^trtaiUUtkeJmiMt, 
aad  to  what  extent? 

^  v.ilai  dm  iavaator  keen  mnrnM^  rvMor- 
mnltd  fcr  the  tlaie.iln«Balty,  aad  eipaaae 
bwtowad  apoa  it.  and  Om  iatrodadkm  of  it 
into  aae7  if  aot,  haa  hia  fisilara  to  b4  ao  re- 
maaemled  ariiaa  ftom  aeg^  or  faah  onUs 
part? 

4.  What  win  be  Ike  efkt  of  Ike  proposed 
tsteasioawoalfco  public  iBlmcits? 

No  proof  will  ba  itqaired  ftom  tl^  appH- 
caal  noil  Ik*  Am  (pMrtioa  wdam  tke  lavaadoa 
le  amaUtd  «poA  thoaa  points  by  oppoaenta. 

To  eaafak  tko  commiiBkmwr  to  ooaw  to  a 
eomct  eoadaMM  la  rsfard  to  dw  second  poiDt 
of  iaaidty.  tko  appUemit  mast.  If  pamiMe.  mo- 
eara  tito  taa(teMasr  of  pmioae  drthNwHUd 

the  iawirtloimrWek  ImttaioBy  efcoaM  »•  **f? 

MT^W^  jMfMMS  «lr  4^^  A«A«  «eMrr«/4r 


tiM  mlMt  nfirmi  otlMr- 
batiMiad. 


who  inicnda  to  oppoM  m 
eiwlon  mnM  glv«  notice  of 
M  applicant  or  his  atUtrnex 
I  lima  haraaAar  Mfl»ad,  and 
■lawmanl  of  his  waaowa  of 
Ihit  ha  will  ba  itgardad  *• 
t,  *nd  wHl  ba  aniitlad  to 
and  placa  of  Uhin|  taaii- 
lia  namea  and  raaiilancat  of 
w  taMinonjr  OMy  hava  batn 
ia  tanriea  of  noiica  of  oppo- 
ijr  af  tha  application  mhI  of 
n  ftk,  upon  paying  tM  coit 
nwt  aho  immadialaly  Ma  a 
t  and  raaMM  of  oftpoaition, 
M  of  tha  aana,  in  tha  patent 

5;) 
It  oppoaad  on  tha  groand 

In  tha  invanlion,  tha  raaaon* 

Id  contain  a  apacidc  aula- 

U  mauar  railed  apoa  for  this 

M  for  an  axicnuon  nwat  far- 
tlataiMnt  in  writing,  nndcr 
lined  valoe  of  the  Invention, 
and  axpandhnret  on  aceonct 
hib  and  forcim  eonntrie*. 
•I  ba  nadc  paiScalar  and  in 
riant  raaaon  b  ict  forth  why 
uttot  be  fbrntehcd.  It  matt 
I  with  the  petition.  No  ex- 
■de  to  thia  rale. 
mat  alao  be  accwnpanled 
tratt  ^  Htk  mtd  <k  daclara- 
Ming  iottli  the  tetent  of  ap- 
I  the  cxtowien  loaght. 


ma  whidi  ariae  on  each  Vf- 

leaaionaint 

aMion  WW  and  tu*fiil  when 

I?  ■        

nitcv  been  natniMlif  nwtH' 

,  and&e  IntradMkn  of  it 
haahia  iiraiw*  to  b4  ao  re- 
froai  aci^  or  fwilt  on  Ui 

a  the  eibct  of  tiM  prapoMd 
IpubtkiatMciti? 
He  ttqnired  liroaii  tl|t  appH- 
{|lM(yon  nnleai  the  invramn 
loae  pttinta  by  opponenia. 
UMiiMilailciwif  to  come  to  a 
in  ragaid  to  0M  teoond  fwint 
plictM  anat*  if  poirifale,  (i«- 
Sr«f  pmow  dWnleraaled  b 
A^mmmfAoM  b*  takan 
li  Miwaii^  anMf  iMMyitliA 
Ike  ^ft€i(U  dMkm  ttmtitf 


PATENTS. 


Ill 


{kin*  i'm  wkuk  tkst*  dfuita  mmy  b*  imt^rft- 
rttd. 

In  regard  to  thf  third  point  of  inqnfry,  in 
■ddition  to  bis  own  oath,  thovftng  hit  recclptit, 
ind  expcr.ditarea  on  account  of  inc  invention, 
th«  (ppllcant  muit  thow,  by  tcMimony  under 
oath,  iliat  he  baa  talien  all  rcato'iabte  mewure* 
In  introdaca  hii  invention  into  general  uta; 
tnd  that,  without  neglect  or  fanit  on  hi«  part, 
ht  hat  failed  to  obtain  from  tha  mm  and  ula 
of  the  invention  a  raaaonabla  remuneration  for 
the  time.  Ingenuity,  and  aipenae  beelowed  on 
the  name,  and  the  Introduction  of  It  into  um. 
TnkiaC  fanUnaewjr  mmA  Cllvlmv  Wotlae. 

74.  In  caae  of  oppoaiiion  to  the  extention 
of  a  (latent  by  any  paraon,  both  partie*  may 
i«lie  tcMinrany.  each  giving  raatonable  notice 
to  the  other  of  the  time  and  place  of  taking 
Mid  icatimciiy,  which  ahall  ba  taken  according 
to  the  niiaa  Mrelnafter  prcacrlbed. 

■iiealtngin,  Tkolv  •■tien  nad 

79.  Any  penwn  desiring  to  oppoaa  an  exten- 
tion mtiat  aerve  hia  notice  of  oppcnltlon,  and 
file  his  reaiona  therefor,  at  least  ten  days  before 
the  day  fixed  fur  the  cloaing  of  testimony  t  but 
pai!ic«  who  have  not  entered  fennal  opposition 
in  tune  to  pat  In  testimony  may,  at  the  discre- 
tion of  the  commiaaioncr,  be  permitted  to  1.  v 
pear  on  the  day  of  hearing,  and  make  argu- 
ment upon  the  record  in  opposition  to  the  grant 
of  tha  extension.  But  In  such  caae  good  cause 
for  the  neglect  to  make  formal  oppcaition  must 
be  shown. 

TIano  of  TaMimm  fanilnanwy. 

76.  In  contested  owaa  no  testimony  will  he 
received,  unlcae  by  consent,  which  baa  been 
uken  within  thirty  daya  next  after  the  filing  of 
the  petition  tbr  the  extciwian. 

■ervloo  or  »nWoe  t*  Tinlio  TeaMMMsy. 

77.  Service  of  notice  to  take  teatlmony  may 
be  BMde  npon  applicant,  inon  the  oppottent. 
*pon  the  attorney  of  racora  of  either,  or,  if 
then  be  im  attorney  of  ttcorl,  ttpon  any  at- 
torney or  agent  who  takaa  part  in  the  aervice 
of  Botlee,  or  in  the  examination  of  Ae  wit- 
Bctscs  of  either  natty.  Where  notice  to  take 
tettimooy  haa  alieady  been  given  to  an  op. 
ponent,  and  n  new  opponent  aabaegnantly  gives 
notice  of  hie  iMantioa  to  opnoae^  the  examina- 
tion need  net  bp  pnetponed,  W  notice  thereof 
majr  be  given  to  anch  tahaemcnl  oppotwnt  by 
mail  or  by  telcgn^ih.  Thu  nde,  however, 
docs  net  anply  to  «y/crAr  nxaalnations,  or 
thoae  of  which  noaetice  liat  been  given  when 
notice  of  onpoaltioa  ia^atrved. 
Tnklieir 


7B.  In  the  natiee  of  the  uplication  ftxr  an 
extention  •  day  wiB  be  Imd  ftiir  the  elotlnf  of 
testimony,  «id  dta  dmr  of  hearing  will  alto  be 
named.  Affillcali«nfernBiiatpone»entof  the 
dsy  of  hearbH^  or  fcr  fuoier  tine  far  takliw 
teitimony,  mat  bt  nwte  and  anpported  acMtd- 
ingtotLeaattetnlMaaaM  tote  cibaervedtn 
other  eoMeaied  enaeat  hitt  dkqr  wfll  not  be 
gnmted  to  each  a  ot^Mcr  aa  (0  txaac  ti  ridt  trf 

M 


preventing  a  daeitlon  prJAr  to  the  expiration 
of  the  potent.  Immediately  upon  the  closing 
of  the  testimony  the  spplicalion  will  be  referred 
to  the  examiner  In  charge  of  the  class  to  which 
the  Inveniinn  belongs  lor  the  report  required 
by  law  t  and  tsid  report  shall  Im  made  not  lets 
than  five  days  before  tha  day  of  hearing.  As 
this  rrport  is  intended  for  the  information  of 
the  commissioner,  neither  the  parties  nor  their 
attorneys  will  be  permitted  to  make  oral  argu- 
ments before  the  examiner.  In  contested  canes 
briefii  are  deemed  desirable,  and  these  should 
always  be  filed  at  least  live  days  before  the  day 
of  heanng. 

VKKHMUL 
I>«>alvna,  What  ore  ratontahle. 

79.  A  patent  fur  a  design  may  be  granted  to 
any  person,  whether  cititen  or  alien,  who,  by 
his  own  industry,  genius,  efforts,  and  ex|>ense, 
has  invented  or  pro<luced  any  new  and  original 
design  for  a  manufacture,  bust,  statue,  alto-re- 
lievo, or  bas-relief;  any  new  and  original  de 
si)(n  for  the  printing  of  woollen,  silk,  cotton,  or 
other  ftbricst  any  new  and  original  impres- 
sion, ornament,  pattern,  print,  or  picture,  to  be 
printed,  painted,  cast,  or  otherwise  placed  on 
or  worked  into  any  articles  of  mannfactvraj  or 
any  new,  useful,  and  original  shape  or  confign- 
rotion  of  any  article  of  manufacture,  the  tame 
not  bavins  been  known  or  iiaed  by  othert  be- 
fore hit  uivention  or  production  thereof,  or 
patented  or  dcicribed  In  any  printed  publica- 
tion, upon  payment  of  the  duty  required  by 
law,  and  other  due  proceedinga  bad  the  tame 
aa  in  cases  of  inventions  or  discoveries. 
■4»w  Biotig  llto  Vntomto  liineo. 

to.  Patentt  for  designs  are  granted  for  the 
terra  of  three  and  one>hair  years,  or  for  teven 
yeara,  or  for  fourteen  years,  aa  die  applicant 
may,  in  his  application,  elect. 

yinweeiilnmt  la  AnplfentfoBm, 

81.  The  proceedinga  In  applications  for  pat- 
ents for  tlemgna  are  tubatantially  the  tame  aa 
for  other  patentt.  The  ipeclfication  mnat  dia- 
tlnctlv  pdnt  out  the  characterittic  featurea  of 
the  oeaign,  and  carefully  dittinguith  between 
what  ia  old  and  what  it  held  to  be  new.  The 
daima  alto  ahould  be  as  distinct  and  specific  aa 
in  the  caae  of  patenta  for  inventiont  or  diteot^ 
eriet. 

■•4oln,  Wkom  m««  ■c^aiiwl. 

tt.  When  the  design  can  be  aufiiciehtlyrep- 
ratented  by  drawinga  or  photographs  a  model 
will  not  be  required. 

IHiBnaffaMaNHk  mvm  Viwimim*. 

03.  Whenever  a  phot«mph  or  an  engraving 
ia  employed  to  ilhittrate  the  deaign,  it  mtut  be 
monnled  upon  a  thick  Briatol-board  or  draw- 
ing'^paper,  ten  by  fifteen  inebea  in  tixe:  and 
tha  appieant  will  be  rcqnired  to  fumiM  ten 
extra  coplea  of  luoh  photograph  or  engraving 
(not  movnied),  of  a  aize  not  exceeding  teven 
and  n  half  IndMa  by  eleven.  Negativea  will 
ho  longer  be  required. 

Whenever  the  deaign  ia  represented  by  a 
drawiiMt,  each  of  Ae  ten  coplea  matt  be  made 
to  conlnm  as  yearly  a*  poaaible  to  the  mica  laid 
down  for  drawingt  of  mechanical  inv 


"?T 


HMAKUb^a?^'"'^ 


rXTENTS. 


At  nnrfkaal  m  Kb  ■miI»«Hi«4  i 

l«,  AH  »MI»K««l««»fe»  if«il»lnill«Mi  «•  comMmwI  li 
IM  Am  luMMiM  by  Ik*  xn&muV  caamiiHr  An  »rf 
mnw  Ah.j«m>«  by  uKh  •aaiMMf  upon  ih*  apuHc^ni'i 
-rllkl  le  r«(M«r»iiiMi  wlU  W  r«*w»«l  by  «b*  Casimn 

II.  N*  ira4«-aii>rh  m\\\  h*  MftiMrwl  uiil«*  h  iball  Im 
iImu  lb*  MHW  I*  in«a  ■•  »Kb  by  ih« 


■Mlkam  In  caaiMm  wMh  *»»«■«  ii«mmi«  «r  with 
IiMbM  ir(b«,«r  tk  vdMa  Ik*  ^twt^^mm  ol  »  liwiy. 
••«««Mlwi.  «f  dMiuallM  wUh  a  fcnifla  fnnt,  mm 
aMch  la  NMraty  iba  aaaM  aT  ikf  afiriicaM,  aaf  vhkk 
la  IdMnkal  «<W  a  liae«>«  ar  ivtMafarf  tnii  m»)k 
•wai4  by  aaothar  aM  aMrafHaiad  w  liia  taaia  cUm 
•f  awwIuaiMia.  ar  vhMb  *•  ata*)y  iwiiMm  mhm 
atbir  aan««'*  \»wM  wada-aiarh  m  u>  b*  Ukaiy  lo  mum 
aonANlan  la  ib«  puUk  ailad  —  itnaalva  aaufcataw 


aM  aapraprtaiad  w  liia  Man 
'  vhtcli  *•  ata*)y  iwiaiblM 
t4  wada-aiarh  m  u>  b*  Ukaiy  m 

,_blk  aitad  •!  *ieal»a  aawbatw 

la.  laaMaaftwalUcilasaMlMaiwaalarmlMraiMMi 
ar  ta  aay  lafMM  aa  la  Iha  r««M  la  aw  vbiA  iHy  •'» 
baiiaaaa  a«  afplltaal  mi  a  prlot  ngiainat.  ••  oRki 


dw(a«a  M  taMrbrMCa,  'In  ar^T  ilM  iVa  ^riM 

ly  ••  |«to««  ptkM.iy  af  MMfltsaor 

iwaiaMwaca  «il 

_  ffactiaa  In  Inwt- 

^^^•"^ '*^*^-^  jyn:  Jy  AX 

MaaMllaaiiaa     On 

dlwainAad  arflli  ;ha  dccmoa 

■avl«w«l 


way  ba¥a  ii^aaWnaHy  f  pram  prkH  lyaf 
fWUi   aad  UM  praCMdina*  m  MMk  iittarl 
Mlov,  M  BaaHy  aa  pracikaWa,  ika  ffactk 
fctaaoM  apaii  apvltcaitaaa  l>r  jpaiaMa .  b«l 
aaal  airf  VSamSi  wUI  ba  baMio  iHa  4tm 
alhiad  ta riMMaKawai  AM  whk  MaaMllM 
iIn  iwilitaai  af  any  aarty  dhaainAad  arfth  ib 
aflhaaaaatwrafmMHbfWHaalhaaaaaaKUbi 
kw  Ika  CaaiiiiMiiMM  arMtam  Mr. . 
l»  WhMi  ibaH  wqalriaiiaw  bava  kaaa 


IS.  WhMi  Ika 
jrtw,  a«4  iba  al 
MIy  mhiiiikh. 


and  Ika  aia*  kat  a4|M<k|><  iba  iraAfaMik  Urn 
n^mnMa,  a  CMnMcaia  will  ba  jaawd  ky  ika  Com 


•aalafikalMactar 

aai  kat  taiiliiKwiik  ii 


ka  b  aMMal  M  Ika  ^aiacltan  af  kit  Iradt-aurti  la  tack 


,  laih« 


r>vMi«  Aiiadtad  lo  MacanitctM 
af  Iba  iradt  aiaik  awi  a  yriattd  copy 
ariktMaWMaiaaddatkiailaa,     .... 

14.  Tiw  DtaMCtiaa  Ibr  tuck  MMb-awrh  vin  rtnat* 
in  ftrca  Itr  Jlirty  y«an.  aa4  May.  apaa  ikt  fayaiaai  rf 
a  itcaad  Im,  ha  lantarad  far  iMrty  yaan  laaMr.  tacttii 
laeatatwbaiaMKk  irMla-BMfb  it  ckilaMd  tor  tad  t> 
alitd  toaHldat  nal  aiaaufcciurad  in  ihit  caanlry.  t«4 
la  *kick  k  rtaalina  praiaciloa  m»n  ika  U«*  of  aa* 
lbfa%a  cawNty  fcr  a  tkatwr  pariorf.  la  wbkb  <«•  h 
wtiMMa M bava fwca  la  ibit  cotMiry . bv  vlttaa  al ib* 
lanairBiiaa.  ai  ikataaw  llnM  (kai  iha  irtdaaiaHi  nattt 
MbaaadaaiaapraMtiyalttwkara.  ... 

t$.  TharlgkiM  Ika  Ma  afaaywada-BMrb  la  attifa' 
•Mt  by  aa  iMniMaM  la  wrMlag.  aad  tuck  attignaicM 


.  Iiadt-«>arii  aniii  ba  ncar^^ln  ih* 
wMMa  tiny  dtyt  afkar  lit  aaaeiNloa, » 


lattignaii 
(r^oTIn 


•"^^'•-^'•tlrxa'.St'id.* 


•la  mtii*'"* 

MMiartrkU 

Sar!«^lkMiialka.nJ<V^  0*  Mtjjaaitai 

ar  lawtyaani  la  pnatftbad.  hai  ifca  iradt- nail  awn 
ba  MwMaiiky  MM  caMMkMt  ma>^ 
tt.  OmmmoT MMla^aMrfct fa  •kick  prataclia^a 

n  iSpSLt  Cm  ;rSa  OiMad  nuM»hm9  •«#^ 

a,7*,»:T#r.eg2g5§S 

alM,  an  «MMd  jo^^f* 
y  wMk  Ika  bw  atMlfmiolaf 


0«  ika  raeripi  al 

la  Aa  data  afiba  aaafcw 


«aiMi«a*ba 


•f.  The  takini  o«t  of  a  patcat  In  a  fctcip 
oomtfy  dwa  not  pnMliea  a  patant  pnvimiilr 
ohiaiMd  kafai  Mr  d^  U  pnvcat  (MatelMt  • 
Ipanat  lMf9  p^aantl^,  ai^Ma  tb*  ipvfMtf 


■ 

I  tat  nftolraltoH  urn  comMCTmI  M 
U  lr»4«  wuh  •■•mtmr  An  td 
h  •lamlMf  upon  iIm  apuUc^ni'i 
•piU  bt  r«*i*««4  ky  ika  Caaimw- 
^llwa  wttttMM  tm 
«tU  b*  r«atM«rwl  ualM*  M  tllall  Im 
Ik*  HMW  I*  hmmI  M  ••kH  by  ih« 
n  vlih  IbfMgn  (UttoM  m  wiih 
rtiM*  lh«  ^Mvhimw  af  •  liwiy, 
PMlM  Willi  a  fcntia  pa««r,  not 
■MM  af  ika  ■wWcam.  mm  whicb 
kitewa  ar  NtiM«i«4  tfaA»>«iarli 
i4  aMnftttalwl  M  liM  MIM  cUn 

VMIi   M   IWMilf    UMlMll    M«U 

tfaJa  aiarii  4*  u>  b*  UMy  10  cauM 
<  aitml  ar  daicatva  ■■wbiinn 
kilag  aMlMa«M«alir  laglaltaiKia, 
a  Iha  tight  M  i»*  a>bictl  My  ariM 
and  •  Drlot  ragtonM.  Ma  eAta 
'-    In  onirr  ibal  IIM  partiM 


fM  ptav*  pvto'if  af  Mlafltan  Of 
aa«iii«*  ea  MMk  i*lailw«»c>  »il 
IMCitcaWa,  Um  pfMiiaa  In  tnMr. 
illaaa  (ar  paMMa ,  hM  aaW  apall- 
W  bt  b«M  10  itw  4aM  af  atiapiU 
nM  «M  wHk  M»  apfUaaUM  On 
•>t]r  dhaaiiatMl  vnh  iba  dKkioa 
uhnmem  dM  ana  wMI  ba  ia«l«««d 


w|iiltian«n  ba«a  baaa  campiwd 
bat  iilii^int  ika  waia-aMrk  Uw 
riMcMavnl  ka  laaaad  by  tba  Com 
af  iha  laiaHar  Oaaaiuaaai,  la  ' 
Mt  lawfhiil  wiib  UN  tow.  and  1 


laih« 

■n»nm»ini  w»~  >•••  wf-.wM  ikal 

iraMctlaa  af  hi*  inMltHBaA  la  tuck 
•Mid  AiiaalMd  10  iba  eanlkc*H 
r  iha  Irada  auwh  aad  a  priawd  copy 
dailaffailaa. 

■  Ibr  MMk  uradtHaarb  wM  rtawla 
in.  aad  atay.  apaa  ik«  paynaai  of 
wad  (tar  iMny  yaan  laagar,  a«c*|il 
MKla-aMfb  la  clalaMdl  hr  and  *?• 
■aaufcclurad  in  ihl*  caamry.  aad 
MOMClloa  aadar  iha  Uw*  of  an* 
a  ilianar  fMrtori,  la  wkkh  ck«  N 
ica  la  Ihia  caaniry,  by  vlttaa  of  ik« 
UM  ilaM  ihai  iha  irada-aiaib  caaMa 

ka  «aa  if  aay  liada^Mrb  la  aaaifa. 
N  la  WTMIag.  aad  wich  aaaknaMM 
la-«arii  atoal  be  ncanfnTin  ik« 
I  liiiy  daya  alkar  Ma  aaaeuilon,  M 
aiay  •■  «aM  *■  ■f''?^*"'  "'^** 


Navicular fcrai  ofaaala»»aa> 
mums,  tHM  rfM  imli-auwii  anal 


<a— Ha  fcr  wbkh  MvMciiaaka 
ItMriM  ihaia  la  iha  PaMMCMot 
y  1.  iSa  (dadifad  nnenaadlMiaaal 
M  ^Sa  OaHad  SMlaa).  laiv  Mgl*- 
wlihaMliN.aacaai- 
Ma.  Wtlk  aack 
laftrtt^  laika 
k  raauiiad. 

aadtr  llMatI 

W  •»  ahw*  dM  dacMaalaf  dM  Sa- 

ihabw  «adfc»n«!f 


ta=Bmm 


nmmwj 


PATENTS. 


Nf 


1 4Mt  of  •  ptttnt  bi  •  furein 

pnfiAk»  ft  patmt  pnviAMir 

Mr  doc*  it  pnvcat  obtsiBiiic* 

a^vtat^,  «al«»  t||t  ipvfMo* 


ihall  khirt  Nan  InirodMtd  Into  p«bli«  aaa  In 
tk«  Unkad  Suiaa  fur  mora  than  two  year* 
prior  10  Iba  uiuticiUion  i  bill  whan  a  patant  la 
tabaii  oat  In  (hh  couniry  for  an  invaniion  pra- 
vioualy  palanlad  abriNul,  iha  Amarlcan  palani 
will  aJiplra  al  ihe  tama  lima  with  Iha  furaian 
|Mi«nt,  or  If  thar«  ba  mora  than  ona,  at  iha 
•aina  lima  wilh  tha  ona  having  iha  aborlaal 
term  t  bat  In  no  caaa  tball  it  ba  In  (orca  mora 
than  aavantaan  yaan. 

fo.  Wban  applic'aiion  la  mada  for  a  palant 
for  an  invanlion  which  haa  baan  alraadjr 
paicniad  abroad,  Iha  Invanior  will  ba  raqalrad 
lu  maka  oath  thai,  according  to  Iha  baai  of  hi* 
knowladga  and  tialiaf,  Iha  aama  haa  not  baan 
In  pttbilc  ttM  In  tha  Unltad  Kiaica  for  mora  than 
two  yaan  prior  tolhaaDplicailon  in  ihia  cownlry. 

■MMMMit  ■a<Mr<<  •§  AMilCMi*. 

01.  An  applicant  whoa*  Invanlion  haa  baan 
Mtcniad  abroad  thould  itaia  Iha  fact  that  a 
lorcign  natant  haa  actually  baan  ofatainad,  giv- 
ing iu  oaia,  and  if  than  ba  mora  than  ona,  Iha 
dataof  aach. 

CATBA' 


tit.  An  dtiaan  of  tha  UnluJ  Stataa,  or 
alien  who  naa  raatdad  for  ona  yaar  laat  paat  In 
tha  Unltad  Stataa,  and  haa  mada  oath  of  bit 
inieniloti  to  bacoaaa  a  citiaan  tharaof,  can  Ala  a 
cavaat  in  thai  aocrat  atchivaa  of  iha  palant  oAca 
on  Iha  pnymant  of  a  fc«  of  Un  dollan  iharafor. 
And  if,  at  ay  lloM  within  ona  yaar  tbaraaftar, 
anoihar  panon  appliaa  for  n  palant  with  which 
rach  anvaat  wonM  in  any  mannar  Iniarfera, 
tach  aopiicatkM  will  ba  aoapandad,  and  notica 
UMraof  will  ba  aant  to  tha  paraon  filing  Ihk 
caveat,  who,  if  ha  shall  fila  a  oomplata  ^ppllca- 
Uon  within  tha  praa«rib«l  tima,  will  ba  aniitled 
to  an  intarfaraac*  with  tha  pravioua  am^ica- 
lion,  for  tha  pnrpoaa  of  proving  priority  of  in- 
vanlion, and  olitainii^  tha  palant,  if  ba  ba  ad- 
iadgad  tha  prior  invantor.  Tha  aavaator,  if 
DC  wonM  avail  biaMalf  of  hto  cavaat,  moit  fila 
hii  appUcMioa  witUa  thrat  aioatha  froos  tha 
day  oa  which  tha  notica  to  him  ia  dapoailad  in 
tha  poalHiAca  at  Waahington,  adding  tha  nqpi- 
lar  iIbm  for  tha  tnuMmuatoa  of  tha  aama  to 
him;  aad  tha  day  whan  tha  tima  for  filing 
cipiraa  will  ha  aiaatiaaad  in  tha  notica  or 
indonad  tharaoa. 


ce . 

93.  The  cavaator  will  not  be  cntitlad  to 
notica  of  any  application  pending  at  tha  time 
uf  filing  hia  cavaat,  aar.^  any  amillcaiioa  filed 
after  tha  axpiratioa  of  ona  yaar  from  Iha  date 
of  fillip  tha  eavaati  bat  ha  may  renew  hii 
caveat  at  tha  and  of  ona  year  by  paving  a 
Mcood  cavaat  fiM  of  tan  dollan,  wbkh  will 
contiaae  It  in  foica  for  ona  Tear  longer,  and 
«>  on  fKMi  year  to  year  aa  long  at  ha  nuty 
leaiic  If  a  oavtat  ia  not  rmawed  at  tha  end 
of  Iha  year  for  which  it  vat  filed,  it  will  so 
fcnger  be  lafwdad  aa  ia  tha  aecm  archlvaa  of 
iMoOka. 


5 


af  Cmwmtmw. 

94<  No  caveat  can  lie  tiird  in  Iha  tacral 
arcbivM  of  Iha  oAca  uiileaa  accuffl|ianlad 
an  oalh  of  Iha  caveator  that  ba  ia  a  ciiimo 
the  United  Slatea,  ur,  if  he  la  an  alien,  ihal  h* 
baa  reaided  for  one  year  laat  paat  wllhin  lh( 
United  :jiatc«,  and  haa  mada  oalti  uf  hi«  Inten- 
tion tu  become  a  cllitan  thereof  j  nor  unleaa  the 
a|ipilcanl  alao  autei,  under  oalh,  that  ha  be- 
llevea  himaelf  the  original  and  Aral  inventor  of 
the  art,  machine,  or  Tmprovemant  tat  forth  la 
bia  caveat. 

■aaaHipaiMi  •#  ■■vaailtoa  Ma^alratt. 

aj.  A  caveat  need  not  contain  aa  (Mriicular 
a  deacription  uf  Ihe  inveniitm  aa  ia  re(|uiiitte  in 
a  tpecincotion  1  but  Mill  the  deacription  ahouU 
be  talHcientfy  preciaa  to  enable  the  office  lo 
Judge  whether  Ihcre  ia  a  probable  interference 
when  a  aubaaquent  application  ia  Hkd.  A 
caveat,  equally  with  an  application,  mutt  be 
limited  lo  a  tingle  invention  or  improvement. 

«•  AiaoHtMr  •»  WltlMMiwlaw  ra»«ta 
Allawa4. 

99.  Caveat  papen  cannot  ba  withdrawn 
from  tha  office  nor  undergo  alteration,  after 
they  have  once  been  filed;  nor  will  additional 
caveat  papen  relative  lo  Ihe  aame  invention  ka 
raoeivM,  except  upon  the  payment  of  an  addi- 
tional iiiti  but  the  caveator,  or  any  pcnon 
properly  authoriied  by  him,  on  at  any  lima 
obuin  copiea  of  the  papen  at  Ihe  nsn  nxn. 
•MkWlNCn  ■•a|«li>ai4. 

§/f.  When  practicable,  the  caveat  mutt  ba 
accompanied  by  full  and  accurate  drawing*, 
teparata  (torn  the  tpecificailoni,  well  eiiecuted 
on  traclng-muilin  or  popcr  thai  may  be  folded, 
and  of  tha  aame  tito  aa  demanded  in  drawinga 
for  patents. 

AMMCUVNBim. 
rataata  tmm  tni<a  Jlarlui  AaalcwaMa. 

K.  A  patent  or  trade-mark  may  be  assigned, 
r  aa  lo  the  whole  tnlereat  or  any  undivided 
part  thereof,  by  an  inatrnment  of  writing.  No 
partiaahr  form  of  wordt  it  necessary  to  consti- 
tnle  a  valid  assignment,  nor  need  the  instru- 
ment necessarily  be  sealed,  witnessed,  »r 
acknowledged.   _ 

itwawtn 


M.  Lettara,  Mpiea  of  aasignmenu,  or  *m 
pmrtt  statamenta  in  rcboioa  \i  "arignments  are 
not  proper  sabject-mattera  for  ra.  rd. 


AaalcsMa* 

ino.  In  every  caw  where  it  GT  desired  that 
tha  patent  shall  lama  to  aa  ataignee,  the  aasign- 
ment  mast  ba  recorded  in  the  patent  office  at  a 
date  not  Uter  than  Iha  day  on  which  the  final 
fee  is  paid. 

Cias  s  aapaiailaitaa  te  ka  wMk  Aaalcmaaa. 

ler.   iVben  the  patent  is  to  issue  in  the 

name  of  the  asaifpiee,  the  entire  corrcapond- 

eooe  will   ba   w&h   him  or   hit   authorised 

agent. 

dnMuta  arTarrttOTtal  Mg^tk 

toa.  A  patentee  may  not  only  assign  the 

whole  or  aa  nadividad  interest  in  hia  patent, 

but  he  may  giant  and  convey  aa  exclusive 

ii|^  vadar  £U  patent  to  the  whole  or  vc^ 


^WMagga^»>.A7Vi.y« 


'j;wi:>y-. 


iiim 


FA  I  UfTt. 


lit. 

■I! 


hHlnMimt  In  wrMlng. 


pMiNII  < 
[fa  111 


•tv«  wrriMftAl  f4g<tt.  »«  «mN  m  af  m  IniwiH  tn 
m  ar  tmMl*>aMri> .  «<»<  ba  imm^sA  !■  tka 

J  ••M'-tf  «  *t#tt,  wMWa  tlwM  MMMha, 
..  _  iraiiKMtli,  WlMi  littf  *m»,  ^wu  A« 
•mmUm  HmmuTi  Mil    ««M  k  irtU  ha  «iM  M 

MMiMl  MM  MikMMMMI   nlWll«Mf  W  ■IlKftll 

^.  ir  raoanM  aAw  ilM  liM,  K  wtH  fmtm 
IIm  MittM*  or  gyWii  agalw*  My  MftA  miIm- 
^MM  pwtdiMOT,  iriMM  iMi— -HH  or  mtm  W 


M«.     Tilt   MfMKM    Mf    aoWMjr    MVMUM 

mU  Ms  ittimHim.  m  im  mm  mmm  iWfilBfta 


5 


I  MB  MA* 
II.    '« 


I* 


la  of4aitaff  aoyiaa  olaajr  4fs«tM  ar  i|w>i 
fteatka  Um  mum  af  llw  imraaior  aaJ  pManC'. 
4m  tHk  «l  Ika  to»MiHaa.aMi  Um  4aM  af  Om 
naMM  aMHl  ka  givaa  i  aad  far  mtf  taartk  r« 
•talMwl  la  awMaqaaMa  al  Um  — ImIib  af  My 
4  Nmm  «aM.  a  akatM  <f  mm  Mlar  «•«  l>* 


«f  MM  AaUar  «•*  u 

••.hii  afMig  a  aaff  af  aa'aMfK 

af  Um  mimI,  at  w«l 


ill 


■;%  wt,  Um  Mir  aad  |Mfi  af  Um  iraaa    . 
»  tiM  mmm  af  Iha  lawalar.  mmm  ba  ■««•■ 
«UHnHM  aA  MUM  alMma  «(U  Im  aiaU*  far  th« 
lfca«  aaMWMU  la  aMiilag  aay  iiaiali  Umi  auy 


pt^Sta  tha 

jritaaUbylawio 

k  paM  Hi  adhwMai  ihM  k  mm  mMa^L 
mmi^km  <iw  aay  m*^  W  l^  "'"**  "^ 
iJitaliatM  lipayaMa.  f or tfca aaka «rf  i»i- 
fcraiw  Mrf  oMiaMilMiaa.  *a  nwatafaig  fMa 
vtU   ba  ra^alrad  to  ba  paid  lU  Um  mm 


BMP'*  Tv#  ffMiOIWIIJ  ■•  w*l  IMiB  •■  •••  •■••■ 

lUMAbrhMs 


iri 

a  paliM  Man  In 
aAor  tba  UHa  al  aihkk 


paMirMUiiali 

tba  afMlhMUMi  WM  aOiMaU  aad  mUm  I 
MaftM  to  Um  appttaadwar  Mi  afnii 

Um  iMit  im  fcr  MMb  viaiHi,or  a'aa. 

•r  ^MMltfM  ('•  iMaiat,  ba  Ml  racilwl  « 
Uk»  ^Iba  wMUii  Umi  UaM.UM  patoMwiit  bt 
hmsmK  ••4  Um  bwMUoii  Uinala  iiiiift  1 1 
«W  baasaa  Mblla  ampiiHr.  h  agiiHl  Um  •]► 
pUaaMt  UwtoWr.  «MHi  ha  iImU  Mak«  ammw 
■ppHaiUM  wttMi  twa  MM*  Nm  Um  Uito  «f 
imUm  ri  iba  MbUail  alliWMH. 


IB^HBIV  ibv  ViBHk  fltoW  ViRAAi 

,  'Bto  "mbkbp  <ar  'Um  patMaM  «f  fca 


Mf.   Tba  MMMP  fH  ,   . 

M^btpaiU  to  dW  niiiiajliifiiii,  ar  to  lb* 


UmIMmU 


wtoaavofllM 


•  aMora ^ . 

baah^  «r  iwih>iM'«f 
itoUbfihaMMlMyof 
ilMi  tmrnafUm  UmS  pwpaaa.  «b»  Aall  gM 

k  ibBlf  ba  miMUnad  to  Um  pat. 

4^^    *  • —     -■ ^Jdft^^ 

„-jH%  A*  toaMjr  «ar  to  n- 

br  Miil.  mA  h  Mtop  mmIi  mm  Um 
bMM  MM  Iha  «Mal  iMMMl  MMlai 


LaWia  aoHtoWM  MiMir  hot  to  vMlMiiott. 
tm  illia  — a/wfaltoT  aiba<  >  aafc  tU 

la  p^nMa  to  Um 


A«dU  to 


■t 
Um 


Tto  «M/l#lMlM  wtt  alaMaai 
lla^ilwit. 
mMi  palaM  tm  to  toM  to 

•r  Um  toM.  aM  Um  Nqaaal  tolUMto  M 

—,^~  mm  to  — iahi  wHtog  •lltolhai 

totlUNiiik«rtbt 


»m     

9  M 1  te  aihw  mai  to  paM  ta 


toarbgr 


n 


liClMMM*  MM  MM 
If  JP— * 

fSmmM^  4nwl*f  or ifi*) i 
•f  Um  IwrmlOT  MdiMltnirr, 
««Ntta«,  a»4  dM  4iM  M  tli« 
IvMi  m4  faf  aajTMaMh  rt 

ilmm  «f  MM  MUt  mmt  \m 

<M%  •   Mff  «f  Ml'Mtlfl* 

4  pif*  af  dM  wimI,  m  «Mil 
fc«  towMM,  HMl  ba  gtTM, 
liiMfl«tU  taiMMlvfirOM 
Mqr  iiMwil  UmI  May 


■Mt  pm*m*«  irva 

mMIw  ■*«  tiM  !!■•  M  whkli 
M  attaMMd  sad  miIImi  iHMtof 
pikM«»«r  Mi  ■■««}  MKiif 

■Mb  ^iaMal.M  «  mbImmIi 
I  MWHMt.  U  Ml  ntHiwi  « 
dM  li««.llM  patMlwia  ht 


ixm^Zu^M 

riaal*a.r. 

MM  »•■•« 

1 1««  vmhAmb 

llhMl  auMMMM. 

Ac^alaar 

HrMM,B*Ml 
tty  «r  Am  faya 

Mtt*aflHi 

r,  ar  la  ilM 

•TiwaMiitatti 

MMIMaM  «l 

i«r  taMwarthi 

iiaatnia".rf 

Hi^aMlbftla 

•aMMHyof 

UMt  pwfaM.  «1m  iImII  iM 

Miifi  ar  aai^iM* 

•  aTAqpadt 

AtalhaiMi- 

atMaa^Mlbad 

kHavMMai 

■Mat  A*  ■way 

MVba  fl- 

Ml« !•««»« 

ail  aaMik* 

I  altiawMMag  fMk     AU 
lU  ka  aait  p^faUa  I*  tkt 


rATtmri. 


III.  MoiMy  |>«l<l  tiy  MiiMl  WHUli*  will  ha 
itfiiiMM,  bM  »  nuir«  clMnga  of  purniaa  aAar 
iIm  |i«)raMn<  of  money  will  Nol  MMiiw  •  party 
lo  ilvaMUHl  tacli  rvinm. 


■NHMTAMp. 

lit.  Aftw  ikw  BwTtliijr  at  fitly'  ilyj.  .^ 
i»Hiii(«  ON  an  Mallat  MM  lo  IM  pMMM  tiiica 
\>y  mail  Ma«(  Im  prt|Mii4  la  (Wll,  oikarwiM  ll 


will  iMi  ba  ia«at*»J 

TAMimi  Ajm 


llM 


11].  la  taMaaiaii.  iaiaifcaaiM.  and  MiMr 
cnniMMd  CMM,  tiM  Mlaatwg  laiM  kava  Imm 
mabiyMd  fcr  lakii^t  a«l  mmmmag  Ctrl- 

iWlM* 


Va^to^  •«  jif  katjMvMb 

a  WMMM 


I.  lafani  IM  oamaiuaa  of 
MMM  b  lahaa  Iqr  aNlMr  paity,  daa 


RaMMWU 

aatiaJahail 


b*  |ivaa  <•  tha  oMeaita  party,  m  iMraiaaAar 
ptofiiM,  of  Um  llaM  and  plaaa  «lt*iti  mmI 


wImm  MMk  dapaaid—  w  4a|iMl>kaia  will  ba 
tekaa.  wMk  Ika  mmmi  mmI  walJaaaw  af  ika 


wiiaaMar 


appailla  paMr> 
.  ikkU  fcava  Mil 


panoa  av  by 

ally  laaiaM 

Prmidtd,  TkM  If  Ika  iipnilii  mMk  ar  M| 

roaiMMl,  ba  anaally  pnaMl  at  ika  l«kki^  ar 

laitiMaaf,  vltaaaMa  aal  iiMad  Ik  (ka  aartaa 

■aUkw  party  AM  taka  MMlMeay  ki  awta  tkaa 
ona  plaaa  at  Iha  aaaM  Haw,  aea  aa  aiariy  at 
ikaMMailaMaa  m4Ib  aUaariaaMMkla  mm 
lo  traval  Arna  aaa  pkiaa  at  aaaMhaHwi  la  Ika 
othar. 


a.  Tka  aauaaftMr 
Mnrad  by  Mlvarinf  »  aipy  la  Ika 
party,  ar  kla  afmL  ar  awaniiy  tt  immi  ar 
waaal,  aa  paMwaa  ki  Hah  w,  at  kytaavk^ 
•  copy  at  Aa  paiiy'a  wMd  Haaa  af  MMaata 
wkhMMM  MaMlvr  af  ika  tally  wk*  kaa  m- 
ri»td  at  tka 
the  I 
■uch 

Ik* 

ba  iWMkri  to  Ika 
whatbar  tka  party  « 
Haw  %m»fimt  WNlPi 

3>  Tka  MMhMi^albifa  wkato  Aa 
doH  to  lakaa  MM  imMltkitfio  Mi  aai 
Mtiinf  dM  daMaM  pHtsa  at  wkkk  ll  watldMab 

the  oMk,  at  wkaaa  nfnal  dM  Mrtk 
ukaa,«kaaMariaa«pa««Miik  h  <• 
lo  ba  aiai.  dM  mmmtl  Aa  «l««na 
•ny),  aai  irkaAar  Aay  taaaa  pmiau 

ba  dM#«MwMp>aHA  wy^itdM  a«Ha»» 

•ltd  fMHWi' A»  MHW  AmMmAI  l»  Ai 


(K 


lofM  a  cartiilaata^  fi*iiW  *ka  lUk  af  iha  caa« 
H»il  Iha  <iaM  «A  laalliig  and  arftlraaalnf  Uia 
paciiafa. 
Wa  mmmtm  TiaaMaaaiay  !•  ■aiawaf— 
4.  In  caaaa  <rf  f  ilaaaitic  wbaia  nu  uf^i*lil4Ml 
It  MMuie,  *M  fmtf  lakllMMmv  wtil  b'  ravaivail 
(^OM  tb«  apiMkant ;  an<1  tath  lawlaumy  aa  may 
ha*a  baaa  lakan  b«  tka  a|i|ilkaBi  (iti.if  lo  mMka 
of  na^naiitMi  will  ha  ra««t*<nl,  unlaM  lakan 
wMkMl  ibiHy  4ay«  afta.'  At'na  itta  imiMIimi  for 
iba  aalaaaiiM  i  fS-mttdni,  That  lfnm«<liai<l« 
■|ia«  raaaiviiig  nollva  ol  oiifnatiloii  iha  »yi^L 
«aM  tkatl  glaa  aoilca  Ui  iha  ufiuMiag  |iarty  or 
partlM  of  Ika  waMaa  and  raaMancaa  U  Iba 
wknaaaM  wkoaa  UMMlaMny  kM  ikiw  baaa  labaa. 
MMaaaMaas 


'  •t5StMa3C*^ 

J.  If  akkar  party  akalT  1m  aaabia,  fw  gwoi 
tiiActcBt  I 


to  procaia  Iba  latlimony 
of  a  wkaaM  m  wlMaaaaa  wkbta  lb«  tli|Nilata<l 
liaa,  k  aball  ba  Iba  <iMy  of  aaid  party  to  giva 

tf  M«  MWM  ^f  mtk  immMUy,  mmd  ^  tkt 
mmmM  tf  m*k  wiHttuu,  mtui  »f  Itn  fattt  ««• 
/#rW  t»  it  frwmd  tf  Maaa.  mmd  ^  ikt  ritft 

IV^MVIW     tMP^V    m^W    MHI^IV     Ww     WWwm^KWm    !■■■     ^NW" 

WMii^|%''BWBr  ^  990   ttnut  0t  vMHV  tpwMB   tW't^wt 

kmm  Smm  mmit  m  p^mmrr  Mi  wklok  aottca  lo 

Ma  aaMMlMMMar  akall  ka  vaaaivad  by  Mm 
pMMoiM  !•  HM  M^  ai  kaartaa  akMraiaid* 
Caplaa  of  ika  pi^Mn,  and  noilea  or  any  BMtkia 
baiM  apaa  dMB,  mmn  abM  ka  aarvad  apon  Iha 
lawwiiy  paiCT,  aa  waviaau  w  i^aM  io» 

6.  Wkaaavar a pw^iwIm  anea a aavaM to 
aalakUik  Ika  dMa  of  kit  lavtMdaA,  Om  aavaat 
iMatf,  ar  a  aartMM  aapp  Ikaiaal,  wtm.  ba  UmL 
Vk  i»ldiaaa,  ariA  daa  aadoa  to  dM  oppcaiM 
paMf,  aa  aa  aollaa  oaa  ka  lakaa  h*  Ika  oAm 
af  •  a«M«l  Had  la  Hi  Marat  ardilaM. 

aAalal  rwraatA  of  Aa  aAaa,  md  kaaki 

aaka  hi  ■aaiiial  ckadadaa.  aMy  ka  aaid 
at  Ika  kaariaf  I  kat  aoltaa  af  m^  rpaaMl  MaV 
tar  MMlainad  tkaiala.  anaa  wMi^  a  bbm*  mUbl 

aaU  ka  fiaaa  to  Ika  apparito  paiqrpaavkMi 

Ika  dap  iai  (kr  alarii    ' 


-TS 


tl4> 


ners&n 


iMlkNoay 


ka  pMaly  laA  aaMp 
Aatavaf  aaekMto.    It  li 

AaMba 


m  Vip. 
!«•  Mart  \a 
of  Aa 
M 


■a  jpaga,  ."Min 

WfHlMI  ■BMk 
^PMMjMliV 

iifi  tka  taiAH 
Am  Tarmi  kat,  if 


m  m  tokaa  apoa  tanl-aan 
ida«ai#aMidM  yThaiid 
.o«d  Aal  aa^  aaa  Ala  af  Ika 


Bk.'^yi 


ka  lakaa  ki  aaawar  to 
kavlag  Aa  qaMdoar  and  aaam-f  n  aoMailMad  to 
wfkh^  ti  Aakt  Hfahy  wdar  by  Aa  lanlMiaM. 

k> dMaaaatMlkar  at  a pan^  I 

flHMMi      aD#  ' 


s«« 


FATHmib 


tit.  Ha  MdMM  iwMktM  ilM  mtMm  t* 


mg  wM«li  ilMll  not  Im**  iMa  tokM  mm!  AM 
In  eoMfilMK*  wM*  i»>«*i  nitM  i  ImM  ho  imiIIc* 
wtll  Ym  Ukm  of  Mf  M«f«ly  (urmil  or  i««lMitc»l 
r.tiJ4r«ti«ii  wkkli  tkall  not  tf^mti  l«  Im*« 
wrtHigM  t  M^MiMMtal  IwlMif  to  «M  party  r«4«»- 
ing  Mi  aiHl  Ui  wmIi  cmm  m  iWualil  Im  rmJ*  M> 
•ppMf  ilMl.  M  MM  M  iM  party  ' 

|iMf«>if  to  Ik*  oAc*.  aad  •!■•  (• 

trty,  Inlorwing  Mai  u  iIm  mmm  iIhm  (InM,  m 
•  cwrvdcd.li*  tkall  ar|«  Ma  atj—rtaa  at 
ikalMMdaci  twllMa mla  la ■*» f  fc»  waHniiit 
M  M  ta  Modify  watl-trtahlltliail  nk»  of  tvi> 
4«ie*.  wkkh  will  IM  afplM  tutdly  ki  all 
■racti**  Nfara  IIm  aAct. 

iiy.  ffialaw  nqaifaa  ft*  ckrin  «f  Ifc* 
mtoM  «Mrtt  aT  tiM  Uallwl  ShMas  la  tataa 
MbMMaa.  ta  ••««?•  tfM  aiMNdaMa*  aT  wli. 
wmmm  wIwm  Jiyailtl— ■  aw  dwlwd  *o  ba  r*»4 
la  •vUaaa*   hi   aay  tiainiiil  aaaaa  l«  ika 


111.  In  tewNaiwr  eaMi.  wkaiW  of  tatar- 
)W(«nc*  ar  af  ••NNMta*,  paitiaa  aay  kava  ac- 
MM  la  dM  lartMeay  a*  lla  prlav  la  ika  iMar- 
(ng,  In  fntmm  tt  Iha  aSaw  in  alMnai  aa4 
toptaa  1^  fca  tkM»9*  h/OMm  al  Oia  waat 
rM«a.     _ 

At  a  MMfdrda  prtaiMrf  eMiw  aTdia  laMl- 
Many  wtB  aa  fa^auadb  ^  »!•  la^akaaMM 
may  to  dhpaaaW  mUk  m  i^adal  applicaikm 
10  Ika  loialiiloaw.  m*  ilwwhig  aaflifcmary 


Tkraa  pi^mU  aoBlaa  diadkl  to  feinMMd, 
JO  far  Ito  wa  oTOm  oAm  aa4  ona  farito 
itwa  of  Ito  ipfwlag  party.  TtoM  eepiaa  anM 
to  Had  nal  Um  Itoa  OM  wa*  piaviMi  lotto 
■ay  oi  toariaCi 

ItbalMdarinMaftolan 


It  la  alM  4«lnMa  ftol  an  aifwrnMa  ilMHild 
to  MriMditad  la  priwui  fmn.  and  all  arp- 
moBla  iM  at  bnrt  two  Aqp  pftviona  to  Ow 
4ay«f  toailw. 


ea»»w»wilTiiai 


iif.  AQ  liuiiiripiMilnm  hmI  to  la  tto 

aaaJaClto  "— i-*-» #  — -^h 

aU 

far  dM  afloa  avt  to  addi— ■<  la  kkaf  mMI 

ator  JidT  i.  ity^MKaga  mwlto  pnpiiM  la 

of  (to  totaaa  ttoy  1*01  aet  to  aaHoMl,  aauM 
ktoMaa  ttal  ito  mbttk*  vaa  tmtm  lii*- 

Ar  wrMto  *i  rvMto  *  «mJ  diiMMr 


STiinSa^aMHl  tkaSikta  or«iafi£ifal 


laa^  VFaaa  aa  aaaaa  naa  aiafl  aw  aawa«  ai 


>rfll,ia'<Mdiaai)r 


;  tto  BBHwaaairtiia 
totoldwUliiiaioefyi 


•ail  •  «l4MiM«  ««)»T*«paa«l«ae<  trkk  •«  aatlgiM* 

M»A    iM    UlVCalM,  U»  wHIl    •«    MltWtMV  MUl    k» 

MinctiMl.  tf  gMMralty  •llo*i«<t.  ouaM  l*«g«!T 
IncrMW*  t^.*  Mliaf  «^  lk«  dRc*  TtM  aMtgiM* 
(»(  an  «n(i(«  tau>r«M  In  m  lN««n(lon  l«  miMWil 
i<t  h<tl<l  >orr*»Bi>n«l*a«*  vMh  Ik*  oflk*  la  iti« 
•icIaakMi  vt  IM  imraator 
%M  yyliMf|pai  ^a 

itl,  If  ito  pftoc^MU  tocami*  dtoaiMkitl  M 
ntaal  ravuii*  hi*  |»w«r  of  Mitwavy  and  iKnKy 
tto  alk«,  wktek  will  ikau  cMaaiONkaia  wliL 
kto. 


laa.  Aftar  a  Mcoad  nfartlon  tmm  af  id* 
papait  tan  to  l«ap*ct«4,  tava  In  ik*  pfWai* 
of  a  NroiB  olUari  aav  wUI  any  of  ito  paptr* 
to  r«i«nia4  10  Ika  appUannt  ofAgMi. 


lag.  WtoiMvar  k  ttoll  U  a»aa<l  itoi  two  or 
■MwaMrtlM  wkcMO  iManan  ani  in  conMct  an 
rai^rafcalad  k*  Ito  tama  aUariMy,  Ito  *<M»ln«T 
ki  ekafga  wUl  naUiy  aach  of  laid  orladpal 
partial,  aad  abo  Ito  aMoraay,  of  ikto  om*. 

■•4.  AiHa  maa  tto  ca«**i»,  wkm  ara  r«- 
qairad  ky  bw  to  to  kapl  Mctat,  all  paading  ip 

ekemkMM  «*,  aa  kr  aa  piactlaabla.  praaarvcd 
Uto  ttofaty.    No  lafBtaMUloa  will  ikarafrir* 
to  ^«oa  Itoaa  Inuring  wkaitor  any  parttcnkr 
oaaa  ll  bafira  tto  oAca,  or  wtottor  aay  par 
toa  ifpUad  for  a  paiaai. 

Ito 

pataai  ton  toaa  utond,  and  dia  hinhar jprait- 
•atioa  of  dM  applionttaa  la  atondoaad  or  tonrad 
kyl^Mof  tkno. 


Itl. 


■ay  tarn  tbm  a  paiaal  toa  liiaad,  or  allar 


raa  in  rah 
.or 


iwnfawad 


M  la  to  MkHt  I*  ffMMtii  iMyartlaa.  Tk* 
ipacllaaltoai  aad  Aaurtn^  la  aay  partkalar 
oaaa  aaa  to  mmt,  kf  any  oao  kaviaa  partiaaUr 

^  ^  J  ^  —J  ^^  ^  -    ^^^k^h^^hA^^  AW.n^^M     ^k^K^n    ^^i^^^^^A    t^^^^B^una 

ONMNM  10  WMBMO  UNMIg  ■PNI   d^NOT  HPCTVQi* 

M  wtM  ai  of  Mtoaw  HfWikid.  will  to  ftMraklml 
■I  Ito  aaal  or  lanliint  Itoak    Copiaa  vili  to 

tap.  Bfoa  aMr  a  «aao  «  nlfml^ik,  tto  appll- 
aadoa  la  nyidid  aa  paadkig.  nnlait  tto  oppli- 
•aal  allaai  dw  «MMor  to  raM  fet  two  imn 
wkkM*  lakkM  aav  AiHhar  Mtpa  dwufc.  la 
«kMiem  k  aria  to  iMwdad  m  itoaikiaarl, 


■ad  «ffi  aa  faagir  ba  arolaolod  by  any  ndt  of 
■MrMnr>  Tto  laodMalloaat  dlMdafi|  aad 
■nddvffl iton  to  nAoel to ta|nc£alB dM 


orwididnwa 


nl.  latonaatioB  ia  Mtaiiatt  toptadiaf  i 
ll  gl«oa  as  kr  •■  k  kaacaiMi  'ncawiy  iii 
daadagdwhailaiijif  tto  OH  yb  total 

two  aaadliw  ■gBttoadaaii  avA  of  tto 


M|MII<I««««  wkh  Ml  Mt%MNI 
ur  wMk    Ml    MliMtMy  Ml4    111* 

ai  iIm  dAc*.     Tka  ainlgiM* 

M  In  Ml  lN*«nllo«  I*  Mi<Tll*<i 

^^n^:9  muk  Ik*  oAk'«  lu  ik* 

ivMrtor 

M  ■llMllHi*.  ■■•« 

ici|)«i  ommum  (ll*MMMhii(  h« 
»DW«r  of  MiiMMy  tn^  (umf* 
Wttt  ifcMt  MMMNSnkaM   Wllk 


mtmi  nation  mmm  af  iH« 
IpMtad,  M««  hi  ilm  p(WttK« 
I  mm  will  any  of  iIm  ff*n 
I  MmNmiM  or  ayn*. 

{{jM^'jjtfy  •*••■■■• 

i«  (aM«r«Mi  am  in  cotriMci  m« 
I  MM*  MUitnn,  lk«  ttMliliMrr 
iflMiy  flMh  of  Mid  wliici|wl 
Iw  rttunwy.  ol  ifcto  fact. 

M  IIM   WWHWIl^  wfiwi  W  N 

M  litpi  Mctff,  all  y— diag  •f- 
kit  M  pt«cti«aM«,  fMMmd 

N«  iMlonMllM  will  tiMNfw* 

t«lrt<if  wkMlMr  any  yartkalar 
■  oAca,  or  wiMtlitr  aiijr  par- 

Mauon  la  givaa  lo  mmhrn  lo 
'.or  aHar  a 


(waad^  MM  Um  fwitMr  jpvDia* 


■NMMtol^-^ . 

HIV  la  audi  caMa,  aM  ••  ^M«<i 

to  gaMial  laiyKlaa.  TIm 
I  ArtivlMg*  ki  VKf  iMHtimlar 
^hftmfmt  havlM  partlaakr 
laa  tkaat.  aa4  cowaa  ikanof . 
NHa  |{iviiton«  WW  00  lorwBlMd 
aktiif  itmm,    CofUt^  wiU  ba 


ffaif  tko  MMtWNMl  coat. 


Mr  •  «Mt  la  r^aalad,  Ik*  I ,, 
A  M  MB4lM»Mllaia  Hw  aMtt* 

■Mliar  to  wat  far  jwo  jraaia 
wf  nitkof  ittft  (kaMiiii  la 

II  M  fMMWIaJ  W  daMMOMKl. 

oo^^aiooiaa  v^  any  iwio  v* 

■MawcoMoiiai  4MMHiMai  aad 
ni  aaPitict  to  lM|iwSnKM  ui  tlM 
'ovwidrinwa 


!••  HI  tiSaiMi  to  fMBdlof  eaaat 
I II  iMOOtoto  III  lawij  M  ooa- 

ihdadwaif 


FATRNTS. 


•UM  I*  MMiiiAd  In  •  hiio«l«^(«  at  m  mnrh  at 
kt«  rvpnmtnt'*  tin  M  l<i  *n»htm  iMai  la  (Mi4ilcl 

ki*  (Hra  «n<lanUn4tiigl]r 

■•  laton !■««*•■  »ytolia<  a*  tm  tm» 
yiollaMO  •»  (■•  Law  ar  VaMato  la 
waafal. 

I  If,  I'lMi  oilca  e«Miiafii  r«*pMii{  In  ln<iuiri«> 
H  Iti  iIm  narally  o^  •■«  allcKwl  Invcnlltm  In  ■•! 
•«nc«  of  aa  aitftiicMtiMi  'tt  •  iMUfni,  n<ir  t» 
iniinlflM  kmiuUA  utum  hrlcl  aiKi  lmiwi(«.l  tla- 
I.  ii(il'o««,  pii»|>»>«n>l'<i  with  •  »«w  (il  ancarlaln- 
inf  whtllMr  tih  sllaciKl  lin|  '>««m«nl«  h«v« 
lM«n  |M(Mii«il,  and  i(  to,  lu  wli  im  i  nor  can  II 
ul  M  an  •■|>o«n<Ur  «f  llM  |iai«at  biw,  aor  aa 
couMwIitr  fnr  imiivUluaU,  aacafil  a*  lu  mu«m)«hm 
uUing  wllhln  iIm  itAca.  A  <M>|>]r  of  (n«  iulr«, 
with  ihi*  aactliMi  inMli«<l,  aaitl  In  Iha  ln<ilvli<udl 
miking  an  in<;«ti  y  itf  |K«  ckafaettr  rvfrrrt't  (n, 
U  iniaiulad  aa  a  r«*(wciful  anawar  by  itta  oAc« 

laaaaaawaoa  Wiaii  ana  •■aa  ta  Imi 

la  WHiiiNi. 
Ija.  Alt  baMn«««  wliK  ih<i  <i4ica  tkoutii  ha 
ir<n<«cl«4  in  wriiiiig.  UnUiM  liy  Iha  r»na«nl 
n(  (II  itartlm,  Iha  acllon  of  ili*  t^Aca  will  iia 
ba««l  taclaalvtlf  <m  Iha  wriiian  rtc(»rtl.  No 
«ti«ntlon  wilt  ba  pal4  lo  anjr  atlagrd  v«r<i«l 
prinaiM  or  ■ndaman^inf .  in  ralalloa  la  witich 
ihara  I*  anf  diaaffaaaiant  or  <loote. 


nmmmrm. 

i]i.  Any  paraon  of  ialatlig^nMi  ami  good 
m  >ral  cbarsdar  may  appaar  aa  tlia  agani  or  Iha 
iit(itn«y  In  fa(4  of  aa  apipJIcaiiil,  apun  fillnf  a 
proper  powor  of  altoriMy.  Aa  Iha  valaa  of 
littcnls  dapMida  largaiv  aiKM  iIm  carafui  prajv 
atiilon  of  iIm  apacUKMUM  and  clainw,  Iha 
u»i«ianai  of  ooaipafani  rioaaaal  will.  In  i.i>mt 
iMtt,  ba  ot advaniagt  to  iIm  appibani,  b«i  ilia 
valua  of  Ikair  aarrlaoa  wilt  bo  proporiionad  to 
ih«ir  iliiU  utA  howaaty.  So  auiny  paraoaa  have 
rntcrad  tiiia  profaaaioa  of  lata  yaaia  wiihoui 
oprrianco  ImH  loo  aaacli  cara  cannot  ba  aicr- 
ciitcd  in  Uw  Mlaedoa  of  a  loaoiDalattt  man. 
The  <ille«  emnot  aainia  raaponaiMlity  for  tka 
Mil  of  attoTMya,  nm  caa  it  aaaiat  applicaala  in 
naklng  a  aaloowm.  It  will,  kowavar,  ho  a  tafa 
rula  to  dlatrtMt  HMm  who  boatt  of  iIm  poaaaa 
nun  of  apodal  and  pacaliar  ladlitiaa  in  tka 
offica  Ar  praavlag  palaeta  in  a  r N»rtar  iisM  or 
a'lih  mora  oatandad  daliaa  itian  oibart. 


w4MNi  vv  AMMMMMQTf   inMNV  KI 

13a.  nwan  01  aMamay  to  aathoriM  tka 
attoniay  to  aakilitite  tor,  or  aaaodaia  with,  klai- 
•clf  a  tMoad  agaat,  naat  eoniata  a  claaaa  of 
tuhaiiiaiia* ;  kitt  aadi  powan  will  ao;  an- 
ihoHta  Oto  aaoond  afoat  to  appoint  a  tkinl. 

IS9'  A  pi>war  of  attomay  hmM  ka  aiad  in 
evtry  cata,  Dotk  by  ortolaat  aad  aaaodata  attor- 
neys, bafora  aadi  atlMiwy  wilt  bt  allow«d  to 
impact  paaara  or  laka  actioa  of  any  kind.  Far- 
lim  or  inair  attonarc  will  ba  pannittad  to  aa- 
■mina  tkoir  eaaw  m  tka  attomay*!  roo«,  bat 
not  in  Ika  raoaia  of  tka  axatolnata.  Paiaonal 
intervlawa  arltk  axamiaan  will  bo  lUaeoaragad. 
All  intevoowaa  la  rtfauloa  to  pamUag  oaaaa 
o«ltht  to  ba  In  wi^ig. 

i|4>  Attanqra  iHll  k«  aapMM  to  coaduot 


iWr  lMi«in«M  villi  Iha  nMra  «llk  tlacnfvm  Mid 
«iiuflaay.  Kd*  ic^m  mlu;»n<iMcl  Iha  <^«>mmli' 
M4m«r  may  laluaa  ui  rac«igfnlia  any  |iar«>Mi  aa  a 
paianl  agani,  allhar  ganarally  <»  In  any  parllca- 
lar  caaa  ^  and  for  Imaar  uAaniaa  ail»rnaf«  may 
ba  rafuawd  Iha  (irl«ll,fga  of  'nal  Inlamlawi,  and 
M  raiiuirad  lo  Iranaaat  ail  baainaaa  wlik  Ika 
itAca  In  writing, 

Traaaaaaiaj  MaalaaaM  Tllra«ia>i  9*tm* 
galaa  (w  «'aaaraaa  »toaaa»a<adi 
IJ5,  A*  mamlMft  uf  ('ungrwM  cannot  •»• 
amina  caaaa,  ur  act  in  Iham  wllb<nti  ra||«tar 
pnwara  of  alliimay,  and  aa  caaaa  cann<it  l>a 
laiian  up  out  nf  InaIr  rwgal«r  ortiar  upon  tkair 
r«<|t>aal,  and  aa  tba  delay  In  iranaailtiing  ua|i«i« 
In  and  from  Iha  caplud  Invulvaa  a  Iom  id  lima 
which  wiMild  ba  a«oldad  liy  KHnmankaiIng 
dlrtdly  wllh  Iha  ollice,  a|it>IU'anla  ara  r«c<jin- 
mandad  n<il  lo  add  lo  iha  sufiitiamly  arduui<i« 
dullat  of  Ihalr  r«|)r«Miilallv»«  )rf  ordariiig  c<i>««!a 
ur  aaam|Mln(}  lo  lianaati  bualnaia  wilk  Uia 
odica  ihrnngb  iham. 

■.IMABT. 
■Jkamair  Hagalaitaaa. 

C3C.  No  paraona  »r«  allow«d  to  taka  Imoka 
front  Iha  lUMrary  **■  «pl  ihuaa  ani|>iuyati  in  Iha 
ofKca. 

Ail  book*  iakan  frnm  Ika  litirary  mutt  iw 
aniarad  in  a  ragUlar  ktiii  for  Iha  npaciai  p«r> 
poa«,  aad  ratarnad  on  ina  call  of  lh«  librarian. 

Any  liook  !.Ml  or  dalacad  miMt  b«  replaced 
l>y  anolber. 

Palaaiaaa  and  otkara  ioing  Nainata  wilk 
Ika  oAra  can  aaamina  •>.<«  tr.Kiiii  only  In  ihe 
library-hall  or  Ika  atuinia>  •  room  In  Iha  offic* 

All  traaalallona  will  >  aaada  at  Ika  aaaal 
rataa  by  Ika  oAca. 

No  paraoa  will  ba  alloarad  lo  make  ctt\Atm  i>r 
limclnfa  ftoaa  worka  in  iha  library.  .Such  cupiaa 
will  ka  fkrakhad  at  iha  naual  raica. 

ELLIS  SPEAR. 
<4eti>^  C»mmMmtr. 

Appawad* 

C,  DUANO, 


la,  by  a  aala  lavaniar 
^  Jaial  layantara  .... 
M»aa  tovaatar  lar  Uaaaalf  aa4aai 
Mr  aa  atfalaiatraiar 

ar  an  aaajlgaaa> 

•w  aa  aatMMaa  (bir  a  patentee) 

iky  aa  adaitolairator)  .  .  .  . 
Ibr  a  palaa*  tor  a  daaign  ,  .  .  . 
fbr  raglalrattoa  af  a  trada-niarh 
fbi' raglaaratlaa  af  a  label  .  Aaaand 
far  llM  raaawal  af  a  rejaatad  appitaauaa 
Ibr  tka  raaawal  ar  a  for raatad  ayyUaattoa 
ih  aawar  af  attaraey  .... 
wftotorafy 

lAaatiaa,  Ito  a  Maahlna  (witk  drawing)  . 


far  a  aoaapaeltlaa  af  matter 
feradaatga     .       .       .       . 

Wf  A  WMMMMSni      a         a         a 

laf 


la 
«a 


OaHi,  by  aaala  laraatar  (alUaea  af  <ba  tlaltai 

WaMa,  ar  aMaa) ,       .       .  .    aa 

ky  a«  apfMiant  tor  raiaaaa  (lairaator)      .   a| 


-.■K'.iw*m^i»*M 


^m*m 


»mmmm™  n' "  'jt'vru^mmKtiwfmmmmmf 


PATENTS. 


u 
a 


0*«k  ky  mn  •rrH«Mt  fat  nImm  (MMliaM*) 

MMoaloa  (pMMtM) 

(aSMUtar) 

mipplamaiital,  to  •cMmpany  •  aaw  or  •■- 

i«rgo4«lotm 

to  tha  loM  or  lottoro  potent .       ■       • 
by  on  •dmlBlttrmtor  M  to  Umo  of  lattoro 

paMat .•»••• 

by  an  appllaant  far  tha  ragtatorftea  o(  • 

Appaaia  front  an  aaamlnor  to  aaamlaafA-ln- 
cbiar(a«  porta  eaaaa)  Si 

aa«|nln«rortnid«^n|w>>atocomBiUaioBar  ti« 

M 


(intarfaraneoa)  . 
a«amloafo4n^hlaf  to  oowmliriaoar  . 
comMiaalenar  to  Ittprama  Goun  of 
Oiatrict  orColnmM*^. 


tbo 


nUaa  of  tha  auprama  Court  ta    . 

Diaclalmar 

Govaot     ..■>•#■•• 
Aaotgnmantt.  aatiro  lataraat  (balbto  laauo  of 

potaat 


(tapotant) 
mdUMad 


S7 

It 
N 


4* 
41 

44 


Intaraot  ta  potant,  ittclu4ln» 

ostanaion 

oMhMivotarrltorlalgnuit    .... 
Uaanaa,  abop-rigbt 

wttb  royalty 

Trada-mark.  tHMMftr  of      . 
B«taMlOBa,atBtam8atMi4aeeouat.       .       .   4] 

raaaona  of  oppoaltion  (by  tndlvtduala)     .   4* 
Dapoaitioiia,  mSm  of  toktaa  taatlinay,  •■« 
proof  of  aarviea 41 

fofs^of  ••«      .4* 

aartlfleata  of  ofliear 
Labal 


1.  ar  •  M|7iiiv«ii*w. 

To  tbo  CommiaaiOMr  ofPotaata| 

tbaftotfin  B^t  %•  gnatMM^  A**^^^ 
yaatloD  aat  mik  fai  U»  Mmaaai  ipaaMloatlwi 

to  tha  CommBloMr  of,Wao*ii     ,  ^ 
YonrpaUtioaara,  faaMlty  rwBMtft;>^r  >■  — » 


To  tha  CommtaatoMv  orPataaia  t 
Your  potitiOBor,  a  ^NaUUat  •«rr-»  i»y  «— • 

£::L'-a2;;rrtstsststi&!i»^ 

RtaMS&ca^ta  l|b-«=-.  9H»^^        A. » 

To  t^  oA3IJSl^J'?WS^*T  .  ■  . 

Your  jpmltioccir,  j^  1. ,  M-^-,  -7T»  TP^fW'*'*' 
CnSo  mm?  w»  mwa  M£«Mmu)>{MM  that 


May  If,  My,  wharaof  ho  to  bow  ••to  Mmar  (t 
wImnm  C.  U.,  an  <Lham  baliair  ud  wllli  artpaM  •*- 
MM  iMa  appiiGatloa  in  mad*,  I*  now  mI*  owtmr,  by  w- 
ti|naMm),aud  that  tottara  potant  BMy  bo  rataauid 
to  Mm  (vriha  HOd  C.  D.).  nr^tha  aM»a  iBvontlpi^ 
Hpoo  tha  aaaaaad  aoMadad  apari*«attoB,  A» 
MMpaayinc  thia  paUMoa  to  an  abatraat  of  tttb, 
dnlyaarlUtod.aara^utradlaaaahaaaMb 

Tha  uadaraigaod,  aadgaoo  of  tha  aatiro  («r  u 
uadivUM)  lataraat  la  tba  ahyo-anaXaaad  tottow 
pataat,  haraby  aaaaato  to  tiba  aaaonpanytnc  ap- 
pUcatioa.  C.l>. 

[7>  4r  w«/  •••({r  •«»«■  ;*«  <— wrt^r  ib  4mW,  #r  «*« 
trMm^  /iumt  mmt  ^imtd  mtd  muitimij^itr  it 

T/tSa  da^laalaaarof  ValMta  j 
Your  potMoawo.  of  tho  altor  ^f — •'•»»•< 

,BraytlMtthayaMybaailiwa4ta8<imnd«r 

tho  tottan  pataatfaf  an  lanpMVMKMk  la  Mat- 
acutttea.  nraatarltar  ib.  i»»r»a  ■^1^. -^  *•■ 


dalyi 


*:& 


T£u!l[^a^Sto!rS^%SSt? 

Yaur  BOtiSaor,  aaw  taaldlaa  at-—-,  -—-igg 
that  todwa  pataat  Ma>  Mfy.Xr  aa  laif  laiwawit 
la  atMWKoaSaM^  Jpwti2bB  hlfli^acaat  ij,  iju, 
au^  b«  oatoadod  Or  tWMi  yM»  fMM  aai  afiw 
SSaaptoattoe  af  Saatlglaal  tataik         A.  $. 

Ta  tha  CtwjatotlawJafKiaata  1 

^^POT  WWW  Wp^^^  •■■W^^BJj 


tSV^SmSSSm* 


U.)Kwrtk« 


Tb  tha  Ci>w>toataaar  af 


nvMM  tNH  •*•  'MUM.  toMOMC  «dikthi 


A.:S« 


■s^^nfs    ^a.sK^jrfiv 


mnmt  tm  to  «•«»  «•!•  •miw  (f 

khoM  babair  ud  with  •tlm*  >»' 
»  in  mad*,  i*  BOW  Mh  ownar.  by  w- 


raqiilr«4  ta  awh  I 

r  A— !■—  ••  ■■!■■■■. 

•tf ,  MMga—  of  tfM  MttN  <«r 


t  la  ttMakwva-aMMlaaMl  toitan 
MMia  ta  th«  aMoayany^cap- 

lalaMi*  (Sj  AMrtma*). 

«HH  ANMrf  mmd  »nltm4iti»r  It 

laMrarrataatai  . 

««,  af  Mm  «lty  af .'■UM  a( 

My  nay  ba  attawad  «a  aiWMadar 

■  tkay  ata  naw  awMm,  ky  •» 
I  aaiba  totavaak  aad  Ma  tottm 
ifaai^M  tlmalw^aaMiata- 

ttopa^MtoaaaMnwtt^tiU*, 
n««lta4  Ui  aaak  taaaa, 

tl. 

toMTaf  mtMMi 

r,  aaw  ml  jlay  at—--,      ..'JKiit 

■ffnataSKt*  SmXaftMt ».  il» 
I  fir  M«a«  yaata  ftaan  aaf  aftw 
rSaaffiglMltaiM.  A.  9^ 

VktHgalmmiMif  —  AiBrtwIa. 

'-  ttSSSS 


«itkipM^^u« 


▲.s. 


PATENTS. 


5M 


IS.  Pa«tU>«  wMk  P*«ra*  aT  AttevNagr. 

To  th*  CammlMloiMr  af  PatanM : 
Voar 

•mm  ai 


■MtiUann,  a  rMMant  of  Um  city  af— . 

If 1  prays  that  latMra  patar*.  may  ka 

. I  to  mm  far  tha  lovantlaa  aat  forth  In  tlM 

■nn«ia4  waalMatlaa ;  aad  ha  haraby  aapalata 

C.  O..  of  tha  alty  ef— ,  SUM  of ,  hla  attar- 

niy,  with  fkUl  iwwar  of  aubatMuMon  and  ravooa- 


graoiwltamat  foi 
■nn«ia4  waalMoL^    . 

C.  O. ,  of  tha  alty  of  — ,  SUM  of ',  hla  attar- 

arar  of  aubatMuMon  and  ravooa- 
tlon,  to  proaacuM  thto  appUaaflon,  to  maka  alMr- 
aKooa  aad  amandmaaM  tbaralii,  to  raaalva  tha 
paiant,  and  «e  tranaac*.  all  baalaaaa  la  tka  Pataat 
CMBca  soaoaatad  tharawlth.  A.  B. 

I4i  Pawav  mt  AHaimay. 

ir  iha  po«>w  of  MHMaajr  ha  givao  at  any  iIbm  othar 
than  ilial  of  aMklaa  apaHcaUoa  ligr  paMM,  It  «UI  ba  la 
•uhtMaiiaUy  tha  tgOoariag  font  i 
To  the  Cammlaalnaar  af  yaiaata  i 

Tha  oadatiifaod  ha«ta|,  an  or  akaut  Iha 
day  of  Jnly,  ilM,  OMida  appllaailaa  for  l« 
paiant  Mr  aa  Impraoamaat  I*  a  karaa  pawar. 
haraky  appalaM  C.  O.,  of  tha  alty  of  — ,  MaM 
of  — ,  Ma  aitaraoy,  with  IkM  mMrar  of  aabaMa- 
tionaad 
to  maka 
racalvat 
thaPataa« 

MfuA  at — ,  aM  Stala  af ,  thto  — 1  day 


raagad  to  faad  ajradaally  taatar  inataad  of  (radu- 
ally  alowar,  with  tha  aama  raault.and  that  tha 
Mada  mav  ka  ctompad  to  a  auldad  alldlng  h<td, 
controllad  ky  a  taparina  karralaad  aord  or  chain. 

I  claim  aa  my  invandlBn  i 

Tha  comMnaUMi  la  a  aaw-tooihinc  machlna, 
Bukaiaatially  aa  daaarikad.  of  a  Mporlna  karra. 
and  chain,  wljAi  a  raliar  for  foadiaglha  hbda. 

Wltaaaaao.C.D.  "  A.  a 


Ta  all  wham  it  may  ooaaam  i 
Ba  It  kaawa  tkaTl  (kirt  HmH  Mr  mum 
/mtttr),  of -— ,ta  tha  aaaaty  af  - — .  aad  .»•. 

af .  twnw  lavaalad  a  aaw  aad  aaaKil  procaaa 

for  aaparaMai  aaaat  aad  athar  Imparittoa  from 
whaat,  whteh  praaaaa  to  AUly  aat  forth  la  tha  fei. 
lawlat  apaaMlaatiaa  i 


iHtS 


and 

..    ^  .  whlla 

Mt  waraa,  with  Aa^nala  batora  It  to  paaaad 
Hirauflk  tha  amNVaaUL 

ta  Mrnriai  aat  aar  laaaattow,  taka  af  Uma, 
aawly  atokai  aad  wklto  yM  warm,  ana  aad  a 
katf  Muada  ta  aach  haatead  panada  of  whaat. 
Mta  Vm  Uma  waU  w<^  tka  whwtt,  tot  It  aUad 
aa»hattr,  tbaa  aaaa  It  thrai^li  a  am«t<mUI  la  tha 

**^  ^iS>  *"^  I?""  ^  "•■^  that  aH  tha  Uma, 
aatai,di(i,aa4  athar  ImparMaa  atlaahad  to  tha 


_ lBBJMitl> 

whaat,  af 'avwy.  Mad,  aM  whtok  MamiitHniir, 
!![9!^"9LS*'*«  PMOaaa,  will  fully  aaMraM, 
wW  ha  oidMy  romaiwd,  and  tha  Moor  wlUka  aa 
«M*a  aM  aa  awoat  aa  HMuck  nuida  from  tha 


h«it:arwhaat. 
.  Waaaai 


^.-.-.-.awarattat  Uaahaakafora  kaaanaad 
*".'  *5*JKfK^  •'.  «»«M»i«f  whaat,  kalag  Ant 

Mib  M  aU  pataiaaa  paaoaaaaa.  aa  for  aa  wa  ara 
awara,  tta  Hma  haa  baa*  aaad  ta  a  aaM  aUM, 
and  for  thto  raaaaa  nay  hava  pravod  iaaikctual. 
Wa  pr^pat^tataka  H«k  aawly  alakad  aad  whito 
yat  warm* 
Wk  alatai  aa  aar  tora»Haa » 

af  alaaaum  wbaat 


tt  llmawNatar alakSuSrwarm h%ra M&ag It 


u. 


9aalliadia«l* 

-Ball'' 


waam  h  may  aoaaara  i 

kaawa  Mat  I  (drr*  Auwar  HU  mwtr^tlH 

i|ar~^^te«MiMr  •»  T-.  •?«  *••• 

hawa,  toMatM .a  .aaw  aad  naafkl  aoa^ 


^  ^4My  mlaaa  af 

4p  ai  aaaa  ta  aaturato 

artthkymaaaara. 

athar  klB«af  oil 

^^  J%>iraa(waat Ita 


t  MfWa  «Mi«to*M3!lMto  do- 


TJ&CU 


""^ 


rn'imtWMJiWMnwiiWMWinUa 


tton  with  -  MtatiM  of  M  •UfMp,  MkMMrtWIr 
MandfertiMjMrMMapMUM.  CD. 

1*.  Wmm  m  ■■■lipi. 

TaaUwbwaHaiMfCMMrBi 

••  It  kaowa  tlwrtl  (*»r»  «u*r<  Mf  aiwwrjrilif 

■iaM4  •  pattMa  for  «MMlf.  w  MiMr  MMm.  wT 


'tU  aMw*  «r«|Mlwl#i  Is  IMir 

tlM  MMaifMiytag      -' 

whtak  r«Ht«M«  H 

A 

P«. 
may 


nprwMMi  ■  MttiM, •#  tiM kf«)r •{*•«»■ 
•a  B  «  fWUM  af  Mm  kMSw.  Tk«  hafjr 
m./  to  •#■■■■■*■<  V^«h  Mjp&iiiWIlMtt  aNqpi* 
MlMt«4 1  kM «M toi4ar MMtaM •( llHMMmlM 
•trlpMiOM  ■M4to«M«Ma,wi«llMaM«tw« 
narraw.  AkMg  tka  «MMIa  Mfif*  af  tka  tattfa; 
ruo  twa  aagaiar  kaia,  iiiiiliig  atfc  l>ay  wM 


latartwialag.  aa  akawa,  whllajwa  aanaw 
ara  atiuuMalad  wttk  rawa  ^ mmmm 
irouya  af  ttwaa,  aa  aa  «a  tMBi  triMfrtM. 

I  fvafar  M  ■Mka.HM  «M«a  aliQiawhMa  m« 
iba  Ma  aifipaa  tad,  wMa  tha  laMrtmMM  k«a 
ara  af  «aM  m4  fpaaa  I  kM  Ida  M*  aaMUBt  tlM 
ealara  iriirtai  6  ka  a*  aaaailal  tliiwl  to  wy 
daaiga. 


Minctlva  akaiaaiaf  at  mg  daaln  la  lb«M  to  Ika 
ftf  araa,  wMak  ara  wraatkiwia  a  kafiar  «fcu 


WlMtTaMaAii^ 
A  darieiSr 
eomi 


dailm  far  a  aaiipt  Is  WMak  llw  WRwvia 


TaaHv^iOTKlki 

w#  Ik  lUMWtt 


uSiaST  ■tataa'taSSai'  m'~.  tSSaaabtr  « 

•■ •* — '-^  n*  aur  aaa  a  HialjBiatk  m  «"  > 


hava  adaaiai  Ut  mg  aaaTtraii 
iMtk«M*a  ■M^'kaiarwktaktka 
ML  alaat,  aa4  awM»  iMaWMtiaa  I 


!■• 


XmiS^ %ra4a-NMrii.  liM Mufitia SiWfaa al 

wMak  aia-—   _  .  ^  ^       .. .    . 

fbS  tmAa^aafk  I  kMfiiaad  aaaiiMMMatrte 


jy  C. />.,  A^  ^lAMwgr  *i  JIM. 


A.B..tkaakawaiir<  yatHlaaat.  ka«M  4rtr 
wan  {•r  ainiiiO.  «Maaaa  aa4  aaya  tEM  ba 
Httr  kaHavaa  ktaMair  fa  ka  tka.arictaal  m«  Ant 


vwttr  kaMaMa  ktaMair  <a  ka  tka^atlclaal  m«  Ant 
lHvaa«ar  af  tta  barravaMaat  la  aaad-MMa  4»> 
aa«tka«  a««  atataaad  la  Ika  fkrHwIag  amtigal 
Maat  ttal  ka  data  aa«  kaaw  ad^daaa  aal  ka- 


Mava  tkat  Ika  aMMwaa  avar  |aibra  kaawa  ar 
Ma<tlM«5alSteaaMaMiaf .aaiarMk 

•aMcftaaafaak  '  ""'       " 

(IfdManMcaai  k*  I 


jM  4Mlaia 

dM  tka  fany  aaaMrf  ■•  IMMM  tna  MM  ail 
imhwMiav.] 


MtM'  W  wtfMf  #P^  "WW^P 


"MfSi 


■4  •  ta  «lM  im  Mm  ar  tfw  ■••■ 
r  MriklMi  Wit  tiM  tlibr4  «lalm 
karallK  OM  MIowtaff  t 
IM  •! tiM  MU^aMtacknkt C, 
•mcm  D,  IMkMltMMny  M  <•• 
•  yurf  DIM  Mt  fMr^ 

Mtr  M  — ->•  ■•■ 

■■4   MM  tSM  ' 


■  U  MdMlMMi. "  Md  dct  IM  b  a 
U  aT  mCSm."  «r  "Mrf  (kM  b*  h 
C  af  fMif."  w  "of  Ik*  «MM  of 


PATENTS. 


tet 


••4  Mya  that  th« 


Ian,  M  tiM  I 

itaaad 
of  Novamoar,  A.  D.  i 


lawaoma,  diiaaiai,  kaiac  duly  awarn 
),  dapoaaa  and  aay*  that  tha  feramiaf 
and  aaeaunt  ky  Mm  aabaartlMd  ara 


•wor*  (*r  aMriad), 

(ortgoiafl  atataaiaat  aad  acaayat  ky  Mm  algaad 
art  corraat  aad  trua  In  alt  raapacta  aad  paiilau- 
1a  kaat  nf  bla  knowladf  a  aad  ballar. 

A.  B. 
Sworn  tf  aad.anbaaribad  fcafera  mm,  tkia  lat  day 

S^t'Hct  ^  tit  Jiaet. 

as.  ay  Ml  AlWllMIBt   M»ff  ■■  BxlMMlMi 
(BXMNIt**). 

But*  of — ,  aount*  or—,  aa. « 

A.  B.,  aaaaatar  of  tha  laal  will  aad  taauracnt 
or  Wman  Mw 
i.^-affinaad), 

•UMniant  and  aaeaunt  by 
corroct  aad  traa  in  all  taayaeta  and  pardaalara, 
to  tha  baat  •t  hia  lafenaatiaa,  baewUdga,  and 
Mlof.  A.K, 

Swora  to  and  aabaatlbad  ^batera  ma,  thia  aath 
day  of  May,  iMf.  C  D., 

97.  ■iiBiplaMawIri  •Mk  to  Amtmmpmmr 

m  NMr  •*  Mi  WimUurmm^  ^Uuak 

A.  B..  whMaaflMlcatlaa'  Ibr  lattata  nataat  fbr 
an  IniMavMMHit  la  laad  dflMa  waa  fliad  la  tha 
Umtod  fiataa  Pataat  OMaa,  an  or  aboat  tha  i^ 

•■flnBod), 

clalma 

■aalf  to 

tjanpratia- 

moat  aadaaccibod  aad  oialaiad  la  tha  Hracoiac 
amaadiaaat,  aad  that  ha  doaa  not  hnow,  and 
doaa  nat  balw»i>  that  tha  aana  waa  avar  bafara 
kaawa  or  tMod.  A.  B. 

Iwera  to  and  ■abacribad  baton  om,  thIa  nth 
Uyarjaly...,,.  ^^^CJ>^_ 


Bum  of 
A.B 

KroMd) 


•riAttoTC 


of"'— ,  aa.' 


A.  B.,  of  aaid  aoaaty.  bainf  a  «l  awor*  (*r  at- 

axd),  doth  daitoaa  and  aay  tlu.'.  .aa  lattara  pat- 

-»  him,  aaa  baating  data 


gtnt  uanh  tor  (ho  w^dlattaiaaatoat  hi  aMylacaa 
wbarathoaMMWotnd  prabab\y  bf  tonad.  If  aa- 
iMtag.  aadttaiiha  hw  aal  bao«  abto  to  ind  iSam. 

4ayafOMiiartt«l. 


■ia,thla  sdi 

ca, 

fkukt^ftlktJnmtt. 


■f -~-,  ooMMy  of  «— ^  w.  I 
l.,af  arid  ooSMftbaHc  daiy 
I  midjay  that  hi  10  wtaihil^i 


ofdMa» 

la 


atataof 
A.  B., 

lata  «f  %P., 

toaaMBk^^B 

]aBaaiy,A^D. 
•tbavoiqy 
March  tort 

whafolhai 

uOdlataaMfiklMtt 


di^iaat 

boto«Ml,7M. 
lof  tho 


In   commtrca  with  roiolgn    nallona  or  Indlaa 

Irlboo,  and  particularly  with tA/>#  Mumt  »tit 

ur  ui»rt/»t*ig»  mi/iimi  rr  /HttiitHlrHti.tr  t»ik,»nkt 
.<!!/  ni»f  tt).  and  that  tha  daacrlption  and  faa> 
•Imllaa  praaantad  for  racord  truly  rtipraaonl  tho 
trada>mark  aouaht  to  b«  raalalorad.  A  B 

hworn  and  auoacribad  balora  ma,  a  ,  thio 


— dayol- 


-,!»-. 


O.  H.. 
Jiutk*  ^  I**  flmtt. 


AfrWklM. 

SI.  Wwm  tU9  BmaMlMOV  to  Um  Bxmm> 

lMom«l»4'M*r. 

To  tho  Commlaaloaar  of  Pataata  i 

Wr  t  I  naraby  appaal  to  tho  aaamlaafa-lB.«hlaf 
Arom  tha  dacldoa  of  tha  priaalpal  asamlnar  in  tha 
mattar  of  my  anpl|«at!oo  tor  lattara  potant  for  an 
Imorovamant  In  wacon-brohaa,  which,  on  tha 
aoth  day  of  July,  iMf,  waa  rajactad  tha  aacond 
tima.  Tha  Nnlowing  aro  aaalgaad  for  raaaona  of 
appaal  i  {/Mr*  /Mtm  tk*  rtm—mt. )  A.  B. 


Sto.  rvMM  Um  BxMMlaor  •€  TrMte< 
■•rka  to  th*  CMMaataatoaor. 
To  tho  Commiaatonar  of  Patoata ; 

Mr !  I  haraby  appaal  to  yoa  In  paraon  tkvm  tha 
dacialoa  of  tho  aaamlnar  of  trado-marka,  datad 
Novamhar  is,  itia,  la  tha  mattar  of  my  applica- 
tion tor  tho  raclatratioa  of  a  trada-mark  for 
claara.  Tha  foUowInc  ara  tho  raaaono  aaalgnad  : 
(Htrt/illtm  tk*  ntUMU.) 

SB.  FrMN  tho  KxMBlaor  !■  Ckatv*  •€ 
iNtovtoroNoo*  to  tho  UMHtaon>lH« 
Cktoi: 

To  tho  Commiaaleoar  of  Pataata  t 

Sir:  L haraby  appaal  to  tha  ammlnaro.ln.«hi«f 
from  tho  docMoa  of  tho  piloaipal  aaamlnar  in 
charia,  la  tha  mattar  of  tiio  latarnranea  batwaan 
ray  appHaatloa  tor  lottora  aatoal  for  Impreva- 
moatiajowlag-machlnaaaad  tho  lattara  patent 
of  A.  ■.,  la  whlah  priority  of^lnvootion  waa 
awardad  to  aald  A.  B.  Tha  tollowina  ara  aa- 
algaad tor  raaaona  af  appaal  t  {f/tr*  /•//••>  tA» 
I.)  C.  D. 


CD. 

•la-Chlorto 
•to*  C— iMiaalaiaar. 

To  tho  Commlaalonor  of  Patanta : 

Sir  t  Wa  haraby  apaaal  to  tho  commioaionar  In 
paraon  flrom  tho  dodalon  of  tho  asamlaara-in- 
chlaf,  la  tha  aMttar  of  otv  application  tor  tha  ra- 
loatM  of  lattatB  patoat  lior  aa  lotptovamant  la 
cottoapraaaaa,  graatad  to  A.  B.,  May  il,  iMj. 
Tha  fMowincaro  oaalgnad  tor  raaaoao  of  oppaai  I 


(Hnw/tOimakf 


.) 


J 


tsr 


^ to  tho  Ba. 

OMUfgUflatotoSf  C*l«Mo. 


Waahlngton.  D.  C,  Jaly  ao,  iSn. 
To  tha  etn^ramo  CoaiTor  tho  Dtifttei  of  Coiuo. 

Ma,  la  wMO  I 

Tho  potlUoa  of  A.  B.,  of —- ,  to  tho  eooatyof 
— ,  aad  <— '•  —,  roap  actfhBy  ahowoth  i  That  ho 
baa  hantotoro  iaooalad  a  now  aad  aaafal  im- 
provamantMvolortpodooi  thMoa  or  aboat  tho 

Mtoa  of  tho  UaitoCilataa  tor  a  pataat  tor  tho 

aamo  («r  Ibr  ua  rriaMa  of  a  pauat  graatad  ibnafiir 
•adar  data  of  Jaaa  to^  iMa),  and  aompUod  with  tho 
loaairoaMata  of  dm  ooooral  aott  of  coagraaa,  oad 
wtth  th*  rniaa  of  tho  f^MMtt  Oitoo  proaoribad  la 
aocheaoaai  thathto oilf japltoBttoB waa rriactad 
by  dM  Comtalaaloaor  ofSaMiitooa  appaal  to  him 
oa  or  abotrt  J«aoM,Ap>:  that  ho  mo  Mad  la 
mM  oMao  dao  aoww  to  tho  Commlooloaor  of 
HtOBto  of  t%,  m.  appoal.  acoanBaniwI  wMi 
tlM  roaooaa.w  aMMi  aat  that  tno  eommip. 
ahiaar  ban  fbrainiod  Mm  widt  cosnpteta  coplao 
ofaB  tiM  ortohMd  papora  and  ovidoac*  la  tho 
CMO,  Ml  P^yn^t  jjfgg!!!  ^"^'^  a  cow  of  tha 

arotobt  tMEoSlHi  a  part  horoof. 


«thoaoMA.f.f(iMaMt  Mo  aoM  appaal 
bo  hoard  aad  MSraHaod  by  yoor  hoaoSblo 
^  *****  '""^A^SSl!^  """t^  *>g!!!^^  % 
mtoma  My  M  duly  wMHwi  of  tho  aamo,  aad 


I 


! 


"if.mm\im' 


■\ 


m^ 


PATEKT8. 


dIracMd  in  what  manntr  t«  |i«a  n«tiM  tharMf 
to  th*  partlaa  lataraatad.  A.  B. 

T«  tk«  Oawilaalaiiac  »r  Pataata  i 

A.  B..  of .  to  tka  aMaly  of ,  a«4  MfM 

•f -^.karaby  ■!««•  M«toa  that  ha  kaa  afpaalaj 
frMM  yaw  4a«lAw,raiifira4aa  ar  akwit  Om  Mth 
4ay  af  Juna,  ifri.  r«]a«tiag  kla  aMttaatiM  Hf  a 
MtaMt  (fr  for  a  raiWM  of  «  palaiit  gnatMi  lo  Mm 
Juna  lo,  tWtf)  tor  an  laivravaMaat  to  v;la«tpa««a  > 
aa4  af  thta  ya B  ara  riafnttklly  ra^uaatad  to  tolia 


A<«4  tha  aaid  A.  B.  MtlfM  iha  MtowiM  raa- 
■ana  far  appaaltof  nrani  Aa  mi4  <aaktaw  «f  tha 
ComniaatoMr  of  ntaMB,«U.  i 

(HtrtJItUim  rrmimiu,  tMtk  tihmM  tt /kU mmd  fx- 


IHMt,) 


rfSaa- 


Cmmw^tmAif 
Taow. 


latt,  aiil liiiiJI  iia laliwaBtliilhfy  jw*^      .-  ^ 
To  tkt  •upraMatMirlWtta  DtatrtotafColnHi- 


"^ 


laCawrt* 


•  (Smm.  T«rrh«nr,  Diaiitot)  oT — ,  toapMilWIy 


MmafwaaM  >w 

of  PMMBtSt 

1^.  t 


,  ikot  ••  ika  ——4ft 
•"til,  -         "^ 


••■ft. 


r.  ttMCMIi 


t^MaaafiaiaUl 
TmmmIm 
•llth«M««a«3li 


—■■■■.  ohtah  wmfw  ■"" 
iki  ta  ka  takanaapart 


may, 
tkb 


t«  NMfMaM  dCMMMjMtM  MM  HWt  JMtMM 

'2f 'j&nswVtsi'krJp  h  Ika  iM'.  ^1^ 

ilaaawrtiMiM  afaaaa  Aa  piri^WWi  fcai  wj^  «■■ 

aaaaMiai  aa  ■■■  akia  any  Mi^aMaHwyacMri  flaw* 


s.  Tfa  AiklMMiifc*M*  a  ■Mmw  kark  af  kh  eaca. 
laftkt 


iiiiVjiahatuliiTlTt%>> ■■■■kii  idSpi * ta k«a 
^  Tkbd2ffJBlaS  Mr  Ika  iM  ofika 


kaikill  »!■■  <iitak»boyi<. 
yyyfjfarki  Hqr  aTaaHifilkb  aa 


Aad,  In  lach  •*■•,  Ih*  cnatt  may  onltr  it  lo  hm  n^turti 
lo  «>lrii^,  and  AM  oi  wiunid  on  lU  MlmOM,  ir  t 
thlak  prayar. 

lo.  TIm  Unii  Jadgiacm  or  onlcr  of  Ih*  couTt  ihall  nm 
rtcira  any  of  Um  fccii  atadn  to  npynr  In  iho  caM,  bui 
»liail  ba  to  Iha  Mlowhig  alfcci : 

Tkia  apvaol  katring  baaa  kaard  apoa  tha  racord 
front  tha  nrtant  OMaa  (and  up<in  ifw  imiimony  ol 
iha  t.'naniilKlaaar  of  PaUMa),  (af  oaa  ul  iha  mm»n 


Inan),  (loncMng  Iba  Brincipiaa  of  t>«  invantioni,  and 
kavliig  haan  argiiatf  ky  (oouac 
aa4  (fcr)  Ika  ComnlfiMMr  i 


kavfmi kaan ar|iia4ky  (oouaeai  Ibr)  tka  patttionar 


To  tka  CoaMBlaalonar  of  Patanw  i 
YMrMtUtoi 


It  la  tkarauaa*  ariarad  mm)  a41iitfaa4  that  tha 

(palltiaa  Iw  diaailaaad)  (CamaWoonr  do  Mua  to  lh« 
pMliioaar  a  yaiiat),  (aa  yray<i4),  (araatiag  uu  paiitioMr 

'Aa4  tiMt tha  alarh  of  Uila  aoart  trMomlt  to  tha 
Cammlaalaaaf  of  hitaata  a  copy  of  tkia  «aaraa 
4u|jr  aatkarttoatad. 

knar  of  Patania  i 

r«  A.  B.,  of ,  county  of , 

mM  ttato  of 

«l«atvo  ^t  itlthta  m 

ra.  and  VanMa..,,  .. , 

,  •  cartato  im- 

whtahlattara 

itaM  of  tho  Uni«a4  Stataa  warn  griuited  to  a 
ta  tho  ooimty  of  — ,  feutf  ttata  of 
.  tMkt  ttat  tto  Im*  roMon  to  hakoM 
that,  litMili  taMvartanao.  •S«Mmt.  or  ■Oatafet, 
tha  apacMat^j*  apf  airiw  of  aoM  latgatapptaat 
•ra  too  kroad,  temliac  tfwt  of  wMofc  aanl  pat- 
•nta*wa»WM«iMiiratlB«Ofitor.  VowfatitloMir, 
tharaitrat  barakgy  antara  kto  diacia!  .tir  to  ikat 
port  of  tha  idalM  te  aaM  apaattaatiaa  wklah  la  ia 
thafkltowkMrworMttowttt    _ 


_.-  -.  .  jraaaata  tkat  ha  haa.  by 
daly  raaardad  ta  tka  Unttad  StMaa  fatant 
"'-    ;t.  —),  botomo  tho  owaar  of  an  ti 

.„     talthtaandtorthaaavanilttMMof 

(Malna,  Mwr  Maaipablra,  and  Vankonl),  to  aiakt, 

■a*,  wid  «a«d  to  othata  to  ka  iiaad. 

provad  MachMriaal  Movamant.  far ' 

riant  of  tho  UnHad  Stntaa  wata  griuited 
,  of  — ,  ta  tho  ooimty  of  — ,  lutf  tta 
-,  April  I.  (M«i  ttat  ho  hoa  ra«ion  to  k 
.tferoagiil 


I  ■kw'cwni  tto  alaoraa  A  B,  havlflf  •aak  a 

maanaofdwlasoraocdo  K  L  and  ■  M.  wilk  aa 
ooclUatory  lavir.   to  Monit*  aitkataattatty  aa 


— — ■  MM  IIMa  of - 


,B..«r 


lllfnKrtSiM  MtttM  PWMM  . . 

^^^«?&WtoTC^?         tta  I 


SMBiaVBAVMMh 

. _.,^  ladaaailpttah •! mr nawly^a* 
ilamMOt  whWi  la  ••  MB.  •laM^  and 
■MpMMliitettaw  ta  ilMkiMMaMa 


iriiiaKlau  I 

akilncila 

t.tiifiMh  Um  ■iMiriai.ki  4Mii>~  tki 
■ill alwitMi  i^M lnMb4kMi 

_*^?:     __  ... 

■^ttMm-^^mi^wm  bail*  will  ily  AmpmMM 


L#.1P«J 


PATENTS. 


«03 


th*  enart  may  onbr  (t  lo  h*  rmhrt4 
■d  oi  uinrad  c«  lU  mIbuim,  i(  t 

pa«m  or  i>nicr  of  th*  court  ihall  nni 
en  awih  to  appaar  In  iha  caia,  but 
■ring  tflbct ; 

ring  b««a  Ii«it<I  aMa  tli«  racord 
Omaa  <aiMl  up>a  ilw  UMinony  ol 
of  I'alaala),  (of  oaa  of  ika  aaam. 
w  arlasiplaa  of  «!«  invanilun),  and 
iM  by  (oouaad  tur)  tha  patlttoan 
aniaaiaini  i 

•r<iar94  mi4  mAiaimU  that  ih« 
aad)  (CamalMloiMr  do  imum  lo  ih< 
,(■•  inyiMl),  illWMiBg  Um  ptllUoair 

■rk  aftlMa  aaort  traaamit  to  tha 
r  l*ataata  a  capy  af  thia  4«araa 
•4. 

aaar  af  Patanu  I 

r.  A.  •.,  af .  cannty  of  — -, 

-,  rapraaaata  tlMt  ha  haa.  by 
'4ad  la  tka  Unltatf  Stataa  rateot 
— ),  bataoM  tha  awaar  af  aa  aa 
Ma  mot  (br  tba  aavaral  ttataa  of 
apabira,  aad  Vanaoat),  ta  Makt, 
'  "  " ,  a  cattafai  tm- 
wBiaa  Mitara 


Minavai 

utaa  ota 


aMMta  to  ba  umnI,  a  cattafai  Im- 
MMiaat,  nr  wMah  lattara 
Kataawara  mtmt^  taC 
ity  af  — ,  Idi  tiata  of 
ta  baa  raaaaa  ta  baHava 


n  that  ha  > 

aarei***l'*'  ■■<'  MtataMtaat 

i4«ultog  «at  af  wM«h  aafil  pat- 


vi^ii^ 


•  iMttawaatar.  yawrfatlttaaar, 

f  aatan  hla  tfiada!  .lar  ta  that 

to  aaM  apaelftaatiaa  wMab  la  la 

Mria.tawiti 

ha  alaayta  A  B,  bavlef  aaab  • 

r.   ^ajMMta  attbataatMtjr  aa 

m  4aa8nbav«  A*  ■• 


,  ta  tha  ciawitjr  af 


4  A.  £Vaf  — >-.  w  aita  caaMjr 
r— •.  faagaftftjllyiafciaaatti 
■M4a  aanata  tawaavaaaaala  la 
thMt  ha  to  MW  aqcaml  to  «Mk> 
Mr  tha  mnaaa  afSSlNMi  tha 
ly  toaptis^  <^  wttata  Mtsat 
awlw  mjura  ttat  tta  artjatoal 
W  tovaattM  tama  ba  tlM  aa  a 
iMiiMtoi  aNht^  M  tha  rNWai 
A*  9* 

_., .-, m  •!  nr  ■awiiMB> 

wMm  to  aa  IMI.  atoai^  aMI 

,,  »#to|tota  ta^wbtwiwaaH 


ivrtMifeto* 

Mih  tha  aiaatlHf  to-  aMw    Tto 
■  btorMMi  wiMlMHb'MMI 

'b. 

1;^ 111  ,mumy\m  ibaiVMrtM 
aSS,  «v  •■  Jtot  «ba  hat  MWal 


fcr  ona  yaai  hal  paal  to  tha  Untlwl  Blataa,  and  mada 
wlh  of  hn  iBlMNion  to  hawmi  a  clllwa,  tha  oaUl  thculd 
ka  aiudilM  aaaoadlagly.J 

AiMiisNiiEirni. 

M.  Cr  Mi  Vm«I«M«mI  rrMM«M«l  iMlar. 
aat  im  mi  tavMittoa  baffara  tha  laaaa 

:n  cMMMaratlon  af  ana  dattar,  ta  ma  paid  by 
C.  o..  af — ■,  I  da  haraby  aall  aad  aaaign  to  aald 
C.  D.  aa  nadivldad  half  af  all  my  right,  tlda,  and 
Intaraat  la  aad  to  a  aartein  lavaatioa  In  ptowa.  aa 
fully  aat  Ibrtb  and  daacrtbad  in  tha  apaclAcatlen 
which  I  hava  praparad  U^  tkt  a^kahm  Aar  Am* 

,lrM4fy  m»d»,  av  «»««  y^  " '  T^'JIS''*''  !2  "^ 
Mnlng  lattara  patant  af  tha  Unltad  ttataa  thara- 
Im.  And  I  da  haraby  aathorlja  and  raeuaat  tha 
Commlaalaaar  af  Paianta  to  laaua  tha  aald  lattara 
patant  Jatatto  ta  myaalf  aad  tha  aald  C.  D.,  aur 
hiira  aad  aaMgna. 

Wltnaaa  my  hand,  thto  itth  day  «f  rabraary, 
iMI.  A.B. 

S*.  t  «lM  E«*lra  lit««i>a««  !■  E«M«m 
PMant. 

In  caeaidaratton  af  hvo  haadrad  daOara,  ta  ma 

In  hand  paid  by  C.  D.,af .1  do  haraby  aall 

and  aaaign  ta  tta  aald  &  D.  all  my  right,  titia, 
and  iaiataat  la  and  ta  tba  lattara  patant  af  tha 
Ualtad  hlataa,  Mo.  4tto*t  far  aa  Impravamtnt  la 
hKOBiatiM  baad-ll^ta,  naatad  ta  ma.  July  la, 
fW4,  tba  aama  ta  bahald  aad  ai^oyad  by  Ibi  aiOd 
C.  O.-to  tha  ton  and  af  tba  taran  Tor  Wbieh  aaid 
lattara  pataat  ara  graatad,  aa  fuKy  and  antlrato  aa 
tha  aama  waaM  hava  baaa  bald  and  anjaynd  by 
ma  If  thto  aaalgnmaat  and  aato  bad  not  baan 

Wltnaaa  my  haad,  thto  loth  day  af  Jwaa^Ma. 
M.  or  Ml  Vatflvlfatf  Im«y>  toi  «%• 

In  eaaAkmtton atiaa  tbaaMad  4altora, la  ma 

;^'&  IK' sa«aa^  Ssr  ans 

ImptaaaiMM  la  aaabiag  vmim,  fraatoa  to  ■ 


WItaaaa  my  haaA,  Ibto  f<h  day  af  Jaaauy. 
iHp.  ^■' 

41.  ■■■■■■Ill  tmitlhtkil  •■«■«  iDf  Mi 


to  caMMntMte*  Af  M^iitoMMd  daltora,  to  ma 
oaa,  and  «aMl  wiibto  tha  ttoto  ^  — ~.  antfto  M 
iutaa,  datod  AMgn  u.  dll^  wata  |twto«to 


WHMat  toy  hu«.thta  If*  4iqr  ar  Uwcb.  iM. 

mkm  Ba 


d«.tiMi 


«•«  KBClMlTa-Wllh 
■•jrMlljr. 

ThIa  ajraamant.  mada  thIa  lath  day  of  taptam- 
bar,  iMfT  baiwaan  A.  B.,  party  of  Iha  firat  par^ 
and  C.  D.  A  Co.,  party  of  tha  aacond  part,  wiv 
naaaath,  that .  whrraaa  lotura  patant  of  tha  Unl- 
tad  htata*  (or  an  Improvamant  In  horaa-rekaa 
wara  granttil  to  tha  party  of  tha  flrat  part,  dated 
Octebar  4,  iW; )  and  wharaaa  tha  party  of  tha 
aacond  part  la  daalroua  of  manufacturing  horaa- 
rakaa  aontalniag  aald  patantad  <mprovamaot : 
aow,  tharafora  Iba  partiaa  hava  agraad  aa  Ibl- 
lowa  I 

I,  Tha  party  of  tlia  Hrat  pnrt  hercw,  ilcanaaa 
and  ainpow«M  tha  party  of  tha  accoitd  part  to 
manufactura,  aubjact  to  tha  condltlona  narain- 

aflKr  aamad,  at  thair  factory  in ,  and  In  no 

othar  plaea  or  placaa,  to  tha  and  of  tha  tarm  for 
which  aald  lattara  patant  wara  granud,  horaa- 
rakaa  containing  the  patantad  Improvaroanu, 
and  to  aall  tha  aama  within  tha  Uoitad  tutaa. 

a.  Tha  party  of  tha  aacond  part  agraaa  to  maka 
tbil  and  traa  raturna  to  tha  party  oftha  flrat  part, 
aadar  oath,  upon  tha  Brat  daya  af  |uly  and  Tanu- 
ary  la  a«6hyaar,of  all  horaa-rahaaconulning  tha 
pataatod  Improvcmanta  manufacturad  by  tham, 

1.  Tba  party  ot  tha  aacond  pa:.t  agraaa  to  pay 
to  tha  party  af  tha  flrat  part  flva  dollara,  aa  a 
llsanaa-Taa  upon  cvary  horaa-raha  maaufacturad 
by  aaid  party  of  tha  aacond  part  coaUlnlng  tha 
patautad  Ivprevamanu ;  provided,  that  »  tha 
aald  faa  ba  paid  upon  tha  daya  pravldad  herein 
for  aeml-annuni  returna,  or  Within  tan  dava 
Ibaraaftar,  a  diacount  of  flity  par  cant,  ahall  ba 
mada  flrom  aald  fee  Car  prompt  payment. 

4.  Open  a  fhilura  of  Iha  pi^  of  tha  aacond 
pMTl  to  make  raturoa,  or  to  maka  payment  of 
Heaaaa-faaa,  aa  herein  prorlded,  for  thirty  daya 
aflar  tha  daya  herein  named,  the  party  of  the  flrat 
part  may  tarmlnata  thia  llcanaa  by  aarving  a 
writtan  natiea  upon  tha  party  of  tha  liaeond  pai . ; 
but  tba  party  of  the  aaaoad  part  ahall  not  tharaby 
ba  «ta«hargad  «r*m  any  Uabltlty  ta  tha  party  of 
tba  Irat  part  for  any  licanaa-foaa  dua  at  tba  Mine 
of  tba  a«r*iaa  af  aald  aotlca. 

la  wttsaaa  wbaraaf,  tba  paTHaa  abovo  named 
(tba  raid  Unloalotrn  Agricultural  Wtrkt,  by  In  prui- 
deni)  have  baratuito  aat  their  banda  the  day  and 
yaar  flrat  abova  wtlttaa.  A.  B. 

C  O.  ACo. 

Wa,  A.  B.  and  C.  D. ,  of  — .  partaara  nad'ar  tba 
flrwMMia  af  B.  A  D.,  ta  eaaaldaratloa  of  flvn 
boadrad  deUara,  to  m  paid  by  B.  P.,  af  tba  aama 


ptasa.  dn  baratqr  Mil,  aaaiga,  and  traaafar'to  tba 
aaU  B.  B.,  andhto  aMigaa,  tha  aactaalva  right  to 
wa  to  tha  ■taaataatura  aad  aala  of  atavaa  a  ear- 
Mta  trada-marb  far  atavaa  dapoaltad  by  aa  ia  tba 
UaltaA  IHatra  Batoat  Otoca,  aad  raeordad  lhare» 
ta  Jatar  ta,  itoo ;  tba  aama  to  ba  bato,  enjoy  id,  and 
SwdV&amM  B.  P..  m  toltoaad  Mfirafy  aa 
tha  aama  waald  hava  baaa  bald  and  anjoyad  by 
IN  If  thb  grant  bad  aat  baan  mada. 
WitMW  aur  haada,  thto  aalb  day  of  July.  itoa. 

cdI 

■JHf  MMBIOWB. 
4B.  BtafMNMrt  MMl  Ammm»<.   ,  ^ 

In  tha  mattar  af  tta  aM%«^  •' A.  B.,of  tha 
city,  aooMty,  wm  Btna  af  Matv  York,  aaecuirto 
af  Um  toat  a^iial  MMaolaiit  of  C  D.,  da- 
caaaad.  tor  aMUMMtoh  O^TlMMrBMUiitMo.  lOliy, 
graaiai  «ft  Mto^MtMay>  iIm.  (br  Itoprova- 

Ta^*t»ttoM«Mi?«fBbHbH  i 

Tha  aMtoMMiaimMtthdtorapreMBto  that,  prior 
to  ^toffitotihatoinM  pMMt  now  aougbt  to  ba 

a«lMHaMM-to>>C<^  »•  '*'*»  *■  fcraar J  that  hla 
attoattoM  iM»^AM  to  thb  mMoM  af  mowing. 


,  hy  Iha  dMctilty  of  ctttttog  graaa  by  tba 
oMchtMi  tfMji  oaa:  wat,  after  aatoawna  pa. 
tiaail  mk  «M#  «»Mrittatttt,  ba  tueaaedad  la 
nattoattoc  MbtoWMWlk  aad  in  ebtaihiiic  bia  pat- 
IM.  mrtwBadiMAr  note  arraoaamanv  to 
mamitedtoStta,  MBwamawt,  aadTor  tbla  pttr- 
■oaa  me  tmaa-laWMm  af  htt  torm.  Ba  than, 
tolth  aOMnkhtoHAlMtory  and  cammatwad  omt. 
attoMi  ht^MrdywaraitnaTwarditha  tdtAbbh' 


'r- 


«(H 


PATENTS. 


ill'  ' 


I 


MMrt  WM  4Mtrmr«tf  hy  flr*.  withoat  lomirkM*. 
t*  «M  mmnmr*  mtthu  Kr«  C.  D.  •mn*t—t»4  •  41a- 
MM  wMUi  coatn«4  htm  to  lh«  h«UM  for  thrM 
Man,  whm  h«  4M,  toavtug  ^Mltaaot,  hia  aaac- 
atria  aii4  wMaw.  wilh  a  latga  ramlly  aa4  aaiail 
maaaa.  Navartkalaaa,  appHcaat  ma4a  •vt.or  •t- 
fart  «•  l«4a««  maaMflMturara  lo  «a«  tka  Iniprava- 
maat,  aa4  at  laal  awieaa4a4  la  IMttalng  tha  Arm 

arB,T.*Ca..*r ,' 

atacjitra  of  Ika  maabii 
1*1      ' 


raca-nmanaa  tha  Man- 
I.    feat  altar  foar; 


tha  irm  fliUa4.  halng  targahf  la  4ahl  la  »p\ 
tor  rayahlaa.  Aftar  thla  It  faaaaia  Imptiaai 
aay^lcant  ta  4a  anythlag  with  tha  lavaatian. 
tha  wratt  ta  vartowa  aMBvfacturara,  aa4  aiada 
pataaaal  aMUaatlaa  ta  athara,  hat  mua4  than 
aawiUiag  ta  ataha  arttngaiMata  ta  pay  rayaltiM, 
ar  ta  aaa  tha  lavanMan  In  any  way,  aniaaa  aha 

SauM  aaU  tha  paMM.  In«ltt4tn«  tha  a«<aaatait. 
raaoMlaalaum.   Wia  atataa,  hawavar.  that  aha 
haa  at  lawpth  •iKicm'MI  la  pat«MtlM  •"•■'••- 

nant  wit*  O.  H.  *  Ca..  af ,  aa94lB«aa4  apaa 

tha  aatanUaa,  wharaby  tha  aaM  tn*  annad  ta 
MaaahMtara  tha  pataaM  Maahtaar.  aa4  ta  pay 
har  a  royalty  af  thraa  Mlmn  upaa  am  aaa  awMa. 
iUMa  fram  tha  Intaraat  aa  «aata4  la  O.  H.  *  Ca. 
tha  aatira  latatoai  la  tha  aataaaloa  raaMlaa  vaota4 
la  har,  aa4  aha  haa  *a4a  na  aa^nnaM.  aaa> 
trnat,  ar  afraanaa*  af  My  kla4  for  tha  pala  or 
aaitgnma^af  tha  aaMa4a4  taraa  ta  aay  pafaan 

Tha  toBawtoit  la  haUawl  ta  ha  a  ••wagt  atata; 
aaaat  or  raaatow  am  aapaaJHafaa,  aai  (a  aa  Ml 
na  H  ia  paaaMa  «•  iMlialti 

Vraw  roynmaafrwn  ft,  f.  *C^(far«a> 
laib«rw%l«haaaMM4«^n    .      .   •.mi  >• 

BapaiMB ar  pfaaartnc pataM  .  .      ■§>«» 

thtuSSSml*  «iMMa«aiHrMaftil.'a7wm6a 
ntain4Mi^  ai«»a<.  tiMHiiUgiany  will  ahww 
thM  H  haa  haiw  taiM«Ma4  Moa  aa^f  MMwIng; 
■inahtitna,  mUhrna  iaatMnti  Ma  vnhM^af  faB 
MMWMatwHlwtliiy  thraa  «al|itwiaaaii.  It  la 
•viiMt.  tbardS*.  that  tha  Mh^  teva  haaa 
■natty  hwrtti4  *»  tta  mm  af  thla  liivaatian; 
whlla^lia  Ihat  thft  C.  D.  laoialijTila  aaMra  ttma 
ait  maana.  anfUtaBy  Inat  hIa  jfcja  % ptaaa- 
atlaoair  iJahHranlHa.la  raiaatUWhr  a*ra<  aa 
pfoaf  that  ha  haa  Mt  baa«,a«af«ntd|r  lamwiar* 
iSitf  tor  Ma  thM.  Itmrnrityri^- Mpanaa  ha- 
■•awail  upon  thin  I^vmUm.  aM  tha  iattadaatlaa 

«Mpartial5raiihiltta4.  A.«., 

lMtn/Ulm»  imli.   A»#S>ra»as.] 

la  tha  JaMMrai:  Mm  aipMattteS  fSS/k  fhr  aa 
aMoaalM  af  tattaiw  Mwat  tor  baprfVMiaata 
ia  aiwtnt  aiaahlaaa.TWi.  un$,  *mi  May  <!• 

^I^^rt^ft  ta  aMinwayiHffihtlia  ahi»M  ra- 
aim# ti^Tbr tlwrftBiirltf  w jg Wj ^J,_^  . 

I.  MMMurt.wal  itai  wmmmmI  m*  Ink  •*■ 
vaatar  af  the  IwaiaraauM  ikjBtJ  tar  hiii ja 


(■oo  aaalgnMant  ta  C.  D.,  4ata4  April  i,  iH« 
racor4o4  Juno  t,  ilM,  In  llbor  J)*,  paao  ttj.) 

y.  Tho  otaiomoat  an4  aocownt  am  f y  applictn 
4*  aot  prooant  a  truo  automant  af  hla  ractiMi 
aD4  a>pan4tturoa.  ■•  r. 

OH. 


•sptsmoiM. 


I.  K. 


Ill 


«T.  «•«•••  of  talilM*  T< 

faataa,  MaM.,  March  at. 
la  tha  aiattor  af  Uia  Intarraranaa  hatwo 
pUaatlaaafA.  B.  for  a  papar-tallar 
aa4  tha  patant  Na.  tatj/t,  graatatf 

"  — -  -- -  ~    "--»§oa4f      " 


iS,ilM,taC.D.. 
aiiaataaor  ar  Patonta. 
Mr  I  Vaa  aro  horohy  DatUlo4  i 
"     ■ ,at  tha  ahi 


ilaci 
that  > 


4ay,  Marah  ii.  iMa,  at  tha  alhco 

Na.  ••  Court  atroM.  BoMon,  MMa*ehuaotts, 


Ihai^ 

mashin*, 

Doeombcr 

I  tho  Com- 

iWa4nn. 

B.P..t<H|., 


Ill  praooi 
»n4U.U 


ataoa'aloch  la  tho  feraaoon.l  . 
tahatha taaUmeny af O.  M.. J. It 
alBaataa,  aa  wttaooooa  In  oty  hohalf. , 

TiM  aaamtnaltoa  will  oaatinua  franWday 
anill «aatplota4.    Vaa  aralavltad  ~ 


lod  (• 

M.,«a 

ta«M 


.  Bha7a 


•ttan4  an 
A.  B., 
H.Q..AitAti*rmty. 


Paoor  M  Baanca. 
■lata  af  — -,  aaanty  af-— ,  aa.  i 

ParaaaaOy  appoara4  hatora  aia,  a  In 
paaaot  l}>a  ahya'aama4  A.  B.,  wha, 

awara«  aapaaaa  aaa  aaya 


lal 


taftha 

jg  duly 

Ithaahovt 
CD., 
]arch. 


;:si.* 


■arara  ta  aa4  aahaiithai  hatora 
tfayaf  MarthiiMf. 

(Sarrica  aunr  ba  MknoarMgMl  by 
bom  It  la  MMM  aa  MIowa  i 


A.& 
,  tbiaiiit 


iha  iMtty 


Barvloa  of  iho  dba««  aniloa  aokaowkdaad. 
By  E.  W.Ta$Mi 


CO., 


CamailaalaBor  of 
tatarforanca  balwaaa 


Iha  I 
nMoMaa, 


la  tha 


Daaiaihar  t% 


!Wt>> 


mattar  of  tha 

Una  af  A.  &  tor  a  pMar-aallar  hm 

lattara  V*V**  '"**  ******  V^*** 

bapaaliliaa  af  wHaiwM  naamlnai 
A.  ■.,  paraaaat  la  tha  anaaaa 

"SSa^-JV^aTa^S;, 
•aaat  iTT.,  aaa..  aa  bahatf 
.^aH|.,ea  bahalf  af  C.  O- 

. 4ttly  awara  Vr  alRnnad),  daih 

paaa  tmi  aay,  la  aaaww  la  iaiarramtarlaa  | 
■MMta  Wat  hgr  B.  T.,  aaq.,  oaaaad  tor  A.  B. 

'  tSiSfliB  i.  whathiyaitarBtwa,«<a,ra«llii 
aal  aaaapailaar 

iriri&aaaMla(I.H 


(.M) 


a*ata« 

kMWM  .. 

M«>by  V. 

I.   Haw  hMC  iHiva' 


tony4hioa 


la .  aaiwor  jM»araaa4« 


■^^P  ^^»B^^^   9^mw^9 

MMiaB '^  ha  HMi 

8iM34i»maM 


n.» 


PATENTS-PAYMENT, 


«5os 


Ml  to  C.  D.,  datMl  April  1, 1II4 

I,  ilMi  tn  D^r  J'*i  P«l«  ••7) 
iMI  m»4  Mseunt  AMd  ay  appltctit 
•  tr«M  ■MMMCitt  •!  hM  rtcaiMi 

M.  f.  r 

OH. 
I.  K. 

mmw^mt'nmiin. 

»  or  TMlila*  TMllMMit. 

•Mtaa,  MitM.,  March  at.  iH«- 
r  Ilia  latartaraiMa  katwaao  Iha  •» 
u  B.  for  •  papar-aallar  machlnl, 
ml  Na.  tsaili  graatad  Oaaambw 
D.,  naw  laMtag  bafora  tka  Gals' 
Pataaia. 

haraky  oalMad  thai  aa  Wadn*»i 
,  iMa,  at  Iha  aMca  of  B.  V.,  •■<)., 
itraai.  ■aMao.  Maaaachuaatta,  it 

tha  laraMan.  I  ahall  precaad  m 
any  afO.  if.,  J.  K.,  an/ L.  M.,  >l 


la  my  bahalf. 

Itoa  will  aoattaua  framiday  la  dn 
L    Van  ara  Uivltad  la  aiiand  aai 

A.  a., 

BrH.Q..UtAU»rmtr. 
laaaa,  BImm  lataad.    , 
Paoof  M  Baaviea.       ' 
Hiniyar— -ita.) 
>yaarad  baRMra  wa.  a  loatiaa  of  tb* 
M-namad  A«  8.,  whd,  kaiac  duly 
aad  aaya  tkai  ha  aarrad  tha  ahan 
f .,  tha  attaraay  af  tha  aiM  C.  D., 
p.  w.  af  tha  MUi  day  af  Marck, 
a  aapy  at  hta  wBaa  laF>aaldau»«, 
a  aharga  af  hla  partaar,  B«  fe. 

i  iihaaiHui  bafora  wa,  iMa  im 
ha  adiaoaliilBiil  by  tha  party  opca 

M  fellow*  I 

Kba<r«  aatln  ackaawddacd.    C  D., 
By  E.  r,,ii§ AUftur) 

iw  •r  »a»«al«f. 

SamaUaataiNir  of  ntaata,  la  Um 
atarfwaMa  batwaa*  tha  aMiica- 

MaTfliSirvwiMiDaa^har  i| 


'a 


d«ly  awara  (vr  lAnaad),  4Mh  „ 
la  uMwar  ta  utarraMtadaa  pra- 
qr  a.  T.,  aa4>i  aaoaari  Mr  A.  ■.»  as 

Vhiit  la  ya*  Mdna,  aca.  raiMaaca, 

if 

y  MUM  la  O.  H.I  1  aai  fortsMhra* 

iMla  ««at^i*0taraf  «f  pa  .4*  «al- 

I  In  ChaiaMi,.  Maaawhaaawti 

n*  a  p  •  *  a  a 

»y  Vt  W.,  aaf .,  aaoaaal  for  &  D., 
m  t.   K«w  ia«g  haiira  jmi  haawa 


O.H. 


■ilwlonar  af  Palanta,  aa  tha  }d  day  af  May,  A.  O. 

^«  Mid  C.  D.  waa  duly  notlAad.  aa  appaars  by 
th3  oria.n»l  nolle*,  haralo  annaaao,  ana  atuodad 
byV. 


"C 


vt^.,  hia  eaunaal. 


«.r.. 

1h«  ii>»ghlnl«  thdl  lh«a  (pptnd  10  Ih*  d<pmiil>>n 
iha  niiilc*  undtr  which  It  wm  l«k«n,  (hall  MW  up  lh« 
leiiimonir  liui  itlrKt  It  to  ih«  oiiamluiaiMr  nf  paunit, 
ilaiing  upoa  tha  tnvalop*  >  ctrtllcuM,  in  tubuiuica  at 


t 


illuwt ; 


I  harabv  cartlfy  that  Iha  within  dapoaltlon  of 
0.  H.  lifln*  |-f>il<ag*  cunutm  mora  than  dim  Jcpoai- 
lion,  |lv«  all  ih«  namca),  ralatinc  la  Iha  mallar  of 
bit«rr«r«nca  balwtaa  A.  B.  and  C.  D.,  waa  tahaiw 
MsUd  up,  and  addraaaad  to  iha  Commlaalanar  or 


PaMat*  by  aia  thla  adth  day  af  April,  A.  D.  1  Mp. 

Ammnx. 

mala  Mi4  IiMkala. 

approved   lun«  il,  1174  (to 
of,"  -    .   . 


r  tha  III  day  of  Au|uai,  1174),'  It 
i  and  labal*  aiay  ba  ragla- 


Ra«iatn»tl«M  mr  1 

Hy  an  act  01  Conarew* 
uka  tfllKl  on  and  alunr  ih 
h  providad  that  niiain  |^nu 
UKd  in  ihl*  offlca. 

8ac.  3.  That  In  tha  conatnwtlon  of  thit  act  ihi  worda 
"cngravliit."  "cut,"  and  "prlM,"  atiall  be  applied 
only  to  pictsrial  illuatraiioaa  or  worba  connected  ariih 
the  An*  arM,  and  no  print*  or  labala  daalgned  to  ba  need 
for  any  oihar  artlcka  of  Bianulbctm*  analt  b*  antared 
under  the  copyflahl  Uw,  bat  may  b*  ra(<*t*r«d  In  th* 
pat^t  oBe*.  AM  uia  eommlaaloaar  of  paianw  I* 
Dcnby  charfid  with  ih*  Mtparriaioa  and  comtoI  of  ik* 
aniry  or  rtipairy  of  iueb  prlM*  or  labota.  In  coafcrmliy 
wlih  ik*  rijclaWon*  proVldad  Im  law  aa  10  copyvlahl 
of  prima,  «ae*pe  that  ihara  ihalfb*  nald  tbr  itcordlng 
the  tlila  of  any  priat,  or  tabai,  imm  a  trada-aiarli,  *l« 
doHan.  wMck  ahall  cmiar  tha  •xjpanaa  of  famiablng  a 
•opy  of  th*  record  aiMtor  lb*  MaTaf  ik*  coaarii*lon*r 
of jp*t*ati  to  tk«  party  Miiarhig  iba  laam. 

aac.  4.  Tbft  aU  law*  and  para  of  biw*  incon*l(l*nl 
irltk  lb*  fcragolaf  proriiloa*  ba  aad  th*  mub*  *r« 
hereby  r*p**Md. 

Sic.  s-  That  iMs  act  ■hall  tab*  rifeet  on  and  after  th* 


I  and  Mvonty-bur. 


•t  day  af  AiMUal,  aicktaan  I 

Appro¥*d,  Jun*  if,  ••y*. 

Th*  word* '^' prtau  "  aad  "  label*  **  a*  twd  In  Ihl*  aal. 
io  fir  aa  it  raht**  to  raiMraiian  la  Ih*  Patani  OAca, 
arc  cotMUued  aa  aynonyaioim,  aad  ar*  dednad  a*  any 
d*vlc*,  pielut*,  word  or  woida,  Igui*  or  ftpiie*  (not  a 
trado-mark)  impr**Md  or  Ma«p«d  directly  upon  tha 
atticlea  of  BwaubetHr*,ar  upoa  a  alip  or  pMco  of  paper, 
or  o«h*r  aHMailal,  10  ba  atlachad  la  any  HMan*r  to 
■iaBM<b«»ur«d  anid**,  or  to  bawl**,  boa**  *ad  package* 
coataMnf  di*a>,  to  indlcai*  tb*  conMni*  of  th*  packu*. 
th*  aaaM  or  th*  aiaaofeciumr  or  th*  nlaca  *f  ai*aMCfw 
ton,  tha  4|M*lhy  af  taadt,  dlr*eth>a*  for  ui«,  etc. 

By  ihaword*  **ar«cl**ormaaiifeciur*,"  to  which  Mich 
arlM  ar  labal  I*  appHcabk  b«  **id  act,  aia  mcaat  al  v*ad> 
M*  coMaMMitta*  predaoad  by  baad,  macMntry,  or  ait. 

But  aa  auck  prM  or  lab*l  can  ba  ragiMMrwfuctaai  It 
prop*rhr  b*loag  to  aa  aitlcl*  of  coatmetc*,  and  b*  aa 
abov*  tMMd  I  mir  can  th*  taai*  b*  t*(i*i*r«d  a*  aiich 
p^^  <«r  »iMl  whaa  it  aaaoaai*  in  law  10  a  technical 


of  aay  aach  print  or  tahal  to 

"  ibatflea 

tbailba 


th*  aaala  la  ihl*  aAc*.  It  i*  n*c(**ary  1 
irthaiaaM  ba  Mad,  *•* af  which  copi** 
I  Bad*r  tha  mmI  af  tha  raaiailiiionw  of 


To«mM*  tha 

RflMW 

copis**. 

certlM 

*ad  retaiaad  to  tha  i«stoirani. 

Tha  awtMtaM*  rf«agh  ngittiaitaa  wUI  ccatbma  hi 
pro*  for  tvtaty^lght  yaar*. 

Tka  (N  Ibr  i*gi*li«liaa  af  a  print  or  label  b  (Ic 
10  be  paM  la  na  MUM  naanar  a*  fe*a  for  pataai 

Th*  baaiilB  af  tlir  am  •**aila  kav*  kaen  orWaaMy 
cooHaad  la  cHlaapp  a«'iib*bi*M*  af  th*  Uahed  Stan*. 
but  *pp*artoka«iMadad  ta  Brttiah  *ulii*cti  aadcitlMaa 
ef  Cewaaay  ba  oalMSag  uaail**. 

lAnMdVMMpeaary  cdMipr*  /Ir  aaw  aafa  aa*^| 

IPM  AM  iMmVIBIfAlMl 

Ik  tha  OMMHMaMP  af  PMosti  s 


Tha  underslgnnd,  A,  B.,oflh*  city  of  Brooklyn, 
county  of  King*,  and  fllal*  of  New  York,  and  a 
Cillaan  of  th*  unlt*d  Slat**  <<>i  rnnlaiii  therein,  aa 
ihc  caae  may  be),  heraby  furnlahea  Ave  coplea  of  a 
lab*l  (or  pr'ni   a«  ihc  ia>i^  may   hri,  to  b*  u**d  for 

,  of  which  h*  I*  the  eole  proprietor.     Th* 

titl*  of  *ald  labai  lur  pnniM* .  and  tha  aald 

lab«l  (or  print |con*t*t*  of  th*  word*  and  Hgura*  aa 
fallow*,  to  wit: (l)««i:ripii..n  ) 

And  h*  h*r*by  r«(|u«*t*  that  th*  *ald  print  (or 
lab*l)  b*  r*gl*t*r*d  In  th*  Patani  Office,  In  accord* 
anc*  with  th*  act  of  Congraaa  to  that  alfact,  ap- 

pravad  Jun*  il,  ity*.  — , 

Brooklyn,  N.  v.,  Auguot  I,  ligj.  Prt^ritltr. 

I  For  a  ConronATioN  I 
**lon*r  of  Patani*  i 

Tha  applicant,  a  corboratlon  cr*at*d  by  author- 
ity of  Iha  law*  af  tha  But*  >  N*w  York  (or  other 
■uihorliy,  la  ihe  caae  may  be),  and  doing  bualnaaa  at 
— .  In  aald  Btato,  h*r*by  furnish**  nva  copla*  of 
a  lakal  (or  pfnu,  a>  the  caae  may  be),  to  b*  u**d  for 
— ,  af  which  It  I*  tha  boI*  propriotor.    Th*  :lll* 

af  aald  print  (or  bbel)  la ,  and  tha  aald  labal 

conaiata  of  tha  worda  and  flguraa  aa  followa,  to 
wit :—  iDeaciipilon.) 

And  it  M  haraa;/  r*qu**t*d  that  tha  aald  labal 
lor  print)  ba  r*gi*t*r*d  in  tha  Patent  Ofllca.  ii 
aaaordanca  with  th*  act  of  Congraaa  ta  that 
affact,  approved  Jun*  il,  iIm. 

Witnaaa  tha  aaal  of  aaid  corporation  at — , 

is«/r  . 

PrttUUnt  [»r  ttttr  ^fie*r\ 

yiitlialagjr.  See  ManicAl.  Law. 
IPtttail.  Sec  Ri\iLM*in'». 
ntWHbrafcer.  See  Aaawcr. 
Vajraaant.  S**  CoirrnAcn. 

Pavuent  i*  Ihe  fulfilment  of  a  promlie,  or 
tha  performance  of  an  agreement.  The  dU- 
charge,  in  money,  of  a  turn  clue.  The  word 
payment  is  not  a  technical  term;  it  has  been 
Imported  into  law  proceeding*  from  the  ex- 
change, and  not  from  law  treatinea.  When 
payment  i*  pleaded  ai  a  defence,  the  defendant 
mufct  prore  the  payment  of  money  or  something 
•cce|Hed  in  its  s'.ead  made  to  tne  plaintiff,  or 
some  person  authoriied  in  hi*  behalf  to  receive 
it.*  Payment  in  its  most  general  acceptation  is 
the  accomplishment  of  everv  obligation,  whether 
it  consists  in  giving  or  doing.  In  a  more  re- 
stricted sense  payment  is  the  discharge  in  money 
df  a  sum  dne.* 

Payment  must  be  made  in  coined  money  (or 
treasury  notes  made  legal  tender)  if  the  cred- 
itor insists  upon  having  it.*  Copper  cents  are 
not  legal  tender  under  the  Unitea  States  Con- 
stit»iion.*  Payment  by  merchant  must  be  made 
in  money  or  by  bill.*  But  the  creditor  may 
waive  this  right,  and  anything  which  he  has 
accepted  as  satisfaction  for  the  debt  wilt  be  con- 
sidered IS  paynieiit. 

Upon  a  plea  of  payment,  the  defendant  mky 
prove  a  diuharge  in  bank-note*.  Negotiable 
notes  of  individuals,  or  a  debt  already  due 
from  the  payee,  delivered  and  accepted,  or  dis- 
connted  as  payment.'  Bank-notes  in  conform- 
ity to  usage  and  common  understanding,  are 
regarded  as  ksash,*  tmlesa  objec.cd  to.^  Treas- 
ury notes  are  not  cash.'  Giving  a  check  is 
not  considered  as  payment ;  but  the  holder  mav 
treat  it  ■■  a  nulluy  if  he  derives  no  benefit 

4j*;  sId.  isid;  9  fcha*.  noi  dMd.  jr.  k-M*i. 
Maw.  J5«;  •Ohio.i&i  loMe.  4ni  •Cr.B  J.  ie,B.i 
g  Yen.  top:  a  Esp.  aSy;  }  Hwaph.  i<*{  e  Ah.  ^K 


jtfW«lt^TOW!^ 


i 


I 


\ 


'&> 


iii 


PAYMENT. 


§nm  U,  providad  h«  hu  not  bMn  r>'l<7  "^ 
naglictiMM,  M  M  to  CAUM  Injury  io  lh«  drawer^ 
PBfnMnl  In  fofftd  bilU  U  ganarally  •  nullily.* 
So  kbo  at  counUrf«le  coin  i  bul  an  •grcemenl 
to  Mil  100^  '"<'  uxtfH  iiwcifk  money  i*  vood, 
and  paymant  of  these  coins  it  valid,  even 
th.mgVlhe*  be  c«Minterfeil.'  And  the  forged 
notee  muat  be  retnrnetl  in  a  reawmable  time,  to 
throw  the  Iom  upon  the  dcUor.«  Payment  to 
•  bank  of  ito  own  note*  which  are  received 
and  aftcrwar<b  diMwvered  io  be  forged  i«  a 
good  payment.*  A  forgwl  ch«:k  rwelved  a* 
caah,  and  paaaed  to  tlw  credit  of  a  cuttomer,  U 
a  good  payment.*  Payment  In  bills  of  an  in- 
solvent hank ,  where  both  parties  were  innocent, 
hat.  be-jM  held  po  payment.*  On  the  other 
hand,  it  U»  been  held  good  paym«ni.« 

If  a  hill  cf  avebang*  or  promUaory  note  be 
give*  lo  a  crrditor,  and  accepted  as  payment, 

ft  staui  ht  > r«*»  p*y»««»i'  B«» '••K»'*''y  • 

Mil  of  a>tchatt(j«  cr  note  given  to  a  creditor 
shall  not  b.1  a  titacharga  of  the  debt  till  pay- 
ment of  the  bill,  unless  so  accepted.*     If  a 
debtor  give*  his  offn  promisaory  note,  it  Is  not 
payment,  unless  It  is  so  axprcMlv  agreed,'  and 
whan  so  expressed  U  wtinguishaa  tha  debt.* 
Whether  there  was  such  an  agraentent  is  a 
question  for  tha  jury.*    And  ff  payment  be 
made  in  tha  nota  of  a  tador  or  agant  employed 
to  purchasa  goods,  or  intrusted  with  tha  money 
to  Da  paid  for  tham;  if  tha  note  ba  received  a* 
payment  it  wiU  ba  good  in  favor  of  tha  princi- 
pal,* but  not  if  received  conditionally  (  and 
this  is  a  quaatioa  of  fact  ftr  the  jury.'    A  bill 
of  cschange  drawn  on  a  third  oanon,  and 
accantad,  dUchaiqpa  tha  debt  ai  to  tha  drawer.' 
And  in  an  aotlon  to  racovar  tha  prica  of  goods, 
payment  by  a  hill  not  dtshoBored  Ima  baan  held 
as  gooNl  dafaaca.*   Ratainiiw  a  draft  on  a  third 
panyaa  onraaaoinabia  length  of  time  will  opar- 
M  a*  payment  if  loaa  ba  ooeaakmnd  tbweby.* 
In  iba  sate  of  a  ehatul,  if  a  nota  of  a  tUrd  par- 
son ba  aoeeptad  far  the  pcioa,  it  it  gw*^  P^- 
ment.k    Nat  so,  ho««r«-.  if  tha  nou  ba  the 
proniM  of  one  of  tha  paitaan  in  pajranent  of  n 
partncnhip  d^.* 
Payment  muf  ha  mnda  tliRMgk  tlM  tatenraa- 

«.!  PaMaas'  Oaar.  Mg.  •^wLnti*.  C  i  Bin. 


CoMi.  n.l-tT. 


tion  of  a  third  party  who  acts  as  the  ri*a«  of 
both  parties  I  s»,  Utr  tiample.  a  tIskcholiUi. 
If  money  be  deposited  wiih  him  to  abide  lh« 
event  of  a  legal  wagrr,  neither  |)artv  tmn  claim 
it  until  the  w«4(cr  i«  deierminvd,  Kvd  then  he  i» 
ImhiikI  to  pay  i(  lo  the  winner,*  If  she  wager  i» 
ill«rg«l,  the  depositor  ma»  reclaim  the  money 
any  lime  liefure  it  is  paid  ovur.*  So  alM>  with 
an  auctioneer.' 

A  transfer  of  funds  called  !>y  iHe  civil  Isw 
phrase  a  payment  by  dciegalio!,,  i»  payment 
only  when  completely  effecie.l  ;•  nnd  an  actual 
Irsnufer  of  claim  or  credit  axaentcd  lo  by  sll  the 
parlies  is  a  good  |javmcni.*  Wiicn  moitey  i» 
tent  by  letter,  even  thiiUKH  the  monf  y  !•  losi,  it 
is  yood  payment,  and  the  dedtcir  is  disaharged, 
if  he  was  ei|«r«a!ily  suihorited  or  directed  by 
the  creditor  so  lo  send  il,  ur  if  such  authority 
can  be  presumed  from  the  course  of  trade.' 
But  even  if  the  anlhoriiy  be  given  or  inferred, 
at  le«rt  orditMry  t'iligcnr.e  muat  be  used  by  the 
debtor  to  have  the  money  safely  conveyed^ 

/*aymtmt  mmtt  *r  of  Ik*  wkolt  mm  ;  and  even 
where  a  receipt  in  full  has  been  given  for  a  pay- 
ment of  part  of  an  aacertained  sum,  it  has  been 
held  not  to  be  an  extinction  of  the  debt.*  But 
payment  of  a  part  aaay  be  left  to  the  jury  as 
evidence  that  the  whole  haa  been  paid  ;>  and 
payment  of  a  part  at  a  different  lime.*  or  place,* 
or  ia  any  way  more  beneficial  to  the  creditor 
than  tbnt  nreiicribed  by  the  contract,  is  good.* 
Giving  a  cnattel,  though  of  Icsa  value  than  the 
debt,  u  a  disehatge,'  ot  rendering  certain  ser- 
vices, with  tha  content  of  tha  creditor,*  or 
assigning  certain  property.'  So  if  a  stranger 
p^  a  part,  or  gir.>  bis  note  for  a  part,  and  this 
k  aoaaptod,  it  is  a  good  payment  of  the  debt.' 
And  WBen  a  creditor,  by  process  of  Uw,  com- 
pels tha  payment  of  a  part  of  his  claim,  this  is 
generally  a  dischaife  of  the  whole.' 

7%4  Fiymtni  mmtt  kav*  ttm  AettfM 
JOumlngb.  Thas,  if  the  money  is  conntcd 
oat,  and  the  payee  take*  a  part  and  p«U  it  in  a 
bag.  thia  k  a  good  payment,  and  If  any  is  lost 
ais  Ike  payee's  loas.*  Wbera  A.  paid  B. 
;^ioOk  In  IM  redemptioa  of  a  mortgage,  and  B. 


(N.  %.)  sm:  *L»-  •••J  •is*'-  •»'  «!.«*• 
Rich.  6oo:  M  Me.  w*.    •««■•.  ««et  i  iaik.  isa. 
io  Pet.  jarD  Ciaaak.  su!  4  Mmm.*4^i  t^i — 


M: 


«t  1  wMn.  C. 


s,aM.4!  0  Peaisi 


.;  »  W.I 


i-i  Mats.  Mj: 


i  sVi.a9oi  4M.M1: 

4}:  >B«h.  Ob. /«.«,#. 
,|*>f.sa»  leetjisi. 


».li'Ali.M: 
fio :  M  Weed. 


4MI1  ■•«».**•    %}  WHS.  Uli  s  nsB, 

-    "v.fi,4to.   *<|Caaivb. 


aCiMr.  itat  9  Jfebna.  ] 

seSc  Ommt  m.   fc-4  Knik.  ms»  •  B.  *JW.  I*'  I 

M.  sett  1  H.TI.  Ml.  mi  »T  ^t^i^JHtJ™^.!!!^ 
«M.  f«aBiMMs.s4ei  Rr.ltM.t4et »  towii.4ni 

tkl  a  FMisai' Coir.  ay. 


iSI!    • 


.»l»» 


•i 


■^JK 


r4f  who  Drti  M  tha  rnut  of 
(iir  •lampU,  •  MaVenuldci. 
Mli«d  with  htm  to  kbida  ih« 
vagrr,  neither  ymrtj  i«n  claim 
i«  (]«(trmin«(),  evil  than  ha  u 
tha  winner.*  H  <.ha  waffcr  in 
iiior  mav  raclatm  the  moncv 
I  U  paid  ovur.*    So  dKi  wua 

\in(t«  callad  !iy  the  civil  law 
It  bjr  <l<>le|{atit> !.,  I*  payment 
elcly  effecleU  ;■  ni«<l  an  acluil 
at  credit  anacntcd  to  by  all  the 
I  |>Bvineiii.*  Wiien  money  i» 
Ml  ihiNiKh  the  munry  U  kiat,  it 
and  the  del>lcir  I*  diKtmrmd, 
Miy  aulhoriie«t  or  directadf  by 

0  tend  it,  or  ir  luch  authority 

1  fr*«n  tha  couna  of  trade.* 
inthiiriiy  be  given  or  Inferred, 
<*<ligciv:e  rnunt  be  uaed  by  the 
le  money  aafely  conveyed^ 

t*  eflht  tukott  mm  ;  and  eren 
n  full  has  been  given  for  a  pay 
a  asceftained  mm,  it  haa  been 
I  extinction  of  tha  debt.*    But 
\mK  may  be  left  to  the  Jury  ai 
le  whole  haa  been  paidi*  and 
t  at  a  dlHerenl  lime,*  or  place,* 
tore  beneficial  to  the  creditor 
Ibed  by  the  contract.  Is  good.* 
,  though  of  Icsa  value  than  tha 
Hgc,t>  Of  rendering  certain  set • 
connent  of  the  ci«ditor,«  or 
1  property.'    So  if  a  alfMiMr 
r.  hia  imU  for  a  part,  and  ink 
)  a  good  payment  of  the  debt.' 
editor,  by  proccM  of  law,  coot- 
(  of  a  put  of  bis  claim,  this  ii 
haige  of  the  whole.* 
1/  anij/   kavt  btm   AitfM 
hM,  if  the  money  ia  cowated 
ree  takaa  a  pMt  and  ptiU  it  in  a 
lod  jMymcnt^juid  if  aajr  b  lost 

b! 


'ijT'.yrvw?'**'" 


■  nijinsat,  ami  •■  ■ 

..  Iota.*    Where  A.  , 
damplioa  of  %  aoitgnge, 


pdkl 
I,  and 


*i».k 


,.  , C.  »Ti-«- 


,4*!  iCamffk.  4i«ji  m.jm.  m^^ 

m  s*.  ».««■!  ••.ftCaai:  n 
ij  SI  Id.  4iei  sea  «  tasa— '  CMr. 
'.'•J,t  «  Kmi.  *  «.  fc*  if*  Par- 
£4Wi«h.na|s».*  Aa.|a:i 


Ih  «!««••■ 

MIf  Jtrt  *y  ■iaas.^Mi. 


a.  84»i  Rjr.  *  Il,i4«t  >  neh.  477; 


TMii 


a. 84»i  m!f.mmjj*m\  »  •«"•  en; 


PAYMRNT. 


«o7 


hade  C.  put  it  In  his  eloael,  and  C.  did  so,  and 
A.  demanded  bis  paper*,  which  I),  refused  to 
(Irliveri  and  A.  detnanded  back  his  rnimey, 
sikI  n.  directed  C.  to  give  It  to  him,  and  C.  did, 
II  wiu  held  to  be  a  {viyment  of  the  mortgage.' 
licnrrally,  tlicre  can  !>«  but  little  doubt  as  lu 
sccc|itanca  and  nun-acceutance,  and  the  (|ttes- 
liun  i*  <me  of  fact  for  the  jury  tu  determine 
under  the  ciicuiiutiitncea  of  sach  (»>rilcuUr  case. 
()f  ciiunte,  where  notes  or  bank-bills  are  given 
in  (Kiymenl  of  the  deU,  iImi  evidence  that  they 
Krre  >u  given  Is  to  lie  the  same  as  evidence  of 
.my  oiSer  fact  relating  to  payment. 

I'AVMtNT  INTO  CovBT  is  depositing  a  sum 
iif  money  with  the  proper  ofRcev  of  the  court 
l>v  the  defendant  in  a  suit,  for  the  Nnelit  of  the 
l>Uintiir  an'!  in  answer  to  his  claim. 

In  the  abnance  of  statutory  pmvitions  it  may  be 
made  under  a  rule  of  court  granted  fur  that  pur- 
pose, in  which  case  notice  of  an  inlciitk/n  to  ap- 
|>ly  munt,  in  general,  have  been  previously  gtve  1. 

The  effect  is  to  divest  the  plaintiff  itf  all 
right  to  withdraw  the  money*  exce|)t  by  leave 
ul  court,*  and  tu  admit  conclusively  every  fact 
which  the  plaintiff  would  be  obliged  t^  prove 
in  order  to  recover  the  moee*;'  as,  tnat  the 
amount  tenderett  Is  due,*  for  the  cause  laid  in 
the  complaint,*  to  the  plainliff  In  the  character 
in  which  ha  sues,*  the  /uriadicllon  of  the  court  i* 
that  the  contract  was  mode*  and  broken  as 
alleged,*  but  only  in  reference  to  the  _. 
paid  in,' and  nothing  beyond  »nch  facts.* 

(ienerallv,  it  relievca  the  defendant  from  the 
payment  of  coala  until  judgment  ia  recovered 
lor  a  sum  larger  than  that  paid  in.^ 

Thk  EmcT  of  payment  isi  1.  To  dis- 
charge the  obligation ;  and  it  nay  happen  that 
one  payment  will  discharge  several  obligations 
bv  means  of  a  transfer  of  the  evidences  of 
obligation.^  a.  Pavment  does  not  prevent  a 
recovery  when  made  under  a  mistake  of  (itct. 
The  genenl  rule  ia,  that  miatakit  or  ignorance 
of  law  fnraishea  no  ground  to  reclaim  money 
paid  Toliiatarily  under  a  claim  of  rights  But 
sets  done  tinder  a  mistake  or  ifnorance  of  an 
essential  fitct  are  voidalde  and  reliovable.  Laws 
of  a  fordgn  country  are  matter*  of  bet,'  and 
the  several  United  Siatea  are  ibreign  to  each 
other  ia  thi*  respect.  In  Kentucky  and  Con- 
ncctiort  thert  ia  a  |iower  of  recovery  equally, 
in  eaaea  of  mistake  of  law  and  pf  fact.'  In 
Ohio  it  aajr  he  remedied  ic  eqaily.*  In  New 
York  a  diaUnction  ia  token  between  ignorance 


offinr  lenSi 


of  law  and  mistake  of  law,  giving  relief  in  the 
latter  case.*  In  England  money  ^m  umUr  a 
mistake  of  Inw  cannot  l>e  recovered  back  '  j. 
I'art  |Myment  of  a  note  will  have  the  efftict  of 
waiver  of  notice  as  to  the  whole  sum.  4.  <>ay. 
ment  of  a  part  of  the  debt  will  bar  the  applica- 
tion of  the  statute  of  limitations  an  to  the  resi 
due,'  even  though  ma<le  in  gocHl*  and  chat- 
tels.s  liiit  It  mu>l  lie  shown  cunclimively  that  the 
|iayinent  was  made  a*  a  part  of  the  larger  deliif 

KviUKNCB  that  anything  hai  ticen  done  ai4 
accepted  as  (Hiyment  is  evidence  of  payment. 

A  raceiiit  Is  prima  fad*  evidence  of  pay- 
ment |  but  a  recelfit  acknowledging  the  recep- 
tion often  dollar  1  and  ac(|uittiiig  and  releaiiii); 
from  all  obligatioins,  would  be  a  receipt  for  ten 
dollars  only.*  And  a  receipt  is  only  prima 
/atu  evIdeiKf  of  payment.*  And  It  may  be 
nhown  that  ili<;  pitrticular  sum  stated  in  the  re 
cei|it  was  not  paid,  and  abu  that  no  (laymcnt 
has  been  mn.le.* 

raymcnt  may  be  presumed  by  the  jury  in  the 
absence  oi  direct  evidence :  thus,  possession 
liy  the  deb  or  of  a  security  after  the  day  of  jwy- 
ment,  wl'  ch  security  is  usually  given  upon 
imymeni  .f  the  deln,  is  prima  faet*  evidence 
of  payment  by  the  debtor. »  If  the  acceptor 
pro<luce  a  bill  of  exchange,  sui:h  possession  is 
prima  fatU  evidence  of  |>aym«!nt.* 

Payment  is  also  conclusively  presumed  from 
lapae  of  time.  After  twenty  veais'  non-demand, 
unexplained,  the  court  will  presume  a  pay- 
ment iirithout  the  aid  of  a  jury.*  FacU  which 
destroy  the  reason  of  this  rule  may  rebut  the 
presumption.'  And  a  jury  may  infer  a  pavment 
fitMn  a  shorter  lapse  of  time,  es|iecially  il  there 
lie  attendant  circumstances  favoring  the  pre- 
sumption.* 

A  presumption  may  arise  from  the  course  of 
dealing  between  the  parties  on  the  regular 
course  of  trades  thus,  after  two  yean  it  was 
presumed  that  a  workman  had  been  paid,  as  it 
was  shown  that  the  employer  paid  his  workmen 
every  Saturday  night,  and  this  man  had  been 
seen  waiting  iimong  others.* 

A  receipt  tor  the  last  year's  or  quarter's  rent 
is  piwM  fatu  evidence  of  the  payment  of  all 
the  rtnta  previously  due.*  If  tne  last  iiutsU 
ment  on  a  Don4  is  paid  in  due  form,  it  is  evi- 
dence that  the  others  have  been  paid ;  if  paid 
in  a  different  form,  that  the  parties  are  acting 
under  ■  new  agreement. 


«;  9-4  Ad.  ft  a.  la.  ■-«  N.  H.  SI9  i  <  Md.  toi ; 
Moss.  IMI  Ml  Eli«.  t.  ftlto  ♦S4.  •••  Cr.  M.  &  R. 
7:  4  Ad.  A  n.  « !  4  Scott  (N.  R.)  119.  r-i  Cr.  M. 
R.  »•:  s  Bintb.  (N.  C.)*4f :  «  M.  ft  W.  1.4;  « 


•<''i»*'»A*«» 


11  Barb.  554;  a4  "^t. 
a-i^«».  Ch. 


rUoiTl; 

■16  i  sas  iJso  s  l^iisoas'  C'amu'\iy^y». 
to;  1  Br*  AU.  6a«i  II  Pick.  ««;  1  Edw.  Ch.  341. 
MTauBt.  *4i :  7  Cow.  3J4 ;  4  Ohio  j4«.  For  cases 
•spblning  th!«  nile  Kc  also  a  Mas.  C.  ^141;  11  Moss. 
S7:  jjohns.  310  :  4  Horr.  ft  M'H.  .19;  3  Caln«»,  li 
■-•T.  ft  R.  366,  >«  N.  H.  i«  :  9  Conn.  401 ;  «  I«J.  J, 
»„•  I?  Huwph-  •'■8 ;  i3.P«nn.  St.  46.  v-i  Surk.j74  : 
9  S.  ft  R.  -M.  mi  S.  ft  R  1,6;  4  JohiM.  io« ;  %  rtilc. 
S04.  x-i  C^oiapb.  ST ;  14  S.  ft  R.  IS :  «  Cow.  401 ;  1 
Craiwb.  iftt.  r-i  Pick.  «ei  s  Le.  4li.  ■■78.  ftR. 
410.    As  to  irauisplloas  afaiast  the  sxtatwics  of  (he 

*^'^  JL'¥'*'  *3'    »-«  «*P-  »9« ;  se.  also  3  Camph. 
10.    k-s  Pick.  004. 


f 


■r- 


PAVMKNT. 


for  iIm  *mm»  •mouni.  tml  f.*  •  »m»i  >fc^  ••• 
un«ll«r  lIuMi  WM  <lu«  by  ih«  »(|rt«««m.  II  •" 
h«M  t«M«nc«  oT  full  (wyiMotii  • 

Wmm  ti>  •«  Mai>«  •'•jrw*!!!  muM  b» 
macU  M  lh«  •Hart  llm«  ■ni'Ktl  •ip«'n.  Whwe 
|Mym«ii(  U  to  h«  •n«a«  m  •  <««i»r«  •'•y.  «•• 
cuMiM  nothing  tin  b«  •UnMtmlml  illl  th«  tlw* 
.»r  iNiymani,  tn*!,  if  «h«rt  h«  «  «t>n<IUUin  |ir« 
c«<l«nt  in  Iha  lUWIIIy,  no«  until  lh«  condhlon 
liM  htmn  ptflbrmad.  An.l  wh««  g«»*  •»•'' 
tie«n  aolii  ••  •!  nil  or  nln«  monilM*  credit "  lk« 
•ItUor  WM  •llow«<l  lh«  o|Hlon.«  WH«r«  no 
iim«  «rf  iwymtnl  i*  fipwifted.  ih«  m<io«y  >•  to 
b«  |Mid  lmm«di«t«ly  on  d«ni«nd.*  Wh«n  pay- 
itMttt  U  lo  h*  mad«  al  «  c«n«ln  ll««.  it  may  h« 
nuMto  at  •  dliarani  llm«  if  IIm  |ilalniiir  will 
ae<»|il.'  Th«  d«Uor  cannni  compti  iIm  creditor 
le  nmrfv*  |»yin«nl  b«for«  Ihc  date  la  da*. 

WMiaii  TO  u  Mad«.  PayMmt  aiaal  hm 
mad*  •!  IIm  plac*  afrmd  upon,  unlaaa  both  ih* 
MitkM  canMmt  to  •  cKang*.  If  no  pUet  of 
niyaMUl  ia  MMtiiioncd,  th«  paver  miMt  w**k  otil 
Iha  iwjrM.1  80,  loo.  iIm  creditor  ia  antiflad  to 
call  far  paysMnt  of  lh«  whole  of  Ma  daim  a( 
Mtt  tt«M.  uniwa  the  parti«*  have  ttipslaied  tar 
pnyweiM  in  pwveU.  QtMalioiM  of  pa]nM»l  hy 
esecaton,  adalniainMora,  and  gaardiana  are 
rMHlaUNl  hjr  Hainle.  Aa  a  MtMral  ml*  delna 
are  10  be  paid  Aral,  then  apecllk  lanctaa.  The 
peiMMMl  praiMft*  la  made  liable  Im  the  lea- 
tatoVa  daba.  and  after  that  ia  exhaaated,  lh« 
real  aaiata. 

Who  may  Makb.  Payment  nay  be  made 
bjr  Ike  primary  dchtor,  and  by  other  peraon* 
from  vboM  the  tmdllar  haa  a  right  to  demand 
it  An  agent  nwy  make  payment  for  hia 
principal.  An  attorney  may  dt«ch«rt(«  Ihe 
debt  afainat  hia  cHent.»  One  of  any  number 
of  joint  and  aevcral  obligma,  or  one  of  leveral 
Joint  oMigon,  may  diacharge  Ihe  debt*  Pay- 
meni  may  be  mad*  by  n  Ibiid  pmnMn,  aatrangar 
to  th«  ooatrad. 

It  nay  ha  ttatod  generally,  that  anv  act  dan* 
by  any  jperMM  in  dUcharM  of  the  debt,  if  ae- 
oeptad  by  the  creditor,  wiU  operate  aa  payment. 

To  Whwi  to  M  Madi.  Payment  ia  to  be 
nad«  to  the  cradhdr.  Bat  It  nay  b«  nada  to 
aa  antkariatd  aftent.  And  if  nade  la  the 
ordinary  comm  of  bwineaa,  wilhoirt  aotice  re- 
qnirtwi  the  pufmrnt  to  be  made  to  himaelf,  It 
labinAag  cpoa  the  principal^  Faynenttoa 
Ihlnl  penm  by  appointment  of  tlM  principnl, 
will  be  labelanttaUy  payahrat  to  tiM  piiac^.* 
Paynwt  to  the  agent  who  made  dw  ooHtiaet 
with  the  pnyee  (wUhont  prahiUtion)  it  pay 


aienl  w  Ihe  pHnclpal,'  B«l  payment  nev  ha 
ma<t«  lo  the  prlnil)Ml  aftar  an  aulhnrlty  Bi.»n 
l«  an  agent  lo  rae«i»»."  I'»)imanl  lo  •  lirokrr 
or  factor  who  mIIs  kn  a  pHncijial  not  oamctl  m 
good.*  Paymenl  10  an  •«• »«  whan  h«  i« 
known  io  b*  tuck  will  tie  g>.  i(  mwla  u|i<m 
iha  tarma  aalh«>riM<l.*  If  lhai<  »«>  aolica  m* 
lu  pay  hlrni*  and  avan  aflei  iKrfice,  If  ili« 
f«£tar  had  a  lUf  an  iha  monay  whan  pald.«  If 
the  hri>iirr  ceU  gnuda  aa  hi*  own,  payment  » 
H»»A  though  the  mode  variaa  from  that  agrw.l 
on.' 

Payment  to  an  attorney  la  aa  e«ctnal  «• 
payment  to  the  principal  himaelf.*  The  atinf 
ney  of  record  may  gi»a  a  receipt  and  diachari{(f 
Ihe  Jndgmanti  if  made  within  on*  year.*  Not 
»o  of  an  afent  appo;r«ed  by  ihe  altoraey  lo 
collect  the  debt.'  Payment  by  an  ollker  •'.  an 
attorney  whoee  power  had  been  revolted  oef<>r« 
he  received  the  eiecntlon  did  not  diacharK« 
the  oAcer.*  Payment  to  one  of  two  copart. 
i.ria  diachargea  the  debt/  even  after  diaw>i« 
ito«.r  80  paymMt  to  one  of  two  Mnt  crodilon 
la  good,  thoagh  they  are  not  partnert."  Mm 
nayme^  by  a  banker  to  one  of  aevaral  ioini 
depaaiiSn,  wHhant  Ihe  aaaent  of  Iha  other*. 
waa  held  a  void  payment.* 

PKyment  to  the  wife  of  ihe  creditor  la  not  a 
diacharM  of  Iha  debt  anlem  ab«  ia  eaprwoly 
or  Impliedly  kla  agent.*  An  aacMoneer  em- 
ployed to  aell  real  eatate  haa  no  aathority  to 
receive  the  parckaae  money  by  virtue  of  Ihat 
amintment  merely.*  Uaaally  the  terroa  of  the 
aUa  aalhoriaa  him  to  receive  the  pnrchaaa 
noney.<  Payment  waa  made  to  a  peraon  tit- 
ling in  the  crodilor'a  cuanlingroom,  and  appar- 
ently doing  hia  btMinem,  and  It  waa  held  mwd.* 
bat  payment  to  an  apprentice  ao  sitaaHd  wm 
held  not  to  be  good.*  Generally,  payneat  to 
the  agent  mait  be  made  in  money  to  aind  Ihe 
principal.r  Power  to  receive  money  doat  act 
aathoHae  an  agent  to  commate*  aor  aahaOt  to 
arbitration.' 

An  agent  aathoriaed  to  receiva  aioney  can- 
not Mad  hia  principal  by  raeoivinf  goodi«>  or  a 
nototk  but  a  aabaa(|aaat  latUlcadoii  woaU 
reamdy  any  aaoh  dapaitaro  frma  aatfmrity: 
and  it  la  aiM  that  alight  acta  ol  acqataMsaaee 
wUt  be  daened  rartfioatioa.  Payamat  la  «ae 
of  atvorai  Joint  crediton  of  hk  part,  wW  aot 
attar  the  aatara  of  the  dabt  lo  aa  to  aaahla  the 
others  toaae  Mparatoly.'  PkyaMBt  to  one  of 
aaveral  oxaeaton  la  MdBpient.*  PayaMat  to  a 
Iraatae  fMMially  ooweladaa  Ika  «Mtaf  fa*  *«uf 
ia  Uw.> 


■■liiaMMi 


icipal.i  Rut  paymvnt  mm  *m 
(iI|mI  kAar  an  •uilwirity  ||(<r«n 
cai**."  r*)rni«nt  lu  •  liruli«r 
U  ktt  •  pHnciiMtl  niii  itM»«<l  m 
tt  la  an  t$'<\t  «rh«n  k«  u 
l«  will  M  g<.  i(  hmmI*  «p<ifl 
iM4j,*  If  thai'  no  iKMlcfl  imm 
nd  tvan  kftcr  n>iiic«,  II  lh« 
on  itl*  iMNMy  whan  paid.*  If 
fixxlt  M  hU  nwn,  iMjrmanl  i« 
ni<Hia  wiaa  from  ituil  •gra*<l 

in  •ttoni«7  it  M  ■<ict— I  m 
viscipia  kiMMir.*  TIm  kiiof 
f  g<v«  k  r«c«ipt  umI  d|Mhari{r 
numIc  within  OM  ytv.*  Ni>i 
mfa)U^»d  bjr  iIm  atlonMy  lu 
'  PavnMnI  hjr  m  o(lk«r  *^  •» 
o«r«r  had  Imm  rvvokMl  lMf«irt 

•aaoidon  did  not  dkchMK* 
.jTHMnt  lo  on*  of  two  ca|Mri 
Um  dabt,'  avc*  aAcr  ditaolu 
M  le  on*  of  two  Mnt  craditnrt 

Uityar*  no«  p«rtn«rt.»  "iui 
uikar  la  on*  of  MranI  taint 
wt  Ika  aiMAt  of  IIm  allMrt. 
pajratwii.* 

M  wlft  of  ih*  eraditor  k  not  i 
I  date  Mnl«M  sfc«  i*  taprauly 
I  igant.*  An  MCtioMtr  am- 
m1  atiaia  hai  «o  ••ihotity  to 
ehaaa  mkmmt  bjr  viima  of  that 
rttf.*  UMMlly  tba  tarma  of  th<- 
bim  to  rccaiva  tba  parcbaM 
mt  waa  mada  to  •  pafMNi  til- 
iir'a ctiinitingroMii, ud  appar- 
NWliMaa,  and  It  waa  haM  Mod,* 
M  apprantica  to  altMlMlwaa 
load.'  Generally,  paynaat  to 
M  mada  in  money  to  ntnd  the 
rcr  to  receive  money  dow  m< 
rat  to  eomntiile*  iMir  Milaik  to 

liortied  to  racflWo  moMy  cu- 
idpal  by  ra«rf«lnf  gooda^  or  a 
MbaaqMirt  talMcadon  woald 
cb  danurtHN  Aval  aadioritr: 
Ml  aUf^  acta  of  MqaiaHMWe 
mtMsotioa.  FkyMMt  to  one 
cradtton  of  bia  pa«t,  »IH  »at 
of  tho  dobt  ao  M  to  «Mfalt  the 
piniely,'  PiayM«Bt  to  oM  of 
■  ia  t^ant.*  PhyMnt  to  a 
r  oowrtvdM  Ik*  «iMkw' f«v  *twf 


^v*iw*ti  .j*«»»«»*-'0| 


PKRSONS-PKRfinNAL  PR«  >t TRTY-Pl.EADINOi. 


Rahaeqnani  niiiA^allan  of  the  agent'i  a«l«  i« 
i-.|ai*alenl  lo   prartdenl  aalhoHiy  tn  racelve 


t*A'  i«,  ait 


•aCBiai;>«AL 
Noma  am  r>aaja«Tia«a ;    Com- 


■  *•  »•,  wit 

rarmrfa««»«.  S«a  CmmAr.-t* 

|Pvrf«ry-  Km(;»imimai.  U*« 
r«ep*«IMUM«  TooMNMMjr.  Sm 


)  l«av»*m'B. 
I  Kviaawca. 


>ri«r,    

iep*«lMUM« 

PSMMIMk  Mm  varlcHM  aub  h«aii«,  aau  uui  pnai. 

A  ruisUN  l«  a  man,  wiwnan,  or  chilil,  von- 
ii<l*rad  aa  0|>p<i*«<t  to  thing*,  or  diitlnct  from 
ihrm.  A  human  Iwing.  A  natural  being.  A 
m«n  cnniiderril  ntcordinc  lo  the  pcialliun  (pri- 
vate or  olHclil)  « Inch  ha  hoida  In  law,  with  all 
ihc  righu  lo  whkh  iha  place  h«  holda  eniitlei 
hin,  and  Iha  iluilea  which  ll  Impoaea.*  A  cor- 
puraliiin  whkh  )«  an  aitlAcial  pef«on>  Iha 
xtm  ••  penon,"  aa  i*  teen,  la  mure  exienalve 
than  roan— including  aniAcial  beingi,  aa  cor- 
poraiinn'i,  aa  well  aa  natural  beinaa.  But  when 
the  word  ••  Mnuma"  u  apoken  of  in  letfUlalive 
idi,  naturnl  |i«r«una  will  lie  Intended,  unlew 
Mimrihlng  u|>pear  in  ih*  conleit  to  ahow  thai  it 
•PI  Ilea  lo  anlticial  persona,*  Natural  persona 
irc  divided  into  males,  m  men,  and  femaiea,  or 
•nmcn.  Men  are  capable  of  all  hindi  of  en- 
l«|cments  and  funcliona,  while  v^omen  are  re- 
•irkted  by  the  law.  both  civil  and  political. 
Pcnona  art  alto  divided  into  citiseiM  and 
tlians,  when  viewed  with  ragwrd  to  their  poliil 
cil  right*.  When  they  are  conaidared  In  rela- 
tion lo  their  civil  rigbia,  they  are  living  or 
clTilly  dead.  PtnoM  art  aaaia  divided  into 
Irgiiimaie  and  illagltioiatt,  whan  eontidered  aa 
10  iheir  rigbia  by  birth.  Mfbta  Wawad  in  their 
(l.)m«*ilc  relationa  tbay  art  dhridad  bio  parent* 
•nd  children  s  haabanda  and  wivea  t  gaardiant 
and  wardi  {  and  maalen  and  Mmala. 

foaitMMi.  lea  OMmiacn. 
VovoaMMl.  Saa  COMTIMCT*. 

mAt.  rmmwrr.  i*a  Kaat  rnr. 

wrv. 

PUKNML  PiiomTY  i*  |b«  rigbt  or  Imtnat 
<rhicb  a  man  baa  in  thing*  panooal.  Tha 
ri«ht  or  inlatwl  laaa  Oimi  a  fraabold  wMcb  a 
man  baa  In  rwdty,  or  any  right  or  intaratf  which 
b*  baa  in  ibinfi  ntovabto.  Ivaty  tangibi* 
lUag  whkh  la  Iha  anbM  of  mmonhip  not 
<(in»atapaitorpni«alorNalniwMfty.  Par- 
Maal  prapaitv  ia  to  b*  diatfaMtiaiiad(ira«  thing* 
jwiooal.  Thara  iiH^  ha,  far  cnunpla,  a  p«^ 
>oMl  aetata  ia  rtalty,  m  ohaHala  raakTbnt  tba 
only  propafty  wbtcb  anau  oan  ka««  in  thing* 
l*iio«al  mat  b*  a  pammal  prapaity.  TSe 
•Mntial  idea  of  peiaenal  pnpaity  i*  that  of 
mmy  in  a  lUnf  nwvabh  or  aMiwafai*  from 

"w  dmatiM  Of  iaiaroat  aa  eonpared  with  tba 


for  the  dwtvMieajrilM  wom 
"  hv.  aaa  iJfaaHar^.  t« 

tidj  I. 


'.  hat 
hh 


?•  »»i 


owner's  lire  in  a  thing  real,  wlihout  any  action 
<m  the  part  of  the  reel  owner* 

A  crop  growing  in  the  grtMind  i«  personal 
proiwrly  to  far  as  not  to  lie  con>ldrr<rd  an  in- 
l«re«l  In  land  undar  (he  statute  of  fisudt.*  I| 
i«  a  gentrsi  (irinciple  In  thia  country,  that  stock 
held  In  t<ir|K)raiion*  I*  to  be  convUlered  aa  per- 
•onar  >ro|>ert)r,'  Title  to  |>«rKHial  property  ia 
acquired  r  i.  Ily  original  acquisition  by  .ncu- 
pancy ;  as,  by  capture  In  war,  by  fimling  a  loal 
Ihliig.  a.  Ily  original  accjuisition,  by  accession. 
J.  lly  original  acquisition,  by  intcllfctual  IslMiri 
as,  copyright*  and  (Mtenl*  for  inventions.  4. 
Hv  transfer,  which  Is  l>y  ad  of  law,  by  for. 
fclture,  by  Judgment,  by  Inaolvancy,  by  inle* 
Ucy.  5,  Dy  tranafer  by  act  of  the  party,  by 
gin,  by  lale.e 

PwrnwMl**!.  Sm  Act*. 
FwtH  ■'«r< 


8<a  Mbdii  si.  i.Aw. 
CoeVBIUHT     lamiMAi.  |.«w. 

tm    UlLLa,   hoHna,  SMB 


t?!l!  i*«^"jr'  Sas  Cbi«iii.ai  Law 
l*f«i*  Tr#na*«i.  Sm  (  bimimal  Law. 
Pliyalalaa.  8«  "" 

NOTBB. 

ri.BAM«Mk  HaaCorvBiaMTS;  rATBirr«,erc. 

I'UtAUiNaa  are  the  written  siatemenia  of  tha 
pnrtiea.  to  an  action,  suit,  or  mbtr  Judicial  pro- 
ceedinK,  by  which  the  matter  In  coi  troveny  ia 
»>rought  to  an  iaaue,  1.  *.,  a  aingle  point,  ailrmcd 
on  one  tide  and  denied  on  the  other.  The 
written  Ualement*  of  the  plainiifr*  cau*e  of 
action,  and  of  tha  defendant'*  ground  of  da- 
fcttce. 

In  Civil  PaAcrict,  pleading*  ara  Mate- 
menla  in  a  logical  and  lefral  form  of  tha  fact* 
which  conatltute  tha  plainiiir'*  cause  of  action, 
or  tha  defcndant'a  griMind  of  defence  1  •!  ia  ihe 
fomal  moda  of  alleging  that  on  tha  reeoid 
(Ihia  ia  in  writing,  whereby  it  Is  mnde  apart  of 
tba  raoord  by  Ating,  enterinfr,  or  recording  by  Ihc 
2>raper  officer  of  Ihe  cmiri)  which  conatitoie* 
tha  tamxNt  or  the  defence  of  ibe  party  in  avi- 
denoe,*  The  ol^ectof  pleading  ki  to  aecnm  a 
clear  and  diatlnct  aUlemant  oftha  daima  <4 
each  party,  ao  that  tha  oontrovcitad  point* 
mar  ba  eaactly  known,  naainad,  and  decided, 
and  Iha  apprcnriate  ramedy  or  pnaiabBient  ad- 
miniMarad.l  Good  pleading  conaikla  in  good 
inatfer  Dieadjd  In  good  fatwi,  in  apt  tima.  and 
duaorder.J  G'/od  mailer  inclnda*  all  beta  and 
drcUBMancaa  nacemary  to  coaMlluia  tba  «ane 
of  caanptaint.  or  poond  of  dafonca.  and  no 
more.  It  doa*  not  incind*  aigvnant  or  mat- 
ter* of  law.  Bnt  mm*  niatlaf*  of  fact  need 
not  h*  elated,  tbongh  it  b*  nacamary  to  aatab- 
Udi  than  a*  Am**.    Saeb  an.  anwng  others : 

I.  FnctaorwbiGhthaconftatakanodcabyTir. 
tn*  of  their  baing  oowrta  1  aa.  th*  dm*  of  acce*. 
^o«  oT  th*  haa^or  niar  oT  Iha  goemrnmcmt* 
tiata  and  placa  of  oenvaning  Iha  kgialatnr*  or  of 


1 


PLIADINOa. 


rn<igr«4«i«  MtltliD  mmhIm,  tin4  iIm  (mO  iIm/ 
MMrtalii,'  mclNdlng  tcclMdiaikal,  et*il,  •n<1 
m«rtn«i  Uw«  i«  )>«<  nul  twi**!*  *  or  furatun  law*  i' 
enmrnttm  law  rtghi*,  dmiM,  and  ■•n*fal  ra»- 
Inm*  (t  the  (lay*  of  lh«  wank  ,  publtc  Kollilny*, 
tie.  t*  pitlllkal  lilvUUm*  i'  (ha  m*antn||  n<  Kng 
llth  wor<l*  anil  l*rma  of  art  \m  ofiUnary  aic«|4*' 
lU>fi|*  thair  own  t<nir««  '>f  pntcradlnga  t*  a«<l 
ibal  of  OMifta  of  g«ncriil  iiirtolicttitn* 

i.  I'acta  wbk-h  Ida  law  nraaamaa  i  aa,  Iha 
Umoeaur*  of  a  pa/ir  ;   llUgaflty  of  an  act,  alt  » 

J.  M«nan  wbkK  iha  othar  parlv  thoutil 
plaad,  aa  baing  inntra  wUhIn  hia  knowladga.* 

4.  Mara  mattan  of  ««l<lanca  of  facb.' 

}.  Unnactaaary  madar  1  aa,  a  aacond  hrta<  h 
af  CMidttitiM,  wlkara  ona  U  awAcianl  )•  or  Iniriii 
10  daA«ii4,  wh«f«  Iha  facta  allagad  cooaiUuta 
fraud.* 

6.  Irr«laT«nt  maltar.*     fhick  maltar  may  b« 

'  rajactad    wMhonl   Injarv   lo    Iha    plaa<ting,  If 

wnolljr  foraign  lo  iha  cauaa,  or  rapagnaiil ;'  hul 

In  many  caaaa  Mattar  Mual  ba  etnvMl  aa  tiaiad, 

tf  ftalad.« 

y,  Thm  mallar  tMuA  nival  ba  tnia  aad  lua 
capdbltaf  praoft  bat  Ugnl  Adkiaa  whm  alluw- 
■M«  May  ba  Mnla4  aa  facia.* 

Hm  plaadlnga  •honi^  ba  according  lo  Iha 
•aUblUM  lum»J  TMa  mla  ia,  kowavar,  ona 
maralv  of  anttow,  aa  many  raiirlical  changaa 
hava  Man  wnd*  In  iha  varloaa  Sialaa  la  IM 
law  of  plaatilag.  Still,  rafcraaca  to  aa4  Mma 
lagard  for  old  nrma  will  ba  foand  qaila  Diafll- 
Mt.  la  ganaral.  Cicta  ahoold  ba  alalad  logic- 
ally, In  Ihair  natural  ^)T^^^*t,  with  cartaiaty, 
elaarly  m*!  >ll«lin«tly.  So  thai.  Iha  natty  WM 
la  lo  annwi  .  iha  aaart  and  jary,  w)  •  la  to  tiv 
Um  e««Ma,  nay  raadUy  aadcraianJ  what  M 
aiaaat'wtiht  t««Woa,*  and  with  bravily.k  Tha 
fccta  tiatad  >!h«(  not  ba  In4«fiaibl«  or  rapag- 
nani,*  n^n  umbitiiioaa  or  do  hlfU  In  aiaawiag,* 
n(«  araufliantaCvr,*  nor  by  ^ay  of  rtdlal )'  and 
should  lie  ttMini  accordint^  to  tkoir  tanil  aibct 
and  ofwratkia.*  A>  tu  0>f  tfmm  af  plaaaiwg,  MO 
GmwnAL  Staidtbs. 

Vm  aadwr  of  ploa^Hng  dliaral  ■allaw  la 
df  lapMtanra  aa  al^ctlaf  tha  dafcndant,  who 
may  apiMOt  iIm  irfatadff '•  anil  in  varioat  waya. 
ThatiftwiaatfelfaMni 

I.  To  tiMi  jiriiilrtaa  of  lU  aawt 


a.  To  dM  MiiyiHa,  ale.,  af  tka  Mrwmi  i 
r  tha  piaMit  a.  Of  tt«  dafandaw. 
-     ■       ■      -^a  ooMaiaiM. 
(hi  oOMr  w 


Of 
3.  Ta  tha 


eorract  de- 
to  ih« 


I  taaiiil    i|i.     *i  T.  K.  4|.    m-tA.  lUna 
Da.wl  9f-    Af  OaMh.  an;  «JTW  1- 


Ml.  lU: 

■a-i  »«*»  A 

f  «      C.  I«7 

«  <  abiirtw.  ■.  I 


«*  I- 

ii(i  a  La*. 


••I  Chitiy  n.  M*. 


^h! 


4*'i* 


u 


t. 


•Inllff'*  caaaa  af  aciioa  aa  It  ^ifMait  In  K<i 
tt  plaadlnn). 

4.  To  iha  writ  (or  aamNMina,  ate  )  1.  I'.i 
ih«  form  of  iho  wril.  IW«l  aiaitrr,  apfwrtnt  un 
iha  (ara  of  ll.  Harond  n<alt«r  not  »^<^m»\ng  on 
Iha  will.  t.  Tn  ih«  action  iif  Iha  writ. 
To  Iha  adUm  liMlf  In  bar. 
hia  la  iha  natural  iirdar  nf  plaading,  ht 
rauM  aai  h  •ulia«<|u«nl  pica  admiii  that  ihnr 
I*  no  fotindailtm  l^ir  iha  hmncr  *  An  tutey 
linn  aiUla  whara  mallar  la  |>l«ad«d  which  hii« 
arlvan  or  ciima  lo  ika  |>lalnUll"a  linawlad|[« 
tinea  Iha  la«t  coniinutinca,  or  alaca  iha  la>i 
Maga  of  Iha  tuit,  and  wharc  Iha  ■ubtact-Maltn 
I*  ona  cvar  which  Iha  cuuf*  ha*  *>  )ui'iadl<ll<m, 
a  fallara  lo  pland  inch  aaw  aaat-^  caaaol  con 
f4>r  lurlMllclMMi ' 

whaiavar  may  ba  Iha  namaa  glvan,  rain 
mada  by  coarta.  or  m«(h'«d*  uraacrtliad  by  the 
U|;l*lalHra,  or  '>ur»«i«d  by  iha  purtiaa,  ciMirt, 
or  junr.  Ilia  *n<.  i>f  pleading  la  dill  Iha  aamr, 
namely,  Iha  (imilucilon  of  oaa  or  mora  polni« 
In  iwua,  where  a  lingla  fact  I*  affirmed  by  nue 
■<any  and  denied  by  iha  oiherJ  Hee  Ouiuial 
STATUTM,  liila  Civil  I'lAtTiot 

In  CaiMiNAL  Pbacticb  Iha  rule*  of  plead 
Ing  are  the  laaia  aa  In  civil  prurllia  1  ihera  U, 
however,  laaa  liberty  of  aaiaiMlment  of  laiUcl- 
menu  and  ItafbrMallona, 

Tha  order  of  tha  doiMidanl'a  plaadlag  la  aa 

fotJnwtl 

I.  To '^  Jariadktion. 
•.  In  abaiaaMnt. 

3.  Special  pleaa  In  bar  »t.  frarmer  acqalllal, 
fenaar  coairictlcn,  pardon,  en. 

4,  Tha  general  iaatia.  Sea  GlNULiL  Sta 
TUT1DI,  title  Ckiminal  Pkacticb. 

In  Equity  IIiactick  plcadlaga  coaaM  in 
formal  written  allcgallona  or  atatamenta  of  (lie 
rtfpectlve  partlee  on  the  record  lo  maintain  lix 
mill,  or  to  defiiat  ll,  of  which,  when  «fmt<m*<t 
I «  matter*  of  (acta  IMy  pramae  la  oibr  1  '"i". 
and  la  wauen  of  law  to  eier  arfvmcnt<  1 
coart.*  Tha  aabatantial  oli)ect  of  picaji  ^^  < 
Iha  aaHM,  bal  Iha  fanna  and  ralca  of  pleading 
are  very  dlibeni  fai  law  and  In  equity  See 
Equity,  ome,  aad  OntsitAt.  STATirm,  title 
PtAcnoL 


faaBAiUMWn. 
t*a  MaMCAk  Law. 

Sea  CMlwnAi.  Law,  " 


Pay,  01*1*  Ma**,  a^ :  I  %M  V.  tea  j  it^ia.  «M :  ** 


»i»j    fhla,  Kv.  »<fe       a»  Ban    J*), 
Ca.  tM.y>3 ;    «  Kwt  f«'     R  Ca.  48,  >. 


»%  Cott*.  i|^ :  I  Dttw,  Ma    *^ 

4  B.  1  >,  I*..  I 


a^'i 


m*;   *H.  ftp.  «^;    Cs.'iin.  y»|;    tj'iaat,  ]af  I 


Hi**,  tfiu ;   I  li«iniiiN.  •»■. 

)5|.  r.jRuiw:  .04,  !     luivm.  i4«},    0n$lk.  m 


.J  P'A   «ii 

«-t3  »ii.  An    147;  ar  I 


TVfrtV 


W\ 


4 

4*5;   •< 
f  4.i> 


>Imm 


i«T« 


I.  «»4 :     4 

*^''«wa», 


4  •(llflN   M    It   ftliyMAn  In  Itii 

(or  MMHIOfM,  Mc  )  I.  To 
rril,  Ant  ataitfr,  t^imrffit  im 

Ik*  •rikm  tif  iIm  wHI. 
n  IImU  In  Mr. 

luraJ  iirtUf  <if  |il4Mi1illg.  hf 
uani  fii«a  ixlmiu  ihal  lkfi» 
fiir  th«  fcirtncr  *  An  turp 
maiKt  I*  ^il**!!**!  whlrh  ha* 
n  lk«  |)l«tnllff*t  hrMiwl«d|[<> 
nllnuiinc*.  or  tine*  iIm  U«i 
ind  «h«rc  Ika  lutiiMt'Maiid' 
III*  cuur*  ha*  •>  JurlMUclbm, 
•ttch  Mw  iMi  «T  caaaut  can 

h«  iIm  umiim  flTtii,  ruin 
r  mtth'Mii  urmcrllMd  by  lh« 
irMI«<i  l>y  tm  purllM,  court, 
if  pleading  U  Mill  lh«  Minr, 
ictloa  of  ua«  or  mora  poinit 
ilngia  (ket  ia  affirmed  by  on* 
tty  iIm  otharJ    S«a  Ukmual 

IVIt  I'lACTICB. 

PaAiTua  lh«  rulva  «>f  plaad 

U  la  civil  prMtticei  lh«r«  !•, 

irtv  of  aaiaadatani  of  indkt 

ilktaa. 

ba  ddbn^Bl'a  plaadiag  t»  aa 

iktloa. 
t. 

I  la  bar,  ac,  fflnnar  acquittal, 
,  narditn,  etc. 
iMu«.    Sc«  Genolal  Sta 

IWAL  PKACTKK. 

ACTICB  picadlaga  coaaiat  in 
•gailona  or  atatamanta  of  ih« 
on  iba  racord  lo  Balntain  ib<< 
M,  of  wlitch,  whan  eoRt««c<l 
I  wajr  imeoaa  to  oiinr  y  >ol>. 
law  lo  emr  atfaanmii  thr 
aUtttial  otifact  of  plead  u>|(  in 
ibnaa  aa4  nJat  of  |d«adir>K 
to  lav  and  In  equity  Bcc 
4  OminiAL  Statutw,  tiile 


lUMitn. 

NMCAtLAlK 

aaaaca. 

•  CaiiURAL  La«.  ' 


■•«M. 


?:!•.•  !«.••«,«  Ah., 
;   n Coaa.  ui^i  I>Mf,  BM_  «, 

"Ua  Ibrr.  MtTi  d'  il  k  i^l 

Ur*  jfc :   »  Ca.  «»,  ♦,     »Cm'% 
Cs.tki.  jm;    !3laM.}0fi     .- 

us.   nCoiw.«tij   iMaiMaM 

V.  «■'■     a-Co.  tltt.  joji  g  Mackr 

.     !  ...  Kc.rn.  i^t).     iHMpb.  PI 
,3     ijpie*   ti»  '  i$l8».«i|;«" 

fc-«j  J«.  An    t4f  J  4t  Ha.  i-^ 
»M,    •   f*.«««.  MSivi    1  OMaiCa*. 

jifo*  5HJ  i»M. «i  Ttttey 
tt*:    4  lava,  >  A     i-M^  A  a. 


>■♦<-»*•», 


■a-M 


IMtACnCK-ilKAI.  I'HUI-KIITV. 


I  ffca«*> 


p4*ar*a.  Ma*  AvrmHitrf 
ra««»  af  A*t«f  ••y.  » 

PB  %4Tn<1B.  laa  Caaraiaim 
i"«ia 

I^Ai.Tlca  la  lh«  fiirm,  raannar,  ami  urtirt  In 
whirii  lagal  or  ••(MlUld*  |jr>ic»mllnaa  ar«  In 
oiialad.  iimdacitil,  and  cnncladcd  In  Ika 
««rloaa  c.wrta,  wKalhar  tWil,  iilmlnal,  or 
.-liiltal.la,  acnitdlng  to  lh«  rvlaa  |>ra»crllMid  by 
Ilia  law  and  In  «u<.h  e.mrn.  It  inclado*  jurla- 
ilicibm,  llmllalion,  iMrtiaa,  and  pleading.  A 
irtilad,  Hntr<>rm,  ami  i<jng  omitnurti  practica, 
wMllottt  objacllun,  it  a«ldan««  of  wlial  Iha  Uw 
It)  aad  (MCh  pracika  I*  ImmcI  on  prlnrlplra 
M  lil«ll  ata  Mwadatl  in  Juatka  and  coNvantanca.* 


i««  AtrtMirarrv 

laiay.  «•••  M «■  Iaw 

-  ilMMan.  »••  Chimihal  La»,  ' 

ll»S,'   Mi. 

^Prmmtm/m,  %m  CoavafAncaa.  "DaMb, 

^VMMMaa.  Ma  lMnia*ma. 

•"•■aawt.  >>••  Bun,  Runaa.  Aa» Noraa. 

■M|i«|«aM.  y-m  KviiKMca. 
I*  %m  l.ii*rni«t  r». 

•'••ia.  *»•  I'.vinaMca. 

nja.  H««  Ai.vNt  V 
arjr   Mmtmm.   Hm  ■uu,  BoNoa,  anh 

8m    i>aaauN«L   Ktwaaili    lla<kw 
.arc. 

BMCntn«*<Tm 
__j  »iii».  Ho«iM,  «HD  Nrrrar 

.-,_  ->.  "    ""  ""  0*'«A«o»^.  Coa»a». 

AHcai,  arc 

<MMI<  Miiix 

•■•«>  3M  k  .  ,u.in.a. 

t|«*l«<%«»l»gr.  Hw  MaiMiAi  I.4W. 
!!    ■"^f*',>**"P»«««'*"^""''»»»*"cai"Daa<a." 
i«t«i(  «'l«kr«a.  tiMCaMvavANcaa,  "OaxJb." 
4wa*<»>laaia.  •MAwraaajtlH. 
4i«ll»>ta|r.,  tm  BAlLMrrra. 
Waa* ,  Saa  CaiMlMAl.  Ij>w. 
iMMaMMMb  haAcra;  AoaHnr. 

a,  afc  ,  <-'un- 


Paapaaiy. 
^anraarvi  arc 


rainirr. 
L  Uw, " 


irtng 


vnAMcaa.aic,|  FaMOMAi.  Pbovhitv. 

Rkal  raomiTV  includaa   land  and  what 
ever  ia  «racUd  or  growing  Ibaraon,  and  w»<  ■ 
•var  ia  aboaa  or  banaatb  Iha  aurfaca  tbercui 
incloiling  bonaaa  atanding  and  ireca  gt 
upon  tJia  lund  bat  not  challr!    like  uttsck 
a  fans,  or  fumitura  in  a  bous«.     li  >«ia*a  Md 
eren  growing  Ireta  -nay  acquire  tba  tbaniaiii 
of  panKMia!  propany:    and  varioaa   «JMtld«. 
originally  myrablo,  May  acqaira  Uia  ch  -ncter 
of  raal  DroMtv.  Thw  a  dwaUiaf-bowae  r  ectert 
upon  Iba  fand  of  awMbar  wicb  Vk  aaaaat,  w  Uia 
l>«»»oi««l  propartf  of  tba  baiM«r.k     So,  if  a 
nonery«Mi  |daM  iraaa  for  tba  pu  ,Maa  of  grow- 
ing  than  for  mriMt.  upon  laad  hirad  by  him, 

whlla  gnmtog,  piaMad  by  tba  ownar  of  tba 

*^*,^tl  !***"'•?«*'••'  property  J  bat  if 
tuid  by  bfas  when  fit  fer  barvaMiog  cbay  baeoma 


ji«raa«tal,<  and  a  taia  of  larb  cmpa,  ibixigh  mil 
M  i>n  harvvM,  aa  parwmal,  \*  giHxt  •     H»t,  Iraaa 
untwing,  Ihuttgb    aui    in   a   niirMry,  may  lia 
•  lii>nK«d  Inluiha  category  of  |wr««nal  |>rti|i«rly, 
If  Mtid  l«  b*  cut  wUhiiul  any  right  tu  liava  thani 
<)4>id  lo  iici'uiiy  tha  land  '    Hut  If  tha  iiwnar  iif 
Und  InboMiid  ih*  lr*>*||ri>wlngth«r«iinloan' 
olhar  and  Ma  kain,  lu  ba  cut  al  ku  pl««*ur«,  tha 
|>ri>|i«ny  in  tka  Iraaa  winiUI  Iw  raal  •  1  ha  aania 
rula  would  i«|>|tly  l.i  pri)|i«riy  in  faa  In  a  dwell- 
ing kouaa,  though  Iha  «wii«r  only  kaa  iha  rljjhl 
tu  kava   It  Uaiid  upon  Iha    land  of  amMlicr. 
And  ona  laav  own  a  chan«liar  in  a  houaa  aa  hia 
•e|iaraU  rt-al  *«t<iia  »     S.),  a  largo  cIjm  of  ar* 
ticlaa   twiiiinallv  wholly   movable,  aiut    which 
mny  ha  al  tha  lima  cvan  diM-onnaciad  wiik  tha 
land,  may  ba  rrgardad  aa  real  profwrty,  from 
having  been  Ativd  or  aciiially  a|>t>liad  to  uta  in 
cunnacllon  with  real   miai*,  auch  aa  key*  in 
totka    fantanad  u|>on  doora )    mill  aumaa    an^ 
Irooa,  thuuKk  taktn  out  of  lb*  mill  for  repair. 
Ingi    window  biinda,    tkough    tem|Niiarily    re. 
moved  from  the  houM)   and    fra[,m»iii«  of  a 
dwellins-hiHwe  dealruyed  by   •  tein[ir»t)>  and 
a  convi-vBiice  of  a  ••  law  milt      wiih  the  land, 
paaaad  Iron  ban  and  chaitia  then  in  It,  which 
bad  been  fitted  for  and  used  in  operating  li.^ 
See  verioua  aubjrcta,  below 

Abanuunbd  I  ANti.  M«a  Drbiuct,  rrc., 
helow. 

Aovusa  «N^  .YiiitNT  (or  paa«««alon  or  aa- 
arclaa  of  an  eaaement  or  privuVige  ,,nitr  a 
claim  of  right  againat  the  owner  ot  the  land 
oat  01  which  the  eaacmRnt  ia  derived)*  If  open* 
ar.d  contiaaed  nnintcmiptedly"  for  Ike  temi 
of  twei  jr  y»ar»,  rslnei  a  concluoive  preaump- 
tloo  i4  a  grant,  |)rovided  tkat  Ibcte  waa,  during 
(lie  time,  KMntt  ona  in  exiatenca.  In  poaaaaalon, 
and  occiHwf  m,  who  waa  not  under  dlaabiliiy 
to  realm  ,hf  «•«,» 

Anv  K8«  iroMuaioN,  or  tba  anjoymant  of 
lan.t  (  aach  eaiaia  aa  may  b«  conveyed,  etc., 
«n.i -i  Huch  •ir:umatance8  a*  to  indicate  that 
»Hi  r»  enjoyment  haa  been  comnMtaccd  and  con- 
tinued under  an  aaaertlon  or  color  of  right  on 
tba  part  of  tba  poaaea«.ir.*  When  actual »  and 
haa  Iwan  adveraa  for  twenty  yeara,  of  which  a 
jury  are  to  judge  from  th-s  ctrcumitancaa,  iha 
law  raiaea  the  preaumpiiun  of  a  granl.e  Uui 
thii  preauiaitlicHi  anaea  only  whrn  the  uae  or  oc- 
cupaiioM  would  otherwKe  bav,;  Ijeen  unlawful ' 

iViaaaaaioa  it  not  adveraa:  i.  When  both 
partly*  claim  under  the  aaaie  title.*  a.  When 
the  poaaaaaion  of  the  one  |Mutv  i<  contieient  with 
the  title  of  the  other.*  3.  Whan,  in  contem- 
plotloa  of  law,  the  claimiint  haa  never  been  out 
of  poaaeaaion  *  4.  When  tha  o<?cupler  baa  ac- 
knowledged xw.  clft     «nte'  titlea.' 


S4« :  •  •■  k  C.  |iy  I  a  Boav.  Ian.  aa.  .ijj,  aim.  •«!. 


6u 


REAL  I'KOPERTY. 


Alt  U  not  •  subject  of  property ;  it  belong* 
equally  to  all  men,  being  indispensable  to  their 
existence.  But  no  man  has  a  tight  to  use  the 
air  over  another  man's  land  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  be  injurious  to  him.  And  to  puison  or 
materiallT  change  the  air,  to  the  annoyance  of 
the  public,  is  a  nuisance/  An  easement  of 
light  and  air  coming  over  the  land  of  another 
cannot  be  acquired  by  prescription  in  the 
United  States,*  though  the  rule  is  otherwise 
in  England.* 

Alluvion  is  that  gradual  and  imperceptible 
increase  of  the  earth  on  a  shore  or  bank  of  a 
river,  by  the  force  of  water,  as  the  current  or 
waves  (alluvion  differs  from  avulsion  in  this, 
the  latter  is  sudden  and  perceptible).  Such  in- 
crease is  CO  gradual  that  no  one  can  judge  how 
much  is  added  at  each  moment  of  time.'  The 
proiMrietor  of  the  bank,  increased  by  the  ollu- 
yipn,  is  entitled  to  the  addition,  this  being  re- 
garded as  the  equivalent  for  the  lost  he  may 
sustain  for  the  breaking  in  or  encroachment  <a 
the  waters  upon  his  land.*  The  increase  is 
to  be  divided  among  riparian  proprietors  by 
the  following  rule  i  Measure  the  whole  extent 
of  their  ancient  line  on  the  river,  and  ascertain 
how  manv  feet  each  prqmetor  owned  on  this 
line;  divide  the  newly-formed  river  line  in 
equal  parts,  and  appropriate  to  each  proprietor 
as  many  c^  these  ports  as  he  owned  feet  on  the 
old  line,  and  then  draw  lines  from  the  points 
at  which  tbe  proprietors  respectively  bounded 
on  the  old  to  tJ>e  points  thus  determined  as  the 

Kints  of  divisioh  on  the  newly-fiinned  shore, 
applying  thu  rale  allowance  must  be  made 
for  the  projectioos  and  indentations  on  the  old 
line.*  when  the  increase  is  instantaneous,  it 
belongs  to  the  State,  upon  the  gnwnd  that  it 
was  a  part  ot  the  bed  of  the  river  of  which  it 
is  proprietor.*  Sea-weed  which  U  thrown  upon 
the  beach,  partaking  of  the  natnre  of  alluvion, 
belong!  to  tha  owner  of  the  beach.*  But  sea- 
weed bdow  low-water  nuHJc,  on  the  bed  of  a 
navigable  river,  belonM  to  the  public' 

ApPtniTSMAHCU.     See  CONVKVANCES. 
,   Amm  an  eBcIosed  yards  or  openings  in 
)iouses;  idso,.  open  jitim  adji^n&ig  to   the 
house.* 

AWLUON,  or  the  tenring  away  or  removal 
of  a  considerable  quantity  of  soil  mm  the  land 
of  one  nun,  and  itt  dcpoait  upon  or  annexation 
to  the  land  of  taoOua,  suddenly  and  by  the 
perceptible  actioB  til  the  water,'  does  not  de- 

Y-Cro.  Car.  s»!  »  '-*••  *?3'"-  "*3!   *  P»>r-3i%i 

I  Sir.  «86 ;  Dane  Abr.    W-6  Gray,  ass  S  **  U.  ]t| ;  • 

to  Bub.  S43 :  «>  Wena.  (ij ;  lold,  300:  4 


S^ra*' 
>Gra) 
,«:    >pBwb.s43:  » J  Weft-.™.,,  .,.«,  ,--i  , 
Sandf.  Ch.  ^3! ;  •  Coon.  59;  t  lO  W-  »7 ;  *  Orccne  Ch. 


Wsliii,  3 


57 :  I  Dudl.  fji !  s  Wsl«-J}."J  ••  Ms.  4)6:  u  MO,  i  ; 
10  Ala.  (N.  8.) if.  »■*  ai.  i  B.  30 ;  •£■  •jTrnMb. k. 
Prop.  6>.  ft  Mf .    jr-Iait.  1,  lI.  t.  |  so;  3  B:  ft  C.  ei. 

&  J.  »49:  4  Plel".  sra;  «T  W.  4» :  »  Hawto,  s*;  <li«f^ 
tin,  19  i  II  Ohio.  311 :  10  Pet.  Ml  ;^  I  wheat.  |la.  m- 
;*  n«k.  4> ;  9  ^\M  :*J  Vt.  3»7.  Iji*  Ala.  9 1  •  «. 
Comdi.te.     •■7^et.(liMB.)373j|^eJol)iw.3n;  sB. 

~  iiMUtt. 


IreJofcM.)* 
QUtqp  Fr.  17 


prive  the  first  owner  of  the  property  thus  torn 
away  or  removed.* 

Uenchbs.    See  Waitr,  below. 

BiTTUtMKMTt  are  improvcmenU  of  a  higher 
character  than  mere  repin,*  and  also  denote 
additional  value  which  the  property  acquirti 
frtMnn  some  public  improvement,  as  laying  out, 
widening,  etc.,  streets,  etc. 

BouNDAKit*!  are  those  separations,  natural 
or  artificial,  which  mark  the  oonfines  or  line 
of  two  contiguous  estates,'  and  those  objects 
placed  or  existing  at  the  angles  of  the  bound- 
ary linea  Boundaries  are  frequently  denoted 
by  monuments  fixed  at  the  angles ;  in  such 
case  the  connecting  lines  are  always  presamed 
to  be  straight,  unless  described  to  M  other- 
wise^ 

Art^ltUi  btmtdarits  are  thois  erected  by 
man ;  the  ownership  in  case  of  such  botinda- 
ries  must  of  coune  turn  mainly  upon  circum- 
stances peculiar  to  each  case,'  ({enerally  ex- 
tending to  the  centre.'  A  tree  stamling  directly 
on  the  line  is  the  joint  property  of  both  pro- 
prietors {■■  otherwise,  where  .it  only  stands  so 
near  that  the  rooU  penetrate.*  Land  bounded 
on  a  highway  extends  to  the  centre,  thoiigh  a 
private  street,*  unless  the  description  oxcliides 
the  highway.'  See  CouKsui  Ltms  and 
Coknrm;  MoNiniKMTS;  bdow. 

NatmrtU  bctrnd^lHa  are  natural  trfijacts  re- 
maining where  they  were  placed  by  nature.  A 
river  or  stream  ia  a  natural  boundary,  and  the 
centre  of  Ae  stream  is  the  line.« 

The  order  of  marshalling  boundaries  is  as 
follows  I 

I.  The  highest  regard  is  had  to  Mtnrsl 
boundaries. 

a.  To  Unas  actually  nm  and  oomcia  ouuked 
at  the  time  of  the  grant. 

).  If  the  lines  and  courses  of  an  adjoining 
tract  arc  called  for,  the  lines  will  be  extendeiT, 
if  tuey  are  soflkiently  established,  and  no 
other  departure  iWmi  the  deed  ia  required, 
preference  being  given  to  marked  lines. 

4.  To  connwa  and  distances.' 

nrol  evidence  Is  oft«n  admisslUe  to  idenliiy 
and  asotttain  the  iooality  of  aranimentt  called 
for  by  a  deaoiptioii  ;■  and  where  tiie  daseiittion 
ia  ambigiiow  tM  parties  BMT  be  shown,*  Cooi- 
mon  reputation  buht  Iw  iadmitted  to  identify 
monuments,  especially  if  of  a  poUic  or  ques- 
tionable naton.* 


ndcs! 


519;  •  Waihb.  R.  Pn^, 
?jl;^tB.ftC..,9..   - 


ri 


iOhio,4l!n    I 

V5TI 


Met.  C,  C. 
'mwtfQs  jilt 


GiMri.Cv.|<ir.    f>«Ourii 
Jekas.  4Mi  ««  Cgf.»; 

ht.  3«6;  sH.]|jri9S.a4^  As««aMai^>j 


M.as7.    As  SB  saaiSjw,  tm%.VSm.ii*V  ^  Cwy. 

Hawks,  M«;  D*e 
Id.  ati:  sA-IO 


-"i"*" 


aU:  •  A.K..  Mank,   . 
34ti(Mi)l,4»7;  ifM^, 


NHt.  Kv.  I  iu<  a.    VM*^"* 
kto.  ale. 


«->< 


of  the  propen/  ihni  iorn 

UTR,  below. 

Improvcmenti  of  a  higher 
repoin,*  •nd  kUo  denote 
:h  the  property  Mquirci 
>rovement,  m  laying  out, 
,  etc. 

hose  teparaiiont,  natural 
ark  the  oonfinci  or  line 
tate*,'  and  thoae  objects 
be  tnKlet  of  the  bound- 
:»  are  frequently  denoted 
nt  the  angloJi  in  «uvh 
DM  are  always  pnsamed 
I  described  to  M  oner- 

Ut  are  those  eitctad  by 
in  case  of  such  bouQda- 
nm  mainly  upon  drcom- 
ach  case,'  {{enerally  cx- 
'  A  tree  sUoding  directly 
int  property  <rf  Eoth  pro- 
where  ,it  only  stands  so 
netrate,*  Land  boanded 
I  to  the  centre,  though  a 
the  description  excludes 
CoURSKSf  LlNIS  and 
m;  bdow. 

V  are  natural  objects  re- 
rere  placed  by  nature.  A 
Atnral  boundary,  and  the 
s  the  Iine.4 

ihalling  boundaries  b  ss 

^aid  is   had  to  natiural 

Y  ran  and  oomcn  oiarlied 
nt 

i  courses  of  an  adjoinine 
« lines  will  be  extended, 
idy  esublisked,  and  no 
1  the  deed  is  requiicd, 
n  to  marked  lines, 
distances.' 

ftenadmissibk  to  identity 
ility  of  moBttments  callca 
and  where  flie  daiettotion 
hss  nMty  be  shown.*  Con- 
'ha  iadmitted  to  identify 
y  if  of  A  pablk  or  Ques- 

,  fc*.  l1.5Tauat.soi  3  Id 
Hul.]09;  tfCMui.4n.  as-ii 
I.  ft  M.  Hs;  a  Rwsi  14* i  ' 
Cwk.  tni  t  8aad£  mi,  i?4. 

n/  4PtrJca«|;  iWHf*- 


REAL  PROPERTY. 


•13 


Buck  Eakth.  See  Wastk,  below. 
BuiUMNOs.  Every  edifice  erected  or  fixed 
i|)on  or  over  the  soil,  whether  composed  of 
utone,  brick,  marble,  wood,  pr  other  proper 
ittbitance  connected  together  and  designed  for 
use  in  the  position  in  which  it  is  erected  or 
fixed,  is  an  accessory  to  the  soil,  and  is  therefor 
real  estate  and  belongs  to  the  owner  of  the 
8oil.»    See  Imnd;  Waste,  below. 

Caveat    Emptok.      ("Let  the    purchaser 
take  heed,"  that  in,  let  the  person  buying  see 
that  the  title  be  good.)*     In  every  sale  ofreal 
property  a  purchaser's  right  to  relief  at  law  or 
in  equity  on  account  of  defects  or  incumbrances 
in  or  upon  the  property  sold,  depends  solely 
upon  the  covenanU  for  title  which  he  has  re- 
ceived," unless  there  be  a  fraud  on  the  part  of 
the  vendor.' 
Clav.    See  Waste,  below. 
Coal.    See  Wastk.  below. 
Coasts,  or  margins  of  a  country  bounded  by 
the  sea,  include  the  natural  appendages  of  the 
territory  which  rbe  out  of  the  water,  although 
they  are  not  of  sufficient  firmness  to  be  in- 
habited or  fortified.  Shoal%  perpetually  covered 
with  water  are  not,  hovrever,  oompnhended 
under  the  name  of  coast.    The  small  islands 
situate  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  com- 
posed of  earth  and  trees  driiVed  down  by  the 
river,  which  are  not  of  sufficient  consistency  to 
support  the  purposes  of  life,  and  uninhabited, 
though  resorted  to  for  shooting  birds,  are  a 
part  of  the  coast.* 

CoKKttATiONs.  In  <wse  of  corporations, 
the  same  property  may  auume  charr.ter  of 
both  real  and  penonal.  Thus,  if  a  corporatiou 
bold  real  estate,  such  as  a  mill  or  banking 
louse,  it  would  be  in  the  hands  of  the  corpora- 
tion real  estate,  but  as  constituting  a  part  of  the 
property  owned  and  reprcaented  in  the  ixn  of 
stock  fajr  die  Beaben  coostitnting  the  body  of 
the  comntiou  it  is  pcrsoof^l  estate.*  But  the 
shares  in  corporate  property  nw  be  real  estate 
when  declared  to  be  so  by  the  charter  oeating 
it,  or  when  the  corpontioD  is  morely  coasU- 
tuted  to  hold  and  buumm  laads.^ 

CODBSis  are  directieaB  of  a  Hoc  whh  lefer- 
ence  to  a  meridian.  Where  then  am  no  monu- 
ments, ^  land  must  be  booaded  fav  the  eousct 
sad  disteaeea  meeHnted  in  the  mtent  or  deed.* 
When  the  lines  are  actually  narked,  ttey  must 
be  adhered  to,  though  ther  vary  from  the  coarse 
mentioned  in  the  deed."  See  Botn«iuiiuts, 
st>ove, 
Ckeks  are  leaser  stmns  than  rivets.*    A 


W-Taybr. 


X-Sl«d.V«Bdl. 

■  "        Salk. 


F. 


•54. 


«40vsM.mj  yWhas*.;. 


Hinr.  &  J.  th 

•■IS  Pick.  i»it  Ctmp,  I 


liltl 


creek  paning  through  a  deep,  level  maisL,  and 
navigable  by  small  craft,  may,  under  legislative 
suthority,  be  obstructed  by  a  dam,  or  wholly 
tilled  UD  and  converted  into  house  lots,  sucn 
obstructions  not  being  in  conflict  with  any  act 
of  Congress  t\  plating  commerce.' 

Curtesy  is  the  estste  to  which  a  man  is  en- 
titled by  common  law,  on  the  death  of  his 
wife,  in  the  lands  or  tenements  of  which  she 
was  seised  in  possession  in  fee  simple  or  other- 
wise during  their  coverture,  provided  they 
have  had  lawful  issue  bom  alive  which  might 
have  been  capable  of  inheriting  the  est«te.  It 
is  the  freehold  estote  for  the  term  of  hi^  .atural 
life.s    See  title  Conveyances,  ante. 

CiniTiLAOB  it  the  encloacd  space  immedi- 
ately surrounding  a  dwelling-house,  contained 
within  some  enclosure.* 
Deeds.    See  title  Conveyances,  ante. 
Dbrbuct  Land  is  that  which  is  abandoned 
or  diverted  bv  iu  former  owner.    Also  land 
left  uncovered  by  the  receding  of  water  from 
iu  fonaer  bed.^    When  left  so  by  degrees  the 
derelict  land  belongs  to  the  owner  of  the  soil 
adioining;  but  when  the  sea  retires  suddenly 
it  belongs  to  the  government.' 
DBVtsi.    See  COnvxvancei,  "  Wills." 
Detainee  is  the  withholding  of  possession 
of  real  property  from  its  owner.    ThU  may  be 
either  lawful  and  peaceable,  or  unlawAil  and 
forcible.    The  deuiner  is  lawful  where  the  en- 
try baa  been  lawful,  and  the  estate  is  held  by 
virtue  of  some  right.    It  is  unlawful  and  forci- 
ble where  the  entry  has  been  unlawful  and 
with  force,  and  ii  is  retained  by  force  against 
right;    or  even  where   the   entry  haa  been 
peaceable  and  lawful,  if  the  deteiner  be  by 
force  and  against  ririit  <  as,  if  a  tenant  at  will 
Hhonld  detain  with  force  after  the  will  has  de- 
termined, he  will  be  guil^  of  a  forcible  de- 
tainerJ 

A  foRJUe  entry  or  detainer  constsu  of  the 
unlawfiil  or  forcible  taking  or  keeping  paaites- 
sion  cf  laada  or  tenements  by  means  of  threats, 
force,  or  arma,  and  without  authority  of  law.' 
If  a  party  enter  peaceably,  and  then  turn  oat 
the  possessor  far  force,  or  frighten  him  oat  of 
the  poascssioa  br  threats,  it  b  a  forcible  eatir.' 
As  to  tordble  detainer,  the  same  videnoe  or 
terror  which  will  make  an  entry  forcible  will 
also  make  a  detainer  fbrciU'v."  A  forcible 
entry  and  a  forcible  detainer  are  separate  and 
dbtinct  causes  of  actkm  and  offences.*  Force, 
either  actually  applied  or  justly  to  be  feared 
from  the  conduct  of  the  defendant,  b  essential 

-s  Urn. 


M.    r-a  Pat. 

fMan.)sM:  a 

Cask,  ail'  4  liT'Com.  mm: 


I  Pldt. 
lit.  tn 


iSo: 


^. ai  td,  144: 

mgiiwamiau.mit:    IM  4B.  ft  AM.  < 

R.  Pla|i._is9.     x-Sm  nouat  Jpda 
I  HaUPTCr 


^"••Si»^  »i<i.^;'^. *»■%';"■(?*' 

ITiwk^  PI.  C^r.  Ck.  fa,  I  ■■ 
1.  s]  I  Cow.  a 


^.  s 

CooHa. 

.  tap:  I  (ML 
.._.  _il»t,  Cl.  $|e.^  Jj. 


r*t>ii 


tBiiiiniiii'Sini  Kimi 


«I4 


REAL  PROPERTY. 


to  tupport  the  action  or  proMcntion.*  Gcnar- 
ally,  tne  person  hnvino'  the  right  of  po«M»tion 
to  land  entered  U|x>n  oy  Miotner,  or  kept  from 
him  unlawfully  by  »  tenant  holding  >)ver,  may 
enter  and  take  potseaaion,  tiling  aa  tnuch  force 
aa  may  be  necetaary  for  that  parpoae  i  provided, 
that  in  lo  doing  he  commita  no  act  anMMniing 
to  a  breach  of  the  peace,  or  leading  directly 
thereto.'  See  Eitatis  at  SumftANCB,  b«- 
Idw. 

'  Doom.    See  Wavtb,  below. 
f  DovKHouBB.    See  Waits,  below. 
'  Dkainagb  through  another  man'a  land  can 
only  be  had  under  legialaUva  Mthority,  or 
where  the  right  ia  granted  or  esiata  bgr  pre- 
icrlption,<  or  by  conaent  of  the  owner. 

Dkippino  water  from  one  honac  npon  another 
can  only  b«  allowed  where  the  owner  hM  ac- 
quired Uie  right  bjr  grant  or  preacrintion  {  and 
no«ne  haa  a  right  to  conatnwt  hinonse  *o  aa 
{o  let  the  water  drip  over  hia  neighbor*!  land.' 

EAaBMENTS  are  righta  in  the  owner  of  one 
parcel  of  land,  bf  reason  of  inch  ownerahip,  to 
nie  the  land  of  another  for  a  apacial  purpoee 
not  inooniiitent  with  the  general  property  of 
aucfa  owner.*  Eatementa  are  aa  varlona  aa  the 
exigenciea  of  domeatic  convenience  or  the  pur- 
poeca  to  which  buildingi  or  laada  may  be  ap- 
plied. 

The  following  eaaemanta  or  rig^  attach  to 
land  aa  inddcnta  or  ammrteaaacca,  via.t 

I.  Paatnra  in  other  bad. 

a,  FUhing  ia  other  watera. 

3.  Taking  gaaw  on  other  land. 

4.  Taking  wood,  aiiaerala,  or  other  pipdaoe 
.of  the  ioil,  from  other  land. 

%.  Receiviag  air,  light,  or  heat  from  or  over 
•ther  land. 

6.  Receiving  or  diacharging  water  over,  or 
having  aopport  to  bnildinga  froaa,  other  laud. 

7.  Going  on  other  land  to  clear  a  aiill- 
■tream,  or  repair  ita  banki. 

8.  To  draw  water  froaa  a  mning  there,  or  do 
aooM  other  act  not  involving  owtienh^ 

9.  Carrying  oa  aa  oAeadve  trade.* 

la  B«oriiv  iB  •  dnurck  or  a  paitieakHr 
vault* 

SooM  of  thew  U9  a&mtive  or  poaitive; 
that  ia,  autharitiag  Uie  noiBWiiwIwi  «f  wett  on 
the  landi  of  aaollier  actaalljr  iat^idom  to  it; 
a8,aiiriitofway;  or  aMMtiv•,beiagaBfyoon• 
•c(tuentnr  injurtona;  aa,  JoAiAUnm  the  oemer 
firgm  boiMing  to  the  obatractioB  oClifH  to  the 
dormant  (or  existing)  tencaicat* 

All  einementa  muat  originate  in  a  gt^nt  of 
the  propeity,  or  aa  wreemeat,  exprem  or  iat- 
plied,  of  the  owner  oT the  aervioit  (or  8<riiordi- 

«hsC«l.is6,   l^>J9Mlr,gM;fta|.CL.elair 


T.X.  4»i :  •  FoJK'<ir«?['ij^; 


w 


(itm,}t.  •-W, 


^&. 


•l<«i  9 


M.  C«MB.  tt^     x-e  WMh.  sTfiaf .  sMo^  t^ 


nate)  tenement.  The  evidence  ct  their  exi^i 
cnce,  by  the  common  law,  nuy  be  by  prdof  1^ 
the  agieement  itielf,  or  by  preacrintion  rcquir 
ing  actual  and  nninterrapted  etjogrment  im 
memorially,  or  for  upararm  of  twennr  yean,  to 
the  extent  of  the  eaaement  claimed,  from  which 
a  grant  is  implied.  A  negative  easement  doei 
not  admit  of  possession ;  use  therefore  b  not 
essential  to  ita  existence." 

EasemenU  are  extinguished!  i.  By  releaw. 
3.  By  n  erger,  when  ihe  two  tenementa  or  par- 
oles of  lau^  are  united  nnder  the  same  title 
and  to  the  aame  person.  3.  By  neceseily,  as 
by  a  license  to  the  servient  owner  to  do  some 
act  inconsistent  with  ita  existence.  4.  By  cck 
Mtioa  of  enjoyment,  when  ac«)Bired  bv  pre- 
scription, the  non-user  being  evidence  at  a  re- 
lease, when  the  abandonment  haa  continued  a* 
least  aa  long  aa  the  user  from  which  the  right 
arose.  In  some  caaea  a  shorter  time  will  suf- 
iice.' 

Eminbnt  domain  is  a  power  to  taka  jjirivalc 
property  for  public  uas/  which  exiata      -.  iw 
cases  where  public  convenience  or  ! 
denumds  ita  exercise.*    This  right  ma;,  k 
cised  apoa  both  corporeal  property,  aa  kbdi,  or 
incorporeal,  aa  franchiaea.* 

Emfaient  domain  ia  distinguished  from  pub- 
lic -domaia,  which  ia  property  owned  absolutely 
bv  the  StaU  la  the  aame  manaer  aa  an  indi- 
vidual hol<b  Us  property.* 

EimT.    See  DBTAiNn,  above. 

Eqvitv  or  RKDBMPTinN  is  a  right  wUch  s 
mortgagee  of  property,  or  iher  peiaoa  having 
aa  iaterest  in  it,  has  of  redeeadog  it  alter  it 
haa  been  fiarfeited  at  law  by  the  aoa-pqment 
of  the  mmuj  Mcured  when  dae,  wkh  iatermt 
aadeoata.  Any  penoa  who  ia  iatareatad  fai  the 
nmrtgMed  prc^erty,  or  any  part  of  it,  or  who 
haa  a  ugal  eatate  therein,  or  a  l«gBl  or  eqait- 
able  Uen  thereon,  provided  he  eoMB  in  as 
privy  (a  aartaker,  penofi  interaited,  ete.)  ia 
estate  with  the  aiortgMor,  may  cx^rciae  the 
ri^  Theaf  iadude  beiia,  davkeei.  execu- 
tMB,  admiaiatnton,  aad  amjgaaii  of  the  awit- 
gagor;*  sahaeqaent  {acnmbruioaai*  jadg^aent 
creditont*  tenaatsfcr  yaats;'  ajaateam^i  dew- 
aad  taaaat  hjr  carteay;*  one  having  an 


Eaciow.    See  CdirvtVAiKn,  aate. 
EtTATSs  amy  be  limited  ia  daiatioB  Id  tte 
life  of  one'a  aelf-to  the  Ufe  of  awiAar,  or 

OtkMI^ 

■ m  ooMHON  are  theae  held  ia  joint 

poaaaiskm  by  two  or  mora  pacMM  at  dw  mmm 
time  fay  aeviml  and  diatiact  titlaa.» 


■v,-r- 


be  ttvUl«ic«  ot  (heir  ni^i 
m  law,  may  b«  by  prdof  ii( 
,  or  by  pr««crip(ion  rcquir 
ntermpted  myogrOMnt  im 
p«r«nu  of  Iwmtjr  ytan,  to 
nncnt  claimed,  from  which 

A  negative  eawmenl  doe< 
•iont  ttMs  therefore  it  not 
mce.* 

tingnithedi  i.  By  releaw. 
I  the  two  tenements  or  per- 
lited  cnder  the  lune  title 
trfton.  3.  By  ncceaeity,  as 
lervient  owner  to  do  tome 
I  it*  exietence.  4.  By  cev 
t,  when  acquired  faw  pre- 
ter  being  evidence  of  a  re- 
ndonment  hat  continncd  •• 

naer  from  which  the  right 
ict  a  ihoftcr  time  will  »uf- 

I  b  a  power  to  take  ^srivsle 
v»s/  which  exiits 
coitvenience  or  : 
!.■   This  right  ma;.  ;, 
poreal  property,  a*  kbit,  or 
Jilscs.> 

is  distinguished  fi-om  pub- 
property  owned  afasoltttely 
same  manaer  aa  an  indi- 
perty.» 

TAINBB,  above. 
tMrTin>4  is  a  right  which  s 
ity,  or  >iher  persoa  having 
IS  of  rcdecaung  it  after  tt 
It  law  by  the  aoa-pqfmcnt 
id  when  dne,  wMi  iaierctt 
MB  who  is  ittterasted  in  lh« 
,  or  any  part  of  it,  or  who 
herein,  or  a  kfal  or  aqnit- 
provided  he  eotas  in  si 
persofi  iatefaalMl,  ««&)  in 
irtgagor,  may  exercise  the 
ide  Mils,  dariaees,  exece- 
aad  aislgwaes  of  the  mort- 
iaciimb(Mca»{*  jodpient 
r  yean;' ajaaitoaaat*  daw- 


REAL  PIIOPERTY. 


bBvfaif  an 


mnrtVANcai,  airte. 
HmNed  in  dniatioB  |»  Hkt 
to  the  Ufii  of 


r  are  those  held  in  joint 
r  mora  parsoM  al  dw 
distinct  titlas.l1 


ir^Hew. 


M«*<!» 


^J^ 


Mr.Jlt. 
s  I  itee, 
•;  Jar.  n 


■4  Haw. 


S«o.   »Omsb 


'"'  «• 


f.  Mi  eBheisw.  m  CsauMn. 
SsjiBLGsaMk  m;  eP 


« 


Estates  on  Conditiom.  See  Contivancu  ; 
c'nNDrrioNs. 

- —  IN  oorARCKNARV  are  those  which  sev- 
eral persons  hold  at  one  heSr,  whether  male  or 
remale.  Such  estates  have  three  unities,  time, 
title,  and  possession ;  but  (he  interests  of  the 
voparcenen  may  he  uneqiiaU 

BY  THE  CUKTESY  are  those  to  which  a 

hiKliand  is  entitled  upon  this  death  of  his  wife, 
in  the  lands  or  tenements  of  which  she  was 
toiled  and  possessed  in  fee  sim|de  or  fee  tail 
iluring  their  coverture,  nrovJided  they  have  Uw- 
fol  iuue  bcsm  alive,  and  potisibly  capidde  nt  in- 
hunting  her  estate.* 

IN  DOWSE  are  those  which  a  widow 

hai  for  her  liie  in  some  portion  of  the  Und* 
and  tenements  of  which  her  husband  wot 
wiied  at  any  time  during  coverture,  and  which 
her  iwue  mbht  have  inherited  if  she  had  any, 
and  which  to  to  take  eflcct  in  pneeassicn  from 
the  desdi  of  her  hutband.> 

IN  nncTANCY  are  thote  giving  a  pres- 
ent or  vested  oontinirent  right  of  future  enjoy- 
ment; due  in  which  the  right  to  taking  or 
receiving  the  profits  is  postponed  to  some  futura 
period." 

,  Feb  Simtls.     See  Conveyances, 

ani.e. 

,  Feb  Taiu    See  Convcyancis,  a«te. 

or  INMERIVANCE  are  thoee  w»  '-»•  -  ay 

<1ev:end  to  heirs.*  Such  are  all  freel  <«•«..  1, 
except  cstatas  for  lifc.* 

o»  JOINT  TENANCY  are  thos«  where 

wveral  peraoos  have  any  suMect  of  property 
jointly  betwwa  them  in  eaual  shares  by  pur- 
chaw.*  The  riglM  of  survivoiship  ts  the  dis- 
tinguishtag  dkametcristic  of  these  estates.* 

-—  VOE  Uta  are  freehold  estates,  not  of 
inheritaace,  hot  which  are  held  by  tha  tenant 
for  his  own  life,  or  the  life  or  lives  of  one  or 
more  othar  persons,  or  lor  an  indefinite  pniod, 

which  I ^ —  »  - .» -  .— 

ions  in 
life.* 

m  MMIHIOH  are  those  wheie  the  ten- 
ant is  actwtUjr  taking  or  receivit^  the  renU 
and  other  advantages  aristag  therefrom.* 

ntUMAlNlHtk  an  those  liaikzd  to  take 

tKed  ia  pnssssslon  or  ia  et^jaTmaat,  or  in  both, 
lubject  oid|p  to  any  tana  of  yean  or  eontiafpnt 
interest  Oat  miqr  iatetvoae  inuaedhrtely  after 
the  reaakur  eowiiatioa  of  a  particular  estate  of 
freehold,  pmrioasly  ersater  together  with  it,  bjr 
„J-i  Wadife.  It  A«r.  414 1  ■  Mtnw.  ■.  Omni.  iM :  4 

~     — I 

^uMeXHriM 


otaar  persons,  or  Jor  an  indefinite  period, 
I  may  eadare  far  the  life  or  lives  of  per- 
ia  bdaf,  aad  «at  beyond  the  period  of  a 


Prop.  (laBB^i  1 

«.;BNtt,Lb.4 
•3n;  stwaiae. 

JM-   »ensne 


nm.  *•■. 


■.  ONHn.  tn;  Co.  Uu. 
k  t-TlswiiMi  I  Onatf. 


the  lame  inatmment,  out  of  the  Mine  subjecr 
of  property.' 

— -  IN  REVEESION  are  residues  of  estates 
left  in  the  grantor,  to  commence  in  poHimtion 
after  the  determinatiim  of  some  pbrticuiar  estate 
granted  out  by  him.*  The  rciidue  of  an  estate 
which  always  continues  in  him  who  made  a 
particular  gram.* 

IN  SBVEEALTY  Ore  those  held  by  single 

persons  in  their  own  right  only,  without  any 
other  person  being  joined  or  connected  witn 
them  in  point  of  interest  during  their  estate.* 

— —  AT  surrp-RANCK  are  interests  of  terants 
who  have  come  rightfully  into  posHession  of 
lands  by  permission  of  the  owner,  and  continue 
to  occupy  the  some  after  the  period  for  which 
he  is  entitled  to  hold  by  luch  permission.* 
This  estate  ia  uncommon,  but  i^  recognised  ss 
on  estate  so  fiu-,  that  the  landlord  must  enter 
before  he  can  bring  ejec'ment  against  the  ten- 
ant* If  the  tenant  has  personally  left  the 
house,  the  Isndlcrd  may  break  the  doon.* 
And  generally,  the  landlord  may  use  force  to 
regain  possession,  subject  only  to  indictment  if 
any  ii^unr  is  conunitted  sgainst  the  oubiic 
peace.'    See  Detainer,  above. 

At  Will  are  those  by  which  the  tenant 

has  made  entry  under  a  lease  to  hold  during 
the  joint  wills  of  the  parties  to  the  same.* 
Such  estates  sre  rare,  being  generally  con- 
strued into  estates  for  years,  or  from  year  to 
year  by  the  decisions  of  the  courts,  or  by 
statute.* 

For  Years  are  interests  in  lands  hy 

virtue  of  a  contract  for  the  possession  of  them 
for  a  definite  and  limited  period  of  time^  to 
suit  the  conttaeting  potties.  The  length  of 
time  for  which  the  estate  is  to  endure  is  of  no 
importance  in  ascertaining  its  chanacter,  unless 
otherwise  declared  by  statute.* 

EvicnoN  i<«  total  where  a  possessor  is 
wholly  deprived  of  his  rights  in  the  premises. 
It  it  partial  where  the  possessor  is  deprived  of 
only  a  portion  of  them,  as  if  a  third  person 
comes  ia  and  ejceto  him  tnm  the  pcasession  «>f 
half  his  land,  or  establishes  a  right  to  some 
easement  over  it  bjr  a  title  prior  to  that  under 
which  he  h<dds.  With  respect  to  the  premises 
leased,  aa  eviction  oonsiits  in  taking  firom  a 
taaaat  some  part  <tf  the  premises  of  which  he 
was  ia  nossenian,  not^in  refusing  to  put  him  in 
possessioa  of  sem<^ing  which  by  the  agree- 
with  his  landlord  he  should  have  ea- 


CnitoeI>lK.tf«- (:«.U<t.as»,i4t».  ■-«  Bl.  Cooua. 
»»;  1  (%ca(.  CraiM  0%.  too;  i  Waihb.  R.  Prop, 
tw.  r-t  Washbu  R.  Ptml  as*  t  •  Bt  Coma.  1  w  j  Co. 
Utt.  if4f  Sadih  LandTftT.  si?;  Crabb  R.>rop.  { 
JM3.  W-sLR-ajsj  aid. 403:  iM.ft0.dU.  m-i 
ffii^.  j«;  17  Wek.  adi}.  M.  jr-7  T.  R.  43<r>  Qah. 
4<a :  »&».  rtUaa.)  i« ;  14  ft.  ttV.  43/;  4  Johm. 
'J»J  «  W.  ftS.  40:  1  Wariib.  R.  Prop.  390, 3»6;  iK. 

a. ;  Tuder L.  Cm.  10 :%»ith  LondL  »  T.  16:  * Stiaen?! 
n.  Oam.  145 :  4  Kj«  Comm.  no :  i  W«ikfc.  R.  Piop. 
1  Waihb.  R.  Vn9,srn  4  KaMCowm. 


0l6 


REAL  PROPERTY. 


joyed,'  and  in  ordar  to  aflKt  •  wuptmiou  of 
rent  them  mnit  be  loinething  eqniviuent  to  an 
ekpttUoa  fnmi  the  preiniaca,  and  not  «  mere 
IretpoM  or  dtoturiiMce  in  Uie  «njo]nnenl  of 
them.*  It  is  not  nccenHury,  however,  in  order 
to  produce  the  eviction  of  *  tenant,  that  there 
■hould  be  actual  physical  ennulsion,  for  a  land- 
lord may  do  many  acts  tending  to  (Uminish  the 
enjoyment.of  the  premises,  short  of  an  expul- 
sion, which  will  amount  to  an  eviction  in  law ; 
as,  if  he  erects  a  nuisance  to  near  the  leased 
premises  as  to  deprive  the  tenant  of  the  use  of 
them,  or  if  he  otnerwiM  intentiooally  dtsturfaa 
the  truant's  enjoyment  to  such  an  extent  as  to 
injure  his  business  or  destroy  the  comfort  of 
himself  and  family,  it  will  amount  to  an  eviction.' 

Feb  Simple.    See  Convkyanch,  ante. 
Tail.    See  CoNVKyAKcn.  ante. 

Fbmcu  are,  in  general,  regulated  by  tocal 
bws.  •  Generally,  fences  or  boundaries  are  to 
be  built  on  the  line ;  the  expense,  whan  made 
accwrding  to  law,  is  home  eonally  between  the 
fiartias.  A  partition  fence  n  presumed  to  be 
the  common  property  of  both  ownen  of  the 
kiid.*  When  built  upon  the  land  tt  vo»  of 
them  it  it  his ;  but  if  it  were  built  equal^  npon 
(he  land  of  both,  at  their  joint  expense,  Mch 
wovld  be  the  owner  in  severatar  of  the  nut 
standing  on  his  own  land.*  Sec  WA«n^  below. 

Fhlos.    See  WAtTB,  below. 

FiRKWOOO.    See  WAin,  bdow.  - 

FliH-PONU.    See  Wastc.  below.    • 

Fucroiss  are  p^nonal  chattels  alllxed  to 
real  estate,  which  may  be  aererM  and  removed 
by  the  party  who  has  affixed  them,  or  tar  his 
personal  repiesentative,  agdnat  the  will  or  the 
owner  <d  the  freehold,  (^estlona  frequently 
arise  as  !o  whether  given  appendages  tea  home 
or  land  are  to  be  considered  put  of  the  real 
estate,  or  whether  they  are  to  ba  treated  as 
personal  property.  The  latter  art  movable,  the 
fbraser  are  not.  The  aan«i»t(oa  may  be  actiial 
or  constructive.  I.  By  actujd  aiUMUtion  b 
widerstaod  every  mode  by  whicii  a  chattel  can 
be  joined  or  united  \*!>  A*  ireelKdd.  The 
article  most  sat  be  mefciy  laid  apon  the 
gronnd ;  it  must  be  faAmwd,'  fixed,  or  set  into 
ue  land,  or  into  some  nA  endiaa  as  is  na- 
questionably  a  part  «f  th*  realty;  otberwiae  it 
is  in  no  sense  a  fixtn«.*  Lodes,  in»  stoMS  wA 
in  brick  work,  posts,  end  window  blindb,  aftird 
examples  of  actuid  aanexntiaHJ  Some  things, 
however,  haw  been  nod  to  lie  paMw  of  ue 
reatijr  which  are  not  aWMndocnalened  toit; 
for  example,  deeds  rr  dinttlels  iriiidi  rehoe  to 
the  tfcle  of  the  iidwritanee,  and  go  to  tint  hetr.** 
Bat  looee,  movtble  muMum,  nsad  in  pf'aac- 
cniiag  any  borinesi^  to  yAisk  ihc  Iradbold  is 

«4aWeML  M.   ••4WMd.^:  s  Saadf.  S4»!  t. 


aM. wj;  1  T««M. tu 4  nm.  TM^eb. Ch. 1 1.  j- 


adapted,  cannot  be  considered  part  of  the  real 
ettale,  nor  in  anv  way  apjMirtenant  to  it;*  to 
deer  in  a  park,  nth  in  a  pond,  and  doves  in  s 
dove-house,  go  to  the  Visir,  and  not  to  the 
executor,  being,  like  kt^s  and  heirlooms,  con- 
stmctively  annexed  to  the  inheritance." 

The  general  rule  it,  that  fixtures  once  an- 
nexed to  the  freehold  become  a  part  of  the 
realty.  But  to  Ihit  rule  there  are  exceptions; 
as,  t.  Where  there  is  a  manifest  intention  to 
use  the  fixture  in  tome  eniploymenl  diMinct 
from  that  of  the  occnpant  or  the  real  etuie; 
a.  Where  it  hat  been  annexed  merely  for  the 
purpose  of  carrying  on  a  trade  ;■  for  the  fact 
that  it  was  put  up  for  such  a  purime  indicates 
an  intention  that  the  thing  smmld  not  become 
a  part  of  the  freehold.*  But  if  there  it  a  clear 
intention  that  the  thing  should  be  permanently 
annexed  to  the  realty,  its  being  wed  for  pur- 
poses of  trade  would  not,  perhaps,  bring  the 
case  within  one  of  the  exesptions.r 

Where  the  qnestkm  arises  between  an  execu- 
tor and  the  heir-at-law,  the  rale  is  strict  thnt 
whatever  belongc  to  the  estate  to  which  the 
fixture  appertains  will  go  to  the  heir;  but  if 
the  ancestor  maaifSBsted  an  intention  (which 
may  be  inferred  from  chfcumstar.ccs)  that  the 
things  affixed  should  be  considered  penonalty, 
tlM)r  will  be  so  treated,  and  will  go  to  the 
execator.4 

As  between  a  veudor  and  vendee  the  same 
strictness  applies  as  Itetwccn  an  executor  and 
an  heir-at-law  {  for  all  fixtures  which  belong  to 
the  premisea  at  the  time  of  the  sale,  or  which 
havt  Iwen  erected  by  the  vendor,  whither  for 
pwrpoaea  of  trade  or  mantActnre,  or  not,  as 
potash  kettles  fcr  mannliGtnrfng  ashes,  and  the 
like,  pass  to  tite  vendee  of  the  land,  unlets 
they  Mvc  been  expressly  reserved  fay  the  terms 
of  the  contract.' 

The  same  rule  ippKee  as  butween  mortgagor 
and  mov^pigee. 

As  b^cen  devisee  and  exocntor,  things 
permanently  annexed  to  the  realty  at  the  time 
of  the  testator's  death  pass  to  the  devisee~hit 
ri^  to  fixtnres  being  similar  to  that  of  a 
voidee.* 

As  between  a  laadkrd  and  his  tenant  the 
Btridnets  at  the  ancient  rnl^  has  been  much 
relaxed.  The  n)«  is  nndecrtood  to  b*  that  a 
tenant,  whether  fisr  life,,  for  yean,  or  at  wili, 
may  s«v«r  tt  nay  tima  before  tbe  cxpinOion  of 
hia  tmaef,  and  cany  away  all  inch  fixtaret 
of  a  diatttl  lutsra  as  he  l«s  bimaelf  ataeted 
upon  tha  daatised  pnnHscs  fbr  tta  parpoaas  of 
Ornaaiawt^  domitic  tsuaiveweiiae, or  to  canyon 
trade,  promded,  alirays,  tlut  the  iMMmd  can  be 
efiteladwItltontaMtarial  injkry  to  the  fiadiM.* 

lt«ai.N;  4Watts.jMa.  •^mM.  BLjCik  pt  H. 
ft^ rawl  set  Hm  L 

Cow.  Ms;  a»  JeiUM.  ML   a- 

_       jM-«<  Pg|»s»i  <<kii'|*- 

tS};  tDwiia«M,t  >9H.  Y.  S}^   AmSwwbr 

riog)  w  Alt  w|iii  ay>iii  tyselfc  arwtai,Ttyi 


>  "fta.  i  jw-gis,  sat  9m,  tide  LamMan  AMisI 
anr. 


REAL  PROPERTY. 


617 


end  fMtrt  of  tlw  nal 
pfwitenant  to  it  ;>  so 
pond,  and  dovM  in  ■ 
)«ir,  and  not  to  the 

and  heirloomi,  con- 
inheriUnce.'* 
flat  fixture*  one*  an- 
tcome  a  part  of  the 
there  are  excefitioni : 
Rianifctt  intention  to 
eniplojrinen}  distinct 
t  or  the  real  etiate; 
lexed  merely  for  the 
t  trade  ;■  for  the  fact 
b  a  purpose  indicate* 
'  ihoald  not  become 
lot  if  there  it  a  clenr 
4wld  be  permanent  I  jr 

being  na«d  for  pur- 
t,  pernapa,  bring  the 
sspiion*.' 

««  between  an  execu- 
he  mle  is  atrict  that 

citate  to  which  the 

to  the  heir;  but  if 
an  intontioR  (which 
caautar.cet)  that  the 
noaldered  peiwnalty, 
■ad  will  go  to  the 

nd  vendae  the  same 
lecn  an  executor  and 
tnrea  which  belong  to 
at  the  sale,  or  which 

vendor,  whether  for 
niiftctttre,  or  not,  as 
storing  ashes,  and  the 

at  the  land,  nnlaas 
raserved  bgr  tlie  tenns 

IS  biitweeo  mQctgagor 

uid  execotor,  things 
the  realty  at  the  time 
B  to  the  deriiee — hit 
dniUur  to  that  cS  a 

I  nd  his  tenant  thr 
tnl^  has  been  much 
latitood  to  bt  thata 
!br  fMTs,  or  at  wili, 
iara  tiM  czpimioa  of 
wxf  tU  sBch  fixtnm 
I  twi  tosMlf  tMcted 
afbrOt  porpcMtof 
fiittiM,^  .to  Mfiyon 
tatdtevMiovd  caabe 
qtmytotheftMlMld.* 

\mM.M.jif^  jmH. 

(M»  *«»  TaxaMtiaMe. 
,*  a  air.'ii«;  1 1 V.  wm*. 
V.  afa:aoJ«iia*.a|k  jh 

t-t9  »^fi  SM  S    to  MM** 

*'  *^^''£r'a£»^ 
c  arddttTt^ymX^Si 
da  IrtMwieiw  an»  T—. 


A  tenant  for  years  may  remove  flsturet  itt 
•ny  lime  before  he  gives  np  the  potseuion  of 
the  premises,  although  it  way  Ut  afte.-  hit  term 
hiU  expired,  and  he  is  holding  over;'  but  ten- 
«nU  for  life,  or  at  will,  having  uncertain  In- 
leratU  in  the  land,  httve,  after  the  determina- 
tion of  their  ettalet,  not  occasioned  by  their 
own  fiiult,  a  reatonublo  tioM  within  which  to 
remove  their  fixtures.* 

If  a  tenant  quits  pouiession  of  land  without 
removing  such  fixtures  as  he  is  entitled  to,  the 
property  la  them  immediately  vest*  in  the  land- 
lord;  and  though  they  are  subsequently  Mvered, 
the  tenant's  right  to  them  doe*  not  revive.    If, 
therefore,  a  tenant  desire*  to  have  any  such 
things  upon  the  premises  af  .r  the  expiration 
of  hi*  term,  for  the  purpose  of  valuing  them  to 
an  incoming  tenant,  or  the  like,  he  should  tnke 
em  to  get  the  landlord'*  consent,  ollicrwise  he 
will  lo*e  his  pro()erty  in  them  entirely."    The 
riglit*  of  partie*  with  respect  to  particultr  ar- 
ticle* are  sosietimes  regulated  by  local  custom's, 
especially  as  between  outgoing  and  incoming 
tenants;  and  in  casn  of  this  kind  it  becomes  a 
proper  criterion  by  which  to  determine  the  char- 
acter ol  the  artick,  and  whether  it  is  a  fixture  or 
nu.    See  LANDix>ito  and  Tenant;  Gkow- 
INO  Oton;  Emblkmknts;  Fixturks,  rrc 
FUXMIS.     See  Wastk,  below. 
Fmkbholo.    See  Estaibs  or  Frkxholo, 
iitiove, 
Fttnr  Trkks.    Se«  Waste,  below. 
FuxLLiNO  Mill.    See  Wast»,  below. 
FUKNACXS.    See  WASTa,  below. 
Garokns  or  grounds,  set  apart  for  flowers 
and  plants,  are  parcel*  of  the  houses  to  which 
ibey  belong,  ana  uass  with  them.' 
Gatis.    Se«»  Wasts,  below. 
Giant.    Sec  Convkyancis,  ante. 
Gravbl.    See  Wastk,  below. 
Grist  Mill.    See  Waste,  below. 
GROtmo-RKNT  is  a  rent  paid  for  the  privilege 
•f  building  on  another  mnn'a  land.     It  is  a 
freehold  esute  erected  by  deed,  and  perpetuaS 
by  the  terms  of  ka  creation ;  and  no  mere  1  jfise 
nf  time  withont  demand  Mubcs,  at  common  law, 
a  premnption  that  the  eatiUe  haa  been  released.* 
Sec  Conveyances,  ante. 

Growino  Crovs.  Sec  Lanclord  and 
Tenant,  ante. 
Hroge*.  See  Waste,  belcw. 
Heirlooms  include  chaiten,  deed*,  and 
■Oar  eridenoet  of  the  title  of  land,  together 
wtk  the  bwi^  or  chest  in  which  they  are  oou- 
J^i  B.  It  C.  19 ;  J  Kut.  m."  ^.)  AA,at.  »«,  z.i 
••'^Vl'  •M*^<>»-  /'•C^.JsjTMowd. 
*i£»i&""»''5t?£*''  •*•  '•  ttottTU:  B.e. 
Mr.  OwM*.  t.    js-i  W&m.  tf.  jMX  IkLsm,  1I5 

J.4:  Woo««  Uodl.  A  t.  ijji.    »Ci^  Bit.  Crs 
{jM^jiii  I  fl0wd.»i:  aWM.auuid.«>i,nl    4 


<^j»7<**  •»•*  •  ™?«  C  C.  »4.    t3 A&.  Ch.  04  f 
J  SmM.  **»  t    >Ym>.<|»i>j  atVt.  ate:   •lobm.dn 

■^ m.M:  »Cr«y,«jj  jC««i.4m.  JNM.2r«|o: 


t  Mned,  the  key*  of  a  house,  and  the  fish  in  a 
iish  pond.* 

HouHKS,  if  divided  into  several  apartments 
havins  no  eomnmnicatiun  with  each  other,  arc 
cuniiiJered  a*  su  many  distinct  and  separate 
ho!i»es.*  In  a  conveyance  or  lease  of  a  house, 
the  enclosed  space  immediately  surrounding  it 
and  conUined  within  some  encloaure,  and  the 
garden,  will  pass,  even  without  the  wcyds 
"with  the  appurtenances"  being  added.*  In 
a  conveyance  or  lease  of  a  house  with  the  ap- 
purtenances, no  more  wilJ  pass,  although  other 
lauds  have  been  occupied  with  the  bouse.*  See 
Waste,  below. 

Improvements,  as  between  the  rightful 
ownor  and  an  occupant  who  in  good  faith  bus 
put  them  on,  belong  to  the  HghtfuT  owner  of  the 
Land,  without  compensation  for  the  increased 
vnlue.  This  is  the  common  law,*  though  the 
rule  is  otherwise  in  equity,'  and  by  the  sututes 
cf  some  States. 

Incumbrances  arc  any  rights,  or  interesu 
in  laud,  which  may  be  held  by  third  persons, 
which  diminishes  the  value  of,  but  not  the  right 
to  pass  such  land.*  Of  these  cire  public  high- 
ways;'' a  private  right  of  way;'  a  claim  of 
dower,J  though  inchoate  only;*  an  outstanding 
mortgage,'  other  than  one  which  the  covenantee 
is  bound  to  pay;"  a  liability  to  tax  laws.*  But 
does  not  include  a  condition  on  which  an 
•atate  t*  held.*  The  vendor  of  real  estate  is 
bound  to  disclose  incumbrances,  and  to  deliver 
to  the  purchaser  the  instrum-.>nu  by  which  they 
were  created  or  rn  which  the  defects  arise; 
and  the  neglect  of  this  is  to  be  considered 
fraud.*  The  interest  00  Incumbrance*  is  to  be 
kept  down  by  the  tenant  for  life,«  to  the  extent 
of  rents  accruing;'  and  for  any  sum  paid  beyon<l 
that  he  becomes  a  creditor  of  the  estate.* 
When  the  whole  incumbrance  is  removed  tw  a 
single  pcnBcnt,  the  share  of  the  tenant  for  life 
IS  the  present  worth  of  the  annuity,  for  the  life 
of  the  tenanL  «qual  to  the  annual  amount  of 
the  interest  which  he  would  be  obli|red  to  pay.' 
This  rule  qjpliett  to  estates  held  in  dower  ;■  in 
curtesy ;'  iu  tail  only  in  special  cases." 

Innings  or  bmdii  may  be  gained  from  the 
sea  by  drainage,* 

Irrigation.  The  owner  of  land  over  which 
there  i«  a  current  stream  it,  as  such,  the  pro- 
prietor of  the  carirent.r  A  riparian  proprietor 
may  avnU  himself  of  the  river  for  irrigation, 
provided  such  river  be  not  materially  lessened, 
and  the  water  absorbed  be  imperceptible  or 
trifling.*  See  Springs,  below, 
•3:*|^(*f-Ai*»*-    li-»M«.  »a;  st  Pick.  447;  3N. 


*3JJa.(N.S^«i6.    k-aMcn;  «t  Pick.  447:   3N. 
J,  »«o.      1-5  Ma.  9|;    u  Id.  390.    mt^S.  iT  4^8  f  » 

••3O1 

Sr.  96.    v-iwatao,  K.  nop.  smt,  •».  573  J  J 

>,  sS.    tS3i  £< 


Chi3«»:'$  J«i>i»s.  Ch^fia; 
I-J4S:  Tudor  L.C 
^.  3W 


AEq 
Bar 


'iS't  *J^  I7»-«J^'»«*»  ^«nd  «;  >v3. 
4-1  Wathb.  K.  Prop,  a^of,  ««.  573  ■   ,  Edw. 

Tudor  Lju».tlo.     ».aAdk.d.4^;    i 
•^  W«tl|l>.  R,JProp.  <^,5T3.    {«.« 


i- 


KEAL  PROPKRTY. 


IttAim  whan  tlity  lint  arit*  in  lh«  opm 
■M  balong  to  the  fint  occupan'  i  but  whan  inty 
m  iMwIy  fcnatd  lo  new  iIm  kHon  m  to  be 
witkia  th«  botuidary  of  MCM  t-^t^.  thcr  belong 
to  ikNt  Suit,  klanda  whiak  wtM  in  riv«n, 
wben  In  th«  niddle  of  iIm  itrMHii,  belong  in 

XI  pMt*  to  th«  riparian  ownan.  When  they 
merely  on  one  tide,  they  belong  to  the 
riparian  owner  op  lo  the  middle  of  the  itfaaB.* 
See  CoASTa,  aboTe}  Wate*,  below. 

ioiNTi'RB.     See  ElTATn,  ante. 
Ckvii  of  a  houM  im  cooeidcred  real  citale, 
and  dcMcnd  lo  Ihe  heir  with  the  inheritance.^ 

Land  includea  any  fnronnd,  toil,  earth,  min- 
eral, or  liquida,  and  all  natnral  and  artificial 
growth.  It  may  be  wild,  culiivaled,  arable,  or 
otherwiac.  It  includea  in  general  all  build- 
inga  erected  upon  it,*  with  aoae  eiccpti«i»{ 
if  a  atranger  volnnUrily  ereda  bnildiaga  on 
anather't  land,  ihey  will  belong  to  the  owner 
of  the  land,  and  will  become  a  part  of  it,' 
though  under  peculiar  drcnmatancea  they 
would  bo  conaidered  aa  peraonal  property.*  It 
includea  minea,  escept  minea  of  gold  and  ail- 
veri  and  a  grant  of  pnbUc  Unda  will  include 
theae  alto." 

Lbabil    See  title  CtMTKTANCxs,  ante. 

LicKNax  may  be  bv  coaTerance  duly  ac- 
knowledged/ liy  parol,*  or  by  impUcatloa  from 
drcnmaiancaa,  aa  <»ening  a  door  in  n^omae 
to  a  knock.'  It  ia  diatinguiahcd  fraai  an  caae- 
nent,  which  impUea  an  iatereat  ia  tha  tend  to 
be  affected,  ana  hi  ateo  dMagtriabad  from  a 
leeae,  which  ia  a  right  to  take  die  prafita  of 
land.  It  may  be  and  often  ia  coi^lad  with  a 
ooBVcyaace  of  aeane  intOTcat  ia  tha  land  itaelf, 
or  right  to  take  the  prafita^  Itm^btgrantcd 
by  tha  owtMr,  or,  in  aai^  caaaa,  by  a  mmM.* 
Aa  esecatory  lloma*  RMy  be  lavokoA  at  the 
plcaaoia  of  tbt  grantor.'  In  geaeral,  a  mere 
licaaaa  m«y  be  revoked  at  tha  graatM^  pleaa- 
nre,"  altkough  the  licaaaaa  kaa  inenrred  es- 
paaae.*  Notaoalicenatcftaealycoapladwitha 
tnuMfar  of  title  to  petaoaal  fnpeny.*  An  exc- 
ealed  Uceaae,  which  drntremi  aa  aannwat  en- 
joyed by  the  Ikeaaer  ia  tte  Uaaaiaa'a  land, 
cannot  be  rewind-*  Tha  affect  flfMex«entc<l 
ll«enae,thanrfi  faToked,.i8  to  raiiam  or  axeaM: 
tka  Uoeatae  froaa  Uakility  for  acta  doM  liiaperly 
to  tka  panaaaaa  thefaoT,  mi  dwir  eoaae- 
qaeBeaa.«  Tha  HctMea'a  kaiauiif  aati  on 
kada  ara  withaat  eenfanaatfoB,  la  efaky.' 

a-WaAkltPMa.;  KeetCaWB.    fc4t  Oa.|a«; 
joite.  L.  ft  K jl^  if*  S  tbM.  4ir ;  1  TfMBt.  lit. 

ffek.4frj  IM.aes,4aai  •MjK.BHt  wM^ 

UuM,M»t{  I  Bug.  i<«.^  jf-i  KaatT^ 
NTY. Uf-.ir*  fewaaerCaaW. jw. 


LitNa.  See  that  title,  ante. 
I.IMK.  See  WAaTB,  below. 
I.iNia.  Whea  a  line  it  mentioned  in  « 
deed  aa  ending  at  a  particular  mimtiment  il  i< 
to  be  extended  in  the  direction  called  fut 
without  regard  lo  ditlance  until  it  reach  the 
lioundary,*  and  a  marked  line  la  to  be  adhered 
lu  although  it  depart  from  the  coiirac.*  Where 
a  number  of  peraona  lettle  aimultaneoufly.or  at 
•holt  lnlerTala,the  aame  neighborhood,  and  their 
tracta,  if  ealended  in  certain  direction*,  would 
overhip  each  other,  the  aetllera  anmetimt-t  I7 
Afpreement  determine  upon  dividing  lincH, 
which  an  called  conaentible  linea.  Tlieae  linex, 
when  frirly  agreed  upon, have  been  aanciioiiid 
by  the  couiu ;  and  aach  agreementa  are  con- 
cfntive  upon  all  peraona  claiming  under  Ihe 
partica  to  them,  with  notice,  but  not  upon  tMia 
fid*  parchaaera  for  a  valuable  contidaration 
whhottt  notice,  actual  or  contlruclivc.*  Linen 
fiaed  by  compact  between  naliona  are  binding 
on  their  dliaena  and  aubjecta.* 

LiHM  AND  OORNtaa  in  conveyance*  and 
Kurveya  are  tha  bouadaiy  llnea  and  their  anglu 
with  each  other.* 
MiADowi.  Sec  Waitx,  below. 
MiTAu.  See  WAtra,  below. 
MiLU  CMPveyed  with  their  appurtenances, 
even  without  the  land,  carrica  the  whole  right 
of  water  enjoyed  by  the  grantor,  aa  ncceaaary 
10  ita  uae,  and  oa  a  neceaaary  incident;*  and  a 
deviae  of  a  mill  earriea  the  land  lued  with  it 
r.nd  the  right  to  uae  the  water.'  A  mill  in- 
cludea not  only  the  bailding  in  which  the  buai- 
ncaa  ia  carried  on,  bat  it.icladea  the  aite,  the 
daab,  and  other  thinga  an'Mxed  to  the  freehold 
neceaaary  for  ita  beneficial  enioyment.*  Aa  to 
manttbcturingmachinery,aeeFiXTUtis,  above, 
and  dtla  Landloko  and  Tkmant,  "  Cropa,"' 
"  EmUeaMBts,"  "  Ffacturea,"  eto.  SeeWAsn, 
below. 

Minn  of  gold  and  rilver  and  the  nreciom 
metalB  bdoiU|  to  atate  or  aovereign,*  ntt  past 
by  a  graat  miand,  withoat  exception'  or  react- 
vatkia,  ft«a  the  atate  or  govcmmeat.*  Mine* 
of  other  ainenda  baloog  to  the  owner  of  the 
Hoil,  and  paaa  by  a  eonveyaaoe  thereof,  aalett 
NCpiirated;*  but  dw  owner  amy  ooavey  hii 
mlaea  by  *  aapanta  aqd  diatinct  coevcyancaau 
oatociaataanefreelKrid  iii  the  aoil  and  another 
ia  die  Biinea.*  Ia  caae  (MT  a  aeparate  owaer- 
ak^t  Um  owner  of  the  nine  matt  aapport  the 

<§n(k.A>  aOjw,  ^s  «oCaj».s»«j  u  >y?- 
»i|;  iMnrpbi  Jw.  I  1097:  ABaiBWaMrCaMaM.i 

'~  4sa:  I  Aifc.  Ouas  1 


^\&\r^ 


tr.irM>w 


Vaa.O>  i»:  • 
.  «»i  at  AI«.J«; 


•  raaHrCa.an/ia6iMt.44$t  i«aL»4i.   s-C^! 

•A  Mfll.    *»A        m^w  Vtamtn    mtmr    srStl^    a^B .    MIA   mt- 


i  M.  It  W.  ta, 


A-iftna.  ^{  7Caih.gh;  lid.  at; 


la,  Ante. 
,  btlow. 

in«  li  meniioncd  in  t 
Mrtkular  m(iniiment  it  if 
ha  direction  called  fu 
tuice  until  It  rcacli  the 
ltd  line  {•  to  ba  •dhcred 
row  the  coune,'  Where 
itla  (Imultaneoufly.or  at 
e  naighborhood,  and  their 
ccrtun  dircctioiM,  would 
M  sattlan  •omatintM  by 
upon  dividing  lincH, 
ntiblalinei.  Thtaa  linen, 
yn,  have  ba«n  Mnctioitcd 
ich  agracmanU  ara  con- 
ont  claiming  undar  the 
lolica,  but  not  upon  tittta 
vkluabla  contldtnttion 
or  contlructivc.*  Linen 
'een  naliona  an  binding 
ub)«cti.* 

u  In  convajrancat  and 
arjr  Una*  and  thair  angln 

fAm,  below. 
m,  below. 

itk  Ibcir  appurtenances, 
,  caniM  tbe  whole  right 
the  grantor,  aa  ncceasary 
iccMary  incident  ;■  and  a 
ics  the  land  lued  with  it 
Ae  water.'  A  mill  in- 
lilding  in  which  the  buii- 
«it  ii.KitHlea  the  lite.  the 
I  annexed  to  the  freehold 
Icial  enioyiiicnt.*  At  tu 
i«rf,iee  riJtruBB,  above, 
AND  Tbmant,  "  Cropa," 
tturet,"  eU.  SeeWAtn, 

d  ■ilver  and  the  nredom 
«  or  Knrereign,*  Mt  paat 
ithoat  eaception  or  reic|- 
I  or  gmrcmmeBt.*  Mine* 
long  to  the  owner  of  the 
Mvtjrance  thereof,  onleii 
owner  may  eonmj  hii 
lid  diidnct  ooavcjranoa  m 
Ad  iii  the  aoil  and  another 
Me  it  a  aeparate  enmer- 
m  mine  nmt  rapport  the 


F^ 


Hi 


$t4t  (B.sC.  m. 
WJ.  Ai«*  Wajw  _-. 
•  Id.  I :  a  Hawha,  aiy 
••V  J«4:  3Call.aj»j  «Matr. 

«.if  iilaa.4S0;  ai  Ala.M: 

"«»•  «$8  ••Km»-  »■<>;■ 

if:  taasS.  ftlt.  Mt;  told. 
Mllaaa.«tB2  aMAlb.4|l 

.}■({  rCrnkgh;  •M.Mj 


REAL  PROPERTT. 


619 


luperincumbent  toil,*  and  ancient  building* 
and  other  erectiona.'  Opening  new  minea  by 
A  tenant  ia  watte,  unleai  the  Icaae  Includet 
ih<!ra  i*  but  if  minea  be  already  o|)en  it  ia  not 
watte  to  work  them  even  to  exhauttion.^ 

The  occupant  of  public  landa  who  holda 
tliem  for  luricultural  purpoaci,  holdt  them 
nflhjact  to  the  right  of  any  perton  to  dig  for 
^•old.>    See  Wastb.  below. 

MoNlY  often  ha*  tbe  character  of  realty  at- 
tached to  it.  10  far  a*  bring  htniuble  and  the 
like,  bjr  eqnity,  where  it  ia  the  proceedt  of  real 
estate  wrongnilly  converted  into  money,  or 
which  ought  to  be  converted  into  real  eatate.J 

MoNUMf  l«  4  or  permanent  landmark*,  eatab- 
iitbed  or  exacted  to  indicate  and  mark  bound- 
trie*  of  land*,  may  be  either  natural  or  arti- 
ficial object*  i  a*,  riven,  known  atreamt, 
ipringi,  or  marked  treea,^  and  even  potU  tet 
up  at  the  cornera,!  and  in  a  clearing.*  When 
monameiit*  are  ettablithed  they  mutt  govern, 
although  neither  courtei,  nor  diitancea,  nor 
compuiec  (Content*  corretpond.*  See  Boimo- 
ARIBS,  .Love. 

Orcharcc.    See  Waitk,  below. 

PAKCSNAkY.  See  ESTATKS  IN  PARCENARY, 
ahove. 

Partitioi*  Fincb.    See  Fbncbs,  above. 

Plan,  or  mi.jp  of  land,  on  which  are  marked 
the  cotnca  and  dittance*  of  the  diflerent  line*, 
may  be  given  in  evidence  in  aacerUining  the 
petition  of  the  land  and  wiiat  i*  includedT  and 
may  ierve  to  settle  the  figure  of  a  auivax  '^ 
correct  miatakea.* 

Park.    See  Wmtb,  below. 

Pabumk.    See  Waste,  below. 

PBWf  iit  churchea  are  aometines  real  and 
sometime*  penonal  ettate,  depending,  gentr- 
ally,  upon  local  lUtuteat  though,  la  the  ab- 
sence of  autute  law,  it  would  aeem  theywere 
intereaU  in  real  ettate  and  panake  of  ita  char- 
acter.' 

PoinBMEa  ai^liea  to  the  t\f^  and  enjoy- 
ment of  a  penon  having  a  term  who  la  said  to 
be  poaaeMed,  but  not  aeized.e 

PossiBlUTiBS  are  merely  contingent  inteieaU 
in  real  or  penonal  property.'  It  it  iinoertain 
whether  the  oontingency  nay  happen  or  not; 
whether  the  interest  will  bn  reallaed  or  not. 

PRsacBimoN  (*  a  mode  of  acquiring  title 
(o  incorporeal  hereditaments,*  fay  uwMinorial 
or  long  continned  enjoyment    "nia  tenglh  of 


r-a 


ito:  tOm.^fio;  aae  SMdl  tmSTlt  Tib.  laa.  U3, 


lime  neceaaary  to  raise  a  itrict  preacription  was 
limited  to  titty  yean.«  Granu  of  incorporeal 
hereditamentt  are  pretumed  upon  proof  of 
enjoyment  of  the  requisite  charactrr  for  a  period 
of  yean  equal  to  that  (ixed  by  statute  at  the 
period  of  luniution  of  real  aciiona.*  Preacrip- 
tion properly  aoplie*  only  to  incorporeal  here- 
ditament '  such  at  eatementt  of  water,  light 
and  air,  v>   /,  etc."    A  ciatt  of  franchitct.* 

Quarries.  When  a  farm  it  let  with  an  open 
quarry  the  tenant  may,  when  not  rettraintd  by 
hit  contract,  take  out  the  stone ;  but  he  hat  no 
right  to  open  new  quorriet.   See  Mines,  above. 

Reliction  it  an  increate  of  land  by  the 
retreat  or  receuion  of  a  tea,  lake,  or  river. 
Landt  left  dry  by  the  luddcn  or  tentible  recet- 
tion  of  the  tea,  or  of  a  river  which  flowt  and 
reflowt  with  the  tide,  belong  to  the  tovereign 
or  State,  unlets  the  property  in  the  land  to  re- 
lected  haa  been  granted  to  individualt ;  in  other 
wordi,  the  right  of  property  in  the  soil  it  not 
changed  by  the  change  of  the  watet.  But 
where  the  recettion  it  gradual  and  insentible, 
or  where  it  taket  place  in  freth  water  riven, 
the  toil  of  which  belongt  to  riparian  proprie- 
lora,  the  landa  to  relicted  belong  to  tne  pro- 
prietora  of  the  etUle*  which  are  thereby  in- 
created.r  But  thit  reliction  mutt  be  from  the 
tea  in  iu  utual  ttate,  for  if  it  ahould  inundate 
the  land  and  then  recede,  thi*  would  be  no  re- 
liction.* If  a  navigable  lake  recede  gradually 
and  inaenfibly,  the  derelict  land  belong*  to  the 
adjacent  rioariaa  proprieton;  bnt  if  the  recea- 
tion  be  suaden  anid  sensible,  such  land  baloitgs 
to  the  State.'  See  Avulsion;  ALLtnrioN, 
above. 

RBiNAlWDBBa  are  remnanU  of  estates  in  real 
property  expectant  on  a  particular  estate  created 
together  with  it  at  the  aame  and  one  time.  A 
contingent  remainder  dependa  on  a  contingency 
which  miiyor  may  not  happen;  a  vetted  r- 
mainder  k  one  by  which  the  present  interest 
posses  to  the  property,  though  to  be  enjoyed  in 
future.* 

Rbpaibs.  What  a  party  ia  boiind  to  do, 
when  the  law  imposes  upon  him  the  daty  to 
makn  necessary  repairs,  does  not  appear  to 
be  ver*  accwrately  defined.  Natural  and  un- 
avoidable daeay  in  the  baildings  must  always 
be  allowed  fiw,  whon  there  is  no  express  cov- 
enant to  die  contrary;  and,  it  seems,  the  lessee 

Mt:  Popb.76:  I>]r«r,3<9.  r-1lfjHid.d1.M9.  thSca 
inia  CoMVBTAMcat,  ant*,  t-j*  Hm.  Vllf;  »  Pick. 
3<«:  tWkaat.y9i  tllatiwC.  C.  4aa:  aOrttal.  339: 
u«9bnth.  171  s  t9V».  4j!  a4  Ala.  (n.S.)  ispj  •» 
Pe»n.  St.  at.  ja-s  Keat  Cemm.  44a ;  la  Wtad.  mo  ; 
10  Id.  sfe >  ar  Vi.  t(h:  a  Batt.  101 :  4 Md.  Ch.  CSe. 
3M;  i3N.H.iiio:4Daw.t44:  loS.ft  R.63;  gpick. 
!»'Af** «♦■■*•  J"'  IMCiao;  1B.ftP.400:  «8. 
»  ^l*3t>    t?  ■■*;  w>S ;  /1»«k  L-  »J».     W;4  Maa. 

M.li 


■3t>    2-3  BaL.. 

it;   4lUek.S3|Ai   ao  Pcra.  St.  ni ; . 

LGawk  l>._ao5j  ato,  n.  -Tudor  L.  Sia. 


tV 


I  ClOBpl. 


m-Ce,  Irttt.  114;    to  Ifaia. 


««4i  r!?""-  ■*••  _**••  **•  "♦ ;    to  Matt.  70 : 

Agr.  Mihta.  is*)  WTl4Mra«.,t«4.a«7 :  a  B.  ft  C. 
« ;  0  C«««.  41 :.  a  Md.  Ck.  Dae.  4>S :  13  «.  Y.  ag*;  9 

fractt,  15;  i«  VimnrAW.  sjf-    SMHawlia.  s«;  t GIB. 
«J-a49.    •■SetaJcduM.  aM:  t  Taaict,  34a, 


6m 


HEAL  PROPERTY. 


will  uttoiy  IIm  obllgfrflon  the  lav  ImfKMc*  on 
him  by  4«llvtring  ib«  prMniM*  k(  the  txpiralion 
of  hit  tmtancy  in  •  haMUbl*  Mate.  Queailoni 
In  rtlalion  lit  r«|ialrs  mtait  frequently  artM  b«- 
twtan  the  landlord  and  tenant.  When  there  ik 
no  eiprcM  agreement  between  the  partiea,  the 
tenant  U  alwaya  rcuulrrd  to  do  the  neceaaary 
repair*.*  He  it,  therefore,  bound  to  (Hit  in 
window*  or  doon  that  have  been  broken  by 
him,  to  ••  to  prevent  any  decay  of  the  prvmitet ; 
but  ha  i*  not  required  to  put  a  new  rotif  on  an 
old,  worn-out  hou»c.*  An  expreta  covenant  on 
iha  part  of  lh«  Icttct  to  keep  a  houte  in  re- 
pair, and  laave  it  in  aa  good  a  plight  at  it  wai 
whm  th«  laata  wan  made,  doaa  not  Und  him  to 
rtpalr  !h«  ordinary  and  nainral  decay.*  At  to 
Iha  tim«  whan  the  repair*  are  to  be  made,  it 
would  teem  rtatonabfa  that  whan  th«  letaor  It 
bottnd  to  make  them,  ha  ahould  have  th«  right 
to  antfr  and  make  ibam,  whan  a  delay  until 
after  tha  expiration  of  the  leata  would  be  is- 
Jurioua  to  the  aataia ;  but  when  no  luch  dam- 
age exitu,  Iha  landlord  ahould  hi>v«  no  right 
to  enlar  without  Iha  content  of  the  tenant.' 
Whan  a  houaa  ha*  bean  dealroyad  by  at-eidenlal 
fire,  naitber  the  tenant  nor  the  landlord  I* 
bound  to  rebuild,  unleta  obliged  by  ■one  agrec- 
nant  lo  to  do.* 

Rkvkuion  h  the  rasidna  of  an  catata  left  in 
Iha  grantor  to  commenca  aAer  tha  datemina- 
llon  of  aoma  paiticula>  ealala  mntad  out  by 
him  (  the  return  of  the  land  lo  m  grantor  and 
hi*  kaira  aAar  tha  grant  or  leaae  t*  over.' 

Rkvocation.    8aa  LickMi.  above. 

Room     Sea  VfAm,  below. 

SBMHOfti  it  that  tpace  of  htBd  on  the  bor- 
der of  the  tea  belvcen  high  and  knr  water- 
nark.'  At  ooaBnon  law  the  aenahore  belongi 
to  the  StaU  or  toverctgn.*  The  ririilt  of  fi*b- 
etj  and  navigalioa  remain  tmianMUred  bjr  the 


,txoepl*o 


mnt  of  landi  covered  by  aavrgaUe 
The  power  of  the  State*  ia^ahaolute,  m 
&r  aa  it  k  oontrollcd  by  the  Meral  ootiatltu- 
tkm,'  and  they  may  legwate  the  uae  of  their 
ahorea  and  the  fiahariea  Oeraon,  piavided  SMh 
fagulatlona  do  not  intcrfcra  witfc  the  acta  of 
Congreaa.*  The  p*blk  right  of  idritw  in- 
dndaa  rintaping  mmI  fminty  all  ahdMitb, 
or  other  fiik,  wheat  aatiiral  IwMtal  k  between 
kirii  ud  low  waMf.aaA.> 

Sba-wbeo  wImm  oaat  mott  Ibe  knd  be<oi(g* 
to  the  owner  of  the  Ina  edjoining  the  aea- 
•bore,  «pon  the  gmwid  that  it  ineieeaea  grad- 
ually, it  being  wefnl  aa  •  aaawt  or  in  pro- 
tectiHt  of  the  ground,  aad  being  aeaM  eompen- 


••WaadU  laaA.  ft  Tan. 


WL.* 


4  Caw.  47$.    #.« 


be.  SM-  ♦•WiiiMil  LmKB.  >  Tea,  ^i  tteyOwy. 
m!>  XidiihaBSNa  beM  Aat  twihT<n'Maaaldg» 
Ml  IMUB  M  mMU  a  howa  wWek  hat  haw  dt- 
'  W  a  fatW*  iiaiaiy.     i  DulL^eio^  Mt^Xlyer. 


tT.  k.jeli  reuHaiM|iie,  i.  i,#.  jujf.  •:  ate*  __ 
te;  4f^rt  *n»  OmLttfi  anMw.aw:  |J«k 

SjlKaf"dr.«'»iyfe 

laal.  ItidHi.    Il|^.  till.  to,*,    i-ttegr.  8t.Tr.i«! 

»|7!  *fiK.44is  >yA«-L.*^.e4e2  4PeC.U.ft 


•ation  for  the  encmachmcnt  of  the  tea  upon 
iha  lend,* 

Sbbin  which  have  been  town  in  Ike  earth 
immediately  become  a  part  of  the  land  in 
which  they  have  been  town.' 

SiiziN  it  the  puHtattlon  of  real  properly 
with  an  intent  on  the  part  of  the  occupant  to 
claim  a  frecfold  inlere«l.t 

SIICI.VIUI.     Stt  Waste,  lielow. 

SiioAlJ.     See  C'uAtT*,  above. 

Shore  inclu<lc«  only  tuch  land  on  the  tide 
of  a  tea,  lake,  or  river,  where  the  water  cMm 
and  flowt,  at  liaa  between  high  and  low-water 
mark. 

Boil.    Rce  Waste,  below. 

SraiNoa  arc  the  etclutivc  property  of  the 
owner  of  the  toil.  When  ano^r  boa  an  eate 
ment  or  right  to  draw  water  from  tuch  a  tpring, 
acauirad  oy  grant  or  prctcripiion,  and  the 
ipnng  fidlt,  the  eaaement  ceaocts  but  if  it  re- 
torna  the  right  revivet.  The  owner  o(  land  on 
whidi  there  it  a  natural  tpring  ha*  a  right  to 
ute  it  fcr  domestic  and  culinary  p  rpoaei,  and 
for  watering  hit  cattle;  and  he  may  make, an 
aouedud  to  another  part  uf  hit  land,  and  Sue 
all  ihe  water  required  to  keep  the  aqueduct  in 
order,  or  to  keep  the  water  pire.'  He  may  alte 
ute  it  for  irrigation,  provided  the  volume  be 
not  materially  decro.iiicd.*  The  owner  of  Ihe 
spring  cannot  lawfully  tarn  the  current,  or  give 
it  a  new  direction ;  he  i*  bound  lo  let  it  enter 
the  inferior  ealata  on  Ibe  aame  level  it  ha*  been 
acctulomed  lo,  and  at  the  aame  place,  for  every 
man  i*  entitled  to  a  tircam  oi  water  (lowing 
through  hi*  land  without  diq[ifnui!on  or  altera- 
tion.* The  owner  of  the  aoperior  inheritance, 
or  land  on  which  there  it  a  tpring,  has  no  right 
lo  deprive  the  owner  of  the  estate  below  him  ;• 
nor  can  he  detain  Ihe  water  nnreaaonably.* 

Statute.    See  Waitb,  below. 

Stile*.    See  WAtTE,  below. 

Stone.    See  Waitb,  below. 

Stkawbbiiry  Bem.    See  WAtn,  below. 

SuREENOEE.    See  Conveyances,  ante. 

SUKVEVt  made  bv  auUMrity  of  law,  and  duly 
returned  into  tite  land  office,  are  matter*  of 
record,  and  of  equal  dignity  with  the  natent.* 

TwutB  ia  the  node  bv  which  one  hdd*  an 
aatate  in  laadai  the  apede*  of  right  or  title  to 
real  prapeity. 

TiMBEE.    See  Waite,  below.  *' 

TKAwraa.    See  title  CotmnrAifCB,  ante. 

Titn  are  a  part  of  the  real  ealata  while 
gmrhf  aad  before  they  are  aevered  frooi  ifae 


lit: 


irncnt  of  (Im  MA  npnn 

Mn  w^wn  In  Um  ««rtti 
purt   of   lh«   land   in 
nwn.* 

Hion  of  r«*l  proptriy 
Mrl  of  (ha  occnpant  lo 
i.« 

rt,  below. 
■%,  aliove. 

r  *uch  land  on  lh«  tide 
,  where  the  water  ebb* 
ten  high  and  lowwaMr 

below. 

claiive  property  of  the 
•n  another  ha«  an  eaae- 
ater  from  iiKh  a  tpring, 

prctcripiion,  ana  the 
ml  ceaacs ;  but  if  It  re- 

The  owner  of  land  on 
il  iprinK  baa  a  right  to 
I  culinary  p  rpoam,  and 
;  and  he  may  make, an 
irt  uf  hia  land,  and  iiM 

0  keep  the  aqticdiict  in 
ler  pure.'  Me  may  alio 
rovided  the  volume  be 
d.*  The  owner  of  the 
lam  the  current,  or  give 
k  bound  to  lei  It  enter 
s  tame  level  it  haa  been 
he  lamc  place,  for  eveiy 
Hream  oi  water  flowing 
lit  diminution  or  altera- 
ie  luperior  inheritance, 
il  a  apring,  has  no  right 

the  eatatc  below  him  i* 
rater  unreasonably.* 
TB,  below. 
I,  below. 
;  below. 

See  WAtn,  beknr. 
ONVRVANcn,  ante, 
ithority  of  bw,  and  duly 

1  oAoe,  mn  raatlcn  of 
gnity  with  the  Mient.* 
Inr  which  one  holds  an 
•del  of  right  or  tlilt  to 

■B,btlow.  " 

e  ComrsvAmaB,  ante, 
r  the  real  asiaie  while 
tf  $n  aaMivd  from  the 

--  KJIM. 


■MWarftC.C.»ii   ij 

}  Mtm^i,  i* ;  M  weed,  ija: 

■-I  VeMiM^Mt  I  rm. 

ife:  tr«5ll«.n6:   j  Id. 
ft  J.  m ;    I  Ovoi.  1^  i  I 


EEAL  PROPERTY. 


tet 


rrrchold  i  but  as  soon  aa  they  are  cut  down 
Ikey  are  penonal  pmpertv.  Tretii  lielnng  to 
ihc  owner  of  the  land  where  they  grow ;  but 
If  the  roots  go  out  of  one  man's  land  into  that 
i>f  another,  or  the  branches  spread  over  the 
uljnining  estates,  such  roots  or  branches  msy 
he  cut  on  by  the  owner  of  the  land  Into  which 
lliey  ihua  grew.*  When  the  roots  grow  into 
(he  sdioining  land,  the  owner  of  such  land  may 
Itwrullv  claim  a  light  to  hold  the  tree  In  com- 
mon with  the  owner  of  the  land  where  it  was 
planted ;  but  if  the  branches  only  overshadow 
Ihc  adjoining  land,  and  the  roots  do  not  enter 
It,  the  tree  wholly  belongs  to  the  owner  of  the 
(olate  where  the  roots  grow./  When  the  tree 
grows  directly  on  the  imundaryllne,  so  that 
the  line  passes  through  it.  It  is  the  property  of 
Urih  owners,  whether  it  he  marked  as  a  bound- 
ary or  not.*    See  Waste,  ttelow. 

Vmt.  An  estate  is  vested  in  possession 
when  thww  exists  a  right  of  present  enjoyment ; 
and  an  estate  it  vested  in  Interest  when  there 
it  a  present  fixed  right  of  future  enjoyment.* 

VisTBO  RBMAINDUI  are  csUtes  by  which 
the  present  interest  passes  to  the  party,  though 
In  Iw  enjoyed  In  the  future,  and  by  which  the 
estsle  is  invsriahly  fixed  to  remain  to  a  deter- 
minate person,  aAer  a  particular  esUte  is  es- 
tinguithed.* 

View.  Every  one  is  en!  led  to  a  view  from 
hit  premises;  but  he  thertl.y  acquires  no  right 
over  the  property  of  his  neighborc  The  erec- 
tion of  baildings  which  obstruct  a  man's  view, 
therefore,  is  not  unlawful,  and  such  buildings 
cannot  be  considered  a  nuisance.* 

W  A  a  RA  NTY.   See  title  Convey ANOB, "  Cov- 
enants," ante. 
Wainscot.    See  Waste,  below. 
Warikn.    See  Waste,  below. 
Waste  is  any  spoil  or  destruction  done,  or 
permitted,  to  lands,  houses,  or  other  real  prop- 
erty to  the  prejudice  of  the  owner  or  his  heirs. 
It  may  be  voluntary  or  permissive. 

rerraisaive  waate  to  buildings  consists  in 
omiiiing  to  keep  them  in  tenantable  repair; 
lulTering  the  timbers  to  become  rotten  by  neg- 
lecting to  cover  the  house;  or  sufficing  the 
wails  to  fall  into  decay  for  want  of  plastering; 
or  the  foundation  to  be  injured  by  neglecting  to 
turn  off  a  stream  df  water,  and  the  like.  At 
common  law,  the  mere  sullering  of  a  house  to 
remain  unroofed,  if  it  was  so  at  the  eommence- 
Dient  of  the  lease,  would  not  bt  waste;  bat  a 
tenant  aiaamcd  the  responsibilihr  of  any  other 
pert  of  the  hoose  thereby  beooraiB(  nUnoiit  or 
decayed;  and  so  although  no  injury  or  dastme- 
tioq  of  ft  hoose  by  liglitnia^  tenpcst,  or  the 
r  ublic  raeray,  would  not  be  waaM,  fit  to  sttf. 
ler  it  to  .«nain  minad  woald  b«.*    ItanBissiire 


i  ^>^  ^"-  J'  •»"£  s  a«n>i' 

«  "♦    rh.  laa.    y-»M.  Rani. 

*^^™*  ^%^^w#  St        IW 


4S4- 

i 


b.  tea,    ji 


07     , 


J<:a.  Lhts), 


waate  in  houses,  aa  a  general  rale,  is  now  only 
punishable  when  a  tenant  is  bound  to  repair, 
either  expressly  w  by  implication.* 

Voluntsry  waste   Is  committed  upon  culti- 
vated fields,  orchards,  gardent,  meadows,  and 
the   like,  whenever  a  tenant    uses   them  con- 
trary to  the  usual  course  of  huahandry,  or  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  exhsutl  the  soil  by  neg- 
ligent or   improper  tillagt-.'     It   is,  therefore, 
waste  to  convert  arable    land   into  woodland, 
or  the   contrary.s     Cutting   down   fruit   trees, 
although   planted   by   the    tenant    himself,   is 
wastr.*     So  if  an  outgoing  tenant  plough  up 
strawberry  beds    which  he   hss    bought  of  a 
former  tenant  when  he  entered.'     When  InnHs 
are  leased  on  which  there  are  open  mines  of 
metal,  or  coal,  or  piu  of  gravel,  lime,  clay,  brick 
earth,  and  the  like,  the  tenant  may  dig  out  of 
such  mines   rsr  pits,  hut  he    cannot  open  any 
new  mines  or  pits  without  being  guilty  of  watte  ) 
any  carrying  away  of  the  toil  it  also  watte.» 
Voluntary  watte   is  committed    in  houtei  by 
pulling  them    down,  or  by   removing   wain- 
tcotn,  floon,  l)encheA,  furnscet,  windows,  doors, 
shelves,  and  other  things  once  fixed  to  ilie  free- 
hold, although  they  hnvo  been  erected  by  the 
lessee  himself,  unless  they  were  mere  fixtures; 
and  this  kind  of  waste  may  take  place  not  only 
in  pulling  down  houses,  or  parts  of  them,  but 
alto  in  changing  their  forms,  as  if  a  tenont  pull 
down  a  house  and  erect  a  new  one  In  its  place, 
whether  it  be  larger  or  smaller  than  the  first,' 
or  convert  a  parlor  into  a  stalile,  or  a  gristmill 
into  a  fuelliDK-mi1l,o  or  turn  two  rooms  into 
one.*     The  building  of  a  house  where  there 
was  none  before,  by  the  strict  rules  of  the  com- 
mon law,  was  said  to  be  waste;*  and  taking  it 
down  after  it  was  built  was  waste  al»o.»    Volun- 
tary waste  may  be  committed  upon  timber ;  and 
in  those  countriea  where  timber  is  scarce  and 
valuable,  the  law  is  strict  in  this  respect.     The 
law  of  waste  accommodates  itself  to  the  varying 
wants  and  conditions  of  different  countries; 
that  will  not,  for  instance,  be  waste  in  an  entire 
woodland  country  which   would   be  so  in  a 
cleared  one.     The  extent  to  which  wood  and 
timber  on  such  land  may  be  cut  without  waste, 
is  a  ouestion  c  f  fact  for  a  jury  to  determine  un- 
der the  direction  of  the  court.*    A  tenant  may 
always  cut  trees  for  the  repair  of  houses,  fences, 
hedges,  stiles,  gates,  and  the  like;'  and  for 
making  and  repairing  all  instruments  of  hus- 
bandry; as  (dows,  carts,  harrows,  rakes,  <orks, 
etc. ;»  and  he  may,  when  unrestrained  by  the 
terms  of  the  lease,  cut  timber  for  firewood,  if 
there  be  not  enough  dead  timber  for  such  pur- 
poses;' but  where,  under  such  circumstances, 
he  is  entitled  to  cut  down  timber,  he  is  rt- 
strained,  nevertheless,  from  cutting  ornamental 

t  ^-^  S"*-  ^V**'?-  *  •  '<  K^-  <«9i  •  Hin  N. 

RpOsAbr.tis.   •-Co.  Utt.  si, «.    »^oni.  Dig.  Waaia 
»Ad.  ifi :    I  Matt       ' 


(P.  s)j   a  last.  M:   t  B 

list.(ilgsj.,;4hi.j»j 

(Cem.  Dig.  Wasu (D  t) :  UtaMrbart  Nat.  Bmr.  n^ 


ini :  B  niau.  4i4 ;  i 
IS  N.  V.  JJ4  •  i6  Cooa. 
*J*«9:  «  Watts,  jTl. 


i 


KEAL  PKOPKItTY. 


MM,  or  iHm.-  pt«ni«d  for  *h«lt«r;«  or  to  «•- 
cIimIo  od^ta  frfxn  iigbl.*  A  teiuuit  at  •  do*«- 
hiMiM,  wamn,  park,  K'^  pond,  or  Ibw  like, 
would  •!•<'  Iw  giMUy  »f  «  lit,  if  M  took  %w*f 
Miim*k  Ihcrefnim  io  Mich  m  ctUml  M  not  to 
lkav«  m  Ur|[»  •  tti>ck  of  thcoi  m  b«  found 
wkm  bo  CMM  In.*  Windr^ilU  ar*  th«  |»r'>)>- 
trty  al  lh«  kiHlktrds  ft*  wh»«t»«r  U  »over«<' 
1^  iMviUblo  evenU,  M,  l»y  •  '.empwrt.  or  by  • 
trnpamr,  «''^  by  wrung,  bokMf*  tu  hUn  who 
liM  lh«  nhcdtjine*.* 

la  gooontl,  •  Mitant  i«  nMWttrabio  (or  waKa 
allkoogli  It  ia  cooiinliietl  by  a  ttrangar,  ttx  ho 
if  iho  ciMtudian  -(  (h«  oporijr,  aad  mmt  toko 
Ua  ronody  ovo  Biu  bo  U  not  lUMo  when 
Iho  daofMgo  ia  ciius«d  by  llghlnins,  tempviti,  or 
a  publie  onemy.*  Ho  It  obo  liaUo  al  oiinnKm 
law  for  all  damagoa  dono  by  fir«,  Mcidootal  or 
athorwiao,  U|mai  'ho  pomiaca,  uolaaa  thtt  bo 
eaatplad  in  tho  loaao,  though  accidoslol  flro* 
will  not,  through  ttaiutory  «nactm«it  throogh- 
out  tho  Sutca,  rentier  htm  llabU.  TIm  pro- 
tMlioa  oftirdod  by  thcae  atalutoa  o«tooda  only 
to  •  caao  of  acci  lental  6re — that  ia,  (o  one 
which  cannot  bo  traced  to  any  paiticvlar  or 
wilful  cauac — ar.d  stands  oppoacd  to  the  neg!; 

Imco  of  ciibor  aorvaiita  or  maalcra ;  and  Ihere- 
uro  Ml  action  itill  li«a  agoinat  a  ptroon  upon 
whoao  promiaoa  •  firo  conuaoncoa  through  tho 
nogligenco  of  himaolf  or  hia  lorvMta,  and  b 
productivo  of  injury  to  hia  noighbor.* 

Tho  Todrwa  for  injurioa  of  tho  forogoiag 
dwraoter  aro  alllior  provontivo  or  corrective, 
which  awT  forfoil  tho  tenant't  further  orcu- 
poncy  of  tlM  pnmirea,  at  w«ll  as  aubject  I  .im 
to  osomplaiy  maugea  for  ait  injury  dorr. 

Watba.  a  pool  of  water,  or  a  ilroan  or 
waler-courM,  ia  coaaidered  m  port  of  tho  land  s 
hence  a  pool  of  twenty  acrea  woold  poaa  by 
tho  grant  of  twenty  ncrte  of  land  without 
montioaing  tho  water>  A  mere  grant  of  water 
poaaea  onlv  a  fishery  ;*  Init  (ho  owner  of  land 
over  whicB  water  flowi  may  grant  the  Un^^  re- 
ienring  tho  uae  of  all  tho  water  to  hioMeli,  or 
may  great  the  uae  of  all  or  a  portioa  of  the 
water,  reaerring  the  fee  of  the  had  to  hlanelf  .* 

tfiiiH^fmrMt  la  a  legal  acaie  aro  oomprc- 
headodavCerthegcaeraineaMof  laad;  eothat 
a  grant  of  lend  ooaveya  to  Iho  graateoaotonly 
fielda,  neadowa,  and  the  Uhe.  bat  aba  aB  the 
riven  and  atraaiBa  which  aataraJly  paaa  over 
the  nrfaca  of  the  lead.*     Thoas  who  »wa 


I 


▼e». Ch. 4i».  ▼■!« v««  Oi. J7S 1  r l»«l- £*>W '• 


•Cka.    w 


M|:  I  "nwa.  ■•■{  I  Owiio.  t»4.    »Ce.  ai  laai.  j^i 


Taaebat.  tni 


F.  MoeeatOii  (CO.  •>!  BMp. 

Cooaa.  ft.   mrt  om^.moit  f  J«»«.  4«i )  e  t 

Laa«.  %T-  !•••     b^  M.  Cmm.  itj  jfW.U.nt, 


lend  bounding  ojM>n  i  wMttemtn*  are  rnmrn 
ally  known  aa  riporlaa  proprletJtrm.'  By  ih* 
lelaa  of  the  rnmmun  law  all  pruptlelori  «( 
landa  have  precincly  the  Muiin  rtghu  U>  wat«M 
flowing  Ihrmigh  ibcir  diNnalna,  and  one  can 
M  pcrmttled  »•)  to  um  the  aircaffl  a«  lu 


Injure  or  aam^y  lh<Me  ttluaied  on  the  coiine  u( 
it  eiitier  abi>vo  or  bel<»«  him.  They  have  no 
p.oparty  In  the  water  i>:««lf,  but  «  timpio  right 
(o  uae  It  I  accordingly  while  m<  t>  tucceaJvt 
liparian  neoprlrtor  U  emitk<l  to  ilx  reaaonablt 
uae  of  the  w«ier  lor  the  tiipply  of  hia  aalurtl 
waata,  and  iur  the  o|ieraii<in  ii(  milb  and  iii« 
chiaerv,  he  baa  no  right  to  flow  the  water  ba>  ic 
upon  iae  prtiprietur  above  i'  not  to  iliM-'baige  it 
•o  aa  to  floo<l  the  |iro|iri«u>r  below  i*  nor  to  di- 
vert the  water,*  even  f«ir  the  pur)>o^  i>f  Irriga- 
tion, unleaa  It  be  returned  without  eaaoniitl 
diminution  ^  nor  to  olndruct  ur  dclnin  it,  ex- 
cept for  aome  rea«onal>le  purpnae,  such  aa  to 
otxaia  a  head  of  water  kit  a  mill,  and  to  Ix 
again  diicharged,  ao  aa  tu  allow  all  on  tho 
Mme  itream  a  fair  partlctpaliun  i*  nor  to  mit- 
rupt  the  quality  "f  '"«  w*l«r  l>y  unwholeaomc 
or  diacoloring  imptiritiea.i  HuL  wlule  auch  art 
the  righu  of  the  riparian  proprietow  when  an 
albcted  by  eoniract,  iheae  rfghti  are  sul>|ect  tu 
cndlcea  aiodilleaiiona  on  the  part  of  thoae  en 
titled  by  their  enjovment,  either  by  grant,*  or 
by  roaervation,*  or  by  a  licoHae,*  or  by  agree- 
rnenl,'  or  by  twenty  yeara  adverte  enjoyawnt, 
from  which  a  grant  or  contract  wilt  be  im- 
plied,<  in  each  a  way  *•  to  adapt  the  aaee  of 
the  water  to  the  compiea  aad  multiplying  de- 
maads  aad  lanwwveawnla  of  dvUiaatioa. 

Wheievor  a  water-eoane  dividw  two  catale* 
each  aatate  estenib  to  the  thread  or  central  line 
of  the  aMamt  but  the  ripatian  owner  of 
neither  can  lawfully  carry  on  any  ;>srt  of  the 
watw  without  the  (xmaent  of  the  other  capo- 
tite,  each  riparian  proprielor  bein;;  entitled  aoi 
to  half  or  aay  other  proportion  of  the  water, 
but  to  the  whole  bulk  of  the  atieam  aadivided 
aad  ladiviaible.'  Where  •■  bland  b  on  one 
aide  of  a  river,  le  aa  to  give  the  ripririan  owner 
of  that  tide  only  ose-fo^th  of  tho  water,  he  hat 
no  right  l«  plaee  obatmctiom  at  the  head  of 
the  blaad  to  CMue  one  ^^If  i4  the  Mream  to 
deaceud  on  hb  tide  vf  the  river,  but  the  owaer 
oppoaUe  b  eatitted  to  the  natural  flow  of  the 
remainiag  thrae-foorth   ' 

M%  b-ir  Jehaa.  }■«;  1 2**1.111:  S  Vt,  jy«  j  ]  Han. 
ftl.a}!.  Mv  Corn.  iM;  ii  Johaa.  ■>«;  >•  Im 
sif,  aiAtoJWJI.)!*;   aVt«f.j   )|lb«.Ti 

ia«!»Caaa.  M,  I^MFMati.a|li  aelM*.a»;i 
ijUt^Wi  •  *W-  L.*  le-»«T:  s  Hli,4iti  4 

!jroaaa.t«t  a  Mef.(llatt.)i|i:  n».k]k.wtin 


MOaaa 


%\t:l 


,L. 


a  wM9ttrmn»  itt*  mmn- 
tan  pru|irlM<>n.'  By  ih« 
n  Uw  all  mii|[Ml«(on  <>( 
lh«  Mnin  n|{hi*  U>  walvn 
ir  <tow«ina,  anil  o««  caii 
•>  to  IMC  ih«  tircam  m  lu 
I  iMMBlcd  on  tb«  c<HirMi  11/ 
iluw  him.  't'h«]r  hav*  nn 
ir  leMlf,  but  a  «i«pi«  rif  hi 

;l)f  whlU  «•<  h  tucCMUVt 
tnlUl<«l  t(i  III-*  r««MMMbl« 
lh«  iiiitply  ot  bla  natural 
IMraiMtn  <if  mllb  and  11)4 
|ht  lu  Huw  lh«  walwr  Iwtk 

|irl«tar  below  J*  iMjf  t«  Hi- 
(iif  lh«  puriio^e  of  ini|(ii' 
i<uriit«l  wxhout  awMilul 
oMiract  or  dclAin  It,  «i- 
nal)l«  |Mirpna«,  itu:h  M  to 
iltr  dxe  a  mill,  Aiiti  lo  Iw 
I  a*  lu  allow  all  oa  the 
wriicipalioH  i*  mw  to  cor' 
«  wahir  tiy  unwholcaooic 
tt«a.'  Bui  wliile  kuch  ar« 
rlan  propri«t(.in  *!!«!»  an 
ihcM  rr^hti  ara  tuliject  to 
I  on  Ihc  part  of  thcfM  an 
ntnt,  either  by  |rraat,*  ur 
f  a  hiVKiie,*  or  by  afrac- 

y«ar»  adverte  enjoyiMnI, 

or  contract  wilt  m  im- 
'  M  lo  adapt  the  aaaa  of 
plai  aad  naltlolying  dt- 
Mnl*  of  dvUisatlon. 
«a«r*«  divldM  (wo  tiiatai 
>  the  thread  or  canlral  Una 
:  th*  ripaiian   owner  of 

carry  <«  any  [«rt  of  the 
onaent  of  the  other  oMto- 
opfklor  beln^c  entitled  aot 

proportion  of  the  water, 
k  of  lh«  MNam  undivided 
hora  an  Uand  ia  on  one 
to  give  iIm  riftxiikn  owner 
foortk  of  the  wMar,  h«  hat 
MtmctkMW  at  tho  head  of 
one  ^alf  <4  the  Mreaai  to 
if  the  river,  but  the  owaer 
to  the  natural  flow  of  the 
th   ' 


•"""*■  Vt'  »  "'■•♦•J,* 


•lAL  l^OPKItTY^KBCBlPTI. 


•n 


Where  theve  la  an  andargnwad  How  ..f 
wAier  »o  wall  defittad  a«  to  be  a  coiMtuni 
<ir«am,  the  own«r  uf  the  Und  lhrmi|h  wJ.Uh 
It  fltiw*  ha«  BO  right  l«  divert  it  I..  iM  Injury 
of  the  [wraon  on  whoae  lanci  It  cornea  lo  the 
iurf.tce  an  a  •f>riiig  t 

WiiABr*.  iha  %rym\  Slalaa  being  trwnen 
of  the  loll  of  tide  wi»tara  within  their  r««{i*iiiilvfl 
irrrliiirlea,  may  by  low  anihorlae  and  regulate 
the  erection  of  whaifa  II  '««m,  until  the  gen- 
<Tiil  government  thall  hav  leglilated  upon  •  he 
ulijert.t  In  the  nnvigable  fresh  water  river* 
lie  ri|«rian  profirleton,  being  the  owHvn  of 
ii-r  bed  of  the  itrcam,  may  wharf  out  to  (he 
>liaiinel,  tuhject  only  to  the  cnn  Uu<jn  (hat  they 
•lu  not  mMarially  mtemipt  the  navigatioo. 

WiNi.FA!  101.     See  W'AiTt,  above. 

WiN(>»Wi     See  Wahtb,  alM»ve. 

Wm>ui.     8m  W/MTi,  above. 

■eaMMd.  8m  Armoetna*. 
■••••Ua*.  iU*  KviMMca. 

mMfMirrU.  •MBA^uaairraiCowraA'-n:  Con- 
\oANm     K».«A*aa. 

A  RrcKiT  Id  a  written  acknowledgment  of 
piyment  of  money  or  delivery  of  chatlela. 

Ah  AcqfiTTAKCK  is  a  diKhiirg*  or  rvieoM 
Anm  a  debt.  The  writing  which  ta  cvdhtnco 
of  the  d>*  lafge.  A  receipt  n  full,  which  Ura 
a  further  demaad.  An  agi.  ment  In  writing 
t.>  diichafge  a  jwrty  from  u>  engagemitnt  to 
pay  a  lum  of  money.  It  differs  tn,m  a  ivlciue 
in  lhi«.  I^at  the  Utter  i«  anrler  leat,  while  an 
acquittance  is  not.'  li^t  thuu>;h  n<it  under  aeal 
It  hdi  nearly  the  Mme  effect  a»  a  r«lm»a.« 

A  receipt  U  often  eteful  itt  evidence  of  fact* 
c<>lldl«ral  to  Ihoae  atated  ia  It.  It  provea  the 
payment,  and  whatever  inference  may  be 
ieijiilly  drawn  from  th'?  fact  of  the  payment 
Hew  r  bed,  will  be  auppwleti  by  (he  receipt. 
Thuii,  receipt*  for  rent  for  a  given  Cme  Have 
hten  held  ^mmfacii  eviclimce  of  the  pa  1  lent 
of  all  ent  previ'Nialy  accrued.*  And  they 
have  l)»en  admitted  en  trial  of  a  writ  of  right 
M  ihiiwing  aels  of  o«vnerdhip  on  the  part  of 
him  who  gave  lhem.«  A  receipt  given  by  A. 
lo  B.  fui  the  price  of  a  hone,  aiterwarda  levied 
on  at  th«  propeitvof  A.,  but  ehiiwed  by  H., 
w»»  onca  admitted  aa  evidenca  of  <  nenl,  1 . 
igainat  tha  atUching  tmditor.v  A  recnjit  "  in 
Ml  of  A\  aeconnu,"  thaamomit  being  leaa 
than  that  called  far  iqr  the  aocouU  of  the  party 
giving  it,  wu  held  in  bi(  favor  evidence  of  a 
mutual  aettlement  of  accounta  on  both  aidca, 
and  a  payment  of  the  balance  a»«ertidncd  lo  ba 
due  after  sctitng  olT  one  account  again*!  tha 
other.*     A  receipt  giTen  bjr  «■  attorney  Ibr 


^if.  fit 


.?  ■ 


Lin.  »i»,  a.  mn.    If  mT  imda 

to  •hew  a  cruaaliijaiiaa  iMMiar. 


•ecurttie*  he  waa  to  rollrct  and  R.roun(  fof 
ha*  been  held  preaumpiive  evUleii.e  of  the 
genuineneaa  and  jutinetM  of  the  tecuritiaa.i 
And  when  a  general  receiiit  la  giv«n  by  aa 
>.Ui*ney  for  an  ••xlence  of  d«lit  ihen  due,  it 
will  lie  preaume<l  h«  receiver!  It  In  hi*  tapavlty 
»•  attorney  for  collection  j  and  it  l«  liicumlieni 
on  him  to  thow  he  received  it  f«r  Mmie  other 
purfMise  If  he  w..uld  avoid  an  action  fur  nrg|««| 
in  n>A  cojleciing.r 

A  receipt  la  executed  by  the  per*m  to  whtrn 
Ike  delivery  »»r  p« ,  »-»«'ni  la  made,  an!  may  l^  u«ed 
aa  evidence  againut  him  (im  tha  general  principle 
which  allow*  the  aamiaaiun  or  declaratiim  of  a 
party  to  be  given  i«  evidence  againm  himaeir. 
A*  an  iaatrument  of  evidence,  the  receijii  of 
'me  peraon  is.  In  genrraJ,  inoperative  against 
another,  although  ^en  useful  a*  a  voucher  in 
the  private  astilement  trf  account,  And  le- 
celrti  of  public  officers  are  ai«n«itme«  admia- 
aible  ^r  u*  It  It  ••  ntial  to  a  re<^elpt  that  it 
acknowledge  the  pavmeni  or  delivery  referred 
to.»  Also,  the  receipt  mu«l,  from  the  nature 
of  the  caae,  be  in  writing,  n  m1  muat  he  deliv- 
ered to  the  drbtor;  for  a  ni^  Jioraml  xm  of  pa»» 
ment  maiie  l>y  the  creditor  i.t  hi*  own  booka  » 
no  receipt.  * 

The    mere    ackno-mledgment    of    payment 
made  la  not  treated     i  law  aa  binding  or  con- 
cliiiive  In  any  high  degree.     So  f.r  ««  ,  limple 
acknowledgment   of    (wymcnt  on   delivery  i* 
concerned,  it   ii   presumptive  eviaence   only,* 
and  (h.  la  get.r  ti,  vipen  to  explanation,'*  being 
an  ex<;«pdon  to  -he  gcrvral  rule  that  parol  avj. 
dence  cxawH  be  admitted  to  contradict  or  vary 
a  written  instrument.*     Thu*.  *   paity  may 
alway*  show,  in  explanation  of  a  receipt  lim- 
it»il  to  auck    tihnowlr.lgment,  (he  actual  clr- 
cunwtancaa  nn>ier  which  it  was  made,'r.  g. 
that  It  waa  obiMned  by  fraod,*  or  given  under 
a  mittakaj*  or  ihat,  in  point  of  fact,  no  money 
waa  actnally  (fli.i  **  atated  in  ll,» 
IH  CCNTRACTt.'  ETC. 
A  receipt  may  embody  a  conlr«c4,  and,  in 
thit  case,  H  Is  not  open  to  the  expianation  or 
contradiction  pcrmiited  in  the  caMi  of  a  limple 
receipt^     The  iact  that  it  embodic*  an  agree- 
ment, bring!  It  within  the  rule  that  all  matten 
rntiag  ia  paid  are  merged  in   the  writing.* 
Thu«,  a  racaipt  which  w  uain*  aclau»e  amount- 
ing to  an  wreament  at  to  the  apiiilication  to  ba 
made  of  the  money  paid — an  when    it  it  ad- 
vanced on  account  of  future  irantactlon*— is 
not  imen  to  pa»'.l  ev^  'ence  Inconsistent  with  ii  ' 
A  bin  of  parcels  with  prices  aflixc<i   .endercd 
bjr  a  aaller  of  goodh  to  a  purcha»<  > ,  with  a  re- 


|t  }Id.]<r:  *M.ae«i  »C«w.  »4.  t«W«rt  460.  ,« 


J«3  :    1  McLmii  C 

4)«:    •  I'«r   *D, 


wftalii. 


M|hl,  ^ ,.  4  Marr..  *  iuii.  ..T  CSWa:^ 

!9o:   lit.  T  »«!    ••Vt. 


n*"^«n, 

hM  ***  1  J. .,.  . 

aniv,  EvmimcB.    . 
>f,¥»\  >sld.4i7. 


•ca.     l-SiadTstf;  14  W*W.  >■•;  la 


*; 


Riciim. 


Mifl  «f  paynMni  •«m«i«H  ■!  iM  C'loi.  wm  ttcM 
•t  •••  WM  to  untmnt  lo  •  cimiKmI  ciI  mU*  i»f 
<^  fiHKU,  •■««<  lhar«l*>««.  wf  <ifi«n  U»  ^rol 
cxml^Mlton,  «hil«,  In  iM«'>nt«r  '■Mw,  •  «tmtUr 
Mil  WM  llaUl  naral*  •  r«i:««v<.  lh«  (Mil  U  Ih* 
hiut4  Mug  <ie«aM>l  only  •  aiiOMirtiitiMni  l« 
»h.  •  l<»  wfon  »h«  r«<  «l|»«  A|H»lk««l  •  A  btli  i>l 
Mifl^  which  uauailjr  omtiutM  woi^  ./f  r«c«)|i« 
ItNliiig  III*  ehar«(i«r,  <))tM<««ll*.  tni  co«<1Uiuu 
nt  ih«  loiMia  M  •l«Iiv«r«<i  to  tlui  enrrlM,  t«  ih« 
•ut^ci  u<  •  MMiMwhkt  paeiillar  rul*.  It  I* 
h«l<i  thM  (o  fM  M  lh«  r«c«itii  i«  Minc«nM<i,  It 
max  *»•  •«pl«»'""*  *»y  p*"^'  *«'  ••  «^P«^''« 
th«  •({mmanl  to  carry  sn4  il«ltv«r,  'h«  l"'4  ii  a 
contract,  «u  he  cua*liue<l  Ilka  all  <KHcr  com 
irai-w,  according  to  iha  lagal  linpurt  -^  iti 
ttrma,  aad  canmit  N  van«<l  Gy  panJ* 

Whara  lh«  paymanl  la  iMa4a  in  »oma  imuiicii- 
Ur  ciir'«ncy  Of  mollum,  ■><  ilim'^ful  Imiik  lulla, 
a  pluraiMury  »<•«•  o<  aninhcr  |iar«on,  ate, 
ctaua««  ara  «Aan  Inaertafl  In  r««ai|il«  tpaclfylng 
lh«  coailiiloii  in  which  auch  motie  of  (taymnnt 
to  »er«|itad.  Tha  gan.^r*!  rula  i*  that  nego- 
liabta  tjaper  gt»««  In  |»ym*nt  U  prf •'imad  to 
hava  bean  acceptad  oti  (he  cortditiun  that  it 
•hall  nut  witrk  a  diicharga  <>(  tha  danian4 
unlaw  tha  panar  ihall  uliimataly  {woduca  Mits- 
faetltmi  and  If  an  ixent  to  acceut  it  abaolulcly 
doti  not  alllrmallvely  a|i|war,  ina  craditur  it 
«ntlti«d,  in  OUM  tlK  fxtper  turnad  oat  to  him  i* 
iliihonorad.  to  ranurit  U  and  claim  to  ba  paid 
anaw.*  If  tha  raeaipt  ia  ailanl  on  that  aafajc<  i, 
It  to  optn  to  axptonatlun,  and  tha  craditor  may 
ralMt  tt  bjr  proof  that  th**  p«ym«nt  adnlttad 
waa  ia  fact  mada  by  a  noia,  bill,  chack,  bank- 
nutaa,  aftarvarda  aacaruined  to  ba  conntarfeif, 
or  notaa  of  ft  bank  in  fact  Insolvant,  though  nut 
kiKiurn  to  h«  ao  tri  (h«  Mrtiea,  ate*  Butlf  tha 
a;(rtem*nt  of  tha  panic*  to  tpccifiad  in  tha  ra- 
cel|it,  tha  clauaa  «hi<:h  conUln*  It  will  bind 
tha  partlea.  aa  baling  in  tha  natvra  of  a  con- 
irMt.'  A  receipt  for  a  nota  taken  in  payment 
of  an  account  will  n9l,  in  general,  cmailtttte  a 
defence  to  an  action  oti  the  account,  unlena  it 
appean  bf  proof  that  the  vrediior  agreed  to 
receive  tlM  note  as  pajraicnt,  antl  take  tiM  liaii 
of  to  being  paid.* 

IN  DiKDt. 

The  efleo  to  ba  glTtn  to  a  receipt  for  the 
Gonaideratlon-monej,  ao  fraqvcntly  inaertad  in 
a  daed  of  nal  (wopertr,  baa  baeit  the  auhject 
of  naaMrooa  and  coaiUctliic  adjadicalion*. 
The  genand  priitcipla  ictilad  bjr  weight  of 
authority  to,  tbat  for  the  porpaaa  of  itHtaining 
i!m  cottvayaaoa  aa  against  tha  vtndor  and  hto 

■a.]Cruab.Jii|  t«M».  B»i.     **?*T«?t'   » 

itrkiil  .toStf.  jWaa  aa»a,PA«aiiT.     • 


privtaa,  the  rMwiot  to  atiiMlaai««|  Ihay  ar* 
*iiin|i|iail  tu  dany  tMl  a  enoaideraiion  waa  pai<l 
•  i<A<  i»ni  t<j  tuatain  tha  ecm*  vyanra*  H«t  In  i 
•iiU«i|M«n4  a<:ti«m  fitr  Iho  inirthaaa  mnnay,  > 
U|H<ci  any  fi>lU*«ral  damamf,  *.  r.,  Il«  an  attl.n 
lu  r««4)«ar  a  dtbt  which  »•«  In  Mci  paid  by  ih« 
Cfinmryance,  or  in  an  aiiwtn  fi>r  dam*ga«  f<« 
bra««h  of  «o»a»i  "M  in  the  dead,  and  th*  Ilk', 
tha  grantor  mas  *how  ih«i  the  <tH»«liWrttti<ri 
waa  mit,  in  htt.  pa»a-~4h«l  an  additional  c... 
•i><eratlo«  to  tliu  manll«f(*ii  wa»  agittfl  f'l, 
ale"  And  when  the  d««d  la  attacked  f. 
fraud,  or  la  imueathad  hy  trrdil<»r»  aa  voli«n 
lary,  and  th«i«nira  void.  »i  when  the  objeci  u 
to  ihow  tha  convayniHa  illegal,  the  r*v'ei|< 
•ay  be  eaplainad  or  OMrinuUctad.T 

IN  FULL.  BTC. 

\^>i*na  r«:»int  a<  nowladgea  paymanl  "  m 
fhll "  of  a  ipacihed  .leU,  ur  "In  full  rJ  all  at 
c<««inta  "  or  of  "  all  demand*  "  tha  iiintinmanl  U 
o(  much  higher  and  rour*  OMiilutive  cKaractcr. 
It  doea  mit,  indeed,  like  a  rekane,  otwrata  ii|h« 
tha  dicmand  ItMilf,  citinguldiiitg  it  by  any  fMct 
or  viitu*  n  tha  rt«  eiix,  but  it  b  avidanea  of 
a  compr  >n)>M  ami  mutual  sattlamant  of  the 
righu  of  tha  partlei  Tha  law  inlet*  from 
such  ackn(iwte<lgn>ent  an  ad|u*tmaat  of  the 
aotount  due  ^flcr  coniid*r«t'<»i  of  the  claiim 
of  each  party,  and  tha  paymin*  of  tha  ipacidf! 
sum  aa  a  final  sailtfactltm.'  This  Cfimpr<aiiiw, 
thus  ihowii  liy  tha  receipt,  will  often  operate  tu 
aatingui  I  <l«m«iii,  although  tha  credltut 
may  be  n  '<  t.>  *how  he  did  not  receive  all  thnt 
he  justly  lughl.'  If  the  tijjhto  of  a  narty  art 
doobtfiil  are  honestly  contested,  and  time  li 
given  1.1  allow  him  t«>  satiufy  hiiiiMilf,  a  re«el|^ 
in  full.  I  hough  given  for  lets  than  hto  jast  rights, 
will  not  be  set  aside  Thus,  in  general,  a  re~ 
ceipt  in  full  to  cunclusiv*  when  given  with  • 
knowl«d|(*  of  the  circumuancea,  and  when  the 
party  giving  it  cannot  complain  of  any  misapprt 
liansion  as  (n  the  compromise  he  waa  making, 
or  of  any  fraud.'  But  receipts  of  this  character 
are  not  wholly  citempt  d-'n  exf^anaiion  i  frsud 
or  mlsrapreaentatkm  may  1<«  proved,  and  ^) 
may  such  mistake  aa  enters  into  and  vltiai<  > 
the  comproniaa  of  the  demand  admitted.s  The 
evidence  in  capUaation  must  l<«  clear  and  full, 
and  addrtaaad  to  tha  point  that  there  waa  not 
in  fact  an  intaaded  and  valid  coropromise  of 
the  daoumd.  For  If  the  cmnpromise  wsa  not 
binding,  the  laoaipt  in  full  will  not  aid  it.  The 
receipt  only  opaiiaa*  as  evidence  of  a  ooai' 
pnattoa  which  euii^piitbed  the  claim.' 

8«li  |CaaB.tyt  iRasr. ftO.  ija:  aHiijwh.  |l4i  > 

lad.  net  isII.s|b;  iM«;kttA.««.    ftaihwasit 
aMayeMMmrycisaa.    SaaiMe^:  sld.aMI  yjahas 


i1|MACI10N< 


Cwttj,  4t ;_ s.  ■••».  aei ; 


irt."»*£!'i'Eiw.'a5 
yet  «  Waah.  C.  C.  jle. 


ROM.  jr.«Vl.  j«>:  illaa.  «7}: 
.aas.  0«yi  y,  jCs"»* 
aeit  4lfarT.  ft  McH.  nt:  t 


ia.ii-tl^.!^1'?W«B;«t' 


■  >WMlJlf»tUm  «r«*  (wi'l 
m  Wfiyini«'     Hwl  tn  > 

MMM,  *. /..  lu  *n  •ill.  . 
dl  WM  In  Kiel  ptui  liyih« 
I  tiiMm  for  it«m*Kc«  <■« 
n  (h«  ila«il,  anil  lh>.  Iili 
«r  <h«»  tka  c<>n«l>l»r><i'  • 
— that  Ml  •'lillli'iiiul  •■Ml 
•niUt<>«il  wM  «(|>««l  (■". 
ba  <l««il  ta  «iucli«>l  I 
hI  *»y  cr»<lit'»f»  M  »'>l>". 
M.  »•  whan  th«  ob)«(i  h 
rniK«  ilUgiil,  liM  r«««l|4 
doaUMlkUd.* 

'^mmltdgn  paymral "  m 
1«I4,  iir  "  In  full  rtl  »il  w 
im«ruU  "  lh«  iii*li«m«n(  u 
muifl  iiiiitlutiv*  ck«nw<tr 
ika  •  r«l«f>it«,  o|wr«l«  minmi 
linguiilititg  ll  by  My  fofct 
i|'t,  Imt  it  ^*  «vt<l«tc«  of 
mutual  MHtUnMrni  of  the 
I  Tk«  Uw  InibM  from 
ni  M  Mlju»tin««t  of  iht 
>n»iit«nii><>n  of  Out  cUinn 
M  (Mvmon*  of  lh«  t|Mclfu  ' 
;lU>«i'*  't  hl«  ccjwpfnlliuc, 
c«tp(,  will  often  op*r«ie  to 
4,  •ilhuugh  ik«  cr«<litu( 
H«  dlii  n«t  r«c«)v«  ail  thni 

the  rt|{hU  of  •  party  art 
ly  c<>ii(e«(e<1,  ana  time  ii 
I  Miufy  hlnt»«lf,  a  rtK*\\* 
for  IcM  than  hit  ja»i  righo, 
Tbu«,  in  gcnaral,  a  i<r 
lusivr  when  |iv«ii  with  • 
cumMancM,  and  when  the 
complain  of  any  minaoprc 
mpromltc  he  waa  making, 
)t  receipts  of  ihi*  character 
pi  fi  >tn  explanation  t  fhi<i<l 

may  l>«  ptroved,  and  ••-> 
■  enlam  into  and  yitiati-i 
m  deman'i  admiltad.*  The 
ion  mux  l>«  clear  and  full, 

point  that  there  waa  n« 
and  valid  camoromiM  of 
'  the  compromite  w«t  no* 
n  full  will  not  aid  il.  The 
a  0*  evidence  of  n  Mat- 
iniahed  the  cUim.* 


4»»:  J 


tr.mfi.  tmi  •     w- 

(•■.  *  M.  113:  •  OWo,  ifc:  I 
4«:   jM<I.Vh.DM.^I  H 


«4?  ;    ■•  N.  It.  ■! 


W-wVl. 


Km.    J-aVl.  s«>:  •«•  171: 
aeil   4lfwrT,  &  McH.  ■!«;  4 


llKCKiKr»~llRLK.Vi»IU. 


••I 


LAICBNY  AND  FOROBRY  OP 

A  t»t*t|i<  m<iy  I"  the  auli^o.!  of  lari:cny*  or 
ot  (iinrery,*  and  1'  i*  a  (uMclaM  "  Hlt*rln|| '  uf  a 
riirged  receipt  i»  plate  II  In  the  hamta  r  7  «  (wi 
••>f>  fiir  Inapacilun,  wlih  intent  Irauduknily  lu 
iitiiiMa  iMm  to  mail*  an  ailvanc*  on  the  I'aHh 
that  (he  payment  mcntloncti  In  ihe  •ptirlutM 
t<i«ip«  haa  been  made  * 


H«aeiva4  •*  A. 

■  •'•unl  tkr    — ) 


■••MMMlty. 

FM«e  — • ,  Dwtf . 

Ihe  *mm  af  —  deM^en 


"••t'Trt  •'..^i-*  '"  '•*"*      '"^  BafeiaTMe) 


4«a«rllMM 

tiktm) 


](/  t»4  iiUHtti  «r  Mil ' 


'W>r# 


Racal*«4  Ihia  ~     Sa,  «/ ,  *i  Mr, 

Iha  haM  ef  •.  r..  the  aum  eftwaary-tl' 

IN  fVill,  fer  aertain  gnWIa  (««■  ttftunM-s  baufht  by 
"  """  '      " aai 

A.  f. 


r,C.I»..l 
Iva  iof 


MlltC. 

Iha 


«ldi/»f - 


n.  er  m«,  I>a«w4ian  Ika 
4a]r  .if 

/>M.Awaa  hMttatt. 

fliU«4alplila. 

4*y  91 •  •»  A.  II  .  a4min- 

Iha  aauta  af  D.  D.  Ibtai  of   —  d«. 
J  aam  af  —  ««llars  la  (toll  of  «  a«bt 
awing  ma  k* aal4  D.  D. , la  Ma  Ufatlma,  lar  houaa< 
hold  faada,  fcf  ma  a«l4  him.         l.Hr"»Ji    A.  B. 
Raovipl    lai  r«ll  •fall  DaiHnnda. 

•"  ■  Wa«a ,  Data . 

Ilacalva4  «(  A    B,  the  aum  af dollara  In  Ml 

of  ail  tfemaada  a«alaa<  him.  C   D. 


Raaalvad  itila 

irater  af 

««aaa4,  the  earn  af 


lalrata 


.   ^1 l»*>~l«i«»r«>ai«. 

lara  la  fall,  far  •*»  year's  Intereet  af  ana  (hausand 

■•"'i*!? '  i"*  •"•  "»• *"y  •'  - — .  •"  a  bona  of 

•aid  &  O.,  dated  the fayal .         A.  B, 

Raaaivad  tnia day  «f     -.  af  Mr.  C.  D.,  the 

turn  af  -—  dallars,  fu,  ^n*  yaar'a  Intaraat  af  fl«a 

thouaand  dellara,  dua  ma  on  the  - —  day  af 

laat,  au  a  b«n4  firam  aaM  C-  D.  te  -na 


—  dollara 
A   B. 


Raeeivati  an  the  withM  ohUgatlon 
Intaraat. 

K. calved  ihia  —  Xm  af  **ef  ■.  X.,  aaetu- 
lor  of  the  >aat  ^lU  and  taatamtnl  af  D.  D.,  af 
---.  dacaaaid  iia  aam  af  Ibur  tbouaand  dellara 
In  Aill  af  a  lag*.;/  baquaathad  ma  hy  aald  laat  will 
and  laatamant.  (^"^J   A.  ■. 

»  a  aalp<— M«w»«ijr. 

•"IT"   .     ..    -  .   _  "•*•  — •  *>•♦•  — • 

Rseelvad  of  A.  K dollara  (far.  ate.  j 

C.  D. 

/ittHfr— Off  »  Jl*m/. 

Raeawvd  the day  of ,  of  C.  D. ,  the  aum 

of  —  daVara,  In  p<rt  paymaat  af  the  aum  of  one 
Ihouaaad  dallars,  due  ma  from  aaM  0.  O.,  o.t  hia 
^nd,  baartutf  dau  t.ia  - —  day  ef A   a, 


Amit»*r~A\r,'  M*nfy  fmU  tf  it  THint  f^s»it. 


riMa— .bate 
r.,tlMaamaf 


del. 
CD. 


RacsiM4afA.  a.kyC. 

lara. 

.4aatfil#r 

aum  ef daUaea.  I«i^  payment  af  ajinalar 

•um  due  me  «•  n  kwadTaMaiiM  hy  aaM  C?  O. 

A.  B. 


!>.«  AM>.  Pr,  iM 

*i*  Km.  t.  B  K^.  »« 


m-n 


''nJ^Pj^W^nn^Si.^. 


IflT* 


Jnmmfjr-    . 

laannrM  0m  Iha  within  uodgatlan ' 
prlBci#al. 

Am»4t*r 

/WW  if  ^    ntnl  /Wwa  /.r  Ik*  Itm  tf  Am»lk99 

Ri«alve<1  >h)a  dayaf  at  C  (      aa*  .  IM 

a«m  aj  Buy  <i.«llara  In  full   (ar  wari  d»na  hy  Mr. 

B.  P   rat  warh  daaa  aatd  C.  D.  ky  the  ord„  and 

far  Iha  aaa  ol  aaM  B.  r  A.  B. 

.l-w4«r 

Raaawad  ihia  day  af ,  af  B.  P    *««  .the 

•um  at  ally  dultata,  hy  Iha  ardai  a-od  l^i  tla  »»\ 
ofC    U  ,r»f  wMkanil  lahur  In  .-  ^  |v 

?fll«#<'lf>l     r«re||<M«.iawn»|r. 
na<«'  all  man  hy  Ihaaa  pxaaiiia 
hat  ).  A.  B,  (nf  I,  haiabv  acknawlcdgs  the 

•  •caltiKremC  D  I  -  r,  «(  llv*  inindrad  dallafS, 
balng  ilta  laat  pa^manl,  and  i<t  full,  ui  .iiia  llisu* 
aand  aallara,  hy  ««ld  C  D.  patd  aa  iha  conaldara 
lien  of  Iha  purchaaa  af  a  cai  'aln  treat  and  fiarcal 
af  land,  altuaia  in  .  ale.  i»t  m  tkt  *f^t,mtul. 

iVlM  <»  <  ««fW)rMai.  t  .«»•.  »  n>irW|. 

That  af  Iha  anllra  aum  af  »>•  Ave  hundrad  del- 
lara afaraaatd,  and  avary  part  tharaof.  I  do,  b« 
Ihaaa  pfaaania,  for  ma,  my  hr'ra,  v^aaculora,  and 
admlnlatiaiora.  a«i  1  and  lla«  hat ga  aald  C  O, 
'•la  hairs,  aaacutata,  and  admlnlattalara  laravar. 

la  witnaae,  ctf  a.  B. 

.4a«ril/r 

Ba«at*ad  thia      -  day  of  .  af   the  within- 

named  C.  D.,  iha  aum  of  llva  hundrad  dallars, 
balng  «ha  ^itl  «&Hii>'.  .ration  an4  purchaaa  manay 
wlihln  mantlonad  xmaining  to  be  paid  ma. 

Wilnaaa,  B.  P  A.  B. 

i«dlailv«# 

^wraw  mm   aaniai  n    1  a 

,  plalntll 
a< 
C,  O,,  defendant  . 

...„__  Wata     —.Data  —  . 

Ueeelired  ef  C  C.  eonstabla.  of ,  af  said 

Munty.  the  fellewl..K  )>ropar1y.  hy  him  lavlail  tn 
In  the  above  antiiu.i  action,  to  *it :  (*«r»  4t„  t,M 
Mr  frtftrtf  fnifii  .1  />,  n  H  <^n  <»»  nltmli/li,t ,  pi<  ni- 
laing  i«  radallver  auch  property  te  aald  oHIaar  on 
demand.  b.  (, 

Bor«lpt     Bt««t. 
•——         ,  t^.ice- — ,  Deta — -. 

Bacalvsd  of  A.  B.  the  sum  of dollers.  ona 

month  s  rent,  due  thie  day,  fo.  my  (#r  iha dw«llli,g. 
h  ,uM  of  E   r)  on  lot ,  In strsat,  In , 


■•Mii»4~T*  Uthai  (MN*  or  •••«•  ■ 

A.  B.,  plaintiff.      I 

}     (Nmbs  af  «n 

1.) 


CO. 


now  occupied  by  A.  B. 

PO*ttnl.  Saa  CoHVBTAMcn. 

■  •  »!«g|«i»l«e|,   Set  AliBHCV. 

B*fi?^'"«  ••'"•'S'.  *ae  RviDtMca. 
Roftomtl.  Saa  Acts. 
R«Bl»t«M.  Saa  KvinKM,    . 

■■i»*ABBB.  Saa  Contii/  t»  ;  Racmm. 

A  RKLKASB  is  the  givin|(  up  or  abandoning  a 
claim  or  right  to  the  penon  aKaintt  whooi  tho 
claim  exiaU,  or  the  right  ia  lo  bt  excrdscd  or 
enforced.  An  cxpreaa  release  is  one  directly 
made  in  terms  by  deed  or  other  suitable  means. 
An  Inmlicd  rcleaso  is  one  which  arises  from 
acts  of  the  creditor  or  owner,  wlthf/ut  any  ex- 
press amcm<nt.' 

A  release  by  operation  of  law  is  one,  which 
though  not  expressly  made,  the  law  presume!) 
in  consequence  of  some  act  of  the  releasor; 
for  inixitnce,  when  one  of  s«v<>ral  joint  obligors 
is  expressly  released,  all  others  are  also  re- 
leased by  operation  of  law,*  unless  otherwise 
provided  by  statute. 

Releases  may  either  give  up,  discharge,  or 
abandon  a  right  of  action,  or  convey  a  man's 
interest  or  right  to  another  who  his  ponKession 

B^J  Salk.  Sfli    Hab.  M,d6i       Mod.  i»o;    7  Johas. 
aoj.  »  rf     — . 


RELBASE-SALES. 


.  of  II  or  tome  eitate  In  the  ume>  In  the 
fomwr  cUh,  a  mere  right  it  •urrendered ;  in 
the  other,  not  only  «  rignt  is  given  up,  but  an 
interest  in  the  e>t«te  ii  conveyed  and  becomet 
vested  in  the  releuee. 

I.,  general,  the  word*  of  a  releoie  will  be  re- 
itraioed  by  the  particular  occation  of  giving  it.' 

In  releasing  an  interest  iu  real  estate  the 
words  geneouly  uMd  in  the  conveyance  are  i 
"  Remised,  released,  and  forever  quit •clidmcd."' 
Sec  CoNVBVANCiss  QlHT-CLAiM  DsBU;  ante. 

I,  A.  a,  of  — ,  In  the  coiM^^r— •  ••«  •«•»• 

ef .  fer  and  in  e«nal4«fatt«n  ef  tka  anm  of  — - 

dellara.  tb*  receipt  of  wWeli  la  hsj-eby  •cknowl- 
■dnd,  do  hereby  ralcMe  and  feraver  diseliam 
CD.  (•?-—,  la.  Me.),  hla  balte,  OBsemera,  a*d 
admliiiatrater*.  of  aisSl  Inm  all  actions,  canMB 
of  acUon,  aults,  ceatreveielse,  elalosa,  aad  do- 
maods  wbataoerer.fer  Md  W^raMoa  ef  any 
matter,  eanaa.  or  thing,  freaa  the  begtaalng  el 
the  wertd  to  tbia W  •*— ? 

IQ  witnaaa  whereof,  T  ba««  keranbto  act  my 

tnd  tbe  day  and  jroar  taat  above  written. 

Baacuted  in  presence  of  A.  B. 


band 


I  presence  < 

-■■twa  ^r  all  ttuM 


•u. 


and .... 

benda,  notea,  and  other  vnltten  a«teeffle«ta. 
upon  wbick  the  one  perty  dfiased  to  havo  dS' 
mandaapoa  the  other  paf&.  AndtheMldetelmo 
and  lnatr«maat».«o,c«aedled  and  dnHMMdnp, 
bdnc  Bttppeeed  and  intendetf  M  bo  alt  the  clalma 
and  e«l£i»M0f  clflm.  by ei%  of  eald partiM 
Bpoa  ttia  ddier.  And  in  senslderatlon  thereof, 
•a^  of  wM  parttea,  Jdie  aadd  A.  ».  and  C.  »., 
doea  hereby.  iSr  hlfiaelf  and  We  legaLropfeaaMe; 
tivea,  release  and  fofover  dlashane  th^  otlter  of 
and  ftemnB  aetlono.  asMseo  of  mum,  aoif «,  cea- 
treesralee,  clalma,  ud  damaada  whaiwever,  eo 
that  ndtber  of  them  jdutt.hoe*  my  claim  on  the 
other.  direeUy  or  MrfC^T^M  eSyngreemont, 
contTMl,  or  anppo^^awWr.  or  ^tag  under- 
taboB,  doM,  at  omMled  MTie  dope,  «rem  the  bo> 
glnntaf  of  tbe  wortd  to  the  -—  dmr  i»f  - — . 

In  vrttnaea  whereof,  the  cold  pdrtle*  have  here- 
unto eet  ^Mfar  hwida'lbe  dagr  nod  yoar  laat  ateve 
written.  .  A.  ■, 

I  to  ireeenes  of  &0. 


■KQ.' 


at.  8m  LaamuMn  ium  Tmunr. 

See  I.»nwi«iim  aim  Ttnuixn,  "Imid- 

I.air»''Stawte  law." 
Au  rMCHif  laa. 

Seer 


SesSAUS. 

8e*  CaiKWM.  tAw,  "AnNSt,"  etc. 

•torn.  SmCoimucTs. 


SseDotocit. 

Tmliaw. 
Avtimatrvi  Aomev;  Com- 


«4.8wLiaw. 


.  See  Cnim»*i.  Lak:.  ' 
jn.  fas  CniMWAi.  Law. 
.SteTnmiMfa. 

Sm  PA'Tmnsi. 


MAMJKH.  r.««  AMmmnwrt  CearraACtei  Comf^ 
AMcas;  PcMoMALpiioraiTT:  KBALPaoriBTVi  ere. 
A  Salk  in  an  s^reement  by  which  one  of 
two  coiaruciing  pnriien,  called  the  seller,  gives 
a  thing  anti  pa^'^es  ihe  title  to  it,  In  eschanm 
for  a  certain  price  in  current  money,  to  the 
other  parly,  who  is  called  the  buyer  «  pur- 
chaser, who,  on  his  part,  agrees  to  uay  tiuch 
pn  «.■  This  conlmct  diflen  trom  a  barter  or 
exchange  in  this  *  That  in  the  latter,  the  price 
or  consideration,  instead  of  being  paid  in 
money,  is  paid  in  goods  or  merchandise  suscep- 
tible of  a  valuation.*  It  difleri  from  accord 
and  latisfactioii,  because  in  that  contract  the 
thing  is  given  lot  the  purpose  of  quieting  a 
claim,  and  not  for  a  price.  An  onerous  jpft, 
when  the  burden  it  impoees  is  the  pevment  of 
a  sum  of  money,  is,  when  acceptod,  in  the 
nature  of  a  sale.  When  partition  is  made  be- 
tween two  or  mora  joint  owners  of  a  chattel,  it 
would  seem  the  contract  is  in  the  nature  of  a 
barter.*  An  absolute  sale  is  one  made  and 
completed  withoat  any  oendUion  whatever.  A 
condlUoual  sale  Is  one  which  depends  for  iU 
validity  upon  the  Adfilment  (tf  lome  condition.* 
A  forced  sale  Is  one  made  without  the  consent 
of  the  owner  of  the  property,  by  sonis  officer 
(.ppointed  hf  tew,  as  I17  a  inarsbal,  constable, 
or  sheriff,  in  obedience  to  a  mandate  of  a  oon- 
petent  triiianaL  This  sale  has  the  aCbct  to 
transfer  all  the  lights  tho  owner  had  la  Ihe 
property,  bat  it  does  not»  Hkc  a  vdunteiy  sale 
of  pencmal  property,  guarantee  a  title  to  the 
thing  sold  (  ft  merely  traasfe»  the  rigjits  of  the 
pfsrsoB  as  whoee  property  it  has  been  lelsed. 
Tills  kind  of  sale  b  lometimes  called  a  Jodidal 
tale.  A  voluntary  talc  it  rue  made  fiwdy, 
withoat  oomtralnt  by  the  owner  of  the  thliig 
sold.  Thia  is  the  common  caie  of  m1<*  '*na 
to  1^  data  tht  general  mles  of  the  tew  of 
salcecpphr.  A  private  sale  is  one  made  volun- 
tarily, and  aot  V  auction.  A  Jpnblic  aate  is 
one  made  at  auction  to  the  l^htit  bidder. 
Auction  talet  are  tometimet  vdantaiy,  at, 
whi«a  the  owaer  cbootct  to  tell  hit  Roodt  in 
thte  WW,  and  then  at  between  the  teller  and 
buyer  the  ntual  mlet  retetin|;  to  aoles  ^pphr; 
or  thqr  «M  inv«4«atary  or  foreeA  wlwa  the 
seme  .mlea  do  aoC  i0^y. 

A  tale  o(  a  chamt  is  an  cxckanfe  dieiaof  for 
money.*  Aad  proof  of  an  txchmi^  will  not 
support  an  avennent  of  a  uiJk-tiS  goods.'  For 
a  tale  to  be  valid  in  tew,  then  suut  be  partis, 
a  eonild8ntioa,and  a  niing  to  be  uAA.  AH 
pertooe  mn  be  paitlce  to  a  tale,  unleit  tb<f 
labor  nadtr  tht  disabilitiea  and  rastnintt  ah 
ready  mealiancd.  Consideration  also  hat  be«d 
considered.    Tbe  existenoe  of  i>he  thing  to  be 


'^Stfnmm,"  iCo. 

Dr.  Cm>.  m;  6  1 

'MM.S44;sKwt^Mn. 


$411  iVr.  1J4:  «  Rsfte  3**:  <>»«•,«»•!  • 

.. ..Juift,  43B.    o-Aa  rMdmvr  i*  not  a  «W,  } 

8aMi.iS7: '■tt.la.)*^;    f-ioVkW. 


(wiNntoiMMia-v  !MWi 


iMmmnwrt  CiMmMCi«i  Catrr^ 
Paoraarr :  Veuu.  Paonamr :  rrc. 
I  it;reeinent  bf  which  one  of 
potiien,  called  the  tiUer,  gives 
«s  ihe  title  to  it,  in  •xchMiM 
rice  in  cunrent  money,  to  tli« 

0  U  called  the  buyer  of  pur- 

1  his  put,  tgreet  to  uey  s^uch 
inlnict  diflhra  tram  a  Mrtcr  or 
1 1  That  ill  the  latter,  the  price 
n,  imiead  of  being  paid  in 
n  goods  or  merchandU*  suscep- 
Uion>  It  differs  from  accord 
,  becaue  in  that  contract  the 
far  the  purpose  of  (Jaicting  a 
or  a  price.  An  onerous  gift, 
«  it  imposes  is  the  paraient  of 
sy,  is,  when  accepted,  in  the 
.  When  partition  is  made  he- 
nce joint  owtten  of  a  chattel,  it 
I  coBtiact  ia  in  the  nature  of  a 
Molute  sale  i*  oce  made  and 
Nrt  any  oendilion  whatever.   A 

is  one  which  depends  for  iu 
B  fiiUilment  of  tome  condition.^ 
one  made  without  the  consent 
f  the  property,  by  soniiB  officer 
w,  as  fay  a  marshal,  constable, 
sdlcnce  to  a  mandate  of  a  earn- 
This  sale  has  the  afiect  to 

lights  tiM  owner  bad  in  the 
does  no«(  Mkc  a  volnntaiy  sale 
perty,  guarantee  a  title  to  the 
tcrely  transfers  tlw  right!  of  the 
tt  jprapeity  it. has  been  aeiced. 

•  »  aometimes  (ialled  a  jndtcial 
itary  sale  to  rue  made  freely, 
int  by  the  owD<er  of  tbe  thing 
the  common  caw  of  Mdo  "oa 

•  general  mlet  of  tbe  law  of 
nrivate  sale  is  one  made  volnn- 
bf  anction.  A  jpnbUc  aak*  b 
action  to  tbe  bQ{hest  bidder. 
are  lometimet  votoataiy,  as, 
IT  choQsea  to  sell  bii  goodt  in 
lieii  aa  betwetm  the  seller  and 

mica  relatiiif  to  aides  tfflj; 
roinntary  or  fofcMl  tftieB  die 
Dt' apply. 

latta  is  an  exchange  tberaof  for 
proof  of  an  txtAmigit  will  not 
nentof  aM*'Of  i^ods.'  For 
d  in  kw,  tb«n  s»a<t  be  nrtt«s. 
and  a  qiing  to  be  sold.  AH 
I  paitica  to' «  lale,  unleaa  tin* 
idisabilitiaa  and  lestniilti  ah 
I.  Consideration  also  Ima  baetf 
\m  existence  of  ^he  thing  to  be 


SALES. 


«•! 


sold,  or  the  subject-matter  of  the  contract,  is 
eiixw-ntlal  to  the  validity  of  the  contract.*  If  a 
hukse  be  dead  before  the  sale,  or  merch:;ndise 
be  de«truved  by  (ire,  lioih  parties  being  ignorant 
thereof,  the  sale  is  wholly  void.  If  a  substan- 
tial part  of  the  thing  told  be  non-exi«tent,  the 
buyer  has  his  option  to  rescind  the  sale,  or  take 
the  rumainder  with  a  reaxonable  abatement  of 
the  price.k  A  mere  contingent  possibility,  not 
coupled  with  an  Interest,  is  no  subject  *'  sale ; 
»<i,  oil  'he  wool  one  shall  ever  have.^  But  a 
valid  sale  may  be  made  of  the  wine  that  a  vine- 
yard is  expected  to  pro,luce;  or  the  grain  that 
A  field  is  cxpecfed  to  grow ;  or  the  milk  that  a 
cow  may  yield  during  the  coming  year;  or  the 
future  young  born  of  a  female  animal  then 
owned  by  the  vendor -,>  or  ti.e  wool  that  shall 
hereafter  grow  upon  his  sheep.  If  righU  are 
vested,  or  possibilities  are  distir.c  connected 
with  Interest  or  properiy,  they  may  be  sold.*  A 
Side  may  be  good  in  part,  and  void  as  to  the 
rtMidue)  {good  as  between  the  panics,  but  void 
•«  to  creditots;  good  as  to  some  of  the  credit- 
ers,  but  void  a*  to  others,' 

There  is  a  presumption  that  every  sale  to  to 
be  consummated  at  once ;  that  the  chattel  to  to 
be  delivered,  and  the  price  paid  withovt  delay. 
If,  therefore,  nothing  appeaia  but  an  offer  and 
an  acceptance,  and  the  vendee  goes  bis  way 
without  makiitf  paypawnt,  it  to  a  braacb  ^  the 
contract,  and  the  vendor  to  not  bound  by  the 
sole.  But  if  there  was  a  deliveivd' the  chattel, 
or  the  receipt  of  earnest,  or  ol  part  payment, 
either  of  these  to  evidence  of  an  undenrtaading 
that  <u»nething  should  remain  to  be  perfoimea 
in  fuhtro;  and  tbe  legal  preanmption  to  re- 
butted. So,  where  the  terms  of  the  contract 
expressly  postpone  delivtrv,  or  payment,  or 
both,  to  iHtttun  day,  here  also  tbe  sale  to  valid. 
No  one  can  give  a  jMod  title  who  has  bo  good 
title.  If  a  mere  mider,  and  Btm  more  if  a 
thief;  aelk  what  he  has  found  or  stolen  to  A., 
and  A.  buys  la  mod  faith,  and  so  sells  to  B^, 
and  B.  to  C,  and  C.  to  D.,  etc.,  the  or^;iaaI 
owner  may  reclaim  Us  property  wherever  it 
may  be,  and  take  it  withont  any  Mmaant  to 
the  bolder,  any  more  than  if  that  holder  wcro 
the  thief  himaeU:*  IT  the  owner  baa  been  de- 
ceived and  delhuided  into  paitiw  with  hto 
property,  so  that  he  could  claim  it  from  the 
taker,  yet  if  he  vdnntaiily  parted  with  the 
property,  he  catmot  reclaim  ijt  from  one  who  in 
good  foitb  buys  ttfiron  tbe  fraudnleni  party; 
not  «vfn  if  the  fraud  amoiulited  to  a  felony* 
No  one  can  be  made  t<i  Imy  of  anctbeir  without 
his  own  aascnt  Thus,  If  A.  aendr  «a  order  to 
B.  for  goq^  and  C.  stands  the  goods,  he  casnot 

;  4 IL  L.  ft  E.  471 ;   S.  C.  7 
I  Keat^stau  1^.    I- 

sS.ftll.isp:  t»asa,<Ui  wFsMn.i^it  nWead. 


sue  for  tbe  price,  If  A.  repudliites  the  sale,  al* 
though  C.  had  bought  H,'«  bu»ineai.* 

CAVEAT  EMPTOR. 

In  sales  of  personal  properly,  the  purchaser 
buys  at  his  own  ri»k,  unless  the  seller  gives  an 
express  warranty,  or  unless  the  l^w  implies  a 
warranty  from  the  circumstances  of  the  case, 
or  (he  nature  of  the  thing  sold,  ur  unless  the 
se'.ler  be  siiilty  of  fraudulent  minrepresentation, 
or  concealment  in  resfiect  to  a  material  induce- 
ment to  the  sale.' 

CONDITIONAL  SALES. 

In  Gsnzral.  In  every  xnle,  unless  other- 
wise expressed,  there  is  an  implied  condition 
that  the  price  shall  be  paid  before  the  buyer 
has  a  right  to  possession;  IhU  is  a  condition 
precedent.  "  Ir  I  sell  my  hone  for  money.  I 
may  keep  biro  until  I  am  paid."<  But,  al- 
though the  vendee  may  not  have  the  right  of 
fotstuitn  in  the  article  bought  until  the  price 
Is  paid,  yet  the  right  of  pr»p*rty  passes  fy  Ikt 


bargain  {  and  if  the  property  is  lost  while  yet 
in  the  possession  of  the  vendor,  without  his 
fault,  the  lou  will  fall  on  the  purchaser.'  But 
in  an  action  ibr  non-delivery  the  buyer  need 
only  aver  that  he  was  readv  and  willing  to  re- 
ceive and  par  for  them,  and  that  the  seller  re- 
fused to  deliver  them,  without  averring  an  ' 
actual  tender.*  Generallv,  wherever  in  a  con- 
tract for  sale  it  to  luted  that  some  precise  act 
to  to  be  done  by  either  party,  this  may  amount 
to  a  condition,  though  not  so  expnnsed  As 
where  in  a  contract  for  a  sale  of  goods,  the 
words  were,  » to  be  delivered  on  or  beforo  "  a 
certain  day,  thto  is  a  condition  precedent,  and 
if  they  were  not  delivered  on  or  before  that 
day,*  (and  the  delivery  must  have  been  made 
at  a  reasonable  time  on  that  day,  <st  the  vendee 
to  not  bound),*  the  pucbaser  is  not  bound  to 
take  tbe  goods.  So,  if  the  goods  are  to  he 
delivered  on  "  request."  tbo  huyer  mKSt  allege 
ahd  prove  a  request,  this  being  a  coudition 
nrecedentto  bis  acquiring  a  catnpleve  right.* 
But  if  the  seller  &c£*incapncltat«d  himself  from 
delivering,  by  r«ael}iag  or  otherwtoe,  no  requwi 
b  neoeMory.* 

In  sales  eidled  •'  contracto  of  sale  or  leiurn," 
tbe  property  fas  Uit  goods  paaacs  to  the  par- 
chaser,  sulUcct  to  an  <^on  in  him  to  return 
them  ia  a  wu4^^^,  or  a  raaiwiatable  time ;  and 
if  he  fail  to  e<(«rdse  thto  optioa  in  so  Ktuming 
tliero,  the  aale  becomes  absolute,  and  the  price 
of  the  good*  may  be  recovered  in  an  action  for 
good*  sold  and  deUvered.*  And  what  to  a 
reasooaUe  time  within  which  a  contract  to  to 
be  performed,  oir  an  act  to  be  done,  is,  in  tb» 
absence  of  any  contract  between  the  puties,  a 
qundon  of  law  for  the  contt,  to  b«  determined 

ioi:  4. Johns.  4St{  «o  Id.  tfC:  i  Weod.  iSs:  ii  Met. 
(MHr-)  Ufe    «-»hqr  Mas.  p  •« :  7  bat.  $71 :  S  Baib. 

ftB.  siiS.  C:  ; 

Csa.  i6:  i<l#s.i.{ 
4IS ;  »  Sasl.  !«(. 


a.  i6litflie.Mj  »risfc.44tt  aKsM^;  yask 


■^■mwati'^ 


•ALBS. 


bjr  >  view  of  M  the  circumsUnew  of  th«  puti- 
eular  ciue.' 

In  mUm  at  Miction  there  are  genenlly  condi- 
tions of  Mle{  and  where  these  are  diatinctly 
made  known  to  th^  bttjrcr,  they  are  of  course 
binding  on  him,  and  the  auctioneer  or  the 
owner  of  the  goods  is  bound  on  kii  part.* 

Any  mlsstaletnent,  made  fraudulently,  and 
capable  of  having  any  effect  on  the  sale,  will 
avoid  it.  Nor  will  the  conditioot  of  sale  be 
binding  against  a  purchaser,  if  so  framed  u  to 
give  the  seller  advantages  which  the  buyer 
could  not  readily  apprehend  or  understand 
without  legal  knowledge  or  advice;  for  the 
buyer  is  discharged  from  a  purchase  made 
under  "  catching  conditions."* 
MoRTCAOi  or  Personal  Proputy.^ 
DBLI VERY.  While,  as  between  ths  par- 
.  ties,  the  property  passes  by  a  tale  wtthont 
,  delivery,  it  is  not  valid,  in  general,  as  against  a 
third  party  without  notice,  without  delivery. 
For  if  the  same  thing  be  sold  by  the  vendor  to 
two  parties,  by  conveyances  equa!ly  valid,  he 
who  first  geU  possession  will  hold  it.*  In  gen- 
eral where  there  is  a  completed  sale,  and  no 
change  of  posieMion,  this  retention  of  posses- 
sion Of  the  vendor  is  a  badge  of  (rand,  and 
.  will  avoid  the  sale  in  favor  of  a  party  who  sub- 
sequently acquires  title  to  the  proper^  in  g^ 
Uth,  and  without  knowledge  jBl  the  sale.<  The 
delivery  may  be  symbolical,  or  a  nait  for  the 
whole;*  nna  a  delivery  of  the  key,  the  pnmerty 
being  loc]^4  np,  is  so  for  a  delivery  of  tke 
gootu  that  it  will  sopport  an  actio:k  of  trespass 
against  a  snbseanent  purchaser,  who  gett  pos- 
SMsion  of  them.'  Marking  timber  on  a  wharf, 
wgoods  in  a  warelioiise,  operates asa  delivery; 
goods  bought  at  a  shop,  weig^  o(  measured, 
and  separated,  and  left  by  the  owner  until 
a^led  ibr,  are  snficioitly  delivered.  So  se- 
lecting ud  mai4di>g  theepv  <lxn  in  poeiecaion 
of  one  who  was  rMpusted  fay  Uie  vendee  to 
retain  possessioB  of  tMnrfor  him,  is  a  snlHcient 
delivery.*  But  if  goods  are  sent,  even  nnder  a 
contract  of  sale,  to  be  appUad  1^  the  receiver 
to  a  particular  panose,  to  which  pttrpose  tLey 
were  not  tn&  eoold  not  be  i^ied,  the  sender 
does  not  lose  his  property  ta  them  br  ddiivery, 
but  may  recover  them  bodk.^  And  If  prcfierty 
be  awarded  to  one  |iv  aibitratms,  at  a  cettain 
I»ice,  the  tmder  of  me  price  does  not  pass  the 
proper^,  oflltes  the  other  party  acotpt  the 
price.' 

If  no  dine  be  appointed  Ibr  ddireiy,  or  for 
payment,  the  acts  must  be  dmie  widittt  u  rea- 
sonaUe  time:  and  if  ndtkcr  party  doss  any 
thing  within  Umt  period,  the  eontnct  is  deemtd 
diss^ved^    If  the  goods  are  t()  be  delivered 


jr.*   GmmO.    BM!    „-_ 

Sunuwr,  S|»L  Ij"--  *  ^ 


w.  ^»S    ij*.  S«!  «•»«*. 


»M.   hs  last  Sift,  if 


when  requested,  the  purchaser  may  sue  with- 
out proving  a  request,  provided  the  seller  has 
incapacitated  hinuelf  from  delivering  them,  m 
by  a  resale  or  the  like,*'  but,  in  general,  a  re- 
quest must  be  made  before  the  seller  can  b« 
sued  for  non-delivery.'  And  if  the  vendee, 
either  bf  the  express  terms  of  the  contract  oi 
from  its  nature,  is  to  designate  the  manner  or 
place  of  delivery,  he  mi-.«t  do  this  before  he 
can  maintain  his  action."  If  a  day  be  fixed 
either  for  delivery  or  payment,  the  seller  has 
the  whole  of  it :  and  if  any  one  of  several  days, 
the  seller  has  the  whole  of  all  of  them.  If  on 
a  cerUin  day,  at  a  certain  place,  then  it  must 
be  dune  at  a  '•onvenient  time  beCore  ^inset,  be- 
cause the  presence  of  the  odier  party  is  neces- 
sary, and  the  Uw  does  met  require  him  to  be 
there  throiu;h  the  whole  twenty-four  hours.* 
The  seller  &  to  keep  the  thing  sold  vntil  the 
time  of  delivery,  with  ordinary  care,  and  is 
liable  for  tke  want  of  that  care,  or  of  good 
fiuth;  but  if  he  does  so  keep  it,  he  is  not  liable 
for  it»  loss,*  unless  it  perish  throngh  a  defect 
against  which  he  has  warranted.  If  the  par- 
ties are  distant  from  each  other,  th«  seller  must 
follow  the  directiooa  of  the  buyer  as  to  the  way 
ti(  sending  the  thing  sold  to  him,  and  then  a 
loss  in  the  transportation  will  (all  on  the  buyer.' 
unless  attributable  to  the  negligence  of  the 
seller;  if  the  seller  disrwards  such  orders,  the 
loss  in  transportation  faHs  on  him,  though  it 
does  not  happen  through  his  neglect.  If  the 
directioM  are  general,  as  "  by  a  canrier,"  jrith- 
ont  naming  any  one,  usual  and  proper  precau- 
dons  mnstM  token,  and  will  protect  the  seller. 
The  vMidor,  in  delivering  gorxls  to  a  carrier, 
mas»  ex»dse  due  core  and  diligence,  so  as  to 
proride  th«  orasignee  wtth  a  remedy  «ver 
agaiMtt  the  carrier.^  And  it  is  a  port  of  hb 
dMy  to  give  sKch  notice  of  the  sending  them 
by  sUp  ot  otherwist.  as  will  enable  the  buyer 
to  inwue  at  taka  other  precautiont.'  If  the 
contrast  be  to  ddiiver  the  thing  ordered  at  the 
resi<kiic8  or  place  of  business  of  the  buyer,  die 
seller  is  UaUe,  althoofrii  such  delivery  becoraes 
iaqpooiibte.  unless  it  fcecctnes  so  throng^  dihe 
act  of  Uw  Myer.*  If  the  seller  refuse  to  deli- 
ver it  at  the  time  and  {dace  aipewl  on,  and  it 
perish  afterwards  ilithoat  his  fimltrhe  is  liable 
for  it.  Birt  if  1m  'be  ready,  and  the  vendor 
wrongftilly  xwfine  or  n^lect  to  receive  it,  the 
seller  is  not  liable,  nate*  the  thing  perishes 
diRN^  his  frqts  and  wanton  oQl^igaice.  And 
if  the  T^tdee  unreasooably  neglect  or  refuse  to 
comply  mUk  oondttion*  precedent  to  dcUveiy, 
or  to  receive  te  goods  on  ddiveiy,  thie  seller 
may,  after  due  ddqr  and  proper  praeaatiait, 


■3  Vt  114.   U-n  CmL  SS9I 
I   J  jfTit  W.M4!  1 


L»P««." 


6;  <tK  L.  A  f.  5%  »' 

£Mnb,-i99 :  I^WMk Saks* 1 5<< i  « Kent Ctmutmii 


«-3QMSp. 

.«..,.  ...  ..  .,. . 1.  S30.    f^ 

Saks  1 5<<ti  a  iCent CMaaM 


1,  tha  pnrchMcr  may  rae  with« 
equetl,  provided  the  ulter  hai 
tmMlf  from  delivering  thenit  a* 
the  like,*'  but,  in  general,  •  re- 
made before  tKe  Mlltr  can  bt 
lallvery.*  And  if  the  vendee, 
spreM  terma  of  the  contract  m 
ia  to  deaignate  the  manner  or 
ry,  ha  mi'.U  do  thia  before  he 
ia  action."  If  a  day  be  fixed 
ery  or  payment,  the  teller  has 

and  if  any  one  of  aevend  days, 
ic  whole  of  all  of  Ihem.  If  on 
It  a  certain  place,  then  it  muM 
nvanient  time  before  aiinaet,  he- 
(ica  of  tha  other  party  is  neces- 
iw  does  n«<t  require  him  to  be 
tha  whole  iwenty-foar  houn." 
>  keep  tha  thing  lold  vntil  the 
ry,  with  ordinary  care,  and  » 
orant  of  that  core,  or  of  good 
I  doaa  oo  keep  it,  ha  ia  not  liable 
lata  it  pariah  tbnmgh  a  defect 
ha  has  warranted.  If  the  par- 
from  each  other,  the  Mller  mutt 
itiooa  of  the  buyar  as  to  the  way 

thing  sold  to  him,  and  than  a 
oortation  will  foil  on  the  bvwar,* 
lUe  to  the  nagUgence  of  tha 
tiler  disrmard*  sodi  orders,  the 
ftotlon  falls  on  him,  though  it 
m  throDgh  his  neglect.  If  the 
[anerol,  a»  ♦'  by  a  carrier,"  *ith- 

one,  nsnal  and  proper  precau- 
iken,  and  will  protect  tha  sailer. 
1  deUvaring  gor^  to  a  carrier, 
Ine  cara  and  diligence,  so  a>  to 
msignaa  wtth  a  rem^  aver 
sier.^  And  it  b  •  put  o<  hit 
;eh  nodca  of  tha  sendfing  them 
twist  as  will  enable  the  buyer 
ska  other  precant{oni.f  If  the 
idiiyer  the  thing  (wdered  at  the 
ica  of  buinaas  of  tha  bayer,  the 
ahbmirii  anch  deliveiy  baGoact 
eaa  itcccsmes  so  throng^  (^e 
r.*  If  tha  sailer  refuse  to  tteli- 
aa  and  idafie  «g?ead  on,  and  it 
4s  wilhoot  hUbuUrlw i«  U«b!e 
'  Iwfbe  ready,  and  the  vendor 
■e  or  n^lect  to  receive  iL  the 
able,  nnlM  tha  thing  parulie* 
n  and  wanton  nep^igoice.  And 
inreasonoUy  u«c1ect  at  refuse  to 
Nktltioni  precedent  to  deliv^, 
be  goods  CQ  delivery,  d^  seller 

ddqr  aad  proper  pieemitkau, 


K.  400!  3  M.  ft  W.  Ij 
■t-tjD« 


I-S  T.  R.  ♦»{  J  ¥.  ft  W, 


■ft 


.*m»,S6ms  Mlait.  siai  sC.#r 

1st  H.  MI. 


SALES}. 


•etell  tbam,  and  hold  the  buyer  responsible  for 
•ny  deficit  in  the  prU:e.*  It  it  common  and 
Kcnerally  advisable  tu  sell  tliam  at  auction} 
lut  this  is  not  nAoesaary.*  If  the  teller  tell  on 
«e<iit,  tha  'goods  are  to  be  delivered  without 
iiaymant;  but  if  tha  buyer  becomes  insolvent 
before  the  time  of  delivery,  the  seller  may  de- 
mand  sacnrily,  and  refuse  to  deliver  the  goods 
without  it.*  If  no  place  of  delivery  be  spe- 
cially esprascd  iu  the  contract,  she  More,  shop, 
farm  or  warehouse  where  the  article  k  »oU), 
made,  fnmn,  or  deposited,  it  in  general  the 
place  0*  delivery.*  If,  however,  a  particular 
place  be  appointed  by  the  contract,  the  goods 
mntt  be  d«(vered  there  before  an  action  will 
lie  for  their  price."  If  expressly  deliverable  to 
tho  vendee,  out  no  place  it  earned,  it  may  be 
delivered  to  nim  where  he  it,  or  at  hit  house, 
or  place  of  business!.  Except  so  &r  as  thia 
option  of  the  seller  it  controlled  by  the  nature 
of  the  article.  For  if  the  parch«8er  brocght  a 
Inad  at  cotton  to  be  worked  in  hia  mill,  it  can- 
jvot,  vndet  on  agreenient  of  delivery,  La  deliv- 
ered at  Us  diaunl  dwelling-house,  nor  should 
a  load  of  hay  for  his  stable,  or  cookiipg-ttage  for 
hit  kitidwii,  be  delivered  »t  his  store  «a.  '^  « 
wharf, 

The  vendee  it  bound  to  wceive  and  pa^  i* 
the  thing  sold  at  the  lime  and  piece  cxprewod 
or  implied  in  the  contrcict  of  sile,  and  tc  pay 
til  ruMoooble  charges  for  keeping  h  aftw  sale 
a.nd  before  delivery.?  And  if  he  refme  so  to 
take  acd  pay  for  the  good*  sold,  ho  wfSl  be 
liable  ia  an  «iction  for  the  pdcCt  or  in  a  i^>eda] 
action  for  damages,  nnlcas  he  can  thow  inca- 
pacity to  contract,  or  tnffident  error,  dnnsts,  «» 
frnnd. 

EpracT.  Upon  :,  conpleted  suite  the  prop- 
erty in  the  thing  told  peases  to  the  ptirr:bater.* 
If  it  be  sold  for  cash  and  the  price  be  not  paid, 
or  if  it  be  sold  on  a  credit,  bat  by  tha  tuma  of 
the  baig:a!n  is  to  remain  ia  iha  hands  of  the 
vendor,  the  vendiMr  has  a  Hen  on  it  for  the 
price  ;•  and  only  payment  or  tender  giv««  the 
vendee  a  right  to  poosestion.  And  if  it  be  sc!d 
oii  credit,  ortd  the  buyer  by  the  terms  of  the 
bargain  has  the  right  of  ktsiniediate  possession 
without  payment,  but  the  thing  sold  actually 
remains  in  the  poasetsica  of  the  seller  nntil  the 
credit  hat  expired,  and  tbejprice  is  still  unpaid, 
the  seller  then  hu  a  lien  for  the  price.*'  If  it 
be  told  on  credit,  and  titew  is  noogreement  in 
respect  to  the  delivery  or  poesenioa  «f  the 
goods,  the  purchaser  at  once. has  n  eomplete 
right  nU  only  of  pn^ierfy  but  ti  p<9asetrion,* 

Com»L8o$;  sC6«M,st«i  ^Wtai.^;  jW.ftS.a05. 

•  Nev.  ft  ir.  M :  BiAfCoaim.  t«» ;  >  XMt.  sjt:  C 
!<«.  AjiVMUM.  B.  5:  6  B.  ft  C  Slit :  •  V«M(er,  i« ;  ■ 
106:  t  Salk.  III.    ••4  8    '   ~ 


Moody  ft  R-jt-. 

BMb.  ^i  ij^Pena.  St  146: 


%  Coam.  t4e ;  >  Xiwt.  ss*:  Com. 

;  6B.ftC.3te:  •V«M(er,i«i  t 

t  Salk.  113.  a-4  8.  &  C.  94>:  i 

ill,  ft  Ad.  jij:  4CiuBp. 


•3»i"  %  «  S«l-  393.J  x..8Wk.  H3:  t  Md.  37: 
•«  >«■.  St.  M9J,  14  B.  Mo«.  i«s.  V.DJW,  ft  L 
'93;  »«,Cal.  i7«:  Id.  m.   e-js  Me.  191:  •  SwMixt. 


subject  only  to  defeasance  under  the  law  of 
Uofipag*  im  (raMsitu.  If  the  property  pastes, 
though  not  the  right  of  possession,  and  the 
thing  toldpertth,  the  low  falls  on  the  pur- 
chaser.' The  vendor's  li«:n  is  destrc^ed  by  a 
delivery  of  the  goods,  or  by  a  tietivery  of  a  pert, 
without  on  intention  to  teiMraie  it  from  the 
rest,  but  with  an  intention  thereby  to  give  pos- 
Mtsion  of  the  whole.  Mere  delivery  of  a  part 
will  not,  however,  divert  the  vendor  of  his  lien, 
as  to  the  viAelt,  if  anything  remains  to  be  done 
by  the  vendor  to  the  part  undelivered.'  If  sold 
for  cash,  and  the  money  be  not  paid  within  a 
reasonable  lime,  the  vendur  ma/  treat  the  tale 
as  null.' 

The  property  does  not  past  abuolotely  unless 
the  tale  be  completed;  and  it  it  not  isonipleted 
until  the  happening  of  any  event  expressly  pro> 
vided  for,  or  so  long  p.-  Anything  remaint  to  ba 
done  to  the  thing  void,  to  put  it  bto  a  condition 
for  rale,  or  to  identify  it,  or  discriminate  it  from 
other  things.*  Kor  U  i;;:e  sale  completed  while 
anything  remaiiM  to  bf  done  to  determine  its 
ouantity,  if  the  price  depeiids  on  this;  unless 
this  is  to  be  done  by  the  buyer  alone.'  Bnt 
where  the  thing  to  be  done  by  the  vendor  is  but 
Mfling,  or  is  but  a  mathematical  computation, 
this  rule  will  not  apply."  If  the  parties  in- 
tended that  the  sale  thould  be  complete  bt^fore 
the  artiHe  told  it  weighed  or  meatured,  the 
pmpiirhr  will  post  before  this  is  doneJ  And 
even  u  earnest,  or  a  port  of  the  price  be  paid, 
the  tale  is  not  complete  imder  these  circum- 
Maaces,  and  if  it  finallv  fail,  the  money  paid 
mty  be  recovered  back.' 

PARTIB8. 

As  a  general  rale,  oil  persons  sui  Juris,  i  y 
be  either  buyers  «w  sellers.  There  it  a  clats  of 
ptrwist  who  are  incapable  of  purchasing,  ex* 
<epl  mk  mcda,  as  infants ;  and  another  clau, 
who,  in  consf-qnence  of  their  peculiar  relation 
with  re^rd  to  the  owner  of  the  thing  sdd,  are 
totally  incapable  of  becoming  purchasers,  while 
th&t  relation  es^tts;  these  are  trustees,  guar- 
dians, attignecs  of  insolvents,  and  generally  all 
persons  who,  by  their  connection  with  the 
owner,  or  by  being  employed  concerning  his 
afTairfi,  hare  acquired  a  knowledge  of  his  prop- 
<irtv,  »s  attorneys,  conveyancen,  and  the  nkt. 

lf*R!Cl£.  The  price  to  be  paid  must  be  cer 
tain,  or  so  Teferiwd  to  a  definite  standard  that 
U  may  be  made  certain  ;>  as,  what  another  man 
het  given ;  or  what  a^tother  man  shall  say  should 
b«  the  ixrice.      Bnt  if  this  third  party  refuse 

<9;  dEMt.614;  )Weiid.4oi;  1  Ctap.4i7:  0  BaA. 

ifi :  s  Gray,  196 ;  tt  Law.  Rep.  361 ;  i  B.  ft  C  314 : 4 
last.  405;   m  Oa.  Bo.    f-Dyer,  30,  »;-t  Salk.  113J 
Contra  3  Camp.  4x$.    |t-43  N.  H.  141 ;  7  E.  ft  B.  88s 
4  H.  ftlJ.  4o«;  « N.  T^(6  Smith)  495-    uSS.kh. 
3fcj  •  Ciomp.  &.  M.  53$ ;  >  Ouop.  j 
•  U.  ft  S«t.  30;:  5  Taunt.  61  j ;  6  B. 
*'  "  '  '    .  Grew.  S40;  7  Wend.  41 


••  **0.  V|3;-ta 


itvnr"'iimBfnrfMi 


<9» 


SALBS. 


i^ 


»  fix  the  price,  tlie  m}«  U  void."  A  «i1e  rnny 
'•  modi  of  an  article  for  what  it  ii  w<Mth,  for 
h»t  can  be  atcartaiiicd  by  exjwrt*,*  The  ihinK 
old  muit  be  luccific  and  capablt;  of  certain 
dentification.  There  mait  be  an  agreement  of 
mind  as  to  this ;  and  if  there  be  an  honeftt  error 
as  to  price,  or  as  to  the  suhotantial  and  essentisxl 
qnallties  of  the  thing  sold,  the  sal«  may  he 
treated  as  null.* 

To  confititiite  a  sale  there  most  be  a  prict 
•  {reed  upon;  but  upon  the  piaxim  id  ttrtum 
ml  qnod  retidi  eerlmmpoltit,  a  sale  may  be  valid, 
althoufih  it  IS  aift-ced  that  the  price  for  the  thinK 
sold  xhall  b«  determined  by  a  third  person.' 
The  price  must  be  an  aelt$til  or  ptnam  price, 
with  an  intention  on  the  part  of  the  seller  to 
reuttire  its  payment.  If,  tnereftire,  one  should 
sell  a  thing  to  another,  amd  by  tkt  nkmt  agrtt- 
mtnt  ha  should  release  the  buy.  r  from  the  pay- 
taent,  this  would  not  be  a  sale,  but  a  gift,  be- 
teiue  in  that  ca.ie  the  buyer  never  agreed  to 
pay  any  price,  the  same  agreement  by  which 
the  title  to  the  thine  is  passed  to  him  dincfaarg- 
ing  him  from  all  oEligatioiu  to  pav  for  it.  As 
to  the  quantum  of  the  price,  that  u  altogether 
Inunatetial,  unless  there  has  been  fraud  in  the 
transaction.  The  price  must  be  ttrtam  «r  dt- 
ttrmmtd,  but  it  is  sufficiently  certain,  if,  as 
befon:  olwervcd,  it  be  left  to  the  detenninatioa  of 
K  third  person  ;■*  and  an  agreement  to  pay  for 
gooda  wnat  they  are  worth  is  sufficiently  certMn.' 
The  price  roust  consist  in  a  sum  of  money 
which  the  buyer  agree*  to  my  U>  the  teller ;  for, 
if  paid  ia  aiiy  other  way,  the  oootract  would  be 
an  exchange  or  baner,  and  not  a  sale. 

Th«  consent  of  the  contracting  patties,  which 
i«  of  the  eatence  of  «  sale,  contl^  in  the  agree- 
ment of  tha  will  of  the  leUer  to  a«II  a  certain 
thing  to  Um  buyer  for  a  certain  price,  and  the 
will  of  tho  bnver  to  purdiM*  the  wme  thing 
for  Um  laae  piice.    Care  nturt  be  taken  to  dis- 
tingutah  betiraen  an  agreemcBt  to  enter  into  a 
futni*  «oatr«et,  and  ajwesrat  actual  agreement 
to  ndce  a  sale.    The  consent  is  ccrtiun  when 
the  parties  cxpmsly  declare  it    This  In  some 
cases  it  b  requisite  should  bo  ia  writing.*   This 
'riling  may,  De>a  letter.*    When  a  pai^,  by  his 
'a,  appnves  of  wh«t  has  basa  dona,  as  know- 
^iy  using  goods  which  have  been  left  at  bin 
jvse  br  amther,  who  intended  to  sail  them, 
M  will  Of  that  iict  conftnn  the  sak. 
In  Older  to  ptkss  the  propei'Mr  bf  a  sala,  there 
must  be  an  axpreas  or  impliea  agraemant  that 
tha  titiff  shall  pass.    An  agreonent  for  the  sale 
of  goods  \%prim0fiHk  a  twripin  and  sale  of 
tho«B  goods  I  bnt  tUs  arises  merely  Amn  tha 
presaned  intention  of  dit  patties,  and  if  it  ap- 
pear that  the  parties  havo  agreed,  not  that  there 

■aStary  Sriio, J  mo.  VtM 


St.4»«. 


r, 


WMh. 


1$;  3  Mm. 


«»J 


■^;1:^.'" 


HumS  ^ 


Sf^t'J^i'^ff:, 


It.  Iiw. 


CbM,a6t;  ffoM.^nsiiM.  k,  M;  s«eaB«Ma.CC$x>: 
■"  "o-  9KU  ^  Vsan.  St.  460!    r4Nt  tmtl,  FkAliM. 


-OMo, 

, ««»:«_ 

V-sB.  ftCMt.S 


10  Me.  4SS.   ••4 

I  SoadR  «is:  t  C. 

t;  r  H.  <s;  ij 

48:yU.ii:t3 


shall  he  a  mutual  credit  by  which  ihe  (N'nprriy 
is  to  pass  from  Ihe  seller  to  the  buyer,  ana  tlic 
buyer  is  bound  to  pay  the  price  to  the  seller, 
but  that  the  exchange  of  the  mvn<>y  for  tliR 
goods  shall  be  m.-vde  on  the  spot,  no  ]>roperty  in 
transferred,  for  it  is  not  Ihe  intention  of  the  par 
ties  to  transfer  any.*  But,  on  the  contrary, 
when  the  making  of  part  paymtnf ,  or  naming  11 
day  for  |)ayment,  clearly  shows  an  intentiun  in 
the  parties  that  they  should  have  some  time  to 
romplete  the  sale  by  payment  and  delivery,  ami 
(hat  they  should  ih  the  meantime  be  trusteeti 
for  ench  other,  the  one  of  the  property  in  the 
chattel,  and  the  other  in  the  price. 

\%  a  genemi  rule,  when  a  bargain  |s  made 
for  Ihe  purchiiiie  of  good*,  and  nothing  is  said 
About  payment  and  delivery,  the  properly  passex 
immediately,  »o  as  to  cast  upon  tha  purchoser 
all  future  rink,  if  nothing  remains  to  be  done  to 
Ihe  goods,  iihhough  he  cannot  take  them  away 
without  paying  the  price.* 

SunjECT-MATTMi  OF  Sai.e.  There  moat  he 
a  thiag  which  is  the  object  of  the  sale ;  for  if 
the  thing  sold  at  the  lime  of  the  sale  hod  cea«ed 
to  exist,  it  is  clear  that  there  couid  b«  no  sale; 
if,  for  exadiple,  you  and  I  being  ia  Philadel- 
phia, I  tell  you  my  house  or  horse  in  Chicago, 
and  at  the  time  of  the  sale  it  be  buTncd  down 
or  dead,  it  is  manifest  there  was  1.0  sale,  as 
there  was  not  a  thing  to  be  sold.*  It  is  evi- 
dent, too,  that  no  sale  can  be  made  of  things 
not  in  comaerce ;  as  the  air,  tha  water  of  the 
sea,  and  the  like.  When  there  hm  been  a 
mistake  made  as  to  the  article  sold,  there  is  n<i 
sales  as,  for  examine,  where  a  bndter  who  is 
tha  agent  of  lx>th  patties,  sails  an  article,  and 
delivers  to  the  seller  a  sold  noie  describing  the 
article  sold,  as  « St,  Pcterabnrg  clean  hemp," 
and  bovgirt  note  to  tha  bnyar  as  «  Risa  Rhine 
Hemp,"  th)tra  is  no  sale.* 

Tbwa  nwt  be  an  screcment  aa  to  the  speci- 
fic goods  which  form  tha  basis  %ti  the  txmtract 
of  sal«v  in  other  wovds,  to  make  a  perfect  aste, 
tha  parties  must  have  agreed,  the  one  to  part 
with  tha  tf de  tc  a  tfttf^t  mrtkb,  and  the  other 
to  acqpiire  sack  title.  An  agreement  to  sell 
one  hiwdicd  boshels  of  wheat,  to  be  nwaaniwd 
out  of  a  heap,  does  not  change  tha  property 
ntstil  tha  wheat  his  been  measared.'  .  - 

YRAMtlTU.  WrOPPAOB  IN. 

What  tub  Kioht  op  Stofpagb  is,  and 
WHO  HA*  IT.  Stgpciage  m  IraHtiiu  is  the  r^t 
wKkli  resides  in  the  vendor  of  goods  upon 
credit,  te,  lecall .  th«a,  upon  dis«cf«<rering  the 
ittsfdvanay  of  tha  vendee,  before  the  goods 
have  readied  him,  at  any  third  pai^r  has  ac- 
qitiiad  Amm  Jbk  ri|^  ui  them.*    This  ri^ 

VMt.  >!l<    W-Sm  t  Lmb,  4s ;  Hob.  13*;  1  Exck.  Cb- 
•at :  I II.  tji,ju»;  s  K«m  Coicia.  <«a,    a-j  TawM. 


%«^ 


r  East.  s<»  1  '.CWpS.  S37 ;  4 
t  Mgen 


¥4f ! »*r 
•  mi  n 

ttOMo  St.  sfU :  Koaaaas  ibt  ddi  iah,| 


•m:  t  Afgen  It  P.  fH.    »-} 
92  a  M.  Y.  as*S  s  Taunt.  iiCi  f 
r.  al«i  0  Pick,  alo:  6  Watts,  ss;  t 
s«««J.  ftCaM:  rGraltawj  34 
8l..*oS;  n  N.  H.  ifi;  04 J4.  Stf: 


1  credit  by  which  lh«  propnty 
e  teller  to  ih«  buyer,  •nci  ilic 
to  pay  the  price  lo  the  Mller, 
hange  of  the  mfmvy  for  the 
ide  on  the  »po*,  no  property  N 
is  not  the  intentiua  of  the  par 
any.*  But,  on  the  contrary, 
[  of  part  peymLitf ,  or  naming  » 
clearly  ahows  an  intention  in 
ley  iihould  have  noroe  time  to 
hy  payment  and  Jelivery,  ami 
ih  the  meantime  be  trustees 
he  one  of  the  property  in  the 
tlher  in  the  price. 
rule,  when  a  bargain  pi  madt; 
of  Kood»,  an<l  nouiins  ia  aaid 
tl  delivery,  the  profwrty  paancH 
•a  to  COM  upon  the  pttrchoucr 
nothing  remaina  to  b«  done  to 
gh  he  cannot  take  them  away 
>e  price,' 

U.K  OP  Sale.  There  maat  be 
the  object  of  the  tale;  for  if 
the  lime  of  the  iwle  hod  ceaoed 
r  that  there  couid  be  no  aale; 
'ou  ond  I  being  i«  Philadel- 
ny  house  or  hone  in  Chicago^ 
if  the  sale  it  be  burned  down 
uiifeat  there  wa(  u>  sale,  oa 
thing  to  be  sold  *  It  h  evi- 
I  sale  can  be  made  of  things 
i  aa  the  air,  the  water  of  the 
e.  When  there  hm  been  • 
to  the  article  lold,  then  b  nd 
kmple,  whera  a  braker  who  i» 
h  parties,  iclb  an  aitide,  and 
Her  a  sold  note  detcribing  the 
St,  Pctenbnrg  clean  beaMi," 
to  tbc  bBjrer  as  »  Risa  Rhine 
no  wle.* 

I  an  inecment  aato  the  tpcci- 
bm  tna  baais  d'  the  contract 
words,  to  nake  a  perfeol  aale. 
have  agreed,  the  one  to  port 
I  iptt^t  mrtklt,  and  the  other 
titlt.  An  agreeneut  to  aell 
hel*  of  wheat,  to  be  meawMd 
loea  not  changt  tha  property 
§•  bpen  meaanred,^  ,  ~ 
.  WrOPPAOB  IN. 
Iroirr  or  Stofpare  is,  and 
topoage  IN  transitu  is  the  r%ht 
I  tne  v«ndor  of  goods  upon 
.thus,  upon  dbcfiycring  the 
M  vendee,  before  the  goods 
n,  or  any  third  patty  has  ac- 
'  tif^  m  than.*    This  rii^ 

I  LtOB,  4a :  Hob.  tja;  i  KnA.  Ch- 

|«9i  a  K.  Y.  as*:  j  Taunt,  tft;  f 
.  al>:  9  Pick,  alo:  •  Watts,**;  * 

S-sot:  tl  Nftt.  1^:  *4  Win; 

Mb.tafi:  lilnAfti.  f4«a«M> 
lo  St.  %U ;  Keaaoas  Ibt  iUl  nria«| 


SALES. 


«3t 


txints,  strictly  speaking,  only  when  the  vendor 
li.li  parted  with  the  goods.  If  they  have  never 
left  hit  poascssion,  he  has  a  lien  on  them  for  the 
full  pay-nent  of  their  price;  but  not  this  right 
of  itoppage.*  The  mere  insolvency  or  bank- 
rujitcy  of  the  vendee  will  not,  ftrst,  amount  to 
■\  sioppoge  M  fransitu  ;  for  there  must  be  some 
.11 1  on  the  part  f>f  the  consignor  indicative  of 
liii  intention  to  repossess  himself  of  the  goods.* 
Xoilce  of  the  consignor's  claim  and  purpose 
given  to  the  carrier  before  deliveiv  is  sufB- 
cient.*  Notice  should  be  given  to  the  carrier, 
middleman,  or  other  perwm  having  at  the  time 
(he  actusl  ciutody  of  the  goods ;  or  given  to 
nuch  a  person  that  It  may  reach  the  carrier 
before  delivery  ;*  and  it  should  be  given  to  the 
carrier  having  possession,  and  not  to  the  vendee 
himself  without  giving  notice  to  the  carrier.* 
This  notice  and  demnnd  on  behalf  of  the  con- 
signor need  not  be  mode  b)-  any  person  ape- 
cial!y  anthorlMd  for  that  purpose ;  it  may  be 
made  by  a  general  agent  of  the  consignor ;  or 
even  fair  aatranger,  if  it  be  ratified  by  the  ven- 
dor befora  the  delivery  to  the  vendee.'  But  a 
ratification  of  a  notice  and  demand  by  an  unau- 
thorised penon,  not  made  until  after  delivery 
to  the  vendee,  will  not  suffice.* 

Whem  and  how  the  kight  may  bs  ex- 
Eicisio.  Generally,  this  right  exists  as  long 
as  th«  goods  ant  m  tramitu.  They  are  m 
Iramtitm  aot  onlv  while  in  motion,  and  not  only 
while  la  poasoaion  of  the  carrier  (although  he 
was  anpoteted  and  specified  by  th«  consignee), 
but  abb  white  they  are  departed  in  any  place 
not  actnally  or  conMmctlvely  the  place  of  the 
conslgnaa,  or  w  in  his  prthsession  or  under  his 
control,  that  thn  putting  them  there  implies  the 
intention  of  ddivery.  Thvs,  if  goods  are 
lodged  la  a  pdbHe  wardionse  for  non-payment 
of  dodes,  they  arc  aot  ia  the  possession  of 
the  vaadae,  and  tka  vendor  augr  stm  them.^ 
They  ara  in  transit  antil  fhcy  pass  into  the 
poHMsiM  of  the  vendee.  But  tbis  possession 
may  be  actaal  or  constructive.  Thus,  snirpring 
the  goods  lo  b«  matlcad  and  rcaiM,  and  narked 
sgaia  liyika  aoeowl  pnnduser,  ia  a  consbuctive 
delhreijr.*  So,  a  ddHvety  by  the  vendor,  to  the 
vendee^  of  tbe  key  of  tbe  vendor's  worAoose, 
whera  Om  goods  wen  stored,  amevnts  to  a 
delivcijr^  So,  dsiaan<<ing  and  auuddng  the 
EooA  bw  Oie  vendee's  Ment  at  the  inn  where 
the  goods  arrived  at  tbair  destination.'  So,  if 
the  vendor  agrted  to  let  the  goo&  lie  in  his 
wareboaae»<br  a  ikort  tiaae,  nKbongh  /ret  of 
rent,  aad  to  •eeooMsodale  tbe  vendee.i  So, 
if  rentbapidd.*  SOb  delivering  to  the  vendee 
f  bill  ef  parods  with  an  order  ai  the  store- 
keeper far  tbs  ddiveiy  of  tibe  goods."    So.giv- 

(HjN*.  eiat  a  »».  of  t.  Oaa.  J119: 1 M.  ft  W.  jat  t 


ing  an  order  by  the  venoor  to  the  keeper  of  « 
warehouse,  for  the  delivery  of  the  goods.' 
Delivery  to  a  mercantile  house,  merely  for 
transmission  to  the  vendee,  by  a  forwarding 
house,  docs  not  take  away  the  right  of  stop- 
page.* If  the  carrier  by  reason  ol^an  arrange- 
ment with  the  consignee,  or  for  any  cause,  re- 
mains in  possession,  but  holds  the  goods  only 
a.1  the  agent  of  the  con.^ignee,  and  subject  to 
his  order,  this  Is  the  possession  of  the  con- 
signee.* Yet,  even  in  cases  where  an  existing 
usage  authorizes  the  carrier  to  retain  the  goo<ls 
in  his  hands  as  security  for  his  whole  claim 
against  the  consignee,  the  consignor  may  still 
stop  them  as  in  transitu,  and  lake  them  from 
the  carrier,  by  paying  him  the  amount  dus 
specifically  for  the  carriage  of  those  goods.' 

As  the  ^oods  may  pass  tonstrudrutfy  into 
the  possession  of  the  consignee,  so  they  may  be 
transferred  by  him  before  they  reach  him,  in 
such  a  way  as  to  destroy  the  consignor's  right 
of  stoppage  M  transitu.  This  may  be  done  by 
an  indoiwment  and  delivery  of  the  bill  of 
lading.  This  Instrument  is  now  by  the  cualom 
of  merchanu,  which  is  adopted  by  the  courts, 
and  made  a  rule  of  law,  regarded  as  negoti- 
able ;  its  indorsement  and  deUveiy  operating  as 
a  symbolic  delivery  of  the  goods  mentioned  In 
«.•  And  such  transfer.  If  It  ia  In  good  lalth 
and  for  a  valuable  consideration,  passes  the 
property  to  the  second  vendee,  who  holds  it 
free  frosn  the  right  of  the  original  vendor  to 
stop  the  goods  ist  troMsHu}  But  a  second 
vendee,  to  whom  the  bill  of  lading  is  not  trans- 
ferred,  or  not  so  transferred  as  to  carry  good 
title,  and  who  neglects  to  take  actual  or  con- 
structive  nossession,  is  in  no  better  posftion 
than  the  first  vendee,  under  whom  he  claims; 
and  tbe  goods  may  be  taken  from  him  l^  the 
first  vendor,  on  the  insolvency  of  the  first 
vendee. 
WARRANTY  IM  SALBS. 
In  Genekal.  The  warranties  which  ac- 
company a  sale  of  chattels  ate  of  two  kinds  in 
respect  to  their  subject-matter:  a  wananty  of 
TiTiB  and  a  warranty  of  quality  And  also 
of  two  kinds  in  respect  to  their  form,  as  they 
may  be  txfress  or  m/AW. 

The  seller  of  a  chattel,  if  in  possession, 
war.vnts  by  implication  that  it  is  his  own,  and 
is  answerable  to  Ae  pnrchaser  if  it  be  taken, 
from  biin  by  one  who  .:!  better  title  than  the 
seller,  whether  the  seJ^-  ?  new  of  tbe  def<>^t  of 
his  titte  or  not,  and  wh*. -«»  be  did  or  ^r ',  not 
make  a  distinct  aAmation  of  his  title.  £atif 
the  seller  is  out  of  poasearion,  ant?  ,3  affirma- 
tion of  title  is  made,  Ibca  the  pitt«h.^  ir  buys  at 


WtA.cTc. 
E.ftB.<es. 


metHSBtfomm^tm., 


•3« 


IIAS<f$i^ 


If' 


hit  ptril.  In  nnjr  ciwc  whfr«  II  f*  v^  . ;  ihh 
warranty  of  title,  •  title  »ulj»eqtt\n'ly  a  '^ttlr««l 
l»7  the  vendor  would  Inure  to  the  l>'.ft*liw  »/  'h'" 
vendee."  If  tt  ,!  Klter  It  in  poM' :  i:i ,  K.f  If 
)h«  poMemlon  It  of  roc's  a  kind  ^  not  in  4*- 
note  or  Imply  lule  in  ik^m,  Utera  '^'^1  be  no 
wnrmnty  of  /«le.    A  gtA'ntI  wanju'tr  doet 


the 


'(K  cover  def«^  (A  plitln  waA  •J)~'ya»  to  the  ,)u/- 
'vn.^r,  or  Ci  A*i''  1  ha  haj  Itad  cognixancei 
i«  u;,  if  a  hoi. «  JA  wtmnted  j^jfttt,  .n^  want 
•  mil  (ir  Wi  aar.'  Thia  i«Ie  mnal  i^ci  be  mit- 
riiidentood.  A  'h^mi  x- ^j*  wsTf.^>ii  ngalnit  a 
ilefi'f  which  Is  ^iu.A  mm  oU.  ioua  a«  we!'  a* 
a;{alit!(t  any  other.  Ani.'  A  .;>>n<;rtl  w»r.'i<t<>y 
'.Iiot  a  bona  waa  «MmVv«Mild  >"(  brokat; ,  {'fons 
eye  wM  so  Iwdly  injarrJ,  or  <<  malf<wi-  d  «■ 
to  t«  entirely  uaeleia,  althoUi^j'i  il^h  <Ji<rrect 
might  have  been  aoiiced  at  the  time  of  tele." 
And  if  a  defect  ia  obviout,  yet  if  the  purchater 
<<«  mitled  aa  to  the  character  or  extent,  a  war- 
ranty if  imiJied.* 

It  there  be  no  exprcM  warn.)  vy,  the  common 
'.xw,  in  general,  implies  noti>.',  Ita  rule  is, 
onqnestiooabiy,  rotmi/  tmftf<''^  -let  the  pur- 
chaser taka  care  of  hia  own  tereats.  One 
important  and  nniT«rsal  exccfik./!)  in  thisi  the 
rule  never  applies  to  cases  ol  ^raud,  never 
proposes  to  protect  a  seller  agsiiit  his  own 
fraud,  nor  to  disarm  a  purchaser  fii  <n  a  defence 
or  remedy  against  a  seller's  firaud.*  The  com- 
mon law  does  not  oblige  the  sellet  to  disclose 
all  that  h«  knows,  which  lessens  the  value  of 
the  prppecty  he  wottld  sell.  He  may  be  silent, 
leaving  the  pttrclttaer  to  inquire  an4  examine 
for  biinself,  or  to  require  a  warranty.  He  may 
be  silent,  and  b«  safe ;  but  if  he  be  more  than 
silent,  if  by  acts,  and  certalnlj^  if  by  words,  he 
lends  th«  bayar  astny,  indncing  him  to  suppose 
that  he  buys  widi  warranty,  or  otherwise  pre- 
venting his  examiaatlon  or  inouiry,  this  be- 
comes a  fraud,  of  which  th«  law  will  take 
cognisance.  The  seller  nay  let  th«  buyer 
cheat  himself  tUtSmum,  but  must  stot  actively 
axtist  him  in  cheating  himself.*  As  i&ere 
silence  implies  no  warranty,  neither  do  remarks 
which  should  be  c<nstnied  as  simple  praise  or 
commendation  I*  but  any  distinct  assertion  or 
affirmation  o£  quality  nade  by  the  owner 
ilmring  a  mmtutiMt.  It  ia  essential .  that  a 
warranty,  to  De  binding,  be  made  ittrimg  the 
negbtiatioa)  if  made  after  the  lak  iaoompwted, 

n-jiVt.  i<«^i Hr..^il.  506.  T-nR, «.  tI.  |)|. 4;  II Ed. 

ln«8,Si»:s 
..«.Aa.3l9. 

..    .» .w. .  ,  »»v.  <»  .■i*3-    «• 

tSuobh.  L.f;     X-'^^SS9i   ^^  "*-JHt  sBMt. 

5ir ;  Deng,  w  t  3  H«rr.  ri  i^tm. .  .     :•  Cwisa.  4I ;  4 

);8i  loVeiiJ,  no.    sMiV  f4  ftlt.42«.    Sk 

t  wheat.  itI  ;  14  BaiK  M.  j  ■.  467:3  E.1.  ft 
£.17;  >  Baidw.  $31;  1  V  i,.€.><st  t  Yeatci, 
307 ;  '»i«?-  L.  49;  tSsA.  v>.  •  SrL.  ft  E.  3i«.  S. 
C.  i  tojC.B.,S9i£  aBN.Cli- f'      ,    '"'iJ'J'*?'  " 

Stoiy,  75?J  s 


Pick.  4«;  iVcs.J«o.  m;   14. 
Id.>7.]:  tfTiom. mwLjtn 
Kubjoct  cmMlaad  ta  s  luac  Oms. 
Falrr.ati:  nlrsd. JL  33ar  tS«r4 
Bt.  Jtf.    lM?>itty C««tt. 


llWi/. 


m."! 


**  Milt  3 
.  ^s  jT^Ssn. 
>.  'J.  41a.  C.3 
''^'ad.sl42  L. 


iv  ia  wItlnvtM  consideration  and  void.*  If,  how 
fjr,  thfo  V'^i'^.'ior,  in  a  negotiation  between  ihe 
partita  1..  h-v  anyt  before  the  tale,  offer  to  war- 
-i^tthe  i!  <:!«,  the  warrant-^  ■■'ill  be  bindiiiK< 
for  the  r-tk'  -'  jf  a  chattel,  wblv  it  may  be  tup 
posed  v>i;k  mounded  to  cause  the  sale,  and  wa^ 
operative  in  causing  it,  and  will  be  regarded  u 
implying  or  as  ctmaotiiting  a  warranty.  If  stu  h 
afiunnatlon  weie  made  in  good  faith  It  is  still  a 
warraDty  j  $M'i  if  made  with  a  knowledge  of 
ti<  ,<«.?nty,  it  is  a  warranty,  and  it  it  also  a 
Staf.'i  It  Is  certain  that  the  word  warrait 
ttotro'  i'lJt  'cm  used,  nor  any  other  of  precUele 
the.  U'tic  meaning.  It  is  enough  if  the  wordi 
\uis4  impnrtan  undertaking  on  t|^e  part  of  the 
owner  luat  the  chattel  is  what  it  is  represented 
to  be,  or  an  equivalent  to  such  undertaking.* 
One  exception  to  the  rule  of  tav*«U  tm-Mor 
springs  firom  the  rule  itself.  For  a  require- 
Rienr  tht  the  purchastir  should  "beware,"  or 
should  take  care  to  ascertain  for  himself  the 
quality  of  the  thing  he  buys,  becomes  uiterly 
unreasonable  under  circumstances  which  make 
such  care  inpossil>le.  If,  therefore,  the  seller 
alone  poaaeases  the  requisitei  knowledge,  or 
means  of  knowledge,  ania  oflets  his  goods  for 
sale  under  circumstaacet  which  compel  the 
purchaser  to  rely  upon  the  judgment  and  hon- 
esty of  the  aeller,  without  any  examination  on 
his  own  part  as  to  the  quality  of  the  thing 
offered,  tne  rule  eawat  tmftfr  does  not 
apphr.' 

If  goods  are  sold  by  sample,  there  can  be 
no  examination  </f  the  goods,  but  there  may  be 
of  the  sample.  There  Is,  thorefore,  an  implied 
warranty  that  the  goods  correspond  to  the 
sample.*  If  there  be  an  express  warranty,  an 
examination  of  samplea  is  no  weiver  of  the 
wamnty ;  nor  is  an  inquiry  or  examination  into 
the  character  or  quality  ct  the  things  sold  {  for 
a  man  haa  »  right  to  protect  himself  by  such 
inquiry,  and  alao  fajr  a  wiuranty.c 

If  a  thing  be  onlered  from  ih  manufisctmer 
for  a  speciu  purpoae,  and  it  be  supplied  and 
sold  for  that  purpoae,  there  is  an  imj^ed  war- 
ranty that  it  ii  fit  for  that  pnnMae>  If  the 
thing  la  itselt  specifically  lelectea  and  ordered, 
the  pwehaser  takes  upon  himself  ^  risk  of  iu 
effecting  ita.pnimaae.  But  wher»  he  ottders  a 
thing  (St  a  qieeHl  purpoae,  or  to  do  a  spedfic 


Kara 
Cat 


jr».  J  Jto;  ««  B.  L.  ft  B.  934. 8.  C  i  ts  C.  B.  i}o. 
_4ro.  J.4;  3;Blbb.3$;  3 Mas.  334;  •Blag.  311  • 
IBM,  4t:  4jg>nii.j»i  i  oo  Id.^!    IS  Mm.  3W  ;  | 


333:  s^wmstij  itdUsSt.4i;  iwis.^iMid. 
•rS  t  dfteit.  Milts  Man.  ft  0.«79i  |M.«M.  Addi- 

%^^Ji.  e  .1 W.  44,:  fc^  all  sif  L'<^ 


''.omideration  and  void.*  If,  how. 
oiiiir,  in  a  ncgulialion  between  ihc 
V  d*yn  befori!  ihe  ule,  oflier  to  war- 
i:l«,'lhe  warranl-  -'ill  be  bindin){< 
jf  a  chattel,  wbi'  it  majr  be  mip 
7i<«nd«d  to  cauM  the  «al«,  and  wa^^ 
caiuing  it,  and  will  be  regarded  an 
ae  ctnMitating  a  warranty.  Ifniih 
iret«  mad*  in  good  faith  it  ia  tlill  a 
\a'^  if  made  wiili  a  Icnowledge  of 
It  1*  a  warranty,  and  it  ii  alio  a 
i*  certain  that  the  word  warrant 
e  u«ed,  nor  any  other  of  preciaeto 
leaning.  It  is  enough  if  the  wordi 
.an  nndeitalcing  on  tl^e  part  of  the 
the  chattel  ia  what  it  ia  represented 
I  equivalent  to  such  andertaking* 
ion  to  the  rale  of  (ovttU  twfttr 
D  the  nil*  itself.  For  a  require- 
he  purchaatir  should  "  beware,"  or 
I  care  to  aiiccrtain  for  himself  the 
li*  thing  he  bays,  becomes  uittrly 
e  under  circuntstances  which  make 
Bspoasible.  If,  thnefore,  the  seller 
isses  the  requisitei  knowledge,  or 
nowledge,  and  oAm  hb  goods  for 
drcomstancea  which  compel  the 
>  rely  upon  the  judgment  and  hon- 
seller,  without  toy  examination  on 
tit  u  to  the  qnidity  of  the  thing 
I    rale    taivtat  tit^fler    does   not 

are  sold  by  sam|de,  there  can  be 
tion  </f  the  goods,  but  there  may  be 
le.  There  IS,  thorefore,  an  implied 
UU  the  goods  cotrespood  to  the 
f  there  b«  aa  express  warrantv,  an 
I  of  samples  is  no  wahrer  or  the 
lor  is  an  inquiry  or  examlnatioa  into 
t  or  qnality  of'^tha  things  sold  i  for 
a  right  to  protect  hiiaself  by  such 
I  also  hf  a  wiwranty.c 
r  be  oiitl««d  from  a  manufaetmer 
1  purposa,  and  it  he  supplied  and 
I  purpiise,  there  is  an  implied  war- 
t  b  fit  for  that  piupose>  If  the 
It  spedficaUy  selectea  and  ordered, 
er  takes  apoahimsalf  the  risk  of  iu 
-punoie.  Bnt  v1mi»  ha  orders  a 
pacHl  porpoae,  or  to  do  a  qiaeififi 


Slilutn.  ato.'^r?'  tuMC.  'km- 

C ••  14.  44»:  •  <lA  i«>  at WLi 
i«Kaeh.»4St  iWk»aari  slndL 


SALES. 


work,  thw-e  he  puts  i),\n  risk  upon  the  person 
who  is  to  supply  the  thing.' 

No  warranty  can  be  implied  from  circum- 
itancea,  if  there  be  an  expreu  refuaal  to  war- 
rant.* And  where  the  contract  of  lale  is  in 
writing,  and  contains  no  warranty,  there  parol 
evidence  is  not  admissible  to  add  a  warranty  J 
And  if  there  be  a  warranty  in  writing,  it  can- 
nut  be  enlarged  or  varied  by  parol  evidence.* 

The  rale  as  to  unsoundnesr  is,  that  if  at  the 
time  of  sale  the  animal  has  any  disease  which 
either  actually  does  diminish  the  natural  sound- 
ness of  the  animnl,  so  as  to  make  him  leu 
capable  of  work  of  any  description,  or  which, 
in  its  ordinary  [irogre  -,  will  diminish  the  use- 
ruliiess  of  the  animal ;  or  if  he  has,  either  from 
disease  or  accidv'-nt,  undergone  any  alterarfoni 
of  stracture  thct  either  actually  cloes  at  the 
time,  or  in  its  ordinar/  effect  will  diminish  hi* 
natural  uaefulness,  such  animal  is  unsound.' 
So,  if  4  horse  has  at  the  time  of  saic  the  tttds 
ofdistast,  which  in  iu  ordinary  progress  will 
iliniinish  his  natural  usefulness,  thu  is  unsound- 
ness." But  a  temporary  and  curable  injury, 
Jilthou^h  it  existed  at  the  time  o(  tiit,  if  ti  dMt 
not  injure  tkt  animal  for  /itsent  strvta,  is  not 
uA  unsoundness.*  It  seems  to  be  immaterial 
whether  the  injury  b«  permanant  or  temporary, 
curable  or  incurable,  if  it  render  the  animal 
less  fit  (atfrftmi  usefulness  ^d  convenience.* 
The  question  of  soundness  or  uusoundnevs  is 
particularly  for  the  Jury ;  and  the  court  will  not 
net  askte  a  verdict  on  account  of  a  preponder- 
ance of  the  testimony  the  other  way.' 

Any  property  may  be  sold  "  with  all  faulU." 
This  IS  an  emphatic  exclusion  of  all  warranty. 
But  it  givee  the  seller  no  right  to  commit  a 
fraud,  nor  will  it  prevent  the  sale  from  being 
avoided  on  proof  M  fraud.  And  it  Is  fraud  it 
(he  seller  conceal  existing  fisults,  and  draws  the 
attentkm  of  the  buyer  away  so  aa  to  prevent  his 
discovering  them,  ot  places  the  property  in  such 
circumstaneea  that  diseoveiy  is  inpossible,  or 
made  very  dWcnlt* 

In  general,  then  is  bo  ImpHed  warranty 
whatever  arising  firom  jadidal  sales.' 

RIOHTS  AND  KKMBDIBS  OF 
PARTY  UPON  BSUBACH  OP  WAR- 
RANTY. When  warnu^r  hu  been  broken, 
the  bimr  nuy  either  bria;  Bis  aetioB  at  once, 
founding  it  upon  the  breadi  of  warranty,  with- 
out returning  the  goods;  bat  his  oootinnad  poa- 
sesaion  of  the  goods,  and  their  aetial  valae, 
will  be  considered  \n  estimating  the  damages,* 
Or,  he  may  retnmibe  goods  fnttln^t  and  if 
he  does  so  without  oBnasooahle  delay,  this 
will  be  a  redssioiii  of  the  sale,  and  he  ouiy  sue 

B-tK.L.  ftE.iBo,S.C.:  toC.  B.9ait  sM.  ftW. 


.  «s»: 


for  the  price  If  he  has  paid  it,  or  defend  sgainat 
an  action  for  the  price,  if  uiie  be  broughi  by  the 
aeller.  Uut  if  he  has  sold  a  part  before  his  dis- 
covery of  the  breach,  and  therefore  cannot  ro- 
turn  them,  he  may  still  rescind  the  sale,  and 
will  be  liable  for  the  market  value  of  what  he 
does  not  return.*  And  if  the  vendor  refuse  to 
receive  the  goods  back,  when  tendered,  the 
purchaser  may  sell  them;  and  if  he  sells 
them  for  what  they  aro  reasonably  worth,  and 
within  a  reasonable  time,  he  may  recover  of 
the  vendor  the  loss  upon  the  resale,  with 
Ihe  expense  of  keeping  the  goods  and  selling 
them.* 

■IU.  OP  mhMM  POBMa. 

Us«  AssioMMairr  roans,  aoM. 

BUI  mt  BsJe   dewosNii  rMiaa  wMk 
„  WisrrMstjr. 

Know  aU  man  by  thaaa  prsaeots,  that  in  cooh 

■idaration  of doUars,  the  racaipt  of  which  U 

harsby  acknowMgod.  i  do  lieral>]r  grant,  s«lt, 
tranafiw,  anf  dsUver  unto  C.  D..  hia  fcairs,  aascul 
tors.  adrakniatratMa,  and  aaslgBS.  the  feilewtog 
goods  a»4  chattela,  via.  (JtitriSiiv  A)t 

To  have  and  to  hold  aU  aad  aliigutar  the  aald 
■toodaaDdehattalarorfrar.  And  the  aaid  grantor 
neraby  covsnanta  with  aald  graataa  that  ha  to 
it'. 'SI''"'  •*»?•••?'  aaM  gooda  and  chatMlas 
that  tbay  wa  Araa  from  all  laaumbraaeea  i  that 
he  Jim  go^  right  t«  aaU  the  aaaaa.  aa  afersaaid  t 
and  that  ha  wUl  warrant  and  dafcad  the  aama 
against  tha  UwAa  claims  and  damaada  of  all 
paraone  whomsosvai 

In  wltnasa  wheraof,  tha  said  graator  has  harw- 
unto  aat  hIa  hand  thU day  oT . 

Wltoaaa-  '  a.  a 

■IU  •t  aao^-^r  •  n*M»>«itis 

_  Wavrtsusy. 

i5"*!r  •""••«>  *r,t»>aaa  ptwents,  that  In  con- 
sldarattoa  of-—  dotlani  (»r  ttitr  muUfraUm),  to 
ma  paid  bv  C.  D.,  tba  rae^pt  of  whleh  to  hereby 
ackoowladgad.  I.  A.  B..  by  thaaa  prsaaota  de 
bargain,  aaU,  and  SMvaw  to  tha  aaU  C  D.,  hto 
hairs,  e«aaiatera,adaiiaiairatera,aod  aaaiCBa,eBa 

aH^trmmAHTkitema  aa  tha iwrae,  to  have  ani 

to  held  the  aame  nnto  the  aaid  C.  D.,  hto  hairs. 

'  ^?H.•  "*  ">'!!■"•  "y  heira,  asoeutefa,  and  ad- 
miniatraters,  win  warrant  and  dofcad  aaid  horse 
unto  him  the  aald  C.  D.,  hto  hairs,  v»^SS^!^ 

Sl?iS"'^  ■**  f'V^l  •«?*«»*  »»»e  lawfM 
claims  and  demands  of  all  and  every  petaoa  or 
parMnawbataoaver.                           '  "^ 
.  WltaoaamyhaadtUa davof . 

Wltaaaaas-  ^^*^  ^  »•     * 

See  CoMvavAMcasi  Moaraaass,! 


pi*.  SMSatas. 
.  8m  MamcAi.  Law. 
,  Ssa  PATsms. 

.  SMCannwAtLAW. 
s — ss:i:l-*II^*'_"«»  CaaaiiiAi.  Law, 

filMJfKjM  CmMIH^LAW,  "AfNSt.'' 

I  Baa  AoBNCT. 

aSk  8«S  COMTKACIS. 

•  Aomacr;  ComaAcn. 

rosier  (H.  HA  tid.  •.4  Canpb.  tti ;  i  Stark.  1*7 j  to 
Ah.  nj :  t  bp.  «n-  tff  "Jaunt.  153.  ^.3  Camjpb. 
»4  i  Paaka's  Ca^iij  •  4  rauM.  i«5 :  j  CamSb.  sofTa 

"••  ''l^-  «^  *•  "3i«  "•"■•  A  Johns.  353;  t. 
JJM  «AT?SL«»C*  >*»•  rtoi  3  SavKfl 


Ni.  aj:  r»  B. 

„--, ......  S. ft  Manh. 

3?J  !^"  t-J  Taaat.  jMi  3  Stark.  ^:  HIU,  6«s 
aid.  4M:  M  laob.  an :  at  Conn,  uii  ■tIB.  180 


^Ua4s:iiAia.73ti 
Bt.«i3r    - 

istCoan. 


a  irf.  4M:  Mlaib.  aiiist'CMn.  3411  sni  iiSo.'  'Si 


i 


i 


ii 


6J4 


MkMMMk  Sm  CoHTaACn. 

Utmm4imr,  hm  Toat*. 

■•■•f.    Sm   Haimiww. 

•m  Cbimihal  Law. 


TtUB. 


■y.  iM 

MM>wli«Mi.  Sm  Muhcal  Law. 
U«]r.  Im  li'xM  oa  OauaMMiMi  Ccm> 
iravAMcak  mc. 

wm*  8m  CoMT«ACn. 

■to.  >M  La*. 

|m  CaiMiMAi.  Law. 
,  Sw  MamcAL  Law, 
Mk  >M  Coimum. 
la  Tm««iMk  Hm  Saum. 
_Mi.  8m  AoBHi'v ;  AaaiTBATtoH. 
Sm  MmcAL  Law. 
Ma  Cowtiu^cTa. 

I»>  8m  Co«tbact«  ;  PATMBinr,  arc. 
■■Mrta.  Sm  UaatcAi.  Law. 
iwMW.  Im  EvitHMCa,  "AffinMilon,"  "Oalh." 
TMIMi*.  8m  LAWDLOaO  AMD  TawAirT. 

♦■■!■■■■>. Im  CoMvmtAMCM.  "  WUb." 

Tnra. 

Gtntnlljr  in  ooanMting  time  one  dav  it  in- 
cladad  and  one  •xclHdvai*  Mcluding  um  day 
on  which  aa  Ml  h  dona,  wh«n  lh«  computa- 
tion k  to  be  Butda  ftom  raeh  an  act.*  Includ- 
ing It,*  noapl  when  Um  aidaslon  will  pravent 
forf«ii«i«.*  TUna  from  and  aftar  a  gl'ftn  day 
axcladaa  that  dav.* 

In  ptaadinf ,  tuna  la  a  point  ki  or  ipaca  of 
dnraiion  at  or  dnriag  whidi  aoac  iMt  fa  aUagad 
to  ba  committed. 

In  criminal  action!  both  tha  day  and  yaar  of 
tha  eoaMaimioa  of  thaoflieBc*  amat  appeart  but 
thcra  Mcd  not  be  an  axpraH  avennent  If  thfy 
can  be  collected  froaa  tha  whole  ilalcmeni.' 
The  ptMaecntor  may  giva  evtdeaoa  of  an  offence 
conuBitled  on  iMtjf  day  which  fa  pceviotia  to  the 
making  of  the  complaint  or  lading  of  tha  infor- 
matioa  or  IndictaMot;*  but  a  day  8Bbae(|ue&t 
to  tha  trial  cannot  bs  allagad.' 

In  paiaoaal  actimia  all  tra«anaUa  aflii  jative 
beta  ihoald  ba  laid  aa  oecniring  on  aoaM  day,' 
bnt  ao  dqr  aacd  ba  alfaigad  Car  tha  ooennence 
of  aegattra  matter  J  A  Idlam  ia  thfa  laapect 
fa,  la  geacnd.  aided  after  vetdlct.*  Where  the 
caaae  of  action  fan  trnaeam  of  a  panaaaeat  aa- 
tare  or  conataatly  lepeaied,  it  iMald  ba  hid  aa 
coatiavlng.  Tha  day  need  aot,  ia  MBeral,  be 
the  actuafday  ef  eenMaiafiaa  of  the  faat.'  The 
exact  tima  may  bacoBM  auUerial  and  miuk  than 
be  correctly  Mated,"  aa,  the  time  of  axecntion 
of  an  execntotf  Written  docnmeat.*  Tlie  de- 
fence most  follow  the  tiaM  laM  la  dtapteintfra 
complaint  if  tha  time  fa  mH  ■utarial.*  bat  need 
not  when  It  beeoaMa  aMtariat,P  or  ia  flmMmg 
matter  of  dfachaiga,*  «■•  A  mcotd.' 

•4P.A,Arawaa.*li  aMoar.alf:  t0M^m.t.) 

nti  i6Caw.  f^i  II MiMa- aoi:  «  W*  jMt  ttm. 
{Maw.)  »7;  Aatboe.  tn;  ajMalaJia:  IMM.  t;  ay 
Ala.  3»i  I  19  Mo.  4oi  aM  iIOmh.  it.  JB>Aeeoidfai(M 


>I<LaM;'&£L 
»  Fr.  iAat,«yod 
;  f  J. J. ■wail. 50a t  (I 

.II.aaf>t  tHawa.  aaas 


Oanerally  he  who  hna '  precedency  in  tlm* 
haa  the  advantauc  in  rl){hl ;  not  that  lime,  con. 
lidered  In  itAcIf,  can  niAlie  tuth  a  ditterencr, 
but  bccauae  the  whole  ptiwer  over  »  thing  beini; 
accurcd  to  one  penuin,  hart  all  oihen  ftrom  ob- 
taining a  title  to  It  afterwards.* 

DaTI.  Written  inmrumcniH  generally  talte 
effeet  (W>nt  the  day  of  their  <latc, lint  the  actual 
date  of  their  execution  may  b«  •hown,  though 
difierent  from  that  which  the  inMrumenI  bean. 
But  It  ia  Mid  that  the  date  i«  not  of  the  emencc 
of  a  contract,  but  Ik  eaueniial  to  the  identity  of 
the  writing  hf  which  it  ii  to  lie  proved.'  And 
if  the  wrttlen  date  ia  an  im|Mm!illtle  one,  the 
time  of  delivery  mutt  be  abown.*  -In  general 
it  fa  aaflteient  to  inaert  the  day,  month,  and 
year ;  though  in  proceaa  from  courts  the  how  is 
sometimea  required  in  addition. 

See  CoimtACTi  i  Cohvkyancu,  nc 

A  Day  it  generally,  but  not  aiwayt,  regarded 
In  law  aa  a  part  of  time  t  and  fractiont  will  not 
be  recogniied.*  By  cnatom  the  word  day  ttay 
ba  nndmtood  to  include  working  dayi  onlr,* 
and  la  a  aimilar  manner  only  a  certain  number 
of  hoait,  then  the  number  daring  which  the 
work  actually  continued  each  day  ;*  as  a  butlncis 
day,  tboaa  hovm  during  which  mnincw  is  tram- 
acted,  aad  thfa  varies  in  different  k>calitica. 
Abo,  a  bankiitg  day,  extending  from  9  or  10 
A.  M.,  to  ^  or  4  r.  M.  A  solar  day  it  that 
poittoa  of  b  IM  dnring  which  the  tun  is  shining 
or  wU(^  tba  features  of  a  man  can  be  reatoii- 
aMy  dfaceraed.'  Generally,  in  legal  significa- 
tion, a  day  lacludet  the  time  elapnng  from  one 
midnight  to  Um  tucceedlng  one.* 

Lahb  or  Tiua  olten  nimishet  a  pretump- 
tlon,  rtronger  or  weaker,  according  to  the  length 
of  time  wnich  bat  Msied,  of  the  truth  of  certain 
facta,  andi  at  tba  l(»al  title  to  rigbu,  paymen>. 
of  or  nieaaa  tnm  debts. 

Month.  See  Bitxa,  Bonds  and  Notbi 
Tiim  or,  crc,  p.  166. 

NiOHT  fa  that  tnace  of  time  dnring  whicli 
the  ann  fa  below  tne  horixon  of  the  eaith,  ex- 
cept that  ahoit  apace  which  precede*  its  riling 
and  followa  Its  aetting,  dnring  wMch,  by  in 
I^^  the  caanceaance  of  a  man  aiaj  be  dit- 
oovaraa.* 

SmmAT.    Tba  time  within  which  an  aot  b 

',  to  ba  doiM  BMat  b*  oompaled  by  eptcludiiff  the 

fint  day  and  iachidiag  the  latt;  if  the  batday 

hf  Saadqr  it  matt  be  axdaded.    Whara  the 

year  cx|iina  oa  Sunday,  aaeh  SunAqr  fa  aot 

gj 

isMry V. lit  s*a.    it-uouM n. t>  3. %vf» 
Ft.  sag;  1  laand^i*. li.    f^SaaaCs.*,/ 


Tidjips 
a-iOitty 


*•  v.*!*'-.  1^'  J*-  ""SI-  *    »«  it  Pgwa.  ui. 
Mmgt.  C«);  a  Sata.  Or.  ft;  Kmoi  Gr.  nr.  a}!. 


Ill-  ■_ 


lO  who  knii  pr«c«<ienef  In  ilm* 
iiae  ill  ri({Mi  not  that  lima,  con- 
ill,  can  nuke  iiiih  n  diftcrtncr, 
t  wholt  power  over  ii  thing  b«in|{ 

penum,  lion  all  other*  (h>m  oh- 
to  II  aAerwardi.* 
'iticn  liiiitrumcniH  mnerally  take 

day  of  their  date,  hat  the  actual 
ixecution  may  Ix;  (hown,  (hough 
that  which  the  inoirnmcnl  besn. 
hat  the  date  i*  not  of  ih«  ewtmce 
but  In  evuential  to  the  identhji  of 
which  it  it  to  lie  proved.*    And 

date  I*  an  im|MMtllile  one,  the 
ry  mutt  he  ahown.*   'In  getiertl 

to  Iniert  the  day,  month,  and 
in  proceaa  from  courtt  the  hour  ii 
Hired  in  addition. 
icTi;  Conveyances,  rre. 
eneralljr,  but  not  elwayi.  rcMrdcd 
rt  of  time  t  and  firaction*  will  not 
.*  By  matom  the  word  dijr  may 
1  to  include  working  dajrt  onW,* 
ir  manner  only  ■  certain  number 
I  the  number  during  which  the 
:ontinncd  each  day  /  as  a  but incis 
n  during  which  buaincH  it  tnin*- 
lit  varies  in  different  localitin, 
ng  day,  entending  tram  9  or  lo 
HT  4  p.  M.  A  Miar  day  It  that 
t  during  which  the  tun  ii  shining 
reatures  of  a  man  can  be  reaton- 
l7  Generally,  in  legal  tignifica- 
:ludc*  tbe  time  elapsing  firoBi  one 
w  succeeding  one.* 
riMS  often  nimlshes  a  presump- 
or  weaker,  according  to  the  length 
has  passed,  of  the  truth  of  certain 
tbe  uwal  title  to  rights,  paymeni: 
ntNn  debts. 

iee  Bills,  Bomm  and  Notik 
.,  p.  166. 

h<«l  space  of  time  during  which 
low  tM  horison  of  the  eaitb,  eX' 
t  spao*  which  precedes  its  rbing 
Its  setting,  dniing  which,  by  iti 
infwice  of  a  laan  auy  ba  dii- 

Th«  tiasa  within  which  an  ad  ii 
■I  ha  oooipaled  by  ^cludiag  At 
acloditig  llM  last;  if  tbe  hNt  day 
be  axdaded.  Wbara  Oe 
Sunday,  saeh  Sundqr  ii  Mt 


M.Jfl3i  8Mph.H.s» 


«!•;  YMr, 


•r(C.if)j  nowe.  »«,«.  k-irBsM. 
«,#/  Go.  LiM.tli.«;  n  Johnt.  (t;:  j 
Cii»p.,«it:  4%.»«i  4t.U,m:  i« 

$.  u-OSiMnt.  3,  t*T'  •^Cwtty 
PTOi.  Tso:  7lo«d.  4f  J  sSsr.>«^  J- 


l3.   *i  TmM.  B«.  »^  T^ 

Ckt,  |««,     1F-|^«s.  Ou  sjHfj^ j 

O.  ft  Km.  %    »•  It  baana.  t«i. 
r.  ust^*  ■•  £i""^  ••4!  Bi«.  Aw 

MM.  Or.  JS)  KIM  I  O.  Bv.  S}l. 


TIM»-TORTa» 


r<clu(l«d  from  the  cmapntatlon  of  the  thirty 
<iay»  preceding  the  eiirtratinn  of  the  year.* 

Tub  Wkbk  commences  tmmediately  after 
twelve  o'clock  on  the  night  between  Saturday 
anil  Sunday,  and  ends  at  twelve  o'clock  (even 
(lay*  of  twenty  lour  hours  each  (hereafter.  The 
tira  day  of  the  week  is  called  Sunday  \  the 
lecond,  Monday,  etc.* 

Till  Year.  The  civil  year  differs  from  the 
Mtronomlcal,  the  latter  being  componcd  of 
three  hundred  and  lixtyfive  days,  five  hours, 
l>rtyeight  seconds  and  a  fraction,  while  the 
f»riner  consists  lometimes  o(  three  hundred 
tnd  siaty-Ave  dsys,  and  at  others  (leap  yean) 
of  thrae  hundred  and  lixty-tis  davs. 

Tha  rear  is  divided  into  hau  year,  which 
consists'  at  one  hundred  and  eighty-two  dayx ; 
and  Quarter  of  a  year,  which  consists  of  ninety - 
one  oays.*  It  is  further  divided  into  twelve 
months. 

Tha  civil  year  commences  Immediately  after 
twelve  o'clock  at  sight  of  the  thiity-firsl  day 
uf  Deoeaiber,  that  is,  tha  first  moment  of  the 
fint  day  of  January,  and  ends  at.  midnight  of 
the  thiriy-firrt  day  of  Oacambar  twaiva  BKWibs 
theresftar.' 

TMto.  8es  CoMVBTAMcas, 
TlUa  Kaatfa.  liu  cohvbvamcbs. 

TOSm  •■  WBAKCMk  S««  Coimucts. 

A  Tort  is  a  private  or  civil  wrong  or  injury. 
A  wrong  independent  of  contract.*  Tha  oom- 
mluion  or  omission  of  an  act  by  one  without 
right  whereby  another  receives  sonnc  injury, 
directly  or  indirectly,  in  person,  property,  or 
reputation.    * 

DisTiNotnimD  FROM  AoRismirrs  or 
Contracts.  As  recognised  bjr  tb«  law  for  the 
cnfurcenieat  of  rights  and  redress  of  injuries, 
torts  may  ba  dtsttnguished  froos  contracts  w 
ai^reemaata  br  these  qualities!  That  parties 
jointly  committing  torts  are  sarerabhr  liable 
without  right  of  contribntioa  from  caw  other; 
iha  tha  death  of  either  party  destroys  the  right 
of  actioa ;  that  persons  under  personal  disablli* 
ties  to  oootract  are  liabla  for  their  torts;  that 
attachment,  arrest,  and  imprisonment  are  al- 
I  jwed  on  claiaM  arising  under  omtracts.*  A 
lort,  howerer,  may  grow  out  of,  or  make  part 
of,  or  ba  eotaddent  with,  a  oontiact,  as  in  the 
familiar  casa  of  a  ftandulent  sale,  or  fraudulent 
recomaMBdation  of  a  third  person ;  the  wrong 
of  fraud  abnost  necessarily  implies  an  accom- 
panying eomtiud.  In  these  cases  the  law  ofien 
sliowa  the  party  tejured  an  electioa  of  re- 
niediao)  that  is,  he  mar  proceed  against  the 
other  party  cilber  as  a  dabtor  or  contractor,  or 

k-yOUeSLMl.  e4«s4lha.)<t.  «Oa.Lltt.i3S,J. 


..'•i<'«y..-M*9aAia.  (N.s.iei}:  1 
<->   L.  J.19.    IFeiWaad.  4n;  I  Ga.3ti:  4McLcaaC 


as  a  wroBg-doer.*  Whers  personal  propcHy 
has  been  tortuously  taken  and  turned  into 
money  or  money's  worth,  Ute  party  injured 
may  ^woceed  upon  the  lupiMMitlon  of  a  contract 
imi)lied  by  law  in  his  favor.  In  such  cases  he 
it  taid  to  waive  the  tort.* 

liisTiNouitiiKO  raoM  Crimu.  The  tame 
act  may  constitute  a  public  wrong  (crime),  and 
a  private  wrong;  (tort),  and,  either  at  the  tame 
time  or  at  different  time*,  be  the  subject  of  a 
criminal  prosecution  and  a  private  action  for 
danMgea.* 

In  reCtrenca  lo  the  natora  of  the  act,  manual 
taking,  inlertirence,  or  removal  is  not  neces- 
sary to  constitute  a  tort.  Any  act  of  a  party 
who  baa  con*  rightfully  into  the  paaxeiition  of 
property  in  excess  of  or  contrary  to  hit  author- 
ity over  ii,  and  which  negatives  or  ii  incon- 
sistent with  tbe  righu  of  the  owner,  constitataa 
a  tort.' 

ACTZONi  won. 

Tbe  liability  to  make  reparation  for  an  in- 
jury resto  upon  an  original  moral  duty.s  And 
an  action  on  tbe  casa  lies,  in  general,  wher* 
one  saay  susuia  an  injury  by  the  misconduct 
or  negHgance  of  another  for  which  the  law  has 
provided  no  other  adequate  remedy.*  But 
to  justify  an  action  there  must  be  a  loss  ss  well 
as  a  wrong.*  But  in  a  variety  of  cases,  a 
wrong  being  proved,  consequent  damage  will 
baprasiuned.* 

In  order  to  maintain  an  action  the  relation 
of  causa  and  effect  must  be  shown  between  the 
act  and  tha  iniurv/  and  tbe  damage  must  not 
b*  rarncta  or  iadiract,*  although  every  person 
who  doaa  a  wrong  Is  responsible  for  all  the 
miscbieiroBS  oonseqnanoes  that  may  rsasonably 
ba  expected  under  ordinary  cirvnmsUaoes  from 
such  misconduct.'  In  general,  courts  can  en- 
fbrco  only  local  obligations  and  redress  injuriea 
tolMali^ghu.*i  Henca  the  legality  or  iUegal. 
ity  of  any  act  mar  sometbnas  detarasin*  wiie- 
thar  it  is  to  ba  viewed  as  a  lort  In  general, 
if  a  party  in  the  exereise  of  a  legal  right,  more 
especially  if  otiifisired  by  express  statute,  does 
an  injary  to  another's  prapeity,  ba  to  not  liable 
Cor  damages,  unlaia  caused  fay  tha  want  of  or- 
dinary cara  and  skill.* 

In  general,  no  right  of  actfon  can  arise  from 
an  ill%al  transactton.*  But  tbn  mla  does  not 
itttarfara  with  tba  right  of  propei^  «ven  in 
artidaa  tbe  tala  of  which  to  forbidden  by  law.* 
A  party  Kaay  b«  dabanrnd  from  an  action  by  a 
license,  by  estoppel,  or  tqr  a  waiver.s 

In  general,  a  party  injured  cannot  maiataia 


. .- ,_•  alUn  raardsd  as  beyond 

»•  reach  of  Uaal  rwlma.  m-t  Hlnianl  Toni,  U ;  3S 
"VvSC*!  Bmmoi CeaHi._iS:  iSnak.e4!  lOny.iW: 
s  U.  fwjaj«L  J-w  ICA.  «,,  k-r ,  Met.  M^j 
SDS.  I*sbdi.s43i  tsssOtasBl.  Cv.|*s4:  1  Ckitty 
n.  n»;4ttii  >yni.saa.   ■BtaUAo.ass.   fHisMliii. 

8:  s  Stock.  33* :  tea  t  8*r.  494.    •-»  Cssll.  jn;  lo 

(Maw.)  m:  yBiafh-Cti;  10  Ad.  &  EI.90.  iSBsA 
jw;  1  Wmu.  UTi  >»  Ala.  (N.  S.)tsa. 


*«• 


TOftTI. 


H't  Mdoa  for  (Im  Injury  If  cauM-d  in  ■ny  d«grM 
k.f  kit  own  ncgUct  or  wroitg.'  Var<<)M  and 
nica  dlMinctlont,  howtvcr,  ar*  mad*  upon  (hit 
general  •ubj<>ct.  Involving  iha  licsm  of  n«|/lrtl 
or  wrong  nn  Iha  |Mtt  uf  iha  lalntlff,  whi<  h 
will  debar  hiai  fn>m  mAintainliig  an  action,  aiiii 
lU  nalura.  aa  baing  i»<>iiim«ia  <•.  only  tha  r« 
mcxa  cwiM  tt  IM  Injurv.*    But  iba  whola 


1^ 


lurr.' 


quaatior 

CC      «tIMIOM   or  A.Ni)   LIABII^ 
ITY  rOR  TOUT!. 

A  wnMigAil  or  malicioti*  intent  la  an  rwwn- 
lUI  alemant  In  many  lurta,  aa,  <ur  aiample,  ao 
•ault,  fraud,  alandar,  and  malicious  proart  uiinn. 
In  general^  •  prominent  diilincllon  betw  '■ii 
tortt  and  crimca  it  that  lu  tha  former  the  y»'  ,  'i 
inlrnt  It  immaterial.  whIU  In  •  pmaccuii  i 
lh«!  latter  a  crimin  tl  purpoaa  mutt  alwn\  i. 
alleged  and  pruved.  On  tha  other  hand,  m< 
act  which  doea  not  amount  to  a  legal  itijiiry 
and  violatea  no  legal  right.  It  not  actionable 
becaua*  done  with  a  bad  inteniinn.* 

A  iK-rt  may  contiit  In  the  vit>latlon  of  &  *lat- 
tMt,'  or  'He  abute  of  a  privilege  given  by 
■UtuM.*  nd.  In  genaral,  though  a  pMly'a 
orig  lal  a  or  eoaauct  mav  have  bern  right 
Nid  lawful,  'here  may  b«  bim  K  an  abtiK  t 
powaia  and  pn-'ilr^t  which  the  taw  .>ntei' 
■{MMI  him  aa  w  uder  him  liable  to  an  action 
— HM  for  a  Hr.pain,  in  tha  firat  m*'  ce— or 
make  him  a  -t\i  \**m  *t  initi**  A  lawlul 
and  innocent  in  themaelvea  may  .o  becon  ■ 
wrongful  when  done  ««ithn<><  iutt  n  vd  fur  it 
rights  of  oibera,  and  witb<  '*  ' 

to  '^*  time,  place,  or  m^a.  i 
tiMU  '  But  an  action  cannot  be 
far  aniioya''  a  r«ceive<"  i'l.jii  ac«« 


refereii 

•rfrwiiii 

uaintRii 
Uina  on  i . 


•djoiniHg  3  plaintif's  which  ui«  propriaii>r 
might  Uv  ly  do  in  ex'-*«iac  <d  bia  dori'nlon 
ovar  hk        ,» 

T'l  ■  moit  oooipnkamive  and  variou*  data 
of  U  %  ccitalits  of  wrxingt  to  property.  In 
gtnanil,  poiaaiaioii  alone  to  tu.ilcietit  to  main- 
Uin  sn  action  for  tort;  whP  oroperty  akma  U 
not  tufficie ':  without  poaw. .  .loa,  or  *><e  right 
of  potsetaion.^  Even  a  wroogful  poaaetnor 
may  maintain  an  acikni  •c<>in*t  it  l>,I.--.  pencn 


in  the  title;  - 


let* 
len 
aioji, 
tor 

liofi 

who!*.' 


def 

Bui 
ill' 

Mt 
,.nd  I 


titia  of  » third  peiit(4i  Q. 
itt      iiM    iidtr  bim,  a  r 

rp  tin  one  ia  in  actual  p^K  >- 
.ifli' ientconttntci'  jxwtettiua 
•aion;  mo  ■  eape<  Uy  pow**"*- 
ei  conttraciiye  po^      «ioiit  of  t) 

-  it  generally  a  ^        defence 


lo  sn  action  founded  upon  mere  po.v        -n* 

DBFBNCE.  With  retpec!  lothe  i  tc« 
of  one'a  aelf,  wife,  children,  Mrvanla,  etc.,  U  m 
torU,  etc  See  CitiMiNAL  Law,  «Self-de- 
£ence."    With  reject  to  tha  defeaoe  or  pro- 


15  M«.  4S 

II  C.  8 


Y)»ti»lld. 
at:  3C;  i.  I 


akw..4t. 


r-J  Hmiatd  Tow,  f.  4:  «  Hm  fN. 
itfo;  to  Coaa.  set;  4  t*hr.  (94 i 

■-16  Ptaa.  St.4*}:  S  I)»«j  ■<.  „  ^-.w  .  . 
170:  (Tutnt.  SHI  iiO»b.i84:  }M.  ftW.  a4S.  A 
Ind.  It!  I  0«M,  »i.    t->9  COM.  sM:  >(  ^1;  L-  & 

Kq.  4>l  y>    <l-4ni_l**iui.  &0.  S»;  ItAd. .     Kl  -tw; 

v.,  V-t  W  J-»fm.  nh  "•»•»»  "1  4ai5-  *-•  On  il. 
Kv.  I  6is:  I  Co.  l4Si  >>  Bari>.  igo.     jr-4  CooM.  1 


tadiwi  of  OM*!  penonal  prti^arty  a  i«»«n  mtf 
repal  fotM  by  lurca  in  U*  defence,  and  evrn 
juatiiy  bMltr  W  againtt  one  who  inanlf««lly  In- 
lenda  or  Mu^eaven,  bv  violenca  or  'urpri**,  to 
commit  a  known  ftfony,  aa  riAhe/y.  With 
respect  Ijo  tka  diofence  or  pmtecliun  of  real 
prrfferty,  altlKMigh  ii  ia  )iitiiAabla  to  even  kill  t 
ntpum  in  the  ««t  of  alt'  iMptIng  to  commit  t 
liircibia  ftlloay,  aa  bttrglary  or  arson)  fi  thi« 
lustificatiim  con  cmtr  "\«  pit'  i*  when  Ihe  party 
In  piMscMion  l«  wn<  ly  whl»<i«t  faalt.*  And 
when  an  Illegal  forcible  attat  v  is  made  anon  a 
d wiling' house,  cilh  tlta  Intention  merely  of 
ciimmilting  a  trespass,  and  not  with  any  fcloiH' 
rrtis  intent,  Il  is  generally  lawful  fofthe  righlful 
occupant  to  oppose  with  fort-e.'  Sea  Dr.- 
TAi'i-a,  above,  and  '•  .    if  AM,  Vielow. 

IIarikkinu.     Sea       I'BiNi     iship. 

INJURIBI  arise  ..1  three  way* ;  1  Py 
nonfeasance,  or  the  n  t  doing  what  «  a  Icgni 
nbllgation,  or  duly.ort'.inlract.  tu  p>  'i.  a. 
^<i<lleasance,orthap«rfoI1ll!  'Inan  ,.ii(ira|kr 
manner  of  an  act  which  waa  either  th.<! 
pariy't  duty  <  hit  omtract  (to  perform.  ,]. 
Mair>-aaan<  e,  ur  <  >  -  unjust  fierformance  of  loma 
act  w  liich  the  iv  /  had  d  right,  or  which  he 
hatl  ctmlracted  no)     >  do. 

The  rrmedlM  *  «  dilf«  rent  aa  1'  <i  hdti'y 
alfccf       ivataindivi  *..<'*aorUi<       '  When 

(he         ri«a  aifcct  a  p     st*  rial  firivate 

ill,  d,  although  oi'-B   ah        '■   <  ug  »h« 

pnh  ic,   -jera  are  three  dej    '•t^,.-        ..   «"tu- 
I.      ha  preventive,  sue'        :«lbB(^ .  rcstistai    r, 
rr  option,  abatement         a;      £0,i       tyof 
>><itca,  injunction,  et>       ;.  Rem**       for- 
penAatlon,  wl  ,.h  may  y  a- 

action,  or  summary  pru-  ip    ik 

<if  the  peace.     3.  Proi  <.ediii|4,  /or  pi. 
a«  hy  indictment,  or  coB'-^'iint.ai"'       «.<     u 
Iwi  re  a  justice  <)f  the      ac«.     V  ui«  in 

jur  such  a»  to  set  thajmbliG  a  u<  cooMa  a 
crin  or  miidemeanor,  and  th«  party  may  be 
puni  iied  by  indicimetit  w  convKliuB  f<'>  the 
public  injury  or  offe-  *,  and  by  civil  action,  at 
ii  »  inlt  of  tho  ftiau  for  Iha  private  wrong. 
1  in  caaea  of  felony,  the  remedy  by  wlitMi 
fo  h«  private  inj  ry  u  generally  snapaiNled, 
ti  'he  rty  pe  ularly  injured  baa  fulfilled 
i  lepti)        lyproaeoiiingtheofftnder 

fo  public  criu.e;  and  in     aaaa  of  falony 

I!  '       mr'ly  is  »  -rged  in  lb«  fell    v.i 

le  are  iii  «  injuries  tot  v  ich  the  law 
no  remedy  In  general,  >'  irttrfi^rr^ 
only  wher^  Here  has  Ihmo  a  vWbiii  ptky« 
injury  infjictsrf  'dlr  teavet  ahnoat  w  .,> 
unprn  fed  the  whole  ^  trf  *h«  most  allg 
nant  utental  injoriea  and  suffering*,  unlesis  in  a 
few  cues  wher<        a  r  «-'<n  it  suppoaei  tfm" 


»S  Rich   !>9}.    S-i 
no:  ijM<    «oi;  «  < 
w  Mf,  4st ,  t  Btr.  «»« :  I 

jii:  «  Dotel.  m  l      »      M 

i  Humptl.  41a:    14  Oa.  _^ . 
Zabr.  >S5.    w-i  H«l«pt.  Cr 

•«9.a77.    #7B1'    '•  3"S-  » 
Pr.  jiii   Omlltu  i.ib  t,Ch.  I 


iii 


(h. 


y.    •a»a(N  V 

Mat     'i*ts.)«a:   } 

444 ;        East.  PI.  Cf. 

*   C.  I     «jn.  »«CWll» 

Kut)  «r1M  last.  B.  I 


V-i  Cbitly  i'r.  Mi  AyWb  f  >ad.  fpa. 


•*■  pcnoiul  prnptfti'  «  m»n  m»j 

tf  iurca  in  U>  dtlcnca,  mmI  •vrn 

>  acainit  on«  who  uuinlfMtly  In- 

caror«.  bv  *U>iMIM  OT  MH|fiM.  In 

sown  fcfonjr,  M  k  hbiiy.  With 
la  clfrfvnc*  (If  protactloa  ol  ttai 
«ugl)i  it  U  )iitiil*«bl«  to  a««n  kill  t 
(  avt  of  •ilcmptlng  to  oommtt  • 

^,  M   IwivUry  or  knofl  |   fi  IhU 

■•  onhr '  *K«  pio'  when  lh«  p«rty 
!•  wn<  ijr  wlilMiut  fnult.*  Ami 
|al  forcibt*  •nt<  ••  U  made  unnn  t 
M,  *'-illl  tiia  Intentt^m  mcreW  of 
(rtiptuit,  and  not  with  tnjr  fcloiii' 
I*  gftivc  illy  Itwfal  fo^thc  rlghidil 
i>|if<)<Hi  with  fore*.'  Hf  Du- 
re, »nd  I  -  SPAM,  ^>«k>w. 
:».  S««  I'tRN  I  KSHIP. 
S8  itriM  Ml  Ihne  way*  i  Dy 
ur  ih«  n  '  doliig  irh«t  «  n  Icgnl 
duty,  or  t  nirmct,  m,  ^,.  n.  j. 
ort)Mip«rfomi-  i^  In  an  aipraj^kr 
w  (Ct  which  WM  ciihar  th« 
iM  bit  ctmtnict  to  perfnnn.  3. 
,  «>r  ih«  mquit  fierformance  of  loina 
I  l>r  y  Md  II"  ilgbt,  ot  wbidi  he 
td  noi  lO  do« 
idiM  »  »  dlff«'rti>t  M  t'"  liilury 

WhtTI 

k'    til* 


-t,' 


^ 


)indivM''''«orth< 
dfcct  a  IP     *(•  Hgt 

JihoUgh    KS'tfl     •)(> 

•r«thrt«d«"      trtoi 

mtive,  tui  'f«i 

ktemcni         a.      sc,         y  • 
<ion,  all       ■!■  Renn*       fcr  c 
tu.h  raiiy  u   ^f  u 
nm$irf  pnx  •ftutiogt  btu^ 

J.  Ihr<><€«dinp  iMrpniiii.*. 
tant.or  coti>  <I«(M,«|4  prmtt  dtiu>. 
ica    •■  'hf      ie*.    V^^^*    "  'ha  In- 
tt  to  republic  i     .  conwaa 

id^rm.    no     iitd  th«  par '7  nay  b« 

In. ill t  -r  conviction  f«»  the 

'  or  oflc       ,  and  b]r  civil  Mtiun,  at 
th«  pfiriy    for  iha  private  wrong. 

of  felony,  tha  remedy  bjr  adim) 
le  ini  ry  lit  geiserallv  tnipended, 
ty  pa  ularly  i'^jurcd  haa  nilftlled 
tpul  lyproaeoitiagtheoflender 
c  criit^c ;  and  in  -aaaa  of  felony 
I !.  »rged  in  the  fct.  • ''.« 

ni  y  injuriei  ibr  v,  ich  the  law 
«n>e(i)      In  general,  r   interferes 

Sere  has  l~<j«n  a  viiib.e  p*>> 
L<)      htif         eavea  afanoat  <«       ly 
the  wiiote       ,i  of  he  moat     «lig- 
injori  11  and  suffcnngt,  unleits  in  ^ 
lerr'       a  ^•"*<''>n  U  luppoaes  tont- 

Met       '«*a.)M»;   ] 
-1-  M  ''asl    Pl,Cr, 

'   >4...  imChitir 

hiuy      r.  loi  AjUCl  l-alM).  )^. 


TOMTtk 


paceniary  loaa,  and  amnetimaa  alKnrH*  crnnpan. 
MUion  to  wounilad  faaiing*.  A  parant,  fur 
riampla,  caniiui  «ua  in  (Juu  charattar  for  an 
injury  lnAlctc>l  im  hia  chlirl,  and  whan  hli  own 
•(•Hnetllc  hai)|><iieu  haa  baan  d«alniya<l,  unleM 
iha  fact  will  «u*(ain  (ha  allagadon  that  iha 
lUughtar  waa  the  Mtrvant  »(  her  father,  and 
ili<u  by  raaaun  of  such  taductlun  ha  h*»  Iimi 
rha  beneAi  of  her  aarvlcea.  Again,  a  |Mrty 
itnnol  recover  dama^«a  for  verbal  tiandcr  in 
many  caaaa,  aa,  where  tha  Cicit  p«tbll»ha<]  arc 
irac)  for  the  dafandant  would  juttifv  their 
iitleramce  by  their  Irath,  an<i  the  partv  inluied 
must  fall,  nor  will  the  law  punlih  criminally  the 
4uth>  <r  of  a  verbal  alandcr,  im|>ulii>4(  even  the 
mnai  ,i)fai»ou'  'rimea,  unleea  dune  with  the  in- 
lent  to  eat'  chattel,  money,  or  valeabla 
ihing.  Thr  preaumea  that  a  nuM  la  in- 
cafMble  of  bcutg  alarmed  or  afleded  by  auch 
injiiriea  to  hia  feelingi.^  The  true  and  aufficicnt 
reaions  for  thes«  rules  are,  (he  uncertain  char- 
icttr  uf  the  injury  Inflicted,  the  im|wakibilily 
and  the  danger  tu)ipualn|j  a  (lecuniary  coin;ien- 
turloQ  to  be  atteni|rfrd,  that  injustice  would  lie 
iliiii  under  the  exciiamrtt  .:>f  the  caae,  hence 
tiie  mnd  principle  of  the  Uw,  confirned  by 
eiperieiice,  to  Hict  a  punishment  for  crime ; 
but  not  sell,  thi  igh  the  agency  of  iu  courts, 
Ihuae  wounded  ieellngi  which  would  constitute 
the  grouBde  of  such  actiooa.  See  Libel  { 
.SLANDiia,  below. 

LIBBL  ia  any  inatter,  written  or  prinud, 
and  publiabed,  and  calculated  to  injure  the 


character  of  another  by  bringing  him  into  ridi- 
cule, hatred,  or  contempt.'    Kverythiag  wr 
ir  printed,  which  reflects  upon  Uie  character 


f  another,  and  ia  published  without  lawful 
justificatlmi  or  excuse,  ia  a  libel,  whatever  the 
iiiiention  may  have  been.i  A  tnaliciow  (Icfa- 
matioit,  expreaaed  eiiber  In  printing  or  writing, 
tending  either  to  blacken  the  memory  of  >tie 
who  ia  dead,  or  the  re|>uta(ion  of  one  wh  is 
alive,  an*  rxpoae  him  to  public  hatred, 
ltmp«,  <  M cute,  l»  libel.*  A  censnriou 
rilicuJoiii  ing,  picture,  or  sign  made  with 
a  inalitioK  n    hlevoua  intent  towards  gov- 

ernment, (rates,  or  individuals,  ii  libel.* 

There  is  at  and  well-eettle  i   distinction 

bclw<!«i  vr     al  a    '  wnlten  slander;  and  this 
nut     >1y  in  ref''  to  the  consequences,  as 

ubjiMing  the  y  >n  indictment  bnt  also 

as  t«  the  I     >™<  iKe  accnsali        or  im- 

i^i''    >  •  uU  I.    <*u»(alii  a  civil     ction  to 

•  1.  ..        .ssi  „^»,    T    wrife  and  pnl)    h  mali-. 
ciouslv  anything  of  aiiothi-  'ii)      makes 

hm  rtdi     !o«u,  or  holds  hu  %  a  atshonast 

man,  is         '  to  be   !«cti(    tble,        ptuiishable 

riminali  ■   m        it.j^  tht        'ne    *'>rds 

'  >.  >.*■     1       ri^vctii  the  *Jan- 

.1  ^writing  >rprinai.,  isthemost 


■>7!  a  K  r.t^omi.  >]  ohm.  t 

lit;  s  Bum.  J4e.     «-i  >  'A  Rd 

iSS:  i  Bina.  a<f|;    Uurd.  .  S.  { 


3S*l  9iohm. 

'•  ■  4  Taunt. 


I  iiaaal  mode  or  eonvayini)  ii  The  athibitioii 
<>f  aiiiciure  intlmaongthai:  which  In  nriiii  would 
tw  IiImIIous  Is e<r  tlly  criiHiiial.*  Ililngagal 
low*  at  a  man'»  ,"^,>  nin.  him  In  •(Agy,  or 
axhiliiiiiiy  him  .1  anv  ^iidi  luua  manner,  la 
a  libel.*     The  above  la  a  gt  1  description  of 

libell  a  branch  nf  tha  law  whiwh  ia  one  of  (he 
m<iat  difficult  to  compress  into  a  small  com- 
pas*. 

Anv  ptihiicalion  which  haa  a  tendency  to 
dlsiiirb  1  la   miblic   peace,  or  gnttd   order   of 
society,  u  indictable  aa  a  libel.     This  iiime  is 
committed  l>y  Iha  |niblicalion  of  writings  blas- 
pheming the   Kii|>reme   Being,  ur  turning  the 
doctrines  of  (he  ('hii«(ian   religion    in(u  con- 
(cmul  and  ridicule;   or  tending,  by  (heir  im- 
modesty, to  rorrujit  the  mind,  and  to  destroy 
the  tone  of  <lecency,  morality,  and  gooti  order; 
or  wantonly  to  defame  or  Indecorously  to  ca- 
lumniate the  economy,  order,  and  cunsti(u(ion 
of  (hings  which  make  up  ih'    general  sytiero 
of  (he  law  and  goveitiinent  01     Fie  country;  to 
dzgrade  the  adntinistratiim  ofguvrnmcnt.or  of 
justice;  ortocnuseanimaaitteslMrtvreenourowii 
and  any  foreign  government,  by  |>«nional  abuse 
of  iu  sovereign,  its   amliMiiadoni,  and   other 
pebllc  ministers;  and  by  malicious  defamation, 
eipraaaed  in  printing  or  wiltinij,  or  by  aigns  or 
picturea,  tending  either  to  blacken  (he  memory 
of  one  who  ia  dea<l,  or  the  reputndon  of  one 
who  is  living,  and  thereby  to  exiNnie  him  to 
pobISc  hatred,  contempt,  and   ridicule.     This 
descriptive  cataWue  embraces  all  the  several 
species  of  this  offence  which  aiis  indictable  at 
common   law;    all  of  which   are   indictable 
either  at  common  law  or  by  virtue  of  particulai 
statutes.*    Libels  against  the  memory  of  the 
dead,  which  have  a  tendency  to  create  a  breach 
of  the  I  •  I.  •',  by  Inciting  the  friend*  and  rela- 
Uvea  oi  liie  deceaaed  lu  avenge  the  insult  of 
the  iamily,  render  their  authors  liable  to  indict- 
ment.   The  malicious  intention  of  the  defend- 
ant to  injure  the  family  of  the  deceaiird  muHt  he 
,    ;«ly  avowed  and  clearly  proved.'     If  the 
Btai'         understood  aa  scandalous,  and  is  cal- 
Cm  ,  excite  ridicule  or  abhorrence  against 

ihv  y    y  intended,  it  is  libellous,  however  it 
.irtxw  ^  expressed.*    The  publisher  of  a  libel 
is  liabla  to  be  punished  criminally  l^  indict- 
ment,' or  is  subject  to  a  civil  action  for  dam- 
ages by  the  party  aggrieved.     Both  remedies 
may  be  ptmued  m  the  sani'-  'ime.' 
MALICE.     See  Slandkn     elow. 
NuiSANCS.    See  that  title,  an*e. 
Piracy.    See  Ci;rY»!-::rra;  Patents. 
SLANDER  Is  any  words,  nj  okeii  or  written, 
which  are  injurious  to  the  character       uiother. 
The  ground  of  all  liability  to  an  .<    ion  for 
words  spoken  or  written  consists  in  the  injury 


-ly;  Hob,  ai« ,- CiiStty  Cr.  L.Ut;  « 
•»  Ch'ny  Cr.L.  •«.  n-Sec  a  Uishoy 
•■lb,  4k  a. 


^^tiJiftt^*.!'. 


*  ineta^tit^tta^i 


lo  <lHUrMt*i  nittt  4n  Aclloii  «iMy  h«  mtlnfsliuMi 
In  IIm  fultowuig  CMW I  I  <>  ba  actloMibla  in 
Ui'inMlvM,  th«  wtirti*  when  imly  (|ii>k*n  (m4 
wriit««)  ■>«•(  tia  luch  m  In  lh«lr  plMa  •mi 
■■il  uIm  •««■•  coRvKy  )a  ih«  mlmi*  <^  th* 
kc«xr«  •  ch4r||«  o4  torn*  itS»nc*  '  t  which 
|h«  plalntin  i>  am  rrttil*  to  th«  Uw,  <<  tif  h«v 
Ing  VMM  (ItMwr  which  will  ii«clii(lc  him  from 
wjciaty.  Wm<I«  "hlch  mtc  not  ■clln«i«bl«  in 
ih«mMl*«t  bacutnc  tt*  whci  >h*]r  •««  i^>h«n  o4 
k  pwnon  in  hi*  pmfmiinn.  (jAc«,  or  I  nut*,  mi<I 
n«c«M«nly  or  nalurtdl*  larKl  lo  iiijum  him 
lh«r«in.  Anil  any  wor<M  (lci«i«n«iury  or  Imiirl' 
OM  In  Ihair  nat«r«,  ipokcn  of  aJitiihar,  «ith<>i<i 
ImiI  juii(iik>linii.  U*  icIloniiMc.  if  protluctivr 
Of  •{•reiki  tl«ro«c*  flowing  nitlurklljr  from  tliin 
4er  Th«  l«rm  "libel"  U  nitfititd  lo  wfUttn 
or  prinlvd  tUiMlcr ' 

/M  vrrtal  thntttr,  Actl  nablo  wur<te  ■?«  of 
two  <lcscr)pllnn«  I  ftW.  thiiM  •cti»n«bl«  In 
lk«m««^lve«,  wllhoul  prW  '■A  ipacisl  daningMj 
Mid,  accondty,  lh<vM  actionable  imly  l<<  rea|Mct 
l^tOBM  aclual  cnna«t<)ueniMil  ilamagei. 

Wtrdt  of  lit*  ^"tl  It  ftrif^nm  mmi  imfut»: 

I,  Tha  gtiilt  of  *oma  offenc  *  lor  which  Iha 
parly,  i/(r  illy.  s^ht  ba  indiued  and  punished 
by  Iba  cnniinal  L.>urtsi  M,  to  call  •  par»on  a 
•Mraitor,"  "thief,"  " hlgkwayn^an,"  or  to  tay 
tliat  ha  U  ,  illy  of  "jiarjury,"  "  ferfafy,'' 
•■  mardar,"  anU  lh<>  like.  And  ahlia«^  ihe 
lm)rtitaiinn  of  guilt  b«  general,  without  tlatini; 
Iha  fiartlculan  of  the  pretemled  crime,  it  i 
•ctlmisthlc*  An  action  will  K«  tor  ail  wo.dt 
ipiiken  of  another  which  impute  lo  him  the 
commimion  of  a  crime  involving  muml  turftl- 
tude  and  which  li  punishable  bylaw.' 

a.  That  the  party  ha*  a  di*ea«e  or  dkrtemper 
which  renders  liim  unfit  fcr  tocietv*  An  ac- 
tion can,  Iherefbre,  be  tuMained  l»r  calling  a 
man  a  leper.*  Imputatioiu  of  having  at  th« 
pretent  time  ihe  venereal  dUeate  or  liie  gnnor- 
rhcett  arf  actkmatiie  in  Ihemtclvei.'  But  charg- 
ing .nother  with  having  kttd  a  contagioMi 
diaeate  is  not  attioimble,  aa  he  will  nut  on  that 
account  be  excluded  from  aociety.* 

3.  Unfitnrtit  in  an  ufficar,  who  hold*  an  offir< 
to  which  prolit  or  emolument  ia  attached,  eithi 
in  re»|>ect  of  mornK  or  In  Abtlily  to  discharge  the 
duties  of  tha  office  t  in  such  a  ca>>«'  an  action 
lies.* 

4.  Tha  want  of  iiiteurity  or  capacity,  whether 
mental  or  pecuniary,  in  the  conduct  of  a  pro- 
faation,  trade,  or  butlneu,  in  which  Ihe  party 
is  engaged,  is  actionable;*  as,  to  kccuse  an 
attorney  or  artist  of  inability,  inattention,  or 
want  of  integrii  v,*  or  a  clergvntaii  of  being  a 
drunkard,*  U  actionable.      It  is  one  of  the 

MUud.  Llbal  ft  SUadOT.  «.  «-Cn>k«  Jac.  114,  M* : 
6  Twai.  674!  )  WIU.  M.  >  Vaatr.  •«6i  s  Bo*,  ft  P. 
J3],  v-HMrd,  Ubcl  ft  8.  f  *««  3S«r|.  ft  R.  Pmn. 
■IS :  1  M-  4S>  i  >o  Id.  44  '•■•■  •4'  i  11  John*.  N. 

V.  1*4,  tn;  Starkie,  Sbii  i-^-    W-Bacon  Abr. 

SlamJfr  (B 1).  x^^roka  lac.  144 ;  Bcarkia  Slander,  ij. 
y-t  C.  B.  N.  S.  91  7  Cray,  Ma**.  iSi ;  ti  Bad>.  N.  Y. 

'  •  Ind.  ••;  ■  da.  if.  ■-*  Ttrm.  47),  474;  • 
Burmi«t.  iiBg;  t'aeea  Abr.  $lmtiJrr  (B  ■).  H-i  Balk. 
•9.1 


lliti 


general   nit#«  |WWI»tM  lk«  aiii-n  M  w<ir.|« 
•|)nk««,  ikai  woMl  am  iltiiMiattI*,  when  ipiikf 
uf  .m*  in  an  olll««  of  profit,  which  have  a  naiu 
f*l  tendency  la  oraaatoM  Iha  Iom  of  bk  dl<t, 
•w    when    ipnktn)    (if    jierwin*    lim>h'ng   ihnr 
raa|w«tlve  profaMion*,  trMlee,  and  bu«inca*,  aiul 
wblch  have  a  nataral  tendency  tii  ih«ir  damaa- 
i  ha  gii^njid  of  «'  ticm  in  these  <ca««*  to  that  tiM 
party  ia  dbigraccd  ot  injured  in  hi*  profsetlon 
or  trade,  or  eapuaad  lo  the  haiarrf  nf  loaing  hn 
ofltce.  In  C(m*««|u«iit«  of  ih«  slandrrrm*  w<i«<l< 
n.>t  that  hi*  i^ncral  rtrwiatlon  ami  standing  m 
cjia  (ommunllv  are  aflednl  by  them.     Il  will 
be   tac<illecle(l  that  the  wunb  sfioken,  in  ihu 
claa*  of  caaes,  a^e  not  aciiunabic  1.4  ihcmsclvrv 
but  thai  ih'  *  tiet'utna  •«  in  ronee>iuence  of  lh« 
tpecial  r>.  ,acier  of  the  twrty  01   whom  Ihry 
were  ni<>.»[en.     The  fact  of  his  maintaining  Ihst 
special  tt.«iacteT,  thcrtiore,  Un  at  tha  tsty 
luundalion  ii(  the  aition.* 

0/  iJu  uetmj  tlti$  are  vi>r<{«  which  are 
actionable  only  in  respect  of  sneclal  damsgts 
*u»»  ■lined  b»  th«f  party  tUnderrd.  Thouuh  ihe 
law  will  not  perm't  In  tt.rse  cases  the  inferentc 
ol  (l.<magc,  yet  when  the  d«mag<-  has  actusll| 
l>cen  sustained,  Ihe  party  aggrisvcd  maysup|Kiit 
an  acUcMt  Ibr  tha  publication  of  aa  aniruih,' 
unlesa  tt<e  sMertlon  be  made  for  ih«  aaaenion 
of  a  sappoacd  claim  i*  but  il  lie*  if  maliciouslj^ 
spoken.  In  thk  case  special  daoMge  is  the 
gist  of  the  action,  and  must  b«  pnrticularljr 
speclAcd  In  Ike  declaoillnn.  For  M  M  an  et ul^ 
lisbed  mle  that  noeviiln  <«  shall  be  received 
vX  any  loa*  <>f  injury  which  the  plainiif^T  had 
suatalnarf  by  the  speaking  of  the  wtiftl*,  unlcM 
it  be  specially  staled  in  the  declaration.  And 
thia  rule  *ppli<  equally  whrre  Ihe  special 
damage  i«  ifxi  jji  d  iht  action  and  where  the 
Words  are  in  tlHniitelvea  actionable.* 

Tkt  tkafgw  muil  tt  fmht>  Tha  falsity  of 
the  accusation  is  to  li«  implied  till  Iha  cunirary 
is  shownJ  The  Instance  of  a  master  making 
an  unfavorable  rc|ir(>entailon  of  his  servsnl, 
upon  an  a(>plication  for  his  -  harartcr,  aeems  lo 
b«  an  exception,  In  that  case  there  being  * 
presamption,  from  the  occasion  "f  the  speaking, 
f'l  tl  tha  wt.fda  were  true.' 

Tht  lUndtr  mml,  cf  tourn,  h  fttHiiktd, 
-  hat  is,  coopmanicAted  to  a  third  person,  — 
aiui.  If  vertMit,  then  in  »  langunge  which  be 
understands)  otherwise  the  plaintiff's  reputa- 
tion is  not  impaired.'  A  letter  addressed  to 
Ihe  party,  oonuining  libellous  mallei,  is  not 
sufHcient  to  nainuin  %  civil  action,  though  il 
may  subject  the  libeller  to  an  Indictment,  u 
tuiding  to  a  birMch  of  tha  peace."    The  slander 

e-jWIk.  1I7;  s  W.  Blaekst.  750.  tf-t  BInn.  Ptiis. 
1^.  e-HeaidlJbclft  S  H4t,4S.  f.i  Uv.  sj;  1  Sid. 
To.loi  J  Wood,  sio;  *  Leon.  ill.  (  (  <imyn*  Dig. 
X^iIni  i^wb  tht  Om /»r lMmmiUii»(\>  »^);  B»oii 


Abr.  SUmtUr  (B).    k-Hcsrd  Ubd  ft  S  f  ji  I 

1;  I  Bannd.  «4]i  Bacun  Abr  i/*«r<A 
"  ~         1 ;    Stsrhl*  slsndir. 


RoUa  Abr.  lA;  1  Sannd.  «4]i  Bacun  Abr  SsaoJtr (Q); 
%  Tera.  i}d:  •  Eai>  i;  Stsrhl*  Mandtr,  '.;.  l-ji 
Coke,  1*1,  laii  Hob.  'm.  %■*  F-  4>e  SsuikI 
■4e.  k-i  Term,  in:  3 '*•!*.«  P  y,,  Bi  -Slaml. 
4«,  «n.  **3-     l-«   Roll*   '•^-  74:  fcrak*  I17;  I 

Ssund.  tss,  B.  s :  Bacoa  Abr.  Slmtukr  \  j).  m-» 
Blaekst.  CoBUB.  lojl;  i  "Vnm.  iioj  i  SaUBii.  tj*,  a.  si 
■  Ksp.  «s|i  4  Id.  it7{  a  Saat.  )6>. 


aMHliillMiiiH 


HRiritlM.a 


ilMv,  «h«n  «|ifiiii  ' 

t  0tMMa«i  lh«  !■■•  ol  hia  tiMo, 
ki>n  nf  (MrMiiM  iimihing  thru 
■MkMM,  Uxl**,  ind  »Mt-in«««,  tixl 
lutlariti  itiMkncy  tii  ihnr  4aaia««. 
*<^>on  In  Ihn*  caam  !■  thiU  llM 


i:«<t  tif  Ininrcii  in  hi*  profawtiw 
ipuMd  lo  ttir  hsiarrf  nf  ItMlng  hit 
tijiuiitif  lit  ih«  ilanilrrou*  wchiI* 
fncnil  rtp«i«U«>fl  ami  nUniilng  m 
*  are  anAtir.)  by  (tMm.  ll  wilt 
I  (W  th«  wtinta  »tmk«n,  til  thu 

airt  not  acliunatilc  ivf  ihcmaaUn, 
li4N-u«n«  ai)  In  nmavriuanct  at  i>m 
:tar  of  ib«  yuiy  of  whcxn  ih«y 

Ttta  fact  of  hla  Malniaininn  (h*i 
rtcr,  Uicrcfora,  U<>*  •!  llM  vtty 
lh«  aiii.-n.* 

dmV  f4aii  af«  v.tril*  which  art 
ijr  In  r«»f<«ctuf  tMclal  damani 
he  iMirty  il«nf!crF().  TKouuh  ih« 
wrm't  tn  (Kri*  ca««a  th«  inwrtnit 
n  whan  lh«  damagi-  haa  actually 
I,  Iha  parly  af|t>)aveil  may tup|Mirt 

th«  pwltlication  of  an  vniruih/ 
wrilon  (m  matla  for  ih«  aaaannw 

claim  ;*  but  ll  li««  If  malicioutly 
Ihia  caaa  apccial  damage  la  Iha 
iclinn,  and  muat  b«  partlcalarly 
«  decla^llnn.  For  H  M  aii  talab- 
at  no  evidr  >  ,  e  ahall  b«  rac«iv«<l 
f  injury  which  lh«  plalnlifT  had 
;he  apeaking  of  th«  w><rd*,  unlcu 
F  aiaie>l  in  the  dcclaraiiun.  And 
ill)  eqtaitlly  whcra  ih«  apaclal 
I  iji  i>f  ili>  action  and  where  Um 
ih«ni»elvea  actinnabi«> 
r  mtut  t*  fntst}  Ths  Maity  of 
I  ia  to  b«  Impiied  till  th«  cuuitary 
li«  Inntance  of  a  maatcr  making 
l«  rtfirocntaiion  of  hia  atrvani, 
cation  for  hift  •  haractar,  a««n»  U 
ion,  111  that  caae  thera  being  a 
from  the  occasion  nf  th«  apcaking, 
I  wer«  true* 

•r  mutt,  cf  toum,  t*  ftUHtittI, 
Vmunicaled  to  a  lliird  peraon,— 
I,  then  in  »  tangun|;«  which  h< 

othtrwia*  th«  plainiifT'a  reputa- 
npaireU.'  A  letter  addrcaaed  to 
ntalning  lilwlloaa  matter,  ia  not 
naintain  a  civil  action,  though  it 
the  libeller  to  an  indiclmeni,  m 
(Mch  of  tha  peace."    The  aiandcr 

I  W.  Blaekat.  iw.  4'>  Btnn.  Ptim. 
JInI*S.  H4i,4S.  f.i  Uv  <S3;  t^lil. 
I,  •to;    ■  Laoii.   III.    C  (  omyna  I)(|. 

BrTl.H.«rd  UM  *  S  fix ;  Mti 
I  Bavmi.  t4]i  Baooo  Abt,  .S?a<r</«r  (C); 
I  Eai>    i:   Suirhl*  Sludir,     s?.    i-i 

Hob.    J53.    J.«  F-»       4.6  Sauna. 

I.  Ill ;  3  »lo«.  •  P  jr.  Si  iSUnd. 
1-t  Rgllt  <tbr.  74;  Craln  .  H?!  ' 
3:    Batoa  Ahr.  Slatukr  '       1).    m-* 

iD9t ;  I  Tnrm,  no;  t  Sauna,  lyi,  a.  t; 
t.  ii}i  a  Jiaac  361. 


TORT«. 


<n<v*  \»  piitilUh«<l  raafieetlng  the  plaintiff'.  A 
m'lhar  canmn  mainlaiu  an  aellon  fur  calling 
li'T  itaaghiaf  a  haalard*  In  ari  aiiiim  for 
.l.i..l«r,  whalhar  oral  i*  wtlllan,  it  will  Afford 
K'l  |uatlA<  atl<m  that  lh«  dafamalorv  maiur  ha* 
b««n  pravlcxMly  pyliluhatt  Iry  a  third  iwrMHi, 
that  Iha  dar«ni1>ni  al  th«  lima  of  Aw  |Hil>IUaiuin 
.liuluacd  Iha  name  of  that  third  |wr*<in  ami 
htliavad  all  tlia  iiaiamania  lu  b«  Iriia  >  And  a 
r<|i«lillnn  of  nral  dander  already  in  circulation, 
•  ilh<Mit  eapraadiig  any  diaballaf  of  It.  or  an* 
purpiaa  ui  in<|uirlng  aa  to  ita  truth,  though 
wiihual  any  d««lgn  to  eatand  lu  clrculatloti  or 
cratlk.  or  to  cau««  th«  peraon  to  whom  u  la 
aildraaaed  to  tiallrva  or  auapeci  it  to  b«  true,  la 
aclliNiable.a 

Th*  wrdt  mmil  kt  mlltrHlwUhma  htmt  tta 
tUm,  to  render  them  actionable.  On  a<Mne 
(Kcauona  It  ia  (utilAaMa  to  uiier  alander  of 
mother  I  Im  othara  it  ia  aituMble,  piovided  it 
ba  uilered  without  expreai.  malice.'  It  ia  juali- 
fiihle  for  an  alti>rii«>y  to  it<>«  u:*mlalou«  ca|irea- 
iliina  In  avpfwrt  of  hia  cUnnt'a  cauie  and  (wrti- 
n»nt  thereto.*  Member*  .ff  Congreaa  and  other 
lugirlatlve  aaa«mlili««  cannot  be  called  to  account 
f<ir  anything  aaid  in  del<ai«. 

M»He*  it  tutntimt  to  the  «*ipi»rt  sf  an  action 
I ir  ilandaroua  worda.  But  malice  la,  in  geni-ral, 
lo  be  preaunMNi  until  the  contrary  bo  proved,* 
ricapt  in  Ihoae  cuaaa  where  the  occaaion  /ri>M 
ftitit  eacuaea  the  publicalion.* 

BLANDER  OP  TITLB,  or  matemenla 
ten<ling  to  cut  down  the  extent  of  litit,  if 
milicioaa,  injurioua.  and  falae,  la  actionable. 
The  malice  need  not  be  In  Ita  worae  asnte,  but 
with  intent  lo  injure  lh«  ptaintifl'.  If  the  atate. 
m«ni  be  true,  if  there  ia  really  the  InArmily  m 
the  title  thai  ia  eugraate*!,  no  action  wil'  lie,  no 
mattdf  however  nullcioua  the  defendam'a  inten- 
tion maj  haira  bean.* 

TRBIPASt  la  any  mlafeaaanca  or  act  of 
one  penon  whereby  another  ia  inj  ion«ly 
treated  or  damnlAed.*  Any  unU-vfwl  act  com- 
mitted with  violence,  actoal  or  implied,  to  the 
l^rwn,  proMTty,  or  rights  of  another.  Any 
unauthodiad  entry  apon  ili  really  of  another 
lo  the  damage  thereof. 

Upon  Pikmnal  Pbopibtv. 

An  action  Ilea  for  injuries  to  peraonal  prop- 
erty, whkh  may  be  committed  by  the  aeviral 
icU  of  unlawfully  striking,  choaing  if  alive, 
and  canying  away  to  tha  damage  of  the  plain- 


•  iiSart.  ft  H   r         }43 

'J?'  '^v  %"<  ''^y      '•»••  3- 
IU4):  Rolb  .Vbt.  i,-  ,  Via 


»-H«ard  nbal  »  S.  N 
r-Bacon  Abr.  JSfawfrr 


.VIh,  .',.  I  vfaarAbr.  sf>'    •iMaula 
ft  Aid.  «:,*i  M*  t 
.,-,;  •  Blan   fimn.    ,    .  _ 
ir.  1%.     «-4    Rwiww.    ft    C.   a47V 


*  ^  •!»L  •  ""*«•  i3'«  I    I  Biu^w"ik 
-xf  ft  K.  Pana 

Surkto 


ki  HMt.  Ml  I    I  BariMw.  ft  Aid 
,  Paaa.  4!*;  1  Blan   Pmn.  i;«; 


.'  Vt.  sj«t 
I 


.Siund.  M«,  n.  • ;  1  t«f«n    in' j44;"i  EMI.'jftirVld' 


?F  •i^A"i'^S^*-*i'*'"  «•;  RiaiidaSlaad. 
wi     l^aaard  Uh.1k  8-JN'S|iN.  «*  -t.     W-i  H. 


IMP,*  or  by  defactnf ,  eompilng,  or  olherwU* 
Injuring,  allhai  b*  dlr».  t  or  ramole  m*«ti«,  a 
|wr»onal  rhallat,  of  whli  h  an<i(her  la  Oi«  owner, 
and  In  p<M<«Ml»ii,'  and  (»r  Ihe  rtmoval  or  In- 
jury of  inanimala  |>»rw>ii«|  |>rii|Mriy,*  of  «hlck 
an»i4h«r  ha*  iha  |>oM«Mion,  actual  or  cHMruc- 
liv»,«  wIllKrut  Ihe  ownar'a  a«i»nt,  A  naked 
IkKtwuion  or  right  to  lnim«dl«ia  powiMaloii  la 
aufliclent  lo  (UiifMiit  an  action.* 

Urtm  KaAL  radpurv. 

An  action  lies  f,„  |»i|»i,|m  to  realty  (itfiae 
<|u»nt  upon  entering  wlihout  right  U|i<in  anoihef 
in«n"*  land  The  encbiatira  may  lie  imif  ly  Im- 
aginary,*  but  reachea  to  tha  *ky  and  to  the  cen- 
tra of  Ihe  earth.*  The  plainilir  must  be  In 
prwscMion  with  aume  lllle.*  though  mere  title  la 
aulKcicMi  where  no  one  ia  in  poaaeaaion,'  aa  in 
the  caae  of  an  owner  lo  the  centre  of  a  higli- 
way,a  und  mere  poeaeaalon  la  aufficlent  againat 
a  wrong  doer.*  an<l  ihe  pouc*»lon  may  be  Ijy 
an  ag«nt<  but  not  by  a  ter>anil  other  than  a  ten- 
ant at  will.' 

An  acii<m  will  not  lie  unteaa  aome  liamnge  la 
committed)  but  alight  damage  only  ia  re- 
quired. .Some  damage  muat  have  liecn  done 
lo  auataln  the  action,-  though  It  may  have  been 
vera  alight  1  *■  Iwr.kinj.  glsM.*  An  acti.m 
will  not  He  where  the  defendant  haa  a  juaiifica- 
tion  aufficient  to  eacuae  the  act  committed, 
though  ha  acted  without  authority  from  the 
owner  or  the  peraon  aflccte«l,*  and  accld.  Mt 
may  In  aoma  caaea  eacuae  a  trea|)aaa.» 

Tha  gut  of  an  action  for  trcapaaa  Is  the  In- 
jury done  lo  the  plainlifr's  fonttirim.  To  con- 
atituta  treaiMua  there  muat  lie  a  diaturbancc  of 
the  plaintill  i  |M>Hcaaion.a  Where  no  one  ia  in 
pocaesaion  (iho  land  being  vacant  and  unculti- 
vated) the  party  having  the  title  or  right  of 
poaaeaaion  may  maintain  Ireapaaa.'  It  ia  aet- 
tied  that  the  owner  of  wild  and  uncultivated 
land  ia  to  be  deemed  in  poaaeaaion  ao  aa  to 
maintain  treapaaa,  until  an  advene  imaaeaaion 
la  clearly  made  out.'  Therefore,  the  c 'ainllff 
muat  allege  and  prove  t 

i.  That  the  property  waa  in  hia  poaaeaaion  at 
the  time  of  the  injury,  and  this  rightfully  aa 
againat  the  defendant }  and, 

a.  That  the  Injury  waa  committed  by  the  d«. 
fendant  with  force.  The  law  always  couples 
Ihe  Idea  of  force  with  that  of  Intruaion  upon 
the  [.»   petty  of  another.* 


ftK.*)i:  II  Ma*4.  ro;   iiVi.  «ii 
Vt.  i«5.    «-j  Bl.  CoiniB.  «C9 ;    I  IV» 


I  lied.  163;   10 

John*.  jIt.     0-5  EaM.  4I1 ;    o  |ohn.  ».  ,    n  Id  140, 
"  M( 


TORTS. 


H«iimtig*t  Pountion,  ThitpeiiMJtM  of  tlw 
pUintiff  m«y  be  actual  or  constructive.  And 
Kit  ctiutnutivt  when  the  property  ii  either  in 
the  actual  ouatody  and  occupation  of  no  one, 
bat  rightAiUy  belongs  to  the  plaintiff.  A  ten- 
ant at  will  and  one  entitled  to  the  mere  profiu 
of  the  soil,  with  the  right  of  cultwet  may  also 
•ae  and  recover  for  an  injury  to  the  er\ble- 
ments  to  which  be  ia  entitled,*  A  k«i.eral 
owner  has  also  a  coaalructive  poasesdon  as 
afdnst  his  tenant,  who  having  a  special  prop- 
erty, baa  violated  his  trust  by  injuring  or  de- 
str«>yiiig  that  which  was  confided  to  him.  Thus, 
if  a  tenant  at  will  cuu  down  trees,  tke  interest 
of  the  wrong-doer  is  thereby  determined,  and 
the  possession,  by  legal  intem^ment,  immedi- 
ately reverts  to  the  owner  or  co-tenant,  and 
proof  of  the  wrongful  act  will  mainUia  the  alle- 
gation that  the  thing  injured  was  in  his  posses' 
sion.*  So,  if  one  enters  upon  land,  and  cuts 
(imber  upon  a  parol  agreement  fo*  (he  purchase 
of  the  land,  which  he  afterwards  repudiates  as 
void  under  the  statute  of  frauds,  hi*  right  of 
possession  also  is  avoided  a^  initit,  and  is  held 
to  have  remained  ia  Ike  owner,  who  may  main- 
tain trespass  for  eutting  die  trees."  And  gen- 
erally, where  a  right  of  entry,  or  other  right  of 
possession,  i>  givm  hy  law,  and  it  is  afterwards 
abased  by  any  act  of  unlawful  force,  the  partjr 
is  a  tr«»passer  ah  initio,* 

Bnt  wtu-n  the  general  owner  baa  conveyed 
to  another  the  exdusive  right  of  preaent  poues- 
sion  and  enjoyment^  retairitag  to  hiaiMtlf  onlv 
a  revereioaaiiy  interest,  the  powHesiMi  It  that  of 
the  lessee,  who  alone  can  maintain  an  action 
of  trapasa  fur  a  forcible  injurf  to  Ae  property. 
Thai,  a  tenant  finr  vaars  may  have  on  action 
of  traspass  for  cutting  dowa  trees.'  And  a 
tMant  at  wiH,  for  throwing  down  fence* 
ereol(Ml  by  himself,  uid  dentr^g  the  grass.* 
The  latMT  or  general  owner  iwver  being  per- 
mitted to  maintain  this  action  lor  an  injury  donri 
ta  the  pcoper^  while  it  (a  in  the  poM^mioB  of 
a  lessee  entitled  to  its  exclusHra  enioynent* 

Where  the  ta^ect  of  tint  action  is  a  partitSmt 
fmti  betwKca  the  kads  of  Vn<t  adj<^ing 
prt^etors,  it  it  preaamed  to  be  ^le  oommos 
pifneity  of  both,  iMteu  the  conUwy  is  sbown.^ 
if  tt  is  proveci  to  ha«e  been  originally  built 
npoat  the  huid  of  one  af  them,  it  'a  hit;  bat  if 
it  were  built  equsdly  opon  the  iand  of  betht 
though  at  iheir  joint  expense,  each  is  the  owner 
ia  teveralty  of  the  p«rt  standing  on  his  own 
land  }•  if  the  boundwy  i»  »  h^gt  aaid  «n^  ditth^ 
it  is  preamted  to  belong  te  Urn  on  whsae  side 
the  hedge  is;  it  bein^  presumed  that  b«w}to 
dttg  the  ditch  threw  the  earth  upon  bit  own 


»Ce.  Uti,  4  » .•  $  »»'»•  '••4  ••  *  *»♦•  «o«i  1  M. 
»;  ojotes.  n*;  5  Bhif-  »8si  »C«»'«n,K!  yCoth. 
Syj  stM-iti:  10W.99.10}:  •M.MJJ  J1I««.ij:  n 
I*,  14&  »«>;   37  M«.  14 :   W.  5»  ;  J*  SS?!,  5  »«• 


'^  Irii'ClU^.  49»'!    ■  >«._»  S.  4»._  »3GW«1.  « 
»-ijMas.  ~ 


_.^ i.>uriM.  4«l^   Vli?*^'^ 

•  /  Id.  •*».,   •■»  TiaMv  wi.    A-j  Tmw».  138, 


land,  which  alone  was  lawful  for  him  to  do, 
and  that  the  hedge  was  planted  as  is  usual  on 
Ihe  top  of  the  liank  thus  rained ,«  but  if  there  is 
a  diuk  on  eatk  sid*  of  the  hedge,  or  no  ditch 
at  all,  the  hedge  is  presumed  to  be  the  common 
property  of  both  proprietors.*  If  a  tre*  grows 
so  near  the  boundary  line,  that  the  roots  extend 
into  the  soil  of  each  proprietor,  yet  the  property 
in  the  tree  belongs  to  the  owner  of  the  land  in 
which  the  tree  was  originally  sown  or  planted.' 
But  if  the  tree  stands  directly  upon  the  line  be- 
tween adioiniflg  owners,  so  that  the  line  passes 
through  It,  it  is  the  common  property  of  b9th, 
whether  it  be  marked  aa  a  boundary  or  no! ; 
and  trespass  will  lie  if  one  caU  it  down  with- 
out the  consent  of  the  other.* 

Proof  of  an  actual  and  exalusive  poutuion 
by  the  plaintiff,  even  though  it  be  by  wrong,  is 
sufficient  to  support  an  actiim  agninstamere 
stranger  or  wrong-doer,  who  hat  neither  title 
to  the  posseuion  in  himielf,  nor  authority  from 
the  legal  owner.^ 

Injury  t».    Tm  ]daintiff  most,  in  the 

next  place,  prove  tV^  the  injury  was  eopimitted 
by  the  dthndtrnt^  with  force.  And  the  de- 
fendant will  be  chargeable,  if  it  appear  that  the 
act  was  done  by  hia  direction  or  command,  or 
by  his  servant  in  the  coniM  of  hit  master's 
business,  or  while  executing  hit  ordert  with 
ordinary  care ;  or  if  h  be  done  by  hit  domestic 
or  reclaimed  animals.'  The  law  of  this  State 
OS  to  enclotaret  OMdcea  the  narty  having  a  fence 
insufficient  in  law,  guilty  of  negligence,  and  he 
cannot  recover  for  hsjurict  done  hit  amp*  by 
ttock  running  at  large  and  roaming  upon  hit 
land  throuf^  tctck  faitufficient  fence,  Bor  can 
tuch  a  potty  recover  even  if  the  owner  of  the 
ttock  wat  himself  cistrgeaUe  with  ntgligeno;, 
unleti  it  amoants  to  a  wilful,  wanton  or  mali- 
c:out  want  of  care^  The  ob'eet  of  the  law 
sregulaling  fmc«>  is  not  to  p(it«««  a  waaton 
tretnott,  nor  a  ttwpasa  with  infant  to  injure.^ 
It  will  not  be  necessary  for  the  plaintiff  to  peove 
that  the  «et  wot  done  with  -^.ny  wrwefrii'vUmt; 
it  being  sufficient  if  ¥-  wot  douse  wisSout  a  Jotti- 
jahje  c«uM  or  purpMe^  llwagh  it  wora  done 
acddcntally,  or  by  mistake.^  And  tlwagh  the 
original  Gstnr  or  act  of  posaestion  w«re  by 
aurhority  of  law,  yet  if  a  wbteqwsal  ad  of 
force  be  UBlawfi^^omaitted,  aaeh  «t  would 
h*v«  wodfr  the  piLrty  a  t^^wpotter  if  no  acdiority 
or  right  eassls^,  h«  It  a  trwpataar  at  Mii0.» 
Kor  u  it  neceataiT,  in  order  to  enjd>le  a  party 
to  recover  for  injariet  done  to  h£t  piropivty, 
cfiOMd  by  tha  nqr%it»ica  of  othen,  A«t  he 
thooSd  be  centirefy  S««  fj«p»  «M  i>erilgeBcc 
himself;   bat  if  kit  iia«£*!geiu«  it  tUgkt,  and 


«44!    sli-J!» 
J  afct.  ew 
M*>4S« 


),  wmI  kcm 


ff^^;* 


i4>tai.  Wj   v«  &W.  Wi  *^-  «" '  ^ 

n.  ftt  «ts  sjKjt  4«i  « t«i.  Kj.  SI.J  'gM- 


:,^*.iuM«%t*S'.KijSii'S!' 


#• 


M  lawrul  for  him  to  do, 
rat  planted  aa  i«  usual  on 
huR  raised,*  but  if  there  is 
>f  the  hedge,  or  no  ditch 
eiumed  to  oa  the  common 
prietora.*  If  •  tre*  grows 
line,  that  the  roots  extend 
iroprietor,  yet  the  property 
)  the  owner  of  the  land  in 
rieinally  town  or  planted.' 
I  directly  upon  the  line  be- 
en, so  that  the  line  passoa 
common  uropcrty  of  b9th, 
ed  aa  a  boundary  or  not ; 
if  one  oota  it  down  with- 
le  other.> 

1  and  exelusive  pMSiuum 

though  it  be  by  wrong,  i* 

an  actiim  ■gAinit  a  mere 

o«r,  who  haa  neither  title 

liinriclf,  nor  authority  from 

rite  plaintiflT  mnat,  in  the 
t  the  injury  was  coinmitted 
iritk  force.  And  the  de- 
{cable,  if  ii  spp^r  that  the 

direction  or  command,  or 
ke  course  of  hia  master's 
txeouting  his  orders  with 
it  be  done  by  his  domestic 
«.■  The  law  of  this  State 
es  Ae  MTty  having  a  fence 
iiiity  of  negligence,  and  he 
injuries  done  his  crepe  by 
■ge  Mid  lOMoing  up<m  hii 
hisiifficient  fcnoe,  Bor  can 
r  even  if  the  owner  of  the 
hiutge«ble  with  negligence, 
I  a  wilfvtl,  wanton  or  awli- 
I  The  «>b'«cl  bf  the  law 
;  not  to  pi-4e«t  »  wanton 
MSB  with  intent  to  injure.^ 
nry  for  tb&  plAintiff  to  peove 

with  T,ny  wrtmfidvUmt ; 
K  was  dcwte  witMnt  e  jnsti- 
MM,  thoogh  it  weie  done 
niatakc.^  And  thevgli  (he 
ct  of  poMcasion  were  by 
It  if  a  s«faeeqn«nt  ad  of 
coaupfiktcd,  aach  m  would 

» trespasser  if  no  a»d»rity 
it  a  tntspwMer  «i  Imiti*:!^ 
in  order  to  enable  e  party 
ies  done  to  his  propnty, 
^esce  of  others,  mt  he 

jhM)  fjeni  «H  nediieeBcc 
I  ijte£*!geiu4  it  sU|pt,  and 


C-n<  K.  If.  4J4<    '  kn- EMI. 
•  4T»njit.  Mf;   aWitifcite; 

.  Mii  f    Ii  Id,  •»»:    J4.  fBPS    «> 

m,>*sy;  i)m»,  ws-ce* 


TORTS, 


&»l 


that  of  the  other  party  (t  gross,  or  If  h't  is  re- 
mote, '.nd  that  of  the  other  i«  the  proximate 
cause  of  the  injury,  he  may  recover.*  It  is  a 
question  of  fact  for  the  jury  to  determine, 
whether  there  has  been  negligence,  and  its 
nature  and  degree ;  but  it  is  a  question  of  law, 
fur  the  court  to  determine,  what  degree  of  care 
snd  dUig»inceontlie  one  side,  and  of  negligence 
on  the  other,  will  entitle  the  plaintiff  to  re- 
cover.* The  allegation  of  the  timt  when  the 
trespass  was  committed  is  not  ordinarily  mate- 
rial to  be  proved;  the  plaintiff  being  at  liberty 


#• 


to  prove  a  trespass  at  any  Ume  before  the  com' 
mencement  of  the  action,  whether  before  jr 
after  the  day  laid  in  the  complaint 

Dtftncit.    In  the  defence  of  this  action,  the 
general  issue  is  not  guilty ;  under  which  the 
defendant  may  give  cvidei.ce  of  any  facts  tend- 
ing to  disprove  either  of  the  propositions  which, 
as  we  hava  seen,  the  plnintiff  is  obliged  to 
make  out  in  order  to  maintain  his  action.    And 
anv  inatters  which  go  to  show  that  he  never 
did  the  acts  complained  of  may  be  given  in 
evidence  under  the  general  isswe.     He  may 
show  under  this  issue  that  the  freehold  and 
immediate  right  of  possession  is,  in  himself, 
or  in  one  under  whom  he  claims  title  j   thus 
du' roving  the  plaintiff's  allegation  that   the 
right  of  possession  is  in  h:m.»    But  if  be  acted 
by  license    even  from  the    plaintiff,  without 
claiming  Utle  in  himself;*  or  if  he  would  ju». 
tify  under  a  custom  to  enter,'  or  under  a  right 
of  wajr;*  or  if  the  injury  was  occasioned  by  tSe 
plaintiff's  own  negligence,  or  was  done  by  the 
defendant  from  any  other  cons*,  short  or  any 
of  such  extraneous  force  as  deprived  him  of  all 
agency  in  the  act,  it  cannot  be  shown  under 
this  issue,  but  must  be  specially  pleaded.*    So, 
also,  matters  in  dUcharr*  of  the  -.ction;  b'lt 
matters  in  mitigation  of  the  \fvy^<  and  dam- 
ages which  cannot  be  so  pleaded,  may  be  given 
in  evidence  under  the  general  issue."     The 
general  rule  is,  that  all  matters  which  confess 
and  avoid,  whether  allegeil  by  the  plaintiff  or 
defendant,  must  be  specially  pleaded,  otherwise 
the  proof  of  them  i&  not  admusible.v 

In  some  cases,  tiiesptos  is  itti.tifiable,  or,  in 
other  words,  entry  on  another'^i.  land  or  house 
IS  not  accounted  trespass;  as  if  a  man  comes  to 
demand  Or  pay  money  there  payable,  or  to 
execute  in  a  legal  manner  the  process  of  the 
law.  So,  entering  into  an  inn  or  public  house 
without  first  asking  tbe  owner's  leave,  because 
when  a  man  professes  to  keep  an  inn,  or  ptiblic 
house,  he  thereby  gives  a  general  license  to  any 
person  16  enter  his  doop.*  In  Uke  manner  the 
law  warrants  the  htrnting  of  ravenons  beairts  of 
prey,  because  Ike  destroying  cf  such  creatures 
i«  said  to  be  profitable  to  the  public."  But  he 
cannot  jnstifylnreaking  the  foil  and  digging  him 

^^.% 

■      X-x 


out  of  tike  earth  J  ifbr  though  the  l»w  warrintit 
the  hunting  of  such  noxious  animals  for  tht 
public  goo-J,  yet  it  must  be  done  in  the  ordi- 
nary  and  usual  manner.i  But  in  cases  where  s 
man  misdemeans  htmselt  aud  makeu  ill  use  of 
the  authority  with  which  the  law  intrusts  him. 
he  is  a  trespssser  <t4  inUio*  If  a  defendant 
justifies  the  destruction  of  the  plaintiff's  prop- 
erty, by  the  deftnt*  of  his  muH,  he  must  aver 
and  prove  that  he  could  not  otherwise  picserve 
his  own  property.*  If,  however,  the  plaintiff's 
dog  were  killed  iSn  the  act  of  puwuing  th(j  de- 
fcndanfs  deer  in  his  mik,  or  rnbbits  in  hi. 
warren,  or  poultry  within  bis  own  grounds, 
or  worryinjf  or  injuring  sheep,  this  will  jub- 
fiiy  the  killing  without  any  higher  necessity.*' 
If  the  issue  is  upon  a  right  to  dig  and  lakt 
gravff  or  o».ii«r  material  lor  necessary  repairs, 
Ihf  ik-iendant  must  dicge  and  prove  that  the 
repairs  were  necessaty,  and  that  the  materials 
were  used  or  in  the  process  of  being  used  for 
that  purpose.' 

If  the  defendant  succeeds  in  establishing  a 
title  to  that  part  of  the  premises  on  which  the 
tiespass  was  committed,  he  ist  entitled  to  re- 
cover, though  he  does  not  prove  a  title  to  the 
whole  jprem<!><es.* 

VEXATIOUS   SUITS,  which  art   in 
stitut<sd  mahtiously,  without  probable  cause 
whereby  damage  has  resulted  1o  the  defendant 
whether  they  are  criminal  prosecuticas  befop 
a  magistrate  or  civil  actions,  are  another  das 
of  torts  or  wrongs.    Such  a  suit  need  not  bi 
altogether  without  foundation ;  if  the  part  whici  i 
IS  groundless  has  subjected  the  party  to  an  in 
convenience  to  which  be  would  not  have  been 
exiiosed  had    the   valid   cause  of  complaiT>t 
alone  have  been  insisted  on,  it  is  injurious.*    To 
make  it  vexatious  the  suit  mutt  have  been  in- 
slituted  maliciously,  «s  malivc  in  any  case  of 
injurious  conduct  necessarily  to  be  inferred 
froij  the  total  absence  of  probable  cause  for 
exciting  it,  and  in  the  present  instance  the  law 
will  not  allow  it  to  be  so  inferred  from  that  dr- 
cumstance,  for  fear  of  being  mistaken:  it  ca^ts 
upon  the  fsuffeiing  party  the  burden  of^proviiie 
express  malice.'   It  is  necessary  that  the  prose- 
cution should  have  been  carried  on  without 
probable  cause;  the  law  presume  that  prob- 
able cauie  existed  until  the  party  aggrieved 
can  show  th:  contrarv,  hcnco  he  is  bound  tc 
show  the  total  absence  of  probable  cause  ;S  he  is 
also  under  the  same  obligatHm  when  the  originni 
proceeding  was  a  fcivil  action.^    The  damage 
which  the  party  injured  sustains  firom  a  vexa- 
tious suit  for  a  crime,  as  either  to  his  person, 
his  reputation,  his  estate,  or  his  ndative  rights : 
I.  Whenever  imprisonment  b  occasioned  by  n 
malicious,  unfounded  criminal  prosecution,  the 
injury  is  complete,  although  the  detention  may 
iSand.  <«:   hBmlsM;    tC»Bip.4i.    b-3L«v.  «8: 
Cie.  Jae- js. ;    •  Csjjp.  « ;    ii  Cast.  s6»,  560.    •-«  T. 

?'5/ni  ^-  '♦=  i  ^iF-  C.  tio!  4 S.  %  R.  I,:  «.    f 


l'»^ 


.-_-„..  i»g:   t ,.,.   

-  ~  -..  C.  C.  aio ;   a  IhrowM  Am.  4*,  49 :   Addia 


m- 


«4« 


TORTS— USAGE— WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES. 


have  be«n  momentary,  and  the  party  released 
on  bail.*  2.  When  the  bill  of  Indictment  con- 
tain* icandalous  jwper»ion«  likely  to  impair  the 
reputation  of  ttiC  acciued,  the  damage  it  com- 
pleted 3.  Notwithslanding  his  person  is  left  nt 
liberty,  and  his  character  is  unstnined  by  the 
proceedings  (as  when  the  indictment  is  (oi 
trespass)  •/  yet  if  he  necessarily  incurs  expense 
in  defending  himself  againet  the  charpe,  he  ims 
a  right  to  have  hii  iosset  made  good.'  It  a 
master  loses  the  services  and  assistance  of  his 
domestics  in  consequence  of  a  venaiiout  auit, 
he  may  claim  a  compensation." 

Concernhig  the  damage  resulting  from  a  civil 
action,  when  pri»eeoted  in  a  court  of  competent 
jurisdiction,  the  only  detiiment  a  party  can  sus- 
tain is  the  imprisoisment  of  his  ;)cr8on,  or  the 
seiiurfl  of  his  property ;  as  to  any  expense  he 
may  be  put  to,  the  law  contemplates  that  the 
costs  adjudged  fully  compensate  him.*  It 
Would  be  otherwise  if  Ch-i  snii  were  brought  In 
an  improper  court,  and  imprisonment  of  the 
person  or  seizure  of  one's  property  is  made.* 

Tatal  TIjmmt.  S«*  :..«ini*iica 
Vn>a.-.finm»Um.  S«<i  FArvm. 
trmmMtar,,  3«e  Acrs. 

¥ran«lMi«»«>  Se9Cj>i>v»iGim;  Evimmca, 
T]nuMp«8ri»«<«a.   See  Bailmsnts,  "CoaMMa 
Canton,"  tc. 
Trmmmmt^  S«e  CaimiiA):.  Law. 
Vrm9»m.  S«e  To«j». 
mtMsTlrett.  Sea Coi»kji«atiow». 
VmWlrMk'  SeeAosNCVi  AaasTKATOikS. 
VmMwlmmm.  ^et  ConvaVAiicas,  "  Louct." 
Vsitat«llilirlM«.    Sm    CoKraAcrs;    Cohv*t- 

*'««•««»«  Mtn*.  3ee  UvmcAj.  Law,  "Id- 
saoity." 
miASK.  See CoirmAcrrB," Custom,"  "Usage." 
Usage  of  trade  does  not  reauire  to  be  im- 
memonal  to  become  established;  if  it  be 
known,  certain,  uniform,  reasonable,  and  not 
contrary  to  law,  it  is  sufficient.  But  evidence 
that  a  thing  has  been  done  in  few  instances 
does  not  esUblish  usage.'  The  usages  of  trade 
afford  ground  upon  which  a  proper  construction 
may  be  given  to  contracts.  By  their  aid  the 
indeterminate  intei»ion  of  the  parties,  and  the 
nature  and  extent  of  their  contracts  arising  from 
mere  implicatiqns  or  presumptions,  and  acU  of 
an  equivocal  character,  may  i)e  ascertained,  and 
(he  meaning  of  words  and  doubtful  expressions 
may  become  known.'  Courts  will  not  readily 
adopt  these  usages,  because  they  are  not  unfre- 
quently  founded  in  mistake.' 

V*wr-  See  Iwraasai, 

▼■mtHsef'*  Sm  CaimnAi,  fjiw. 

▼Msaie.  See  A»nvAviT. 

Tl«»>  See  Animau,  "  Hone*." 

TlnMiyetr.  SMA«ao(irr. 

'V'ttfr*  Mr*.  ^it»  EviiuMca,  "  WttasHes. 

▼•lamtaVjr.  S«S  COWVUTANCBS. 

TMi«lNnna.  Sm  Accovirrs. 
Wat***— «— 1'  Sm  BailmbWs. 


l-Carth.  4t6. 
Kowl.  k  it.  <<9, 


J-Sm  It  Mod.  3ic> :  1 B  %  AM.  49$ ; 


k-Carth.  4i<.    7-10  Moi).  14!,  «i4 ; 

;  N.  P.  •! 


f,  i«6.    «i-HaanMmd  N.  F.  tn-    lS-4  Taup- '. :  « 
.  4 :  s  Id.  306.    V-Sm  I  Wit*.  316 :  Canh.  189.    f>- 
Watts.  !»•;  ?»'•»»>.  C,  C.  »¥;  '  CWI-  C.  C.  443 :  3 
iim.*8yi  9Plck.4»«!    4B;ft  AM.MOI    tP«-i 


'V. 


9r- 


(jdKd.):  s 


C.C.  5«»!  «0«.,»J.»: 
.set  ComOuMa 


101    T 

IS  PJ'^i.  rt» 


WMWMit  mt  Attorssey.  Sm  Aobmct.  "Attor- 
atyt  at  Law." 
W»vn»SI*]r.  Sm  ImtuaANCB,  "  SsJm." 
WelfflitMr  BTid«Me«.  f^ca  EviDiNca. 
WBIfilimi  ABTD  NKAMtTRRH. 
A  Measure  is  a  means  or  standard  for  com- 
puting amount.  A  certain  quaniily  of  some- 
thing taken  for  a  unit,  and  which  expresses  a 
relation  with  other  quantities  of  the  same  thin);. 
WsiniiT  is  ft  quality  in  natural  bodies  by 
which  they  tend  towards  the  centre  of  the 
earth.  The  weights  now  generally  used  in  the 
United  States  are  the  same  as  those  of  England. 
The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  gives, 
power  to  Congress  to  "  fix  the  standard  of 
weights  and  measures,"*  This  power  ha^  never 
tieen  exercised.  By  a  resolution  of  Congress 
of  the  14th  of  June,  1836,  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury  is  directed  to  cause  a  complete  set  of 
all  weights  end  measures  adopted  as  standards, 
and  now  either  made  or  in  the  progress  of 
manufacture,  for  the  use  of  the  several  custom 
bouses,  and  for  other  purposes,  to  be, delivered 
to  the  governor  of  each  Stale  in  the  Union,  or 
to  such  person  as  he  may  appoint,  for  the  use 
of  the  States  respectively,  to  the  end  that  a 
uniform  standard  o<  weights  and  measures  may 
be  established  throughout  the  Uni"d  States.' 
The  Slates  possess  the  power  to  legislate  on 
this  sul^ect,  or  at  least  the  existing  standards 
•t  the  ad/^ion  of  the  constitution  remain  in 
iiill  force* 

METRIC  SYSTEM  OF  WEIGHTS 
AND  MEASURES. 

In  the  year  1866  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States  passed  a  bill  authorising  the  use  of  a 
new  system  of  weights  and  measures.  In  this 
system  the  principal  denomination  is  the  metre, 
from  which  all  the  other  denom.noiions  in  all 
the  tables  are  c^erivod.  Hence,  this  system  is 
called  the  metric  system. 

The  principal  denomination  fur  the  measure 
of  surface  is  the  are;  for  the  measure  of 
capacity,  the  tttre;  and  for  weight,  the  gram. 
The  lower  denominations  in  each  table  are 
tenths,  hundredths  or  thousandth*  of  these; 
and  their  names  are  formed  bv  prefixing  ded, 
eenti,  or  miffi  to  the  nunc  of  the  princi^  dr 
nomination. 

The  high?' denominations  are  ?o,  loo,  1,000, 
or  I0,000  times  the  principal  denomination  of 
any  table ;  and  their  names  Rre  formed  by  pre- 
fixing deia,  hecto,  kilo,  or  myria  to  the  name 
of  that  principal  denomination. 

line  weights  and  measures  of  this  system  are 
in  general  use  in  France,  Belgium,  ^in.  anit 
Porttigal ;  and  their  us^  hasi  been  legalised  !« 
OieSi'  ^tain,  Italy,  Norway,  Sw.den,  Greect, 
Me.<ico,  and  tnoat  of  the  South  Anwr««»n  fov- 
emmsflts, 

$•«:  s  B.  8t  AM.  TtS;  Parii.  Ii».  jo;  i  Mavali.  Im. 
tSS; «.  IM> ;  i  CaiOM,  *i :  Gllp.  %t6,  4H6 ;  1  Kdw.  Ch. 
M«:  t  Nott.  ft  M'Cord.  siq:  >-,  M«u.  433:  :  HIU  <S. 
C.)t^;  Wriiht.5/3:  Per  C.C.  1.30:  50Wo.4g:  t 
ret.  ss.ag;  sId.  <48:  6U.  7-3:  15  Ala.  taj;  xfUa, 
Alt;  f  liMH.i5S:  9  Wbeat.  jR»;  11  Id.  4}Q.  r-> 
SuMn.  C.  C.  ir?'  ••Art.  i,  }  »,  SuWIv.  s-  t-Law" 
iMi.  S.  ft  S.  Ch.  lo}.  }  1.  ■•}  Story  Caaitt.  *t ; 
|la«wC«Mt.sge. 


./jsmesm  '»x!irmsaam- 


wgm 


lURES, 

itmrm»j.  St*  AoiNct.  "Attor' 
\ttnmKitcn, "  Sale*." 

I«ne«.  ^>c•  EVIDBNCC 

»  MKAHVRRA. 

meaiii  or  standard  forcom- 
L  certain  quaiility  of  lomu- 
iinil,  and  which  expreswes  a 
qunntitim  of  the  tame  thin);, 
ualitjr  in  natural  bodies   liy 

towards  the  centre  of  the 
ta  now  generally  used  in  the 
ie  same  as  those  of  England. 
I  of  the  United  States  gives, 
s  to  "fix  the  standard  of 
res.""  This  power  has  never 
3y  a  resolution  of  Congress 
e,  1836,  the  secretary  of  the 

I  to  cause  a  complete  set  of 
iasures  adopted  as  standards, 
lade  or  in  the  progress  of 
le  use  of  the  several  custom 
ler  purposes,  to  be, delivered 

rach  State  in  the  Union,  or 
he  may  appoint,  for  the  use 
«ctivefy,  to  the  end  that  a 
)i  weights  and  measures  may 
oughout  the  Unifd  States.' 
s  the  power  to  legislate  on 
least  the  existing  standards 
r  the  constitution  remain  in 

STEM  OF  WEIGHTS 
%BS. 

i  the  Congress  of  the  United 

II  authorising  the  use  of  a 
ighls  and  measures.  In  this 
al  denomination  is  the  mttrt, 
i  other  denominations  in  all 
vod.  Hence,  this  system  is 
fsttm. 

enomination  for  the  measure 
art;  for  the  mea-sure  of 
;  and  for  weight  the  gram. 
iminations  In  each  table  are 
»  or  thousandthk  of  these; 
are  formed  by  prefixing  deti, 
he  nane  of  the  princi^  dr 

ominations  are  ^o,  too,  1,000, 
le  principal  denomination  of 
eir  names  are  formed  by  pre- 
ii/o,  or  myria  to  the  name 
lenomination. 

d  measures  of  this  system  are 
France,  Belgium,  Spain,  antt 
eir  US'?  has  been  legalized  In 
ly,  Norway,  Sw<.'den,  Greece, 
:  of  the  Soath  Amertcan  gov- 

8;  Parit.  Iiw.  30;  t  Mniirfi.  Im. 
I,  4S.  GHp  t<S.  4tt6;  >l!4w.  Ch. 
>ro.  51Q:  I,  MUM.  4J3;  s  Hill  (S. 
I ;  Pet.  C.  C.  tao ;  j  Ohio.  «»« ;  t 
B:  «ld.  7-s;  tsAla.  ti3;  t  Hall, 
9  Wheat,  s'*;  ti  Id.  430.  r-J 
••Art.  I,  }  t,  Suhdiv.  J.  tAsmn 
loj,  )  s.     ■•)  Story  CMtlt.  *>  i 


WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES. 


d4j 


#« 


MrrKio  ■Tsmm  or  wn«HTB  avd 

mJLABVMMM, 
T»kl*  mt  l»«a*MlMitl«MS  Mid  tk«lr 

Nana*  of  Principal  DcnomlnaUons. 
M«tr«. 
Ar<. 

Litre. 
Gram. 

Praflxts  for  Higher  Danomlnadona. 
Dcka  10. 
Hecto  100. 
Klloi,cwo. 
Myria  10,000. 

Praftxto  for  Lower  Dsnomloatioaa. 

Miiii  .001  or 

Cend  .01  of 
Dec!  .1  of 

...„,  *••■«•»«■  •'  fSmpmettar 

10  mllinitrei  —  i  ceiitilltra. 
10  ceniilitm  •>  i  decilitre. 
10  decllitm  —  I  litre. 
10  litre*—  idekalitn. 
10  dekalltn:*  —  i  hectolitre. 

■   '"  'SS."'"*™  —  '  •'"olltre,  or  itetv. 
I  mlllilltra  —  .001  litre, 
I  centilitre  —  .ot  litre. 
I  decilitis  —  .1  litre. 

VJSJ.";  I  "".^''^  daelmatre,  or  .MS  dry  quart, 
or  lnOddT  liquid  quart. 
I  dekalitre  —  10  lltiv*. 
I  hiciolltte  —  100  lilns. 
I  kilolitre  or  stere  —  1000  litre*. 

....      "•••••'««  of  length. 

10  millimetre*  —  i  centimetre. 
to  centimetres  -.  i  decimetri<. 
10  dednietre*  —  1  metre. 
to  metre*  _  i  dekametre. 
10  dekameti««  _  i  hectometre. 
10  hecti  metre*  —  1  kiloiretre. 
10  kjlpmetre*  -.  1  myrl«)i»<«r(. 
I  millimetre  —  ooi  metre 
<  centimetre  ~  .01  m«tr« 
I  dodmetre  -^  .1  metre. 
I  matr*  ..  tt.tr  inchea. 
t  dekametre  —  10  mMrei. 
I  hectometre  —  loo  metres. 
I  kllomeuv  —  1,000  metre*. 
J  mjniBnetre  —  10,000  metre*. 

Mmmmmthm  t  SarflMA. 
too  ceMarc*  —  1  are. 
100  are*  —  1  h««l»re. 
I  centan  •«  ,ot  mt 

>*fd"*  "  *        "*""•  '"^••'  *  **♦••  •*»« 

I  hectare  — 100  are*. 


igrami 
to  c«nt%ram*  --  1  Asdpam. 
10  decjgrarof  « t  fmrn. 
to  Oram*  —  1  dekaanua, 
to  dckafraa*  —  t  hectomm. 
to  hectognuM  —  i  kllagraa. 
to  klloarmmo  or  UIm  —  i  mfttammk 
soiDjrrJigruM -» iq^tMlai.     ^^ 
to  Wiaah  » t  aM«r,  or  toaneao. 
I  aaMfaran-.  aMCPMB. 
I  cemiinun  —  .01  «a. 
I  decigram  _  .;  gram 
1  gram  ^  Ilf.'Wi  yralaa. 
I  dekagram  -.  le  grami. 
(  hectogram  »>  leograms. 
PolStof**  "  '  «»»-li«««  grans,  or  MM* 
I  myriagiM*  -  <•  kOos. 
I  qnJniaJ—  *••  ki'm 
tkOoa. 


go  degree*  -t  t  quadrat. 
360  degree*  or  IS  dgn*  •-  I  clreumr*renc*. 
ApotkeMirles*  or  Ph«riiaae«ntiite* 
MeiwiiirMi,  «*«. 

60  minim*  (M)  —  i  auld-drachm,  Ig 

t  f  3  *•  t  fluid-ounce,  f  J 

terj  ~  I  pint,  O 

I  O  =>  t  gallon,  C 

When  Roman  numeral*  are  u*ed  after  the  (Igns  to 
which  they  relate:  thu*  ^Fo  i  drachm;  3iv  -  4 
drachm*,  they  Indicate  troy  weight. 

aa  -  one-half;  thu*  Z  ■■  <.  one-half  drachm. 

When  Arabic  numeral*  are  u*ed  before  the  *lgn*  ta 
which  they  relate:  thu>  #3  —  t  drachm;  JTI  _  4 
drachm*,  they  indicate  avoirdupoi*  weight. 

a  a  ••of  each. 

Measures  of  Pi.n«nasa  of  Powdara. 

00  me*hes  to  nn  inch  —  very  fine. 

80  me*he*  to  an  inch  »  fine. 

SO  me*he(  to  an  Inch  •-  moderately  fine. 

40  me«he*  to  an  Inch  =  moderalely  ccaisa, 

ao  me*he>  to  an  inch  ->  coane. 
Aatrononaeni'  and  ««90cra|»hera'  H«a«. 


MUMnrAmTVTi 


fi£J"'Ki«in« 


AK^ater 

6e  Mcaadi  ■*  i  ___„, 
|kdigraa»idga. 


r""JWN*wu«»fi 


SS*  ino^d***  ~)*'  ^"''"""''*°'"  »  ««0«™pl>l<»>  mile, 

30°  -  I  (ign  of  the  lodlac  (S). 

IS  S  ■»  I  great  circle  of  the  heavens. 

80°  >■  t  sextant. 

"•ttP  or  8  Btxtant*  -  i  C.  circumleranca. 

I  geographic  n.lle  ~  I.  ij  statute  inUe. 

Jgeogrephic  mile*  m,  t  league  (L). 

Bo  geoiraphlc  miles,  or  89.18  lutute  mile*  —  decree 
(DetO  of  latitude  or  of  longitude  on  the  eqiitor. 

89.18  mile*  i»  the  average  degree  of  lautuda  as  uad 
by  the  United  State*  Coa*t%urvey.        "'"""'■  "  "*— 

M«mmur«  »f  Hooka. 

»  sheet  folded  In-  «"»■■• 

a  kwv«*  m  a  folio. 

4  leave*  —  a  tjuarto  (4to.) 

•  leave*  n  an  ocuvo  (Ivo.) 

IS  leave*  ••  a  duodecimo  (tamo.) 

18  leave*  -m  *  tSmo. 

i8  leave*  a  a  iSmo. 

S4  [eave*  ^  a  S4mo. 

I*  Itavci  a  a  jsmo. 

■4  leaves  »  a  Slmo 

.llnk|f)'l*ff»— '•'■•«««i^ 

tool(orft.)-tcWi. 

sale  ft.  (1769  yd*.)  -  I  mile  (ml.) 

7*  words  <=  1  folio.  commonXT        ' 
90  word.  ~  I  folio,  chanery 
»oo  word*  '-.  I  folio,  *tatuu  kiw 
.1  figure*  —  1  word,  *tatiite  law 

1  q!S-  »  %Si  "  '  *'"*'*"  ^'^^  **'  '^'*- 

1  yard  U.  B.  Standard  =.  S  feet  or  S<  Incliea. 

.H^^  '  "**"  <'^''  «f  »ea) 

laa  batona  <    t  eahle'i  length. 

I  nautwaiJ  mile  or  knot  -  i.ij  *tatute  miles. 

S  aauncal  .lUles  or  knots  .  i1ea^«r  ^^        • 

IS  Inches  » t  foot  "*«V" 

»,«?«-'»  yard. 

an  yard*  »  X  rod  or  polo, 

J » pole*  =•  I  furfpng. 
Airlon^  » t  mile, 
^  i-ij  mile*  =.  I  degree  of  a  gnU  drds  af  «m 

4  iach«  —  t  charter. 
4  quarten  >.  i  ywd. 
9  qaarttrt  w  1  aO. 


:■;» 


mm^i 


«M 


WElGllTSl  AKD  MEASURES. 


MvMUi'*  of  Httotit  of  HortM. 

Ih  meuDrlng  ha7m»  4  inciiet  •-  I  hand,  tlw  moMura 
Mne  Mliwi  dircctijr  over  th«  rurah<niUt9r. 

Mmaur*  of  Land. 
J  o*-iao  lAchm  im  1  link. 
loo  link*  m  I  ehul.-i. 
10  Mjiura  cluinii  <»  i  act*, 
fl  jo  acrct  io  I  u^uare  mila  or  aecdObn  ' 

jfi  Kivurc  miln  ■»  v  t>iwr>«hlp. 

•4  •haata  -•  1  quire. 
to  quirta  ■•  I  ream, 
a  reanu  ••  i  bundle, 
f  buiKUaa  —  t  tale. 

MMiauraa  of  Capacity  for  CommodlKiaa  Belt  by 
Haapad  Maaaura. 
I  gaiioM  y  t  pack. 
9  (follont  na  I  DultKi. 

1  buahal  U.  8.   Htandard  -  MSO.M  enbic 
Inchaa. 

3  buahth  « 1  sack. 

!•  lackiii  ••  I  etwidron. 

M«B«ur««  sfOapKity  of  iLiqai4a,  cte. 

For  liquids  »«v«ral  aeoomlnatinnii  have  heretofore 

&«»  ildopied;  fe  b««rth«  firkin  org  galiona,  the  klddrr- 
n  qf  <l,  llw  barrel  of  38,  the  hocahead  of  54,  antj  ttie 
bait  of  lOtgmiioiw.  For  wine  or  splrilt  there  iir«  the 
aniser,  run]<t,  tt«rc«>,  hf;gahead.  punvhcon,  fvipt,  butt, 
and  tun;  these  «>£,  howaver,  rather  the  natnct  of  th« 
CMska  in  v/hleh  the  coinmoditbs  aiv,  (mpuRed  than  as 
sixpresaing  any  definlto  numiier  of  fallons.  It  h  rhe 
practice  to  gauae  ail  such  itdaela  niad  to  charge  t)»«m 
Bceordlng  to  fmr  actual  conieols.  i 

4  gfll*  "  1  pin.  I 
t  piola  ••  I  quart. 

iquarta  —  I  nlion. 
gallon  U.  1.  atamtiard  »  Ml  eubie  isebaa. 
•  gallons  —  I  u«ck. 

5  gallona  ••  i  niahe!, 
I  Foshets  »  I  qturtar. 
SquftrteiK  ~  t  load. 

The  iast  foui  daooaiinatliMia  are  oicd  csly  tar  goods, 
•ot  llquiaa. 

Mtaaures  of  Solidil^, 
f  Tit  ci:ibie  ittchaa  »  I  cible  ll<iot. 
■j>  cubic  fttt  ••  I  cubic  ratd. 
I  owl  stova  wood  ■•  isl  cubic  li»il. 

144  tnchn  ■>  t  square  foot. 

9  square  tout  s  eqtiara  yard. 

905(  sqi>ae«  yarfla  ■*  I  p«h  or  ««d. 

40  perches  »»  (  rood. 

4  roods  V  ifte  pcrehea  •■  I  acre. 

040  acres  ••  „  si^uaie  nlla. 

7.S«inchea  — lUnkO). 

i«bl*.l«ti»lr,(j!i). 

S3  ch  —  I  mile  (ml). 

Sec  MuivMa  ^  LitMmi,  abova. 

BD«NUMitrac  «»r  tliteafi,. 

«•  w  I  Uotea. 
z%doMlii<n  I  gnats. 
IS  groat  <«'  t  If  tat  ffm. 

X«iui«i«>«si  (ftffTfne. 

8e  stseonds  ••  3  minaia. 
fp  min«iAa'to  it  hcstf . 
94  hour*  at  I  ^y 
7  days  ■»  t  ««^. 

•a  days  or  4  week*  «•  1  Ititiiai'Montb. 
**•  *if  9V>  or  S>  4sr«  o  1  cahodariaaH^ 
If  uJaiMMr  awotha  »•  i  yiar. 
38^  day*  '<m  I  v««i'. 
SK  days  oi  1  !t«p  year. 

The  seccnd  of  time  is  tubdi^idcl  Kba  ybet  of  aaptititr 
MHkora,. 


M«MM«ir«a  hy  WHgkf . 

The  fbllowiag articles  sre  generally  siilii  by  the  b«isb*t, 
hundredweight,  or  tor,  and  are  geuaraUy  raguUtad  by 
statute : 

Apptaa,  dried ;  bariay:  beam,  while:  beans,  castor: 
blu«gras>  seed;  brsn:  buckwheat;  clover  sceti:  coal 
(aiuhrac)La.  iti:umirtr-us,  cannet,  slona,  and  aU  other 
mined  toals);  corn,  Indian,  In  the  car;  £orn,  Indian, 
shelled;  Cora  asetl;  iUiiseed;  hslr  (fur  plastering) ; 
hay ;  hemp  s«ad ;  hiiwhiy ;  HiitiKarian  araaa  aeed ;  limn 
(unsi*«ed);  malt;  millet  seed;  oats,  shelled ;  onions , 
pcach'K,  dcied  ;  onui  around  ;  potatoes,  Irish  ;  poMloct, 
sweet :  rya ;  salt :  salt,  fine ;  timothy  sacd  t  lumii» ; 
wh«at,  ttc,  ate. 

Weights  are  of  two  Ctliids,  avoirdupois  and  iroy. 

Ap«tli«««H«i*  oip  rhmrtmmmtttiatit' 

Uaed  IB  Praactibing  and  Miatng  Dry  Medicinea. 

(Dry  medicines  are  sold  by  avoirdupois  wcighl,  and 
pmrrlbcd  and  Mixed  by  troy  weight.)  ; 

so  grains  (gr.)  •■  r  Kniple  ($«.  or)  ^ 

S  9  •"  I  drachm  (Dr.  or)  g 

1 3  »  1  ounce  (01.  or)  j  ■      . 

t^  J  »  >  pound  Iroy  (ft). 

Sde  iVIaASUKSk,  above. 

For  BulAer  amd  Cheaea. 

SjSounds  •»  (  clove. 

gSpoundt^Bl  firkin. 
la  snoat  Commercia!  TroMiSactlcma  and  Oonmor! 
Dealings  •lisias-lDdtvf/Jiiala. 

t1%  jtralna  »•  {  drachm. 

IS  drachms  »e  i  ounce  foo). 

18  ounces  •«  t  sound  (lb  ) 

1  pound  —  7a«it»  tfo;^  kraiti,  U.  B.  Btandard. 

ax  pound*  tmd  at  pound*  bb  <  quarter  (qr.) 

4  quarter*  —  t  husdredarcight  <cwt.) 

M  hiiodredwaight  m  t  ton. 

For  Fish  anii  Heat. 

U  pounds  •>  X  stone. 

For  tha  WmI  ttttM. 

t  pounds  •>  I  clove. 

X4  pounds  ws «  stona. 

•  stones  n  :  cod. 

6H  tods  ■—  t  wey. 
'  »  wcy*  aa  I  r.ack. 

It  sack*  ism  I  last. 


Tkesa  sre  the  denomlobt^oni;  £?tr(*y  welgbliwb«nn*ed 
for  wejjshing  gold-  silver,  and  pt«^aas  S(dne*.eao*pt  ala- 
raonds.  Troyweightitalso tia«S by apotheearie* In com- 
Boondins  Ri«d)ci<w> :  and  by  tbam  Ine  Minoe  is  dividcil 
isico  «ight  drachms,  end  the  dmr.hm  Into  tHrea  scruples, 
>»  that  th^  Utccr  is  cqtuit  to  (nenty  graira.  For  siian- 
tific  purposss  the  grata  uniy  la  ta«o,  and  sets  of  weights 
are  tied  eomtucted  ih  <il«Qaial  prcKrenien  from  to^ooo 
gralaw  downward  to  «n«-hundi«ta  «?  a  crain.  The  ^arai 
used  for  weigbtBg  dlamoniAi  k  three  «nd  •■'iw-slxth 
i^ns. 

14  gnilu*  n  I  penBywnlght, 
■o  penriyweighl*  as  J  ouscf . 

1  OBBce  —  iS9  gfaUi.ftt  U.  ff.  Staadurd. 

15  onncet  •■  l  pound.    , 

1  pound  —  iS,7M4|T*liw,  IS .  S.  HtwideM. 

WhsufKmeer.  See  Sa;>juiM». 

Wlfi»>  8*t  Acts;  KMicrAoa. 

WilM.  See  KiUMAtM. 

WU{«  See  CoHV«VAM!M,  "Vmt." 

WUmmm*  &»*  EvitiKi«n!. 

WiMn<M.  See  KaoiCM.  l-alr. 

WfcWBMfc,  IM»:  AiratMn':  'Ssijs,  ftbHiM,  /.im 
Kcnras;  BoNm  oa  OHroAT;>:iw»i  CmresMtitf  Co»- 
vavAitcw,  mi:„  a«c. 

W»*a«s.  SkwTwifSi. 

'W9fagf  Sea  Ammaia.  . 


I«a  SIT  ftiMiiiUy  lold  bf  th*  l»w|)«l, 
p,  And  arc  gdMraUy  f*guUiS««t  by 

hf:  hram,  «Ml«;  bmm,  castor: 
M  buckwheat:  clover  Mndi  coal 
<ut,  cannel,  •ton*,  and  a!)  other 
Indian,  In  tha  car;  corn,  Indian, 
flax  iMd  :  hair  <  fur  plaaurrlnc) : 
uhiy;  HonKariutaraaataad;  liroa 
iHUti  t«ed ;  o«M,  jiiallad :  onion* ; 
■round;  potatoea,  Irlih  ;  potatoci, 
all,  fin* ;   timothy  M«d  {    lunil|it ; 

I  MiHli,  avoirdupola  and  troy. 
■'  •»  PRiiiirnMMMmttato* 

ig  and  If  laing  Dry  Medicinal. 
9  loid  by  avoirdupoli  welghl,  and 
I  l>y  r.roy  waighl.)  ; 

■cntplc  (S«.  or)  ^ 

rJr.or>g 

.  or)3 


ut.tar  Mid  Ch*«M. 

in, 

Ik!  TrffittMctlonaamd  Oommori 

i  SBi^sag  -laiMtiiMtm, 
kchm. 
nee  (onV, 
Id  Oh) 

tro;«  graint.,  U.  8.  8t«ndaid. 
cundi  ■■  I  quarter  (qr.) 
dredwtight^cwt.) 
«  I  ton. 

rUh  Md  ttaat. 

I. 


alatit)a)it  jjTtrtfy  watgetfirhsnuMd 
er,  and  p»«<doai  ttdnacctcnpt  dia- 
ScaitouicdbyapotiMSaricatncain- 
and  iiy  than  tha  Mwoa  i«  divided 
nd  the  drachm  Into  tHrea  ocmittes, 
xjiial  to  t»»«Bty  graim.  For  taen- 
ia ui^y  ia  vnU'dt  and  a«ta  of  wxighu 
In  dadnai  nrccrewon  fioin  tofioo 
na-hundxetn  01  a  0«iii.  Th«  4ir«t 
tiemonAt  la  s!u«e  and  i'.na-aixtli 

yw»!i([*r. 
1 1  ouact. 
Mtla.s,  U.  8.  3tiMi(Si«rd. 

KMiBr«0«. 

iiitji. 
YAltttfc.w'iKTai." 

tnilKNCB. 


PART  II. 

Collection 

Claims,  Debts  and  Demands. 


Vfnmn  •  claim,  ilebt  or  demand  is  due  or 
overdcuj  when  payment  is  unreasonably  de- 
ferred cr  refused  ;  when  satiafaclion  can  only 
l)e  had  ly  aggre«ive  ac Jiun  on  the  part  of  the 
crediSor,  it  hecomes  necessary  for  him  to  in- 
quire into  the  various  methods  of  eolleciing  or 
securing  such  claim,  etc. 

I.  Amicable  adjuatmeni;  of  CUima, 
Debt!  Mfii  Demands  by  parties.  As  be- 
Jween  parties  a  claim  may  be  satisfied,  paid  or 
adjusted  in  any  manner,  as  by  part  payment, 
services,  goods,  etc.,  etc.  It  may  also  be 
secured  in  various  ways,,  by  note  of^  hand ;  by 
note  of  hand  with  a  sufficient  indor/t.  r ;  by  an 
order  on  and  accepted  by  a  third  responsible 
party;  bva  mortgaM, pledge,  etc.,  etc. 

3.  Arbitration  by  third  persona  when  a 
CUim,  Debt  or  Demand  ia  diaputed.  When 
fifties  are  unable  to  adjust  claims,  debts  or 
deinanci»  between  themselves,  and  wish  to 
avoid  the  expense  and  incident  df  a  suit  at 
law,  ehey  iti»y  agree  upon  a  person  or  persons 
before  whom  to  submit  the  points  of  contro. 
vcisy,  and  ahide  his  or  their  decision. 
See !«»««,  ATbHwnUmm. 

3.  Action  or  suit  to  recover  or  defeiiK  a 
Claim,  Debt  or  Demand.  Whether  the  de- 
maud,  debt  or  claim  be  disputed  or  not,  it  is 
o^m  necessary  to  commence  an  action  or  suit 
for  Its  retioregr,  to  which  suit  n  Kgal  defence, 
»et..off  or  eaunter-ckiio  must  be  interposed,  or 
judfwerM  will  be  o!t>iained  so  far  as  far  as  the 
demand,  etc.,  h  pif«»e<!,  often  for  the  amount 
(•sonifttimes  wnjustly)  claimed.  Where  the 
pa'Vles  are  ia  the  same  nsighhorhood,  or  at 
»  .  tt  disU.oce,  the  matter  may  be  at- 

'•liiiljd  K  personally  ax  by  sjpeat  or  attorney. 
Wlii;ri9  ihey  reside  or  do  business  at  a  dis- 
tiM  .  rfcm  ca«:h  other,  ihis  nvust  »je  dan? 
in."*!  ,gb  ageisa  or  attome;|i%.  In  the  latter  e*se, 
the  fffllowifig  form*  of  corrci^ndence  may  be 
oiisenred  iiy  the  £r^i..«r  j 

t0tt#»  Of  Viwiiitirr. 

A.T„li^„^H«Hnaii*HiHvtew,a» — <-,!b. — ,in 

^eeawtj.wtaisi  «-—>■, 

am^  Sir  I -.J  'iii  ;ftwlth  c«et»s«  yen  a  sotw  of  a:« 

iS?*!*^^  '*^  sitaJislit  D. ».  J  it — ,  uegagS^  (r, 
I MUI*  tmuiuui)  at  i-«—  >  to  your  dty  (tf r  «c3B,oteO.   !B« 

SSiM)!  eiMsieU  <»  it«si«  gt,^  t«rfn«  ami  pttm^iy^  if 


«>Mer  <•  Collect. 

.  „    _„     .  Mace ,  Data ,il— . 

A.  Y. ,  Baq  ,  Anorney-at-law.  at ,  in ,  in 

county,  9tata  of 

'>««r  Sir : FIsasa  colUct  tha  encloavd  (account 

er  '^ott,  txc.i  ia  my  favor  and  against  D.  R., 
and  rainit  »h»  aami,  Itaa  your  lacs,  ••  par  tarma 

stated  In  y-.tat  not*  of .  inst.:  jVovMnr,  That 

if  tha  aama  m  round  to  b«  wertblaaa,  that  it  b« 
returned  to  me  without  charga, 
,  „,.  ^  Yours,  etc.,  C.  R. 

( 'yt'"'  «*»•-' f*  yjr  cmU  u  rtfmifM  tuU ;) 

Enclosed  Jlnd  •-  -,  as  par  your  raqucat,  to  pay 
coat  in  advaiisa  (or  to  sscurs  tb«  cesu  of  this 

BU.t). 

WHAT  OOVK-n  Vm  •VK  IH. 

Justices'  Courts  aflbrd  a  simple  and  speedy 
means  of  coHecting  imall  claims  and  demands 
ir/ithout  d«1ay,  and  their  judgmenU  are,  when 
filed  in  the  office  of  the  clerk  of  the  proper 
court,  as  efficient  a  lien  of  the  debtor's  real 
estate,  as  (he  judgment  of  a  c©«rt  of  record. 
This  is  a  simp'e  r.nd  inexpensive  mode  of  ob- 
taiming  n  judgment  end  lien.  Tito  praceedlags 
of  courta  »f  {general  jurisdiction  are  more  di- 
rect, and  must  be  resorted  to  for  the  collection 
of  large  claims  and  enforcing  genetal  remedies. 
Wlioii  ma  A«ttoiB  wr  flalt  Kajr  «w  CMai> 

Limitation.  By  the  common  law,  a  parly 
who  had  any  legal  ground  of  complaint  against 
another,  might  compel  him  to  answer  in  a  court 
at  »ush  time  as  suited  his  convenience.  This 
privilege  was  not  only  productive  of  incon- 
venience,  but  often  of  great  injustice.  Patties 
miiiht,  aiKi  ofien  did,  wait  till  witnesses  were 
dsisd,  or  ptpers  destroyed,  etc.,  and  then  pro- 
ceed to  enforce  claisns  which  at  an  earlier  date 
might  iiave  heeu  honestly  defeated.  To  pr»>- 
vent  these  evils,  insecuritv  in  title,  awcestainty 
of  tenure  of  property,  and  fr-vtitful  suSijecis  of 
Htigation,  stattttes  tifere  fnsani,  liioiting  the 
Hme  within  whisb  *  oiniy  having  a  cause  of 
jctkta  sho^d  nppral  {3  conilee  for  redreis, 
in!ie*«  stattrtes  «re  caJJed  St»tirte»  of  Limtta- 
'.■icn. 

"W^mn  41m^  mn  ll«««is«4  its  A4Cir«iiee. 
Co««g,  Thfl  object  of  rtjjnirina  seenrity  for 
costs  fa  any  case  is,  tfcait  the  defendant  may 
hsive  some  rcrpansibli?  ^sirty  witliiii  the  jorin- 
diction  uf  the  court  Jo  nhom  he  can  look  kn  the 
payment  thersof  !e  the  eyeat  be  »«c<»i>!^  tw 
the  aititia  c»  ^ait  (tj  Wis,  54).   Whta  ^iKtwttfy 


^'"-'"KamimiVmimVLMm.te,. 


'«*>.mimmumr!tj>mmmie>ij«i»;jmtim*mmimitimr  -.t^^mmKiistitummiK  ■ 


M 


COLLECTION  OF  CLAIMS,  DEBTS  AND  DEMANDS. 


fer  cost*  t*  required,  t  fc«  thonid  accompany 
th«  claim,  lo  that  the  cotts  may  be  secured  bjr 
rcaident  aurely  or  paid  at  the  commencement 
of  the  action  or  suit. 

Frwe»—  !■  «■  AatloM  •*  Salt. 

In  ■  Suit  or  Action  a  Summona  notifies 
the  defendant  to  appear  at  a  certain  'ime  and 
place  lo  answer  whether  he  owes  the  debt  ur 
not,  and  if  he  has  a  let^off  or  defence,  to  then 
present  it. 

An  Ordtr  of  Amstor  Capiaa  compels  him 
not  only  to  answer  the  debt,  but  also  the  acts  of 
fraud  in  contracting  or  afterwards  >xy't>B  fraudu- 
lently to  cheat  hir.  creditor  out  of  kk  dues,  and 
may  also  commit  him  to  prison. 

An  Order  of  Attachment  effects  the  seizure 
of  such  goods  and  property  as  can  be  found. 

Oaraiahea  or  Truatee  Proceaa  effects  u 
discovery  of  goods,  debts,  effects,  etc.,  ed;.,  in 
t)ie  hands  of  outdde  or  third  parties,  and 
compels  their  delivery  of  the  luime  to  Mtlsfy 
luch  judgment  as  may  be  ob(,aiiiC!d. 

Judfment,  Bxacatkm,  «tc.,  are  noticed 
above  and  below. 

Avreat  mm*  ■■sprlawsBaaesst  far  Dekt. 

Arraat  and  Impriaonmant  for  Debt  are 
proceedings  of  so  summary  a  character  thot  few 
persons  of  responsibility  will  risk  either  with- 
out the  strongest  eWdence  to  support  the  one, 
or  M  a  last  meaiu  of  obtaining  satisfaction  of  a 
judgment  through  the  other.  Arraat  is  allowed 
in  many  of  the  States,  but  only  in  cases  of 
fraud;  fraud  in  obtaining  goods,  moneys,  etc., 
or  fraudulently  secreting,  selling,  removing  hiit 
property  to  avoid  the  payment  of  just  debu, 
etc.,  etc.  Imprtaonmant  for  debt  is,  with  a 
few  exceptions,  generally  abolished. 

The  proceedings  are  generally  as  follows: 
An  affidavit  is  made  by  the  creditor,  his  agent, 
or  attorn^,  charging  the  debtor  with  the  acts 
of  fraud,  etc.  A  bond  is  given  by  the  creditor 
lo  indemnify  the  debtor  if  his  srrest  should  be 
wrongful,  etc.  A  writ  is  then  issued  for  the 
apprehension  of  the  debtor.  When  arrested, 
the  debtor  is  brought  before  court  to  answer 
the  charges  of  fraud,  which,  if  proved,  justify 
his  impnionment  nntil  he  gives  up  the  goods, 
property,  etc,  or  is  lawfully  diwearg^  from 
confinemen'.. 

AMaakaMMtt  ChamlsiiKMiiti  Timataa 


l^or 


Attachmant,    OamiaiimcAt,     Trttataa 
^oc«M,  ate.  fi.  t;  seising  ^tods  or  prooerty 
nf  the  debtor  either  before,  daring,  or  aftcir  the 
i^uit).  y  coTtimon  to  every  State. 

Attwthmant  iftuom  H  seidBg  either  goods 
property  of  tbui  debtor  for  the  «tbt,  wh«w  be 
is  cha^d  with  fntadulently  OMeceaiing,  selling 
M  rzoiovinit.  etc.,  of  them.  QamimMM, 
Traataa  Procata,  etc.,  is  a  Sollow* :  D  owes 
C  a  debt,  D  has  no  }i»x>pe(tyOf  liis  own,  in  iu 
^wm  htmd$  w  ^xm.tmaik,i»t  s9t>tt  mu  tbi  km, 
or  is  indel^d  to  him.  C  ditfiovent  this,  and  as 
an  attachment  proper  could  only  tflce  pnqierty 
of  D,  in  D's  own  hands,  or  some  place  where 
it  could  bs  com^  at  «iire€tly,  C  laost  teeott  to 


some  other  process.  This  is  \lled  a  G«mi- 
thet  or  Trtutt*  Proem — that  is,  a  writ  which 
compels  this  outside  party  to  come  into  court 
a>)d  tell  what  he  has,  holds,  controls,  or  owes 
to  D,  and  to  deliver  it  over  to  the  officer  hold- 
ing the  garnishee  or  trustee  writ,  that  it  may 
Iw  used  to  satisfy  the  creditor's  claim  of  de- 
mand. , 

TkoVrtMlor  Kss  AetlMsar  UmXt  ms4  ita 
IsieMaato.   M««k«l*w. 

Tko  KsiSNro  ais^l  MMet  cf  •  Jw<»«»aw«. 

Jttdgmanta.  once  obtained,  are  evidence  tc 
the  whole  world  of  the  facts  they  contain — they 
cannot  be  impeached  or  disputtd.  The  only 
wny  tc  affect  them  is  to  pay  or  satisfy'  them. 
They  mav  be  transferred  from  one  county  to 
another,  tram  State  to  Slate,  from  country  to 
country,  and  from  court  lo  court ;  they  always 
face  the  debtor,  and  are  always  ready  for  any 
excess  over  and  above  the  exemptions  allowed 
by  law.  They  gradually  increase  by  the  addi- 
tion of  interest. 

covKTB  Airn  PAMTira  An*BAmiw« 

TKtENKIH.  ate. 
Jw<gea  mmtk  OMeava  e>r  CMirta. 

A  judge  or  justice  cannot  sit  or  act  in  cases 
where  he  is  a  party,  or  is  interested,  or  where  he 
is  related  to  either  party  by  consanguinity  or 
""nity. 

A  judge  or  justice  cannot  practice  in  his  own 
court. 

A  jud^e  or  justice  will  not  have  a  partner 
practlcr  in  his  own  court. 

A  judge  or  juMice  will  not  take  part  in  a 
trial  when  his  partoer  is  attorney  or  counsel 
therein. 

A  judge  or  justice  will  not  have  a  voice  in 
decisions  where  he  has  been  attorney  or 
counsel. 

Partners  of  clerks  of  judges  cr  Court  officen 
do  not  pruetice  before  their  judges. 

Clerks  of  CourU  and  other  ministerial  officers 
do  not  practice  as  attorneys  in  their  own  courts. 

Courts  are  always  open  to  the  public. 

Iiacal  PvacaaMtasa. 

Legal  Proceedings  must  be  in  the  English 
language,  without,  abbreviation ;  numbers  may 
be  expressed  in  figures. 

A  party  may  aiways  appear  in  persoi:  or  by 
attorney.  Any  person  of  full  age  and  sound 
mhid,  may  prosecute  or  defend  any  action  or 
suit  of  his  own,  or  any  defense  against  an  ac- 
tioti  or  suit  Ixocgitt  against  him  t^  another,  in 
any  court  cr  trilMnal. 

Any  peison  of  good  nMj:«i  ctmracter,  altluHU^ 
not  an  attorney,  ir>ay  irtnage,  prosecote,  or  de- 
tend  the  suit  of  another  person,  if  ha  is  speci 
ally  authorised  in  dn  so  hy  the  party  for  whom 
he  appears.  Thi»  n;ithonty  may  be  by  request 
when  in  court,  or  by  written  authority  rrhen 
the  party  suing,  or  sued,  is  absent 

Costs  of  suit  generally  fall  upon,  the  loaing 
party}  whatever  coals  have  been  prqaud  are 
[nclttdedinthebUlofi 


lEMANDS. 

II.  Thif  it  \ll«d  a  Gami- 
roctt$ — that  iit  a  writ  which 
de  party  lo  come  into  court 
hat,  hoido,  control*,  at  own 
ir  it  over  to  th«  officer  hold- 
or  truitae  writ,  that  it  may 
tha  creditor's  claim  o«  de- 


1  A««l*«  •»  %ml%  mmA  Ita 
tl«.   Mat*  k«l*«. 

I  MfliM*  •€  •  J«««MMit. 

ce  obtained,  art  evidtnca  tc 
r  the  facts  (hey  contain — (hey 
bed  or  dispmttd.  The  only 
n  is  to  pay  or  satisfy'  (hem. 
isferred  from  one  coun(y  (o 
:e  (o  Slate,  from  country  to 
court  to  court ;  they  always 
id  are  always  ready  for  any 
)ov«  Iho  exemptions  4dlowed 
(dually  increase  by  tb«  addi- 

PAKTIM  AVPKARIKCi 

EKKIH.  ••«. 

I  oa«*iw  vr  CMirla. 

ice  cannot  sit  or  act  in  cases 
f,  oris  interested,  ur  where  he 
'X  party  by  consanguinity  or 

ce  cannot  practice  in  hit  own 

lice  will  not  have  a  partner 
1  court. 

tice  will  not  take  part  in  t 
ftner  is  attorney  or  coansel 

ice  will  not  have  a  voice  in 
he   has    been   attorney  or 

ks  of  judge*  cr  Court  offiicen 
fore  their  jttd|{es. 
;  and  other  mmisterial  officers 
ittomeys  in  their  own  conti. 
ys  open  to  the  pobUc. 

l'V#C99flllS(S* 

ngt  must  be  in  the  English 
,  abbreviation  i  numbers  may 
:ure«. 

trays  appear  in  persoi:  or  by 
inon  of^fuli  age  and  sound 
ute  or  defend  any  action  or 
r  any  defense  against  an  ac- 
It  against  bun  l^  another,  in 
tal. 

)od  ina:«i  cluiracter,  althouh 
ay  nrsnage,  proaecttte,  or  de- 
loiher  person,  if  ha  is  mf^ 
do  so  )w  the  party  for  WBom 
niithonty  may  be  by  request 
r  by  written  autlMntjr  when 
-  sued,  is  afaaMt 
mc^Iy  foil  upon,  the  loring 
sons  have  been  pmMud  an 
llof. 


COLLECTION  OF  CLAIMS.  DEBTS  AND  DEMANDS. 


«4r 


WHBMB  TO  COMHBRCi:  AH  ACTIOM 
0«  MVIT. 

An  aetlaa  or  suit  muat  b«  twoughl  (Mfor*  •  court 
or  Jud««  or  Juatlca,  who  has  a  rl|{hi  lO  and  can 
(•■ally  baar  and  datarmin*  It,  othtrwl**  his 
Jud(mant  would  ba  Uha  that  of  any  othrr  par- 
son wtibottt  authority. 

For  ixampli : 

1.  A  justice  of  the  peace  has  (he  right  and 
.authority  (o  hear  and  detetoiine  actions  or  suiis 
upon  accounts,  bills,  bonds,  con(rac(s,  judg- 
ments, notes,  etc.,  etc.,  at  well  as  for  damages 
in  some  instances,  and  many  other  things,  up 
to  a  certain  sum  or  amount,  l>eyond  which  he 
cannot  lawfully  go,  even  though  (he  par(ies  (o 
(he  suit  agree  (hat  he  may ;  fur  (he  law  has  said 
what  !r«  shall  do,  and  this  is  his  only  authority. 
On  the  other  hand  justices  of  (he  peace  canno( 
ti(  (o  (ry  the  title  to  land,  suits  for  slander,  libel, 
breach  of  marriage  contract,  etc.,  for  (hey  have 
no  authority  by  law  to  do  so,  and,  besides,  they 
are  specially  prohibited  by  law  from  trying  suits 
of  this  character. 

2.  The  justice  having  the  right  and  aulhor- 
l(y  to  try  the  matter,  in  order  to  exercise  it  upon 
application  of  a  paity  suing,  must  bring  (he 
party  required  to  answer  before  him;  (his  is 
dune  1^  a  summons,  and  in  suits  before  jus(ices 
it  it  often  absolutely  necessary  to  sue  a  person 
in  M#  samt  tovm  ar  tewnthip  in  whith  he  rt- 

'V«r,  though  generally  he  may  be  sued  any- 
i^.^nj  )h  tSs  o^nty. 

*j;'  *  (  mxf,  however,  appear  before  any 
jnik  *u  or  court,  ftnd  in  any  county,  township 
or  plac^  they  choo««,  and  (here  submit  (heir 
controversy. 

H*w  «•  C*wtMM!nc«  Mr  >.k"»»Tj:b  »»  9mit. 

An  aetloa  or  auit  mmg  t$a  esmwuttwexi  >  )r  voSnn- 
tary  aimearanea  (.Ud  >  ''««,tisnt  nf  ph.rtl«ac«r 
by  legal  nrosaaaaa  i  >j»  avtha  ln«>^ne«  tiad 
rc^ueat  or  tha  party  v  (;?f  fw  tltSig. 

I.  J/ by  ttg^'tewumt  tht  v  J'.  >  appear  before 
(he  court  or  justice,  and  au  iiit  liieiii' contro- 
versy, with  such  evidence  as  they  aunt  require 
ur  present,  and  the  sonrt  or  justice  decides  such 
controvmy,  and  so  enters  his  judgment  upon 
his  docket  or  record,  and  judgment  stands  .nd 
execution  issues,  in  the  tame  manner  at  in  an 
urdintry  action  or  suit. 

a.  Whm  fy  bgat pra€itt.  Upon  application 
(and  filing  one's  account,  bill,  blond,  citim,  de- 
mand, itote  or  other  "  cause  of  action,"  which  is 
.:alled  a  "complaint,"  "  statement  of  demand," 
"  bill  of  particulars,"  etc.,  etc.,  according  to  (he 
custom  Mthe  court),  a  ti-.^mons  is  issued  and 
directed  to  the  constable  or  other  officer,  who 
^«rvea  it  upon  the  paitjr  complained  of,  who  is 
called  the  defenduit.  Thit  summons  com- 
mitnds  the  defemdant  to  appear  before  the  court 
or  justice  at  a  certain  place  and  time,  to  answer 
the  p!ainti0*t  demand  jdetoribing  it),  and  to  set 
up  whatever  defense  nt  may  have  to  it.  In 
addition  to  the  vtmmomt  (which  is  merely  a 
notice  to  appear  and  answer),  there  are  cases 

Nora — ^Tha  pJalatUTs  dtatand  or  cause  of  action 
tnoald  ba  givaa  w  ihs  court  91  JMtio*  to  b«  filed,  wh«c 
ho  ebtaim  Ma  SMauaons.  Tbo  dcfaidant's  set-off  or 
AuiA  N  givoa  lo  tiba  cooit  or  hulk*  whtn  he 
«•  dM  day  ofnW  or  by  his  airMcaM. 


in  which  (he  defendant  may  be  arrttttd,  and 
also  cases  where  his  goods  and  effects  mny  be 
alta<M,  and  also  (he  munev  and  properly  due 
him  from  persons  indeUed  (o  him  or  having 
such  properly,  may  be  (tken  or  retained. 

These  forms  of  process  are  described  under 
Arhkst  and  Attaoimknt  above. 

Wilnnttt  may  6t  ivmptlltd  lo  attend  and 
give  their  evidence.  The  party  desiring  (heir 
evidence  should  give  their  names  to  (he  court 
or  justice  and  request  him  lo  subpoena  (hem  for 
(lie  (rial ;  and  if  (hey  fail  (o  a((end,  he  should 
rrquvs(  (he  court  (o  compel  (heir  aKendanic, 
which  is  done  by  adaching  them  and  bringing 
them  forcibly  into  court,  there  to  answer  for 
their  contempt  or  excuse  it,  and  give  their  evi- 
dence in  the  case  js  well. 

Every  person  offered  as  a  witnifss  must  be 
affirmed  or  sworn  before  giving  any  testimony. 
Haw  (•  Try  isst  Aetion  or  Bptlt. 

On  the  day  of  trial  the  party  may  conduct 
his  own  suit  or  defense,  or  have  an  attorney  or 
other  compe(en(  person  do  to  for  him. 

If  a  pDr(y  is  under  iwenty-oiie  yean  of  age, 
he  must  sue  or  defend  by  guaidian  or  next 
friend.  (The  court  will  attend  (o  (his  upon  (he 
suggesdon  of  any  person.) 

All  parties  should  be  in  prompt  attendance 
at  (he  (ime  fixed  for  (rial  (and  in  no  event  later 
(han  within  one  hour  (hereaf(er,  (hough  in  some 
cases  (his  will  he  (o<>  la(e) 

Trial  kjr  Jlmrf. 

Ifet  jury  it  dtnrtd  by  ei(her  party,  such  party 
should  reques(  it  of  (he  court  or  ju!-'>ice,  who 
issues  a  summons  or  venire  for  (he  number  of 
jurors  re<]uirrJ  by  law  or  agreed  on  by  (he 
parties. 

When  it  is  time  for  (he  jurors  to  appear  their 
names  are  called  out  by  the  officer,  and  they 
are  seated  together  and  sworn  for  the  purpose  of 
ascertaining  (heir  competency  !o  sit  in  (he  case. 

If  (here  are  persons  upon  (he  jury  that  a 
party  would  rather  dispense  with,  he  can  re- 
quest the  court  or  jusuoe  to  excuse  them  from 
serving.  The  number  of  objections  are  limi(ed, 
and  therefore  a  party  should  discreedy  choose 
(he  most  objectionable  persons  firs(. 

The  jury  will  then  be  sworn  by  the  court  or 
justice,  and  hear  the  proofs  and  allegations  of 
parties,  and  after  (he  court's  remarks  or  charge, 
if  there  be  any,  they  redre  and  agree  upon  their 
verdict,  and  return  jt  to  the  court,  and  the  court 
thereupon  gives  judgment  accordingly. 
•Trtal  V  tl>*  C'MirS. 

Jf  a  jury  is  ned  desired  by  either  party,  the 
parties,  if  present,  submit  (heir  proon  by  wi(- 
nesset  or  other  (esdmony,  and  make  wha(ever 
argument  they  wish  to,  and  thereupon  the  court 
or  justice  finds  for  the  party  having,  in  his 
opinion,  the  preponderance  or  greater  weight 
of  evidence  to  support  his  side  of  the  cose,  and 
renders  and  enters  judgment  accordingly. 
Thm  tMW  Mndl  B^ldlessc*. 
For  points  in  (he  vuious  subjecdi  concerning 

ACCXX7NT8,    BILLS,     BOMDS,   NOTES,  KVIDSMCX, 
CONTRACTS,  etc.,  etc. 
See  Index  to  Law,^/. 


m^mn 


COLLRCTTOM  OP  CLAIMS,  IjIUBTS  AMD  DtMANDt. 


•  Mmirf. 

If  tkt  d«(«it<i«n$,  b«tng  Mfved  wtih  •  ium- 
worn,  ntgtectt  lo  Appear,  th«  coutt  or  ju*i{c« 
wDI  procwcd  to  htttr  the  prooli  of  th*  pUmiiff, 
■ind  givo  luilgment  thor«oa. 

The  pbintifT'i  accouiil,.  tntt,  bond,  cUim,  de- 
mand, note,  or  oth«r  cauM  of  kition,  and  dr 
r«ndant'»  mati«r«  of  dcfeiiiM),  when  required  bf 
th«  \%w,  ibe  court  or  juuicc  nr  pl.tinnrt',  b«ing 
filed  and  their  *>ib«(ari.ce  or  copy  (ntared  tw 
Ihs  j'.4«(ice  on  bU  dock«t  or  record,  the  plaintin 
proc'iKti  and  pr^ive*  hi*  accouiu,  devnand, «r(c., 
hf  luc)*  proob  M  i»  neCR*iMvry,  and  the  defend- 
ant, oiv  the  cloae  of  rhe  pUmtifT'ii  evidence, 
produce*  hia  proof*,  in  case  h<i  ha»  Any,  to  de' 
leat,  le)i'«n,  or  m'h^ify  the  ptaiiulif'i  demandi 
or  charge*  ag«in«t  him. 

Wheri  a  d«fen<iant  ettabliahen  a  ttVoll  equiit 
nr  f  iceeding  ik«  ulainiifT'*  claim,  judgmmit  will 
(>e  revidered  in  hit  favor,  and  alto  for  the  4oitU 
of  thl«  »uit.  But  if  it  lj<a  fur  ieii  th'«n  (he  plain- 
tiffs claim,  the  p'aintiff  will  have  judgment  for 
the  rmtdue  and  atto  for  co»t<i. 

When  ihf  defendant'*  cte.enw  defant*  the 
lilalnilff't  •]!aiin  only,  jtidgment  wilt  he  in  the 
defendant's  favor  for  co«t». 

ff  ihe  plaiaiilT  faiU  to  appear  on  the  day  of 
triaL^  the  caae  may  be  diamlMed  with  ooato ;  and 
If  the  defendant  have  it.  set-off,  this  na.y  be 
proven  tciid  iudjimeirit  obuined. 

If  the  defenaknt  ikils  to  appear  on  the  day 
of  trial,  (he  pUintlflT  will  talee  judgmetit  for  so 
much  of  his  claim  as  h«  proves,  for  thr  fill) 
amonnr.  of^t^,  although  It  really  excM'd  his  ^mt 
dues. 

A  trtfll  mmjr  Im  etid^oanMid  fc  -  anwisonetble 
time  by  consent  of  parties,  or  on  the  appUea- 
tion  and  oath  of  a  party,  oa  sufBcietit  c«twe,  wi, 
the  absfcnee  of  a  mat«rial  witness  or  testimcny, 
etc.,  but  the  application  should  Im  made  bwfora 
proseeding  to  Mrta), 

fM^ttsmeeil. 

Judgment  may  be  mndered  upon  (he  kdmtt- 
iiiiin  or  confession  in  aettyn  by  the  defertctant, 
or  upon  being  esUUiahe  i  by  mumpetttiit  wit- 
ne«ses. 

Judgment  may  a^  be  ni^dered  by  dismtia- 
ing  the  case  withal  stflbctiitg  itt  merilH  in  voy 
way ;  this  occtirs  where  a  plaiittiff  fiailH  to  a^ 
p«ai  itt  UritJ,  (w  iMI  the  drne  to  vki^  iN.  oen  m 


adjourned,  also  when  the  plaintlfT  dlscnnlinnci 
or  withdraws  hi*  action.  In  such  case  the  judg- 
ment is  for  colts  oaly. 

KK4MNlMaM,  •<•. 

Eaiecutlon  follows  upon  Judgncnt,  toi  favor 
of  the  lucctssful  party  In  the  action.  It  may 
issue  at  once,  in  a  few  dtf»,  weeks,  or  nionih«, 
at  ili«  ofititm  uf  the  party  succeeding  in  the  tui' 
After  a  timf  (genfiraliy  defined  by  law)  from  ik< 
date  at  Mrving  thi«  ImI  esnculion,  the  judgment, 
in  general,  rnunt  lue  revived  before  an  csevutiun 
can  isaue. 

KxictTTioN  >•  nt'tiimf  itliidi  I 

I,  AgatttM  the  goods  and  dnttela  of  the 
debtor. 

9.  Against  the  land<«  und  leaenentt  of  the 
debtor, 

3.  Against  the  brtdy  <>f  the  debtoTr  • 

4.  Againu  all  or  either  goods,  ehatttb,  leads, 
tenemenii,  and  the  ttody  of  the  dehler. 

Thk  riitsi'  MAY  «timcTUAi.  bjr  tw  lame' 
dfate  lisue  «nd  levv  ucien  whet  good*  awy  bo 
found,  and  m«yb«rnrtKera«el*(ea  bf  tlwittr,eh- 
Hient,  gwikishce,  ur  trasteeproMH. 

It  may  i^  dcfeaieri  by  the  eaempiioB  law, 
uiiftnm«Mt  or  hntoWency  Inw,  or  the  eernqptlDg 
of  the  officer  who  ifwrve*-!!. 

Thk  s<tiXiHT)  ts  WAtiK  tmNiciMiav  L«  kav- 
i)t|  «  transcript  of  the  jadfrneilf  KM  hi  the 
tme*  of  every  clerk  of  a  coait  of  ncei^  of 
«wry  county  wherein  the  Jndg««nt  dehlOT  has 
lands,  in  the  State  wLere  ihts  JtidgaMM  wu 
rendered.  (Fxecutions  mus''.  the*  br  i«MMd, 
within  say  —  years — diffenirt  lioMa  ladilir- 
enf  Stetes— or  the  judgment  eiU  4eaae  lo  be  « 
41n«  upon  the  real  cetate.) 

If  judgment  I*  rendered  in  mteHvn  State, 
lh«B,  in  iMrd«r  to  have  it  eflectnnl  in  this  State, 
sqIc  most  be  krought  on  it,  and  (hen  opon  jadg- 
msnt  on  itich  judgmctit,  a  filing  of  trantcripls 
in  the  offices  of  ckrks  of  court»c7  record  In  eiwh 
coanty  whnv  the  Jebtor  koa  lands,  dfccts  a 
lira  ns  above  ii*«ted,  wherever  filed. 

TH«  THtlD  IWAXLOWIDIN  CASnoVnAVO. 

FovkTK.  Execution  also  issues  against 
caud^  chone^i.  lands,  tenements  and  effects  of 
chiC  tlcbtor.  T'  ivlso  issnts  against  goods,  chat- 
tels, lamSs.  tauctoenis  (and  tne'hpij|y  of  thn  dsh- 
cor,  whenevaf  rraud  is  shown). 

See  AMtwr  fetiova.  1 


:.^^^^gg^^S^^^ 


DtMANDS. 

»h«n  (Im  pUlntllT  dl*cd«ltn«ic« 
•etiofi.    In  tuch  cm«  iU«  judg- 

CMtf. 


Jlowa  upon  ludgment,  In  favor 
I  party  in  th«  •ctiun.  It  m»y 
•  f«w  d«fi,  w<*1m,  or  month*, 
tMpnrtvtaeoMdliig  in  lh«»ui> 
mnily  d«lliMd  by  law)  from  lh« 
M  iwl  tuncnlion,  Um  judgm«nl, 
km  »tviv«d  bafotra  an  aaecutiun 


«  gootia  and  cfauala  of  the 

r  la>iA«  uiA  laiMaMnti  of  Uit 

tbrirfy  »f  the  dflbtDTr  • 

or  cithw  goods,  chatttla,  laadt, 

the  ttody  of  (ha  italMor. 

<\  i><fwmctVAthf  Ml  iam«- 

levy  tipon  what  gooda  wtKf  bo 

Ih  /nrtMr  mmUttibf  Om  altMh- 

,  w  tnmlfM  prooMi. 

!f«al«Nl  by  the  aaamption  law, 

AoWmcy  law,  or  lh«  r^rmptlDg 

lO  itWVWll. 

IS  UAOi  ONNIOWAKV  If  hiT- 

of  the  jndgMciif  KM  te  the 
clerk  of  a  court  of  Ncoi^  of 
icr«inthe  judgWitnt  dalMr  hai 
iat«  wtiera  tab  JndgiMM  «u 
rcutiont  mu*!'.  tha*  Iw  teMd, 
yeiu'« — diflcntrt  lioMea  iadilar- 
lie  jaiigmmit  «iU  taaac  lo  bt « 
«l  cMalc.) 

ia  randcRd  in  .inotfc<ir  Slate, 
>  have  it  cfleciual  in  ihia  Sialc, 
lagbt  on  it,  and  than  opon  jadg' 
iiagnent,  •  AUm  at  tnuGripUi 
:Urk3  of  couitoor  rtcord  ha  SMh 
w  itbtot  bat  laitda,  dhcta  a 
ited.  whsrrrtr  filed. 
» A^Lowm  IN  cAsu  or  nAVD. 
tccwtioa  also  ivaca  againit 
lands.  tciM»«nt>  and  cRitcta  of 
>l*o  iiasta  antimt  ^ooda,  dbat- 
BwtnSa  ((wd  iMbpdlf  of  thii  dab- 
ind  ia  ahowa). 
ibffvt. 


Summary  of  Collection  Laws 

In  the  United  State* 


Aaol««MaoMl 


-.-   -    ..    n««MM«4  Pora«Ma. 

Unitiail»m,"/M/ 


4Miiiat  fCalMta*  of 
lilie,  /wr 


•«<    liia*l*«a«|r.  —  8m  ih*t 


RnaM|ili«N  Lawa.— SMihaititU,  Aw/. 
liitardm  mmh  MMiair.— rw«  ihn  iiii«,>m/. 
LlMMMIw*  wr  A«tl*aa  wr  aeilta.    Sm  that 

tiii«,  ^r 

AI4ABAMA. 

In  If^tneral. — A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
Tor  leia  than  |ioo  may  b«  collected  In  a  Juttlce't 
Court,  exccjit  for  tortt,  when  juritdfction  ia 
limited  to  I50,  appeals  may  be  taken  to  Cir- 
cuit Court. 

'  Amtt  or  ImprlMMHiMBt  for  debt  it  nut 
allowed. 

Attrehmant  i«  allowed  again*:  Non  Reti- 
dent«.  id  againnt  Debtor*  in  cakM  uf  fraud, 
whether  the  debt  it  due  or  not, 

Pkrtlas  to  the  tuit,  or  interested  therein, 
are  competent  Wiinettet. 

CetU  of  tuit  mutt  be  tecured  in  advance, 
or  tuit  ditmitsed,  where  plaintiff  it  a  Non- 
Reaidcnt. 

It  it  at  leatt  30  Day*  betwe^  the  tervice 
of  tummont  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining  of 
jud|rniant  in  the  Circuit  Owrt,  and  3  Dayt  in 
jutticot'  Court*. 

Bsocation  may  itiue  in  the  Circuit  Court 
immediately  after  a^ioumment  uf  court,  and  in 
Justice't  Court  in  5  Days,  unlets  tuch  eaecu- 
tion  ia  itayad.  Such  ttayr  it  allowed  in  Jus- 
tices' Covftt. 

The  jvdgnMnt  of  a  Juttice  of  ihe  Ptence, 
when  a  trantcript  thereof  it  filed  in  the  office 
uf  the  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  county 
wnere  rendered,  it  a  lien  upon  the  Debtor's 
real  eatate  in  tuch  county.  The  judi^ment  it 
a  lien  upon  pettonal  property  only  auer  levy- 
ing of  a*  etMcnrjon. 

AllWIMHf  Ab 

III  MlieraL— A  «l«im.  debt  or  demand 
for  >aialhaa#ioo  any  be  eollectad  in  a  Juttioe't 
Court  when  tide  to  real  cutate  it  not  involved. 
When  over  ftrao  ia  the  Oietrict  Co 

ArrcM  AIM  Impriwmmtat  for  v.ebt  it  not 
allowed,  except  in  catei  of  fraud. 

AttAchmcat  it  allowed  against  Kon-Reti- 
denu,  and  againtt  I)ebtort  in  catea  9f  fnmd, 
whether  the  debt  it  due  or  not. 

PwUm  to  the  suit,  or  interencl  iherviD, 
are  competent  Wtneiaet. 

Couts  of  suit  must  be  secured  in  advance 
when  the  plaintiff  is  a  noo-ietidcnt,  or  a  fordgn 
corporation  if  reqnired  by  the  defendant^  or 
the  suK  will  be  dismissed. 

It  is  lit  least  10  to  40  Days  between  the 
terviee  of  suaias^s  on  the  Dnbtor  and  obtain- 
ing of  Jii4(n«Bt  in  the  Di^ict  Court,  and  a 
I^  in  Jttsticca'  Conits. 

Kxeentfon  nuqr  {Hue  at  any  time  after 
eutei^  of  Judgment,  tHiIeaa  such  executtoB 


The  Judgment  of  a  Ju«tlce  of  the  Paac«t 
when  a  tran>M.ii|K  thereof  it  filed  in  the  office 
of  the  Clerk  ot  the  District  Court  of  the  county 
where  rendered,  i*  a  lien  upon  the  Debtor'* 
real  estate  in  tath  county.  The  judgment  ii  a 
lien  upon  personal  property  only  upon  the  levy 
of  an  execution. 

ARHAMIIAB. 

In  K«n«nil.— A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  leuih.in  Ijoomay  be  collected  in  a  Justice's 
Court.     When  over  |ioo  in  the  Circuit  Court. 

Arreat  and  Impriaonment  for  debt  it  not 
allowed,  exce|)(  in  ciisch  uf  fraud. 

AtMchment  i%  allowed  againit  Non-Resi> 
dentfi,  and  aKaintt  Debtor*  in  cases  of  frsud, 
whether  the  debt  ix  due  or  not. 

Partiea  to  the  null,  or  interested  thrrein, 
are  competent  Witnesses. 

Coata  of  suit  must  be  secured  by  nrm-re*i. 
dent*  in  advance,  or  the*uit  will  be  dinmissed. 

It  I*  at  leatt  10  Dayt  between  the  eer-ice  of 
summons  on  the  Debtor  and  oblhiiing  of 
JisdgmeBt  in  the  Circuit  Court,  and  'j  Days  ia 
JuttTces'  Courts  where  the  amount  'does  not 
eaceed  $$0. 

Execution  may  issue  in  the  Circuit  Court 
after  entering  of  judgment,  and  in  Justice's 
unleu  such  execution  is  stayed. 

The  judgment  of  a  Justice  of  the  Pe-tce, 
when  a  trantcript  thereof  is  filed  in  the  office 
of  the  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  county 
where  rendered,  is  a  lien  upon  the  Debtor's 
real  estate  in  such  county.  The  judgment  ia 
a  lien  upon  personal  property  only  upon  levy 
of  an  execution. 

rAuvmiiriA. 

In  general.— A  claim,  debt  cr  demand 
for  less  than  $v»  may  be  lollected  te  a  Juttice'a 
Court,  and  when  over  |joo  ia  the  Superior 
Court. 

Arraat  and  Impriaoaiaent  for  debt  is  not 
allowed,  except  in  cases  of  fnuid  or  intended 
removal  from  State. 

AttAchment  is  allowed  agalart  NoaRcsi- 
dents,  ard  against  Debton  in  cam  of  fraud, 
whether  the  debt  is  due  or  not 

PartlM  tu  the  suit,  or  inlcrMted  therein,  are 
«ompeteiit  Witnesses. 

Coatt  cf  suit  matt  be  secured  In  advan<« 
when  the  plaintifi  it  a  non-reti<!«nt,  or  a  foreign 
corporation  wher.  reouirsd  ny  the  defendant,  or 
the  suit  will  he  dismissed. 

It  U  at  least  10  to  6ft  Days  hetwaea  the 
servicfe  of  sammows  on  thie  Debtor  and  obuda* 
ing  of  Juagmeat  ia  Oe  SapMior  Court,  aads 
Days  in  Justices'  Courts. 

Bxecutioo  mav  issue  from  the  SuperlorCoot 
altar  entorlng  of  Jadgmeirt. 


i!  /  • 


ift  OOLLICTIOH  or  <  ^1  ' 

Tti*  Jwigmenl  of  ■  IwUUa  of  lK«  |>MiH. 
whan  an  •iMrtci  thcr«ai  to  MmI  m%  ttmoiai 
in  (h«  oflica  of  Ibn  KMonltr  of  iIm  «n«fM 
wh*r«  r*n<l«rt<{,  I*  •  lien  upon  Ihe  i)for4 
reftl  MUle  In  iuch  eoitii<x.  Th«  Judgmeni  ii  • 
lt«n  u|ion  p«r»o«i«l  |>rr>{wrt]r  only  on  tvvjring 
o(  an  •i«cu(l»n. 

In  gCnlTUl.—A   claim.  d«l>»  or  d«m«ii  ' 
for  ItM  Ihiin  fjoo  mty  bt  cullccltd  in  •  Juolicc 
Court.     When  l<  <*  ilian  |a,ooo  in  (ht  County 
Court.     Wh«n  ovi-  #joo  in  iht  DiMrict  Cottff. 

Arrvat  or  ImflaonnMfii  for  dcbi  It  icot 
•tlowed,  ncept  ii«  cases  at  fraod, 

Attachmant  •«  alkiwad  again**   Nonkn 
4«nM,  Foreign  C*  rpomlionf,  and  ■gainst  Oabi 
on  in  caaaa  of  ^ud,  wbaltnei  >h«  debt  la  diu 
or  not. 

PartlM  totVt  fttit,  or  iBt«rM(<><)  (hcr«fo,  art 
competenl  Wlineaaaa. 

Cost*  of  v«iit  muM  b«  aecurcd  in  advanct, 
or  th«  luii  will  lie  dUmiaaed. 

It  ia  at  ifmnit  to  >  40  Uayt  betwean  the  Mr- 
vice  of  lummoiiii  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining 
of  JudcnwMit  in  the  Dittricl  or  County  Court, 
and  5  to  I  s  Uikf*  in  lusticea'  Courb>. 

Bxvcmton  may  u^ue  in  JbMicea',  County 
and  1  'ijtnct  Oiurta  afier  entering  of  judgment. 

The  Judgment  of  a  Justice  of  the  I'eace, 
when  a  lran»><'ript  thrreol  i«  filed  in  the  ojftce  of 
Ihe  Records  f  of  the  county  where  rendered, 
ia  a  lien  upon  the  Delitrir's  real  estate  in 
auch  county.  The  iudgmeni  t»  a  lien  upon  per- 
aonal  property  imij  upon  levy  of  an  execu- 
tion. 

In  i|«)neral.— A  claim,  debt  or  dmaand 
for  lea*  than  |ioo  may  be  collccte<l  in  a  Justice's 
Court.  When  less  than  fsoo  in  liartf»rd. 
New  London  and  Fairfield  c<  nties,  and  leu 
than  |l,ooo  in  New  Haven  cuuniy,  in  the 
Common  Pleaa  Court.  City  Court*  alto  vary 
in  jurisdiction.  The  Superior  Court  it  not  lim- 
ited in  amount. 

Arrest  and  ImpriMmnMnt  for  deH  to 
allowed  in  cases  of  fraud  and  torta. 

Altacbnmnt  ia  allowed. 

PutiM  to  the  tuit,  or  iatareated  tJtereiii, 
are  competent  Witneaaaa. 

Co«t«  of  salt  mutt  be  aecarad  In  advanc*, 
or  the  toit  will  be  diamiaaed. 

It  ia  at  leaat  IS  Dayt  betwrtn  the  lervica  of 
summont  on  the  Debtor  and  ohtainiag  of 
todcBient  in  tli«  Superior,  CouMaon  Pieu,  or 
Dittrict  Court,  and  6  Daya  ia  Jnallcca'  Cooitt. 

BsMvtion  may  faauc  in  any  CcNtrt  after  en- 
taring  of  jadgoMat.  The  ladgoMnt  to  alian 
vpon  paaonal  property  ealy  woo  kvy,  aad 
upon  nal  tatatt  upon  fillag«Mtmoata  of  reoord. 
llta  latter  auy  m  fMadoiad  aa  a  motlgage. 

•AxnvAt'' v#nra» 

In  gtmtnim—SMxki  Cowta  have  an- 
VmUai  JariadiGtiaii ;  Jiutieaa*  Conrta  whim 
Milt  is  fHt  over  4«00k  and  no  raahy  in  ditpnte. 

AltMt  and  lapdhoniant  for  debt  la  not 
aUowad.  ttflefit  in  caaea  of  fraud. 

jlwadw— t  ia  allo«ri8  agaiait  Non-Rail. 


DEBTS  AND   DEMANIH 

daata,  and  againai  Dthtor*  m  «aaaa  <     fta«t 
whether  tb    Mbt  la  dw  or  mX. 

Parti.  ,  M  Ihe  salt  or  idtaraai  <  llllliv 
irc  i.unii'«;teill  Wifiirsucs. 

'"-m^  if  tuit  m  «t  be  laeurad  in  advaaea 
if      r«m.l«d,  «r  lh«  fait  will  fc«  dlaini«Md. 

i  it  at  l««it  30  Dayc  tivtwatn  ')•.  ^ce  «| 
t«MiMMH>-  ih«l>«b|or  andobtainii)^  1  Judf  ■ 
■UHlf  in  liistrMtCear'  )  j  (•  v«  In  Jaa> 
til  in»ii«. 

«4M:ution  may  ii«>iie  in   District  ai\4  Jafc 
iices'  C\>urts  silaroMariiM  of  ludginaat 

The  JadgtiMM  of  •  jMiice  of  rha  fttm 
wh«a  a  Irwn  <  "Id  thereof  Is  filed  ia  tiM  aA>:« 
of  the  Clerk. !  ih  DHnictCowt  ofMiiaaaaaiy 
wli  rendered,  ^  a  lien  upon  she  ^^pt'i 
raal  .mat*  In  su.  "unty.  The  l«d^«MM  k 
a  H  per*  i)r«>|>frty  ooqr  upon  levy 

of  Ml  eti        •»> 

»«I.AWAnB. 

In  gVi%         t|.— A  claim,  debt  or  dr. 

foi   ••■«  •    .         o  may  be  ("tllecied  In  a  J 
Couii  <vwr$MO  <n  the  Superior     ..u' 

Arreai.  ».     ebl  la  allowed  in  c**rt  of  Irauu. 

Attachment  la  allowed  against  Non- Real- 
dents,  and  »i;ainM  Debtor*  in  caaea  of  fraad^ 
whriher  the  debt  is  dae  or  not 

Partiaa  tnieresled  in  the  mit,  or  non-reai 
dents,  are  competent  wiinetaea. 

Coata  of  sail  must  be  secured  in  advance, 
or  the  sui>,  will  bedi^'tnitscd. 

It  it  at  least  lijt  Days  l>elween  the  service  of 
summont  on  Ihe  I>et>tor  and  obtaining  of  Jadg* 
,  moBt  in  the  Supreme  Court,  and  I  to  1 5  Dayt 
in  Juslicea'  Cuurla. 

Biactttioa  may  istoe  after  entering  of  Judg- 
ment. 

The  Judgment  reooverad  in  a  Superior 
Court,  from  the  lime  of  entry  ia  a  lien  upon 
ttiC  i>blor'a  real  eatate  in  such  county.  The 
Judgnixnt  it  a  lien  upon  peraonat  pn>perty  only 
upon  the  levy  of  an  eaecution. 

wmrmtvtmw  c«i.;d«ma. 

In  (eneral. — A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  Ina  uutn  $  i(»  aaay  be  coUecled  In  a  Juatice'a 
Court.  MThen  over  I50  li\  the  Supreme  <  joort 
of  the  District. 

Afraat  or  Imptiaonmant  for  ddit  to  aot 
allowed. 

Attaehment  to  allowed  imlnit  Debtor*  ia 
eaics  of  fraud,  whether  the  oebt  to  due  or  net, 

Pattiaa  to  Ihe  ituit,  or  intareatad  Ibertin, 
are  competent  Witnett*^*. 

Coata  of  BuU  muit  be  aecand  in  advaaoe  ia 
Justices'  Courts,  or  Uie  salt  will  be  dlimliaad, 
and  so  on  denMnd  in  Cirodt  Couit. 

<  It  it  at  least  ao  Day*  between  the  serviee  of 
sammonton  the  Debtor  aad  obtatniag  of  Jvda- 
meat  in  the  Supreme  Cout,  aad  $  Days  w 
Jntticet'  Cottrta. 

Baweution  BMy  iasnc  in  (ba  SaprtaM 
Coon  after  catering  of  Jadgmedt,  Aad  in  JnO' 
tioea'  Covtt  ia  4  Daya,  anleia  sncb  eaecutioa 
fa  stayed.  Saeb  stay  to  allowed  iajvsticai^ 
Coattioaly. 


lUN  or  ClJ^iMii.  UCBTH  AND  DBMANOiL 


L 


V'»  JadMaeal  of  a  Justice  of  the   PWace, 

/h«<.  tn  abstract  th«re<M  is  l)l«A  in  the  iHice 
f  the  Clerk  of  th*  rmuii  Cutwi  of  the  uu«ty 
■vh^re  rendered,  cs>'<  'itiun  will  issuw  upon  the 
i;«Mor'treal  estate  lit  >ii  )<  iinly  The  judg- 
ment la  a  lien  upon  |h  >  t  pnperty  only 
iiiion  levy  of  an  esscuiioh 

ri,«na»A. 

In  fttn«»rAl.  -A  datm,  d> 
tir  less  than  Jioo  may  !<>■  ilU 
tice's  Court      The  Circuit  <    >u 

Arreet  for  <labt  ts  not  allt>W' 

Attaabmenl  is  allowed  sgn  .r«  la 

cases  of  fraud,  whether  Ihe  dtlx  >r  not. 

Partiaa  to  the  suit,  or  Ini  therein, 

sre  competent  Witnisais. 

Coeta  of  suit  must  he  secure  1  m  advance, 
•>r  the  suit  will  be  dismlMed. 

It  Is  at  l"att  10  I>jy*  bef.irc  time,  esclualva 
at  rule  day  afterward,  between  'he  tervicc  of 
■ummont  on  the  Debtor  and  ->hialnj«g  of 
iudgmant  in  Ihe  Circuit  Court,  and  10  Days 
III  lustiest'  Courts. 

Biaeation  may  issue  in  any  Court  after  en- 
tering of  judgment. 

The  Judgment  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
whan  a  transcript  thereof  is  filed  in  Ihe  Clerk's 
ifiice  of  Ihe  County  where  rendered,  la  a  lien 
upon  the  Debtor's  real  estate  in  such  county. 
Ihe  judgment  it  a  lien  upon  (^rsonal  property 
iiiily  upon  levy  of  an  e.xeculion 
OBOnCIIA. 

In  ffcncral.— I.esa  ihaa  lioo  may  ba 
coiieeted  in  a  luatice't  Court.  Not  less  thaa 
I50  nor  over  Ijoo  in  a  County  Court.  The 
Superior  Court  hat  general  jurisdiction. 

Arroat  for  delH  is  not  allowed. 

Attachment  is  allowed  agalnal  Non-Resl- 
denis,  and  against  Debtor*  In  oaaes  of  fraud, 
whether  the  debt  is  due  or  not. 

Partiea  to  the  tuit,  or  interested  therein, 
sre  competent  Witneaacf 

Coata  of  tuii  mus'  «  seoared  in  advance 
only  when  demand 

It  to  at  least  ir  ys  between  the  aervice  of 
(in^mon*  oh  ih  Debtor  and  obtaining  of 
udtrment  in  the  Superior  Court,  in  Savannah 
City  Court  io  Dayt,  Atlanta  City  Coort  1$ 
Uav'i.  and  10  Oaya  in  Jutticet'  Courts. 

Biaention  may  lasae  in  any  Coort  after 
entr]^  of  judgment,  unless  stayed.  Judraicnt 
it  generalpfoperty ci Defendant,  except choaea 
in  action,  and  ou  these  irom  date  of  levy, 
judgment  in  Justice's  Court  mast  be  recorded 
in  onlc'.j  of  Clerhof  Supreme  Court  in  10  Days. 
■»!■•. 

In  K«n«ml.— A  claim,  debt  or  demand  for 
less  tl>uui  |«oo  may  tio  cJtected  h  a  Justice's 
<^ourt,  Wbea  Ijoo  or  less  in  the  Piobate 
Court.  When  over  f  1 ,000  In  the  DUtrict  Court. 

Arroat  and  Impriaenment  for  debt  to 
allowed  in  cases  of  fraud. 

AtU«bment  is  allowed  againat  N(  i-Reti. 
denu,  and  iigtinsi  Resident*  in  case  of  nn- 
tecured  contract  debts. 

Partiea  to  the  suit,  or  interested  therein, 
are  conpetem  Witnesses. 


Caata  nf  suit  must  be  secure«f  In  advaaei^ 
or  Ihe  salt  mtiII  be  dismiited, 

l>  Is  at  least  10  t.>  m  Itnyt  lieiween  Ihe 
'«ervi««  of  sumiMfins  on  the  Delitor  and  obtain- 
>na  of  judgment  in  Ihe  iMslrtct  t.'ourt,  and 
J  n.i'«  in  luMlcns'  (ourts, 

Bueeutton  may  losve  In  any  Court  after  aa- 
teriiig  uf  judgment. 

The  Judgment  of  a  Jusiirc  nf  the  PeacMt, 
when  an  sbsir«il  th«>rcrif  Is  tile<l  and  recordod 
la  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  District  Court  of 
tha  county  where  rendered,  It  a  Hen  ufiun  Ihe 
Dt^r'i  r*«l  fatal*  in  tuch  county.  The 
Judgment  ia  a  lien  u|ion  personal  property  only 
upon  l«vy  of  en  eaecull  n  or  aitachmenl. 
■  LMKOIM. 
•N  V«N«r«l.— a  clal-n  il*h<  or  dtnund  tot  l<M* 
|h«i  «*»  may  bs  coIIwikI  m  «  ju<il<;*'«  C>>urt  Wlwn 
!•••  ihun  |i..»a  In  Cuuiii)r  C..ii..|  '1  Im  Circuii  Cuuris 
■  >•  unliinlisil 

Arreai  and  Impriaonment  for  debt  to 
allowed  In  canes  »f  Iraud. 

Attachment  is  allowed  *g«insi  Non-Reti- 
dents,  and  against  DclMort  in  cas«s  of  fraud, 
whether  the  atiil  it  due  or  not. 

Partiaa  lo  the  suit,  or  Interested  therein,  sre 
ct>ni|ielent  Wiine*««s. 

Coata  of  suit  must  he  secured  In  advance, 
or  the  suit  will  be  dismissed. 

It  is  at  l«a«t  to  Days  Iwlweem  ih«  service 
of  K  Mirona  o«  Ihe  Debtor  and  otMaining  uf 
judgment  in  a  Court  of  Record,  and  j  Daya 
in  lust  ices'  Court*. 

fcaeeution  may  laauo  from  Courts  of  rce« 
ord  any  time  alter  entering  of  judgment,  and 
in  Jusilce't  Court  after  ao  Dayt,  except  in 
special  enicrgeneles. 

The  judg-.entofa  Justice  of  ihe  Peace,  when 
a  t>  •ntcrioi  thereof  is  filed  In  the  office  of  the 
Clerk  it  ine  Circuit  Court  of  the  county  where 
rendered,  is  a  lien  upon  the  Debtor's  real  estate 
in  such  county.  ThejudgmenttoaUanuponrx-r- 
tonal  proper^  only  upon  levy  of  aa  eaacullon. 
IMDIAMA. 

In  (CnenU. — a  claim,  deU,  or  demand 
for  leas  than  |30o  may  be  collected  in  a  Juttlcc't 
Court.    The  Circuit  CourU  are  unlimited. 

Arraat  for  debt  to  not  allowed  except  in 
case*  of  actual  fraud. 

Aitacbnaat  to  allowed  against  Non-Rcsi- 
denu.  and  Debtors  concealiug  thcmteWet  to 
that  tervice  caaaot  b«  had  on  them  wb-;n  Ihe 
debt  N  due. 

Partiaa  to  the  suH,  ot  inter.  Hcd  therein, 
are  compa^mt  Witneasas. 

Coata  of  salt  ainat  *^  tsared  iu  advance,  or 
rait  dtomtosed,  ia  Cii  Court  if  plaintiff  i*  a 
Non-Resident  of  Slal«,  o.  in  Justice's  Custrt  if 
plaintUr  is  Nots-Realdeat  of  the  county.  CosU 
not  required  lo  be  secured  in  other  cfouits. 

At  least  ID  Days  in  Circuit  and  ]t  In  Juiiice's 
Cbart  must  intervene  between  ttummons  and 
judgment.  In  Justices'  Courts  execution  may 
issae,  unless  stayed,  in  4  to  10  Daya  after 
Judgment. 

A  transcript  of  a  Tustict  jf  the  Peace  Judg- 
ment, filed  in  Cirevit  Court  of  any  coantyTv 
a  lien  on  Debter**  real  estate  in  Mid  covaif. 


* 


1 


ll 


GOLLBCTWN  Of  CLAIM*.  DFBt*   AND  DlMAll^ 


K  ^ad^mtut  k  •  Nm  tM  pttw>*«liy  imif  (torn 
lll«  Hum  •MCMituM  (MM  iMu  ik«  IummU  u(  i^ 


hr  Um  it>*'«  ••*»  in.y  h«  «ollt««"  l"»  •  ]«• 
iwa  *  <  ouii  i  It  C'«*«w«,  Jim.      TK*  tMiirkt 
•ml  «  wcttit  t  .>«rt»  K«»«  uiJimti*.!  iariMlielluw. 
AnvM   Mi4    Impriaonmant    lur  UcM   It 
lHi(  i!ll.i««d.  t«:«|i«   in  <•*«  "*   fruttil,  •i«l  III 

Atiachmani  t»  •llo**'!  •f*!"**  N..n  Rwl- 
iknw,  »ii'l  *i£*ii»»l  l)«li*or»  In  cm—  lA  fraud, 
irluHhar  ih«  a«tN  U  (U«  or  luX. 

Pani««  «•  tK«  •uti,  or  lni«rMit<l  ilMniii.  Ma 
CiMniKrirni  Wlln«M«« 

Coats  of  MiM,  vtMtn  latiiKiff  !•  •  Nun  RmI- 
d«m  mav  ht  MCI"  «<t  In  nHvanca,  In  CirarU  of 
g«fl«.al  (un*<l)cliun,  «H«a  rci|ulr«il.  or  Ihfl  MiH 
'  will  b«  aitmlMad— not  In  J«m(Icm'  Court*. 

It  U  kl  Imu  io  to  W  Diipm  brtwttn  lh« 
wrvtc*  a(  •iimiifMi*  un  th«  Uaibtor  and  wfautn- 
ln(  of  Judgmant  m  Iha  Dtotrlct  «nd  Circuit 
Ciuru,  aixis  lo  I)  Dayi  la  Jiuikai'  CouHt. 

Baacution  nuy  Imu*  In  anjr  Ctwrt  after  tn> 
(•nag  of  jiuigmani,  unJaaa  Mi«k  ettvaliaii  I* 
Maved. 

Tha  judgmant  of  a  Jiwilca  of  iha  Paact, 
of  tha  U  H.  UUtrlct  and  of  tha  U.  S.  Circuit 
Court,  whan  •  rraoacrlpi  ll  "rtof  ii  Altd  In  tha 
ofHca  of  Iha  t;krk  of  ih«  Siaia  UUtrict  Court  of 
tha  coMnly  whara  randartd,  la  a  llan  utmn  tha 
DaUor'a  raat  aaiaia  m  tuvh  county.  Iha 
ludgmanl  It  a  lien  u|»<m  partanat  propartjr  only 
apon  lav/  of  an  caacution. 


lu  ff«ner»l.— A  cUlm,  dcht  m  damanil 
for  lata  than  Itoo  may  ba  collactc  In  a  Jut- 
tiw't  Court,     ilia  Dittrict  Court  it  •itllmUa«J. 

Arraat  ht  datai  la  not  aHowad  eicapl  In 
C«t«t  of  fraud. 

Attachmant  la  aHowad  again«l  Non  Rati- 
dantt,  and  againti  Dahton  in  eatat  of  fraud, 
whether  tha  dabt  la  dua  or  not. 

Partiaa  to  tha  tuk,  or  IntaraMad  tharain, 
are  ompctcni  Witnanat. 

Coata  uf  tult  mutt  ba  tacurad  In  advanea, 
or  tha  *uii  will  ba  ditatlMad. 

It  it  at  laatt  to  to  te  Daft  bclwaaM  tha 
•arvica  »t  tummom  on  tha  Debtor  and  obtain- 
ing of  Judfiaant  in  tha  Dlttrict  Court,  and  j 
lo  I  a  Dayt  In  Jualicaa'  Courto. 

Bstcution  may  iiaaa  hi  any  Court  after  an* 
taring  of  judgmant,  rnitsM  wch  anacation  it 
Marad. 

Tha  JudgMam  «/  a  Jtwtica  of  tha  Vmn, 
whan  an  abtlraet  or  traiMcrlpi  thereof  la  Ma4 
«  Iha  oHlca  of  tha  Qlark  of  tha  Dittrtat  Omt 
of  tha  coanljr  whara  wndeiad,  ia  a  Man  apMi 
Iha  Dabtor*!  real  atitta  In  each  county.  Tha 
|«dg«attt  la  a  llan  upon  pmnnal  IvoMHy  tnVf 
•pon  lavjr  of  Mfi  aaaentkm. 


la, 

ktbm 


_.,  „  daiiB,  dabt  or  4anun4 


Han't  Om  in  wif  e»«»»y  ••  «M  »»ala.  In 
Qiiartwitf  Caurta  whan  leaa  than  $M>o.  Tha 
ttreu*  CnwrU  -re  u«li.n»M<l  (aacaiM  where 
jutiailtcuon  la  given  eiclutiraljr  M  aiMMher 
Conn) 
Arrant  •ji4   Imprlaaanant  fw  «Wm  h 

allowed  In  <  ii>«*  iil  ftauH 

Atlnahmant  I*  allowed  agalnet  Nan  Real 
denu,  |''c»«i||ii  CiirpiraluiiM,  aic,  and  auain*! 
DelUurt  in  taaaa  of  fraud,  whether  ih«  JeU  i< 
due  m  not. 

Pnrtian  to  the  tuH,  or  iatareaiad  therein,  »i* 
(oni|iaieiil  Wilnetaea. 

G^aln  of  luit  muat  ha  tacurad  Is  advanci, 
or  the  tun  will  be  di«mlttad. 

ll  U  ti  Ivati  IO  III  60  Da**  helw<^  Ihe  i«t 
vice  of  onrnnwHM  on  the  Dablof  a»>l  tibtainlnf 
of  Judfinar.t  m  iHe  iircui*  CouM,  *4id  5  L)ayt 

In  JUMICV*    l.'lXHi*. 

Ban«ttti<Mii  ntay  ittna  In  10  Daya  aiker  en. 
lering  uf  judgment,  unlaaa  t«ch  aaacuilon  i> 
Mayed. 

The  Judiiment  of  Ihe  Circuit  Court  la  a  ticn 
uprHi  the  UaMiar'a  real  aetata  In  tuch  countjr 
l^e  ludgninni  («  a  lien  ujion  paiaonal  property 
only  upur  levy  of  an  eaecuilon* 
lAVHUAMA. 

lu  B«ii«r»l.— Jueikea'  Co«»H  and  In 
New  tjrieans  .ity  Court*  have  Jurledktion 
where  ckim  is  not  over  f  100.  I)i*irict  and 
|u«tlcc*'  ( 'uurt*  concurrent  In  ctaimt  over  $y* 
and  let*  than  lioo.  in  New  OrUani.  and  in 
Sui*  the  Uiwrict  Court  baa  aaclutive  joricdic- 
ti«»«i  til  claimt  over  f  luo. 

Anraat  for  debt  ia  allowed  anty  to  **• 
cure  the  parton  of  tha  Debtor  lo  *o«wer  the 
luii. 

Attachmant  la  aUowc<l  againat  Debion 
in  catrt  uf  fraud,  whether  tha  dabt  la  due  or 
mil, 

Paftiaa  to  the  tult,  -n  Inlereitad  therein,  art 
ciimpcieni  Witnetact. 

Coat*  of  tult  mutt  be  tecured  In  advance, 
or  the  tult  will  be  diimltted. 

It  it  at  leati  to  Dayt  between  the  tervlce  of 
•ummont  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining  of 
ludgimaMt  In  tha  Dlttrict  Court,  and  (  Dayt 
In  lutlicct'  Conrt*. 

BiinatitlM  may  Imm  In  tha  F'«lrict  Cmh 
In  J  to  to  Day*  after  anta<)i.^  4  ludgmant. 
and  in  Jutticc't  Co»'.  It  j^ti^\tiil<m  audi 
eiccwlon  I*  ttayed. 

The  Judgment  ii'  a  Jiisli«e  cf  tlm  Peac^ 
whan  a  tramcripi  ilmrn*^  h  Clrt'  in  tha  «li« 
of  the  Qark  of  Ihe  DiMrietCoaH  of  the  eount« 
where  wndared.  ia  a  1/  v  wpa  Ih*  Dehlor't 
real  aeiate  In  Mich  onnnly.  the  Judgment  U  a 
liatt  upon  paiwmal  proparty  only  npon  levy  of 
an  aaeculkm, 

■Awai 

In  gen«f«l.— A  claln*.  MA  w  demand 
for  Inm  than  >ao  may  ba  collected  in  n  ln«- 
Ika't  Court.  Whan  in  Cwnhafland  and  K*n> 
Mhac  countie*  for  f  to  to  f^  iN  the  Sn|Mr|M 
Conrt.  When  uecr  fijoo  m  ih*  8npf»ima  Ja 
dicial  Court. 


'f' 


xmam 


tv'mimmiM>iimji,MMim^S,,M$iik:^ 


**•»- 


MMMWI 


mxmmmmmm 


ooLLicnoN  or  ci-aim«.  vvten  and  dimaiiwl 


A  ^iilfit  It  «  lUn  Ml  panoMhy  mIj  from 
*•  llm*  •■•cmloH  (.  tM*  Into  Ui«  Wuul*  uC  tka 


la  v«n«na.— '  iUi««.  '»••<  «*  *w»f»4 

I'W  l«M  «h«n  lioo  ■'  y  N  «JUc»«J  m  •  Ju« 
|ic«'»  <  oun  i  t>y  c.m,«nl,  |lOO,  T*  .  Dtdrict 
•imI  <  iftuM  t:i.uri»  h»»c  uiJtmllol  joriMllcUo*. 
Am«l  sail  ImpriAonmant  fur  atlit  It 
n.4  »llow«.|,  tKfi*  in  ««•«»  'rf  fr««»«l.  •'<«♦  '" 
|«ii««««linK«  «4|»(»l«m«m«l  lo  •i««qlt<Hi. 

Ali«chm«nl  t«  •IU>««'<  »(|«in»»  N'>n  R««l- 
«l«nu,  •ml  «|/*ni»t  I)«blor»  tn  ca*«i  o(  fr»«i«l, 
«h«<h«r  ih«  iI«lK  U  ilu«  or  not. 

F«nt««  to  ih«  •uti,  or  inicf(Mt«<l  iMnrlii,  u* 
Cump«trn(  Wiln««M«. 

CoaU  at  tuM,  »h«fi  |>ls)nllff  i«  •  Non-RMt- 
dent  mmj  ht  »»eiirri\  \n  <Mlv»nc«.  In  Coortt  of 
(•n«.«l  lunMlittliu.t,,  when  required,  or  iht  wit 
will  b«  dltoiiaMil— not  In  Jwrtic**'  (  uurt*. 

Il  U  m  Im(I  io  lo  lo  IHp  hatwMH  iha 
MTvic*  of  •ummoiiii  on  ih«  Uauor  «ml  obtkin- 
ing  of  Judcmant  in  tha  DUlrici  «nd  Ctrcull 
Court*.  «n«r$  to  1}  Day*  in  JuwIcw*  Court*. 

Bsccutlon  MAj  iMue  In  »ny  Co«rt  »ft«r  «n- 
(•ring  of  ;u«lgm«n(«  unl«M  tuch  ek«cttlio«  i» 
tlnyed. 

Th«  Judgmtnl  of  *  Ju»llc«  of  lh«  Ptnce, 
of  tha  U  S.  DUtrid  nnd  tj  th«  U.  H.  Circuit 
Court,  wh«n  »  iranacripi  tl  -rtof  i»  filtd  In  th« 
office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Sl*>e  UUrict  Court  of 
the  county  where  rendered,  U  •  lien  upcm  the 
Debtor'*  ran)  ealnt*  in  *uch  county.  The 
judgment  I*  •  lien  upon  pnnonal  property  only 
upon  levy  of  an  CKecmion. 

KAlMAa. 

lu  trener*!.— A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
foe  le»*  than  Itoo  nvay  be  coll»ci<  in  a  Ju»- 
Hen'*  Court.    'Hie  Diatrict  Court  i»  li.ilimUed. 

Arr«at  for  debt  to  not  allowed  eicept  l« 
CMC*  of  fraud. 

Attaehmant  la  allowed  againtt  Non  Rett- 
dent*,  and  againat  Dehlun  In  eaiea  of  fraud, 
wb«lher  tha  debt  la  due  or  not. 

Pattiaa  to  tha  attk.  or  Intarcatad  ibantin, 
are  competent  Witnetaaa. 

Coata  uf  «ult  muat  ba  tacnred  in  advanea, 
or  the  vuil  will  ba  dlaMlaaad. 

It  la  at  lea«t  to  to  te  EHya  bctweaa  tha 
aarvica  ot  tummona  on  (ha  Debtor  and  obtain- 
ing of  Judciavnt  >»  tha  Diatrlct  Court,  and  J 
to  I  a  Daya  In  Juaticaa*  C^nirta. 

Bsacution  may  iia«a  In  any  Court  alter  an- 
taring  of  judgnant,  mlaaa  avcli  execntion  la 
flayed. 

The  Judgment  of  a  |«Mttca  of  iIm  Paaaa. 
whan  an  abatract  or  tramcript  thereof  k  Mad 
ta  tha  ollca  of  iIm  Qlark  of  iha  DIatrict  CMHt 
of  tha  county  wkera  randatad,  la  a  Nan  apM 
tha  Debtor**  reel  eattto  In  each  county.  Tho 
jodgnaKt  b  a  lien  upon  parawial  propcAy  onfy 
•poo  lavjr  of  an  aiaciili<M. 

la  gtmiWl       ti  claiMa,  ddM  or  demand 


liao'i  <^o«ft  iii|  an*  county  In  the  Hiale.  In 
(3«artaflf  Courta  when  leaa  than  faao.  The 
Gnuk  CoutU  •re  unllmitcil  (eacapi  wh«re 
jariwltetlon  ia  given  •iclutlvely  lo  another 
( 'nun ) 

Anaat  and  imprlaoamant  far  dota  It 
•lltivrtil  III  I  ii»e*  of  frtud 

Atlaahment  la  alkiwvd  againai  Non  Real 
dcnu,  KuraiKn  Cornuraluma,  etc.aad  again*! 
Debtor*  io  laaea  m  fraud,  whether  tha  deU  i< 
due  or  not. 

Partloa  i»  the  tutt,  or  laiareaiad  therein,  art 
coni(Mlaiit  Wiln«*a«a, 

C^tto  of  luit  muat  ha  aacurad  !•  *d«ancr, 
or  the  tutt  will  be  dt«wl*a«>i. 

1(  I*  11  l«**t  IO  lo  60  Daa*  belw'ett  the  let 
vice  of  niimmtma  on  ihe  DaMoe  and  obtaintnf 
of  Judfinar.t  in  the  Circuit  Coon,  and  5  Dayi 
tn  ju»»ic«»'  t.'owu. 

BiMantloci  Rwiy  laaoa  in  to  Uaya  aAer  •■<• 
taring  uf  judgment,  ualaaa  Mich  execution  i) 
•uvea. 

The  judgment  of  the  Circuit  Coart  la  a  lltn 
upm  Ihe  UatHor'a  real  ealata  in  tuch  couniy 
1  ho  lu'lgmtni  k  a  lien  uimn  paraooal  propeitv 
unly  uyor  levy  of  an  Miacuikii). 
tMVmUkMA* 

lu  jMltenil.  — luatlcta'  Court*  and  In 
New  Otlcan»  '  ity  Court*  have  jiiriadiction 
where  claim  u  not  ovfr  |ioo.  Dlairict  and 
fuKtlcea'  Court*  concurrent  In  claim*  over  $W 
and  let*  than  |ioo,  in  New  OrUan*,  and  in 
Suic  the  DiMrict  Court  baa  asctuitve  jurladic- 
tloA  In  claim*  over  |loo. 

Arraat  for  dabi  b  altowad  mtly  to  te. 
cure  Ihe  pcraoa  of  tha  Debtor  to  answer  (h« 
tuii. 

Atucbmrnt  la  al1ow*<l  agaiial  Debtor* 
in  ca*c*  uf  fraud,  whether  tha  dilit  ia  due  or 
not. 

Partloa  to  tha  *ult,  ^  (ntertMad  tiwrein,  art 
competent  WItneaae*. 

Coata  of  lull  muat  ba  aacurad  ia  advance, 
or  Ihe  tuil  will  be  ditmlt*cd. 

Il  it  at  Icaat  IO  Daya  between  the  aarvica  of 
nummona  on  tha  Dafclor  and  obtaining  of 
ittdgaaitll  in  tha  Diatria  Coart.  and  f  Day* 
in  lualice*'  Cnarls. 

BaoautlMt  may  iaaua  In  Iha  C 'Orict  C^wrt 
In  J  In  to  Day*  aftar  fnterii.^  4  iudgmant. 
and  In  Juaticc'*  Co«<r  -t  j  r'-jv  ciiaia  MKk 
execution  1*  aUyed. 

Ttta  Judgmcat  1:' «  ^'nitlce  «!  i^  Paactit 
whan  a  tnnacripl  ii».f>i  '•*  ^Ln*'  ia  tha  oliev 
of  Iha  Qerk  of  Iha  Diatriet  Coart  of  tha  counn 
wharo  vandarad,  ia  a  !/ <«  apoa  U|0  Debtor't 
real  aetata  in  sach  ooaaty.  TIm  jadgmcat  I*  a 
lion  upon  parawaal  proptrty  oaly  apoa  lavy  of 
aaasacatkm. 

■Ana. 

In  geiHinil.— A  claim,  dobiordaoMnd 
for  IcM  than  >ao  may  bo  collactad  ia  a  !«<• 
tico'*  Court.  Wbaa  in  Cambatland  and  Kan. 
aalwc  counlia*  Ibr  f ao  to  ftoo  ia  Ikn  SaiMriof 
Coart.  When  «vcr  |;,oo  ia  tiM  Sapr*N»a  Ja 
dicial  Court. 


«t 


teawjEtaa^iftaiwariig  iiaMiiiMi  jiSBHBBMiy ,, 


DntAiioi. 

•nv  t:uunt>    is  lH«  S**t«.      In 

«htn  liw  than  |«do.      Jhm 

'r«    unlltitUot  (MMpt    wh«r« 

tv4N  •■clu*i««lr  to  aaoUMf 

ImprlaMiiatnt  far  4«kl  It 

III    ft*U'1 

I*  allow**!  •galiuM  Non  R«ai' 

'urnwrMitMM,  tit.,  ••d  •i|«kii*i 

uT  Ifod,  wli«(h«r  Ik*  <kb(  )• 

•HH,  <w  lal«r<nl«d  iMraln,  •#• 

iniMt  h«  Miwad  U  tdvancr, 

a  Id  «o  D«n  b«iw<^M<  iIm  mm 

I  OM  ih«  DmlM  itn<t  aU«tnln( 

lh«  C  irciiil  C«Hir>,  anvi  )  L)*)rt 

H. 

Miy  Immi*  In  lo  l>i)r«  *ft«r  tn* 

t  of  Ihc  Circuit  Court  k  •  ll«i> 
''%  rMl  MUt«  In  *Mck  cctuntv 
•  lUn  u(ion  pantMuU  proptn* 
if  an  •Ktvutkm. 

I,— IumIcm'  Court*  and  In 
ity  l>>«rt»  h»v«  Jitfladklion 
not  ov*r  |ioo.  I>i«ric«  aiMl 
concurrtnl  In  cUimt  over  $50 
100,  In  New  Orltani,  and  in 
t  Court  hM  «sctuii«*  iwriadk- 
'«r  1 100. 

debt  la  allowad  ««%   to  m* 
of  iha  Debtor  to  answer  the 

It  aUowc<1    agahHl  Debton 
td,  whether  the  debt  b  due  or 

I  ault.  .ir  interaalcd  therein,  ert 

t  muat  be  itcttred  la  edvancc, 

b«  ditmlased. 

o  0«]r«  between  the  lenrtce  of 

le  Uettor   and  obtelnin*  of 

lie  DiHrict  CoMrt,  and  <  Dajm 

rte. 

Mty  Imm  In  the  T'Orict  C^rt 

rt  «iUr  «ntet)i<^  4  judgment. 

ed. 

It  .'.if  «  JiuttM  of  tM  Peactik 
f.  im,9*^  ''*  ^}9^^  in  the  ottet 
he  Uitlriot  Coflri  o<  the  counn 
,  le  •  !.• )«  nppa  the  Oehior'i 
A  QMMty.  The  Jndgincnt  la  a 
1*1  property  only  upon  levy  of 

■Ann. 

kL—A  cinini,  dnbl  or  demand 
Ki  may  be  collected  in  «  luo- 
fhen  In  CnmbctlMid  and  Ken- 
or  f  so  to  tsoo  In  the  S«h>eriM 
liver  f  ^00  in  the  Supreme  Jn 


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Photographic 

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Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  nanadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


COLLECTION  OF  CLAIMS,  DEBTS  AND  DEMANDS. 


•SJ 


Arrnt  and  Imprisonment  for  debt  U  not 
allowed  on  debts  contracted  linoe  April  l8. 

Attachment  Allowed  In  case*  of  fraud, 
wlielhcr  debt  it  due  or  not. 

Parties  to  the  luit,  or  intereited  therein, 
are  competent  Witneuet. 

In  Juaticei'and  Municipal  Courtt  7  Days  must 
intervene  between  service  of  tuminont  and  judg- 
ment; in  the  other  Count,  14  Dayt.  Corpora- 
tiont  mutt  have  30  Dayt'  notice  in  all  Courts, 
cither  at  trustee*  or  principal  defendants. 

Bsecutlon  may  Imuc  in  any  Court  in  34 
hours  after  judgment,  unless  stnyed  by  appeal. 

iludgment  it  a  lien  on  personalty  only  upon 
evy. 

MIA«TI.Alf». 
In  genersL — A  claim,  debt  or  demand  for 
lett  than  fioo  may  be  collected  in  a  Jutiice's 
Court.  When  over  |ioo  in  the  superior 
Court  of  Baltimore,  Court  of  Common  Pleat 
and  Baltimore  City  Court.  When  over  I50  in 
the  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Circuit  Couru  of 
counties  having  concurrent  Joriadiction. 
'  Arrsat  or  InspriMiunsnt  for  debt  is  not 
allowed. 

AttMhmsat  is  allowed  agaimU  No»>Reti. 
deiru,  and  asaintt  Debtors  in  cases  ot  ^aud, 
whether  the  debt  is  due  ot  not. 

Putiss  to  th«  suit,  or  interested  therein,  arc 
competent  Witnesses. 

Cost*  of  suit  most  be  secnrod  in  advaMSk 
or  the  suit  will  be  dismissed. 

It  is  akjut  7  to  15  Days  between  the  senriu. 
of  summons  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining  of 
ittdgnsnt  in  various  Courtt,  and  6  to  14 
pays  in  Justices'  Courts. 

Bnnotion  may  ittue  in  any  Court  after  en- 
tninc  of  judgment,  nnlen  tuch  execution  is 
itayetL 

The  Judgment  of  a  Juttioe  of  the  Peace, 
when  a  trantcripl  thereof  is  filed  in  the  ofllc* 
•f  the  Clerk  of  the  Qrcuit  Court  of  the  coonty 
where  rendered,  is  a  lien  upon  the  Debt^ 
real  estate  in  sueh  county.  The  jndgaent  is  n 
lien  upon  penonal  property  only  una  Uny  of 
an  execution. 


Ib  fmeML—A  daias,  dehl  or  —-,-„,„■ 
for  leas  fhaa  #1,000  IBM  be  collected  in  K«- 
nidpsl,  Difrtriotand  Fioftoe  CoiHta{  and  ia  the 
Boaton  Minidpal  Confls.  Whan  over  fa»  in 
the  Sapreme  Judicial  CQart.ot  Superior  Cowta. 

Anwt  ot  lapriioifwtfee  debt  allo*ad 
if  Debtor  iakapsro  to  ham  pnpariy  tnkjek  he 
will  not  ap^ytai  paymMt 

AttMluBMtt  is  albiNd  to  all  cases  on 
eommenoement  of  suit  s  any  oredilor  nay  at- 
tach  Inl  aad  prove  his  debts,  etc..  afterwaisds. 

PutUM  to  the  snit.  or  interested  thenin, 
are  oompetant  Vntnesses.- 

Goflio  ef  sniu  nnnt  be  secored  la  advance 
by  Noto-ReaMsats.  or  theauk  wiU  be  dismiaicd. 

Ii  h  M  ImhI  «4  Dew  katWMn  iha  tenrte  ol  snanaaM 

tL*h  S!teL5^  4*!!!i"«  9f  i^dfrneat  !■  Um  Sv 
pnm.  JoMal  ar  Suytrior  Cewtrio  Day«  it  givMi 

BmtlDa  niqriNM  ia  tlw  SapnaM  Jndi. 


cial  or  Superior  Court  on  the  lit  Monday  of 
the  month  after  entering  of  Judgment,  and  in 
Justices'  and  other  Courtt  in  1  Day,  unl«tt 
tuch  execution  it  ttayed. 

The  judgment  is  a  lien  upon  personal  prop, 
erty  only  upon  levy  o!  an  execution. 
HICHieAM. 
In  general.— A  claim,  debt  or  demand  fot 
lest  than  I300  may  be  collected  in  a  Justice't 
Court.     When  over  |ioo  In  the  Circuit  Court. 
Arrast   and  Impriaotunant  for  debt  ia 
allowed  in  catet  of  fraud  and  breach  of  trust. 

Attadunant  it  allowed  against  Non-ResU 
dentt  and  against  Debtort  in  case*  of  fraud, 
whether  the  debt  is  due  or  not. 

Ruti**  to  the  suit,  or  interested  therein,  are 
competent  Witnesses. 

Costa  of  suit  in  Cfarenit  Courts  must  be 
secured  in  advance  where  plaintiff  is  a  Non- 
R^ident,  or  the  suit  will  ba  ditmiised. 

It  is  at  least  to  to  19  Dayt  between  the  ter* 
vice  of  summons  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining 
of  jadgmont  In  the  Cireait  Courts,  and  6 
Dm  in  Jutticet'  Conits. 

wiaeutlon  may  ittue  in  any  Court  after  en- 
tering of  judgment,  unleta  auch  execatioa  is 
ilayed. 

A  trantaript  of  a  Justice's  Judgment  with 
security  for  stay  of  execution  may  be  filed  in 
the  Circuit  or  District  Court  Clerk's  office,  and 
will  then  have  the  same  effect  as  a  judgment 
of  such  Circuit  or  District  Court. 
The  judgment  is  a  lien  upon  property  oalf 
~~  levy  of  an  execution. 

MIHHKBOTA. 

In,  g«Beral.— A  claim,  debt  or  deauad 

fiw  less  than  Jlioo  may  be  collected  in  a  Jus- 

tieefs  Court.    The  District  Court  is  unlimited. 

Aftaat  and  Impriaonment  for  debt  is  not 

allowed. 

Attachmont  is  allowed  gainst  Non-Red- 
dents.  Foreign  Corporation,  etc.,  and  againtt . 
Debton  in  cases  of  fraud,  whrtb<>r  the  debt  is 
due  or  not. 

Partiaa  to  the  suit,  or  interested  theralB, 
an  competent  Wltnetses. 

Coata  of  suit  must  be  secured  in  advance, 
or  the  aait  will  be  diiattasod. 

It  is  at  least  ao  Days  between  die  service  of 
summons  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining  of 
Jadgmont  in  the  District  Court,  and  6  to  ao 
Dam  in  Justices^  Courts. 

Baacutlon  aiay  iwue  ia  the  District  Cdurt 
at  once  after  entering  of  judgment,  and  in  Jur- 
tise.*t  CoHTt  in  10  Days,  unless  tuch  executioo 
is  stayed. 

llw  Jadgatentt  of  United  States  Courts.  Cir- 
cuit Cbaitaof  other  eooaties.  and  Justices  of  the 
Ftace,  when  a  traaseript  thereof  is  filed  in  the 
oflMaof.theGlerit  of  Uie  District  Court  of  the 
ooua^  where  rendered,  is  a  Uea  upcm  the 
Deblor't  real  estate  in  tuch  county.  The  judg- 
ment is  a  lien  upon  personal  property  only  upoa 
levy  of  an  execmon. 

1u  g«iMnSU--A  daim,  debt  or  demand 
for  let*  than  |aoo  piio^pal  may  be  collected  in 
a  Justices'  Cbuit.  Wliien  over  |aoo  in  tha 
Circuit  Conrt 


"  i 


H* 


COLLECTION  OF  CLAIMS,  DEBTS  AND  DEMAMD!! 


ArtMt  or  Impriaonmant  for  dtbt  ii  not 
allowed. 

Attachmtnt  it  allowed  againit  Non-Rni- 
dentt,  and  a|iain<tt  Debtor*  in  caact  of  fraud, 
whether  the  delH  is  due  ur  not. 

Partia*  to  the  iiuit,  or  interctted  thvrtin, 
are  competent  Witneuea. 

Costa  of  tuit  must  be  secured  in  advance, 
or  the  suit  will  be  dismissed. 

It  it  at  least  5  Days  between  the  service  of 
summon*  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining  of  Jud|(- 
inant  in  the  Circuit  Court,  and  5  Day*  in 
/ustice*'  Court*.  Non-ReiideBts  may  be 
(ummoned  by  3  week*'  publication. 

Execution  may  i!«*ue  in  any  Court  after  en* 
tering  of  judgment,  unteu  *uch  execution  ia 
stayed.  Sucn  itay  i*  allowed  in  Justices' 
Court*  only. 

Judgments,  whether  rendered  in  Justice  "jf 
the  Peace  or  Circuit  Courts,  when  properlf 
enrolled,  are  a  lien  in  order  of  enrdlment, 
and  from  the  date  thercoi,  on  all  of  debtor's 
property,  not  otherwise  eaem|)t.  Code  1891^ 
Sec*.  757  and  3413. 

■  ■•IM»VKI. 

In  general.— Juatices'  CourU  have  juris- 
diction in  citic*  or  counties  with  over  50,000 
population,  in  canes  where  claim  i*  no;  over 
|jOOesclu*ive  of  interest ;  in  replevin*,  S350; 
in  other  citie*  and  counties,  lata  Circuit 
Court  ha*  unlimited  jurisdiction  in  eases  ex- 
ceeding 150.  In  somt  counties  Comnum  Pleas 
Cottits  concur  with  District  Court 

Arrast  or  Iniprisonment  for  debt  is  not 
allowed. 

AttAcbmant  h  allowed  agaii«*t  Non-Resi- 
dents, Foreign  Corporation*,  and  against  Debt- 
ors in  ca*e*  <jf  fraud,  whether  the  debt  is  doe 
or  not. 

PartiM  to  (he  suit,  or  intere*ted  therein, 
are  competent  Witne«*es. 
.    Coata  of  suit  must  be  secured  in  advance, 
or  the  suit  will  be  dismissed. 

It  is  at  least  15  Days  between  the  service  of 
summons  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining  of 
jodcment  in  the  Circuit  Court,  and  10  Days 
in  Justices'  Courts.. 

Rxecutkm  may  issue  jn  any  Ctiin  r  after  en- 
tering of  judgment,  unless  such  ixccuiior.  is 
stayed. 

The  Judgment  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
when  a  transcript  thereof  i*  filed  in  the  office 
of  the  Clerltof  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  county 
where  rendered,- is  a  lien  upon  the  Debtmr's 
real  estate  in  such  county.  The  judgment  of 
the  Circuit  Court  is  a  lien  uppo  personal  prop- 
erty only  upon  levy  of  an  execWkB  of  a  Jus- 
tice's Court  when  delivered  to  the  constabfe. 

M*HVAVA. 

In  general.— A  claim,  deht  or  demand 
for  less  than  #100  may  be  colle«leJ  in  a  Jus- 
tice's Court.  When  over  I50  in  the  District 
Court. 

Arrest  for  debt  is  allowed  in  cases  of  tamA. 

Attaebment  i*  allowed  wh^  deU  is  due, 
and  where  defendent  is  about  to  leave  State  or 
diipcse  vf  his  property  to  ddmad  crcditon. 


Parties  to  the  suit,  or  intere*ted  therein, 
are  competent  Witnesses. 

Coats  of  suit  must  be  secured  in  advance  of 
Non- Residents  and  Foreign  Corporatioita,  or 
the  suit  will  lie  dismissed. 

It  i»  at  leasr  10  to  40  Days  between  the  ser- 
vice of  summons  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining 
of  Judgment  in  the  District  Court  and  4  to 
10  Days  ill  Justices'  Courts. 

Execution  may  iuue  in  any  Court  after 
entering  of  judgment. 

The  Judgment  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
when  a  transcrijH  thereof  is  filed  in  the  office 
of  the  Cleric  of  the  District  Court  of  the  county 
where  rendered,  is  a  lien  upon  the  Debl(|r's 
real  estote  in  such  county.  The  judgment  is  • 
lien  upon  penunal  property  only  upon  levy  of 
an  execution, 

HBBKABKA. 

In  general. — a  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  less  than  Moo  may  be  collected  in  a  Justice's 
Court.  When  over'lioo  and  less  Ihsn  |i,ooo 
then  in  the  County  Court.  Whca  over  I50 
la  the  District  Cowt 

Arrest  for  debt  is  allowed  in  cases  of  fraud. 

Attachment  i*  allowed  against  Non-Kesi- 
dents,  and  against  Debton  in  cases  of  fraud, 
whether  the  debt  i*  due  or  not. 

Partioa  to  the  *uit,  or  intere*ted  therein,  are 
competent  Witnesses. 

Coata  of  suit  must  be  •ectucd  in  advance, 
or  the  *uit  will  be  dismissed. 

It  is  at  least  10  to  ,«r>  Days  between  the  ser- 
vice of  *ummons  on  the  }  >ebtor  and  obtaining 
of  judgmaat  in  the  District  Court,  and  3  to  13 
Days  in  Justices'  Courts. 

Execution  may  i!>sue  in  any  Court  after  en- 
tering of  judgment,  unless  such  execution  is 
stayed. 

The  Judgment  of  a  .Justice  of  the  Peace, 
when  a  transcript  thereof  is  filed  in  the  office 
of  the  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  of  the 
county  where  rendered,  is  a  lien  upon  the 
Debtor's  real  estate  in  such  county.  The 
judgment  is  a  lien  upon  personal  property 
only  upon  levy  of  an  execution. 

.VBTABA. 

In  general.— A  cbim,  debt  or  demand 
for  less  than  9300  may  l}e  collected  in  a  Justice'* 
Court.    When  over  I300  in  the  Di*trict  Conrt. 

Airoat  for  debc  isallowM  in  cases  of  ftand. 

AttacbnaM  is  allowed  againit  Non-Resi- 
deats,aad  agafaut  Debtois  in  cases  of  firaad,  or 
where  money  is  not  secured  by  lien  nr  eledge. 

Paitlaa  to  the  suit,  or  iatemrted  tMmn, 
are  competent  Witnesses. 

Gaafa  of  salt  mast  be  secnrad  ia  advance, 
or  the  fait  will  he  dismiised. 

It  is  at  least  10  to  40  Days  between  the  ser- 
vice of  summons  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining 
•of  JodgaMnt  in  the  District  Court,  aad  I  to 
10  Days  in  lusiices'  Couru. 

Bsactttimi  msy  iasue  in  any  Cohit  after  en- 
tering of  Judgment,  anlos  sacfa  sjxecation  i* 
stayed.  Such  tttf  is  allowed  hjr  <}Her  of  Ike 
Coait. 


^A: 


:i_w>a;;«si&»ii^iai-wtr:- ;-; 


,  •iYjn>3iei."\^, 


CMAMDit. 

lit,  or  intemted  thtrtin, 

!UM. 

1  be  tecured  in  advance  of 
Foreign  CorporatioiU,  or 
itscd. 

40  Unyi  between  the  scr- 
ihe  Debtor  and  obtaining 
i  Dlilrict  Court  and  4  to 
Court*, 
iuue  in  any  Court  after 

a  Juktice  of  th«  Peace, 
ereof  in  filed  in  the  ofRce 
>ittrict  Court  of  the  county 
a  lien  upon  the  Debtor'* 
>uniy.  The  judgment  it  • 
iroperty  only  upon  levjr  of 

K  claim,  debt  or  demand 
y  be  collected  in  a  Juitice's 
lioo  and  leaa  than  ti.ooo 
Court  Whea  over  $$0 
• 

•Mowed  in  case*  of  fraud. 
I  lowed  againU  Non-Keiti- 
Jebton  in  case*  of  fraud, 
lue  or  not. 

,  or  interested  therein,  are 
I. 

St  be  tecured  in  advance, 
smiued. 

*<»  D«yt  between  the  ter- 
the  ]  tebtor  and  obtaining 
District  Court,  and  3  to  13 
arts. 

sue  in  any  Court  after  «n- 
enlett  luch  execution  b 

a  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
lertof  is  filed  in  tiie  office 
he  District  Court  of  the 
ercd,  is  *  lien  upon  the 
!  in  tuch  <;ounty.      The 

upon  pertonal   property 
execution. 
▼ADA. 

K  clbim,  debt  or  demand 
J  l)e  cttllected  in  a  Jottice't 
I500  in  the  Diitrict  Court, 
lallowled  in  catet  of  flrund. 
Ilowed  agulnit  Non-Reti- 
tebtoit  in  ««Ma  of  fraud,  or 
■ecttred  by  lien  or  oledge. 
nit,  or  intereited  tnermn. 


It  be  tecured  in  advance, 

•niHed. 

40  Dayt  between  the  fcr- 

the  Debtor  and  obtaining 
e  District  Court,  and  I  to 
Couru. 
«tue  in  any  Tlotm  afkcr  en- 

unlets  sudi  akecutioit  it 
■  •Uowud  bf  Mtt  oT  Oo 


COLLECTION  OF  CLAl.MS,  DEBTS  AND  DEMANDS. 


Hi 


The  Judgment  of  j.  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
when  a  Iranscripi  thereof  is  filed  in  the  oAice 
of  the  Recorder  of  ihe  county  where  rendered 
Is  a  lien  upon  (he  Debtor's  real  estate  in  such 
county.  The  judgment  is  a  lien  upon  personal 
property  only  upon  levy  of  an  execution. 
NBW  HAMraaiKB. 

In  VenenU,— A  claim,  debtor  demand 
for  less  thin  »lj.y  may  be  collected  in  •  Jus- 
lice's  Court,  and  if  leat  than  Moo  in  a  Police 
Court.  When  over  Jlioo  in  the  Supreme  Judi- 
cial Court. 

AriMt  for  debt  it  allowed. 

Attachment  is  allowed. 

Purtius  to  the  suit,  or  interttted  therein, 
are  competent  Witnesses. 

Coat*  of  suit  must  be  secured  in  advance  or 
Ihe  suit  wUi  be  dismissed. 

Ft  is  at  leust  14  to  38  Day*  between  the  ser- 
vice of  lummons  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining 


Parties  to  the  suit,  or  interested  therein, 
Mt  competent  Witnesses. 

Coata  of  tuit,  if  demanded,  must  l<e  secured 
in  advance,  or  the  suit  will  be  disminsed. 

It  it  at  leatt  5  to  30  Day.  between  the  ser- 
vice of  summons  on  the  Debtor  and  obtainiiii; 
of  Judffiaant  in  the  District  Court,  and  < 
Days  in  Justices'  Courts. 

Sxocutlon  may  issue  in  any  court,  after  en- 
tering of  judgment. 

The  Judgment  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
when  a  transcript  thereof  is  filed  in  the  office 
of  the  Clerk  of  the  Probate  Couit  of  the  county 
where  rendered,  is  a  lien  iipon  the  Debtor's 
real  estate  in  tuch  county.  The  judgmant  U  n 
Hen  upon  pertonal  property  only  upon  levy  of 
anexecujon.  ' 


of  itidffnmt  in  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court, 
and  14  Davt  in  Justices'  Couits. 

^M."!^-^!.'"*''  J"""  '"  '"y  Court  immedi- 
Vl    .  ?'♦  •*«»""  «n««'»8  of  judgment. 
1  he  Jttdenient  U  a  lien  upon  pertonal  property 

only  upon  levy  of  an  execuiicin  or  atucbdimt. 

In  fenerAl.— A  claim,  debt  or  demand, 
for  lets  ihanlaoo  may  be  collected  In  a  Juaiic.  J 
Court  J  I300  In  Di«rict  Courts  in  cities;  over 
lioo  ia  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  or  Circuit 
Court  I  over  $aoo  in  the  Supreme  Court. 

A»Mt  (except  females)  for  debt  is  only  al- 
lowed  in  cases  of  fraud,  or  on  the  Debtor's 
removal,  transfer  or  concealment  of  proMitv 
to  prevent  iu  being  realixed  by  hb  creditors. 

Atuebawit  b  allowed  againtt  Non-Rcsl. 

fSt  *^  ^Wif  ?••**»"  in  cases  of  fraud, 

whetbarthedebtbdueornot.  Other  creditors 

^*l^!^  ""^  tke  wrto  and  receive  /tv  r*ta. 

PWUM  to  the  rait,  or  interested  therein, 
we  competent  Witnetsea. 

ir  ^**  ^t^  "^  •*  •«•«<•  *»  advance, 
if  required  fav  the  defendant,  the  plaindlT  beint 
a  Non-Rcddent.  or  the  rait  will  be  disBbs*! 
It  b  at  IcMt  le  to  to  Days  between  tke  ser- 
vice  of  awnmoaa  on  tbc  Debtor  and  ofatafadnK 
of  Judgmant  in  the  Common  pleas.  Circuit 
or  Su|Mma  Cowt,  and  s  Days  in  Justice's 
Court,  or  City  Dbtrict  Covrts. 

Bmcutiea  may  itrae  in  asqr  Court  after  enter. 
«gofJndgaMmt,nnl«Ms»clieMeniioabst»ad. 
The  Jw^maat  of  a  Jattioe  of  the  Paaoc, 
when  a  transcript  thereof  b  filed  ia  Ihe  dffica 
of  the  Oeric  of  thaConunon  Pleas  Court  of  the 
county  where  rendered,  b  a  lien  upon  the 
Debtor's  real  astnia  in  (uch  county.  The  judg- 
ment b  a  Uen  upon  pertonal  property  cmh 
upon  levy  of  an  enecutioa. 

_   WMiT  ■nmoiib 

in  CM1MNM.-~A  daiaa,  debt  or  demand 
tar  less  than  f  nomay  be  oollected  in  a  Justice's 
Coort.    When  over  |i«o  in  the  District  Court. 

Armi  for  debt  b  allowed. 

AtMdHBMt  baUdweii  afdist Non-Kesi. 
denta,  and  against  DAian  In  cM«a  of  tend, 
whether  the  debt  b  due  or  Mt 


NEW  TOMi. 
in  CCmmral.— A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  less  than  faoo  may  be  collected  in  a  Justice'* 
Court.  When  lets  'Han  I350  in  the  New  York 
City  District  Cov  •.  When  less  than  |ix)oo 
In  a  County  Coun.  When  less  than  |axoo  in 
the  New  York  City  Marine  Couil.  The  Su- 
preme Court  has  unlimited  jurisdiction. 

Arreat  ai>d  Innprlaonment  for  debt  b  not 

allowable  except  fi>r  fraud  and  tort  damasea. 

Attncbount  U  allowed  against  Non-Risi- 

denu,  and  againtt  Debtort  in  catet  of  fraud. 

whether  the  debt  .t  due  or  not. 

Partiea  to  the  suit,  or  i>  ed  therein, 

are  competent  Wilnesies. 

CoaU  of  suit  must  be  tecured  . ,  artvtuce. 
If  re«juired  by  the  defendant,  or  the  tuit  will  be 
dtsmitsed. 

It  It  at  least  6  to  so  Days  between  the  ser- 
vice  of  rammons  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining 
ofjudfRient.  * 

Bxecution  may  itine  in  any  Court,  after  en- 
tering of  judgment. 

The  Judgment  of  a  Juttice  of  the  Peace 
when  a  trentcript  thereof  it  filed  in  the  office 
of  the  Clerk  of  the  Codnty  Court  of  the  county 
Where  rendered,  b  a  lien  upon  the  Debtor's 
real  ettate  in  tuch  county.  The  judgmmt  b 
a  lien  upon,  pmonal  property  only  upon  \t\j 

-^ ■•■jrar  cA««MirA. 

in  gmiem.— A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  le*t  than  f  aoo  may  be  collected  in  a  Justice's 
S^*?-  J?"'«"  o*"  *«o  in  the  Superior 
Ctwrt.   when  over  laoo  in  the  Superior  6>urt. 

Arrant  aUowed  only  in  frauds,  tort  dam. 

SffMU  etc* 

Attaelwioat  b  allowed  against  NonResi- 
donit,  and  against  Debtors  in  cases  of  fnud. 
whether  the  debt  b  due  or  not 

Partlea  to  the  suit,  or  interested  therein,  are 
eoaapetent  Witnesses. 

Goats  of  suit  must  be  secured  in  advance, 
or  the  suit  will  be  dismitted. 

It  b  at  least  ^  Days  between  tiic  service  of 
rammnns  on  Um  Debtor  and  obuining  of  J«d>* 
mont  in  the  Superior  Court,  and  •  Dlm% 
Justices' Courts.  ' 

i!;f»«"*«  "V  «««e  in  any  Court,  after 
•Btariag  of  jn^gnMnt,  unless  audi  executloa  b 


^*«1 


«s« 


COLLECTION  OF  CLAIMS.   DEUT8  AND   DAMAGES. 


■Uyed.     Sach  May  it  allowed  in  Justices' 
Courts  only. 

The  Judgment  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
when  a  transcript  thereof  li  filed  in  the  office 
of  the  Gerk  of  tne  Supei  ior  Court  of  the  county 
where  rendered,  it  a  lien  upon  the  DcUor's 
real  estate  in  such  county.  The  judgment  ii  a 
lien  upon  personal  property  only  upon  levy  of 
•n  execution. 

•HI*. 

In  MOeiml. — A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  lest  tluuiljoo  may  be  Collected  in  a  Juitice's 
Court.  When  over  |ioo  in  the  Common 
Pleat  and  Superior  Courtt. 

AfTMt  far  oebt  it  allowed  in  catet  of  fraud. 

AtUchmaiit  la  allowed  againtt  Non-Resi- 
dantt.  Foreign  Corporations  and  against  Debt- 
en  in  catet  of  fraud,  whether  the  debt  it  due 
or  not. 

PbhIm  to  the  mtt.or  interested  therein, 
■re  competent  Witneasct. 

CmM  of  tuit  need  not  be  secured  in  ad- 
vance, except  at  to  Non-ResidenU  and  Cor- 
|)oration«. 

It  it  .It  leatt  99  Days  between  the  lervice  of 
suramont  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining  of 
Itidgment  in  the  Common  Pleat  or  Superior 
Couri,  and  3  Daya  in  Juiticet'  Couitt. 

Bsacution  may  itsue  in  the  Common  Pleat 
or  Superior  Court  after  entering  of  Judgment, 
•nd  in  Justices'  Court  in  10  Days,  luleat  tuch 
■xecntion  it  ttayed. 

The  Judgment  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
when  a  transcript  thereof  us  filed  in  the  office 
«r  the  Clerk  of  the  Common  Pleat  Court  of  the 
county  where  rendered,  it  a  lien  upon  the 
CeUor*!  real  ettate  in  tuch  county.  The 
|udgment  U  a  lien  upon  personal  property  only 
apon  levy  of  an  execution.  

•mMMW. 

In  genenU.—- A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  leu  than  laco  may  be  collected  in  a  Jut- 
tice'i  Court.  When  lot  than  Ijoo  in  the 
County  Court.  The  Circuit  Court  bat  unlim* 
Ited  jorisdictiou. 

Amtt  for  debt  it  allowed.  In  case  of  fraud. 

Attnehmtntit  allowed  upon  an  unaecnred 
contract  for  the  direct  pttymeat  of  money. 

PartiM  to  the  Mit,or  intcretted  therein, 
■re  competent  Witneaeea. 

CMts  in  actiona  in  Jntticea'  Courtt  may,  in 
the  discretion  of  the  lattice,  be  aecured  in 
advance  when  deraaaded  by  the  dcfendaat, 
or  the  action  will  be  ditmiitM. 

It  it  at  leatt  10  Daya  between  the  wrviee 
of  KuramoBt  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining  of 
Ittdgment  in  the  CIreait  Cout,  an«a  it  least  5 
Dayt  in  Jnttioet*  Conita. 

KsecuttoB  may  itnie  in  any  Court  tnunedi* 
ately  after  entering  of  Judgment,  anleaa  Weh 
execnlion  it  ttayea. 

The  Judgment  of  a  Jnitke  of  the  Piteee. 
when  a  trananipt  thereof  it  filed  In  the  office 
of  die  Oerk  of  Uie  Couniv  Coert  and  docketed 
In  the  Chcttit  Court  of  the  county  where  rcn- 
Mndf  i*  «  U«n  vpon  the  Dcfator'a  real  calate 


in  such  county.  The  judgment  It  a  lien  upon 
personal  property  only  upon  levy  of  an  ex- 
ecution. 

rBHIIllTI.VAMIA. 
In  ■•wensl.— a  cUlm,  d*b<  or  danuad  (or  Im 
than  Ijoo  amy  ht  cotbvlad  ■■  an  Aldarman't,  JimiIc«'< 
or  MafialraM'i  Co<ir«.       In    HhllaHclphla,  Ua*  than 
$100,  MafialrMa  •  Court.    Whan  ovtr  f  too  in  Um  Com- 
■on  Plaaa  Court. 
Arreet  for  debt  it  allowed  in  catet  of  fraud. 
Attnchnent  it  allowed  against  DeMors  in 
catet  of    fraud,  and  agninat   NonResidcnti. 
Pnrtiee  to  the  suit,  or  interested  therein,  are 
competent  Wilne*Ka. 

Cowta  of  suit  must  Iw  secured  in  advance, 
when  required  by  the  defendant,  if  iilaintiff  ii 
a  Non-Reaident,  or  the  suit  will  be  dismilted. 
It  it  at  leatt  15  to  30  bays  between  the  ser- 
vice of  summons  on  the  Uebior  and  obtaining 
of  Judgment  in  the  Common  Pleas  Court,  and 
5  to  S  Days  in  Justice's  Court. 

Bxaeution  may  iuue  in  any  Court  after 
entering  of  Judgment,  unleM  such  execution  is 
stayed. 

The  Judgment  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
when  a  transcript  thereof  is  filed  in'  the  office 
of  the  Clerk  of  the  Common  Pleat  Court  of  the 
county  where  rendered,  it  a  litn  upon  the 
Debtor't  real  estate  in  such  county.  The  judg- 
ment is  a  lien  upon  personal  property  only  upon 
levy  of  an  execution. 

Mie»B  MLAVB. 
In  K*n«raL— Ditirict  Courtt  have  ex- 
clutive  jurisdiction  except  at  otherwise  pro- 
vided, in  civil  caaea  up  to  I300.  Common 
Pleat  CourU  have  original  iurftdiction  of  claims 
of  I300  and  npwardt,  and  are  concurrent  with 
Supreme  Court. 

Arrest  for  debt  allowed,  except  at  provided. 
Femalea  not  arrestable  on  original  writ  on 
contractt. 

AttneboMiit  allowed   against  Non-Resi- 
denla,  and  againtt  Debtors  in  catet  of  conceal- 
ment, fraud  or  abaconding. 
Intereeted  partiea  are  competent  Witneases. 
Coits  mutt  be  secured  in  advance,  or  tuit 
diamitacd. 

Dittrlct  Court  writi  are  returnable  in  not 
leat  than  6,  or  more  tbanJO  Daya  Wore  return 
day. 

Judgment  may  be  antcred  on  ^-cond  day 
of  term,  where  no  dedenee  ofcrt.  Jn<^;mcnt 
it  not  a  lien  on  real  estate.  ' 

Bxaeution  may  lame  in  za,  honrt  after  Judg- 
ment, unleta  othMwiie  ordered.  Court  may 
itay  Cor  caate. 

••Vni  CABSUHA. 

In  general. — ^A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  leia  than  |ioo  nay  be  oollected  in  a  Jus- 
tietfn  Contt.  The  Common  Fleaa  Coort  hai 
nnlimited  iuriadiction. 

Anaat  for  debt  it  not  allowed. 

Atudunant  it  allowed  againtt  Non-Re*i- 
dents,  Foveign  Cotporationt  and  againtt  Debt- 
ort  In  caaea  of  fraud,  whether  die  debt  it  doe  or 
net. 

Pttttlan  to  the  tuit,  or  intefcited  thefciiv 
are  competed  Witneaeea. 


w^^  "^••^^^^^  ^^w  ^^^V*  ^^'W^^^  ■••  ^^^^v  v^Y* 


DAMAGES. 

rhe  judgment  it  •  lltn  upon 
only  upon  Uvy  of  m  ex- 

MMTLTAMIA. 

i  cUlm,  d«bl  or  danuad  for  |r«a 
•vMd  *l  *n  Ald«mMn'i,  Ji»llc«'< 
n.  In  KhilatWIpkia,  l«M  ihan 
ittt.    Wh«i  over  |ioo  la  iIm  Cum- 

it  allowed  in  cate*  of  fraud, 
allowed  againit  DeUort  in 
ind  agninM  Non-Rrtidcnti. 
luit,  or  interested  therein,  are 
■ei. 

luxt  l>e  lecured  in  advance, 
the  derendant,  if  t'laintiff  in 
ir  the  tuit  will  b«  diimlued. 
to  JO  Day*  between  the  ter- 
on  the  l>eb(or  and  obtaining 
)ie  Common  PleaiG>uit,and 
uice'i  Court. 

ly  iuue  in  an*  Court  after 
lent,  unleu  auch  ececuiion  is 

of  a  JuUicc  of  the  Peace, 
thereof  it  filed  in' the  office 
)  Common  Pleat  Court  of  the 
ndercd,  it  a  lien  upon  the 
e  in  tuch  county.  Tne  judg- 
1  personal  property  only  upon 
ion, 

»BI  ISLAWB. 

,— District  Courts  naTC  ex- 
m  except  at  otherwise  pro- 
Met  up  to  two.  Common 
original  inritaiction  of  claims 
irdt,  and  are  concuneitt  with 

:  allowed,  except  at  provided, 
ettable  oa  original  writ  on 

allowed  against  Non>Reti> 
t  Debtort  in  cata  of  oonceal- 
laconding. 

ties  are  competent  Wlmeases. 
JMCured  in  advance,  or  tuit 

writi  at*  returnable  in  not 
n  than  so  Daya  Wore  return 

be  entered  on  'cimA  day 
lo  deqinee  ofiert.  Judgment 
nleetate.  ' 

yiaiae  in  »(  kotnt  after  jndg- 
Irwiie  ordered.    Court  may 

m  CABAUVA. 

.—A  claim,  debt  or  demand 

»  may  be  collected  in  a  Jus- 

m  Common  Pleat  Conit  has 

ction* 

« it  not  allowed. 

e  allowed  against  Kon-Resi* 

orporationt  nnd  against  Debt- 

iUd,  whcthw  the  debt  it  due  or 

I  tdlt,  or  interetted  Iheteiiv 
itncttet. 


COLLECTIO^f  OF  CLAIMS,  DEBTS  AND  DEMAND.«I. 


It  is  at  least  ao  Days  between  the  Krviceof 
•ummont  on  Ihe  Debtor  and  obiaining  of 
Judgment  in  the  Common  I'leaa  Court,  and 
2»  l)y  in  Justices  Court,  where  more  than 
25  doljan  are  demanded,  and  5  Days  where 
less  than  ihal  amount  i»  demanded. 

A  certified  tr..utcript  of  a  judgment  dock- 
eted ill  the  ar>.uit  Court  Clerlt's  office  of  the 
county  where  rendered,  is  a  lien  upon  the  real 
property  of  the  judgment  debtor  therein. 

Bieeution  may  issue  in  any  Court  aAcr  en- 
tering of  Judgment. 


«5T 


In  yenersl.— A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  lest  than  at  follows :  Accounts,  Bills  of 
Exchange  against  acceptor,  I500,  Promissory 
note*  against  malcers  and  indi>nen,  where  de- 
mand  and  notes  are  expretsly  waived,  |i,ooo 
(against  other  indorsert,  1500).  may  be  col- 
lected  in  a  Juttice't  Court.  When  over  |(o 
in  the  Grcuit  Court. 
Arreat  for  debt  it  not  allowed. 
Attachmem  it  allowed  againtt  Non-Reti- 
dentt,  and  against  Debtort  in  cate  of  fraud, 
whether  the  debt  it  due  or  not. 

PnrUea  ^  the  tuit,  or  it  teretted  therein, 
are  competent  Witncstet. 

Costs  of  suit  mutt  be  tecured  in  advance, 
or  the  tuit  will  be  ditmitsed. 

It  it  at  leatt  K  Days  between  the  service  of 
summons  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining  of 
Judgment  in  the  Circuit  Court;  in  Justices' 
Courts  the  date  of  return  it  fixed  by  the  officer 
end  judgment  had  on  day  of  trial. 

Execution  may  inue  in  any  Court  after  en- 
tering of  j  udgment. 

The  Judgment  of  a  Tnttice  of  the  Peace," 
when  a  transcript  thereof  is  filed  in  the  office 
of  the  Regitter't  office  of  the  county  where 
rendered,  it  a  iien  upon  the  Debtor'a  real  et- 
Ute  in  tuch  county.  The  judgment  it  a  lien 
upon  penonal  property  only  upon  levy  of  an 
execution. 

TmXAM. 

In  feneraL— A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  leu  than  |mo  may  be  collected  in  a  Jut- 
tice't Court.  When  over  |bioo  and  under 
|i/)00b  in  the  Ctwntr  Conit  When  over 
ISoo  in  the  Diatrict  Cotnt. 

Amst  for  debt  It  not  allowed. 

AtUChmeat  is  allowed  amintt  'Non-Reti- 
dentt,  and  againtt  Debton  In  catet  of  fraud, 
whether  the  debt  it  due  or  not. 

Partien  to  the  suit,  or  inteiittted  therein. 
are  competent  witnesset. 

^**.°'^i*  ""»*  ^  "ecured  in  advance, 
or  the  suit  will  be  dlimiated. 

Qtationt  thall  be  served  at  least  ten  days 
before  return  day  of  Couiti.  to  compel  defend- 
ant to  plead  at  return  day.  Citatrans  issued 
too  late,  or  which  cannot  be  served  in  time, 
muy  seek  service  to  next  term  of  Court. 

BmcatiMi  may  issue  In  sny  Court  after  en- 
tering of  Judgment,  unless  such  execution  is 
•Uy^.  Such  stay  is  Allowed  i9  fislices' 
Courts  only.  ,' 

4». 


ITTAH. 

In  general. — A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  let*  than  |too  may  be  collected  in  a  Jus- 
tice's Court.  When  over  #joo,  in  the  Dit- 
irict  Court. 

Arrest  for  debt  it  allowed  after  judgment, 
and  execution  returned  untatitfied,  and  on 
affidavit  of  judgment  creditor,  and  then  only 
for  nomination  as  to  hit  property. 

AtUchment  it  allowed  against  Non-Reti* 
denli,  and  againtt  Debtort  in  catet  of  fraud, 
whether  Ihe  debt  it  due  or  not 

Partiea  to  the  tuit,  w  interetted  therein, 
are  competent  Witnettet. 

Coets  of  tuit  mutt  be  tecured  in  advance 
or  the  suit  will  be  dismissed  if  plaintiff  is  a 
Non- Resident. 

It  it  at  leatt  to  to  40  Days  between  the  ser> 
vice  of  summons  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining 
of  Judgment  in  the  Dittriot  Court,  and  a  to 
10  Dayt  in  JuHticet'  Courtt. 

Bieoutioa  may  iuue  In  any  Court  after  en> 
taring  of  judgment  in  that  Court. 

The  Judgment  of  a  Juttice  of  the  Peace, 
when  a  trantcri|it  thereof  it  filed  in  the  office 
of  the  Qerfc  of  the  Dittrict  Court  of  the  county 
where  rendered,  it  a  lien  upon  the  Debtor'a 
real  etute  in  tuch  county.  The  Judgment  is 
a  lien  upon  personal  property  only  upon  levy 
of  an  execution. 

,  TKRinoirr. 

In  general.— A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
not  above  laoo  may  be  collected  in  a  Justice's 
Court.  When  over  |aoo  in  the  County  Court 
1  ^"••* '*"  ^'^  ""'y  '"  •peclal  catet  is  aU 
d  bt  *        "**'•  "^  "**'  "bject  to  arrest  for 

Attaehment  it  allowed  againtt  Non-Resi- 
denu.  and  against  Debton  in  cases  of  fraud, 
whether  the  debt  is  due  or  not. 

TrutM  Ploceea  is  allowed  in  all  acHons 
rottnd«d  upon  contract,  expreu  or  implied, 
wucrethe  claim  sought  to  be  enforced  and 
the  craditt  in  the  hands  of  the  trustee  exceed 
#10. 

PnrtlM  to  the  tuit,  or  itnerested  therein. 
•re  competent  Witnesses. 

Coftsofsuit  must  be  secured  in  advance, 
orthetuitwillbeditmiued.  •«^"«». 

It  it  at  leatt  la  Dayt  between  the  service  of 
summons  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining  of 
Judment  in  the  County  Court,  and  6  Days 
in  Justices'  Courts. 

Bxecution  may  itsue 
entering  of  judipmnt 


in  any  Court  after 


TtBOniA. 

tn  genenu.— -Acclaim,  debt  or  demand 
for  lem  than  |lop  may  be  collected  in  a  Jna. 
tice  s  Court,  but  if  over  |ao,  defendant  may 
remove  to  County  Court.  The  Circuit  Court 
hat  general  Jurisdiction. 

Anwt  for  debt  not  allowed,  except  o.'  ab- 
sconding  debtors.  i«  v.  »«• 

Attadunoat  is  allowed  against  Non-Rcai< 
dent^  and  against  Debton  in  cases  of  fraud, 
whether  the  debt  to  due  or  not 


€$S 


COLLECTION  or  CLAIMS.   DEBTS  AND  DEMANDS. 


Partial  to  tha  Mk,  or  intcmled  thtrain, 
•r«  cnni|M!(tni  WitncMct. 

C««ta  of  (uit  mutt  b«  Mcvred  in  mItmm, 
or  (h«  luK  will  Im  ditint»«ed. 

It  it  kt  le««t  J  rule  U«y»  b«lwt«n  th«  mt- 
Tictoi'  mmmoni  on  the  lielitor  and  obtaining 
of  Judfmant  in  the  Circuit  Court,  and  60 
Day*  in  JuMicea'  Courta. 

Bxacuiion  may  luiae  in  any  Court  alter 
antering  of  iudfmcnt,  unlaaa  ilajrad  by  foith> 
aoming  hnnil. 

T»»e  judgment  of  a  Juatlce  of  the  Peace, 
when  a  «ranaeri|H  thereof  li  filed  in  the  office 
of  the  Cleric  of  the  County  Court  of  the  coun- 
ty where  rendered,  i»  a  lien  upon  (he  Debtor's 
real  eKate  in  such  county.  The  judgment  i« 
a  lien  upon  paraonal  property  only  upon  levy 
of  aaeaaeatioa. 

WAOfniOTOM. 

In  ireiieraL — a  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  Ua»  than  iiou  may  be  collected  in  a  Jua- 
tlce'i  Court.  The  Superior  Court  has  general 
juriMllctlon. 

linprtooaaMiit  for  debt  not  allowed  ex- 
cept In  caaa  of  abaoonding  dabtora.  (Con.  of 
Sute.) 

AttMhaant  is  allowad  afttait  Non-Rcai- 
dents,  and  against  Debtota  in  cases  of  tnad, 
whether  the  debt  is  due  or  not. 

Partiaa  to  the  suk.  or  iotcrcstcd  therein, 
are  competent  Witnuues. 

Cotta  of  suit,  if  brought  by  a  Non-ReaideiU 
of  the  State,  must  be  secured  in  advance,  if 
demanded  by  the  defendant,  or  the  suit  will 
be  dismlssctf. 

It  is  at  least  90  to  (k>  Days  between  tha  ler- 
vice  of  summons  on  tha  Debtor  and  obttdaing 
of  Jndgmant  in  the  Saperlor  Court,  and  6  to 
■JO  Days  in  Justices'  Couiti. 

Bxacutioa  may  Issua  in  any  Court  after 
entering  of  judgment,  unless  such  bxacutioa 
■  stayed. 

Th2  Judgment  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
when  a  transcript  thereof  is  filed  in  the  Coun- 
ty Ckrk's  office  of  the  county  where  rendered, 
is  a  lien  up./n  the  Debtor's  real  estate  in  such 
county.  Tne  judgment  Is  a  lien  upon  penanal 
property  only  upmi  l^nrof  an  execution. 

In  gMier*!. — A  daim,  debt  or  demand 
lor  less  than  $tao  may  Im  cdlected  in  a  Jus- 
tice's Court.  When  over  I50,  hu  the  Circuit 
Court 

Amat  for  debt  is  allowad. 

Attachtnant  is  allowed  against  Non-Rasi- 
dents,  and  ag^nst  Dcblon  in  cases  of  fraud, 
whether  tha  debt  ia  due  or  Mt 

Partiaa  to  tha  asit,  or  iaterestcd  therein, 
are  compaiaat  Witaossaa. 

Coats  of  MtitmuatMaacwwd  in  advance, 
or  the  suit  will  be  dismiasad. 

It  is  at  laaat  a  tola  Dm  bclwaen  the  ser- 
vice of  summons  on  the  Delitar  and  obtaiainf 
'  of  ladgaaeiM  in  the  Coanty  Coortt,  and  any 
lime  in  d  to  30  Daya  ia  Josticea*  Coarts. 

Bsaention  awy  isaaa  ia  aay  Court  after 


eataring  of  Judgment,  unleM  such  esecutloa 
is  suyed.  Such  suy  is  allowed  la  Jaalice*' 
Courts. 

The  judgment  of  a  Jnstica  of  the  Peace, 
when  a  transcript  thereof  ia  filed  in  tite  office 
of  the  Cleric  of  the  County  Court  of  tha  counijr 
where  rendered,  is  a  lien  upon  the  Dcblnr'r 
real  estate  in  auch  coumy.  The  judgment  i« 
a  lien  upcw  personal  property  only  upon  levy 
of  an  execution. 

In  general.— -A  claii  ,  debt  or  demand 
for  leu  than  |ioo  may  be  collected  in  a  Jut 
ticc's  Court.  Tha  Circuit  Court  has  general 
jurisdiction. 

Arraat  allowed  in  tort  actiona  only. 

AtMchmaut  ia  allowed  u|alnst  Non-Rssi- 
denU,  and  against  Debtors  in  cases  of  fraud, 
whether  the  debt  is  due  or  not. 

Partiaa  to  the  salt,  or  interested  therein, 
are  cocipetcnl  Witncsaca. 

Coata  of  suit  mutt  Im  secuiad  in  advance, 
or  the  suit  will  be  dismissed. 

It  is  at  leait  ao  Davs  between  tha  service 
of  lummons  on  the  Debtor  and  obtaining  of 

Ittdgmaat  in  the  Circuit  Coait,  and  6  Days 
n  Juslicet'  Courts. 

Exacation  mav  iasae  ia  aay  Court  imme- 
diately after  entering  of  Judgment,  unless  such 
execution  is  sUyed.  Svich  suy  is  allowed  in 
Justices'  Courts  onlr. 

The  Jud;<:m«it  of  a  Jastlca  of  tha  Peace, 
when  a  transcript  thereof  is  filed  in  tha  office 
of  the  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  tounty 
where  rendered,  i«  a  lien  apon  tha  Debtor's 
real  estate  in  such  county.  Tha  judgaiant  is 
a  lien  upon  personal  propaitjr  oaly  wnaa  lev- 
ied upon  under  an  execution. 
WTOIOHO. 

In  general. — A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  less  than  |aoo  may  ba  collected  in  a  Jus- 
tice's Court.  The  District  Court  haa  general 
Jurisdiction. 

Anaat  far  debt  is  allowad.    (Except  fe- 
alea.) 

Attachmant  is  allowed  against  Non-Resi- 
deata,  aad  against  Debtors  ia  cases  of  fraud, 
whether  tha  daht  is  due  or  not. 

Partiaa  to  the  suit,  or  interaitcd  tbartin, 
are  competent  WitnesMS. 

Coata  9f  suit  must  ba  secured  In  adiraaoe, 
or  the  suit  will  ba  diamiased. 

It  is  at  Icait  30  to  »  Daya  between  tha  ser- 
vice of  summons  on  tne  Debtor  and  obtaining 
of  Jadgmaat  in  the  District  Court  and  3  Days 
inlttstrcaa'Courta. 

BaacBtion  may  issne  ia  any  Court  after 
entering  of  Jndgaiait,  nnlctt  aucn  execution  it 
steyed.  Such  May  is  allowed  in  Justices' 
Oonta. 

Tha  Jvdgment  of  a  JwMca  of  the  Pnce, 
vlicn  a  transcript  thereof  ia  filed  ia  the  oAce 
of  tha  acrh  of  the  District  Court  of  tha  coanty 
where  readared  b  a  Ilea  apon  the  Dafalor's 
real  estete  in  sadi  eoanty.  Tha  Jadgawat  is 
a  Ilea  apon  paraonal  property  oaljr  upon  kvy 
of  aac 


EMAKDS. 

nt,  iinl«M  wch  tiKuUoa 
k)r  la  allowad  in  JmiIcm' 

>f  •  Jartic*  of  th«  Pc»c«, 
hartof  is  (tl«d  In  (h«  office 
County  Court  of  tht  county 
k  ll«n  upon  the  Debtor' • 
eonnty.  Th«  )ud|iQciit  i« 
>l  property  only  upon  l«vy 

•ooMmi. 

-A  claii  ,  Ma  or  tlflinanii 
nty  b«  Goll«ct«d  in  •  Jui 
Qrctilt  Court  ku  gtncrti 

in  tort  actioiM  only. 

kllowed  MpUnit  Non-Rcti- 

D«b(ort  in  cum  of  fraud, 

I  dua  or  not- 

■nil,  or  inMmltd  thtrain, 

ncMct. 

uit  bt  Mcnrtd  in  udvMct, 

dlamiiMd. 

Dm  bctwMO  Iho  Mrvice 

)  Debtor  snd  ofatalnlnv  of 

:3rcuil  Cowt,  utd  6  Duyi 

r  iane  ia  aay  Court  immc- 
ng  of  Judgmont,  unlcM  luch 
i.    Saich  tujr  it  aUowod  in 


if  • 


Juttico  of  tba  Pwce, 
hereof  te  filed  in  the  office 
I  Circuit  CoMit  of  the  teunly 
I  •  lien  vpan  the  Dabtor'i 
county.  Th«  Judgment  i* 
tl  propti^  only  wntn  Ut- 
enecudon. 

—A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
may  b«  collected  In  a  Jui- 
I  Dktrict  Couit  has  general 

(  is  allowed.    (Except  fe- 

allowed  ngfUiut  Non-Reti- 
Debtors  In  cases  of  fraud, 
is  due  or  not. 

suit,  or  Interested  thertin, 
ttfcssss. 

inst  be  secured  In  ndinnce, 
dismissed. 

to  35  Days  between  the  ser- 
Ml  tne  Debtor  and  obtaining 
lie  District  Court  and  3  Days 


y  issue  tn  any  Court  after 
cnl,  unless  ratm  execution  it 
ay  is  allowed  in  Justices' 

of  a  Jttiticn  of  the  Peace, 
thereof  is  filed  in  the  oAcc 
i  District  Cooit  of  the  oonnty 
s  a  lien  «pon  th«  Debtor's 
I  county.  The  JndgacBt  is 
Ml  property  only  upon  kvy 


Summary  of  Collection  Laws 

In  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 


itiaSAZfVi  ■••for'-**  ji-i'iiik./*.*. 


"illMiilik.i 


AfSilMS  aMMteai  mt  "^-ttasii  ■*•«•■ 

.ImHiI*  '•  niiluUon..-AM#.  "■■■■  '••^" 

Ammi 
laSoi 

4lWBl 

Jurindlctlon  of  Courtn.— MagiMraies  |jo, 
in  ton  |g;  Parnh  Courts,  |So  in  debt,  I31  in 
lort  J  County  Courts,  |jo  to  I400  in  debt.  |aoo 
in  tort  J  Hupreme  Court,  140a  and  upwards. 

Arrest— On  sflldavit  setting  Airth  cause  of 
action,  urnoum  due,  and  that  srrest  is  not  made 
for  the  purpose  of  vexing  or  harrwsing  debtor. 
Uischarge  upon  showing  no  property. 

Atuehmant  is  allowed  agalnM  NonReai 
dents,  and  against  thhUM  in  eases  of  fraud. 
fur  I40  and  upwards. 

Partloe  to  the  -uit,  or  interested  therein, 
are  competent  Witnesses. 

Contn  of  suU  must  be  secured  in  advance. 
Zi^*  be^^Suie?  **  ''•'•««1««.  or  the  suU 

It  is  at  least  30  Days  between  the  service  of 
summons  on  the  Debtor  and  obuining  of  iudg- 
meat  in  the  County  Court,  mid  (io  D? vs  in  the 
Supreme  Court. 

BiMUtlon  may  issue  In  any  Court  after 
entering  of  Judgment. 

wtraimowmorAtatmA. 

In  tenenl.— A  claim,  debt  or  demand 
for  less  than  |8o  mty  be  collected  In  a  Justice's 
UMrt.  When  less  than  ^  and  not  over  I400 
In  the  County  Cowt.  When  over  $80  inthe 
Supreme  Court. 

AmM  for  debt  is  allowed. 

Atuer  iQMit  is  allowed  against  Non-Resi. 

JlS:  *"1  'V^^.  ^**^  in  cases  of  ftand. 
whether  (he  debt  is  due  or  not. 

PnniM  to  the  suit,  or  interested  thervin. 
are  competent  Whneeses.  "«»«», 

Cent*  of  suit  must  bo  secui«d  In  advance, 
if  required,  or  the  suit  wiU  be  dismissed. 

..r****"?*?*  «"y  >«•  in  any  Court  aiUr  en- 
tering of  Judgment. 

In  K«ieria.-Claims  for  iSoorlew  on 
open  aecountSL  and  ffloo  or  less  on  defendw?^ 
signature,  eolfectlbl.  in  Division  CouTbrt 
ptrwma^  actions  limited  to  IJft  aaims  «Id 
personal  anions  fttm  |too  to  |aoo.  coUactiUe 


-J!tf!?!l^  Imfrinpnmoal  for  debt  ia  r«- 
«rictodto#loo«ad  oVer  and  Io  case*  of  ab- 


sconding or  fraudulent  creditors.  Privileffed 
Ferwns  and  Married  Women  csnnot  be  ar- 
rested  1  there  can  be  no  arrest  for  non.pav- 
mem  of  cosu,  nor  on  judgments  foi  penalties 
orrorrelturcs,ctc.'> 

AttaehmeBt  for  Debt  Is  allowed  against 
prwertvol  and  debts  due  al)scotullng  debtors.* 
.  ^■"'•'  '*  •  ■»'*.  or  persons  in  whose  be- 
half any  suit,  action  or  irther  proceeding  is 
brought,  inMituted,  or  opposed,  or  defended, 
"'••  *'''•  »<>•«••  exceptions,  competent  and  com. 
pel  able  to  give  evidence  viut  vot*  or  by  de- 
position, etc.* 

Coats  of  ■ttita  by  non-residents  should  oe 
secured  In  advance,  or  the  suit  may  be  dis- 
missed. 

.  Judgmenta  of  Diviaion  Courts  are  obtained 
in  from  IS  to  16  Days  and  execution  had 
s^aJnst  lands  after  return  of  N.  B.  where 
amount  is  over  JLfO. 

Kmcutiort  w  I  it«  issue  from  the  offices  where 
Judnncnt  U  entered  5  In  the  Superior  Courts 
or  Lsw  after  trmnsmiuion  of  Judgment  roll  to 
the  principal  office.  Such  wriu  omy  issue  at 
once  into  any  county,  etc' 

J  i  *•■»•"«•— A  party  having  a  r'w^. 
debt,  or  demand  against  another,  enjoyi  '■« 
freo  exercise  of  bis  rights,  may  sue  th«r«4  * 
in  the  nnper  court. 

Aolloo  before  the  Superior  Court  is  insli- 
tnted  by  nmimons,  issued,  sealed  and  signed 
T.u  r?*''»»>««'y  upon  written  requiJtion 
of  tho  ptaintii;  either  in  the  French  or  Enclish 
Mitnage.  ^ 

Juriadietion  of  Courtn-^Circuit  Court  up 
to  f toot  Superior  Courts  all  amounts  above 
"2   ,J""t"*«  »»♦«•  not  *llowed. 

Putin  may  appear  in  person  or  by  altor. 
"•T-  *^'*»  «»nnot  avail  themselves  of  their 
own  tetfimony  except  in  commercial  matters. 
RelatioBship  or  interest  does  not  render  a 
witnew  incompetent;  it  merely  aHects  his 
crediMlity. 

Arxmt  uid  Im^irinonmont  for  debt  and 
damages  is  allowed,  00  certain  condiUons^ 
where  amount  exceeds  I40. 

Simplo  AttMhmom  for  debt  is  allowed, 
also  Attachmom  by  Onmlshraont,  AtUeb- 
mont  in  insvoadlention  and  Attachment 
for  rent. 

Jadgmonta  may  generally  be  enforced  by 
•Mention  15  Days  after  their  date  and  8  Days 
aftCT  thsy  are  rendered  in  summaty  mattery 
as  bills,  notes,  acconnts.  etc. 

*^ *!  U.  C.  e.  (4.  «^.  8  U.  C  c.  ^4 1  Id  e  M, 
l/.C.e.sa,s.  ■4•.^    Id.c.t9,s.  ijs.    Id.c.i|,s.aai 

(6S9) 


'A^ 


ASmOIVlllKIVT  Amu  imwOLVElVCT 

In  Ihe  Vnlted  fllalea,  Terrllerlca,  Etc 

Hm  rtpMl  of  lh«  Btnkrapl  Act  and  Ui  amtnilmciiu,  which  look  tfftct  iWpHwhw  t,  ll7l^ 
NiflvM  lh«  Aptrailon  of  lh«  variout  Slala  antl  Ttrrilorlal  Act*  and  '  tw*  ralaling  lo  lh«  Aaalgn 
mania  and  intolvancy  of  itabton.  In  moal  Siitlta,  ate,  lha««  tiical  Act*  and  Iaw«  hava  ba«n 
■|»ii  Iba  Statula  bookt  for  many  yean,  In  aoma  Hlalaa,  ale.  ihay  hava  baan  anactad  In  anlicipa- 
''on  of  lh«  rejiaal  of  Iha  national  law*  on  lh«  aubjavt  of  Uankruplcy.  and  In  otkan  Ihara  arc  no 
kwa  arhalaver  upon  lh«  aubjccl. 


I 


Al  ABABA. 

No  inaolvani  law. 

Aatlf  nmanta.  ~Tu  lacure  aitdlng  dabta 
and  givlntf  pr«(arancai,  If  Ihay  Inura  lo  all 
crailliiirt  allka.  C'redllur  can  ta<|ulra  triialaa 
tit  giva  UmJ, 

ABIBOHA. 

No  Intolvtnt  lawa,  but  aaalgnmant  may  bt 
mada  for  banatit  of  cradiion. 

AKHA3IMAS. 
°    No  ln«olv«nt  Uw.     There  are  threa  S««< 
llont  III  tha  ciMJa  of  laws  ra*paciing  aaiignmant 
fur  Iha  U'lieAl  of  C'railiuiro. 

Aulgnae  thai  I  giva  a  l)on<l  and  fita  a  com- 
picia  inventory  of  Itia  propurly  ai>ai|{ned  In  tha 
offica  of  ihe  Cl<-rk  of  Ina  Court  axrrciiing  pro- 
bale  iurltdiction.  The  bond  la  to  the  State  in 
double  the  cttimaled  value  of  the  property, 
conditioned  thui  theaMignee  ahall  execute  IM 
tru«t,  tell  the  pro|>cr|y  |o  the  be«t  advaniage, 
and  pay  the  nrucectU  thereof  according  to  IM 
(crmi  thereof  and  faithfully  perform  the  dtitiet 
required  by  Uw. 

TIm  AMifQM  U  required  at  the  firet  term 
of  taid  Court  after  one  Year  from  tha  date  of 
auignmeni,  and  at  the  correaponding  term  of 
(aid  Court  every  year  thereafter,  ttnlll  the  pro- 
ceedt  of  the  property  aatigned  are  ditpoaed  of 
for  Iha  benefit  of  the  creditor*,  to  pretent  lo  aaid 
Cdurt  a  fair  written  atatement  or  account  cur- 
rent, ahowing  lubalanlially  the  condition  of  the 
eatata  or  fund  aaaigned,  which  when  filed  be- 
cumea  a  part  of  Ihe  record,  and  certified  copie* 
thereof  are  evidence  in  olhar  CourU  aa  other 
recorda. 

The  Atalgnee  la  reqaired  to  mII  all  Iha  prop- 
arty  aaaigned,  for  thepay  meat  of  debta,  at  miblio 
auction,  within  IJO  Daya  after  the  eiecation  of 
the  aaid  bond,  and  i*  ntqnired  to  give  lO  Day*' 
notice  a^  leatt  of  the  lime  and  place  of  tale. 

Any  paraon  damagad  by  the  neglect,  waata 
or  improper  conduct  of  auch  Aaaignea  ia  enti- 
tled to  htring  hia  acMon  on  tha  oond  In  tha 
aaaaa  of  the  Suia  for  hia  um. 
VAiMwmmiA. 

A  reetdeot  owtag  arara  than Jmo  awy  patUiaa  ih* 
SuM«rior  Court  wtih  Kheduta.  Tfw  cotiit  ofdan  wa 
kharif  IMO  poMcMM  wnll  Ciedttom  apeolM  aa  Aa- 
klfiia*,  no<  l«n  ihM  thirty  dnyi  aAor  |»uMltiMd  data  of 
order.  Alt  debti  >lu«  and  lo  h^ceiaa  dua  nuv  ba  novad. 
(At»l('iM  givo  twad  with  iwoutraiin).  invMUBtary 
If'itolveneyTi  by  pttilion  of  not  lea*  than  Ave  Cradilot* 
with  claln«  (■gragallna  noi  la**  ihaa  |jao.  and  varitad 
by  at  laaat  thrta  palitloiwit  ahowing  Ihiudulaat  li^an- 
llont  or  acta,  or  luiMaihilUd)  Upi  procaaa,  lor  font  daya, 
or  tuapaaalea  of  payaaanu  fer  tMty  daya.  If  MtllliM 
la  aranitad,  ptbCatdinca  aaaw  aa  id'voluniBry  inaa)v«Bey, 
Diacbaife  aiav  ba  aAar  ihiw  aioMha  Iroai  tiaM  of 
aiVudkatlaa.  Any  Cradiier  auiy  oppoaa  diachaifle,  and 
Irtfdbyiury.  VHwd  MmMiad  by  imarltoaawnt, 
COMRAB*.   He  iaaoWeat  law. 

(660) 


Aaaignnnent   muai   be   f»r   benefit  of  all 

ereiliturs. 

<!«MlffBrTI«'ITT. 

Tlia  inaolvant  U  w  la  Iha  unme  tot  foreign 
Creiliiora  aa  (or  domeatic  one*. 

Any  Creditor  having  a  claim  of  lioooravtr, 
founded  on  a  contract,  may  <\\M»e  a  writ  of  at 
lachmenl  lo  laaue.  The  Officer  rtlunta  he  can 
find  no  (impcny  to  attach,  and  than  the  Credllor 
bring*  a  petition  lo  Ihe  Court  of  Pr«l«ie  aahing 
for  the  appoinlmcnl  of  a  Trualeelo  lake  charge 
of  the  Debtor'*  c*tate.  The  Trutlee  lella  the 
properly  and  pay*  Ihe  Creditor  pro  rata.  Tha 
DeMnr  obtain*  no  dlacharge  cnleaa  ha  paya  70 
|ier  cent. 

Tha  Debtor  can  alao  make  a  volnntary 
aaaignmeni,  a.id  Ihe  Truaiee  acta  the  aame  a* 
la  aa  iavolnntary  ca*e. 

DAKOVA,  VOMM. 

An  Aaalcnmont  In  good  faith  nay  ba 
■wde,  la  iruM  for  tha  Creditor*. 

An  Inaolvant  eanaoi  giva  a  prefaraace  to 
ana  or  oMwe  of  hia  Craditof*. 
•KIJkWAMB. 

Paratma  impriaonad  for  debt,  damam  or 
coata,  by  virtue  o.'  any  procaaa,  or  commilmenl 
in  a  civil  action,  having  reaided  In  the  Stale 
for  one  Year  neat  preceding  luch  Impriaon- 
ment,  may  obtain  a  tfiaGharga  upon  petition  lo 
the  Superior  Court  of  tha  eounty  wImto  im- 
priaonad. 

Scch  retition  ahall  let  forth  the  impriaonaient 
and  tha  cauia  thereof,  Ihe  Petitioner'e  Inaolv- 
ency,  a  tM  and  true  account  of  alt  hki  real  and 
petaonal  property,  debta,  credit*,  atonar,  etc., 
with  a  Ima  liat  of  all  hia  Crediton,  with  the 
lum*  due  thean  raapactlvaly. 

Tha  CreditOfB  laall  ba  lammoNad  to  appear 
and  ahow  caaaa  why  tha  Petitioner  it  not  en- 
titled ;to  hii  diachanw  apoa  aaalmlng  aU  hia 
prooartv  for  tha  benclii  *r  hia  Otdliofa. 

SOTvica  of  luch  Mimmoaa  upon  Iha  Aflmt  or 
Attorney  of  a  Creditor  reaiding  out  of  the  Slate 
ahall  ba  a  valid  lerviGa  a*  to  tnch  Creditor. 

Any  Creditor  in  any  »um  over  I50  can  allege 
fmud  liy  aflMavit,  and  the  PMitioner  may  plead 
lo  auch  allMation,  and  it  ahall  ba  tried  by  Jury. 

If  fraud  be  proved,  or  it  ba  ihown  that  any 
goodk,  property,  etc.,  hava  bean  aecretad,  con- 
veyed, etc.,  tha  Petitioner  ia  to  ba  reoianded. 

If  no  fraud  or  other  caaaa  be  ahowa,  tha  Pitl- 
tioner  I*  entitled  to  hi*  dlacharge  after  an  aftda- 
vit  aetting  forth  auhalaniially  tha  facta  conuinad 
in  hIi  petition,  and  after  cxccating  a  dead  of 
aaaignaMnt  of  all  hia  property  to  a  TmaMa^ac 
Tiuilaee  appoiaied  by  the  Court. 

A  ^Nhnitwy  MsignmaBt  Ibr  dm 


3:_.. 


EIVCY 

lea,  Etc 

•flact  fUfiltaitMr  I,  1I7II, 
tw«  rtlaltng  to  Iha  Aialgn 
Acu  and  1aw«  hava  baan 
va  baan  atMctaii  In  anl!ci|M- 
,  and  In  oihan  ibare  ar«  no 

lutl   ba    f»i   bauclit   of  all 

t  w  w  Iha  unma  far  foraiga 
mile  ones. 

Ing  •  claim  of  liooor  •var, 
•rl,  may  <\'><t«a  a  writ  of  ai 
Tha  OIKcar  ralurn*  ha  can 
illach,  and  than  ih<  Cradllur 
IhaCouit  of  Prt>l<aic  aaklng 
,  of  a  Tf  uaita  lo  ulta  charaa 
ala.  Th«  Truxaa  mIU  ihc 
ha  Cradllor  pro  rata.  Tha 
liacha^l*  unlaaa  ha  pay*  70 

in  alao  maka  a  trolnnlary 

a  Tniaiac  acta  tha  aaaia  a« 

laa. 

rTA.  aOKni. 

rt  in  food  faith  majr  ba 

ha  Cradltora. 

anaot  glva  •  (praftraMM  to 

Cradilora. 

LAWABB. 

oiMd  for  dabt,  damwaa  or 
injr  procaaa,  or  cooiniilanani 
laving  rcaidad  In  lh«  8«ala 

I  pracAding  tuch  impriion- 
uitchargc  apon  patition  lo 

t  of  the  county  what*  iai- 

II  lal  forth  lha  Impriaonmant 
aof,  the  Pctilionar'a  inaolv- 
a  accovnt  of  all  kla  roal  and 
dabta,  cradita,  aooay.  ate., 

all  hia  Craditon,  with  lha 
Mctivaljr. 

tall  b«  awBiMMtd  to  apptar 
kjr  tha  Patitionar  ia  not  an- 
UM  wKMi  aaaignlng  all  hb 
u«  ^hk  CiMltota. 
•maiaaa  upon  the  AgMt  or 
Itor  raaiding  oat  of  lha  StaU 
rict  aa  to  tvch  Oaditor. 
in;  »uin  ovar  $y>  can  allage 
no  lha  ratitionar  nay  piaad 
ind  it  ahall  be  tried  if  Joiy. 
ed.  or  it  ba  thown  that  aay 
u,  have  been  aacretcd,  coa- 
iltiooer  la  to  ba  reoMnded. 
wr  caaae  be  shown,  the  Peti- 
hit  dlacharge  after  an  aftda- 
Maniiany  the  fads  conUtnad 
\  aft«r  cxccating  a  deed  of 
t\\%  property  10  a  TivalM  of 

by  ihe  Court, 
■aignnwnt  for  dM 


ARSIONMKNT  AND    IVSOLVENCV 


<iii 


of  Cradilnr«  may,  hy  dalala,  ha  m«d«  In  iruM 
(o  nartla*  approvtil  lijr  lh«  (  hanc«ll<ir. 

Naid  TrMit*  muM  hIa  In  lha  itMr.a  •>(  iha  Kag 
lilar  in  Chancary,  wllhin  jo  l)*yi  aflar  lha  ilatd 
of  awigiimffnt  h««  Iwan  aiaculad,  an  Invanlory 
of  lha  t«uta  *ulgn«d,  with  an  alKdavlllhat  It  la 
full  and  ciim|>l«it. 

Twu  iliMnurattcil  [Mnoniaralhen  apiMiintcd 
u  Appraiacr*,  who  rtiurn  Ihair  a|>|iraU«manl  lo 
ih*  KagMtar, 

llond  muM  ba  given  by  iha  Aulgnaa  fiir 
<luubla  lha  amuuni  of  lha  appralMmvni,  and  ha 
muM  render  an  account  of  hut  I'lutlaathlp 
onra  a  yaar. 

Kaceptlona  can  be  (ilad,  by  any  Inlaraalad 
|>«ri»,  to  tha  account*,  any  lima  within  a  year 

Tna  Awignea  can  ha  removed  l>y  tha  Chan- 
callor  for  cauta  thown,  and  a  new  one  a^- 
|K)inlad. 

I'roparty  aMignad  U  liahta  for  rani. 

The  nal  |m>c«rd4  of  the  a*iala  (hall  be  di»- 
Irihulad  pro  rata  among  Ihe  credltora, 

A  demand  axliilnir  at  tha  time  of  executing 
;h«  aaaignmant,  but  pnyahia  at  a  future  day, 
ihall  be  admitted  in  the  duiributlon  of  the 
mate. 

Excrpilont  can  be  flied,  by  any  inlaraaiad 
(arty,  to  tha  aceuuntn,  »nj  lima  wiihln  a  yrar. 

The  AMign«p  can  b«  removed  by  the  Chan- 
cellor for  Chu»a  thown,  and  a  new  one  ap- 
poinlad. 

Property  attigned  it  liable  for  rent 

The  net  procaedi  of  the  avtaie  thall  be  dla- 
iriliutad  pro  rata  among  the  Credltora. 

A  demand  exiiting  al  iha  time  of  axaciiting 
ilie  aMignmant,  but  payable  at  a  future  Day, 
ihall  be  admitted  in  the  diatribution  of  the 
«>iate. 

BivmioT  mw  imt,vuutA. 

No  ioaolvency  Act,  except  on^  providing 
f'T  the  diKharge  from  arretl  of  intolventt. 

No  one  can  be  diacharged  of  hia  debt*. 
Only  Congreta  can  legitlate  on  Ihe  matter  for 
Ihe  Oiatrict. 

„    .        .  WVOMMOA. 

No  inaolvaat  law.  but  a  general  Msignmeiii 
releaaea  Debtor. 

AatiffniBMit  meat  be  general.  Preferen- 
tial aaaignmeitt  void. 

•  WMBOIA. 

Pareooa  and  Cof poraHoM  may  aaaign  for 
bcneiil  of  Creditor!  by  de«l.  withoot  reserve. 
pviBf  names  of  Qredkors  and  amount*  due 
each.  nadwoMh,  together  with  sworn  schedule 
ofaaaeta.  Pkwferencea  are  allowed  uid  the 
Kh«l«le  MMMI  sat  forth  the  prefemd  Cieditors. 
IBAM*. 

Aa  MatgnoMiM  ofall  a  deblor'a  property. 
rea  and  penonrl.  dedncang  the  exemptiom. 
will  releaae  hin  firoa  hia  debts. 

Notice  of  heariiif  mut  }yi  pnbUshed  in  the 
;ounty  where  the  Debtor  resides,  30  Days  be- 
fore hesrli«,  sad  CssditiMrs,  having  proved  their 
claims,  eleet  an  Assignee,  who  must  give  bonds. 
A  CtmUiot  proving  frand  before  a  Juiy  will 
forever  denrive  the  Debtor  of  the  benefit  of  the 
inMlvent  iawt  otherwise  he  shall  have  hia  dis- 
charge. 

Mortgage*  and  liens  on  the  Deblor'a  prop- 
uty  art  good,  natwithstaadin|r  the  aasignnenc, 


ILLIMOM. 

Insolvent  Ael  in  (>irce  July  1,  illyy. 

it  (irtivhlet  for  volunuiy  •«ilgnm*iii  by  tile 
In'Htlveni,  which  munt  be  immeiliaicly  recorded 
III  Ihe  office  itf  the  Hcinrder  uf  Deeilt,  where 
Ilia  Debtor  llvaa,  and  lha  aulgiimcnl  mutt  have 
*itached  a  list  of  delit*  and  name*  nl  Creditor*. 
«lio  a  iworn  Invanlory  of  iKrih  real  and  par- 
tonal  ataatt. 

The  Attlgnee  mutt  give  tM)nd  In  double  the 
amount  of  lha  aaiata,  and  thall  notify  all  Cred- 
luir*  by  mall  lo  prove  their  accounts  wllhin 
three  months. 

Tha  C'ouniv  Court  hat  jurlidktion,  and  can 
remove  one  Attlgnee  and  onMtint  anoiher. 

Kvvry  «i«ignment  containing  »  |iref«reiKa  fur 
one  or  mora  Creditor*  thall  ba  void,  Fjra^n 
and  dnmasilc  Crv<iiioi*  *hare  ellke. 

IHBIAMA. 

Aeaignment  by  an  Inaolvent  mutt  be 
general,  tiid  fur  the  benefit  of  all  Credliort,  and 
liie  reirnilun  or  concealment  of  any  of  his 
pr«iperty,  or  a  preference  to  any  Creditor  or 
Creditort,  makes  the  atalgnmcnt  void. 

The  Delitor  it  not  released  unlet*  hi*  Cred- 
itor* are  paid  in  full,  and  thav  can  again  pro- 
ceed for  Ihe  balance  of  their  claims. 
IOWA, 

Asalgnmenta  muii  be  for  the  benefit  of  all 
Ihe  Crediion. 

An  inventory  under  oeth  meat  be  annesed  of 
all  his  real  and  p>«rsonal  ealate,  and  duly  re- 
corded, logcihar  wiih  ll*t  of  Creditor*  and  their 
demand*.  The  A**lgnee  file*  with  Clerk  nf 
Ditirict  Court  a  valuation  of  lald  etiate.  He 
mual  give  bond  with  eniroved  aurely  for 
doable  the  amount  of  *«id  Invanlory,  |)ub 
iMh  notice  of  aaaignmeni  for  6  week*  in 
county  ncwapaper.  and  notify  each  Credi'or  by 

nv  Creditor  may,  within  three  months  from 
m  filing  of  Assignee's  report,  appear  la  Court 
aitd  olijeci  Ic  the  claim  of  any  Crsdkor. 

The  estate  is  divided  pro  rata,  but  a  Debtor 
i»  not  cleared  of  his  reapoasibilitv  unlem  eelat* 
wjra  in  fell,  and  Judgment  may  be  had  far  tha 

All  clalma  must  be  filed  within  three  months 
from  date  of  fi.iM  pablieaikm  of  nodea. 

■AmAS. 

AaaigmBent  must  Ke  for  the  benefit  of  aN 
Creditors  alike,  no  prelkrence  of  any  kind  being 
allowed. 

Debtor  selects  an  Assignee,  who  merely  hold* 
the  property  in  trust  till  the  Creditors  elect  a 
permanent  Assignee,  who  is  chosen  at  a  meet- 
ing of  Creditors  by  Ihe  nudority  prssent. 

The  estate  ia  converted  into  monev  and  each 
Creditor  paid  pro  rata,  bat  Uie  Debtor  is  not 
diKharged  from  Us  didits  except  so  fiur  u  they 
are  paia. 

■■irrvcMT* 

A  Dobtor  mav  assiipi  hb  aHila  ia  InHl  for 
Ihe  benefit  of  all  bis  Creditors. 

If  he  should,  in  coMeoiplatloB  of  lasolveacy, 
make  preference  of  any  Creditor,  It  will  be  set 
aside  if  suit  be  brought  by  anoiher  Creditor 
wllhin  six  months.  Assignee  must  give  bond« 
and  c'ote  the  estate  within  two  years. 


i   \ 


Mi 


AMIONMBNT  AND  INfM)t.VRNCY. 


lArUMAVA. 

A  Dcbtof  111*7  Mil  Hu  <  J«ttton  ht  •  tmattt. 
and  •  MMiortijr  iMjr  grMi  tiich,  not  •ic«Mlng 
Ikrmi  f««r«. 

Brtr«r«nc«  ui  •ny  «'f««l«<it  >•  »•>««<• 

Th«  I>«l>i.»r  udiiiln*  •  .liM»MMg«  from  W«  «UlK» 
■pun  »arr«nil«r  of  hi«  |>rii|>«»i)r,  •"'!  "U  <:r««UUir» 
pntving  ih«tr  <Uh»«,  mmI  •cctfriing  «  dlviaami, 
•r*  li«rr«<l  frum  UdlMt  prtwMdtng*  (ur  th« 
Mtnca. 

A  Dabtor  owing  ••»•»  tjpo  nmy  applf  fee 
tw<i«fi(  of  liMolvtni  «cl  br  pairing  JbciS  lalo  !»• 
*ulv«iM  Cuttrt  with  bl*  (Mttlun. 

WMn  two  or  mora  Crodllon  m«Im  o«lh  m  (o 
thffir  b«ll«f  in  lh«  ln»olt»ncy  ol  a  iHUof,  and 
ihai  xh»f  bollav*  Ihctr  aggragai*  <l«)><i  amtMinl 
tp  m>ir«  Ihaii  «ioa  fourth  viart  of  ih«  daMt  pr«v 
•bU  agalntl  a  dablor,  (ha  Jiwtga  thall  dvcUra 
him  intoWant,  if  luch  alleKailoa*  arc  ptootd. 

An  Aialgnaa  :i  ohiiaan  al  IU«  (irti  maatmg  of 
Cradilon,  tMch  choica  tiatng  nuda  l>y  thraa  or 
mora  In  namhar  at  tha  untourvd  Cradiior* 
praaani  «l  iha  m«c<in|,  wb*na  dabli  amount 
colltctlvaly  to  «••  half  in  numh«r  of  iha  amount 
proved ;  and  in  !he  laierval  b»iw«an  tha  dccia 
niton  of  InaoUancy  af  Uahtor  and  choka  of 
AMlgnea  tiy  Creditor*,  tha  Court  MaMcngar 
thai  I  hold  Iha  e«tata  of  Uabtor. 

Upon  application  of  Craduom,  Um  Aiaignaa 
may  ba  raquirad  to  giva  bond. 

An  Ataignea  may  rtaovar  any  monay  paid  a 
Cradttor  on  writ,  jndgmaM  or  aaacutlon,  whan 
•ucli  paymani  W  mada  within  four  months  urior 
to  commancamant  of  Inaolvancy  prooaadingw, 
wh«fl  tueh  money  la  r«e«i*«4  aa  •  prafaianca. 
and  known  al  tha  lima  that  Dablar  ia  Inaoiwni. 

A  dlMshiTM  ihall  not  be  grantad  if  Dablor 
haa  sworn  faltily,  cttmemM  aaaati,  or  olher- 
wlaa  fnMMhilaaiily  actad. 

A  dlaohargn  may  ba  gimnt«4  any  timu  aAar 
four  moniha  from  tha  tlaw  of  laMiag  tka  war- 
nm  of  inaolvency. 

Should  Dabtof  at  in*  MMttag  ptodac*  an 
agraamani,  lignad,  by  a  majority  oi  iha  Crad- 
ilon, wywaawttug  thrw-fewtha  of  Ma  indablad- 
nam,  agradtag  t»  mmv*  n  oartahi  Mmmlaga. 
tha  jadga  ahSt  grant  a  dlaahugt  wImm  Dabtor 
hu  paid  or  icctirad  fadi  partantafi. 

■Avri^a*. 

Sial*  inaetrency  Uv  pmato  pnknauu 
uaifBincnt  if  nuida  bona  Ada  for  valM. 

■AMAowmpm. 

TiM  UnltM  Btatm  feaiikittft  A«l  of 
iMy  waa  framad  from  iha  Ota«sl  Inaolvaacy 
ActofthirStat*. 

Imolvtacy  Co«ftt  In  «adi  eotnity  art  Cotuta 
of  Rscora. 

Any  itthaMtwt  of  tlw  StaM,  tm^n§  notlMa 
than  I aoo  uf  dahta  contnetad  «1iU«  u  labab- 
iiMM  of  tha  Stata,  nay  mtf  bt  pattoloa  to  iha 
fodga  for  tha  omuMy  wttWa  MUck  ka  laiidaa, 
aauCig  forth  hii  biabiUty  to  m  all  Wa  daU*. 
andUa  wlUiiigna«  to  aarigai  aB  kia  aMaia  for 
tha  bcMfit  of  hit  Craditofa. 

Tha  Jadga  iamaa  ■  vanant  to  tha  Sharif  tU- 


ra<nlng  him  fnnhwtih  aa  M«w«ng«r  lo  lak*  pn* 
M«tUm  nf  all  lh«  miji!«,  and  k««p  (h«Mm«  uthly 
unill  an  AM!gn«a  I*  anfMriniad,  and  t  ilwu*  dH< 
mitica  of  lh«  !>r«i<a«<ltng,  and  lh«  Judga  may 
iifdar  Iha  mI*  >>(  luch  part  of  tha  «»«.la  aa  ara 
III  a  parlthatila  naiara. 

Al  Iha  Ant  maating.  iha  Dabtor  thalt  gfva  )■> 
lh«  Hagtalar  a  achadula  of  hia  talala. 

Ilalita  may  ba  pm*«<1  and  allowed  at  any 
mealing,  and  a  aal  <>tl  „(  daiita  la  allowad  whara 
Ihar"  ha«a  baan  mutaal  <r«dila. 

All  dabtt  rnual  ba  pmvan  by  naih  nf  tha  Crtd 
llor  or  kit  Agriit  or  Aimrmry,  and  tha  l>ab«nr, 
or  any  party  )h  >vlng  a  dabi,  may  ba  aaamlnad 
OH  oath. 

(laimt  ara  nt4  albnrtd  whara  praftrran<«  ha« 
baan  mada  or  given  contrary  to  tha  provlalon* 
of  Iha  law. 

Appaala  ara  allowad  by  Cradilon  or  Aaalgnaa 
from  tha  daclaion  of  a  Jadga  to  Iha  H  iparior 
Court,  and  ap)iaala  mual  \m  cntcrad  wlin  iha 
Kegiatcr,  and  at  iha  na«t  tarm  of  Court  tha 
party  amiaallng  muti  tat  forth  In  wrtlln|  hii 
claimt  tna  tama  aa  in  a  daclaratlon  in  an  action 
al  law. 

Tha  ilnal  Judgmant  of  tkia  Coart  ia  conclu- 
tiva. 

Ataigncct  ara  choaan  at  iha  Ant  maating  In 
Iha  praaanca  of  tha  ludga,  Iha  choice  to  ba  mada 
by  tna  graatar  part  la  valua  of  tha  Credllon  who 
hava  provad  Ihalr  dabtt.  provided  that  when 
Credllon  prctant  ara  ovar  flva  and  Ia*t  than 
Ian,  the  volet  df  two,  at  leatt,  and,  whan  the 
numiiar  pretani  amounit  to  Ian  or  mora,  the 
votaa  of  Ihrea  al  leatt  shall  ba  necaaaary  lo  n 
choica,  and  all  alaclioni  ara  lubiact  lo  Iha  ap- 
proval of  the  Judge,  and  tha  Aatignaa  mar  !>«■■ 
rcqulrad  to  giva  bondt,  and  tka  fudge  attign* 
and  cofivayt  all  tha  attata  to  tka  Amlgnat. 

Thia  vaala  all  tha  aaiata  in  him,  and,  aubjecl 
to  tha  law.  ditaolvaa  all  altachmanls. 

Tha  Dablor  matt  rabmit  klmtalf  to  aaamlna- 
tkm  on  oath  al  all  timaa  upon  raaaonabia  aollcc. 

Tka  aecond  mratiag  akall  ka  appolntad  by  the 
I  thraa  I 


Jodga  arai  atora  tkan  thraa  aMatkaafUr  ika  daic 
of  tha  wairaat,  and  tk«.  Pabtor  caa  tkaa  aaaami 
kia  achatkila. 

Tka  tkird  naaling  akall  ka  aofototad  by  Ihe 
Judga  within  aix  aMtaika  fraai  IIm  appointment 
of  ika  Attlgaaa.  and  at  IImI  aMatlHg.  or  any 
•naattaf  ikaraafter,  if  thaw*  to  tha  MUlaltoikm 
of  dM  Ja^  thai  tha  Uahtor  haa  oaafomMd  to 
all  raqahmBaMaof  Iha  hkv.  ha  aay  haaa  a  car- 
ttfioUa  af  diaohafga. 

Dablar  or  AaJgwaa  iMy  anaal  wUhfai  tan 
Daya  from  a  datUaa  of  a  Jadge,  apon  tha 
aaaaiiea  of  grafMhi*  a  diaalw|a,  whiah  arpMt 
Mto  tha  faparior  CiMit 

Diacharga  ia  fvHaita4  ky  oKicaadkig*  aa  tka 
part  af  Dakar  la  Hwi  of  CNdHan^  or  by  any 
■aaAdaal  ntafkiaaea  af  aav  CNnltor,  A 
DaMar  awy  iKftif  oaaaiaMiai^  aMaaa  If  aa* 
eaptod  by  thraa-foftha  f 
af  Cvadaoia  wlto  hava  fliaa 
Mndlacaaan. 

At  dw  third  oMatlag,  tha  Atohnii  ttmU  a» 
kikit  a  fair  aad  jaat  accoaat  of  all  raea^  aad 


h  M  M'^ttnff  lu  tall*  fii<* 
!«,  tnil  In**}!  ilMMm*  Mfolf 
•miotnlxt,  anil  I  i  Imm«  <Iu« 
iiling,  aiKi  th«  JiMlg*  nid^ 
ch  p*rt  of  lh»  vAKto  M  tra 
r«. 

If,  iH«  t>«M<tf  ikan  giva  (•> 
luU  of  hia  calata. 
rovrti  and   allowtd  at  any 
4T  of  Mn»  l«  •Ilo««4  whan 
ImI  cf*<lua. 

pTiiTtn  l»y  •'••h  ol  iha  Cr»il 

Ailormry,  and  ih«  I)«lMi>r, 

I  •  (Ubt,  MMy  tw  aMMinail 

linvad  wh«r«  prtf«rtnc«  ha* 
n  contrary  to  iIm  provl«l<Mi« 

tit  bjr  Crvdiion  or  Aaafgnta 
oft  Judge  lo  Iha  Hipartor 
muM  b«  cnlcrad  wiin  iha 
w  nait  tarm  of  Coyrt  tha 
1*1  att  forth  In  wrillni  hl« 
n  a  daclaratton  In  an  acllun 

rat  of  Uiia  Covrt  la  eonclu- 

oaan  at  th«  flnl  maetlng  In 
udga,  the  choice  lo  ha  ina<l* 
•  valiM  of  iha  Cradltora  who 
dtUi,  provided  that  whan 
irt  ovtr  five  and  l««a  than 
*o,  at  laaat,  and,  whan  the 
tounta  to  ten  or  mor«,  the 
laat  shall  b«  neceiaary  lo  n 
ilona  are  auhjtct  to  iha  ap 
t,  and  lh«  Aialgna*  may  \<v 
ndt,  and  IIm  ludge  nttiign* 
tataia  to  iht  AwignM. 
I  tttala  In  him,  and,  aabjccl 
I  all  attachmanli. 
Mibnit  Maiaalf  lo  namlna- 
mat  npon  rtatombU  nollca. 
lag  itMll  ba  aftpdntad  by  the 
I  tSraa  aMBlkaafUr  ika  date 
tlM.  Ptbtor  aa«  Ihan  mmixI 

f  ihall  bo  aMni»ttd  by  the 
MidMflnai  llM  appointment 
ad  at  tiMl  maating,  or  any 
If  abaam  to  Iha  taiiaMeikm 
ta  Utblor  baa  aaaformad  lo 
dM  tear,  ba  aHy  kaiM  a  car- 

aat  mjr  aafial  wkhiii  tan 
ila*  of  a  JadgOi  upon  tha 
f  a  diaakaifat  wkiah  afpaat 

rOWta 

Mt84  bypoaaadfaifi  on  Um 
«iM  ft  CMMan,  or  bgr  any 
■M  ol  Mf  Ofiwai.     A 


tteg.  tba  AialnaorfHll  ■» 
accuant  of  all  laoa^  aa4 


AMUlNMKNr   ANU  tNlUi.VtMCV. 


aayawiita  t'mcHIng  tha  ••lata,  and  can  ha  aaam- 

Inad  (Ml  •MMh  aa  to  iha  iraih  <4  <««h  aacoaM*, 
tnd  tha  J  tdga  thall  ir<i«r  divMUnda. 

Fraadtilani  eoncaalmani  of  «ny  iiart  of  tha  at- 
ma, «»»  ramoval  .»f  M  uat    >l  iha  mala,  l«  itan- 
.had  by  hnfirlMtiiniaiil   m   Hiaia    l>ri«««  for  a 
orm  iMM  •■ra«<lin|{  K«a  yair-. 

In  <wia  >4  (lartnan,  a  »*tt*i\t  m*f  twaa  hy 
<h«  Jadga  of  Iha  county  la  which  rMhar  of  tha 
l>innar«  raaltlaa,  and  taiMtriia  tmttm  of  tha 
|.«rtnar»  ara  lahati  with  tha  iiarinarakip  tCt«i«, 
in<l  (imilar  pr>Ha«ding«  «ra  n«|i|. 

(.'or|HHaiio««  craaMud  Ir;  aulhiirlly  of  ihl*  Hiala 
liny  apply  for  raliaf  In  Ilka  maxitar,  aicapl  rail- 
ti*\<l  and  iMnking  corporation*. 

If  any  p«r«<m  la  arr««tad  on  mnna  proc«'«a  In 
•  civil  aalion  for  tha  turn  of  f  too  or  mora,  and 
hM  aol  givan  Ml  bafora  tha  raium  day  of  tha 
writ  I  or  haa  tiaan  linpri«>nad  for  thirty  (iiy«( 
or  any  paraon  whnaa  rxHl/i  or  aataie  ar«aiia«ha<l 
in  a  flivtl  action  for  {loo  or  upward*,  an<l  haa 
not  diaaolrad  tha  altix  hwni  accorflmu  lo  law| 
or  if  any  paraon  ha*  rtwivad  himialf  or  any  part 
of  hi*  i)ro|Mirty  from  Ilia  Hiata  with  iniani  lo  da* 
fraud  hi*  Craditon,  m  io  pravani  it  haing  at- 
I4chad  i  or  ha*  priMsaratl  him«alf  or  hi*  propartj 
to  ba  arraatad  or  all*clia<l ;  or  ma<la  any  fraaif. 
uleni  parmani  or  convayanca  of  hia  proptriy  i 
»ny  of  ki*  Cradiion,  whoaa  claima  nrovabia 
nipiintt  hia  aalata  amount  to  iha  lam  ol^lioo  or 
mora,  may,  wMhin  90  I)*y*  iheraafiar,  apply  by 
iwiition  10  Ika  ladgo  for  tka  coanty  in  which 
>h*  Dahlpr  raaMaa,  oir  in  tha  count*  wkara  ha 
ltd  had  kla ra*ldtnea,  «<xting  forth  tha  fact* and 
the  naiara  of  taah  claim,  yariAed  hy  oath,  and 
praying  that  hit  a»lata  may  ba  aaliml  and  dl»- 
iribuiad  aoeordlaa  lo  law  t  and  afiar  du«  notice 
and  a  hearing  before  the  Judge,  if  ika  facia  ap- 
pear to  h«  iraa,  tka  Jadga  thtU  laaue  hia  war- 
rant, an  i  tha  aama  proaaading*  ahall  ba  kad  a* 
in  caaaa  of  volunlary  Inaoivancy, 

mmsmtmikit. 

Bjr  a  Oanaral  Aat  of  laaolvoiKjr  Dehion 
iiLtke  petition  to  Iha  Coart  telling  forth  tcbed> 
ul«  of  debt  and  Inventory  of  their  attala. 

Notitra  ia  itaaed  to  tth  Creditor,  and  day 
atakpiad  for  haanag  1  a  Oaktor  may  ba  aaaai' 
ined  Ml  oatb. 

If  it  ttppaara  al  tba  baarlag  tbal  ba  hat  com. 
plied  wNb  Iha  pravltiont  of  the  Sutata,  an 
aulgniMiM  it  a«dara4  to  Aatigaaa  cboaan  by 
theCradltort. 

A  Dabiar  it  antiilad  to  Ma  dheharga  on  car- 
liRcaia  of  AatigMa  of  bin  ooa^jliaaoa  with  tba 
Htatata. 

Sack  diKbarfa  lalaaaaa  tba  Dabtor  f roia  dafatt 
of  all  Cradnofa  aniliag  in  prooaadinga. 

Vtehmm  or  fimiA  baia  a  Otbtor  fimm  any 


tummwmm'WA. 

Cradltara  to  Ae  aaieuM  of  Jaop  aiay  paihion  fur  iha 
>l>l>MMaMa<  of  a  racaivar.  Coavayanca*  and  iwaftr- 
ciuct  arllhtai  bur  aMMlh*  pria*  ai«  void. 

Crtdiiera,  M  Hntatpata  In  aiairlbaiion,  miwi  ntMwa 
■he  DAwt,  wto  la  diidMaiBd  by  tba  jadi*  af  Um  M. 
•ia  Caan  aaaapi  thaud  awaatft 


MtaManim, 

Aaa%nmeni  Act  of  ig^a  compel*  imtg nae 
lo  Kla  |>eliiiim  and  boml  In  14  kcmn  He 
ikea  Iwcumaa  an  oHIcer  of  the  Court  for  the 
pur|Hiaa*  of  the  aaaignmant.  Tralarancaa  aie 
aliowail,  and  Cre<lt(ort  may  attack  by  rum- 
|>Hlilo«. 

MiMoum. 

No  Intolvant  taw. 

Aautgnmenta  —  I  he  Htalaie  providea  f«r 
amlgnnMiiu,  lull  il«l>ior  la  nut  r»t*«*»<l,  unlraa 
ataignad  a«i*i«  pay  In  full,  wiihoai  aitanl  ol 
avadliora     No  prafcrentaa  allowed. 

■ON-fAHA. 

No  Inaolvant  law. 

Common  I  .aw  a^aignmcnl  may  b«  madaj 
praftraniial  if  nu«  f^udutcnt. 

mimwM  W4IIOI.IIVA. 

Inaolvant  Dablora,  i^  order  lo  obtain  a 
<lu(h«rgif,  inu«l  filv  a  (wiiiiim  and  full  tchadule 
of  property  and  .l«».l»,  when  a  Tn»>laa  will  be 
appointed  to  hold  the  |..op*rty  f.w  the  tianalil  of 
Crtillinra. 

The  Debtor  It  iken  cniiiled  to  a  partonal  dia 
charge. 

The  debt  I*  not  diacharged  |  Crcdilort  to  ba 
bound  mutt  ba  nutihed. 

Fraudulent  proceeiling*  8«b|ect  Ike  Debloi 
to  impriaonmanl  till  he  (aufces  full  turrender. 

OanaeaJ  Inaolvcncy  Act  pit«*«d  In  1877. 
Any  partoa,  toUcnl  or  Intolvcni,  may  «*>«ign 
hi*  property  lur  the  Iwiieht  4)f  hi*  Crtdllor 
No  diMriinlnation  i*  maile  in  favor  of  home 
or  againal  foreign  Cre.lilor*.  and  no  diicharue 
of  any  unpaid  |iorti<m  of  debt.  No  preference 
eiccpt  for  labor,  not  to  exceed  |ioa  Ulttrict 
Court  ha*  power  to  enforce  the  law,  appaala 
may  ba  taken  to  Supreme  Court.  I'ariy  mak- 
ing aaaignmant  aelccu  hia  own  Ataigncca. 

t      ._      ^  "WrABA. 

ci!l!I°J#!ru.1***1L"'l**'  ^J»*^*i-'  ••  tf-  DlMrict 

WSL.^.^ctcyr'j.v^iisiiS*!'"''-^- 

miw  ■AMtramuL 

Tbara  la  an  inaolvant  taw,  P.  8.  cigi. 

An  AaalninMBt  may  be  mada  by  a  Debtor 
for  tha  banaM  of  bla  Cradiion,  and  tuck  aiaign' 
mcnt  doaa  not  annnl  any  prior  mortgaga  or 
tale,  or  dtaolva  any  aiUchment,  or  Wnd  any 
Creditor  who  witbiu  10  Dayt  from  public 
Bottoa  itgnUiaa  hU  obiactlon  to  tack  aatigmncnt. 
mit  for  whicb  objection  be  k  andar  no  obliga- 
lion  to  aatiga  a  naaoa. 

pt  hw  la  not  of  aajr  practical  lervica  to 
aitbar  ^btor  or  Creditor. 

..    .  MBW  JMBKEt. 

Under  tho  fmoraf  inaolvant  taw  DaU^rt 
"•y  "•'l"  tbair  proparlv  for  the  equal  benefit 
of  all  their  Qraditoia,  file  an  Inventwy  and 
achedulc  of  aatctt  under  oath  to  tha  Sunrooata 
of  tha  rVMinty.  But  tha  debta  of  tboaa  who  do 
not  preacnt  and  prova  tbair  ctaina,  ara  Ml 
diac  barged. 


664 


ASSIGNMENT  AND  INSOLVENCY. 


An  Anignee  mtkei  dividend  aftar  3  monthi 
■t  t)ie  next  term  of  Court  following  MiiRnmcnt, 
and  hu  power  to  mU  property.  eUher  at  private 
or  public  Mie.    Aiiigncea  shall  account  finally 

In  one  year.      

MBW  Hxnoo. , 

Aaalgnmant  Uwn  provide  for  volnntary 
auignment  for  the  benefit  of  all  Crediton.  No 

preicrencet. 

■^  OTBW  TOBX.  .  .       , 

Th«  Inaolvent  Uw  was  pawed  In  I877. 
-  It  requires  the  recording  of  the  a»ilgninent  in 
the  county  where  the  Debtor  retide*. 

The  Aulgnce  ihall  file  an  Inventory  of  aatett 
and  liablUtiet. 

County  CourU  have  Jnrladlction  with  power 
to  cite  and  examine  partlei,  and  compel  produc- 
tion of  booki,  to  require  Anignee  to  account, 
to  decree  payment  of  dividend,  and  to  dii- 
charge  Aulgnee  and  hli  lureliet. 

In  practice  the  whole  matter  to  (tnt  to  a 
Referee,  who  reports  what  perceniag*  the 
etUte  ought  to  pay. 

The  confirmation  of  ihto  report  authortoea  the 
payment  of  the  pro  raU  ahare,  and  om  proof  of 
payment  or  deposit  of  unclaimed  shares,  the 
Aulgnee  is  enttiled  to  hit  discharge. 

OHIO.  _^ 

Insolvent  Debtora  may  assign  to  Tmaice 
for  the  benefit  of  CreditoiT  Trustees  moat, 
within  ten  days,  file  a  cow  rf  the  original  as- 
dgnment  In  the  Probate  Conct,  and  file  a  bond 
at  the  approval  of  the  Judge,  and  within  w 
days  file  an  Inventory  of  the  pronerty.  liie 
property  i»  then  appraised  by  three  difcintcraated 
parties  appolntcM  by  the  Probate  Judge. 
Trustee  files  at  the  same  timo  a  schedule  under 
oath  of  all  the  debts  within  hto  knowledge, 
and  gives  notice  of  appointment  in  newspapers 
for  three  weeks.  He  then  moat  proceed  Xz 
convert  the  property  Into  money  by  order  of 
the  Probate  Judge.  Creditors  have  sis  months 
In  which  to  file  their  dairas.  Assignee  can  pay 
dividend  at  the  expiraUon  of  eight  Cdonths 
from  his  appointment,  and  tfieteafter  on  order 
from  the  Probate  Judge. 

.    okliAHOKA. 
.    The  civil  codf  of  KnoMe  la  ia  fcre*, 
with  few  changes. 

AasigBmmts  mu»(  be  neotM.   CUtas  <BUil  b« 
praaniMd  wlihlnthrwaoaihssAwMlietardM  SMten- 

ftill.iuilcuyipwoml.  oTllMMMhssbMapaid.  TIm 
■H^mtnt  doM  not  ditehMfi  iIm  DtMor. 

nanmhrMSOA.  .     , 

All  atsignmenu  of  property  in  tmet  by  Inaol- 

vent  Debtors  are  held  lor  the  benefit  of  all  the 

Creditors,  must  he  recorded  within  30  days,  and 

Assignee  must  file  Inventory  and  appmisement 

of  the  estate  to  the  Conrt  of  Common  Pleaa, 

.  and  give  bond  in  double  appraised  value. 

The  Court  has  full  discretton  in  the  sctUement 

and  distribution  of  the  assets  I  claims  can  be  ne- 

sented  at  any  time  befort  common  distribution. 

The  right  of  dower  is  not  batted  by  the  as* 

signmeift.  and  a  I$ebtor  mqr  nak*  pniintnce 

by  conlteing  judgment 


■HODB  nOJUID.  •       ^ 

Thrnr*  ia  no  distinct  Inaolveat  or  bun* 
rupt  Uw,  b<'it  assignments  are  resttlatcd  by 
common  law  and  public  sUtutes.  No  assign- 
ment can  give  pieferenc  to  Creditors,  ex- 
Creditors  of  the  Sute  or  United  States,  or 
wages  not  exceeding  9ioo  for  each  person, 
earned  within  6  months  of  the  assignment. 

All  judgmenU  must  be  by  virtue  of  suit  and 
regular  proceedlngi  in  <cipen  Conrt.  Bonafiit 
conveyances  are  valid  at  any  time.  Fraudulent 
conveyances  to  conceal  oropcrty  from  Creditors 
are  void  as  a|^s^  other  Creditors. 

All  Creditors  must  present  their  claims  to 
the  Assignee  inside  of  6  months  firom  ty  date 
of  published  notice  of  assignment  or  thev  will 
be  batred  as  against  lands  in  bands  of  Assignee. 
Anv  assignment  at  common  law  Is  good, 
except  as  modified  by  the  Statutes.  Attach- 
ments  or  levies  on  Debtor's  property  mav  be 
suspended  by  DeUor,  if  within  60  days  from 
Its  dal%  be  cxoeutea  and  records  a  genersl 
assignment  for  the  benefit  of  all  his  Qredilors 
equally.  .      . 

Costt  of  attaching  Oredltors  are  saved  and 
become  part  of  their  elaima. 

In  case  a  Debtor  commits  or  omits  an  act 
by  means  of  which  a  Creditor  ofaUins  prefer- 
ence. Creditors  representing  a  fifih  of  Debtor's 
liabilitiea  may  netltion  the  Supreme  Conrt  for 
appointment  01  a  receiver  to  distribute  the 
estate  equitably  under  supervision  of  Cbnrt. 

Conveyance*  and  payments  made  within  60 
days  of  such  prooeedii^p  »•  ^1^  *■  ^  ^'*^' 
Itors  receiving  same  with  knowledge  thM 
Debtor  wm  insolvent 

The  Debtor  must  file  a  sdiodnle  of  his 
debts  and  property. 

■otom  e«BOUKA.  ^  ^  ^ 
IiM^vtuey  and  aaiignment  are  the  subject 
of  distinct  Statutes  and  thdr  amendments. 
No  Debtor  can  make  »  preferential  amign- 
ment  A  Debtor  is  cxclwbd  fkom  the  betefit 
of  the  ad  "  who  shall  have  within  three  months 
before  hto  assignment,  or  at  any  time  since, 
paid  or  assignadhto  estate,  or  any  part  thereof, 
toone  Oedttor  In  pnfereno*  to  another,  or 
frandttlently  sold,  conveyed  or  assigned  his 
eatata  to  dafrand.  hto  CNdttois." 

ynwnaver  estantfon  against  a  In^megt 
Debtor  has  been  ratumed  ansatisfied,  or  avcii 
■pon  execntlon  tosued,  and  affidavit  to  flude 
that  the  Debtor  has  property  whidi  he  rerncs 
to  apply  lothe  jttdgment.the  Tndgemavcuse 
him  to  appear  and  answer  by  examlnaUoo. 
Either  party  may  call  Witnesses.  Attendance 
can  be  enforced.  If  affidavit  alleges  coneesl- 
mant  or  intent  to  leavt  State,  defondaat  mu« 

eve  bond  not  to  dbpoae  of  hto  pK»ar^,aaa 
defiinlt  of  bond  may  be  eommlttad. 

■mnn:  dakova. 
Thai*  is  an  aaalgiiBMnt  but  no  teaolveat 
tow.  There  can  be  BO  preferential  aasignrnMA 
bat  tadgment  by  deianit  or  coHfoaitoa,y  be 
made  to  friends  If  act  t^Med  with  ftaad. 
Assignor  mntt  make  and  file  Inventory  shew 


uioDB  in.Ain>. 

»  distinct  InMlvmt  or  bank- 
t  wiignmenti  we  rMulatcd  by 
Md  public  lUtutet.  No  aMign- 
■  prererenc^  to  Creditort,  •%' 
the  Sute  or  United  Suuce,  or 
iceedlng  #iao  for  each  pcnon, 
6  month!  of  the  anignment. 
nU  muit  b«  by  virtue  of  suit  end 
idlnri  in  i£»pcn  Co«irt.  BomaAdt 
tre  valid  at  any  lime.  Fraudulent 

0  conceal  property  (ram  Crediton 
pdu^  other  Credlion. 

srt  mutt  preaent  their  claimi  to 
faidd*  of  6  moniht  from  tl^  date 
notice  of  aaaignment  or  thew  will 
gainit  funde  In  bands  of  Atsignee. 
iment  at  coinmon  law  is  good, 
diliedby  the  Statute*.  Attach- 
let  on  Debtor*!  property  maT  be 
r  OeUor,  if  within  to  daya  from 
Diecutea  and  records  a  general 
■»  the  benefit  of  all  his  Qrediton 

ttaehing  Creditors  are  saved  and 

of  their  dalasB. 

Debtor  oomnits  or  omits  an  act 

which  a  Creditor  obtains  prefer^ 

>r*  Npresentlng  a  fifth  of  Debtor*! 

ly  petttiMi  the  Supreme  Conrt  for 
of  a  receiver  to  distribiite  the 

My  under  snpenristoa  of  Court. 

ee«  and  payments  made  within  60 

1  pfoceedl^ga  are  void  as  to  Qred- 
ing  isme  with  knowledge  that 
iniolvent. 

tor  must  file  a  sehadol*  oC  Us 


■omni  c*BouitA« 
ey  and  astignment  are  the  subject 
Statutes  and  their  amendments, 
can  mako  a  preferential  a«ign> 
debtor  is  esclnded  from  the  beicfit 
irho  shall  havo  within  three  months 
assignment,  or  at  any  time  since, 
mad  Us  estate,  or  any  part  thereof, 
Ittor  in  pnferencw  to  another,  or 
r  sold,  conveyed  or  assigned  his 
ftaadUiOreditors.*'  - 
IT  esec^ioa  acUaat  a  {ndgmeat 
been  ratnmed  mmtisfied,  or  ev« 
lion  issued,  and  affidavit  i>  nf^e 
btor  has  property  which  he  refiMCi 
Om  Ja^^maat.  the  Judge  msv  CMM 
pear  and  answer  ny  examination, 
r  may  eaU  WitnesK!.  Attendance 
«eed.  If  affidavit  alleges  coaeesl- 
ent  to  leava  Slate,  defMdaal  ma« 
lot  to  dbpoae  of  his  nroner^,  and 
if  bond  may  be  eommmad. 

gOU'M  DAKOTA. 
I  an  MaicBnMnt  but  no  imilveat 
«  can  be  BO  preferential  assigMMS^ 
mt  by  detank  or  eonfMsloa,  can  bs 
Mends  if  iMt  tainted  with  ftaud. 
lutt  make  and  file  inventory  show- 


ASSIGNMENT  AND  INSOLVENCY. 


«<s 


ing  the  Crediton,  kind  and  amount  of  debt 
due  each,  and  all  hit  own  property,  within  SO 
Dayt  of  date  of  auignment,  and  to  be  verified 
by  affidavit.  Assignee  muit  file  bond  in  30 
Dayi.  The  Circuit  Court  Judge  has  charge 
of  all  proceeding!  in  auignment. 

No  general  inaolvent  law. 

A  Debtor  may  make  an  a!!ignment  for 
benefit  of  all  Creditors  equally.  No  prefer. 
encc!  allowed. 

ncxAa. 

Assignments  must  be  recorded  aa  deed!  are 
b|r  A!signee,  who  gives  bond.  Assignee  must 
give  notice  within  thirty  days  of  appointment. 

Crediton  must  file  claim!  under  oath  within 
six  month!  after  notice,  they  having  accepted 
the  aitl^nment  within!  four  month  after  notice. 

Debtor  slanda  diicharged  from  further  lia- 
bility to  asaenting  Creditor,  when  assignment 
bas  paid  33>{  per  cent,  of  said  Creditor's  claim. 

UTAH. 

No  Insol^ant  law. 

TKRHOlfT. 

Insolvant  law  passed  1876,  to  take  effect 
on  rejieal  of  "  United  State!  unkruptcy  Act," 
it  modeled  on  the  Maaaachnaetts  iMSolvency 
law. 

Under  this  law  foreign  Creditors  will  be 
notified  and  be  entitled  to  participate. 

TIBOIMIA. 

No  insolvent  law. 

Debton  may  aiaign  for  the  benefit  of  Credi- 
tort, and  may  prefer  Crediton. 
wAannroToif. 

The  insolvant  Debtor  petitions  the  Su- 
perur  Conrt,  and  obtains  a  disduuge  from 


his  debts  npon  lunender  of  his  property  unlem 
guilty  of  fraud.  No  dltlinction  between  foreigi, 
and  home  Credit'  n.  /hirty  days'  notice  of 
meeting  of  Creditors  must  ke  given,  when  they 
elect  not  more  than  three  Aaaignees,  who  give 
bond. 


VIBOntlA. 

An  aasignment  law,  no  inaoivent  law. 

Anv  Debtor  may  make  a  gener;<i  assignment 
for  all  bis  Crc'diton,  Init  all  preferences  are 
void. 

An  assignment  does  not  operate  aa  a  dis- 
charge in  full. 

wnoomnr. 

General  ineolvancy  law,  and  voluntary 
«sa>-*>ment  act. 

i  inaolvent  Debtor  may  anign  his  prop- 
erty, ..take  a  petition  to  the  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court  containing  a  schedule  of  niaaffain  under 
oath,  and  be  dlKharged. 

A  record  of  the  aaiignment  i!  made  In  the 
office  of  the  Register  of  Deeds. 

The  A!!ignee  must  be  a  resident  of  the  Suie 
and  execute  a  bond  to  the  County  Judge  forthe 
nominal  value  of  the  asset!.    - 

He  mu!t  convert  the  estate  into  money  and 
diitribute  in  according  to  (he  order  of  the 
Court 

WTOMIKO. 

Tha  Asaignea  of  insolvent  Debtor  givea 
undertaking  to  Sute  with  at  least  one  sufficient 
security,  to  be  approved  by  Clerk  of  District 
Court,  in  a  aum  double  the  value  of  aisigned 
Hoperty,  for  the  &ithful  dischargeof  his  duty. 
Creditors  accepting  dividends  release  the  As- 
signor from  further  liability. 


CMlectlMi  orclalBit,  Debts  aMdllenaBdt. 

(OaaiMaaodI  ft«na  pav*  MS.   ■eopagoM*.) 


OKZAHOKA. 

Tne  dvil  co^e  of  Kaasaa  is  in  force,  with 
few  changes. 

■OinrH  DAKOTA. 

In  CMl«ntL— Circuit  Courts  have  un- 
KmitedTarisdiction.  Coumy  Conrts  have  orig- 
inal  probate  jurisdiction  and  concurrent  jhds- 
diction  with  CSrcait  Conrts  hi  coanties  whoae 
populatton  ia  over  10,600^  to  amonnt  of  f  1,- 
000;  in  other  counties  to  150a  Justitts* 
Courts  have  jarisdictkm  where  clatan  does  not 
exceed  f  100  and  title  to  real  estate  is  not  in- 
volved. 

Amtt  allowed  in  cases  not  arising  ottt  of 
contrsct,  where  defendant  ia  Non^Resident  or 
about  to  iMBove,  for  peoaltiea,  damages  for 
breach  of  praasise.ambfisshnnent,  ooneuiUaent 
of  property,  ftaad.   '    . 

Attachaaat  issues  against  Mon-Rcsidents, 


and  against  Debton  for  concealment  of  prop- 
erty, removal,  or  fraud. 

Interested  parties  may  be  witnesaes. 

In  Circuit  or  County  Courts  defendant  has 
30  Days,  excludve  of  day  of  service,  in  which 
to  anawer  before  judgment  can  be  had  for  de- 
fault. In  Justices'  Courts  summons  returnable 
in  not  lesa  than  three  nor  more  than  la  Days, 
and  ju^ment  may  be  entered  on  day  of  re- 
turn. Service  may  be  had  by  6  weeka*  publi- 
cation in  newspapers,  where  defendant  can- 
not be  found. 

Money  judgments  in  Circuit  or  County 
Conrts  are  a  lien  on  all  real  property  except 
homestead,  fai  any  covnty  where  judgment  or 
transcript  of  tame  is  entered.  Execution  may 
iisne  any  time  in  5  yenrs,  returnable  to  Or- 
cult  and  County  Conrts  in  60^  and  to  Justices^ 
Coatts  in  30  Days. 


BXSIHPTIOM  OF  PBOPBRTY  FBOML  SALB,  ETC, 
la  the  United  States,  Terrlt^riee,  Etc 

EMmvUoB  it  lb*  right  of  »  Debtor  to  wuln  •  certtln  amoiint  of  proMib  without  ita  being 
liable  toattachment,  dl*rei»  or  execution,  or  any  other  procea  at  the  wit  cf  *  Creditor. 

A  indament  createa  no  Hen  upon  property  exempt  from  execution,  etc.,  and  execution  cwatet 
Bo^wS^wr  H.  (tl  Illinoia.  p.  105  ;  14  Ben.  ftonroe  p.  475  ).„  !»  «•  P«»f  <»  »*y«"«»  ** 
mSi  of  the  law.  in  the  abaohiie  control  of  ita  Owner.  The  iaw  w.l  take  cognl«nce  of  it  only 
for  the  pwpoar  of  protecting  the  Owner  in  ita  enjoyment.    (40  Mualalp^  tt^K t  ux 

IVr>^^mpt^fet«llM  death  of  a  Debtor  conlinaea  exempt  afterward  fn  favor  of  hU 
V.'mIow  v»d  Children.    (47  Barbour,  7,  479-) 

H^ULrtEAJk 

In  eonntnr,  ifo  acreat  one  acre  m  dtv. 
Stock  in  tm«Ie,  I400  s  fumltare,  (armiagjtooli, 
Uva-alock,  profeeeional  library,  etc 
■JEMTtTOKT. 

Land  and  dwelling  houM  not  exceeding 
|l,ocOk  spacMied  artidca  of  perianal  property 
of  limited  valne,  profeuional  library  to  the 
value  of  Isoa 

One  hundred  and  lUtv  acrea  of  land  not 
exceeding  |a,ooo  in  value,  aad  ceitata  en- 
merated  attidea  of  penonalty. 

Homestead,  if  duly  claimfld.  fjoa  A  large 
number  of  ennm^rated  articlea  01  penon«lqr> 
KABnUUI0. 

One  hundred  dolUra  of  pc<^peity,  euept 
for  breach  of  pramii*  or  aeduetioB. 


Hooie  and  lot  In  city,  town,  etc.,  or  in 
country,  160  acrea  not  exeaeding  in  value 

Homealead  not  exceeding  $4jooo  in  vake ; 
bottsaboid  fnmkuf*,  eto.,  |l,00O;  no  exemp- 
tion to  perKtna  withoot  family  or  dependeitfa. 


Peraonalty — unmarried  man,  JtJOO;  mar- 
ried, fjoo;  homeatead— not  exceeding  $»,- 
(oa  In  cities  and  towna,  one  acre  i  In  coun- 
try, 160  acrea;  but  if  homestead  be  no  more 
lluui  eighty  acre*  in-  country,  or  one-quarter 
•er«  in  town,  its  value  la  unlimited. 

A  homestead  of  I5.000b  if  declaration  of 
homeatead  bproperly  filed;  also  a  large  nam* 
ber  of  specified  articM  of  peraonalty. 
OOIARABO. 

Large  number  of  spedfisd  articles  of  per- 
sonalty, la  bvor  rf  SSS^.  jlf./??^**"' 

Necessary  hoosehoid  fismUure ;  implenNnia 
of  Debtor's  trad*  (  Wbttaj  iHy^tockt 

ISO- 


#75  to  #175  in  New  Castle  Co. :  #50  to 
#1(0  in  Kent ;  none  in  Sussex. 

Furniture,  #309  (  toola,  #aoo ;  stock.  #aoo ; 
professional  library,  #yip;  fiunlly  library, 
#400;  eamii^  oat  abovo  #100  per  mantk 
to  married  persons. 

WtOWBtDA. 

Horn  -iead,  160  acraa  of  laadi  oM-fealf 
acre ia dty)  #i/xopersonalty. 

Real  and  peisosal  property  to  vnhw  of 
#t,6oa  Exemption  minr  M  waived  in  writ- 
ing, except  #|oo  worth  of  ftebitttire. 


Homcatewi,  #i,OQa    Fonritiio,  etc,  ftmf 
ing  atenaila,  toMs  of  trade,  mining  fawplw 
mcnts,  profeasiaiial  Ufaniy,  iBS>nimeBta,wani. 
roiM,  cartmaa'a  "^ 


#i/x»hoiMstead,a«d  #40»  penooalty,  to 
heodof  iismily)  to  others,  ^ooonlgr. 
miiAiiA* 

#600  to  householder.  No  noperty  cut  be 
sold  for  less  than  twO-Aiida  ita  appcaiscd 
vilue»  unless  Deblw  waive  the  reUet 

HoatMtad,  In  |own.  brif  aere;  eomnry, 
fatty  aerdi ;  also  eertsiii  wrtielea  of  penondtf, 
and  fMO  fttmitart. 
(666) 


Homestead  valued  at  #Soo,  if  pnqperly  re. 
corded  aa  homestead  proper^;  also  eeitafai 
articlea  of  panomhy. 

#1,500  homestead;  funitore,  #a5Q;  slock 

#350;  ^^^^l^j^SSti' 

80  acres  homestead,  or  lot  aad  hovse  in 
pUtled  dqr  or  village  of  over  5/>oopopuhtion, 
or  Xt  acre  if  populatioa  it  less  than  5,000; 
sundry  articlea  onpersonalty. 
KMnnppi. 

Homestead  not  over  160  acres,  or  #3,000 
ia  valM,  Ma*  b»  iacnaaad  to  #3,000  by 
proper  prooeedings;  wagea  to  head  of  family, 
hooper  BMalhf  otlMr  persons,  #w;  sandiy 
other  articles  of  pwsroafty. 

Homestead,  #bS«0>  •"<>  fy»  penoo^l^r 
to  heads  of  (amiifes.  ;  In  ddea  of  40,000  !»• 
habitanta, homestead tawbe  #3/»o Ui vidae. 

HoaaoMMd,  countty,  nsod  fo*  afHeultaral 
purposes,  1160  acrea,  with  baUdiagt.  ate, ;  in 
towa,  eae^buth  aci«{  valae,  |tt,500,  and 
tha  oaaal  aaaaant  of  peMMBdqF  exempt  ia  tadi 


Homestead,  #S,iQ00t  or  ia  Uea  therooT  #500 
asperaeoMky:  alaospedfied  aitldea  of  pe^ 
soaalty  to  hmS»  of  fimdlies. 

Boeka,  ale.,  #100;  fcrainie.  RwHodt, 

seeds,  ete.,  #|oo;  tools  aad  piofasaioaal  te- 

s»«nMal»t  maer^caMa  aad  taoli,^|ooMds 

WMS,  ffjD;  tenaatatd,  |S«aaeto  imit  <f 

I  fiuuliM. 


in  SALE,  ETC, 

(iropei^  without  lit  bring 

httaitdl  m  CrwlUor. 

n,  etc..  Mid  execution  craate* 

It  !•  placed  beyond  the 

ill  t^e  eognitance  of  it  only 

pt  aftenrard  in  favor  of  hit 

Jo  acrea;  one  acre  A  dtr. 

|00 ;  (uraiture,  fiunalBgjtoou, 

iomd  library,  etc. 

unmrcKT. 

'cllina;  house  not  exceeding 

aiticMa  of  penonal  property 

,  prof^MioBal  Ulmry  to  the 

ind  liatv  acres  of  land  not 
3  in  vJiM.  aad  ceitaia  «m- 
jfpcnwMilqr. 

duly  dained,  f  ua  A  large 
irated  articles  of  personalty. 

dollars  of  pcoperty,  except 
miie  or  seduction. 


luadatlSPO,  if  properly  re- 
atead  property}  ako  ceitain 


lead}  fumkure,  $*S9l  itock 

estead,  or  lot  and  house  in 
kge  of  over  «,ooo  population, 
nilatkm  is  less  than  5,000; 
rpersonalty. 

ot  over  ite  acres,  or  |3,ooo 
bo  iaoteaaed  to  l3,ooo  by 
igst  wages  to  head  of  family, 
i  eiher  jpersons,  fM;  sundry 
pcnonaltT. 
M  IBM  mil  I 

HbJOO,  nrid  #300  pettpnalty 
ill««.  Inddcsof  40,000  in. 
itcad  inay  be  #3,000  faji  ndue. 
twmtAmL  .  .  . 
oanny,  uaod  fo*  agilenltwiu 
»«s,  with  buUdinp,  cte, }  in 
h  acrat  value,  |&,500,  and 
tt  of  pewoaehy  exempt  la  andt 

bMXWk  or  in  Ueu  thereof  tsao 
ilse  spedfiod  aitidea  of  pe^ 
I  of  Indies. 

#100  {  niiuitiiN,  'HvU'wodt, 
a;  totUt  nad  prefasdoml  in- 
ir^oAfai  and  tool«,^(OOiMk: 
MBcsifed,  fStoeeto  haaiAi  «f 


EXEMPTION. 


667 


»BW  HAaMHIBK. 

Hoosettead,  #500;  furniture,  tools,  certain 
live-stock  I  wages,  lao. 

.  Jbw  jMMav. 

HomeMead,  $ijooq,  faoo  selectea  t»y  the 
Debtor  from  the  goo(b  levied  on  and  <ppraiied, 
snd  all  wearing  apparel  of  head  of  a  family. 
KBW  MBXIVO. 

MoaMslead.  1 1,000.  Tools,  etc.,  if  head 
of  a  lamily )  if  not,  then  iico  only. 

MBw  rowak. 

Two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  in  necessary 
household  familure,  tools,  etc.  t  also  f  1,000 
homestead,  when  recorded  as  such  and  occu- 
pied by  Debtor. 

^     ^   B9KTII  OAB9UVA. 

One  thooMud  dollars  leal  estate  add  $yto 
of  personal  property. 

MomTII  BAK«TA. 

Homestead,  in  country  itio  acres,  in  dty  one 
acre.  Personalty,  |i,500.  Furniture,  etc., 
150a  Live<stock,  etc.,  farming  utensils,  tools, 
professional  library  or  instrumenU,  etc.  Also 
other  aitidea.    Partnership  firms.  $t .  too. 

„      .  •»■•.  "^ 

Ceitain  spedfic  artic'es  of  household  furni- 
ture, etc.    Homestead,  lljOOO,  or  to  head  of 
family  in  Heu  of  homestead,  I500  personalty. 
•KI>ABI«H4u 

To  head  of  (unily  160  acres,  outside  of  dly ; 
inside  of  dty  i  acre ;  (tamiture,  live-itock ;  90 
days'  wages  I  to  dngle  person  only  i^ard, 
booki^  wages,  etc. 

Houehold  fumitnre.  etc':,  Ijoa  Tools, 
etc., #400^  other  peisonalty,  about  $»»$•,  fiun- 
ily  homestead,  |i,jao. 

.  rBBmriiTAKiA. 
Personal  or  real  estate  to  the  amount  of 
Ijoa    It  may  be  waived  in  writing. 
KHO»B  IBLAB*. 
HouaehoM  furniture  and  family  stores  not 


exceeding  I300 ;  wearing  apparel   snd  tools 
to  value  of  |aoo;  det>ts  secured  by  note. 
aOVTH  VABOMBA. 

A  homestead  exemption  of  one  thousand, 
and  I500  in  personalty  are  allowed. 
iOOTBt  DAKOTA. 

Books,  laoo;  apparel;  the  homestead; 
1750  in  furniture  if  head  of  family,  and  |joo 
if  single.  VBVHBmBK. 

Homestead.  I1.000;  a  large  number  of 
specified  articles  of  personal  properly. 

Specified  arricles  of  personalty ;  homestead 
in  country  300  acres,  in  city,  land  l5,ooo  in 
value  at  time  of  designation,  without  refer- 
ence to  value  of  improvements. 
UTAH. 

Homestead.  #1,000  to   Judgment  debtor; 
wife  #500;  #350  to  each  member  of  family; 
furniture  I300;  other  spedfied  articles. 
▼BBMOBT. 

Homestead.  #500 ;  spedfied  articles  of  per- 
sonalty. TiBaimA. 

Two  thousand  dollar  homestead,  except 
when  waived.  Specified  articles  of  personal 
property  which  could  xldom  exceed  I300  in 
value.  WASmwoTOlf. 

Homestead.  |i.ooo.  Tools,  etc.,  farmer 
I500.  mechanic  I500,  professional  |6oo) 
earnings  for  60  days. 

„    ^  WBBT  TIBaiiriA. 

To  head  of  family,  laoopersonahy;  |i,ooo 
homestead,  if  recorded  as  such. 
WIMJOBBfir. 

Homestead,  in  country,  forty  acres ;  in  dtjr 
or  village,  one-quarter  of  acre;    furniture, 
#aoo;  abo  certain  tpedfied  artides. 
WT«aiH«. 

Homestead,  #1,500.  Tools,  library,  etc., 
#3oa  Household  property,  #5oa  Wearing 
appard,  #150,  etc.,  ete. 


!■  the  B«BiiBl««  of  CaMda. 

nets  itod  seines  in  use,  tub,  washing  machine, 
wringer,  3  pails,  3  irons,  i  blacking  brush, 
broom,  <o  books,  fcmily  portraits  and  paint. 


.„     . tVBBWaOK. 

Wearing  apparel  and   bKkUng.   kitchen 
itensils,  and  tools  of  the  Debtor's  tnde  or 
calling,  to  the  vahie  of  #iaa 
^•▼A  mcvnA. 

See  acttoas  or  suits,  Arraat  and  Attadiment, 
de..  Assignment  and  Insolvepcy. 

Minor  articles  exempt  qidte  saaoe  as  in 
Quebec,  hut  Aindtare  value  runs  to  #500, 
tools  of  trade  and  jpiolessien  to  #5oa  Add 
160  acrea  of  land  and  imfRovements,  seeds 
for  30  acris.1ionie  of  other  than  famer,  if 
not  over  #1,500  in  vain*. 

By  Att  156 of  KMded'Code,  debtor  may 
(dect  (i)  bedding  and  bedstead  in  fenlly  use, 
(2)  weaftqg«ppanl  aectisary  for  sdf  and  fiun- 
''y>  (3)  s  atoets,  pines,  and  ftc-irona,  (4)  dsm- 
iiy  oooUof  vtendu,  knivea,  and  cioefcery  in 
use,  a  tahiea,  t  cupboards,  lamp,  mirror, 
wadiataad  aad  aeceaiories,  a  tmaka  or  valiaef . 
carpets  and  nutting  on  Amms,  dock,  aofa,  1 1 
diairs-Hpravlded  total  vahie  of  all  doaa  not 
ctteedljfl^  (5)  vUmiM  whMia  and  looms 
a  use,  axe,  aur,  .gun,  6  tmpi,  iahSag  Unei^ 


ings,  (6)  sewing-machine,  (7)  3  months'Tiiel, 
(8)  qian  hones  or  yoke  oxen,  horse,  summer 
and  winter  vehicle,  haniess,  cow,  a  pigs,  4 
she«>  and  wool  of  same,  or  cloth,  hay,  and 
fodder  for  said  animals,  ploi^h,  harrow, 
sleigh,  tumfani,  cart,  farm  b>krness,  (o)  tools  of 
trade,  #30  in  vahie,  f  10)  i(  hives  bees,  (ii) 
books  <a  account  and  title,  but  not  notes,  etc. 
Noa.  4,  5,  aad  6  not  exempt  when  dd>t  is  tat 
their  purohaae,  when  Uiey  ere  in  pawn. 

_  .  •■TAMO. 

Debtor  may  select(i}bedding  and  bedsteads 
in  use,  (a)  wearing  apparel  in  use  of  Cunily, 
(3I  kitdien  and  dining  utensils,  spinning 
vrneels,  ksoms,  to  books,  axe,  saw.  gun,  6 
trapa,  firidog  nets  and  sdnes  in  use,  (4)  30 
days'  fuel,  meat,  fish,  vegetables,  etc.,  not 
over  #150  in  value,  (5}  cow,  6  sheep,  4  hogs, 
la  hens,  and  30  daya*^  food  for  sune,  not  over 
#75  in  value,  with  m  days'  (bod  for  same  not 
over  #40  worth,  (6)  tools  of  trade  not  over 
#100  in  value,  (7)  15  Uvea  beea. 


IS 


.  tTATirrBS  OF  IiIMITATIOlf . 

Tm  TIM«  WITHIN  WHICH  AH  ACTION  OR  lUIT  may  b«  ComoMOMd 

00  •  Ctalm,  D«bt  or  Dtrnwd  •hnt  Um  Right  of  Aetion  AconiM  {«!.••,  com. 
mancM),  and  b^on  tho  nam*  U  Bamd  (outUwcd). 

1  Fh»  the  d«te  of  iHuing  Lrtter.  Tert«ment«fy  or  of  AdmlnUtimlloa.  TU  AM  •om. 
IMT  indioUM  ih.  wgulw  tim«  for  •IIowmc  or  •clkm  or  »  cUi.  of  ekim^  ud  th*  longer  an 
«t«»ilo«ortlm««llow«dbytheCottrtorablgl»relM«ofcUln». 

>nita  Include  Amult.  A««U  Md  lUtt-y.TWp-.,  Llb.1.  SU«d«,  I«J«ri«  to  P«o«  «xl 

•  Tlilir«  liMtrttBienU  of  Writing  nnd«r  imJ.  u  Bondi,  Contneta.  ConTtywc*.  D^ 
MortgH^  tnd  tht  llko.  They  >r«  not  mwly  writttn,  but  sigm,^,  t*tt4  mmd  MimrU  by  th« 
puty  boond  by  them.    WimeMtt  and  m«1i  art  often  required  by  the*  inrtrumento^ 


THB 

UNITBD  tTATBt 

AHD 

TBKRITOKIBB. 

Alebeme • 

Arlaene  - •- ' 

ArhaiMM ~ -~" 

CaHferola. -" 

Celors4e — 

CoDMCtlcat. 

0alaware> 

Dtatriet  of  CelumMa . 
TlerMe 


■IBM 


PtorMa... 
Oeimta. 


laaho.. 

UUneto »•••• 

Mlann;.--^- -^ 

|ii4laA  Tarrliwy 
Iowa. 


KentMky.. 
LonlalaM 

Mala* - 

Mvvlaad «- 

B«iiLachuaMt* — 

Michigan 

MlnniMia 

MtoaiaMppt 

If  iftnUmtt — 

Ncbraskft.M 

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Mew  Jtraay  >■••» •< 

Maw  York , 

North  Carolliia...~ 

North  Dakota ~. 

OlllO**«a*«*«ei***'************ 

Oklahoma  Tarrltoty 

lOMth  Carolina. — 
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Waat  Virginia -«.-.- 

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Wyoming. «-«~...— . 

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IT  may  b«  ConoMSMd 
AeeruM  (arUcti  com* 

ration.    Th*  ihaitMt  flhim- 
claimt,  «ad  iIm  longer  an 

tAut,  Injariot  to  F«fMa  uid 

nwti,  Coattymem,  Dooda, 
MdW  cm/  Miv*ridhf  tb* 
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irVTBBEST  VPOIf  mOMEY,  ETC. 
iBterMt  !■  th«  limited  States,  Territories,  Etc. 


•rtTot^  Etc. 


AlakoMO. 

AriMOO. 


Coll«»roio..~ 

Conoo«tl««t..» 

Daloworo 

DtoMHof  Columtato. 

OooMte" 
I4oM... 

rail 


(•••••••  ••••••■••(I 


lo^taa  TwrMory  * 


Koi 

Kootoolqr. 


PONALTin  von  UlURIOUl  COMTRACTi. 


1^  of  IntarHt  ud,  la  iomt  catw,  cotlt.. 

No  paaahy. , 

CoMiaci  voUM 

No  |MMhy„ „ 

No  roGovory  bovooil  l^ial  «»•'.'.'.'.'.!!.'."!!!!.'.'.' 

roiMlura  of  priacipal,  or  o^mlmu 

''<4  alt  InltrM „ 

No  Booaliy 

FofMmrt  tl 


fiaipaiiooHtt!! 


OMo, 


'M  •••••••«••  •••• 


Sooth  Dokote. 


T( 
Utah 


I  •  ooooa*  >•••••  ••••••• 

• • 0 ••too** •««••• 


VirgMB.. 


•*o«*o«oo •••••o 


WyOMioc- 


of  tkfw  llMw  ncno  |Mad'i«d"«ii"dr"il'ioI.',"or"iii 
aMant'  laiprtaonaMat,  or  boili.....„'Vi^.,„ 

**       af  oatirt  iaMmi ^ 

"       of  all  oviv  6  par  caai 

llaM of  coniract oMtMaof  Tcrriioiy •mttha'mol'"!!.'.' 
roffclMiaaraillMonal  aod  lo  par  mm.  orcomraet  lo  Mtioei 

•r  douMa  iiii  tuai  ia  •■om'oir'io  iwroial!!!!!."." 
Sir  aiora  ihaa  lagal  rai»r  voM. 

NopSSi'        **^ 

»i?^5i!' ""^ " ~""""™^"."".*.'.'*.";!";'.'.'.'. 

£10  Maattir„ ^ 

roiMMN  of  taiira  lataiaai _ 

«       arda»«a*«aBw»a  Ihaa  w  par  earn,  htakaa...- 

ai  an  lataiaN. ^ , 

M.  ------       "  ••* •  »ar  cmt.  far  m"(^  Khoobr 

rorfMoKi  or  aM  ioMTM M „ 

nOBiaalljr.....un.  ...„„„ _ „.,,^ 

Faifttain  tl  Aim  limm  aaooat  of  llltgol  buoml 

••       «f  lawiaal  r-^  -  — 

**      af  oaeaM... 
afi 


Laoai.        Aaaaao. 


•  Ha 

10 

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CoaMttvddfraabaglBaiac. oaaapt  Ulla  and  aoMa  uaa*. 

wnao  oMMo  ooataattM 
faeaM  oal  ettmlMa  ..... 
farMiaiioeralllaiaiaaL.. 


roifcUura  tt  af  ut  aad  coala.. ^_. 

Caa«M«aMad  If  aaurjr  ap^aaia  eo  to  1k»,  etharwiaa  iaiatail 

^^V^H^Sfl  aaaaoB ■»■■■■■■■■■■  a ■•■•ai.A ••»•.—  ... . 


roifttaN«ralliManat, 

£IO   PWMIQrHOMBOaaaaaM  ■•oaaoaoaa»a*«, 

Kaaaw  Mqr  ba  raeovoiad  back.: 


I • aaa aa vaa •• o«*« •■ a  I 

wJ , 


^ 


doaa  aol  ipacuy, 


'"•a  ••••••at*  •«••••■•• 


I  owr  6  per  cntaK 


Mo 


taaaaaaoaaa  aoaaaa  oo  •  < 


toaaooooaa  aaaaaa  •■ 


10  " 

•  •• 

•  • 

•  •• 


NoOaili 


10  •  a. 

No  ninli 


III. 


faill. 


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10      " 

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avo. 

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10  f  o. 

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Mo  Unit. 

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iBtercrt  te  fh«  BHtirti  Anericra  ProYlnce*. 


BiCa 


OntartB^., 
Nawln^lrtSu; 


tmuaxt  won  Vtmnr. 


No  Paoaitir. 


LOOAI. 

•  «0. 

«« 

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No. 


(««J) 


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DAYS  OF  «BACB  Aim  BAMAOBft. 


ftTATI. 


Ariaom.  ^.•• 

ArtUAMS 

CiaifomU 

Colorado. 

Coiuuwticu;. 

DoUwaro 

DIttriot  of  Colunbla. 

norid* 

OoorfUi 


Nograoa.. .•.•• 

Thmt  <UfB,  «G«pt  light  mm 

NoM,  wi'ms  iuuB«d  in  InrtniBM* 

UmmI  oo  til,  •Mtpt  fVftJbU  witkoat  tim». 


••••••••••< 


l«9  •••••••! 


Indiaaa. 
Iowa.... 


BooMolqr. 


Maine 

Maiyland  ..  

Maaaashuaatta 

Mlehicaa 

Mlmiaaou 

MtaaiaatMt 

Iflaaovrl 

Montana' 

Nabfaaka 

Mavada 

Naw  Hanpahii*  . . . 

Nawlaraay. 

Naflrliaiieo 

Naw  Vorli 

North  Car^lna 

Nortfi  Dakota. 

Ohio 

OMahoma  TatriUMy. 

Ofogon 

Paanagrlvania 

Rhodalalaad. 

South  Caralina.k... 
Sooth  Dakota.*.... 
Tanaaaaaa «... 


Okacs. 


By  ctutom. 


Mcept  •tglitdnfta.. 


MMpt  light  papar 


No  graca ,  .        . 

Thraa  dm  gnf  allowad,  ««capt  on  tight  or  da- 

On  all  Utlaofki^anga.  notm,  ale,  gnea  allowad 

Usual  oa  all,  axcapt  Ihota  on  demand 

M         -     ucapt  bank  chackaaad  light  drafts. 


Damaois. 


axoapt  light  or  daowad. 


5  par  cant 
lo     " 

6  to  10  par  cant, 
to  to  15      " 

to  par  cant,  coit*  and 
6lolptrc.  [protait. 

aopereaat. 
6  to  to  par  cant 
5  par  cant' 
5  io  10  par  caitt. 

13  to  ao  par  cant 

5to  lO     ** 
Sto  to     •• 

{per  cant 
to  loparaoot 
10  par  ct.  oat  of  U.  S. 


light  AraiU. 
oa  daoMad. 


taoapt  OB  light., 
aa  at  comoion  lav. 


N 

M 


whan  not  otharwiaa 

raeapt  oa  damand 

••     alglht  oa  baakam, 


(to  10  par 
6  to 


m 


No  araaa 

Uiadon  ail',  aaleaa  otharwiia  tpaeiSad.. 

M  M  M  "  ■• 


«     aMapthUlaeo 


Taxaa 

Utah <.... 

Vannont  .;.... 

Virginia 

Wafridnaloo.. 
WMtV&finia, 
Vinaeomin...., 
Wjromtais.... 


UMunTdu'raMpI  i^i^t*  Wlte  Md  draja. . 
"        "     «kaa  sot  otharwiaa  providad. 


H 
M 


anlaai  Otharwiaa  qwcUiad 

aadar  geaand  ralaa  of  connerdal 
law «.. 


10 

Sto  IS 

Stoao 

3  to  10 

f  10  10     •■ 

5parctaadlalaMt 
10  to  ao  par  etat 
latoao     ** 

«to»     *• 
t(  toao     ** 

6toio     •• 

6  to  10     ** 

o  par  oant 
10     • 
to  to  ao  par  ( 

itoio 

6  to  to 

3  to  to 

Sto  10 
letoao 

Stoao 
10  to  IS 

a  to  10 


No 


anlcM  providad  for  In  inttrwaant. . 

Unal  on  all  MHa  and  nagotiable  notai 

Notaa  aad  billa  fwyabla  at  tharcta  «xpraaaad. 

Uaaalonall 

No 


M 

m 


m 


3  to  IS     • 
loparcan^ 
fKtoSpw 
6  to  10   .    " 

ito  to  •• 
to  IS  « 
3  to  10  *• 
Sto  10 


■W  A    tfffMfA  aaaaaaaaaaava^ooi       3  *^   **' 

VmSlMila,'mctj^'imiii^,  dwdu  and  boada.jia  per  ceat. 


(670) 


ilHAOBt. 


Damaoh. 


•••••••• 


(hlordt- 
ia)'low«d'. 
jhtdnAa. 


!••••••• 


•     ••••«•• 


«••••••• 


•  ••••«• 


Iftt.. 

Id«d. 


I 

mBWPCuu 


5  p«r  otot 
lO       " 

6  to  10  ptr  cent 
lotois      " 

lo  per  cent.  co«lt  and 
6tol|MrG.  [proUst. 

soperoeM. 
6  to  lo  per  cent. 
5  percent.' 
5  lo  lo  per  cent 

15  to  10  per  cent 

5  to  10     ** 
5to  10     •• 

J  per  cent 
to  toper oeot 
ioperct.onto(U.S. 
(  to  10  per  ctat 

6  to  10  •* 
Stoi5 
Stoao 
3  to  10 
i|  to  10  • 
SperctMdlolanit 

10  lo  ao  per  eeat 
IStOM      *■ 

6  to  It     •• 
t(  tow     ** 

eto  10     *■ 

6  to  10     •• 

6pereent 
10     " 
10  to  ao  per  cMb 

a  to  10     - 

6to  10     *■ 

3  to  10     •• 

5  lo  le     •• 
tetoao     ** 

Stoao     * 
lotois     ** 

a  to  10     •* 


m 


•••••••• 


•*•••••• 


3  to  15     • 
ID  per  cen^ 

6  to  10   .    * 

itoio       * 
«ai|       * 

310  10 

stoio 

ad  bonds.]  la  per  eetf. 


INDEX  TO  LAW. 

■••  ■■»BX  TO  #•■■■,  ^Mt. 


• I 

V«HitHM« IN 

if  ■■■■■«■«• 4M 

•  • •••••eeeee«»»e»i»»  VlS 

IM  V9A VMMMI  eeeeee********  IM 

•  •  •« •(•••••teeeteeee 
••••• «*c»««eeeeeee«e 

m  WWW^Wmtkwm^ttM*  ■••••ea««i,e,e»»eee*e**««aa  X  VV 

AkeeUMv«MaMa 

A VV WMMB  ••••••••a«**ae>**ea»«e*  aaeaee* 

— eeM— eof. SM 

AkrMffHMMte,  CoiKrHakt 
Abo«l«l«  'Vtmyfmmmm . . . 
AketMMtavrTIUo 

~^^WPVmV««  ••••  eea»eee*ae««*4t«e«  ••  ••  e   WBjp  alW 

i^^rw^^m  ■  ••  ••  *••*«■••  ••••eeeee»e»«*e*e«««  e*a*  •     ^^BV 

M V^^PWvViVB^^  *i*«««***a*>>a*a*aaa««**a*«**ae  Jl 

— or  Mils  af  BsolMlb** 1«*-1M 

— mi  9m§mMmt.. 
Aeeopf ■eeo  ly 
Anieenur 

AeoeoHMM*  €)o^^n0lieb  •  >  •  •  •  a  •  •  <  ••*•••. 
ABeeeooey  Ce«ie«ali. 

A  NHMNBva  aaaaaeaaaeaaae*a«  •••••«■•••••••••« 

nWWH  •  aaaa  aaaaaavaaaaaaeaaaaaaaaAae  aaaa  aee 
A^W^wwWWlWBMp  SvMivVMS  VB*  aaa*aaaa»a  Slv 
AVwWRvaa  •  aaeeeaeee*e**aa*ea«**aaa«a  aa  eaaa  •  S^lw 
■"■■•^BW^PWB  taa**«a«*a*e*aa«a«at»«aeae*«aea*«a  B 

"^"^^^^^^WW^ftmWf  •  eaea«a«a«a«aaa**a«*aaa«n*a»      809 

AoesHMyta 

A0HB#wl9fl(WBMMBaa  a  *a*a«  a  eaaaaeoa  a  a  a    14*40 

i*-as 

— Cm^ifwtgM 

AaeiaiaaMMM ttn, 

Ae««Mtol.. 

AelloM.  mtHim 
— kyMalMM 

— Civil, 

iMkltSirMMHwIii. , 

la  •■  «a«>aaa  •■•••••  aa  a*  a*«    WW^^^ 
aaaeaaaaaaaaa*    •SS^  VlV|  94S 

-!• 

••? 

MS 

.' IMT 

eaaeae  aaaa  e< 
•a«*« ••»«• 

41 


MlwrtMoal  or  ImNiraaM 

A4UMliil««n»tl«a,  A«  ■■torlai 

Aa«ai«nr 

— T*  c*llMl  MMI  Dollvor,  ote Ml 

Do  ■*■!•■•■ 4SI 

Pwrtwg  A>— — 4SI 

•■Ha«Hla«H«|r 4UU 


a*  «a  a*  aa 

■aaaaaaaaaataiaa 
aaa  ai eaea 
aitaaaaaa 


— Wmw9tam 4SI,4M 

— roMtoatoIiUo 

— VaMto. 

■peelnl  •#  Uaeliod. . . 
— WItk  Will  Aaaoxedl . 

Atfaalvaiey 4m-W7 

liaa  af  How  ravtaen BM 

CarpavaMwM «is 

»— *-« 


^H^M^HI^PHiaa^PaB  • 


•••••••.#.■••#..•• 


A«al««nr 

A< ve—  gigayioal,  Koal  r>a>eX|r  Ml 

— Peeee— lea.  Koal  FrayXy an 

A^ellea  aa  a  CaaeWewiUaa ••■ 

— — Halarml,  la  CaaToyaaeea. STI 


aroaaUpaoia 
ariaaaa. 


..   ItT 


AllMratkaamiM... 
A«a  af  Voalalar. 
A«aaa|r 


«•« 


— ^AatkoHly 
— Wile,' 


Aaiainr«rcaMia 


IM 

im 

4»» 


aa4iAkaMlacla< 

laCrfaUaata. 


AltM.ta] 

AUaaa 

i  I  'Capyrlglia 

AUawamw  af  lalaraal. 


4M 


•1» 


(«7t) 


-JiliiMlMitlmTfflTMgi^^^ 


•t» 


AltmrtMmm  mt  Vmrntwrntm. . . . 
AlMMMMi*  ky  raMtoiMM 

AMklcvltjr  Af  <!Mi«rMta 1*T 

AaiM««MM.  4i*a«lltl*«*l.  MKl  tw 
Maatov  Mils,  ■M««.a«4  ll*««i..  IM 

itaTMiAMtevM. 

AjBMcatr. 


nmu  v«  uiw* 


AMMlatmBvMMM 

AMiUa4«# 

At«««iy«a  to  OmnmI*  OHbM  . 


AaMvato.  ■■■■rt»M— ,  •••. 

AMUVafei*r 

Aalaua  r*l 

AaliMtls 

AalMMMiMMi 

Apaptosjr,  BvMmim  mt. 

MyM— —  f 


AvatatoMt »— 1 1 

A«mp4  uI  AvMtMiton,  ••«.. 


•U 


c 

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c 
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tvmmumtim 


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«••••••••••*••••**«••••••••••*"* 


tas 


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•n 

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Mrtk.  ■▼!««»•  wf. , 

BiMiiia  !■  r*««r*««a 

BvM^MtW  ('MMWrMlMf . 

■llM4a«wi  «r  TMit«i«r .... 

>lMI|llM«M|r 

— MiV*»yrlvbi  la 

BlM4i,  CmI  ■!••«. 

— «!■■  »MIM« 

Itotljr  OMTiMMil* 


■IT. 


IM 


Ml 


€Im«««Hm||«,.. , 

<•>*■>•  t  ■•Mtoil , 

«'k«nMi(Mr.  ia  ■vMMiiUti 
V**»ni9m  ta  AMaaal 
«lMurlilM 


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4M 


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■Miy  raiiu* 


41* 


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•v«»ll«a«l«a» IT»-IM 

lU-IM 


■•■•MaMa. 


IM-IM 

«■■ 

T-14 


T-l« 


.»-M 


ar  AMaaat ilia 

tirawlav  ■•»•«■ 

'  krlM  la  Baal  ftaaarty 

aroaatMMt T. 

ar  Wawaaty 
■MalilB*  aalk 

MAnwi 


— rayaMatia 

CkMalaal  Aaalysia  m 
CklMvwa 


CkraaMS.  a— Cmnrrtg^ta. . . . 
ViMaaMtaaMM,  la  BvMmm*. 
CiMaaMlaaUal  BrMMiaa.. 


4ia 


IT4  ■■■" 

•  ••••••■•■•*•  •■•*i*«««t**t 

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4iMMtaMil««a>  IvMmm* < 

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I  Ba^ss* #•#•»- ft ••••••••  ••••• 

rMMM* 

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I  CaaMMMlMMMM* : 

a •••••••••••••a 

f  ••••••t»*«* 

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<«MMiMUa«   ■■llw<i 
■■M—  ....■•. •■■•^■— 

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k  •#  ASMts*  AoMiwMr 

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■  ••••   ■•(*»>t»<«««>    wkl 

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tmrnmrnwrnHmmm 4M,'iif  ii»a 

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'■-^  win  wwyaii  t0pmi''"i%mmim»v»NmtmaiK«<P* 


mim^umfit  immmm&vtn  niiiamMii.iMKi' 


■awwawit*.  nmmi 


wmm 


•  ••t«»**«»>«tc 


i*  >•  • 


mt,mmmm         12! 

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■"       iiN«  Wit 


f  tJkW, 


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VMMMi*  MMP - 

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■iMtHws  •*%*«•!.  la  A 

■■•ry.     ....    ..  ••..f. ••••.. 

■«««»U<V  •*  OMMMMI* MM 

•••••» 


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•  ••••••*•••# 


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!••«••. Ml 


M« 


JVni  Tan,  €■■  Wf— I 

MM*!* 

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t*-^  »»• 


flu 


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.  M«,MI 


MA,  Ml 

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IMiMMMMil 


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mmmm,  i     M^m 


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"wW*l  •  "^WWBlWw  •■    ••  ••  •••  *i>*t«tf(t('«ff 

VMMM  #W9W«  HvMMNMM  ••tflit«ia«it»» 
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MtMl*    

tttMMItMM      MMHkaMMN 

»*••• ••... 

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«t««««  »>ii«^. «|T 

•^••ttm  €flp*p>  Iff* i*^*! ••••••  ••(••••••»«»  4Mr9 

WAVMI^r ■•••••<«a«t*t«»i*«f*>tii««    IWI 

WW9V1B- '••••(•••••••••t*tt*at»     IAS 

""M" "'     •(•••••ia«afl«*  •••••■■••  ••••••t 

I«HMm«,  BvMmm* 

MS 

19  OMMB*  t  •••••••«§« 

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•  « •• «• •••«•• *■ ••  • 


niASBl  r<i  *»l4«n»«lMia    fIB 

—  -  .•«  Bills,  ihiMtiA,  aiMl  VaiMlo.   MM 

lil*««l<ty  •#  <-4nitrM><a    ..,. 9^ 

■  Maaloa,  ll*M««««*r  i^  . 

lMilM»«lllljr.  II«M««««  »f .,  Ml 

iMNHtral  ('•■MM«r»(l»«M. ............ 

W«rli«.  n«4<«pyrl«li«la..  ...,.., 

■■iHI«ir«h|«  ri  ■«■»•• 

iMiMMMliMMMit,  mt  ruMto  < 

— ar  Wl«it« 

lNi^l«4  W*#VMit|r  In  MalMi   ...,,,... 

l«9«««*MMi  «r  Mtav«««iv«      

Il> IMIM*  €%wi4<y«l«Mi«     ....,,.. 
IwpMMtMIHjr  mt  i^r^ria— .....> 

IwImMmm*.  ■vM<M*««  ar 

lMi|K  '  .¥■— ■!■.  BMti  PvwpaMir 

lnw9#4IMAa#  laMIMMMtt>>. 

■■  Cfelaff,  ■vM«a««i 

••••••a*tt •••<•••*»«•• 

•••(•••tti*«i**)(««««***a 

!■«■■■■>  WMkm  «•  0«vrH«k« 

lM«Mitav*,  OMiV«|rMa«M 

lMUaw««  ■«««•••• <Ma 

■■tflirMMa  Kmm*  Vm«  m  Pmp«««»> 

•M#llM»» Ml 

■■«■>—'■  ■%»>■ Mf 

■■««r«MBMit  mt  MMta,  ■•■<i,  •■« 
llvMw UW 

ia«MMv^i4iriMii«ir. !.!!!! !!.!.'!!'.!!'.!! 

•ir.. ......  iM 

taWUI*. 

— — tafiM tia 

....'.'.  im 


678 


itaOMi< 

— «*CeafiaiM€vlai« 

iMtvrrMrtM 

Iutmr«*«tM  ■•««••«  mmtlttmm. 
littMM*.  ▲■«■»>■  r*««n  CMpHWi 

VfMh M 

— iMMinikl* 4M 

— •«  HMcr 4tMMfn 

— <■  yr«»»*lir  »■%■■  aOMi MV 

tatOTtlHr«a«wtar»«WB«OMW W 

iMtonuittwMa  iA« na-ais 

UmtmwpwUMmm  mt  Cumtrmfum •!• 


vtw 


BvMMM 

laiMtaay  mt  O' 


•ffCvpjrHvM..   «M 


«M 


to 

to  TatsMBMsr  WlKHrMf. 

to 

Imsnlwr  aula, 

Ir««l«TMitBvMhHM«'... 

IrHlMit 


•  •»»•••••■  •■  ••  • 


VMM. 


IM 
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t—r"^ ...■«. 

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— T«H*a«jr 4M|MS 

— tmimim,  ravUiVN  M wnr 

X*laMir« *■• 

JToanua M.M 

jr#wffwiiiiiftinr'  1 '' ' ' — «■*■     9 

tmUttaiAvU «•••    «r 

4M,44« 

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JpdaM*  BrMmiM 444.  OM 

jra4cm9s»  *^M'<flwMi>i>>> •  tt4 

— iM4W«nNHi«*ffAM«ni«]r W 

JsMiC •* 

amebt^rmtum—.  MmIaw. 41«iaM 

Jaa«lM»r««tUVMilk>M« Ml 

— ^TaMIs  •«»»•«  AfiklMt. 441 

ImtlBaM*  H«Mait«M* 

jrasUaaMlMi  •i  Ac««*H««a.  .. 


UMtWlli 

iMWm 1W,4M.444.  4t4-4M 

lAw.  AABiMitr 4m,  «n 

OItU ♦ «w 

4T7 

4nv,4fra 

- — OmUUM«« 4TO-1M 

— oriHiMa 4n-aM 

tou n*,uu 

,ni,«M 

....  •» 

4U 

•M-sia 

•■•-■•4 

MIUIMT *** 

'MaatetMO. • 

•rriM* DM, 

•r  MtaatiMi  aff 

vhiim 

taOMiMMta. 


MsaUlgr  •«  CMrtTMt 


nuiWi 


Kl<taaM>ta« 


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KavwIMs*  «t  OtafM.. 


— MaOwMMtoMOlaa.. 
I«4fa«,Mnl«r. 


— M^mmmrm  af. 
]b»a41*r4 


, Itt-Ml 

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4V1-M« 
4f4 


Ummmr^mi. MB 

1OT.4M.444.  «1«-aM 

UvaUit «M,4T7 

t,^.,,,,,, 477 

177 

tm. "•••  ^nntt^m 

M«f « «I»-MI 

lal 4M-4M 

■toU  •M^MI 

I*  VMto M  nLBu 

* ua 

t 0ia.nt 

•r «•« 

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MMMMb 


taOmtHMrta- 


M* 


I.M> 


.  SM,MS 

1«-«S 

,.  SIS-CM 
tI«M,M 


Ci»P3r**sMte «M 

W  OMBftniiit 


•14 


Nrtftgr. 


sSiSr 


I WMtw»iw€)a9JfTl|i0M*>>--  MS 
■  Vf  CmiSVMS. 4SS,SS7 


ISMb. 


SI«% 


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tn 


max  T»  i.i»w. 


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Fm» 


■•m«r  Af  CvlaMW 

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MmtU0HkmwrUmtmi}9prwiaht 411 


•4S,«4S 


MUlHUPy  liSW 

■Ilia,  BmU  rf*p«v«y 

MimAmmtUmmfr  !■  WUto . 

■tawnl  ■••teMMi. 

■Hms,  BmU  rv«p«H]r 

■iHtetmrtel  AMa , 


■IS 


SIS 

47 

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•r  Aa*«li«r.  Sm  rvMid  4SS 

■iMktof;  ■tellstoaa s«S 

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47 

llaS»it— ra 8SS 

■  «— <a«a4a sis 

•rCaatMMto SIS 

■•aa. S71 

■lafaalial  af  Cawta— «a SIS 

——•t  emmwmjrmtMm wn 

■fturapraaaMMMlMi  te  CaatMata. ...  SIS 


MUtttmtUm  1 1 
Mm^mmtl 

Mmtm 

■a«ala  ISr  Pataate 

Wo<Waa«ta«a  1 0aatraata. 


ISS 
SSI 
SIS 


■aaajr.  ■••lataaaa*. 

— .■aal>>a»any 

krr»4aBt 


«S»-47I 
SIS 


Maaai 


•ft. 


■tanU  •Mlssttoaa  aa  • 


SSS 
87S 
SIS 
SM 
MS 


•r  liaaa  tn  fiaayayi 


S7I 


mWiUto.. 

IittW 

9m  WllA  •  ••  **t 


I«nraC. 


471 


«rs 


OaaapaaitlaaMk  Baa  Capr* 


MS 


atmaH  BIshta  mad  OMI— Maaai. 

M  AoaacY:  mm!  Lamoums  amb  Tauirr 


MS 


I!i 


m-'  • 


■maaitdwii  iiw»i'  iiil«iilillllWilltirtfMWlllWiil»lWi'»«»»ww»i«w»M» 


pfyV!? 


Mintmx  TO  tJLW. 


f«r>X««tlwg  BwkltB— 44T 


*••«•«•••••• 


rrtM*  WmMm  ■vMmi««. 
rrtMMtrjr  VrMI«a««. 

FrliMlpalft 

IHitlw     MMI      UaklUUM 

M«lito«r  A««ato«* 

maelyl«w 

->*r  OiMlaal  law 


— OirH«M 

■PMHMrtr.  4MKiM«M  Asslmi*  ■ . 

•— WHMaas.  Bv<4«He« 

rHTttacMI  O— ifwl— «!•—  . 
PMribiriMlllr,  BYMtoaM 

•r  Wills 

•r  ArMtmtoH... 

MeMav 

m««Ma«jr.B«v*»yrt«ii» 

ta  Pwrtmnwklp 

•MMHlNitlMi 


II* 
4U 


007 
Ml 
4»1 


45* 
4(1* 

M* 


>4T 

14*,U* 


Wia*--*-w;!  i';..)'*-'*^'-. 


'■^"*MHWIi>WMd^viM»>iWMiS»v««i4w^»v^jm■<:^t^■«w^ 


*•  UkW. 


•M 


— MMUafftta  ■▼• 

«MM*ckaM  bm* 


411 


MI- 

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WlMSMUiM «H 

■•prtof. 

Wt&pwtmmm* 

■•PmMImiMms  •€  Wills ^ 

■•^■totlMi,  BYMto*** 

■•«■•■•■  !■€•■•■«•«• 

■•fiaiiMtM*r«TalMC«»yH«li»  4ISi4M 

•raTalMUMi 

■•^■MtlMI 

«*aU«Mi  la  C— yyhaa— ... 


Ml 


n* 


iC— Vdynmw 


411 


4Hr  vwwwmwHi  •*••••••••••«••• 

IwC— HJ— IIBB 

•r  AcMira  AMMMvMir. 


taWllto 
•w^MMlMllty  ar  OmpHmw 
■Mtvalii*  cf  TMkto, 

>.  ■•talBlac  V«* 


,  C*MtnM<*  t 


Of 

....  IM 

M»-i*r 

...{'.   Ml 

M 

•••.MR 

4M 

•«..., .•  •1» 

WW «4 

•N^PBtaalB.  M* 


•rVwrtaMM 

rvta«t|Mda  «MM*rataH|  Aafts    OT 
•■.BvMMiM..  444 


,ibMr. 


■HMin 


MtoalMia 

•rwi'iis! ^. SM 

vMmmm Ml 

MtMMM ••• 

kValMC*»yvisli»  4UMIM 

Jm 

■  C— wyiiBtM 

:":::::::::.::::::::::::::.  414, 

lla SM 

ftemrrtf MS-MV 

I'Mj.  C— tr— —  iwr..  MM 

■  OMItMMto. i.  Ml 

klalasFM.. M 

I«« SMtSn 

f.  «• 

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np«|r M* 

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ta 
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nmn  ■!*<»  tAW. 


V«maU«wi 


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MM*. 
Ill  Mi  J 

la  Cmivvjtmi* 


•I 


rtaOMilTCMM 

■i  la  OMBvajraa 

■Mna  vT  CMilMMte 

ca^jrHsM 


41«. 


•r  ApTMaUMahly.  ■  •  ■     Mf 

Ml-Mii 

•Va^pfttonr  ar  KatlMM H4 

laWlUa 

■jratto 


la  e— iwyaBM. 
•r  ■«!«•■ 


Mi 


■M 


•4« 

OMilla««ky..  4M 

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4«,n4,«U 

CiaaMwaW aM 

4M 


-— ■•gyuiiii— aaa«CC»aMaal»....  •■• 
-—.•fl^ajaataiiat,— .,fHf.Mfc  fM 

nnRMs  Am 


WMWKtaMIMNb'tSdaUMntMWp.Mh^^t*!' '" 


M .■.'.-".'.'.'.».'.*.' '.*.*.'.'  «W 

Ml 

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lLMI« CM 

M  >»>»<><) 

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<••■**•.•..•... 

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....  •S.IM 

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m  >•  ■■<■ '.>• 

iit'iitiiwi'  ■''>iii'iiii<<.'.  >«9 

i«Matii«« 

9mmu.".'.'.'.'.'.'..- 
muumm*1imtm. MT 

PnyHMMitS ••• 

4M.CW 

M«M««ipV.*.V.'.'.V.V....;.  4IT 

•  *■•■••■«•■•■•••■•••••■  •    WtM,*'^^^^ 

Ml 

d  9^)  ••*■•••■  •••••■•■••■•«• 

«';rr;;:;;:;:;r  a 

MUMWNW  VB* •••••••  ••••• 

M|0MC***> •■!• 

iwlnnTJT-  — 

■Ilf«  *••««••  ••••^  ••••••••••••• 

!•••■.••••••••• 99%§ 

If. 

i4  •••••••••    •■■••• 

»••••♦••••••••••••••••••••••• 

idp^pdvu^flMi  •  •  ■  •  • 

|9Si99  ^s  *  ••••••••■•■«••••* 

•  •»••  .••*•■•«••«■•«*#••«•••*• 

•  •■•• 

litoMit«c.. 

■••■•*••••••••■• 

••••■••••■*••••• 

»••••■*••«■•••»•     ' 
•  ««••••«•••■••••*• 

■  m 


INDEX  TO  FORMS. 


AflMlMMra%W9  •••••••••••#•••••■••••••••    4*v 

Ajjyjjjjjf  ••••••• M 

AHtfi<l«tlM«lM«rCOff  ttf IM 

SSiS^j?!     iSi* ••'•••      14 

•■■"•••••▼■•n.*  ••••■•■•■••••••••••*•■««»•      141 

at***   •  ••• •*•••••••*••*••• ••*  ^»  Mm 

DMrBMk..... y»ia,lf 

DtocMM  Mi4  I*Mr«l '..14 

D*<»M>iiwnr u-14 

MnaipaiUatlM  af  e«nr  af IM 

Ftxtwrw 14 

OtiMrMmM ~   ~ 

Utarwi  MMl  DtoMiMt 

.I«4  *•* 

|ga,«luHyiia       

^^raMV.— MWa . .  ........•....•.•.....••• 

^'••y  •■ai^aa.  ....aa.. ...... ••........« 

g*'*ff*ty '^ij  •  •  • -5- 

^^^^^aPi^^*^BBB    .a...  ..a.  ...... a. ...a. a.  14 

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AakBowtajtmant  "if'n^wlB.'au.   IW 

AcKNOwtaMMBwr,  arc.,  abov*. 
A4MlnialMtar'a  Oaatfa. 

Foraa  iM«d  in  Kaaua. 

UJT '"'■ 

—-«*'•    •,•••; 

— PtnaiyWanIa 

AaalcateaBt  af  Daatfa 

Attmaya  ia  raet,  Daada  ky 

Banda  ter  Daada.   SwHonaaAKoOaua*- 

Tiom,  ah;>va. 
Cammaaeamanto'jf  Daa4a,  ata. . 
CaoUBiaatenar'aDaad. 


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.  (CMi«la««l.) 
— -In  PMrtitlon ......«.«  _~j 

Common,  Tansncy  in,  DMdOrMUng-.   JIO 

CondltioM  In  Doodo, oM^ <•-•   ■•» 

ConArmatton,  D««4*  for »**»Mg 

— Indoraamant  of ^ gg^ 

Ntv»  York •-•  !■•-•  ggf 

Corporation  D«a4a..... S2x»  SH 

Corract  M  latakaa,  D««d  to •  •  ■  .mWt,  W« 

Covaoanta  In  Oaada.aU. ■ gfi 

Admlnluratun •   IJl 

Agalnil  Acta  of  Grantor •■ "Jl 

Eniciitur* ""Hii   -x9 

Furtnar  AMutBoca *SH 

Incumbrancai,  Aaalnal. ifl 

Hmband,  for  SaJf  and  Wlfc ••• 

iolne  and  Savaral  >• 
lutual,  to  Convay 

Ona  Pcraon  to  AnoUiar. 
Povarto  Convay 


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Savaial • 

Wananty  Agalmt  Incumbranoaa.. . . 
Dwwriptlona  In  Daoda, ate.. . .^^j. . . . 

Euamant  for  Dratnaga  Kaaanrad. . . 

—Party  Walla  Retarvad 

Matea  and  Bound* 

Natural  Boundarlat.  Hlghwaya.Mo. 
Drunkard,  Daod,  by  CommlttM  for. 

Biehanc*  Doada I 

Kiaeutor'a  Doada. 

General  Forma.. 

Forma  utad  m  Kanaaa . 

—Kentucky 

Ohio .  * 

—  Panaavlvania  .....■.••••,.  •  •  •    ■••» 
Poraaloaiu*.  Maatar'a  Daad,  M.  Y.. . . ". 

OanamI  Daad  Forma ••• 

Olft,  Daodof. •• ••.•; 

Orottnd-Rant  Oa«l,  Paaoaylvanta 

Ouardtaa'a  Paad. 

Forma  uiM  In  Kanaaa 

—Ohio 'mmi 

— Pani^ylnuiia ••  •  ^V*i 

Habendum  in  Daada,aU.........^."« 

To  Have  and  to  Hold  in  Fa«  SUapla. . . . 

—  for  Life 

__ with  CondltloM,  ate. .. ....... 

Hkbitual  Drunkard,  Commltiaa'a  Daad 
l^r ■ 

Idtet,  Daad  fty  Coramittaa  Hw......";;* 

IMtommant  of  Coaftrmatlon  on  a  Mar 
VoidablaDaad  ....^.......  

Intreductiena  to  Daeda,  ata. 

Lib  Bauu  Daad,_yirginia...". 

Lonatle,Daadof  Committaafor 

llaatarainChaooary  Daad...-. 

Daad  in  Totaalaaafa,  M.  Y...»..ji._ 

Partition.,.  ....••"-• SSS*SS 

Mtotakaa.  Daad  to  Cdwa?t.......».  Jg»  ••• 

Mortgaga,  Daad  af  Landt  ■Miaai 
te .••■••• 

— ^Pramlaaa,Oaadi^......^...< 

Hamaa  of  Partiaab  Daada,  ate... 


•'tovaaaa     •••aatat 


pS^-  Mamaa  ia  Daada,  ata. 
PnrtittoaDaad.....^. 

_—  M    by  Commlaal>wi»i 'liifa  SiS 

__     1  by  Maatar..... ""•^JJ 

Ptw Daad..... •......« .ivi  999 

Pramiaaa  in  Daada,  ata. ^p^^iw 

QBt««talmOaada. 
^^rortaauaadialr 


— -KantoeU. 

^Mlaaoorf.  . 

^HawYoili 

Ohio  . 

——Panmylvanla...  •••*•.>«•••••  ••••>• 

— VlTslnia .» ...•..•,.••••• 

Itadtala in  Daada,  ata. .....a........ 

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r'atenatTMi •••.•• 


loiiiTWalV 


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itaddardum  In  Datda,  ate. SS'SSa 

RaMr«lna  Annuity ■•••55! 

Kaaar»lB«  for  Straata,  ate JM 

Malaaaa  Daad •  *  *    W 

RMtjSraund  Rant  Daod,  Pannajrlvaaia  MS 

RMa^tlan  in  Daada,  ata.  Saaltaopg- 
D«ii,atc.,Bho«...  SS'Sa 

Ravaraiaa,  Daada ol •••.•If 

Right  af  Way  Daad 

•bMrUf'aDaada.  

ForaMMaadIa  Kaniai w»»,> 

NawYork '■••• 

Ohio SIlSH 

>— Pamaylvaala ■••"•»£ 

•hart  Daad  Parma. 

■I^ttiraa and laaiain DaMla, ata. , 

Aiant  or  Attomay  in  Fact.  *" 

AdminMralor •••• 

Adnlnlatralrla.,  > • 

CoiyoiatloM. 

BaacMor,  Esaeutria. .....•'.<•.••••••• 

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ForaMUMdln  Xanaa* —•»??» 

Ohio • ■•» 

Tananey  in  Common  JJaad  lor .^^-   MJ 

TaafatumCJauaaa  of  Daada •■•,•■• 

Troat  Daada.  .^  _,, 

Gaaaial  torma^ •  •••»S5i 

Ponaa  uaad  la  Karnaa JTB 

— Kantucky ••• g! 

OiUo  .,..•.••.......•.•••••....•••  ^Si 

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Traataa'a  Siada.  __, 

Pomu  uaad  la  KanMcky ■•■ 

— Paenaylvania 

ValdaMa,  Daad  Coaftrmlai,  ata... .  •««i  • 

Warracty  Daada.  ,  _,_ 

Gaaaral  Forma. "■"•fSS 

^Wamanr  by  Atiomay MJ 

PkJlCavaBaaia •  UleMS 

Oaaaial  Fonaa  iwad  ia  Alahaaia m 

— Callfeiala sSm 

— lUlnola -jj^ji  sSt 

.— Indiana.... ""'SSS 

— Kaaaaa. JlJ 

•_- Kaatttcky ^a 

I      Maaaaalawaiia * 

w^Millliaottt'i 

«— NawJereay. •^555 

•— 'NawYack ^aaagj 

— .<)ble.... ••••• '••*  55S 

.._P«nMyWaaln ^S 

Owali  rafllmi S£ 

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miVwA  Pmkni 

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nmoMa** •*•• 

lllOM  Off  lllMliSaaaaa»«aa«a*a 
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WatarOawaaSaad  ... ««» 

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Aecounta §m 

Acknowladcmant |/g 

Appointmantof  byWdl Ml 

Covaaanta  in  bcada'.'!.'.!'.!'..".'.!'.'.!!!*!!!  Ml 

Dc^a. 

0«n«nil  Pnrma SM,  SOT 

Formt  uMd  In  lUiuaa BTt 

— Kntucky , ••• 

— Ohio..... ....'.: iil 

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of  Copy  of  Account IM 

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of  Racord iM 

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I.a— M  •f  rttmpmwtf.  (OmmMmmwI.)     __, 

MlllLoaati SSI 

Mining  Laaaa SSI 

Cll.  Ktnaral,  or  Bait  Laail  LoMO SSI 

Paw  Laaao.... SSI, 

P.avisoa.    Sm  Conoitiom,  «tc.,  akova. 
Raddwodura  or  Raaarvatloa  io 

L.aaaa7 Bid, 

Balcony,  ObMrvatory,  ate 

Driva,  Koadway,  etc. 
PtivsM  PaaHge,  itc. 

Timber,  etc 

Water-Courte,  etc.. , . 

Ranowal  Laoaa 

Raqulritoa  in  Laaaao  . . 
Roaorvatlan  in  Laaaaa. 

IM  LxAaaa,  above 

Short  Foi-m  Laaaaa. . . . 

Surety  to  Leaaa 

Surrondor  of  Laaaa  by  Indoraamant 

—of  a  Term  of  Yeara  of  Laaaa 

Taaaat'a  Cartlftcate  of  Laaaing. 

Uadar-Lanaa 

Uofkirnlahad  Houaa  Laaaa 

Watar-Rata  or  Tax  in  Laaaa. . . . 
WbarfandMachioaryLoaao..^ 

Vaara,  Laaaa  for SSS,SM 

I«Mla«,  Coatewnls  «>r MB 

^IHralMas,  OMitmeta  for 9M 

■■4riimltar#,  «)•■*■««<■  Mr  MB 

•«•■«,  0«atnMta  Sar MB 

KatrlM »->« 

'  Tnajgnmanta of. •....  If**!}* 

SaeBaQvana S LaaxaM, ate.. atotra  SS4, SSS 

i.««My.  SMMip*  lor ssa 

liBMllKMaialUta  Af 

AcknewMdgmont  Porma ^^-^ 

Aaaigamanf  Forma •» 

Bom  Forma ISS,  ISt 

Contract  Forma »g^Md 

Daad  Forma Sf'zSi 

Laaaa  ?orma SiSfili 

Moftgaga  Forma..;. SSS-S4* 

Fowor  of  Attornay  Forma...... .^^     Ji 

WUI  Forma • S»I-SBS 

iMtfrumt  AUmtmmr TM» 

Aaalgnmaat  of. ISB 

CarttfloataofCopyriSbtby.ata....  SSS, BIB 

Uafea^wainDaada,ate.,«>r .^^^  MS 

l;a8Ma.... SMtSBIf 

MettCagaferSa^fipertofPorawiDiurtac  SSI 

C«rSS«ataofFartiiaralklp,ote!. 

Matfdo  of  Diaaalattoa.  ««e SSS 


rt«„ui 


••«,7UiWUi«. 


A^M«rtadgm( 

^SS?^;::::.":::::::::;:::.::::  wi  Vn 


■tiiBiiliilgwiati 


••• e^aaaoaa 


•  ••aaa«ao*oaoa»aaa»oa .  ^  ^  ^^m 

•  •  ••••••••  an  •••♦••»»taaa«aaa»     fJwS 


■i^ 


*9f> 


nrmK  v  v\ 


Ph. 

»■■—•»  •f  yw— .  <?— to—*  wioi  — 

■MiaAMtoiTt  ■'MHM aM^MI 

iStNllMitM.  ••«. SM.M« 

■»M«nMMu>i»ir.  OMitvMM  aw..  MMtMi 

■•ml* • *MM 

Boota,  ttc "vz  58? 

Brick  •  > • ♦■••••••  ■••»■•■ 

Pataiiu4  AitlelM JJi 

mi04l9  ,    Sol 

|M|| ■■•-Ml 

— mwWmwlMtmwm,mmmAtmr. Ml 

■anrlad  WMUia'it  Will,  ««•. 

li»r|rlMa4l. 

AchMWIadfOMmta. 

Om4* ■        ^i^ 

MMttMtM *>* 

wmrrr; •?• 

AakMwMcmaals _»I 

DMds  H5 

WUta •»• 

■»•••■>*»»••«  la  GkAMMvr 

__  _~ta  y»w«l— w 


•!•■••■■••■ 

AaalaaMSfBt  of ••••• 

Bob*  to  Pay  Bad  C«(M«I 

Oaada  of  Taoania,  lubjact  to . 
tadha 


■aearity,  Coauaat  < 

■•r«c«B«4ll 

AMaina.. 


haag*. 


«r 


HanwMUwB 

Mmmmrm  ■■«  W«l«k*a  < 

€h«»«or  VMP«r  tor 

■•■MMMidaiMM    IM    ClMtMl    ■•*«• 


»rc*nrH«ii«   _ 

— ^r  VawrtttcK,  ▼•rtHri,  •»  X««* 

MIMMMVCWm 
■•MlMMt  <MKl 


^aoi»la<«»aiH«. 


Mf.BB 


tloHgagaa. 

Wiaia.T7... 


■till 


■fii 

■lai. 

AakflowMcaiaata . 


tfortfagaa. 


■IIMt*a  A«lMM»Wl 

■tantetoBl. 

AekBoWMgmaata 
DaoS.. 


?Ki2!T?;::::::::;:::::::::::::...;....  «• 


AakaMFMcoiaaila.. 


Mort|«cao. 
WUta 


M 

...  9m 


RaeAptlar 
AahaowMsaMBtik 


••••••■•••••aa* 

««•• o> •< •• • • 


mm. 


S 


Qaliferolc 

Coloraila 

Ceanactleut 

Oalawar* 

Dtatrict  of  Cotua 

PlorMa 

Oaorglo 

UUnoU 


Iowa.. 


KantiMliy.. 

Maina....! 
Mafyloa4. 


••«oat**« 


MTT 


fV 


MlaMgMi.. 
Mlaaaaata ■ 

maaourl... 

MOOtOBA 

Nabnako 

KomUb 

Maw  HaipaMra. 

'*r\SSL:::::. 


Maw 


RbaialaiBBd... 
eolith  CaroliMk. 


Tann. 
Utth.. 

VanMOBt 

VlriiiUa 

WMTvbgliao. 


•  »  •• ••••oaoaaaaaa*  ■ 

o**»aaa«a*aaaaa*««* 


M* 


-t«:sSff35nt!»^:::::::::r*« 

AwaalBtataaaaatorifortgagMa'IMaf 

attk.  a«a ■*V 


AwaoBlBtataaaaat 

BUI  of  Ma'aiiii'ohiiHatMorinMW^ 

C«Mrtto«liiK  Ctmtlal  MMtCMMTMMi^ 

vtlBaaOtiitaaMMalw.^ 

DatMdl.  Paaaaaalaa  of 

QnnMfM 


■MtawMkiof-.-. 


••••  *^2 


§ 


ro*«M«t8  .... 
^■la,AM«ol,of 

iHMtirMial'aat'e 

rea«anaiit,«ic 


» 


iM*  AcmrawiMMMMRB,  ate..  aXjOM. 
AMMOMlOMq^oK  lloftglW«« 

AflrifMuu^'of'ifarjgiMiM^^ 

wn  a  CarjpiMaiioa* ••••<....>...•. 

CovtBiMiai for •-■.  '••••.••*.*...•...  . 


ibattl^irai..^ .  . 

WMh  Pown'ofMWiMy. 


M 


i4CaiM«l 
tM,  SublMt  to 

MtMClx 


BMit  Of  MMtgafMS'  IMwr- 

iiii  ChaiMi ■ioijwMw'' 
aiatlal  MMtCigM.  ~ 

HWMMIIttMV ,    J 

iMteviia'aaMi 


■« •  ■• 


01  •  ■  ■  *.  a  •  9 

•J? 


kMcta  .... 

AMMl.«f 


UtAbtt ,.••••••««.•■•••• 


wllartgiigtdfIN 


l«riS«rlgagM. MBp 


««••    ••*««••••••  •  • > 


rar  M  AtMnC|f* 


niDBX  TO  roMUt, 


Pat« 


■•J 
Bend,  tacurad  by  I 

Commtnclog  CUuMa  In  HMlcnt**' 

ConeliMtana In  Mortf  ncM > 

CandlUona  and  ProvtMMi  to  Martf  ngas .    I 

Corparation  Aaaicnmtnt ..   I 

—Vlortcafaa  M«,l 

Cavananu  In  Mortgagaa 

AMignaMM 

AMuraaaa 

CqioyaMat  of  tha  PrMaiaaa.  ale.. 

Kniry  upon  Dafaull.. 

FlraCUiiM 

Incuiabrancw,  Frtaar 


Moituici  of . . 
ml  ol  MoiM 


Rtahi 
Salao 


PayaMM  ol  Monay 

— — afTaxM  ....... 

Powarlo  Awlt"--  . 

RaaMitMUcni,  aW. . 

Raeaipl,  Mc 

*■■  KuoConiray.... 
I  on  Dafiiull,  ale. 

on  Dallvery • ■ 

oia  Notice 

Oiaebatgaa  tr  Raiaaaaa  of  Mor«fla(M. . 

—  -—In  Fart 

Dawai  and  Hamtaiaad  Bsamptlan  >•• 

j^ii^^il ..........i... 

Dewar  not  Ralaaaad • •-  ■ .  • 

Bntoyment  of  Pramlaoa,  Covanant  for . . 

Baaeutora,  Mortf  aga  to SSSt 

Bxtanaienaf  a  Mortgaga 

PtraCUnaa >••• 

Poraeloaura,  Ct  anant  fbr 

PurtbarChargaon  Mortgagad  PramlaM 

Oanaral  Forma  of  Mortgagaa Mfl 

HabandumlB  Mortgagaa. v SM. 

— InFaalimpla ■••• •••• 

Homaotaad  Baamptioo  and  Dowar  Ra> 


M« 


•6» 


IncvMbraaaaa,  Covanant  Agalaat. 

Indaanalty  to  H&rtgag««>  ote 

Indoraor'a  Saaur^typy  Mortgaga.  . . 

Introdaatioaa  M  Mortgagaa  

Laaao,  Covanant  Coaeaming. ....... 

Laaatd  Pramlaoa,  Mortgaga  of. . . . . . 

Ub,  Mortgaga  tor  Sapport  Ditriag. 
Keta,  »acarad  by  Mortgaga. ........ 

Faymoa^  of  Monay,  Covanant  far.  . 

of  Taaaa, Covanant  tor 

Powar  to  AMga,  Covanant^of^., 
wyMota  r 


M* 


RalMaa' af  'Oowar  itoid ' HomMMdite* 

anptlon •• * ■* 

-  -       larlNacbargaaorMartfagw... 


Raaarvattan.    Sae  RanoaitoaM,  arc.  m 
lloBitMoiia,  above.. 


Right  to  Cainvay  Covaaaat  tor. 
laEi  on  Dawiilt,) 


tStA 


a  aaaaaaaa  o 


,Oovaaanttor< 

■ala,Soeurity.«tt. 

■aHatoetkM  of  MOTtcagaa . .  . 

— «faPart 

■acttrity  tor  aa  Indoraar 

— ^M^aW, ate*  ...»•        *• «.....•  iwi 

tor  an  Uidiquidata*  ar  UnaaeortatMrt 

Amoant 

■bartFormMartgagafii  .  

UaHqnMatadorlJiMiHartalBBd 

Tam  of VMuraflMMSag*  *!*  ■  • 
Yaaaa,  Tana  of,  Mor^aga  tor.. 


■MMtVff. 

Maalfllpal 


'SSlAtfi^ 


.#«*k««Kkmi«rMii 


•to. 


tVf 

Pl>«0 

I,  an* 
144 


M.M 


a  a  •  a  •  a    Wa  Bl 

«M 


HMias  •#  Partlaa  !■ 

HMiwaiU  MMali  K*toa 

■•*iiv«|    B*NMi*rlaf,    mtghwrnr** 
Haw  DaaairlbMl  la  DaMlm  ato. 

AchnowladgRtanta 

Daada • >■ 

Mortgagaa 

VVUIalT. •»• 

Xagr*«l«kkiMUla.8<MBiLi.aorKiiCMAMOB  IdT 

M»W<a.  Sm  Bond*— Nbootiaklb  . .  144-I4* 
—Mmtmrn.    Sao  PaomiaoKV  Noraa.  . .  14*,  IM 

AaknowladgmanU tf 

Daada ••• 

Mortgagaa •** 

WUIa 

Vaw  HMMMhlr*. 
Aabnowladgmaata . 

Oaada. 

Mortgagaa • "* 

wuiar?. ■ sT«,arr 

Haw  tmrmmj.  .. 

Achnewladgmanta. II 

Daada »•» 

Mortgagaa..... • W 

WUla aTT 

IfawMaxle*.  ^  „ 

Acknowladgmanta "k  • 

Daada ■•■ 

WlUa «T 

Waw  Twrk.  _^  _ 

Aehnowtadgnants <**:1Z 

Daada Jfif^Z 

Mortgagaa ***>£*• 

Inr  UWa  aaaaaaaaaeaaaaaaaaaaaaaoaaaaaaaaaaaa       ••  T 

Il«*<ll  CMWitaM.  .. 

Achaowladgmanta. Ww 

Daada Jr! 

Mortgagaa..... M* 

WUIa. •TT 

Vf  (iaawra*  fcy  Mmwigmg*. M4 

]r«to«.ato.  ,^^ 

Aaaignmant  af .•   iv* 

of  Hand !*ft!K 

Magotlabte.    Saa  PaoMMaoav  Noraa  14*,  IM 

"•iSBavHaf.... «« 

to  Arbttratora. . . , •• 

of  Carrtora  af  Oooda.    SaaBiUJio*LAi>- 

iiio 114-1*1, 14«-I4a 

afDtoaotattoaafUnltadPartaarahlp..  OM 

of  Frataat.  ...*• •...• Mxr 

af  Sala  of  Mertaagad  Oooda,  ate. Sfl 

WitaoM  In  ArMtratien 4* 

Wlummnmitw;  TarlNii.  •*  Tawvft- 

m  WIlia • ••••• 

ASdavIt  of  WItoaaaaa  to  Mamoraadim 
af. 


1*1-1** 

im  Ucto«^ 


iflv.  isi 


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'^i^si^skJs^fr'^TT::  i** 

mgrMOavM ' u 

AeknowtadgflMnta mSiSt 

Daada "^S* 

Mortgagaa i^ii  sSJ 

WOw tm^wn 

Mi,  »MMti.  w  aia*  !«■«  iMM*— • 

iaa««»* 


nrBWK 


ToKiy  t  ••11  ttMb.  arakw'a. 
Chaftar  Party  for  


!•• 


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kn«wl«4gm«al* . 

DaMit 

Mortgaflaa 

WlUa 


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PawliWM*- •••■• Ml,  ••• 

riMM.B«lMllliSOMlMM«Wl«k KM 

n«MMii«aa.c«»rn«k« 4m-4u 

r*ll«y*riMNirMM<^AMl«aaBMil*r  IM 

■»— 1»— — gli  ■•Mlpim  (.'•pjrrtekt 

Hnllyi- al«<  alw 


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■«■•<» 

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AOTawnttM • 

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AaalmMaM  of  rarUMr'a  lataraM 
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CafiUir 

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Miiaaaf  P 


ji««aiiaa  •#  Partnarah^. 
lit. 


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Dvtlw,  DhrWeti  of 

BapwlMoa  of  Mamban 

PInMNi 

Oaaaral 


Nano,ata«..> - '^H  \ 


P»W«»m«««..  la  Wills.    SaaCoMiMTiaM^ 

mc.,  arc.,  abava 

r«w«va  mt  AtlMMjr. 

Aaaliamaat  af....... »2 

Aaatf  amaot  AtMchaa --^--r-     ** 

AtuSuUea  of  Daa4.  ata..  Baacttta4  hy 
VIrUMof ••• 

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AMOtat  AjMratoara. J* 

.      Xrf^W  Hattara  .^ »« 

,    CanTO*>«Mlaaaa,ata .-     »« 

'    ItafMatUa  Cenearaa... 2s*»2 

'    laat Dabta far Corporatleaa '••J* 

DMtfaada |J 


CanMnM  *«ta  of  AttofMy  . 
DattvarP 


Ratiitacl 

■atdaoMMa. 

■UaalPwtMH. 


loaa  ••  •  •  a 
^••a«>a«« 


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« •€....  MS, ttT 


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tfiaail  Prtrt* •* 

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rilrOM.P«fiilali.m»dLMVaaoal M 

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Saka  f!^ar«tfoft •••  E 
ii:;^su%r 


DaSSHLltai 

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Ffron  UMarwritafa. 
MiMiafltaaiaalMa.. 

PrlMtpal  ••<  i««lS^  ■  •  • 

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iattlUaltalaM 


WrUlafa- 


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a  4a  a*  •^•t*» aa ■• a 


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nc.,  IM  LaA*M,  abova, 

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j*Ui4    Am^mm*, 


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I     ■•r(«mr«*- 


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— KantiMhir 

— MlMaurt 

New  York 


— JNaiwylvaBl* 

^VlrciaU 

■Mia*.  Han*.  OmMmmM  CaaMra; 

■  ■g^, a4a,SW7 

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»a«  Oa«»4va«aaa 

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— ^Tl«k«4  Oflto*,  Caa4M««a  «np, 
■atiPigMMaas  af  Paraaav  €a«Mhh 
,  OmAmMb  iar  lalaa  af 


•••.,  CaaMHPalait Ma,  Ma 

— rraaartr,  la  BavlaM  ar,  la  W1U4| 

•Mw ■■•,■•• 

■■■■■Iiaai4al.  Oaatiaato  tor. 
■•kalMlac 


Mla4. 

for  Mla«ba4  FianHy . 

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in  MMtiagaa,  Cavaaant  Cansaratac- 


lOaaarally  . 

gattala,  V^w",  ata. . 

fnnarAabanaBda!'. 


•  •  •••••• 


VmSmi  air  Cangraaa' 

TmSS^mtJ'  iw  ciVyri^U  Siatfcw  <  «S«»  <ii 

farnliaaa  Maaay Hi 

KdWhMfy  af  naparty,  aia. MB 

Itant ., Ma 

■««l94^AMilaraaMa4ar 187 


iUadidMfaiar'a  Tl^g. . . 
AtMmay'a  in  ^Mt  TMa 
EmeaM^TItta.  

.'paaaantjhitaii^'aia.,  TWa  ky- 
,TWar 

Aa4li«a( 


Paais,  a4a....... 

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TIaibar.  ata.  .,..t 

WaiarCaOTa,  ate. ,.••« >•« 

41 


BMlalivarjr  Baada IM 

KaHar— *■  Paa< MS,SM 

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AMrantlaaahlp  

Clalmf,D«man4a,  •U.itta 

D««4er 

Oawar  an4  Hamaataatf  Baamptian  la 

Martgacaa 848 

MartgMMlarttll M1-8M 

" '  '4n  fwt ....•• 

ta«MP.  OaatnM4  Ito  Hn  la  af . . . 


ral  AMMavlta. 
•tul  MartgagM. 


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M7 


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Raaaipt  laf 

■aaraaaalatlvai.  r«r 


»1, 


187 


■•aateMaa  la 
Aai 


ihnawMgraaati. . 

Aaalanmanta 

Banaa 

Contracta 


IM,  tSl 


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